Vital and

Health Statistics

Supplements to the

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report:

Advance Reports,

1989 and 1990

Series 24:

Compilations of Data on Natality,

Mortality, Marriage, Divorce, and

Induced Terminations of Pregnancy

No, 6

These supplements to the Month/y Vita/Statistics Repti present summary

tabulations from final natality, mortality, marriage, and divorce statistics

for 1989 and 1990, Natality and mortality data are based on information

from the standard certificates filed In all States and the District of

Columbia, Marriage and divorce data are based on information from

the marriage- and divorce-registration areas, These reports were originally

published in 1991-93 and 1995. More detailed tabulations are published

In V/ta/Stafi’sfbs of the t!lnltedStates annual volumes.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statlsflcs

Hyattsvllle, Maryland

October 1996

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1956
‘/

1

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!

I

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Mimslcsnlsrfu Hesnhstswics. sllppkmntsto thsmullhly vitslstdslks

rspmsdvsnw mporls, 19twsnd 1990. Nmionslcsntsrbr H$alul StStMcs.

Vil Hdth SW 24(8). 1996.
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondi~ Ph.D., Director

Jack R. Anderson, Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Associate Director for

International Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for DataProcessing

and Services

Kenneth W. Harris, Acting Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Division of Vital Statistics

Mary Anne Freedman, Director

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Deputy Director

Robert Bilgrad, Special Assistant to the Director

Robert J. Armstrong, Actuarial Adviser

Harry M. Rosenberg, Ph.D., Chie$ MortaliQ Statistics Branch

Robert L. Heuser, ChieJ Natality Marriage, and Divorce

Statistics Branch

George A. Gay, Chiej Registration Methods Branch

William D. Mosher, Ph.D., Chiej Family Growth Survey Branch

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Acting Chiej Followback Survey Branch

Ronald Chamblee, ChieJ Technical Services Branch

Robert J. Armstrong, Acting Chie$ Statistical Resources Branch

Nicholas F. Pace, Acting Chie$ Systems and Programming Branch
Advance report of final natality statistics, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. 40, No. 8, SUpp

Advance report of final marriage statistics, 1989 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. 43, No. 12, Supp

Advance report of fial divorce statistics, 1989 and 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vol.43, No. 9, Supp

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ml. 40, No. 8, SUpp 2

Advance report of ihal natality statistics, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vol.41, No. 9, Sul)jl

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vol.41, No. 7, Supp
Vol. 40, No. 8, Supplement. December 12, 1991

Monthly Vital

Statistics Re~ort

&–

Final Data From the National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1989

Contents

Births and birth rates .

Births by race. . . . . .

Total fertility rate . . .

Geographic areas ., . .

Sex ratio . . . . . . . . . . . .

Month of birth. . . . . . . .

Day of week....,.,..

Place of delivery . . . . .

Attendant at birth. . . . .

Age of father. ,, . . . . . .

Weight at birth . . . . . . .

Multiple births. . . . . . . .

Unmarried mothers. . . .

., ...! 1

., ..., 5

. ...,. 5

.,, . . . 6

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . . 6

. . . . . . 7

. . . . . . 7

,. ..., 7

. . . . . 8

. . . . . 8

Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Hispanic births, . .,, . . . . . . . . 9

Specified race . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Prenatal care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Prenatal visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Period of gestation . . . . . . . . . 12

Apgarscore . . . . . . . ..12 . . ..l2

References, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Technical notes, , . . . . . . . ...53

The U.S. Standard Certificate of

Live Birth was revised effective with

the 1989 data year. This report

describes characteristics of births that

have been available on previous versions of the birth certificate. Data on

all the new topics included on the new

certificate are now being tabulated and

evaluated. A second Monthly Vital Statistics Report supplement for 1989 birth

data will soon be published and will

present summary data on all the new

topics; these topics are listed in the

TechnicaI notes.

Births and birth rates

The number of babies born in the

United States in 1989 totaled 4,040,958,

the highest number reported since 1963

(4,098,020) (table 1). The 19S9 total

was 3 percent higher than the number

reported for 19SS (3,909,510). Another

3-percent increase in the number of

births is expected for 1990, according

to provisional statistics.

The birth rate for 19S9 was 16.3

live births per 1,000 population, 3 percent above the level for 198S (15.9),

and higher than in any year since 1971

(17.2). A 2-percent increase in the birth

rate is indicated for 1990 according to

provisional data.

The fertility rate, which relates the

number of births to women of childbearing age, was 69.2 live births per 1,000

women aged 15-44 years in 1989, 3 percent higher than the rate reported in

198S (67.2). (See table 1 and figure 1.)

Provisional data for 1990 also indicate

another 3-percent rise over the 19S9rate.

Age-specific birth rates for women

15-44 years increased by 3 to 8 percent

between 1988 and 1989. The Iargest

increases, 6-S percent, were observed in

rates for teenagers and for women 35-44

years. (See tables 24 for births and birth

rates by age of mother and figure 2 for

birth rates by age of mother.)

Birth rates for teenagers increased

in 19S9 to levels not observed for 15

years. The rate for young teenagers in

19S9 was 36.5 per 1,000 women aged

15-17, 8 percent higher than in 198S

(33.8) and 19 percent higher than in

1986 (30.6). To put it another way, if

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Di\,ision of Vital Statistics. Stephanie J. Ventura wrote the report under the supervision of Robert L. Heuser, Chief

of the Natality, Marriage, and Divorce Statistics Branch. Thomas Dunn provided statistical tables and content review. Virginia Brainmd and Linda

Elias provided computer programming support. The Registration Nlcthods Bmnch and the Technical .%rviccs Branch provided consultation to State

vital statistics offices regarding collection of the birth certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Dcmarius V. Miller and

typeset by Zung T. N. Lc of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Scrviccs.

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National Center for Health Statistics

Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H., Director CENTERS CKFOR OISEASE CONTbd
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

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1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend lines are basedon registered lweblrths, trend lines for1920-59 are based onliveblflhs adjusted for underregistration. “

Figure 1. Live births and fertility rates: United States, 1920-89

the 1989 birth rate had been 30.6

instead of 36.5, there would have been

about 30,000 fewer births to women

aged 15–17.

The birth rate for older teenagers

also increased in 1989, by 6 percent, to

86.4 births per 1,000 women aged

18-19. This rate was higher than it has

been since 1974 (88.7). From 1976 to

1988, the birth rate for older teenagers

had been relatively stable, ranging from

78 to 82 births per 1,000.

The birth rates for women aged

20-24 (115.4) and for women aged

25–29 (116.6) were each higher than in

any year since the early 1970’s.

The birth rate for women 30-34

continued to increase in 1989, to 76.2

per 1,000, This rate has risen steadily

since the mid-1970’s (except in 1981),

from a low of 52.3 in 1975 to the 1989

level which is the highest observed

since 1967 (78.7). Because the increase

in this rate has occurred simultaneously with a sustained growth in the

number of women in their early thirties, the number of births in 1989 to

women in this age group, 842,395, was

the highest ever reported in the United

States. Prior to 1988 (803,547) and

1989, the peak year for the number of

births to women aged 30–34 years was

1957 (730,818), but as recently as 1975,

births totaled just 375,500 for this age

group.

Birth rates for women in age

groups 35–39 and 40-44 years increased

by 6-8 percent between 1988 and 1989.

For both groups, the increases brought

the rates to levels not observed for 15

years or more. During the 1980’s the

rate for women aged 35–39 increased

50 percent, from 19,8 births per 1,000

in 1980 to 29.7 in 1989. The birth rate

for women aged 40-44, although still

comparatively low, increased to 5.2

births per 1,000 in 1989, 8 percent

higher than in 1988 and a third higher

than in 1980 (3.9).

The impact of the increasing birth

rates for women 35-44 years has been

similar to that for women aged 30-34.

The rise in the rates has been coupled

with a sharp increase in the number of

women in these age groups; nearly all

of these women were born during the

baby-boom years following World War

II. ‘The effect of these concurrent patterns has been a substantial increase in

the number of births to women 35-44.

Births to women 35-39 totaled 293,878

in 1989 compared with a low of 115,409

in 1975. The number for this age group

was previously as high in 1964

(309,814). Births to women aged 40-44

totaled 44,401 in 1989 compared with a

low of 22,627 in 1978 and the previous

high level of 49,952 in 1970.

Increases in birth rates in 1989

appear to reflect some changes in fertility patterns. In recent years, the only

groups for whom birth rates were

steadily increasing were womlen aged
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~ 3

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J3 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live births: trend hnes for 1955-59 are based on We birfhs adjusted for underregistration.

Figure2. Birth rates by age of mothefi United States 1955-89

30 and older. Rates for women aged

18–29 were relatively stable. These patterns reflected the continued trend of

postponed childbearing (1). In 1989 as

in 1988, birth rates increased for

women in alI age groups, but the

greatest increases were at the youngest

and oldest ages. Because birth rates

for women in their twenties, the peak

years of childbearing, increased much

less, the overall increase in the fertility

rate was small.

Since 1986 the continued rise in

birth rates for women under 20 years

of age is associated with the rise in

the proportion of teenagers, espe- indicate little change in these rates

cially young teenagers, who are sex- among teenagers during the 1980’s

ually experienced. Data from the

1988 National Survey of Family

Growth indicate a considerable rise

in these proportions during the 1980’s

(2). For example, among women aged

15 years, the proportion rose from 17

percent in 1980 to 26 percent in 1988.

Similarly, among those aged 17 years,

the proportion rose from 36 percent

to 51 percent. An increasing proportion of young teenagers is clearly at

risk of becoming pregnant. Data

recently reported on abortion rates

(3), suggesting their pregnancy rates

have risen.

The trend among older, welleducated women to make up previously delayed childbearing has

continued to intensify among women

aged 35-39 and 40-44, but it has slowed

down among those aged 30-34. The

first-birth rate for women aged 30-34

increased just 4 percent in 1989, while

the first-birth rates for women aged

35-39 and 40-44 increased by 9 and 13

percent, respectively.
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

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1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend hnes are baaed on registered live births; trend lines for 1955-59 are based on live blrtha adjusted for underregistralion.

Figure 3. Birth rates by live-birth order: United States, 1955-89

The incidence of childlessness

among women in their thirties has

increased sharply over the past two

decades. For example, among women

reaching age 35 by the end of 1989, 20

percent had not had any children compared with just 9 percent of women

aged 35 in 1970. Surveys show, however, that half of childless wives aged

30-34 expect to have at least one child

(4), Some couples will probably remain

childless because of fertility impairments. Although the proportion of

older couples with impaired fertility

actually declined somewhat during the

1980’s (from 48 percent of childless cated. Among those aged 30–34 having

wives aged 35-44 in 1982 to 36 percent their first child in 1989, 46 percent

in 1988) (5), these proportions applied were college graduates, compared with

to a much larger group of women in

1988 than in 1982 (the baby-boom generation), so the number of women with

impaired fertility was higher in 1988. It

appears that more childless couples

with impaired fertility are seeking

medical treatment, but it may be

more difficult to treat some fertilityimpairing conditions among older

women (6).

Women delaying childbearing continue to be disproportionately well edu7 percent of women aged 20-24 and 33

percent of women aged 25-29. Previously published reports showed sharp

increases between 1975 and 1985 in

first-birth rates for well-educated

women in their thirties, concurrent with

declines in these rates for younger welleducated women (1,7). These patterns

corroborate the widely held view that

young well-educated women have been

delaying childbearing while their older

counterparts have been making up for
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 5

the childbearing they had previously

postponed.

The proportion of all births occurring to teenagers was 13 percent in

1989, as in 1988. Teenage mothers

accounted for 19 percent of all births

in 1975. Sixty-one percent of mothers

giving birth in 1989 were aged 25 and

older, a sizable increase compared with

the 46-percent level measured in 1975.

These shifts in the age distribution of

mothers reflect the varying trends in

age-specific birth rates as well as the

widely varying patterns of change in

these population groups. Women aged

15-24 in 1989 were born between 1965

and 1974, a period when the annual

number of births fell rapidly, Women

aged 25–44 in 1989 are members of the

large baby-boom generation. As the

smaller group of women under age 25

reaches the peak childbearing years

and replaces the large number of

women now aged 25-44, the total

number of births is likely to stabilize or

perhaps decline, unless birth rates for

women in their twenties rise substantially, Although a 3-percent rise in the

annual number of births is anticipated

in 1990 according to provisional statistics, data for the first half of 1991 show

a 2-percent decline in the number of

births,

Birth rates increased for birth

orders from the first through the fifth

child. Rates for higher order births

were unchanged. The rate for first

births increased 3 percent and the rate

for second-order births rose 2 percent.

Rates for third- through fifth-order

births rose by 4, 5, and 7 percent,

respectively (tables 3 and 5). This pattern was obsewed in 1988 as wel[.

Rates by live-birth order had changed

little from 1983 to 1987, (See table 5

and figure 3.) The 3-percent rise in the

first-birth rate brought the number of

first births to a new record level in the

United States, 1,648,303.

First-birth rates increased the most

for teenagers (5-8 percent) and for

women aged 35-44 (9-13 percent). This

variation by age was also obsenred for

second-order rates, the second year of

such increases, Between 19S8 and 1989,

first- and second-order rates rose

sharply for teenagers 15–17, by 8 and

12 percent, respectively, From 19S6

to 19S9, these rates increased by 17

and 34 percent, respectively. A comparison of the birth-order specific

rates for 1989 with those for 1980

confirms that most of the variation

in fertility during the 1980’s is attributable to the sizable increases in

first- through third-order rates for

women aged 30 and older.

Birrhs by race – Beginning \vith the

1989 data year, the tabulation of births

by race has changed. In previous years,

birth tabulations were by race of child,

as determined statistically by an algorithm based on information reported

for the mother and father. Briefly, in

cases of mixed parentage where only

one parent was white, the child was

assigned to the other parent’s race.

When neither parent was white, the

chiId was assigned the race of the

father, except if either parent was

Hawaiian, the child was assigned to

Hawaiian. If race was not reported for

one parent, the chiId was assigned the

race of the parent for whom race was

given,

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is tabulating data on births

primarily by race of mother, as reported

direct[y on the birth certificate. This

change reflects three significant changes

over the past two decades: the topical

content of the birth certificate to

include considerable health and demographic information related to the

mother; the increasing incidence of

interracial parentage: and the grow’ing

proportion of births for whom no information on the father is reported. These

considerations are discussed in greater

detail in the Technical notes.

In general, changing the basis for

tabulating birth data from race of child

to race of mother results in more white

births and fewer black births and births

of other races, Therefore, populationbased rates under the new classification will tend to be higher for births

to white mothers and lower for births

to black mothers and mothers of other

races than they are \vhen computed by

race of child.

In order to facilitate continuity with

past years’ data and analysis of current

patterns, key tabulations and text analysisin this and other NCHS reports for

1989 and 1990 births will show data for

both race of mother and race of child.

This will make it possible to distinguish the effects of this change in tabulation from real changes in the data.

In this report, the discussions of

changes in various measures between

1989 and previous years are based on

measures computed by race of child.

Text references to white births and

black births refer to births tabulated by

race of child. When reference is made

to white mothers and black mothers,

the basis for tabulation is the race of

the mother.

In 1989 the fertility rate for white

women was 66,0 live births per 1,000

women aged 15-44 and for black

women it was 85.8. These rates are

those computed by race of mother.

The comparable rates for births classified by race of child were 64.7 for

w’bite births and 90.4 for black births.

The rate for white births was 3 percent

higher than in 1988 (63.0) and the

highest it has been since 1980 (also

64.7). The rate for black births was 4

percent above the 1988 level (86,6)

and higher than in any year since 1973

(93.6).

All rates by race of child for white

and black women in age groups 10-14

through 40+ increased. The rates rose

more for black than for white women

aged 18–34; the reverse wras true for

women aged 17 and under and 35–44

years (tables 3_4),

Birth rates by race of child

increased for white w’omen by 1-8 percent in birth orders one through five

and for black \\’omen by 3–11 percent

in birth orders one through seven.

Except for fifth-order births, increases

in rates for bIack births were greater

than for white births.

Birth rates for first- through thirdorder births for teenagers increased

considerably between 1988 and 1989.

Other sizable increases were measured

in first-birth rates for women aged

30–34 and 35–39. These patterns were

observed for white and black births.

Total fertility rate – The total fertility rate indicates the number of births

that 1,000 women wouId have if they

experienced during their childbearing

years the age-specific birth rates

observed in a given caIendar year. It is
6~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

a hypothetical measure that shows the

potential impact of current fertility

levels on completed family size.

Because the total fertility rate is computed from age-specific birth rates and

assumes the same number of women in

each age group, it is age-adjusted.

The total fertility rate increased in

1989 to 2,014.0, 4 percent higher than

in 1988 (1,932.0) and higher than it has

been since 1971 (2,266.5) (table 4).

This increase directly reflects the 3–8

percent increases in birth rates for

women in 5-year age groups 15–19

through 40–44. The rate of 2,014.0 is 4

percent below the level considered necessary for a given generation to exactly

replace itself in the population over

the long run (about 2,100), The total

fertility rate has been below replacement level since 1972.

The total fertility rate by race of

mother for white women was 1,921.5,

and for black women it was 2,414.0.

Rates for births classified by race of

child were 1,885,0, white, and 2,544.5,

black. The latter rates were 4 and 6

percent higher, respectively, than the

rates in 1988 (1,814.0 and 2,402.0,

respectively). In each case the 1989

rates were higher than in any year

since the early 1970’s.

Geographic division and State

The number of births increased in

all nine geographic divisions in 1989.

The largest increases were measured

in the Pacific Division (6 percent); the

South Atlantic Division (4 percent);

and the New England, Middle Atlantic,

East North Central, and East South

Central Divisions (3 percent each). The

numbers rose by just 1 percent in the

West North Central, West South Central, and Mountain Divisions. (See table

6 for 1989 data.) Births increased in all

but nine States. These nine States were

located in the three divisions experiencing the smallest gains in the number

of births,

The birth rate per 1,000 population increased 1 percent in the West

North Central and West South Central

Divisions and increased 3 percent in

the New England, Middle Atlantic,

East North Central, South Atlantic,

East South Central, and Pacific Divisions. There was a l-percent decline in

the Mountain Division. Birth rates rose

in 38 States and the District of

Columbia, fell in 7 States, and were

unchanged in 5 States. Twenty States

experienced increases of 1–2 percent

and 15 States experienced a 3-percent

rise in their rates. Rates rose by 4–6

percent in California, Kentucky, and

Michigan and by 14 percent in the

District of Columbia.

Changes in the fertility rates (births

per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years)

were generally similar to those in the

birth rates. Fertility rates increased 3

percent in the New England, East

North Central, and East South Central

Divisions and by 4 percent in the

Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, and

Pacific Divisions. An increase of less

than 1 percent was measured for the

Mountain Division. There were

increases of up to 2 percent in 21

States, 3 percent in 9 States, and 4-7

percent in 12States. The rate increased

17 percent in the District of Columbia.

Declines of up to 3 percent were

reported for seven States. The rate for

North Dakota fell 5 percent.

Sex ratio

In 1989 the sex ratio at birth was

1,050 males per 1,000 females, the same

as in 1987–88. (See table 7.) The ratio

has shown very little variation since

1980, ranging from 1,050 to 1,053. The

ratio for births to white mothers was

1,053 and for births to black mothers,

it was 1,031. Ratios by race of child in

1989 were identical to those by race of

mother.

Month of birth

Monthly birth and fertility rates

were higher in every month of 1989

compared with the same month in 1988.

The peak months of occurrence were

August and September, a pattern that

has been observed for many years. The

birth and fertility rates for these months

were 3–15 percent higher than for any

other month in 1989 (table 8).

Removal of the seasonal component from the monthly birth and fertility rates makes it possible to examine

the underlying trends. Generally, the

seasonally adjusted rates were stable

at a slightly higher level in the second

half of 1989 compared with the first

half of the year.

Day of week

The tendency for births to occur

more frequently on weekdays than on

Saturdays and Sundays continued in

1989, Deliveries were increasingly concentrated on Tuesdays-Friclays with

correspondingly fewer occurring on Saturdays and Sundays. (See table 9 for

1989 data.) Births also occur with less

frequency on holidays. (Data are not

shown in this report.) The index of

occurrence of births, defined as the

ratio of the average number of births

occurring on a given day of the week to

the average daily number of births for

the year multiplied by 100, can be used

to examine the daily pattern of occurrence of births. In 1989, as in previous

years, the peak day of occurrence was

Tuesday, with an index of :108.9. By

contrast, the index for Sunday occurrences was 81.2. In 1989 as in 1988 and

1987, the disparity between Tuesday

and Sunday occurrences was 34 percent. From 1980, when this information first became available, to 1987,

this differential had increased from 22

percent to 34 percent.

In accounting for this pattern, most

attention has focused on the relatively

high level of cesarean section deliveries (23.8 percent in 1989) (8). The

overall proportion of cesarean sections

changed very little during the. last few

years and the proportion of these that

are repeat cesareans has remained high

(36 percent in 1989). Physicians would

be unlike[y to schedule repeat procedures or planned primary cesarean

deliveries on weekends or holidays.

(More detailed information on 1989

births according to method of delivery

will be published in another supplement to the Monthly Vital Statistics

Report.)

Place of delivery

With the revision in the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth in 1989,

the item that identifies the type of

facility where the birth occurred was

modified to provide more detail, Information is now reported to distinguish
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 7

among births occurring in freestanding

birthing centers, clinics or doctors’

offices, residences or other places, as

well as hospitals. As a result of the

more detailed classification as well as

greater effort to more precisely differentiate among the various delivery sites,

the proportion of births reported to

have occurred in hospitals was slightly

smaller in 1989 (98.8 percent) than in

previous years, (99.1 percent in 1987

and 1988). Births occurring outside of

hospitals totaled 47,214 in 1989 (table

10) compared with 36,258 in 1988.

More than half of out-of-hospital

deliveries occurred in residences; nearly

a third occurred in freestanding

birthing centers. White mothers were

more Iikely than black mothers to have

had an out-of-hospital delive~ in 1989,

1.2 percent compared with 0.9 percent.

However, black mothers with nonhospital deliveries were much more likely

than their white counterparts to give

birth at home (71 percent compared

with 57 percent). Conversely, birthing

centers were relatively much more utilized by white mothers, 34 percent of

nonhospital deliveries compared with’

9 percent for black mothers.

Attendant at birth

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth also provides more detail on the person

attending the birth. Doctors of medicine (M. D.’s) and doctors of osteopathy (D.0,’s) are separately identified,

and midwives are categorized as certified nurse midwives and “other” midwives. Other midwives may include both

lay midwives and nurse midwives who

are not certified.

The proportion of deliveries

attended by physicians (M, D.’s and

D. O.’s) in 1989 was 95.7 percent,

slightly below the 1988 level, 96.0 percent. (See table 10.) Of the 3,856,842

physician-attended births in 1989, only

3 percent were attended by osteopathic physicians, Midwives delivered

147,293 babies in 1989, 3.7 percent of

all births compared with 3.4 percent in

1988. The 1980’s has seen a substantial

growth in the number of midwifeattended births: The number in 1989

was nearly three times the number

reported in 1980 (51,576).

The vast majority (90 percent) of

midwife-attended births in 1989 were

attended by certified nurse midwives.

AS would be expected, midwifeattended births in hospitals are almost

exclusively attended by certified nurse

midwives (98 percent). Although just

43 percent of midwives attending ail

nonhospital births in 1989 were certified nurse midwives, midwives

attending births in birthing centers were

much more likely to be certified (63

percent). Mothers giving birth in residences with midwife attendants were

much less likely to be attended by

certified nurse midwives (30 percent).

Midwives attended 47 percent of all

nonhospital deliveries in 1989 and in

1988.

Black mothers giving birth in hospitals were more likely than their white

counterparts to have been attended by

midwives, 3.9 percent compared with

2.9 percent. Conversely, white mothers

giving birth in nonhospital settings were

far more likely to have a midwife attendant (53 percent) than were black

mothers (8 percent). These relationships have been observed for several

years. Moreover, white mothers

attended by midwives were much more

likely to be giving birth in

pital setting (19 percent)

black mothers (2 percent).

Age of father

a nonhosthan were

The birth rate for men in 1989 was

57.3 live births per 1,000 men aged

15-54 years, 3 percent higher than in

1988, 55.9. This rate has changed relatively little since the early 1970’s,

ranging from 53.2 to 59.1. Basic data

are shown in tables 11 and 12.

Birth rates by age of father rose

for men in all age groups 15-19 through

55 years and o~’er. Increases of 1-3

percent were measured for men aged

25-44 years, Rates for men 20-24 and

45–54 years increased by 4 percent.

The increase for men aged 15-19 was

especially large, 12 percent. This coincides with an 8-percent rise in the birth

rate for women aged 15–19.

Weight at birth

The rate of low birth weight

increased slightly between 1988 and

1989, from 6.9 to 7.0 percent, the

highest level observed since 1978 (7.1).

The racial differential in low. birth

weight (births weighing less than 2,500

grams or 5 pounds 8 ounces) remained

substantial in 1989: The rate for white

babies rose from 5.6 to 5.7 percent and

the rate for black babies increased

from 13.0 to 13.2 percent. The rate of

low birth weight for black births has

increased steadily since 1984 (12.4 percent). According to the new tabulations of births by race of mother, the

rate of low birth weight for births to

white mothers was also 5.7 percent and

for births to black mothers it was 13.5

percent. (See table 13 for basic data.)

An important factor accounting for

the persistent high Ievel of low birth

weight during the 1980’s continues to

be the steady rise in the incidence of

preterm births (those born before 37

completed weeks of gestation). The

proportion of babies born preterm rose

in 1989 to 10.6 percent compared with

10.2 percent in 1988 and 9.4 percent in

1981. Forty-one percent of preterm

births in 1989 weighed less than 2,500

grams compared with 39 percent in

1988. In contrast just 2,1-3.2 percent

of term and postterm births were of

low birth weight.

The racial differential in low birth

weight reflects the much higher incidence of preterm births among black

babies and the disparity in Iow birth

weight for term and postterm births. In

1989, 18.9 percent of births to black

mothers and 8.8 percent of births to

white mothers were preterm, Among

preterm births, infants born to white

and black mothers were at a similar

risk of low birth weight, 39.0 and 45.3

percent, respectively. For term and

postterm births, however, babies born

to black women were more than twice

as likely as babies born to white women

to be of low birth weight, 6.2 percent

(term) and 4.7 percent (postterm) compared with 2.6 percent and 1.7 percent,

respectively, for babies born to white

women.

The incidence of low birth weight

increased for mothers in most age
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report . Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

groups by 1-3 percent. Rates for

mothers aged 15 and under, 17 years,

and 20–24 years declined or were

unchanged. The rate for births to

mothers aged 45–49 rose from 9.8 to

10.5 percent, The risk of a low-birthweight outcome is lowest for births to

mothers aged 25–29 and 30-34. Rates

rose by 2–3 percent for births to these

mothers, to 6.2 percent and 6.5 percent, respectively. The greatest risk of

a low-birth-weight outcome continues

to be for births to teenage mothers

(8.5-13.4 percent) and to mothers aged

40 and older (8.4-10.5 percent).

The median birth weight for babies

born in 1989 was 3,370 grams (equivalent to 7 pounds 7 ounces). For births

to white mothers, the median was 3,410

grams (7 pounds 8 ounces), and for

births to black mothers, the median

was 3,160 grams (6 pounds 15 ounces),

The numbers and proportions of

low-birth-weight infants in 1989 are

shown for each State in table 14.

Between 1988 and 1989, the incidence

of low birth weight rose in 32 States

and the District of Columbia, declined

in 8 States, and was unchanged in 10

States. The increases were especially

large (8-15 percent) in the District of

Columbia, Idaho, Mississippi, South

Dakota, and Vermont. There was an

8-percent decline in Montana.

Figures by race of mother for births

to white mothers are about the same

as those for white births, In contrast,

there are considerable differences in

the figures for births to black mothers

compared with the figures for black

births, as shown in table 14.

Multiple births

The number of babies born in multiple deliveries increased 6 percent in

1989, to 92,916, compared with 87,700

in 1988. The vast majority (97.0 percent) of multiple births are twins,

90,118 in 1989 (table 15). This proportion has declined in recent years,

The ratio of multiple births per

1,000 total live births was 23.0 in 1989,

compared with 22,4 in 1988 and 22.0 in

1987. The 1989 ratio is the highest

reported in more than 30 years. Ratios

generally declined from 1958 (20.6) to

1973 (18.4) and have increased steadily

thereafter. Over the past several

decades, multiple birth ratios for black

births have consistently been higher

than for white births. In 1989 the ratio

for births to black mothers was 26.9,

and for births to white mothers it

was 22.5.

Multiple birth ratios by age of

mother vary in a predictable pattern.

The ratios peak for mothers aged 35-39

years: The ratio in 1989 was 30.5. The

ratios for other age groups varied from

11.2 for births to mothers under age

15, to 28,5 for births to mothers aged

30-34. These relationships by age of

mother are observed for births to white

and black mothers, and with few exceptions, the ratios for births to black

mothers were higher than ratios for

births to white mothers in each age

group.

The number of births in triplet

and higher order plural deliveries continued to rise substantially in 1989, to a

total of 2,798, a 17-percent increase

over the 1988 level (2,385). These births

accounted for 3,0 percent of al[ plural

births in 1989 compared with 2.7 percent in 1988.

In 1989 births in quadruplet and

quintuplet and higher order plural

deliveries were separately identified for

the first time in more than a decade.

There were 229 births in quadruplet

deliveries and 40 births in quintuplet

and higher order deliveries in 1989

(data not shown in table 15).

The steady rise in the number of

multiple births in recent years has been

associated in part with the shift in

childbearing to older ages and with the

growing use of fertility-enhancing drugs

to enable previously childless couples

to have children (9).

Births to unmarried mothers

The number of births to unmarried mothers in 1989 totaled 1,094,169,

a 9-percent increase compared with

1988 (1,005,299), and 64 percent more

than in 1980 (665,747). The nonmarital

birth rate rose to 41.8 births per 1,000

unmarried women aged 15–44 years in

1989, 8 percent higher than in 1988

(38.6) and 42 percent greater than in

1980 (29.4). This is the fifth consecutive year of increases of 5 percent or

more in these key measures of nonmarital childbearing,

During this period of substantial

increases in nonmarital childbearing,

childbearing by married women has

changed relatively little overall. The

number of births to married women in

1989, 2,946,789, is virtually unchanged

from the number reported in 1980

(2,946,511). The birth rate for married

women in 1989 was 91.3 births per

1,000 women aged 15–44, up 1 percent

from the 1988 level (90,3) but still 6

percent below the rate for 1980 (97.0).

As a consequence of the divergent

trends during the 1980’s in marital and

nonmarital childbearing, the proportion of births occurring to unmarried

women has risen rapidly, from 18.4

percent in 1980 to 27.1 percent in

1989. (Basic data are shown in tables

16 and 17,)

Births and birth rates rose considerably for white and black births to

unmarried women between 1988 and

1989 and, as in the past several years,

the increases were somewhat greater

for white than for black births, The

number of births increased 10 percent

and 7 percent, respectively, to 593,911

white births and 457,480 black births,

The nonmarital birth rates rose 10

percent for white births and 5 percent

for black births. The 1989 rates were

30.1 per 1,000 unmarried whi[e women

aged 15-44 years and 90.0 for black

women.

In the case of nonmarital births,

the change in the tabulation of births

by race to the mother’s race resulted in

3 percent more white nonmarital births

(613,543 compared with 593,91 1) and

3 percent fewer black nonmarital births

(442,395 compared with 457,480), than

when the births are tabulated by race

of child. Analysis of year-to-year

changes in nonmarital childbearing by

race of mother will be possible beginning with the 1990 data year.

Increases in birth rates were substantial for unmarried mothers in all

age groups, 9–10 percent for mothers

under 35 and 6–7 percent for mothers

aged 35 and older. Birth rates continue

to be highest for unmarried mothers

aged 18–24 years, with rates of 57–62

per 1,000. In recent years, the number

of unmarried teenagers has declined,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 9

reflecting the sharp reduction in births

that occurred during the 1970’s when

today’s teenagers were born. Thus, if

the nonmarital birth rate had not

increased in 1989 by 9 percent but had

remained at its 1988 level, there would

have been a reduction of about 7,000

nonmarital births to women aged 15–19

rather than “the increase of nearly

25,000 births that actually occurred.

Although the number of teenaged

women declined during the 1980’s (by

16 percent), the number of women

aged 20 and older rose (by 17 percent),

particularly those aged 25–44 who are

members of the baby-boom generation

(up .26 percent). Increasing proportions of these relatively older women

are unmarried. The convergence of

these population changes with the rising

rates of nonmarital childbearing among

these women has resulted in even

sharper increases in the number of

nonmarital births to women in their

twenties and older. Between 1980 and

1989, this number rose from 393,946 to

746,289, an increase of 89 percent.

Rates for white births rose in all

age groups by 8–12 percent and for

black births by 3-9 percent (except the

rate for women aged 40-44 which did

not change). The pattern of increases

was such that while increases in rates

for white and black teenage births were

fairly similar, the increases for white

births to women in age groups 20 and

older were about twice the increases

for black births to women in the same

age groups (table 17). This pattern of

much greater increase in rates for white

than for black women has been

repeated over the past several years.

Overall, the rate for white births rose

66 percent while the rate for black

births rose 12 percent between 1980

and 1989.

The incidence of nonmarital childbearing varies greatly from State to

State. The number and ratio of births

to unmarried women for each State

are presented in table 18. Figures are

shown by race of mother and by race

of child. With only three exceptions,

the rat ios per 1,000 total live births

were higher in each State in 1989 than

in 1988.

Interval since last live birth

Intervals between successive births

are calculated from the date of the last

live birth and the date of the present

birth. Beginning with the 1989 data

year, this information is avai!able for

the entire United States. Intervals

between births are calculated for all

second and higher order births

(table 19).

The proportions of births occurring after various interwals following

the mother’s previous live birth in 1989

were unchanged from the 1988 levels.

Thirteen percent of all second and

higher order births occurred within 18

months of the mother’s previous live

birth, 27 percent within 2 years, and 51

percent within 3 years.

The racial disparity in the occurrence of births at very short intervals is

substantial. In 1989, 12 percent of births

to white mothers compared with 19

percent of births to black mothers were

born within 18 months of the previous

birth.

Closely spaced births are at much

greater risk of low birth weight and

other health complications (10). The

increased health risks for these infants

are in part associated with the greater

tendency for them to occur among

young mothers and black mothers

whose babies are at greater risk of low

birth weight. For example, although

teenage mothers accounted for just 8

percent of all second births in 1989,

they accounted for 24 percent of second

births occurring within 1 1/2 years of

the mother’s previous birth. Similarly,

black women accounted for a larger

fraction of closely spaced second births

(19 percent) than of all second births

(15 percent).

Educational attainment of

mother and father

In 1989 educational attainment of

the parents was reported on the birth

certificates of 48 States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City. California and Texas provided this information for the first time in 1989. The

reporting area for 1989 is therefore

substantially different from that for

1988 and earlier years. California and

Texas, which together accounted for

22 percent of U.S. births in 1989,

include sizable proportions of recent

immigrants (11) whose educational

attainment in many cases is less than

that of the U.S.-born population. As a

consequence of this compositional

change between 1988 and 1989, the

overall educational attainment of

mothers giving birth in the United

States was less than that reported for

those giving birth in 1988 and previous

years.

In 1989,77 percent of mothers and

82 percent of fathers were reported to

be high school graduates. (Basic data

are presented in tables 20 and 21.) The

educational attainment of fathers is

overstated to the extent that the information was available mainly for married parents. When the mother is

unmarried, information on the father

is often not reported. Because nonmarital births are disproportionally to teenage

mothers, it may be assumed that the

fathers of such births are also relatively

young and have had less opportunity to

advance their education.

Seventeen percent of women giving

birth in 1989 were college graduates

compared with 18 percent in 1988.

Among mothers aged 30 and older,

33–39 percent were college graduates

in 1989. First-time mothers are even

more likely to be college graduates.

This pattern was described earlier in

the section, “Births and birth rates,”

and in a previously published report (7).

In 1989, 46 percent of first-time mothers

aged 30-34 and 52 percent of those aged

35-39 were college graduates.

Among white mothers giving birth

in 1989, 78 percent were high school

graduates and 19 percent were colIege

graduates. The comparable proportions for black mothers were 70 percent and 7 percent.

The median years of school completed by mothers aged 20 and older

increased from 12.5 years for mothers

aged 20–24 to 14.5 for mothers aged

35-39, and then fell slightly to 14.1 for

mothers aged 40 and older.

Births to Hispanic mothers

Hispanic origin of the parents was

reported on the birth certificates of 47
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991

States and the District of Columbia in

1989, an increase of 17 States compared with 1988. Only Louisiana, New

Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not

report this information in 1989. Based

on data published by the U.S. Bureau

of the Census (12) and related unpublished tabulations, it is estimated that

99 percent of the Hispanic population

resides in the 1989 reporting area.

The tabulations in this report show

births classified by the Hispanic origin

of the mother. The terms “births to

mothers of Hispanic origin” and “Hispanic origin births” are used interchangeably in the text.

The fertility of the Hispanic population remained at a very high level in

1989. The estimated fertility rate for

U.S. Hispanic women aged 15-44 years

was 104.9, 60 percent above the rate of

65.7 for non-Hispanic women. (See

tables 22–25 for births by Hispanic

origin by State, by age of mother, by

race, and estimated birth and fertility

rates and age-specific birth rates.) As

in previous years, Mexican women had

the highest fertility of any Hispanic

group, with a rate of 106.6 compared

with 86.6 for Puerto Rican women,

49,8 for Cuban women, and 95.8 for

Central and South American women.

Of the 532,249 Hispanic origin

births in 1989, 327,233 (61 percent)

were to Mexican women, 56,229 (11

percent) were to Puerto Rican women,

10,842 (2 percent) were to Cuban

women, and 72,443 (14 percent) were

to Central and South American women.

The Hispanic population is concentrated, as are the births, in a relatively

small number of States. California and

Texas accounted for 40 and 20 percent

of the U.S. Hispanic births, respectively, Other States with large numbers

of Hispanic births were New York (9

percent), Florida (5 percent), Illinois

(4 percent), New Jersey and Arizona

(3 percent each), and New Mexico

(2 percent).

The racial composition of Hispanic births has changed very little

since the data first became available in

1978. In 1989, 96.6 percent of Hispanic

births were to white mothers, 2,2 percent were to black mothers, and 1.3

percent were to mothers of other races.

There are variations in the racial distribution of the individual Hispanic

groups, as shown in table 23,

Birth rates for 1989 by age of

mother for the Hispanic population

are shown in table 24. Rates by age

have not previously been available

except for the 1980 data year (coinciding with the decennial census). These

rates show clearly that the fertility of

Hispanic women is higher than that of

non-Hispanic women at every age. The

differential is generally greatest for

teenagers and for women aged 40 and

older.

Because the necessary population

data are not available, it is not possible

to compute birth and fertility rates for

the non-Hispanic population by race,

but some comparisons can be made of

rates for Hispanic women with the

rates for all black women shown in

table 3; as noted earlier, very few Hispanic mothers are black. If rates for

Hispanic women are compared with

those for black women (tables 3 and

24), it is evident that although black

teenagers have higher fertility than Hispanic teenagers, birth rates for Hispanic women aged 20 and older are

higher than for black women and the

gap between them increases as age of

mother advances. As a consequence,

the total fertility rate for Hispanic

women (2,903.5) is considerably higher

than for black women (2,414.0), (See

section above for more discussion of

the total fertility rate.)

Birth rates by age for the individual Hispanic groups vary widely. The

rates for Mexican women are generally

comparable to those for all Hispanic

women, although the rate for Mexican

teenagers is slightly below that of all

Hispanic teenagers. The total fertility

rate for Mexican women was 2,916.5 in

1989.

The pattern of rates for Puerto

Rican women by age is quite similar to

that for black women (tables 3 and 24).

Fertility is very high for teenagers in

both groups, considerably higher than

for any other group. Childbearing for

both groups is very highly concentrated

at ages 15–29 years. At ages 30 and

older the rates begin to drop sharply

for Puerto Rican and black women.

The total fertility rate for Puerto Rican

women in 1989 was 2,421.0, nearly the

same as the rate for black women

(2,414.0).

Birth rates by age for Cuban

women under age 25 were substantially below the rates for any other

group. For example, the rate for teenagers was 25.1 per 1,000 compared

with 53.4 for non-Hispanic teenagers

and a range of 66,4–1 12.7 for other

Hispanic groups. Rates for women 25

and older were comparable to those

for Puerto Rican and non-Hispanic

women. Because rates for Cuban

women under 25 are so low, however,

their total fertility rate is correspondingly very low (1,479.0).

Birth rates for women of Central

and South American origin were particularly high for women in their twenties and for women aged 35 and older.

In contrast, rates for teenage women

were relatively low. Because the rates

were so high for women in the peak

childbearing ages, the total fertility rate

for these women was high as well

(2,683.0).

Large proportions of Eflispanic

births are to teenage mothers, (See

table 25 for 1989 data.) This reflects

the relatively high levels of birth rates

for Hispanic teenagers as well as the

relatively youthful composition of the

Hispanic population. For example, the

median age of the Mexican population

in 1989 was 23.6 years, compared with

a median of 33.2 years for the nonHispanic population (12),

In 1989, 17 percent of all Hispanic

births were to mothers under 20 years

of age, but there were wide variations

in these proportions among the various

Hispanic groups– 17–22 percent for

Mexican and Puerto Rican births compared with 7–9 percent for Cuban and

Central and South American births.

These proportions have been about

the same for many years.

As a consequence of very high

birth rates throughout the childbearing

years, Hispanic women (except Cubans)

are much more likely than white nonHispanic women to be giving birth to

their fourth or higher order child,

16 percent compared with 8 percent

(table 26).

A summary of various childbearing

characteristics by Hispanic origin of

the mother is presented in table 26.There
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~11

was little change in these characteristics

during the 1980’s. As was the case with

birth and fertility rates by Hispanic

origin, there is considerable variation

among the Hispanic groups for most

variables. Thirty-six percent of all Hispanic births were nonmarital (ranging

from 18 to 55 percent) compared with

16 percent of births to white nonHispanic mothers and 66 percent of

births to black non-Hispanic mothers.

Only 47 percent of Hispanic women

giving birth in 1989 were high school

graduates (range of 39-82 percent)

compared with 85 percent of white

non-Hispanic and 70 percent of black

non-Hispanic mothers. Forty-one percent of Hispanic women giving birth in

1989 were born in the United States

and 59 percent were foreign- or Puerto

Rican-born. There are important differentials in childbearing characteristics of native and foreign-born Hispanic

mothers (13,14).

Hispanic mothers (except Cubans)

giving birth in 1989 were much less

likely to begin prenatal care early and

much more likely to receive late or no

care than white non-Hispanic mothers.

The incidence of low birth weight

among Hispanic origin infants continues to be remarkably low (6.2 percent overall), given that Hispanic

women (except for Cuban women) have

limited educational attainment and are

unlikely to receive prenatal care early

in pregnancy, both factors that usually

have direct impact on the levels of low

birth weight. The Ievels of preterm

birth (babies born prior to 37 weeks of

gestation) among Hispanic infants are

not as favorable as those of low birth

weight.

The 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores

are an additional measure of birth outcome. (See section on Apgar scores.)

Babies born to Hispanic mothers were

generally less likely than babies born

to white or black non-Hispanic mothers

to have low l-minute Apgar scores

(scores below 7), but they were about

as likely as babies born to white nonHispanic mothers to have low 5-minute

Apgar scores.

Births of other racial and

national origin groups

The change in 1989 to tabulating

births according to the race of the

mother rather than the race of the

child has had its greatest impact on the

number and distribution of births of

races other than white and black. As

noted earlier, the change has resulted

in an increase in the number of white

births and a decrease in the number of

births in every other racial group. The

extent of the difference varies according

to the frequency of interracial parentage in each group. As shown in

table 27, the greatest numerical impact

was on the number of American Indian

births. Nearly 10,000 fewer births

occurred to American Indian mothers

than the number of births tabulated as

American Indian on the basis of the

race of the child, a 20-percent difference. The difference for Chinese,

Filipino, and other Asian births ranged

from 6 to 8 percent; for Japanese births

the difference was 18 percent. The

largest percent difference was noted

for Hawaiian births, 31 percent. This

was greater than for other groups

because all interracial births with one

Hawaiian parent were previously classified as Hawaiian, regardless of the

other parent’s race. This “Hawaiian

preference” resulted in an elevated

number of births.

A comparison of 1988 and 19S9

births tabulated by race of child indicates increases of 6–7 percent for

American Indian, Hawaiian, :ind Filipino births and 4 percent for other

Asian births. The number of Japanese

births increased very slightly and the

number of Chinese births declined by

a small amount. These changes are al[

relatively modest compared \vith those

observed between 1987 and 19SS.

Even with the tabulation of births

by race of mother, certain childbearing

patterns persist. Teenage childbearing

as measured by the proportion of births

to mothers under 2(I continues to be

uncommon for Chinese (1 percent),

Japanese (3 percent), and Filipino and

other Asian mothers (6 percent each).

In contrast, 17 percent of Hawaiian

mothers and 20 percent of American

Indian mothers were teenaged in 19S9.

These levels can be compared with 11

percent for white mothers and 23 percent for black mothers.

Births to mothers aged 30 and

older are very common among Chinese

(57 percent), Japanese (59 percent),

Filipino (46 percent), and other Asian

women (3S percent) compared with

20–21 percent of black, American

Indian, and Hawaiian women and 31

percent of white women.

The incidence of low birth weight

for births to mothers of races other

than white and black ranged from 4.9

percent for Chinese births to 7.3 percent for Hawaiian and Filipino births.

(See table 28.) These levels can be

compared with the percent for births

to white mothers, 5.7 percent, and for

births to black mothers, 13.5 percent.

Except for births to American Indian

and Hawaiian mothers, the low incidence of low birth \veight among other

racial groups is directly associated with

the relatively low proportions of

teenage births, which are at much

greater risk of low birth weight.

Month of pregnancy prenatal

care began

The proportion of mothers beginning prenatal care in the critical first

trimester of pregnancy declined slightly

from 76 percent in 1988 to 75 percent

in 1989. (See table 29 for basic data for

19S9.) There has been essentially no

change in this proportion since 1979

(except for 19S4 \vhen it was 77 percent). Prior to 1979, there were annual

increases in this proportion, from 68

percent in 1969 to 75 percent in 1978.

The proportion of mothers who

received late care beginning in the

third trimester or no care at all

remained at 6 percent as it has since

19s3.

The racial disparity in the timely

receipt of prenatal care remained substantial in 19S9: 79 percent of white

mothers compared with 60 percent of

black mothers began care in the first

trimester. The proportions receiving

late or no care were 5 percent for

white mothers and 12 percent for black

mothers. The proportions for births by

race of child were the same as by race

of mother. The 12-percent level of late

or no care for black mothers was the

highest reported since 1973.

In 1989 as in the last several years,

gains in the early receipt of prenatal

care were limited to the youngest and
12~ Monthly Vital Statktics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

oldest mothers. Some deterioration was

noted for mothers aged 20–39 years, In

1989 only 54 percent of mothers under

20 began care in the first trimester.

This proportion rose to a peak of 85

percent for women aged 30-34 years

and then fell to 78 percent for women

aged 40-49 years. Young teenage

mothers continue to be at particularly

great risk of receiving late or no care,

14 percent of mothers aged 17 and

under in 1989,

There is a strong association

between the mother’s educational

attainment and the timing of the first

visit for prenatal care (15), In 1989, 93

percent of college graduates began care

in the first trimester compared wi~h

just 51 percent of mothers with only a

grade school education, In each educational attainment category, white

mothers were more likely than black

mothers to get care early in pregnancy,

(Data are not shown in this report,)

Number of prenatal visits

The number of visits made to

obtain prenatal care was reported by

every State and the District of

Columbia in 1989. In 1988 and earlier

years, this information was not available for California. The median number

of visits made by women who had any

prenatal care was 12.0 in 1989 as it was

in 1987–88. For white mothers, the

median was 12.2 and for black mothers,

it was 10,6 visits. (Basic data for 1989

are presented in table 30,)

As would be expected, the earlier

in pregnancy that prenatal care is

begun, the more visits a woman is

likely to make. Mothers beginning care

in the first trimester made 2 1/2 times

as many visits as those beginning care

in the third trimester, 12,5 compared

with 5.0 visits. This pattern is observed

for both white and black mothers. Black

mothers have fewer visits overall primarily because they are much more

likely to begin care in the second or

third trimester and consequently to

make fewer visits,

Period of gestation

The proportion of babies born preterm, that is, at less than 37 weeks of

gestation, increased from 10.2 percent

in 1988 to 10.6 percent in 1989, the

largest annual increase in 5 years. Since

1981, this proportion has risen steadily

(except for a decline between 1983 and

1984) from 9.4 percent. (Data for 1989

are shown in table 31.)

The period of gestation is measured as the interval from the first day

of the mother’s last normal menstrual

period (LMP) and the date of birth.

With the revision of the birth certificate in 1989, an additional item of

information, the “clinical estimate of

gestation” in weeks, may be used if the

length of gestation computed from the

LMP date is inconsistent with the

reported birth weight or is not reported.

These procedures are described in

more detail in the Technical notes.

The effect of the editing procedure is to decrease slightly the proportion of preterm births, If only records

with gestations based on the LMP date

are considered, the proportion of preterm births would have been 10.7 percent rather than the 10,6 percent level

based on LMP and clinical estimate

date combined, Thus, the increase in

the incidence of preterm births reflects

a real change and is not associated

with the editing procedure.

The racial disparity in length of

gestation is substantial; in 1989, 8.8

percent of white mothers and 18.9 percent of black mothers were reported to

have preterm births. The comparable

proportions for births by race of child

were 8.8 percent for white births and

18.5 percent for black births. The incidence of preterm births rose for both

white and black infants in 19S9,

Apgar score

The Apgar score is a summary

measure developed by the late physician, Virginia Apgar, to evaluate the

newborn infant’s overall physical condition at birth. The score is a conlposite evaluation of five factors – the

infant’s heart rate, respiratory effort,

muscle tone, irritability, and color–

each of which is assigned a value of O

to 2, with a total maximum score of 10

being optimum. The scores at 1 and 5

minutes after birth were reported by

47 States and the District of Columbia

in 1989. Information was not available

for California, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The proportion of babies with high

l-minute Apgar scores (9-10) increased

in 1989 to 42.3 percent, the third consecutive year of increase. (Data for

1989 are shown in table 32.) Although

babies born to black mothers were

more likely than babies born to white

mothers to have high l-minute Apgar

scores, 44.0 percent compared with 41.8

percent, babies born to black mothers

were also more likely to have very low

scores (less than 7), 11,5 percent compared with 8,2 percent.

The 5-minute Apgar score is considered to have better long-term predictive value concerning the infant’s

health and survival chances, In 1989,

1,6 percent of all babies were reported

to have depressed 5-minute scores (less

than 7). The figures by race were 1,3

percent for births to white mothers

and 2,9 percent for births to black

mothers (table 33),

In 1989 as in previous yea:rs, there

was a predictable pattern of scores by

age of mother. Low scores were more

prevalent for births to teenage mothers

and mothers in their forties (2.0-3.2

percent) than among births to mothers

in age groups 25–29 and 30--34 (1,4

percent). This pattern was repeated

for births to white and black women,

but in each age group low scores were

relatively more frequent among births

to black women.

References

1, Ventura, SJ. Trends and variations

in first births to older women,

1970-86.National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(47),

1989,

2. Centers for Disease Control. Premurita] sexual experience il:mong

uiolescent women; United States,

197048+ MMWR 39:9~9_32 1991,

3. Henshaw SM, Koonin LM, Smith

JC. Characteristics of U.S. women

having abortions, 1987, Fam IPlann

Perspect 23(2). 1991,

4. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Fertility

of American women, June 1988.

Current population reports; series

P-20, no 436. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1989.

5. Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity

and infertility in the United States,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~13

1965-88. Advance data from vital

and health statistics; no 192. Hyattsville, Maryland: Ndtional Center for

Health Statistics. 1990.

6. Aral SO, Cates W. The increasing

concern with infertility-why now?

JAMA 250(17):2327-31. 1983.

7. Lewis CT, Ventura SJ. Birth and

fertility rates by education, 1980 and

1985. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(49).

1990.

8. Taffel SM, Placek PJ, Moien M,

Kosary CL. 1989 U.S. Cesarean section rate steadies – VBAC rate rises

to nearly one in five. Birth 18(2):

73-77.1991.

9. Eastep R. Personal communication.

Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Food and

Drug Administration. 1985.

10. Spratley E, TaffeI S. Interval

between births, United States,

1970-77, National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(39).

1981

11. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Statistical yearbook of Immigration and Naturalization Service,

1989, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, 1990.

12. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The

Hispanic population in the United

States, March 1989. Current population reports; series P-20, no 444.

Washington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 1990.

13. Ventura SJ, Taffel SM. Childbearing characteristics of U. S.- and

foreign-born Hispanic mothers.

Public Health Rep 100(6):647-52.

1985.

14. Mendoza FS, Ventura SJ, Vd]dez

B, et al. Selected measures of health

status for Mexican-American, Mainland Puerto Rican, and CubanAmerican children. JAMA 265(2):

227-232. 1991.

15. Taffel SM. Prenatal care, United

States, 1969-75. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

21(33), 1978.

16. Heuser RL. Race and ethnicity in

U.S. natality tabulations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the

American Public Health Association, Chicago, Ill. October 24, 1989.

17. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S.

population estimates by age, sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1989. Current population reports; series P-25,

no 1057. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, 19900

18. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Preliminary estimates of the population of

the United States, by age, sex, and

race, 1970 to 19S1. Current population reports; series P-25, no 917.

}Vashington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 19S2.

19. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Marital

status and living arrangements,

March 19S9. Current population

reports; series P-20, no 445. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990.

20. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The

Hispanic population in the United

States, March 1986 and 1987

(advdnce report). Current population reports; series P-20, no 416.

Washington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 1987.

21. Ber!iov B. An evaluation of California’s inferred birth statistics

for unmarried women. National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 2(97), 1985.

2~, Taffel .S~f. characteristics of American Indian and Alaska Native

births, United States, 1984. Monthly

\rital statistics report; VOI36 no 3,

suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland:

National Center for Health Statistics. 1987.

23. ~dffe[ SM. Trends in ]ow birth

weight, United States, 1975-85,

National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(48). 1989.

24. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1983 and 1984. Monthly vital

statistics report; vol 36 no 4, suppl

2. Hyattsville, Maryland: National

Center for Health Statistics. 1987.

25. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1985. Monthly vital statistics report; Yol 36 no 11, suppl.

Hyattsville, hlaryland: National

Center for Health Statistics. 1988.

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

— Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 births in

numerator or denominator)
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991

List of tables

1. Live births, birth rates, and fertility

rates, by race: United States, specified years 1940-55 and each year

1960-89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Live births by age of mother, livebirth order, and race of mother and

of child: United States, 1989 . . . . .

3. Birth rates by age of mother, livebirth order, and mce of mother and

of child: United States, 1989 . . . . .

4. Total fertility rates and birth rates

by age of mother and race: United

States, 1970-89 ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Birth rates by live-birth order and

race: United States, 1970 and

1980-89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Live births by race of mother and of

child, birth rates, and fertility rates:

United States, each division and

State, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Live births by sex and sex ratio, by

race: United States, 1980-89 . . . . .

8. Live births by race of mother and

observed and seasonally adjusted

birth and fertility rates, by month:

United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . ., ,

9. Average number of live births and

index of occurrence, by day of week:

United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Live births by attendant, place of

delivery, and race of mother and of

child: United States, 1989. . . . . . . .

11. Live births by age of fi~ther and of

mother and race of father and of

child: United States, 1989. . . . . , . .

12. Birth rates by age of father and

race: United States, 1985-89 . . . . .

13. Number and percent low birth

weight and live births by birth

weight, age of mother, and race of

mother and of child: United States,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14, Number and percent of births of

low birth weight, by race of mother

and of child: United States and each

15 State, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15. Live births by plurality of birth, age

of mother, and race of mother:

16 United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

16. Numbers, rates, and ratios of births

to unmarried women, by age of

18 mother and race of mother and of

child: United States, 1989. ., . . . . .

17. Birth rates for unmarried women by

20 age of mother and race: United

States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-89 . . .

18. Number and ratio of births to

22 unmarried women, by race of

mother and of child: United States

and each State, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . .

19. Live births by interval since last live

23 birth, live-birth order, and race of

mother: United States, 1989. . . . . .

9A 20. Live births by educational attainL-t

24 21

24

25 22

26

27 z3,

ment and race of mother and of

father: Total of 48 reporting States,

the District of Columbia, and New

York City, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by educational attainmerit of mother, ageofmother, and

race of mother and of child: Total

of 48 reporting States, the District

of Columbia, and New York City,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 47

reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of

live births by race of mother and of

child, according to Hisptmic origin

of mother: Total of 47 reporting

States and the District of Columbia,

28 1989 . . >. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Estimated birth and fertility rates

and birth rates byage and Hispanic

origin of mother: United States,

30 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25. Live births by age and Hispanic

origin of mother and by race of

mother for mothers of non31 Hispanic origin: Total of 47 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26. Percent of births with selected char31 acteristics, by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic origin:

32 Total of 47 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1989 . . . . . . .

27. Live births by age of mother and

specified race of mother and of

34

child: United States, 1989, . . . . . . .

28. Live births by birth weight and percent low birth weight, by specified

race of mother and of child: United

35 States, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29. Live births by month of pregnancy

prenatal care began, age of mother,

and race of mother and of child:

United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

35 30. Live births by month of pregnancy

prenatal care began, number of prermtal visits, and race of mother and

of child: United States, 1989 . . . . .

31. Live births by period of gestation,

birth weight, and race of mother

36 and of child: United States: 1989. ,

32. Live births by 1- and 5-minute Apgar

scores and race of mother and of

child: Total of 47 reporting States

and the District of Columbia, 1989.

38 33. Live births by5-nlinute Apgar5c0re,

age of mother, and race of mother

and of child: Total of 47 repc)rting

States and the District of Columbia,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

39

40

40

41

42

43

45

47

49

51
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~15

Table 1. Live births, birth rates, and fertility rates, by race: United States, specified years 1940-55 and each year 1960-89

[Birth rates are live births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years in specified group.

Population enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to

nonresidents of the United States]

Number Birth rate FerWfy rafe

All

All other

All

A// other

All

All other

Year races White Total Black races White Total Black races White Total Black

Registered birlhs

Race of mother

1989 . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989 . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . .,.,....,

1985 . ...,,,..,

1984’ ..,,,,..,

1983’ .,,......

1982’ .,,,,,...

1981’ .,.,,,,.,

1980’ ..,.,.,..

1979’ .,..,,,,,

1978’ ..,,....,

1977’ .,.......

1978’, . . . . . . . .

1975’, ,. . . . . . .

1974’ ..,......

1973’ ..,.....,

1972’ .,,,.....

19712 ..,,....,

19702 . . . . . . . . .

19892 . . . . . . . . .

19682, . . . . . . . .

19673, .,.....,

19662, . . . . . . . .

19652, . . . . . . . .

1984 Z .,......,

19632’4. . . . . . . . .

19622’4. . . . . . . . .

19612, . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . .

Births adjusted for

underregistration

Race of child:

1955 .,..,.,,,.

1950 . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . .,,.,,...

. .

. .

. .

. .

.

.

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

.

. .

.,

.,

. .

. .

.

,.

.

,!

!.

,.

. .

.

. .

4,040,958

4,040,958

3,909,510

3,809,394

3,756,547

3,760,561

3,669,141

3,638,933

3,680,537

3,629,236

3,812,258

3,494,398

3,333,279

3,326,632

3,167,788

3,144,196

3,159,958

3,136,965

3,258,411

3,555,970

3,731,386

3,600,206

3,501,564

3,520,959

3,606,274

3,760,358

4,027,490

4,096,020

4,167,362

4,268,326

4,257,650

4,097,000

3,632,000

2,858,000

2,559,000

3,192,355

3,131,991

3,046,162

2,992,466

2,970,439

2,991,373

2,923,502

2,904,250

2,942,054

2,908,669

2,896,732

2,808,420

2,881,116

2,691,070

2,567,614

2,551,996

2,575,792

2,551,030

2,655,558

2,919,746

3,091,264

2,993,614

2,912,224

2,922,502

2,993,230

3,123,860

3,369,160

3,326,344

3,394,068

3,600,864

3,600,744

3,465,000

3,106,000

2,471,000

2,199,000

848,803

908,967

863,348

616,906

766,108

769,188

745,639

734,663

738,463

720,569

713,526

685,976

652,163

635,562

600,174

592,202

584,166

585,935

602,853

636,224

640,122

606,592

569,340

596,457

613,044

636,498

658,330

638,928

641,580

667,462

657,106

613,000

524,000

388,000

360,000

673,124

709,395

671,976

641,567

621,221

608,193

592,745

586,027

592,641

567,797

589,616

577,855

551,540

544,221

514,479

511,561

507,162

512,597

531,329

564,960

572,362

543,132

531,152

543,976

558,244

581,126

607,556

560,656

584,610

611,072

602,264

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

16.3

16.3

15.9

15.7

15.6

15.8

15.5

15.5

15.9

15.8

15.9

15.6

15.0

15.1

14.6

14.6

14.8

14.8

15,6

17.2

18.4

17.9

17,6

17.8

18.4

19.4

21.1

21.7

22.4

23.3

23.7

25,0

24.1

20.4

19.4

15.3

15.0

14.7

14.5

14.5

14.8

14.5

14.6

14.9

14.8

14.9

14.5

14.0

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.8

14.5

16.1

17.4

16.9

16.6

16.8

17,4

16,3

20,0

20.7

21.4

22.2

22.7

23.8

23.0

19.7

18.6

21.6

23.1

22.5

21.7

21.4

21.4

21.2

21.3

21.9

22.0

22.5

22.2

21.6

21.6

20.6

21.0

21.2

21.7

22.8

24.6

25.1

24.5

24.2

25.0

26,1

27,6

29.2

29,7

30.5

31.6

32.1

34.5

33.3

26.5

26.7

22.0

23.1

22.2

21.6

21.2

21.1

20.8

20.9

21.4

21,6

22.1

22.0

21,3

21,4

20.5

20.7

20.8

21.4

22.5

24.4

25.3

24.4

24.2

25.1

26.2

27.7

29.5

. . .

. . .

. . .

31.9

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

69.2

69.2

67.2

65.7

65.4

66,2

65,4

65.8

67,3

67.4

66.4

67.2

65.5

66,8

65.0

66.0

67.8

66.8

73.1

81.6

87.9

86.1

85.2

87.2

90.8

96.3

104.7

106.3

112.0

117.1

116.0

118.3

106.2

65,9

79,9

66.0

64.7

63.0

62.0

61.9

63.0

62.2

62.4

63.9

63.9

64.7

63.4

61.7

63.2

61.5

62.5

64.2

64.9

68.9

77.3

64.1

82,2

81.3

62.8

86.2

91.3

99.8

103.6

107.5

112.3

113.2

113.7

102.3

83.4

77.1

64.6

90.6

67.5

84.4

83.0

83.2

82.5

83,2

85.5

66,4

88.6

86.5

87.0

87,7

85.8

87.7

89.8

93.4

99.5

109.1

113.0

111.6

111.9

117.1

123.5

131.9

140.0

143.7

147,8

153.0

153,6

154,3

137.3

106.0

102,4

65.8

90.4

66.6

63.8

82.4

82.2

81.4

61.7

84.1

85.4

68.1

68.3

86.7

88.1

85.8

87.9

69.7

93.6

99.9

109,7

115,4

112,1

112,7

118,5

124.7

133,2

142.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

153.5

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

‘Baaed on 100 percent of broths m selected Stales and on a 50-percent sample of brfhs m all other States: see Techncal no:es.

28aaed on a 50-percent sample of b!rths,

3Based on a 20-10 50-percent sample of births.

4Ftgures by race exclude data for New Jersey,
Table 2. Live births by age of mother, Iive-b!Rh order, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Live-birth order and race

All races . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth childandover.

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child

Secondchild . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child. .

Fifthchild . . . . . .:”:.

Sixthchlld . . . .

Seventhchlld. . .

Eighth chdd and over.

Notstated . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . .

Flrstchild . . . . . . . . . .

Second child

Thirdchdd . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

Black’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . .

!+thchild. . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthcfrild . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child. . . .

Eighth child and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

A// ages

4,040,958

1,648,303

1,300,371

657,558

249,785

91,415

37,393

16,740

16,980

22,413

3,192,355

1,322,149

1,049,754

513,250

183,430

62,289

24,370

10,538

10,584

16,011

848,603

326,154

250,817

144,308

66,355

29,128

13,023

6,202

6,416

8,402

673,124

254,855

197,083

118,206

54,882

23,529

10,086

4,601

4,341

5,581

Ageofmother

Under

7s-79years

1.2 1.3

years Total years

.- .- 16 17 18 19 20–24 2%29 30-34 35-39

years years years years years years years years

11,486

11,006

369

19

3

—

—

89

4,630

4,432

139

7

1

—

—

51

6,856

6,574

230

12

2

38

6,560

6,294

216

10

2

38

506,503

383,113

97,760

19,815

3,176

417

50

18

8

2,146

340,472

268,824

59,374

9,562

1,200

132

24

8

5

1,343

166,031

114,289

38,386

10,253

1,976

285

26

10

3

803

150,699

35:307

9,488

1,841

253

25

8

2

752

26,730

24,794

1,729

99

7

2

—

—

99

13,869

13,166

628

29

3

1

—

42

12,861

11,828

1,101

70

4

1

—

57

12,048

10,890

1,040

62

3

1

—

—

52

57,279

50,310

6,116

567

35

6

4

1

240

34,133

31,090

2,717

172

8

2

1

1

142

23,146

19,220

3,399

395

27

4

3

98

21,412

17,725

3,203

360

25

3

3

93

97,035

79,140

15,163

2,095

200

22

2

1

2

410

63,734

54,593

8,009

798

65

12

1

1

255

33,301

24,547

7,154

1,297

135

10

1

1

1

155

30,372

22,229

6,647

1,216

130

7

1

142

I44,350

107,441

29,568

5,775

835

85

10

6

1

629

99,302

78,137

17,819

2,618

288

27

4

3

406

45,048

29,304

11,749

3,157

547

58

6

3

1

223

40,868

26,277

10,866

2,943

511

50

6

3

1

211

181,109

121,428

45,184

11,279

2,099

302

34

10

5

768

129,434

91,838

30,201

5,945

836

90

18

4

4

498

51,675

29,590

14,983

5,334

1,263

212

16

6

1

270

45,999

25,902

13,551

4,907

1,172

192

15

5

1

254

1,077,598

508,864

360,064

144,126

43,633

11,734

2,859

677

287

5,354

824,189

411,453

277,801

99,074

25,266

5.538

1,113

240

133

3,571

253,409

97,411

82,263

45,052

18,387

6,196

1,746

437

154

1,783

215,557

79,508

70,975

39,791

16,260

5,442

1,494

378

120

1,589

1,263,096

457,357

446,506

227,443

82,142

27,511

9,835

3,479

1,908

6,917

1,040,659

390,939

375,981

182,137

60,424

17,825

5,700

1,717

824

5,112

222,439

66,418

70,525

45,308

21,718

9,686

4,135

1,762

1,084

1,805

167,260

43,053

53,884

37,389

18,005

7,917

3,282

1,377

631

1,542

842,395

218,432

298,521

188,144

78,736

30,834

13,332

6,010

5,061

5,325

702,963

187,239

252,831

157,523

62,672

22,800

9,156

3,858

2,860

4,024

139,432

31,193

43,690

30,621

16,064

8,034

4,176

2,152

2,201

1,301

94,766

17,524

27,650

22,891

12,760

6,292

3,176

1,582

1,590

1,101

293,878

61,328

88,942

68,599

35,807

16,923

8,858

4,914

6,386

2,121

242,467

52,470

75,082

57,220

28,764

12,894

6,533

3,525

4,385

1,574

51,411

8,858

13,860

11,379

7,023

4,029

2,325

1,389

2,001

547

32,845

4,740

7,961

7,582

5,184

3,019

1,695

953

1,253

458

4044 4549

years years

44,401

7,981

10,015

9,177

6,096

3,821

2,323

1,543

3,016

429

35,795

6,622

8,387

7,543

4,923

2,965

1,746

1,125

2,171

313

8,606

1,359

1,628

1,634

1,173

856

577

418

845

116

5,236

685

870

1,047

791

580

379

292

497

95

1,599

222

194

235

192

175

136

99

314

32

1,180

170

159

184

160

135

98

65

186

23

419

52

35

51

32

40

38

34

128

9

201

28

20

28

19

26

15

11

48

6
Race of child

White..............

Firstchdd...........

.%condchlld.........

Thirdchdd...........

Fourthchild..........

Fifth child...........

Sixth child...........

Seventhchdd.........

Eighth chdd and over...

Notstated...........

Another............

Firstchdd...........

Secondchild.........

Thlrdchdd...........

Fourthch[ld..........

Fithchid...........

S[xthchtd...........

Seventhchdd........

Erghthchlld and over...

Nolstated...........

Black’.............

F]rstchdd...........

Secondchild.........

Thmdchlld...........

Fourthchlld..........

Ffthchdd...........

S}xthchlld...........

.%venthchdd........

E[ghthchtld andover...

Notstated...........

3,131,991

1,296,452

1,031,252

503,570

179,568

60,922

23,808

10,327

10,403

15,689

908,967

351,851

269,119

153,988

70,217

30,493

13,585

6,413

6,577

6,724

709,395

270,439

207,902

123,951

57,291

24,345

10,448

4,719

4,454

5,846

4,527

4,332

13671

51

6,959

6,674

233

122

38

6,640

6,374

216

102

38

331,204

261,747

57,562

9,257

1,160

128

2375

1,315

175,299

121,366

40,198

10,558

2,016

289

27

113

831

156,969

107,768

36,573

9,687

1,877

253

2592

775

13,517

12,833

609

2931

42

13,213

11.961

1,120

7041

57

12,294

11,121

1,055

6231

52

33,236

30,274

2,643

168821

139

24,043

20,036

3,473

399

2743

101

22,015

18,277

3,250

362

2533

95

62,080

53,210

7,765

780

62

1211

249

34,955

25,930

7,398

1,315

138

10111

161

31,476

23,152

6,813

1,222

13471—

147

96,567

76,055

17,278

2,523

281

2743

396

47,783

31,386

12,290

3,252

554

58631

233

42,702

27,639

11.259

3,008

516

50631

220

125,804

89,375

29,267

5,757

806

86

1734

489

55,305

32,053

15,917

5,522

1,293

216

177

279

48,482

27,579

14,196

5,033

1,199

192

1561

261

402,636

271,698

96,608

24,591

5,391

1,076

238

132

3,486

271,542

106,028

86,366

47,518

19,042

6,343

1,783

439

155

1,868

227,099

85,002

74,765

41,407

16,707

5,542

1,516

379

122

1,659

1,024,006

385,236

370,432

178,854

59,067

17,401

5,533

1,673

805

5,005

239,092

72,121

76,074

48,589

23,075

10,110

4,302

1,806

1,103

1,912

176,748

46,131

56,988

39,300

18,862

8,183

3,402

1,402

849

1,631

691,735

184,244

249,240

155,030

61,443

22,316

8,936

3,771

2,804

3,951

150,660

34,188

47,281

33,114

17,293

8,518

4,396

2,239

2,257

1,374

100,906

19,062

29,746

24,266

13,512

6,576

3,325

1,628

1,627

1,164

238,202

51,420

73,821

56,244

28,308

12,651

6,420

3,463

4,326

1,549

55,676

9,908

15,121

12,355

7,499

4,272

2,438

1,451

2,060

572

35,191

5,301

8,629

8,115

5,465

3,151

1,772

990

1,292

476

35,111

6,471

8,215

7,391

4,841

2,904

1,725

1,110

2,145

309

9,290

1,510

1,800

1,786

1,255

917

598

433

871

120

5,633

773

962

1,137

847

612

391

300

514

97

1,150

166

148

179

157

131

95

65

186

23

449

56

46

56

35

44

41

34

1289

209

28

23

29

19

26

17

11

486

‘Includedm Allolher
18~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

Table 3. Birth rates by age of mother, Iive-biflh order, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

[Rates are iive births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of mother

15-79 years

15-44 10-74 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

Live-birth order and race years’ years Total years years years years years years years years

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourlh child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth and seventh child. . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . . .

Race of mother

White, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child........,....,..

Sixth and seventh child. . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . ,

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth and seventh child. . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hflh child . . . . . . . ...<...<.

Sixth andseventhchlld. . . . . . . .

Eighth childand over, . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fkstchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thlrdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slxthand seventh child. . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchlld, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foudh child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child

Sixth andseven;hchild: :::::::

Eighth child and over. . . . . .

See footnotes al end of table.

69.2

28.4

22.4

11,3

4.3

1.6

0.9

0.3

66.0

27.5

21.8

10.7

3.6

1.3

0.7

0.2

84.6

32.7

25.2

14.5

6.7

2.9

1.9

0.6

65.8

32.7

25.3

15.2

7.1

3.0

1.9

0.6

64.7

26.9

21.4

10.5

3.7

1,3

0,7

0.2

90,6

35<3

27.0

15.5

7.1

3.1

2.0

0.7

1.4

1.3

0.0

*

*

*

●

●

0.7

0.7

0.0

●

*

●

●

*

4.1

4.0

0.1

*

*

*

*

*

5.0

4.8

0.2

*

*

*

*

*

0.7

0.7

0.0

*

*

*

*

*

4.2

4.0

0.1

*

*

*

*

*

58.1

44.1

11.3

2.3

0.4

0,0

0.0

*

46.5

36.5

8.5

1.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

●

97.4

67.4

22.6

6.0

1.2

0,2

0.0

*

110.4

75.8

26.0

7.0

1,4

0,2

0.0

*

47,2

37.5

8.2

1.3

0.2

0.0

0.0

*

102.6

71.5

23,7

6.2

1.2

0.2

0.0

*

36.5

31,3

4.7

0.6

0,0

0.0

●

*

26.3

25.1

2.9

0,3

0.0

●

*

*

69.2

55.6

11.7

1,6

0.2

*

●

*

80.0

64.0

13.7

2.1

0.2

●

●

*

27.5

24.4

2.8

0.2

0.0

*

●

.

72.1

58.1

12.0

1,8

0,2

●

*

*

864

61.0

199

4.5

0.8

0.1

0.0

*

74.7

55.7

15.7

2,8

0,4

0,0

0.0

*

137.4

64.1

38.2

12,1

2,6

0,4

0.0

●

153.2

92.5

43,3

13,9

3.0

0.4

0.1

*

72.6

54.2

15.3

2,7

0.4

0.0

0.0

*

146.4

90.6

40.3

12.5

2.6

0,4

0.0

*

115.4

54.8

38.8

15.5

4.7

1.3

0.4

0.0

108,0

54.2

36.6

13.0

3.3

0.7

0.2

0.0

148,5

57.5

48.6

26.6

10.8

3.7

1.3

0.1

157.1

58.4

52.1

29.2

11.9

4.0

1<4

0.1

105.7

53.0

35.8

12,7

3s2

0.7

0.2

0.0

159.2

62.6

52.2

28.0

11.2

3.7

1,3

0.1

116.6

42.4

41.4

21.1

7.6

2.6

1,2

0.2

116.1

43.8

42.2

20,4

6.8

2,0

0.8

0.1

118.7

35.7

37.9

24,4

11.7

5.2

3.2

0.6

112.6

29.3

36.6

25.4

12.2

5.4

3.2

0.6

114.3

43.2

41,5

20,1

6,6

2.0

0.8

0.1

127.6

38.6

40.9

26.1

12.4

5.4

3.3

0.6

76.2

19.9

27.0

17.1

7,2

2.8

1.6

0.5

76.6

20.5

27,7

17,3

6.9

2.5

1.4

0.3

74.4

16,8

23.5

16.5

8.8

4.3

3.4

1.2

65.1

12,2

19,4

15.9

8.9

H

1.1

75.3

20.2

27.3

17.0

6,7

2,4

1.4

0.3

80.4

18.4

25.4

17,8

9.3

4.6

3.8

1.2

29.7

6.2

9.1

7.0

3.6

i .7

1.4

0.7

29.3

6.4

9.1

7.0

3.5

1,6

1.2

0.5

32.0

5.6

8.7

7.2

4,4

2.5

2,3

1.3

26.8

3.9

6.6

6.3

4.3

2.5

2.2

1.0

28.6

6.2

9.0

6<6

3<4

1,5

1.2

0.5

34.7

6.2

9.5

7.6

4,7

2.7

2.4

1.3

5,2

0.9

1.2

1.1

0.7

0.4

0,5

0.4

4.9

0.9

1.2

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

6,6

1.1

1.3

1.3

0,9

0.7

0.8

0.7

5.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.5

4.8

0.9

1.1

1,0

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

7.3

1.2

1,4

1.4

1,0

0.7

0.8

0,7

0.2

0.0

0.0

0,0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0,0

0,0

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0,0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~19

Table 3. Birth rates by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989-Con.

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group, Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of mother

15-19 years

1544 10-14 15-17 18-19 20-24 25–29 30-34 35-39 40-44 4549

Live-birth order and race years’ years Total years years years years years years years years

BlackZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 5.0 115.0 82.4 160.8 165.5 119.0 69.4 28.7 6.0 0.3

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 4.9 79.3 66.1 97.9 62.4 31.4 13.3 4.4 0.6 0.0

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,7 0.2

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.9 14.0 45.1 54.9 36.7 20.7 7.1 1.0 0.0

15.9 *7.1 2.1 14.3 30.4 26.7 16.9 6.7 1.2 0.0

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 ●

1.4 0.2 3.0 12.3 12.6 9.4 4.5 0.9 0.0

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 *

0.2 * 0.4 4.1 5.6 4.6 2.6 0.7 0.0

SMhandse venthchild. . . . . . . . 2.0 *

0.0 *

0.1 1.4 3.3 3.4 2.3 0.7 0.0

Eighth childand over. . . . . . . . . 0.6 * * ● * 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.1

'Rates computed byrelating total bltihs, regardless OfageOf mother, to women aged 15-44 years.

21ncludedin All other.
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-89

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified group,

enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

Total

15-19 years

ferfllity 10-74 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35–39 40-44 45–49

Year and race rate years Total years years years years years years years years

Allraces

1989, , . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 ., ., . ...,.....

1987, ., .,, ,, .,,.,.

1988, ., .,, ,, . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’, ., . . . . . . . . . .

1983’, ,,, . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . ...<...

1981’, . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . ., ..,....,.

1979’, .,,,,.,.,,,.

1978’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977’ . . . . ..<......

1978’, , ., .,.,,,.,.

1975’, ,, ., ..,,,..,

1974’, ,,, ,., ,,, .,.

1973’ .,, ,, !,,,,.,,

1972’, .,, ,,, ,, ...,

1971* .,, ,,, ,, .,.,,

19702 .,, ,,, ,., ,., ,

White

Race of mother:

1989, ,,, , ...,,....

Race of child:

1989, , ., .,, ,,, ,., ,

1988, ,, .,,,,.,,,,,

1987, ,,, ,,, ,,,,,,,

1986, ,,, ,,, ,,,,.,,

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’, ., ,., ,,,,,.

1983’, ., .,, ,,,,,,

1982’, ,,, ,,, ,,,,.,

1981’, , ..,,,,,,,,,

1980’, ,,, ,,,,., ,,

1979’, ,,, ,,,,,

1978’, ,,,..,. . .

1977’ .,,,,, ,....,

1976’, ,,, ,. ..,,.,,

1975’ .,,,,, ,,.,,,

1974’ .,,..,.,.,,,.

1973’, ,, .,...,,,.,

1972’, , .,.,..,,,..

19712, ,,, ,,, ,,,.,.

19702 .,,,,.,,..,.,

See footnotes at end of table.

2,014.0 14

,932.0 1.3

,871,0 1,3

,836.0 13

,842,5 1.2

,805.5 1,2

,802,5 1,1

,828.5 1,1

,815,0 1,1

1,839.5

1,806.0

1,760.0

1,789.5

1,738.0

1,774,0

1,835,0

1,879.0

2,010.0

2,266,5

2,480,0

1,921,5

1,685.0

1,814,0

1,766.5

1,741.5

1,754.0

1,7185

1,717,5

1,742,0

1,726.0

1,748,5

1,715,5

1,667,5

1,703.0

1,652.0

1,686.0

1,748,5

1,783,0

1,906.5

2,160,5

2,385.0

1.1

12

1,2

1.2

1.2

1,3

12

1,2

12

1,’1

1,2

0,7

07

0.6

06

06

0.6

0.6

0,8

06

05

06

06

06

0,6

06

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0,5

0.5

581

536

511

506

51.3

509

51,7

52,9

52.7

530

523

51,5

52,8

52.8

558

575

59.3

61.7

64.5

68.3

48,5

47,2

43,7

41,9

418

42,8

425

43,6

44,6

44.6

447

437

42,9

441

44,1

46,4

47,9

49,0

51,0

536

57.4

36.5

33,8

31,8

30.6

31,1

31.1

32.0

32.4

32,1

32.5

32.3

32.2

33,9

34,1

36.1

37.3

38.5

39.0

38,2

38.8

283

27,5

25.5

24.1

23.4

24.0

23,9

24,8

25,2

25,1

252

24,7

24.9

26.1

26.3

28.0

28.7

29.2

29.3

28,5

29,2

86,4

61.7

S0,2

61.0

80.8

78.3

78.1

80.7

81.7

82,1

61.3

79,8

80,9

80.5

85,0

86.7

91.2

96.9

105,3

114,7

74,7

72,6

69.2

68.6

69,8

70,1

68.1

68.3

70,8

71,9

72,1

71,0

69.4

70,5

70,2

74,0

77,3

79.3

84.3

92.3

fol,5

115,4

111,5

108,9

108,2

108,9

107,3

108.3

111,3

111.8

115.1

112,8

109.9

112.9

110,3

113,0

117,7

119.7

130.2

150,1

167.8

108,0

105,7

102,5

101,1

101.5

102,8

101,4

102,6

105,9

106,3

109,5

107,0

104,1

107,7

105,3

1062

113,0

114.4

1248

144.9

163,4

116.6

113,4

110,8

109.2

110.5

108.3

108.7

111,0

112.0

112,9

111,4

108,5

111,0

106,2

106.2

111,5

112,2

117,7

134.1

145,1

116.1

114.3

111,6

109,5

108.3

110.0

107,7

108,0

110,3

111,3

112,4

110,8

107.9

110,9

105.9

108,1

111.8

112.3

117.4

134.0

145.9

76,2

73.7

71.3

69.3

68.5

66.5

64.6

64.2

61.4

61,9

60,3

57.8

56.4

53.6

52.3

53.8

55.6

59.8

67.3

73,3

76.6

75.3

72.9

70,8

68.9

68,1

66.1

64,0

63.3

60.2

60.4

59,0

56.6

55.3

52.6

51,3

52.9

54.4

58.4

65.4

71.9

29.7 5.2

27.9 4,8

26.2 4,4

24.3 4.1

23.9 4.0

22.8 3.9

22,1 3.8

21.1 3.9

20.0 3.8

19,8 3.9

19,5 3.9

19.0 3.9

19.2 4,2

19,0 4.3

19,5 4,6

20,2 4.8

22,1 5.4

24,8 6,2

28.7 7.1

31.7 5.1

29.3 4,9

28.8 4,8

26.9 4,4

25.2 4,0

23.3 3.7

22,7 3.6

21.7 3,5

21,0 3,5

20.0 3,5

18.7 3.4

18.5 3.4

18.3 3.5

17,7 3.5

18.0 3.8

17,8 3.9

18,2 4,2

18,9 4.4

20.7 4,9

23.3 5.6

26.9 6.4

30.0 7.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0,2

0.2

0<2

0<2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0,4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0,2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~21

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-89– Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified group,

enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15– 19 years

Total

feriilify 10-14 15-17 18–19 20-24 25–29 30-34

Year and race

3S39

rate Total

4044 45-49

years years years years years years years years years

All other

Race of mothen

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’, .,,.,,...,..

1982’ .,, . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’. . . . . . . . . .

1979’, , . . . . . . . . . . .

1978’, , . . . . . . . . . . .

1977’, .,.......,..

1976’, . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975’, . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974’ ., ., ..,,,,...

1973’ . ., . ...,,....

1972’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702, ., ., .,,.....

Black3

Race of mother:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989 ..,.,......,..

1988, ,, . . . . . . . . . . .

1967, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ ..,......,,..

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . ., !,, . . . . . . .

1980’ ...,......,..

1979’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976’, . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975’, , . . . . . . . . . . .

1974’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . .,, . . . . . . . . .

2,411.5

2,583.0

2,462.5

2,349.0

2,281.5

2,263.0

2,223.5

2,225.0

2,265.0

2,274.5

2,323.0

2,309.5

2,264.5

2,278.5

2,222.5

2,276.0

2,336.5

2,443.0

2,627.5

2,919.5

3,066.7

2,414.0

2,544,5

2,402,0

2,294,0

2,227.0

2,196.0

2,153.5

2,150.5

2,186.5

2,206.0

2,266.0

2,263.2

2,218.0

2,251.0

2,187.0

2,243.0

2,298.5

2,411,0

2,601.0

2,902.0

3,098.7

4.1

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.7

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.9

4,1

4,0

4.3

4.3

4.7

4.6

5.0

4.7

4.7

4,8

5.0

5.0

4.8

4,7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.2

97.4

102.8

95.3

90.9

89.7

89.7

89.0

89.3

91.5

91.8

94.9

96.5

96.0

99.5

99.9

106.4

111.3

117.5

123,8

126,5

133.4

110.4

115.0

105.9

100.3

98,1

97.4

95.7

95.5

97.0

97.1

100.0

101.7

100.9

104.7

104.9

111.8

116.5

123.1

129,8

134.5

140,7

69.2

72.1

87.6

64.7

62.7

62.9

63.3

64.2

65.6

65.2

68.3

70.5

70.4

74.8

75.5

80.5

84.9

90.5

93.8

94.0

95.2

80.0

82.4

76.6

72.9

70.0

69.8

69.7

70,1

71.2

70.6

73.6

75.7

75.0

79.6

80.3

85.6

90.0

96.0

99.5

99.4

101,4

137.4

146.4

137.4

131.2

130.9

128.7

124.8

123.9

128.2

130,8

133.2

134.9

134.4

136.8

137.2

146.1

153.1

160.9

173.3

185.6

195.4

153.2

160.8

150,5

142.2

141.0

137.1

132.0

130.4

133.3

135.9

138.8

140.4

139.7

142.9

142.5

152.4

156.7

166.6

179.5

192.6

204.9

146.5

159.2

152.3

145.4

140.4

138.5

136.4

136.8

139.3

140.8

145.0

144.3

142.1

142.3

138.9

141.0

145.5

151.6

163.4

184.0

196.8

157.1

165.5

157,5

149.5

143.7

140.8

137.9

137.7

139.1

141.2

146,3

146.3

143.8

144.4

140.5

142.8

146.7

153.1

165.0

186,6

202.7

118.7

127.6

122.3

117.3

113.8

113.5

111.5

112.1

114.9

115.9

115.5

114.6

111.9

111.5

107.6

106.7

109.5

111.2

119.3

134.6

140.1

112.6

119.0

112.8

109.0

105.9

105.1

103.2

103.4

106.9

108.3

109.1

108.2

105.4

106.4

101.6

102.2

102.2

103.9

112.4

128.0

136.3

74.4

80.4

77.8

73.8

71.5

70.3

68.5

68.4

69.0

68.5

70,8

68.3

65.2

63.4

59.5

58.8

59.9

83.2

68.9

79.3

62.5

65.1

69.4

66.0

63.5

62.2

60.7

59.5

59,2

60.4

60,4

62.9

60.7

56.3

57.5

53.6

53.1

54.1

56.1

64.0

74.6

79.6

32.0

34.7

33.4

31,5

30.3

30.5

29.2

26.6

28.0

27.6

27.9

27.3

26.9

27,3

26,9

27.6

28,8

30.9

34.8

40.2

42.2

26.8

28.7

27.5

26.3

25,5

25.5

24.8

24.7

24.4

24.2

24.5

24.7

24.3

25.4

24,8

25,6

27.0

29.4

33.4

36.9

41.9

6.6

7.3

7.0

6.5

6.3

5.9

6,0

5.9

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.9

6.9

7.5

7.6

8,6

9.9

11,7

12,6

5.5

60

56

5.3

5.1

4.9

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.1

6,6

6,8

7.5

7.6

8.6

9,8

11,6

12,5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0,4

0.5

0,5

0,5

0.5

0.6

0,7

0.9

0.9

0.3

03

0.3

0.2

0.3

0,3

02

03

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

05

05

06

06

07

09

10

‘8asedon 100 percent of birlhs In selected States and on a50-percent eampleof b!rths In all other StateS see Technical no!es.

28ased on a 50-percenl sample of b!rlha.

31ncluded In Afl other.
22 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 5. Birth rates by live-birth order and race: United States, 1970 and 1980-89

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years, enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other

years. Figures for live-birth order not stated are distributed]

L[ve-bhth order

Year and race Tots/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All races

1989, , .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 .,, , . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

1986 .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 .,,.,,...,......!,.,,. .

1984’ .,,.....,.,......,,,.

1983’, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ ..,,..,<,,,..,...,,,,.

1981’ .,,.....,,,,....,,,, . .

1960’ .,,...,.,,,......,,, . .

19702 .,,...,.,,,...,.,,,., .

White

Race of mothec

1989, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989, , ..,,.,,....,,,,, . . . .

1966, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987, . ., . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ ., . .,, ., ...,,,.,. . . .

1983’ .,.,,......,,,.,.. ..,,

1982’ ., .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,..

All other

Race of mothec

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1969, ...,,.,,.......,,, .,..

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 ...,..,,.......,,. . . . .

1985 .,....,,.....,.,,. . . . . .

1964’ ., . .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ ...,,,......,,.. . . . .

1980’ ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,

Black3

Race of mother

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,..

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,..

19s5 .,, .,, .,, ,. . . . . . . ,,,,..

1984’,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s3’, ., ., . .,, ,. . . . . . . ,,,,.

1982’.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,..

1980’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,.

69.2

67.2

65.7

65.4

66.2

65,4

65.8

67.3

67.4

68.4

87.9

28.4

27,6

27.2

27.2

27.6

27.4

27.8

28.6

29.0

29.5

34.2

22.4

22,0

21.6

21,6

22.0

21.7

21.5

22.0

21.6

21.8

24.2

11.3

10.9

10.5

10,3

10.4

10,1

10.1

10.2

10.2

10,3

13,6

4.3

4,1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

7.2

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1,4

1.5

1.5

3.8

0.9

0.9

0.6

0,8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0!9

1.0

3.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0!3

0!3

0.3

0.4

0.4

1,8

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0,3

1.2

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0,6

0,6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

5.3

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

5.6

66.0 27.5 21.a 10.7 3.6 1.3

1.3

1.2

1,1

1.1

1,1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

3.4

0.7

0!7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.8

2.7

64.7

63.(I

62.0

61.9

63,0

62.2

62.4

63.9

63.9

64.7

84.1

26.9

26.2

25.9

26,0

26.5

26,4

26.8

27,7

28.1

28.4

32.9

21.4

21.1

20.9

20.9

21.4

21.1

20.9

21.3

20,9

21,0

23.7

10,5

10.1

9.8

9.6

9.7

9.4

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.5

13.3

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3,3

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

6.8

84.6 32.7 25.2 14.5 6.7 2.9

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.s

2.9

6.1

1,9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

6.7

90.6

67.5

64.4

63,0

83,2

62.5

63.2

85.5

86.4

86.6

113.0

35.3

34.3

33.4

33.0

32.9

32.8

33.0

33.8

34.3

35.6

42,4

27.0

26.3

25.4

24.9

25.1

24.7

24.8

25.6

25.9

26,2

26.9

15.5

14.8

14.2

13.6

13.6

13.7

13.8

14.2

14.2

14.4

15,9

7.1

6.7

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.4

6.5

9,7

85a 32.7 25,3 15,2 7.1 3.0

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

3,0

6.4

1.9

2.0

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

I .e

1.9

2.0

2.1

7.0

90.4

86.6

83.6

82.4

82.2

81.4

81.7

84.1

85.4

88.1

115.4

34.7

33.5

32.8

32.5

32.4

32.2

32.3

33.0

33.8

35.2

43.3

26,7

25.8

24.9

24.5

24.5

24.1

24.1

24.9

25.2

25.7

27.1

15.9

15.1

14.5

14.1

13.9

13.7

13.7

14.2

14.3

14.5

16.1

7,4

6.9

6.5

6.3

6,3

6.3

6.3

6.5

6,6

6.7

10.0

‘Basedon 100 percent of births unselected States andcma 50-percent sample of births mall olher Statea; aee Technical notes.

2Based on a 50.percent sample of births.

31ncluded in All other.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~23

Table 6. Live births by race of mother and of child, birth rates, and fertility rates: United States, each division and State, 1989

[By place of residence. Birth rates per 1,000 estimated population in each area; fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years estimated in

each area]

Division and State

Number

All

Fface of mother Race of child

Birth Fertiiiiy

races’ White Black White Black rate rate

Unite dState s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . ...< . . . . .

West Norfh Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia. . . . . . , . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fbfida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central.,,,.,.. . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,

Texas, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . .

Mountain, , .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska. ,, ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,..

Hawaii, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,040,958

199,524

17,466

17,809

6,494

91,523

14,768

49,464

582,093

291,449

121,841

168,803

658,251

163,952

63,469

190,308

148,520

72,002

268,017

67,518

39,018

77,872

9,570

11,086

24,216

36,737

682,583

10,730

76,265

11,789

96,798

22,163

102$105

57,330

110,272

193,131

232,217

53,424

73,178

62,568

43,047

463,712

35,911

72,752

47,385

307,664

236,695

11,678

15,883

6,901

52,711

27,353

67,196

35,567

19,606

717,666

75,360

41,281

569,992

11,666

19,367

3,192,355

177,671

17,197

17,542

8,413

79,689

13,062

41,968

449,917

215,781

93,199

140,937

531,198

1378166

73,700

141,652

116,005

62,653

237,345

61,599

37,350

64,008

8,508

9,168

22,217

34,497

472,191

8,023

51,525

1,610

70,675

21,242

69,643

34,576

69,367

145,330

165,477

47,934

55,100

40,360

22,083

364,524

27,104

41,655

37,649

258,116

210,619

10,17s

15,336

6,532

48,302

22,466

57,264

33,747

16,772

583,213

66,541

36,405

464,34S

7,945

5,974

673,124

16,120

76

120

27

6,356

1,096

6,441

112,440

63,257

23,997

25,186

114,516

25,216

8,990

43,418

29,968

6,924

21,106

2,452

1,057

12,630

70

73

1,361

3,243

196,501

2,538

23,889

9,199

23,342

826

29,941

22,232

39,398

45,134

64,694

5,105

17,430

21,698

20,463

86,293

8,446

29,797

5,061

42,969

6,019

34

50

75

2,754

526

2,537

214

1,829

53,435

2,909

906

48,406

533

661

3,131,991

175,065

17,080

17,432

6,386

78,089

12,825

41,251

442,021

211,904

91,675

138,442

523,947

135,177

72,807

139,435

114,493

62,035

233,886

60,638

37,032

63,185

8,303

9,001

21,941

33,786

465,074

7,955

50,209

1,705

69,636

21,113

68,449

34,214

68,464

143,309

164,248

47,614

54,539

40,125

21,970

358,702

26,787

41,256

35,569

255,070

206,790

9,871

15,157

6,447

47,476

22,068

56,208

33,250

16,313

562,258

64,337

37,498

448,469

7,457

4,477

709,395

18,142

124

184

40

9,513

1,275

7,006

118,75S

66,286

25,164

27,306

119,613

26,636

9,620

45,065

30,856

7,216

23,093

2,951

1,260

13,360

112

130

1,546

3,734

201,681

2,589

24,885

9,269

24,104

928

30,703

22,516

40,070

46,617

65,623

5,362

17,667

21,850

20,544

69,266

8,588

29,995

5,523

45,160

9,749

70

93

3,2~

731

3,097

372

2,035

63,470

3,994

1,204

56,631

705

936

16,3

15.3

14.3

16.1

15.0

15.5

14.6

15.3

15.4

16.2

15.7

14.0

15.6

15.0

14.9

16.3

16.0

14,8

15.0

15.5

13.7

15.1

14.5

15.5

15.0

15.4

15.8

15.9

16.7

19.5

15.9

11.9

15.5

16,3

17.1

15.2

15.1

14.3

14.8

15.2

16.4

17.2

14.9

16.6

14.7

18.1

17.5

14.5

15.7

14,5

15.9

17.9

18.9

20.8

17.6

18.7

15.8

14.6

19.6

22.1

17.4

69.2

63.8

60.9

65.5

59.8

63.5

62.8

65.9

66,4

69.0

67.4

61.7

66.0

64.4

63.0

69.2

66,8

63.6

65.4

65.9

60.6

65.7

63.8

70,6

66.0

68.1

67.8

66.2

66.1

77.6

64.5

51.5

65.0

67.4

70.0

72.3

63.8

60.5

62.3

64,2

70,6

72.2

66.9

69.2

63.3

75.3

74.2

63.8

68.2

58.5

63.1

76.4

83.4

89.8

74.3

78.4

65.5

61.0

62.2

69.7

74.2

‘Includss races other than while and black.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

Table 7. Live births by sex and sex ratio, by race: United States, 1980-89

All other

/4// races Whle Total Black

Males Males Males Males

per 1,000

Year Male

per 1,000

Fema/e fema/es Male

per 1,000

Ferns/e fema/es

per 1,000

Male Female females Male Fema/e fema/es

Race of mother

1989 . .,,..,...

Race of child

1989, ,, ..,..,,

1988 . .,.....,,

1987 . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . .,..,...,

1985, ..,...,..

1984’ . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ ., .,,.,...

2,069,490

2,069,490

2,002,424

1,951,153

1,924,868

1,927,983

1,879,490

1,865,553

1,971,468

1,971,466

1,907,066

1,858,241

1,831,679

1,832,578

1,789,651

1,773,380

,050 1,637,594 1,554,761 1,053 431,896 416,707 1,036 341,716 331,408 1,031

,050 1,606,757 1,525.234 1,053 462.733 446,234 1.037 360.131 349.264 1.031

,050 1,562,675 1,463,487 1,053 439,749 423,599

,050 1,535,517 1,456,971 1,054 415,636 401,270

,051 1,523,914 1,446,525 1,053 400,954 385,154

,052 1,536,646 1,454,727 1,056 391,337 377,851

,050 1,500,326 1,423,176 1,054 379,164 366,475

,05~ 1,492,385 1,411,865 1,057 373,166 361,515

,03s 341 ;441 330;535 1,033 --

,036 325,259 316,308 1,028

,041 315,786 305,433 1,034

,036 308,575 299,618 1,030

,031 300,951 291,794 1,031

,032 297,011 289,016 1,028

1982’ .,, ,, .,.,. 1,885,6761,794,861 1,051 1,509,704 1,432,350 1,054 375,972 362,511 1,037 301,121 291,520 1,033

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . 1,660,272 1,768,966 1,052 1,494,437 1,414,232 1,057 365,835 354,734 1,031 297,664 289,933 1,027

1980’ ., .,,.,.,. 1,852,616 1,759,642 1,053 1,490,140 1,408,592 1,058 362,476 351,050 1,033 299,033 290,583 1,029

‘Basedon 100 percent of b!rths m selected States and on a 50.percent sample of brths m all other Sta!ea: see Techmcal notes.

Table 8. Live births by race of mother and observed and seasonally adjusted birth and fertility rates, by month: United States, 1989

[Rates on an annual basis per 1,000 population ‘for specified month. Birth rates based on the total population. Fertility rates based on women

aged 15–44 years]

A// other Observed Seasonally adjusted’

All Birth Fertility Fert@’

Month races White Total Black rate rate Birth rate rate

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040,958 3,192,355 848,603 673,124 16.3 69.2 .

January. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. .,,

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

March. .,.,,,.....,,,,..,,. ,,,

April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

May. . ., .,, . ., .,,,,,.,. . . . .

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

July, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

September, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,.,

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

November, ...,.,..,,,.. . . . .

December, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,.,,,

320,422

300,391

339,912

318,779

336,320

338,973

356,716

366,579

357,344

344,161

325,543

335,816

250,194

236,248

269,993

254,933

269,947

269,889

280,396

268,345

281,757

271,320

256,423

262,908

70,226

64,143

69,919

63,846

66,373

69,084

76,316

78,234

75,587

72,641

69,120

72,910

55,675

50,948

55,423

50,245

51,959

54,736

61,304

62,522

60,326

57,646

54,622

57,716

15.3

15.8

16.2

15.7

16.0

16.6

16.9

17.4

17.5

16.3

15.9

15.9

64.7

67.1

68.6

66.4

67.8

70.6

71.8

73.8

74.3

69.2

67.6

67.5

16.1

16.2

16.5

t6,0

16.2

16,4

16.2

16.4

16.4

16.3

16.4

16.3

68.1

68.7

69.9

68.0

6S.7

69.5

69.0

69.7

69.5

69.4

69.6

69.2

‘The method ofseasonal adjustment, developed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, lsdescrlbed inthe X-11 Variant of the Census Method llSeasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No.

16 (1967 rawsion),

Tabfe9. Average number of live births and index of occurrence, by day ofweek: United States, 1989

Average hrdex

Day of week number of births of occurrence’

Total .,, ,,, ,,, ,, .,,.., ., ..,,,,.,.. .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,071 100.0

‘Index IS the ratio of the average number of births on a gwen day of the week to the average dally number of births for the year, multiplied by 100,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~ 25

Table 10. Live births by attendant, place of delivery, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

Attendant

Physician Midwife

Doctor of Doctor of Certified nurse Other

Place of delivery and race

UnA// births Total medicine osteopathy Total midwife midwife Other specified

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inhospitalz, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . .

Clinic or doctor’s office. . . , . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..,,,

lnhospita12 .,, . .,, ,,, ,.,.,, ,,,,

Notin hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . .

Clinic ordoctor’soffice. . . . . . . . . . ,

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecifled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In hospitalz, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notin hospital........,.,.. . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . .

Clinic ordoctor’s office. . . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecifled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In hospitalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . .

Clinic ordoctor’soffice. . . . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In hospitalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notin hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . .

Clinicordootor’s office, . . . . . , , . . .

Residence, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,040,958

3,991,448

47,2t4

14,273

1,111

27,748

4,082

2,296

3,192,355

3,150,804

39,566

13,432

890

22,443

2,801

1,985

673,124

666,968

5,890

541

113

4,189

1,047

266

3,131,991

3,091,172

38,850

13,245

874

21,974

2,757

1,969

709,395

702,869

6,247

629

115

4,425

1,078

279

3,856,842

3,842,313

12,970

5,016

769

5,790

1,395

1,559

3,055,660

3,044,933

9,346

4,520

646

3,437

743

1,401

836,536

633,315

3,085

355

64

2,104

562

136

2,999,649

2,988,073

9,187

4,456

635

3,364

732

1,369

670,786

667,466

3,774

376

66

2,159

573

146

3,742,315

3,729,345

11,450

4,366

553

5,170

1,339

1,520

2,959,315

2,949,993

7,952

3,934

436

2,883

699

1,370

622,168

619,043

2,994

321

63

2,054

556

131

2,904,308

2,895,144

7,805

3,875

427

2,815

688

1,359

655,151

651,933

3,077

339

65

2,106

567

141

114,527

112,968

1,520

628

216

620

56

39

96,365

94,940

1,394

586

210

554

44

31

14,366

14,272

91

34

1

50

6

5

94.341

92,929

1,382

581

208

549

44

30

15,635

15,533

97

37

1

53

6

5

147,293

125,451

21,766

6,990

173

11,383

1,220

76

111,543

90,612

20,860

8,658

154

10,883

1,165

71

26,776

26,285

489

180

9

265

35

2

106,736

88,156

20,511

8,540

149

10,666

1,156

71

28,469

27,827

640

244

9

347

40

2

132,266

122,692

9,366

5,678

107

3,412

169

28

97,921

69,067

6,826

5,404

99

3,181

144

26

25,711

25,381

329

162

4

144

19

1

95,322

66,644

8,652

5,308

95

3,108

141

26

27,321

26,899

421

211

4

185

21

1

15,007

2,559

12,400

3,312

66

7,971

1,051

46

13,622

1,545

12,032

3,254

55

7,702

1,021

45

1,065

904

160

18

5

121

16

1

13,416

1,512

11,659

3,232

54

7,558

1,015

45

1,148

928

219

33

5

162

19

1

26,737

14,983

11,707

235

166

9,919

1,385

47

18,941

10,092

8,619

223

90

7,664

842

30

6,492

4,312

2,164

5

39

1,691

429

16

18,540

9,887

8,624

218

90

7,496

620

29

6,748

4,461

2,270

8

39

1,780

443

17

10,086

8,701

771

32

1

656

82

614

8,191

5,167

541

31

459

51

463

3,320

3,056

152

1

1

129

21

112

6,064

5,056

528

31

448

49

480

3,392

3,115

163

1

1

139

22

114

llncludes races other than white and black,

21ncludesbirths occurring en route to or on arrival at hospital,
26 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991

Table 11. Live births by age of father and mother and race of father and of child: United States, 1989

Age of father

Under 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45–49 50-54 55 years Not

Age of mother and race Total 15 years years years years years years years years years and over stated

All races’, . . . . . . . ,., ,,

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years,.,,,. .,.,,,.,. ,.

20-24 years.,.,,,.....,,,, .

25-29 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . ., . .,, . . . . . . . .

40-44 years...,,,,,...,,, .

4.5-49 years...,,,.,,...,,. .

Race of father

White, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years..,..,,.,,...,,..

25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

Black . . . .

Under 15 years, .,, . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years,,.,,,,. .,, .,

20-24 years...,,. . . ,. .,,,,

25-29years, .,,,.....,,,. .

30-34years . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, ,,, ,. ..,,,. ,., ,.,,,

45-49years, ,,, ...,,,,, .,, ..,,,

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, , ..,,..,,,.. . . . . .

45-49years, , ...,,..,,., . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years.......,.,.. . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years, , .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, , .,.....,,.

45-49years, , .,.....,,.. . . . .

4,040,958

11,486

506,503

1,077,598

1,263,098

842,395

293,878

44,401

1,599

2,87a,619

2,126

238,338

714,367

981,866

674,961

232,156

33,747

1,038

419,523

1,815

64,770

127,430

120,865

73,973

26,258

4,265

147

3,131,991

4,527

331,204

606,056

1,024,006

691,735

238,202

35,111

1,150

709,395

6,640

156,969

227,099

176,748

100,906

35,191

5,633

209

547 119,279 613,296 1,055,660 921,519 450,521 154,522 43,256 12,808

1

86

819

2,249

3,778

3,860

1,814

201

9,363

1

70

562

1,587

2,711

2,926

1,352

134

2,426

14

I 9a

531

778

615

270

20

9,118

69

560

1,540

2,617

2,665

1,329

138

2,569

1

15

213

558

828

645

287

22

10,664 658,866

41 8,147

1,069 211,291

1,603 227,400

2,102 125,536

2,502 60,556

2,251 21,725

997 3,986

99 239

113

269

93

42

20

8

2

230

42

125

34

19

7

1

2

150

64

72

5

4

3

2

316

44

158

65

31

12

4

2

210

67

96

28

11

6

2

2,220 762

92,175 155,337

22,349 369,166

2,031 73,403

360 11,978

94 2,342

27 294

3 14

154 32

35,918 7,476

341,651 84,159

562,002 373,683

99,904 399,347

14,353 52,794

1,433 3,941

45 87

13

1#959

21,198

90,577

200,313

127,315

8,997

149

3

675

6,731

24,415

50,679

55,280

16,484

255

246

2,229

7,056

12,936

13,856

6,424

507

87,245 494,956

1,136 513

66,906 121,643

17,192 300,785

1,596 60,047

307 9,747

61 1,957

26 253

1 11

901,956 789,284

108 24

28,503 5,819

286,339 68,027

488,456 318,468

85,318 348,427

12,007 45,191

1,186 3,261

37 67

377,593

9

1,523

16,576

73,877

168,957

109,026

7,510

115

126,231

3

519

5,192

19,423

41,254

45,881

13,770

189

33,751

177

1,678

5,394

10,064

10,921

5,132

385

5,787 52,223

1

124

560

,149

,655

,542

699

57

289

12,929

17,402

11,848

2,623

556

42

26,440 95,074

978 194

20,999 27,141

4,069 55,302

330 10,471

56 1,667

6 253

1 24

1 2

110,717 62,319 42,940 17,466

111

1,121

3,519

5,930

5,267

1,490

28

6,426

55

441

1,292

2,032

1,864

699

45

,907

1

40

194

442

546

463

203

18

33,656

531

9,501

10,671

7,293

3,860

1,371

222

7

37

5,362

41,252

52,169

10,153

1,597

143

4

6

1,168

10,800

34,411

30,855

4,671

398

10

4

307

3,177

10,403

18,073

10,149

815

12

66,757 490,668

1,130 513

66,610 121,204

17,030 298,324

1,584 59,013

297 9,479

80 1,900

24 244

2 11

894,040 783,135 374,326

107 24 8

28,390 5,807 1,508

284,260 67,450 16,397

484,614 316,393 73,106

83,830 345,851 167,595

11,664 44,396 106,210

1,141 3,151 7,386

34 61 116

124,812

3

514

5,079

19,128

40,688

45,467

13,717

196

33,161

182

1,647

5,253

9,850

10,744

5,089

396

6,928 328,710

20 2,678

667 106,095

986 114,256

1,321 62,023

1,664 29,852

1,5?2 11,338

699 2,329

57 139

2,986 306,301

21 5,278

393 98,767

567 105,115

6)3 58,497

641 28,003

503 9,197

2’11 1,363

“19 61

27,827 99,243

1,019 203

22,047 28,297

4,343 57,591

350 11,050

59 1,800

7 274

1 26

1 2

115,208

39

5,611

42,886

54,150

10,645

1,714

159

4

85,544

7

1,240

11,339

35,622

31,972

4,918

434

12

44,579

5

326

3,350

10,854

18,653

10,516

860

13

18,219

119

1,197

3,674

6,173

5,474

1,554

28

6,707

5a

470

1,349

2,126

1,939

718

47

‘ Includes races other than whine and black, and broths with race of father not stated
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~27

Table 12. Birth rates by age of father and race: United States, 1985-89

[Rates are live births per 1,000 men in specified group, estimated as of July 1. Figures for age of father not stated are distributed]

Age of father

15-54 15–19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4044 45–49 50-54 55 years

Year and race years’ year~ years years years yaars years years years and over

All races

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987.,.........,,.......<, .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of fathec

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,.

1966 ...,.,..,.....,,.,,. . . .

1985, ., ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Race of fathen

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,

Race of child:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19e8, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black3

Race of father:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57.3

55.9

55.0

54.9

55.7

53.2

52,5

51.4

50.9

50.9

51.9

79.7

83.9

81.3

78.6

77.5

77.9

84.2

85.6

82.0

79.5

7e.3

78.2

22.4

20.0

18.6

18.1

16.2

17.1

1618

14.9

13.9

13.7

14.0

44.5

45.6

41.7

39.0

37.7

37.4

52.2

52,9

46.1

44.6

42.6

42.0

89.2

65.5

83.0

82.3

82.8

79,1

77.9

75.2

73.9

74.0

75,1

137.2

142.8

134.9

127.8

124.2

122.6

157.3

159.5

149.2

140.4

135.2

132,7

113,8

111,1

109,4

109.1

111.9

109.8

1o&3

106.1

105.0

105,2

108,2

135.3

143.1

137.8

133.7

131.2

132.9

141.8

144.1

138.5

134.6

132.2

133.3

92.3

91.0

89.3

88.7

89.7

90.2

89.0

67.6

86.3

85.9

87.0

104.1

110.4

109.7

106.0

105.0

105.7

98.6

100.3

99.0

96,7

96.9

96.9

50.6

49.5

48.2

46,5

47.0

48.2

47.5

48.1

44.9

43.3

43.7

66.7

71.0

69.7

68.5

67.5

69.1

61.4

62.4

60.2

60.0

59.8

61.1

20.6

20.0

19.1

18.4

18.1

18.7

~a.3

17.7

17.0

16.3

16.0

33.6

36.1

35.6

34.3

32.9

33.1

32.7

33.4

32.6

31.9

30,6

30.8

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.1

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

14.6

15.6

15.5

14,9

14.6

14.4

15.1

15.4

14.7

14.2

14.0

13.7

2.7 0.6

2.6 0.4

2.5 0.4

2.5 0.4

2.5 0.4

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

6.3 2.2

6.6 2.3

7.0 1.4

6.6 1.3

6.8 1.3

6.7 1.3

6,6 2.5

6.6 2.5

6.8 ‘f.3

6.5 1.3

6.7 1.2

6.5 1.2

'Rates computed byrelaUng total bitihs, regardless ofageof father, tomen agad 15-54 years,

2Rates computed by relating bwths 01 falhars under 20 years of age to men aged 15-19 years.

31ncluded in All other.
Table 13. Number and percent low birth weight and live births by birth weight, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

Low birth weight’ Less 5oo– 1,00G

than 500 999 1,499

Age of mother and race Number Percent Total grams grams grams

All races . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years....

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . .

25–29 years . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . .

35–39 years . . . . . . . . . .

40+4 years . . . . . . . . . .

45+9 years . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years...

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . .

16 years..

17 years . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . .

35–39 years . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . .

4549 years . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20–24years . . . . . . . . . .

25–29 years . . . . . . . . . .

30–34years . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . .

4044 years . . . . . . . . . .

45+9 years . . . . . . . . . .

284,391

1,539

46,938

3,019

6,055

9,343

13,119

15,402

77,649

78,731

54,532

21,098

3,737

167

182,335

470

25,545

1,190

2,925

5,029

7,475

8,926

47,527

53,000

38,059

14,949

2,659

126

90,720

1,037

20,148

1,749

2,963

4,068

5,336

6,032

27,659

22,544

13,706

4,821

774

31

7.0

13,4

9.3

11.3

10.6

9.6

9.1

8.5

7.2

6.2

6.5

7.2

84

10.5

5.7

10.2

7.5

8.6

8.6

7.9

7.5

6.9

5.6

5.1

5.4

6.2

7.4

10.7

13.5

15.8

13.4

14.5

13.9

13.4

13.1

13.1

12.9

13.5

14.5

14.7

14.8

15.6

Birth weigh~

4,040,958

11,486

506,503

26,730

57,279

97,035

144,350

181,109

1,077,598

1,263,098

842,395

293,878

44,401

1,599

3,192,355

4,630

340,472

13.869

34,133

63,734

99,302

129,434

824,189

1,040,659

702,963

242,467

35,795

1,180

673,124

6.560

150,699

12,048

21,412

30,372

40,668

45,998

215,557

167,260

94,766

32,845

5,236

201

5,465

32

850

72

114

155

220

289

1,499

1,510

1,098

421

52

3

2,950

9

385

24

45

71

114

131

736

833

675

276

34

2

2,376

21

456

47

69

79

104

:57

735

638

385

i 26

15

—

19,880

139

3,385

266

494

656

957

1,012

5,265

5,406

3,890

1,543

239

13

11,346

46

1,696

109

239

309

503

536

2,809

3,184

2,446

987

167

11

7,976

89

1,614

151

242

331

437

453

2,348

2,087

1,315

468

53

2

26,444

182

4,690

303

629

977

1,312

1,469

7,064

7,030

5,090

2,015

353

20

16,042

55

2,465

124

316

493

724

806

4,076

4,448

3,388

1,364

232

14

9,462

126

2,116

169

302

461

558

626

2,782

2,327

1,487

531

68

5

l,500– .?,lrurJ- .2,M_rrl- 3,000- 3,50& 4,rxJo- 4,500- 5,000

1,999 2,499 2,999 3,499 3,999 4,499 4,999 grams Not

grams grams grams grams grams grams grams or more stated

54,301

317

9,043

584

1,205

1,608

2,566

2,878

14,339

14,773

10,541

4,402

854

32

34,600

97

4,823

236

575

961

1,448

1,603

8,743

9,849

7,361

3,099

602

26

17,741

217

3,986

331

596

806

1,066

1,189

5,210

4,387

2,704

1,042

190

3

178,301

869

28,970

1,794

3,613

5,747

8.062

9,754

49,482

50,012

33,913

12,717

2,239

99

117,397

263

16,176

697

1,750

3,195

4,686

5,848

31,163

34,686

24,189

9,223

1,624

73

53,165

584

11,974

1,051

1’754

2,391

3,171

3,607

16,584

13,105

7,815

2,654

428

21

649,004

2,809

103,900

6,224

12,576

20,584

29.497

35,019

187,364

188,362

118,189

41,483

6,626

271

455,048

936

61,406

2,743

6,499

11,983

17,972

22,209

127,264

139,964

89,142

31,240

4,921

175

159,423

1,797

39,182

3,269

5,691

7,957

10,637

11,608

52,302

37,598

20,660

6,789

1,052

43

1,477,630

4,496

198,537

10,682

22,634

38,230

56,553

70,438

409,332

457,895

292,761

99,536

14,540

533

1,152,663

1,836

132,699

5,569

13,467

24,886

38,726

50,031

310,416

373,430

241,401

81,007

11,494

380

253,468

2,543

59,763

4,773

8,472

12,188

16,180

18,150

83,504

61,479

33,148

11,189

1,779

63

1,183,050

2,134

122,954

5,560

12,822

22,850

35,369

46,353

301.276

387,911

265,034

90,330

12,992

419

1,005,114

1,080

92,945

3,456

8,860

16,989

27,021

36,619

250,168

338,701

232,835

78,086

10,973

326

133,422

1,002

26,343

1,929

3,590

5,164

7,308

8,352

41,810

35,151

20,446

7,434

1,189

47

366,154

438

29,071

1,059

2,752

5,175

8,359

11,726

85,182

123,782

91,305

33,149

5,081

146

327,570

272

23,765

762

2,070

4,180

6,eo6

9,845

74,281

111,877

82,964

29,817

4,476

118

29,383

149

4,426

258

587

833

1,199

1,549

8,520

8,477

5,418

2,036

346

11

65,196

37

3,922

127

322

650

1,111

1,712

13,932

22,036

17,227

6,857

1,138

47

58,747

22

3,330

93

248

536

972

1,479

12,357

20,077

15,721

6,174

1,024

42

4,578

13

470

28

59

94

105

184

1,184

1,402

1,009

428

69

3

8,300

8

477

13

33

78

144

209

1,559

2,810

2,227

1,019

192

8

7,224

5

366

9

22

62

123

170

1,326

2,473

1,978

881

168

7

752

3

77

4

9

14

16

34

174

235

167

77

18

5,233

25

704

46

85

125

198

250

1,304

1,571

1,120

406

95

8

3,654

9

396

27

42

67

105

155

850

1,137

863

313

80

6

1,378

16

290

18

41

54

87

90

404

374

212

71

9

2
Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years.. . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . .

15 yeara . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

16years, . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . .

35–39years . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years. . . . . . . .

15-19years. ..,......

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . .

178,152 5.7

459 10.2

24,841 7.5

1,159 8.6

2,844 8.6

4,898 7.9

7,271 7.5

8,669 6.9

46,334 5.6

51,930 5.1

37,238 5.4

14,622 6.1

2,607 7.4

121 10.6

93.377 13.2

1,044 15.8

20,639 13.2

1,772 14.4

3,020 13.7

4,156 13.2

5,469 12.8

6,222 12.9

28,454 12.6

23,197 13.2

14,194 14.1

5,010 14.3

806 14.3

33 15.9

3,131,991

4,527

331,204

13,517

33.236

62,080

96,567

125,804

806,056

1,024,006

691,735

238,202

35,111

1,150

709,395

6,640

156,969

12,294

22,015

31,476

42,702

48,482

227,099

176,748

100,906

35,191

5,633

209

2.891

8

371

24

44

67

109

127

725

826

663

265

31

2

2,409

21

467

47

70

82

108

160

741

640

391

133

16

,057

46

,636

103

230

302

483

51a

2,726

3,115

2,398

962

164

10

8,174

89

1,657

155

247

337

450

468

2,415

2,130

1.342

“483

56

2

15,669

55

2,394

121

307

480

703

783

3,980

4,367

3,297

1,335

228

13

9,703

126

2,165

172

308

472

572

641

2,845

2,379

1,542

549

92

5

33,778

93

4,688

228

563

934

1,414

1,549

8,502

9,655

7,184

3,035

595

26

18,261

220

4,081

336

600

623

1,090

1,230

5,361

4,503

2,817

1,061

195

3

14,757

257

15,752

683

1,700

3,115

4,582

5,692

30,401

33,967

23,696

9,025

1,589

70

54,830

588

12,269

1,060

1,795

2,442

3,249

3,723

17,022

13,545

8,102

2,764

447

23

445,323

915

59,709

2,671

6,344

11,637

17,498

21,559

124,324

137,354

87,434

30,596

4,621

170

165,275

1,814

40,317

3,343

5,792

8,176

10,928

12,078

54,181

39,075

21,594

7,135

1,115

44

,130,410

1,798

129,050

5,437

13,111

24,252

37,630

303,564

367,425

237,401

79,520

11,282

370

266,554

2,574

62,212

4.875

8,711

12,623

16,937

19,066

87,756

64,813

35,261

11,962

1,892

64

987,398

1,055

90,468

3,362

6,626

16,556

26,281

35,622

244,632

333,649

229,512

76,808

10,753

320

144,059

1,020

28,023

1,982

3,750

5,448

7,tKr9

9,034

45,244

38,035

22,216

8,144

1,327

50

322,238

264

23,129

742

2,012

4,074

6,722

9,579

72,766

110,312

81,660

29,394

4,386

117

32,687

156

4,656

272

622

906

1,324

1,734

9,514

9,416

6,056

2,293

363

11

57,772

22

3,241

91

238

536

939

1,437

12,105

19,780

15,490

6,083

1,010

41

5,184

13

536

28

67

95

130

216

1,339

1,566

1,160

488

79

3

7,104

5

377

8

20

58

122

169

1,303

2,435

1,946

870

163

5

836

3

84

4

11

17

17

35

190

261

189

86

21

2

3,594

9

388

27

41

67

104

149

828

1,121

854

309

79

6

1,423

16

300

18

42

55

88

97

421

385

216

73

10

2

‘Less than 2,500 gram (5 lb S OZ).

2Equ&alenls Ofgram weights in terns of pounds and ounces are shown in Terihmca[ “o[es
30~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

Table 14. Number and percent of births of low birth weight, by race of mother and of child: United States and each State, 1989

[By place of residence]

State

Number’ Percent

Race of mother

All

Race of chM Race of mother

All

Race of child

races2 Wh!te Black White Black races? White Black White Black

Unted States,. . . . .

Alabama ..,...

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,., ,..

Colorado. . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District ofColumbla .,,.... ,. ..,,,.

Floflda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. .

Indiana....::::::::::::: ::::::

Iowa, ,,,,. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas. ,.,,

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana, .,,...... . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,...

Ma~land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts, .,.....,..

Michigan. .,, . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesot a.,,.......,,.

Mlsslss!ppi . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana ..,,....,...,.. . . .

Nebraska .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York...,,,......,,. . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota ., ., .,....., . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee, . . . . . .

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont,

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washingto n . . . . . . . . . . .

Westvirglnia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

284,391

5,169

572

4,262

2,973

34,764

4,088

3,414

801

1,867

14,808

9,202

1,378

879

14,645

5,488

2,116

2,370

3,657

6,626

851

6,260

5,388

11,275

3,309

4,043

5,386

647

1,402

1,410

909

8,902

1,896

22,282

8,270

481

11,512

3,068

2,151

11,943

909

5,268

594

6,011

21,462

2,014

462

6,872

4,219

1,472

4,141

503

182,335

2,481

358

3,471

1,784

24,622

3,565

2,395

460

116

8,743

4,047

335

836

7,963

4,307

1,960

1,887

3,031

2,549

840

2,956

4,248

6,505

2,761

1,437

3,648

553

1,164

1,055

693

5,243

1,557

12,868

4,180

416

6,022

2,230

1,914

7,976

729

2,248

467

3,589

15,406

1,894

456

3,835

3,489

1,353

3,025

470

90,720

2,657

46

355

1,164

6,624

392

938

331

1,687

5,841

5,075

74

3

6,284

1,135

116

417

607

3,994

5

3,118

916

4,592

325

2,570

1,678

2

193

287

11

3,334

60

8,638

3,897

3

3,417

596

113

3,744

130

2,983

6

2,386

5,612

31

1

2,870

382

114

973

13

178,152

2,469

335

3,409

1,760

23,572

3,503

2,331

453

108

8,599

3,993

258

819

7,797

4,225

1,933

1,845

3,013

2,523

835

2,862

4,133

6,418

2,707

1,427

3,580

537

1,142

1,034

888

5,109

1,524

12,581

4,086

406

7,854

2,103

1,866

7,743

711

2,219

455

3,541

15,200

1,868

456

3,778

3,351

1,346

2,982

465

93,377

2,666

60

377

1,176

7,190

426

992

338

1,693

5,944

5,114

87

7

6,416

1,193

134

447

621

4,001

5

3,187

998

4,647

357

2,575

1,723

3

206

296

15

3,437

73

8,669

3,953

5

3,553

623

132

3,955

146

3,008

11

2,426

5,765

40

1

2,910

439

121

999

15

7,0

8.3

4,9

6,3

8,3

6.1

7.8

6.9

7.5

15,9

7.7

8.4

7.1

5.5

7.7

6.6

5.4

6.1

6.9

9.1

4.9

8.0

5.9

7.6

4.9

9.4

6,9

5.5

5.8

7.2

5.1

7,3

7,0

7.7

8.1

5.0

7.0

6.5

5.2

7.1

6.2

9.2

5.4

8.2

7.0

5.7

5.5

7.1

5.6

6.6

5.8

7,3

5.7

6.2

4.5

6.1

6.6

5.3

7.4

5.7

5.7

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.5

5,6

5,9

5.3

5.5

6.3

6.1

4.9

5.8

5,3

5,6

4.5

6.5

5.7

5.4

5.2

6.3

5,1

5.8

6.9

6.0

6.0

4.9

5.9

5.9

5.0

5.7

5.6

6.5

5.1

6.5

6.0

6.6

54

5.4

5.3

6.4

4.8

7.2

13.5

12.3

8.7

14.0

13,8

13,7

14.2

14.6

13.1

18.4

13.0

12.9

10.9

*

14.5

12.7

11.0

12.9

11.9

13.4

*

13.1

11.0

15.4

13.3

12.6

13.1

*

14.0

15.7

●

13.9

11.5

13.7

13.0

*

13.6

11.7

12.5

14.9

12.0

13.4

*

73.7

13,1

14.5

●

12.3

12.5

13.8

14.1

●

5.7

6.2

4.5

6.1

6.6

5.3

7.4

5.7

5.7

6.3

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.4

5.6

5.8

5.2

5.5

6.3

6.1

4,9

5.7

5.3

5.6

4.5

6.5

5.7

5.4

5.2

6.3

5.1

5.6

6.9

6.0

6.0

4.9

5.8

5.9

5.0

5.6

5.6

6.5

5.1

6.5

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.2

8.4

4,8

7.2

13.2

12.2

6.5

12.2

13.7

12.7

13.1

14.2

13.1

18.3

12.6

12,6

9.3

*

14.3

12.4

10.6

12.0

11.6

13,4

*

12.9

10.5

15.1

12.1

12.5

12.9

*

13.3

14.6

*

13.7

10.1

13.4

12.9

*

13.3

11,3

11.0

14,5

11,6

13.4

*

13.6

12.8

106

.

12,1

11,0

13.0

13,8

*

‘Less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 OZ).

21ncludes races other than whte and black.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~31

Table 15. Live births by plurality of birth, age of mother, and race of mothec United States, 1989

Live births in triplet

and

Live births in

,4// /ive births Single live births

other p/ura/

twin deliveries deliveries

All All All All

Age of mother races’ White Black races’ Wh/te Black races’ Wh/te Black races’ Whife Hack

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040,9583,192,355 673,124 3,948,042 3,120,499 655,018 90,118 69,373 17,844 2,798 2,483 262

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,486 4,630 6,560 11,357 4,568 6,495 129 62 65 - - -

15–19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. t.. . . 506,503 340,472 150,699 499,474 336,307 148,030 6,953 4,114 2,644 76 51 25

15 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,730 13,869 12,048 26,437 13,729 11,909 290 137 13933 -

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,279 34,133 21,412 56,573 33,782 21,073 699 347 336743

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,035 63,734 30,372 95,867 63,069 29,913 1,161 661 456743

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,350 99,302 40,866 142,328 98,072 40,122 1,993 1,206 741 29 24 5

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181,109 129,434 45,999 176,269 127,655 45,013 2,810 1,763 972 30 16 14

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,077,598 824,189 215,557 1,056,371 809,201 209,912 20,928 14,754 5,585 299 234 60

25-29 years..., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,263,098 1,040,659 167,260 1,232,596 1,016,362 162,001 29,564 23,456 5,169 938 821 90

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642,395 702,963 94,766 618,415 662,969 91,601 22,691 16,975 3,113 1,069 1,019 52

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293,878 242,467 32,845 284,953 235,022 31,676 8,572 7,127 1,135 353 318 32

40-44years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,401 35,795 5,236 43,296 34,887 5,104 1,067 875 129 36 33 3

4549years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,599 1,180 201 1,578 1,163 197 14 10 4 77-

1Includes races other lhan white and black,

Table 16. Numbers, rates, and ratios of births to unmarried women, byageof mother and race of mother and of child: United States,

1989

Rateper 1,000 unmarried women

Number in specified group Ratio per 1,000 live births

All

All other

All

A// other

All

A// other

Age of mother races. White Total Black races White Total Black races White Total Black

Race of mother

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,. . 1,094,169

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,612

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,266

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,356

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,194

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,134

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,815

19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 101,767

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . ...< . . . . 378,122

25-29 years.........,...,,. . . . . 215,477

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,344

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,030

40yearsand over.......,,.. . . . . . 7,316

Race of child

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,169

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,612

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,266

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,358

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,194

17years . . . . . . . . . . ...< . . . . . . 71,134

18years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,815

19yea.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,767

20-24y2ars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378,122

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.., 215,477

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,344

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,030

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,316

613,543

3,920

168,253

10,904

24,094

40,110

54,599

58,546

211,815

120,640

60,344

23,730

4,841

593,911

3,830

182,370

10,612

23,397

36,962

52,846

56,553

205,006

116,758

58,281

22,976

4,688

480,626

6,892

149,015

12,454

22,100

31,024

40,216

43,221

166,307

94,837

46,000

15,300

2,475

500,256

6,782

154,898

12,746

22,797

32,172

41,969

45,214

173,114

98,719

46,063

16,054

2,628

442,395

6,458

!38,718

11,797

20,735

28,840 }

37,398

39,948 }

153,551

86,846

41,466

13,333

2,021

’41.8

. . .

40.6

2&8

57.4

62,0

52,3

34.4

16.0

23.4

457,460 ‘41.8

6,532 ---

143,207 40.8

12,016

21,244

}

28.8

29,694

38,729

41,524 }

57.4

158,866 62.0

89,811 52.3

43,044 34.4

13,885 16.0

2,133 23.4

‘30.1

---

26.4

19.3

41.2

44.2

36.5

26.3

13,0

22.9

‘29.2

.-.

27.5

16.8

39.8

42,8

37.3

25.4

12.5

22.8

‘82.3

. . .

89.1

65.7

123.6

127.0

96.0

58.2

25.0

25,3

‘85.6

. . .

92.6

67.9

129.4

132.2

99.9

60.8

26.2

25.6

‘90.0

. . .

103.4

77.0

141.9

142.0

100.9

59.3

25.0

25.1

‘93.1

..-

106.7

79,0

147.3

147.0

104.3

61.6

26.1

25.3

270.8

923.9

665.9

873.8

806.5

733.1

656.6

561.9

350.9

170,6

126.2

132.6

159.0

270.8

923.9

665.9

873.8

806.5

733.1

656,8

561.9

350.9

170.6

126.2

132.8

159.0

192.2

646.7

552.9

786.2

705.9

629.3

549.8

452.3

257.0

115.9

85.8

97.9

130.9

189.6

846.0

550.6

785.1

704.0

627.6

547.2

449.5

254.3

114.0

84.3

96.5

129.3

566.4

976.1

897.5

968.4

954.8

931.6

892.7

836.4

656.3

426.4

329.9

297.6

274.2

550.4

974.6

683.6

964.7

948.2

920.4

878.3

017.5

637.5

412.9

319.0

288.3

269.8

657.2

984.5

920.5

979.2

968.4

949.6

915.1

666.5

712.3

519.2

437.6

405.9

377.7

644.9

983.7

912.3

977.4

965.0

943.4

907.0

856.5

699.6

508.1

426.6

394.6

365.1

lRatosmmputed byrelat!ng total Mtihsto unmarried molhers, regardless ofageof molher, tounmarrled women aged 15-44 yearn

‘Rates computed by relating btrths to unmarried mothers aged 40 years and over to unmarned women aged 40-$4 years.

NOTE: For 44 States and the Oistrict of Columbla, marital statua of mother IS reporied on the birth cerllf!catm for 6 States,

mother’s marital atatus ismferrad; see Technical notes.
32 ~ Monthly Vitai Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~

Table 17. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-89

[Rates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of mother

15-19 years

15-44 15-17 18–19 20–24 25-29 30-34 35-39

Year and race

40-44

years’ Total years years years years years years year?

All races

19893, , ...,,,,..,.,...,,,,

19883, ., ., .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19873 .,...,,,,.,,.,,..,,, ,.

1988s, .,.,,,,...,.,.,,,,,.

19e53 ...,,,,,,,..,.,,,,,,.

19843’4 . ., .,, ,,, . ., ...,,.,.

19833’4, ,, !,,,,,!.....,,,,.,

19823’4, ,, ..,,,.,...,.,,,., .

19813’4, ,, .,, , ! . . . ! .!..,,.,,

19803’4, .,.,,,...,4,,,,,,,,.

19804’5, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754’5 .,..,.....,.,,,,.

19705’6 ...,,..,....,,,.. . . .

White

Race of mother:

19893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

19893 .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19883 .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19873 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19863, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..,,,

19853, ,,, .,..,,..,.,,, .,,,,

19843’4 .,, .,, ,,, ..,.., .,,,,,

19833’4, , .,,,,,,...,,.. ,,,,,

19823’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.

19813’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,,.

19803’4, ,,, ,,, ..,,...., ,,,,.

19804’5 .,..,,.....,.,., . . . .

19754’5 .,..,,,.,....,,, ,..,,

19705’6 .,.,,,,.,....,.,,. ,.,

All other

Race of mother:

19893 ...,,,.......,,,,. ,,.,

Race of child:

19893 .

19883

19873

19863

19853

19843’4

19833’4

19823’4

19813’4

19603’4

..,,. . . . . . . .

.,,,. . . . . . .

19804’5 .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19705’6. . . . . . . . . . . .

41,8

38.6

36.1

34.3

32.8

31.0

30.4

30.0

29,6

29.4

28.4

24.5

28.4

30.1

29.2

26.6

24.6

23.2

21.8

20,1

19,3

18.8

18,2

17.6

16,2

12.4

13.9

82.3

85.8

81.8

78.3

74.6

73.2

77.4

72,3

73,9

75.4

77.2

78.0

79.0

S9.9

40.6

36.8

34.1

32.6

31,6

30.2

29,7

28.9

28.2

27.6

27,6

23.9

22.4

28.4

27.5

24.8

22.8

21.5

20.5

19.0

18,5

17.7

17,1

16.2

15,9

12,0

10.9

89.1

92.6

85.9

81.6

79.7

79.4

78.3

78.3

79.2

79.2

81.7

83.0

86.3

90.6

28.8

26.5

24.5

22.9

22.5

21.9

22.1

21,5

20.9

20,6

20.7

19.3

17.1

19,3

16.8

17,1

15.8

14.6

14.2

13,5

13,5

12,9

12.4

11,8

11,7

9.8

7,5

65.7

67.9

64.1

61.3

59.1

59.1

59.3

60.2

60.7

60.3

63.1

64.0

70.7

73.3

57.4

52.7

49,9

48,9

46.6

43,0

41,0

40.2

39.9

39.0

38.7

32.5

32.9

41.2

39.8

36.4

34.2

33.2

30.9

27.6

26.1

25.1

24.6

23.6

22.8

16.5

17.6

123.8

129.4

120.3

114.1

112.3

109.9

106.1

104.6

107.0

109.0

111.6

113.4

114.3

126.5

62.0

56.7

53.1

49,7

46.8

43.2

42.0

41.4

40,9

40.9

39.7

31.2

36.4

44.2

42.8

38,3

35.8

33.5

30.9

27.8

26.4

25.7

24.9

24.4

22.4

15.5

22.5

127.0

132.2

124.3

116.6

109.5

105.7

101.3

101.1

102.1

104.5

106.6

108.2

102.1

121.0

52.3

48.1

44.3

42.0

39.8

37.0

35,6

35.1

34.7

34.0

31.4

27,5

37.0

38.5

37.3

33.8

30.7

29.2

27.3

24.5

22.9

22.2

21.6

20.7

17.3

14.8

21.1

96.0

99.9

94.6

89.2

82.3

77.9

75.8

77.3

78.9

80.1

79.1

79.1

73.2

93.8

34.4

31.7

29.3

26.9

25.0

23,2

22.3

21,9

20,8

21,1

18.5

17.9

27.1

26.3

25.4

22.9

21.2

19.2

17.5

16.1

15,3

14,7

13,6

13,6

10.5

9.8

14.2

56.2

60.6

57.9

54.2

50.6

48.8

45.0

44.7

44.4

45.6

48.9

46.2

47.9

69.8

18.0

14.9

13.5

12.2

11.6

10.9

10.3

10.0

9.8

9,7

8.4

9.1

13.6

13.0

12.5

11.5

10.3

9.3

8.6

8.0

7,5

7.1

6.9

6.8

5.3

5.4

7,6

25,0

26.2

25.4

23.9

21.6

21.4

20.5

20.1

20.0

19.7

19.2

16.5

20.0

32.0

u

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.6

3.5

2.9

2.6

2,6

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.5

2.0

5,3

5,6

5.5

5,4

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.4

5.7

5.6

5,3

6.9

10.7

See footnotesat end oftable,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 33

Table 17. Birth rates for unmarried woman by age of mother and race: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-69-Con.

[Rates are iive births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of mother

15– 19 years

15-44 15-17 18-19 20-24

Year and race

25-29 30-34

years’ Total

35-39 40-44

yeara years years yeara years years year$

Black’

Race of mother:

19893 !...............,,,, .+ 90.0 103.4 77.0 141.9 142.0 100.9 59.3 25.0 5.1

Race of child:

19893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 106.7 79,0 147.3 147.0

19883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104.3 61.6

19873..................<, . .

88.9 98.3

26.1 5.3

74.1 136.1 136.2 99.2

84.7

58.7

92.6

25.3

70.4

5.3

127.5 129.9 93.6

19863. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54.2

80.9

23.5 5.1

89.9 67.4 125.0

19853, ...,,,,,.........,,..

121.4 86.7 51.1

78.6 86.6

21.6 4.7

67.0 121.1

19643’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116.1 61.4 48.8

7&8

21.3

87.1

4.5

66.8 116.2

19833’4

110.7 60.0 45.0

77.7 86.4

20.3 4.5

19823’4 :::::::::::::::::::::

67.1 114.0 110.0 82.0 45.3

79.8

20.3

87.0

4.9

67.6 115.6

19813’4 .,.,...,........,,,. ,

110.2 85,5 45,8

81.4

20.1

66.6

5.4

86.9 117.6

19803’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.5 66.4 47.2

62.9

20.4

89.2 69.6

5.8

120.2 115.1 83.9 48.2 19.6 5.6

19804’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 90.3 70.6 121.8 116.0 62.9

19754’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47.0

84.2

18.5

93.5

5.5

76,6 123.8

1970’’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108.0 75.7

95.5

50.0 20.5

96.9

7.2

77.9 136.4 131.5 100.9 71.6 32.9 10.4

'Rates computed byrelatfng total b!tihsto unmarried mothers, regardless ofageof mothar, lounmartied women aged 1544 years,

2Rates computed by relating births 10 unmarried mothers aged 40 years and over to unmarried women aged 40+4 years,

3Data for States in which marital status was not reportad have been in ferrad and included with data from the remaimng States; see Technical notes.

4Basedon 100 parcent of births In selected States and on a50.percent aampleof bklhs lnall other States; see Technical notes,

5Sirths to unmarried women are aatimated for the United Statea from data for registration areas In which marital status of mother WaS rep~iled;seeTe~h”i~ln~&.

6Baaed on a 50-percent sample of births,

‘Included in Allolher.
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report . Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 18. Number and ratio of births to unmarried women, by race of mother and of child: United States and each State, 1989

[By place of residence]

Number Ratio per 1,000 live births

Race of mother

All

Race of chid

All

Race of mother Race of child

State races’ White Black Wh{te Black races’ White Black White Black

United States,,....,.,,,...,.,

Alabama . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,

Alaska . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

Connecticut ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

District of Columbia..,,..,,,..,,,

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,

Georgia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,,

Indiana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,...

Kansas, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. ,, . .,, . . . . . . . . . ...,

Louisiana. ,, .,,,.....,,, ,.,,.,

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts, , .,...,,,.. . . .

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota .,,,........,.. . . . .

Mississippi, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana, ,, .,, ...,,,.., .,..,,

Nebraska, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

New Jersey, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico, ., . .,..,,... . ...,,

NewYork2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . .,, . . . . . . . . ,,,.,

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,...,

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,.,,

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,.

Oregon. . ., .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania .,.,......,,,. . . . .

Rhode island.,,.......,,. . . . . .

South Carolina,........,,. . . . . .

South Dakota,,.,.....,,,. . . . . .

Tennessee, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas. ..,,.......,,,.. . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia. ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia .,, .,, ,, . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,094,169

18,640

2,889

20,708

9,944

171,1s9

10,787

13,005

3,125

7,580

58,305

34,926

4,609

2,561

58,867

19,898

7,575

7,577

12,048

25,692

3,606

22,807

21,798

36,441

13,142

16,958

21,123

2,539

4,662

4,607

2,797

29,364

9,447

92,996

26,315

1,615

45,921

11,258

10,436

47,093

3,664

16,116

2,415

21,281

60,303

4,504

1,685

24,410

17,638

5,212

16,815

1,276

613,543

4,659

1,256

15,313

4,136

133,398

8,987

8,461

1,297

235

27,815

9,713

865

2,386

25,514

13,379

6,613

5,424

8,563

5,946

3,717

7,916

15,896

15,685

9,994

2,734

11,338

1,644

3,412

3,191

2,750

13,933

6,586

49,887

8,925

1,079

27,039

6,390

9,226

27,273

2,787

4,723

1,224

S,994

36,936

3,935

1,667

10,061

14,187

4,653

10,662

1,139

442,395

13,929

158

1,554

5,761

30,071

1,465

4,260

1,813

8,965

30,047

25,084

103

15

32,836

6,410

811

1,967

3,441

19,525

25

14,356

5,082

20,365

1,766

14,077

9,620

11

969

1,164

34

15,125

294

41,615

18,614

9

18,671

3,262

631

19,446

711

13,345

16

12,217

22,869

103

6

14,094

1,543

551

5,534

31

593,911

4,657

1,130

15,096

4,040

127,331

8,943

8,117

1,291

226

27,121

9,369

575

2,348

24,391

13,090

6,517

5,169

8,532

5,879

3,697

7,339

15,251

15,654

9,646

2,689

11,062

1,575

3,315

3,139

2,720

13,351

6,493

48,287

8,557

1,040

26,068

6,095

8,967

25,637

2,692

4,637

1,174

8,799

36,935

3,843

1,659

9,936

13,450

4,622

10,560

1,11s

457,480

13,931

225

1,697

5,830

34,133

1,499

4,571

1,819

6,993

30,661

25,373

144

26

33,866

6,662

878

2,164

3,468

19,568

33

14,885

5,638

20,390

1,999

14,116

9,867

17

1,039

1,191

52

15,649

351

43,045

18,895

20

19,559

3,398

764

20,959

784

13,417

47

12,391

22,872

158

10

14,210

2,006

580

5,589

39

270.8

297,9

245.9

308.2

276.9

300.3

204.6

262,9

291.2

643.0

301.9

316,7

238.0

161.2

309.3

238.4

194.1

195.6

225.5

353.1

217.9

288.9

238.2

245.4

194.6

393.9

271.3

217.4

192,5

235,0

157.1

241,0

345.4

319.1

277.3

168.8

280.1

237.6

252.8

279.0

249.5

316.0

217.8

290.8

196.0

126,6

198.4

252.2

234.0

235.2

233.5

184.9

192.2

115.4

158.1

267.4

152,6

287,3

186,1

201.6

161.7

129.8

191.4

140.0

144.8

155.6

180.1

181.5

177.1

157.2

178.6

142,7

218,1

153.6

199.5

135.2

162.2

123,8

177.1

161.5

153.6

190.3

156.6

149.5

292.9

231.2

128.2

126.8

197.1

169.7

240.2

193.5

213.4

136.6

133.5

163.2

143.1

116,6

198,1

142.4

213.2

219.0

170.2

174.4

657.2

842.0

296,4

612.5

682.1

621.2

532.0

661.4

714.3

759.3

665.7

638.7

151,2

●

756.3

713.0

767.3

606.5

674.0

655.3

320.5

600.9

608.2

679.6

720.2

687.9

749.8

*

701.7

636.4

283.3

630.3

558.9

657.9

621.7

●

740.4

842.0

696.5

772,1

647.5

600.3

●

700.9

532.2

481.3

●

603.8

530.4

665.5

799.2

413.3

189,6

118.1

151.5

268.6

150,6

283,9

188.4

196.8

162,3

133,7

189,2

137.1

128.4

154.9

174,9

179.8

176.0

153.6

179.2

142,5

216,5

146.2

195,3

136.7

159.1

122,4

175,1

159.6

151,1

192.4

156.0

145.6

294.2

227.9

125.0

125.3

192.8

171.3

239.7

185.2

209.9

135.5

130.4

161.3

144.8

115.6

197.8

142.7

209.1

218.9

170.5

173.4

644.9

637.6

319.1

547.9

678.9

602.7

460.9

652.4

702,6

754.5

657.7

633,2

153.8

279.6

751.2

692.5

696.8

579.5

646.8

652.4

266.1

598.2

592.7

660.6

677.4

687.1

738.5

*

672.1

585.3

282.6

621.9

480.2

649.4

615.4

178,6

728.8

615,2

634.6

767.5

614.9

595.9

361.5

693.5

506.5

424.7

*

589.5

502.8

625.0

774.5

393.9

‘Includes races olher than while and black,

2Maritalstalusof mother IS inferred; $e~Te~hi~aln~te~
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~ 35

Table 19. Live births by interval since last live birth, Iive-bitih order, and race of mothec United States, 1989

[Refers only to second and higher order births. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Total, Live-birth order

second and

/nterva/ since last live bicth and higher order 8 and

race of mother births’ 2 3 4 5 6 7 over

All racesz

Allintervais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 months (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . .

I-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59 months, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72months or more . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

All intewals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . .

l-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72 months ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

All intewals, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . . .

l-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17months, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23 months, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59 months.......,,,.. . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72 months ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,370,242

37,657

36,378

248,480

301,979

506,308

338,290

217,554

142,378

362,121

179,099

1,854,195

29,010

21,918

175,812

236,622

417,236

280,145

176,219

112,318

271,450

131,565

412,688

7,366

12,215

58,610

49,462

88,578

45,062

32,408

23,774

75,517

39,696

1,300,371

13,907

15,950

119,801

161,696

294,185

200,608

122,087

77,331

194,552

100,254

1,049,754

11,325

10,674

91,630

133,132

250,284

169,994

100,356

61,487

145,858

75,014

197,083

2,113

4,188

21,960

21,591

32,909

23,136

16,813

12,471

41,105

20,797

657,556

12,349

10,369

68,565

60,602

129,308

90,125

63,810

43,574

113,012

45,844

513,250

9,764

6,154

48,137

62,868

104,756

73,919

52,011

34,839

86,613

34,189

118,206

2,~87

3,676

17,169

14,407

19,635

12,962

9,429

6,945

21,831

9,965

249,785

6,583

5,390

33,308

34,905

50,003

30,153

20,455

14,042

36,110

18,836

183,430

4,800

2,833

21,460

25,785

38,740

23,655

15,797

10,670

26,434

13,256

54,862

1,581

2,228

9,968

7,449

9,051

5,286

3,786

2,708

7,991

4,814

91,415

2,859

2,550

14,212

13,266

17,976

10,005

6,751

4,539

11,663

7,574

62,289

1,965

1,221

8,120

9,154

13,063

7,361

4,921

3,301

6,188

4.995

23,529

787

1,133

5,049

3,249

3,822

2,073

1,400

976

2,851

2,189

37,393

1,047

1,139

6,369

5,630

7,636

3,965

2,494

1,652

3,973

3,266

24,370

648

473

3,379

3,902

5,430

2,833

1,764

1,166

2,708

2,065

10,066

352

540

2,323

1,436

1,626

882

553

371

1,001

982

16,740

490

472

2,948

2,864

3,528

1,722

1,039

654

1,626

1,597

10,538

276

183

1,498

1,712

2,445

1,185

724

455

1,096

964

4,601

186

233

1,051

665

760

391

238

161

422

494

16,980

422

506

3,277

3,016

3,670

1,692

918

584

1,165

1,728

10,564

232

180

1,588

1,969

2,518

1,198

646

396

753

1,062

4,341

160

217

1,090

665

775

332

189

142

316

455

‘Excludes not stated b!rth order,

21ncIudesraces other than white and black,

Table 20. Live bhths by educational attainment and race of mother and offather: Total of 48 reporting States, the District of Columbia,

and NewYork City, 1989

Education and race of mother Education and race of father

All

Years of school completed A// races’ White Black 12

races White Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,806,986 2,986,686 653,779 3,606,986 2,693,746 406,903

0-5years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,349 46,310 3,756 66,362 45,732

6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,978

57,204 52,781 2,411 52,190 49,102 1,033

7years. , .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,889 18,905 4,565 14,906 12,912

8years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,033

75,547 59,406 13,146 46,069 41,402

9yeara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,687

150,057 115,745 29,242 80,606 72,005

10years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,...

5,773

213,254 152,124 52,993 118,923 99,317

11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,851

271,846 177,057 85,537 164,704 128,733

12yeara . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436,452 1,112,071

30,134

273,113 1,234,077 995,176

13yeara . . . . . . . . ...,,..., . . . . . 284,377

195,702

227,515 46,154 162,924 152,034

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,268 274,797

24,462

53,041 290,225 242,258

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,7i o

118,775 93,377 19,062 99,602 81,277

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.., 41 8,88a 363,567

72,887

32,019 414,641 365,703

17years ormore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,632 186,537

28,074

13,088 318,872 279,874

Notstated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,647

137,449 106,696 23,630 722,863 126,221 37,932

‘Includes races other than white and black.

‘Includes bolhs with race of father not stated,

NOTE Excludas data for Washington end New York State (exclusiveof New York City), which d!d not require reporting of educational attainment of mother and father.
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 21. Live births by educational attainment of mother, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: Total of 48 reporting States,

the District of Columbia, and New York City, ?989

Years of school comD/eted bv mother

o-8 9-11 12 13-15 16 yeara

Age of mother and race Total

Not

years years years years or more stated

All races’............,,,,

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years, , .,,.......,,,,., . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years, . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years, .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . 4........ .

40 years and over,.,..,.,,,, . . . . .

Race of mother

White ..,,,.,....,.,,,..,.. . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19 years,,,......,,,,,.. . . .

15 yeara, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

16 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,. .

17years, .,.,...,,,,.. . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,.,

19years, .,,....,,,,.,.. ,,,,,

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over ..,,... . . . . . . . .

Black, ,,, ,, . ., .,,,..... ..,,,,.

Under 15yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,,..

15-19 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years.....,.......,<. ,,,,.

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,,.

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,.

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,.,.

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. ,,, ,,, ,. ...,.. .

30-34 years...,.......,.. . . .

3S39yeara. ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years andover, ,, ...,,. .,, ,,,.,

Race of child

White ,,, , .,,,..,.,,.,,,...,..

Under 15years, ,,, ,,, ..,,,. ,,,,..

15-19years, ,,, ,,, ,.,,,,, ,,,4..,

15years l, l,,,,+,,,.,,,, .+,,.

16 yeara . ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 yeara, ,,, ,, ..,,<,,,,, ,.,,.

16 years,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,, ,,,,

19yeara, ...,.,,,,,,,,,, .4...

20-24yeara, , .,,,,,,.,,,,,. ,,,,,

25-29yeara, ,,, ..,,,,,,,,,. ,,,+,

30-34yeara, , +,,,,,..,,,,, .,,,.,

35-39yeara, l., ,,, ,, $,,,,,, ,.,.,

40 years Andover,,.,.,,,,,, ,,,,,,

8ee footnotes at end of tabla

3,606,986

11,159

485,602

25,622

55,241

93,165

136,234

173,140

1,023,536

1,185,533

784,633

273,599

42,924

2.986,868

4,470

324,261

13,304

32,713

60,600

94,461

123,003

778,220

971,162

650,367

224,146

34,242

653,779

6,410

146,843

11,744

20,897

29,607

39,815

44,760

209,496

162,063

91,863

31,812

5,252

2,$)30,557

4,376

315,573

12,971

31,882

59,247

91,877

‘119,596

761,236

965,656

639,955

220,176

33,561

216,989

6,108

45,076

6,644

6,204

8,498

9,451

10,279

56,780

50,920

34,778

16,726

4,601

177,402

3,218

34,955

4,764

5,902

7,064

8,202

9,003

49,860

43,520

28,801

13,449

3,579

23,900

4,692

8,540

3,636

2,043

1,146

905

810

3,410

3,004

2,486

1,375

391

175,833

3,158

34,493

4,666

5,812

6,992

8,106

8,697

49,480

43,191

26,592

13,357

3,562

635,156

2,212

252,429

15,734

43,243

68,116

66,712

58,624

203,662

112,069

46,799

15,036

2,949

444,926

816

163,903

7,716

24,411

43,245

45,797

42,734

152,419

63,130

32,659

10,014

1,985

167,772

1,330

81,264

7,533

17,580

22,894

19,063

14,194

44,657

24,076

11,48a

3,971

784

433,976

789

159,260

7,471

23,716

42,062

44,470

41,641

146,954

81,375

31,666

9,796

1,936

1,436,452

151,730

1,367

12,563

53,760

64,020

497,432

464,261

242,067

70,255

10,707

1,112,071

100,724

806

7,696

34,773

57,449

373,712

377,872

196,590

54,976

8,195

273,113

46,561

511

4,482

17,502

24,066

106,363

70,161

34,646

11,375

1,607

1,089,280

97,645

783

7,448

33,710

55,704

365,107

371,487

193,064

53,924

6,053

746,420

16,937

209

2,972

13,756

190,073

266,970

164,652

59,549

8,039

595,689

11,116

140

1,639

9,139

142,650

233,926

152,681

46,667

6,447

120,257

5,244

59

1,027

4,15e

40,581

42,028

23,646

7,465

1,073

583,652

10,778

137

1,766

6,853

139,120

229,781

149,a79

47,638

6,266

634,520

38,627

229,842

248,864

102,354

14,813

550,104

31,357

199,401

217,514

89,155

12,677

45,107

5,025

16,606

15,635

6,452

989

542,436

30,762

196,904

214,676

67,669

12,425

137,449

639

19,430

1,444

2,427

3,779

5,319

6,461

36,962

41,471

27,253

9,679

1,615

106,696

436

13,581

624

1,594

2,635

3,650

4,678

26,202

33,313

22,122

7,663

1,359

23,630

388

5,234

575

763

1,026

1,318

1,552

7,260

6,006

3,360

1,154

208

105,378

431

13,397

814

1,571

2,608

3,803

4,601

27,816

32,918

21 ,a76

7,594

1,347
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 37

Table 21. Live births by educational attainment of mother, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: Total of 48 reporting States,

the District of Columbla, and New York City, 1989-Con.

Years of school completed by mother

O-8 9-11 12 13-15

Age of mother and race Total

16 years Not

years years years years or more stated

Black, .,.,,,.,..........,., .,.

Under 15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

15-19 years,,......,,,,,,,,,, . . .

15 years,,,,...,,,,,,,,,.. . . .

16 years,........,,,,,,,, ,.. .

17years, . . . . . .. r .,,,,,... . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . ...,..... . . .

2&24 years . ..aa. b a a . .,,.,,.,, ,,

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ,,,

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

35-39 years....,...........,.. . .

40years and over, ., ...,...., ,., ,,

687,633

6,479

152,750

11,978

21,484

30,646

41,548

47,114

220,281

170,925

97,586

33,983

5,629

24,932

4,742

8,823

3,697

2,099

1,192

973

882

3,667

3,232

2,637

1,428

403

175,044

1,344

84,466

7,698

16,056

23,709

19,869

15,032

47,098

25,181

12,009

4,124

822

287,353

48,616

527

4,635

16,192

25,262

113,818

73,942

37,031

12,033

1,813

127,185

5,467

62

1,060

4,345

42,836

44,307

25,339

a,083

1,174

48,559

5,330

17,978

17,020

7,128

1,103

24,560

393

5,378

583

760

1,048

i ,354

1,613

7,533

6,285

3,550

1,207

214

‘Includes rsces olher than white and black,

NOTE: Excludes da!a for Washington and New York State (excluswaof New York City), wh[ch dld not requre reporting of educational atfetnment of mother.
38 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 22. Live births by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 47 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1989

[By place of residence]

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto South unknown

State

Not

origins Total Mexican R/can Cuban American Hispanic Tota~ White Black stated

All reporling States . . .

Alabama. . . . .

Alaska, ,,, ,., . .,, ,,, ,,,

Arizona, ,, .,,,,,....,.,,,

Arkansas .,.,., .,.,.,,,..

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado, ,, .,,,....,..,,.,

Connecticut ...,,,,,.....,.,

Delaware .,..,,,,,,,.,,,.,

District of Columbia

Florida, , .,,,......,,,.,..

Georgia, . . . . . . . .

Hawaii !.,,.,...,.,,,,,,.,

Idaho, . .,, , ., . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. ,,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana, ,,,...

Iowa. . .,, ,, ., ..,....., . .

Kansas, ., ..,,,.. ,,,.

Kentucky, ,,, ::....,,.,., ,,

Maine.

MaWland, ,, .,::::::::::::

Massachusetts, .,, ,., .,.,, ,.

Michigan. . . . ,,,,

Minnesota, : :::::,...,,,,,

Mississippi, .,,,,...,.,,,, .,

Missouri .,.,,,.,...,,,,.

Montana .,,,,,...,.,,,, ,.,

Nebraska .,.,,.....,,.. . .

Nevada. ,,, ,,, ..,,.,,,. ,.,

New Jersey,,,....,,,,,., ,,

New Mexico, ,,, . ...,,,.,. .,

New York., . . . . . . .

North Carolina ., .,..,.... ,.,

North Dakota.,.....,.,.. ,.,

Ohio ..,,,.....,,,.,.,,.,

Oregon. .,......,.,..,,. ,,

Pennsylvania, .,.,,....,,, .,

Rhode island . ., . .,,.,..., ,,

South Carolina. ,,, ,. ..,.,,,

South Dakota... ,, .,.,,.,,,

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,.

Texas, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Virginia, . . . .

Washington .,

WestWrglnia, ,, . . . . . . . . . ,,.

Wisconsin, ,,,,. .,, ,,,..,

Wyoming, ,,,,... ,., ,,,,,.

3,903,012

62,568

11,666

67,196

35,911

569,992

52,711

49,464

10,730

11,789

193,131

110,272

19,367

15,883

190,308

63,469

39,016

38,737

53,424

17,466

78,265

91,523

148,520

67,518

43,047

77,872

11,676

24,216

19,606

121,841

27,353

291,449

102,105

9,570

163,952

41,281

168,803

14,768

57,330

11,086

73,178

307,664

35,567

8,494

96,798

75,360

22,163

72,002

6,901

532,249

330

319

18,017

321

211,838

8,466

4,809

319

734

25,313

1,793

1,951

1,177

21,777

1,590

572

1,704

283

115

2,092

7,762

4,161

1,041

111

920

265

752

2,425

17,528

11,898

49,964

1,498

8a

2,232

2,230

5,262

1,091

507

93

389

107,197

1,890

45

2,456

4,821

61

1,636

408

327,233

140

165

17,263

227

163,349

3,823

120

74

36

4,430

933

272

961

14,836

1,185

300

1,288

145

22

483

218

2,414

678

41

883

121

568

1,784

636

2,501

2,931

793

42

1,000

1,989

344

45

227

70

187

94,334

1,084

7

435

2,84a

19

1,066

314

56,229

45

47

137

10

1,683

101

3,528

190

17

3,685

262

540

11

3,234

190

21

63

49

8

196

4,684

369

86

7

59

10

17

60

7,335

33

22,031

283

5

836

25

4,032

366

102

6

63

738

40

4

271

133

6

406

3

10,842

14

4

23

3

832

14

51

7

13

7,100

70

14

1

170

8

5

18

6

6

59

114

77

16

6

16

3

4

85

938

16

619

50

3

34

10

83

3

22

1

15

192

11

1

60

28

2

13

2

72,443

49

22

232

13

24,599

100

433

18

602

7,940

308

52

15

1,282

67

25

91

4

9

1,195

2,542

198

51

12

80

5

7

217

4,141

52

20,773

166

8

113

97

355

509

6

46

4,294

121

3

1,397

130

2

56

6

65,502

az

81

362

66

21,173

4,428

677

30

66

2,158

220

1,073

189

2,453

140

221

244

79

70

159

204

1,103

210

45

82

126

156

279

4,478

9,296

3,610

206

30

249

109

448

168

150

14

78

7,639

634

30

293

1,682

32

95

83

3,297,493

62,111

11,334

48,898

35,299

355,386

44,187

40,009

10,404

11,003

167,221

107,779

17,411

14,664

165,528

81,538

38,42?

36,540

52,705

16,338

73,776

82,784

137,204

60,707

42,498

76,804

10,928

23,180

17,165

104,043

15,444

231,255

100,433

9,423

161,534

39,005

163,351

10,843

56,749

10,983

72,753

199,778

33,644

7,375

71,780

68,620

21,896

70,296

6,466

2,526,367

39,991

7,649

39,367

26,595

252,452

39,873

34,028

7,726

1,598

120,558

67,115

5,407

14,155

120,912

71,925

36,797

32,396

47,345

16,093

48,763

72,244

105,509

55,801

21,590

63,037

9,472

21,206

14,401

77,391

10,663

162,813

68,115

8,370

134,941

36,254

135,972

9,525

34,082

9,081

54,710

150,746

31,686

7,322

52,059

60,258

21,009

61,030

6.115

611,269

21,628

527

2,464

6,413

47,343

2,714

5,097

2,514

9,168

44,777

39,193

663

49

39,862

8,927

1,041

3,210

5,009

65

22,655

7,104

29,299

1,953

20,414

12,795

30

1,379

1,819

22,372

510

56,538

29,865

69

25,084

897

24,819

829

22,164

73

17,411

42,630

210

19

17,72a

2,783

819

6,864

73

73,270

127

13

281

291

2,770

58

4,646

7

52

597

700

5

42

3,003

341

25

493

436

1,013

2,397

977

7,155

5,770

438

148

485

284

16

270

11

10,230

174

59

186

46

190

2,834

74

10

36

669

33

1,074

22,562

1,919

206

70

27

‘Includes races other than white and black,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~39

Table 23. Number and percent distribution of live births by race of mother and of child, according to Hispanic origin of mothefi Total of

47 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1989

Origin of mother

Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto South

Race

unknown NonoriginsNot

Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Hispanic stated

Race of mother

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

56,229 10,842 72,443

53,499 10,529 65,777

2,011 263 5,273

719 50 1,393

3,903,012

3,095,509

638,126

169,377

100.0

79.3

16.3

4.3

3,903,012

3,037,714

673,693

191,605

100.0

77.8

17.3

4.9

532,249

513,998

11,549

6,702

327,233

323,504

2,016

1,713

65,502

60,689

1,986

2,827

3,297,493

2,526,367

611,269

159,857

73,270

55,144

15,308

2,818

Percent distribution

100.0 100.0 100.0

95.1 97.1 90.6

3.6 2.4 7.3

1.3 0.5 1.9

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

96.6

2.2

1.3

100.0

98.9

0.6

0.5

100.0

92.7

3.0

4.3

100.0

76.6

18,5

4.6

100.0

75.3

20.9

3.8

Number

532,249

501,750

19,891

10,606

327,233

316,217

5,071

3,945

56,229 10,842 72,443

50,212 10,351 64,538

4,936 382 6,125

1,081 109 1,780

65,502

58,432

3,377

3,693

3,297,493

2,461,695

637,922

177,876

73,270

54,269

15,880

3,121

Percent distribution

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

94.3

3.7

2.0

100,0

97.2

1.5

1.2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

69.2

5.2

5.6

100,0

75.3

19.3

5.4

100.0

74.1

21.7

4.3

69.3 95.5 89.1

6.8 3.5 8.5

1.9 1.0 2.5

NOTE: Excludes Loulslana, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma, wtichdld notrepofl Hispan[c or,g!nof mo!heron the bnhceti!ficate.

Table 24. Estimated birth and fertility rates and birth rates by age and Hispanic origin of mothec United States, 1989

[Birth rates by age of mother are live births per 1,000 women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Hispanic

All

Central and

Puerto South NonMeasure origins Tota~ Mexican Rican Cuban American i-hspank-?

Birth rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ferfdifyrate’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.3

69,2

26.2

104.9

25.7

106.6

23.7

86.6

10.0

49.6

28.3

95.8

15.4

65,7

Bhth rates by age of mother

10-14years. .,, ,. .,,.... . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years, . .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4

56.1

115.4

116.6

76.2

29.7

5.2

0.2

2.3

100,8

184,4

146.6

92.1

43.5

10.4

0.6

2.0

94.5

184.3

153.7

96.1

41.0

11.1

0.6

3.6

112.7

171.0

98.0

65.2

26,9

6,3

0.3

0.5

25.1

64.2

101.8

73.7

27.2

3.0

0.3

1.7

66.4

159.2

150.4

65.1

60.3

12.7

0.8

1.3

53.4

107.6

113.4

74.7

28.6

4.6

0.2

‘Includes other and unknown Hlspamc or!gm not shown separately.

‘Includes Orlgm not stated.

3Rate per l,OOO1otal population,

4Rale per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years,

NOTE: Rates by H6panm onghr computed on the basis of births which include estimates for Loumana, New Hampshtre, and Oklahoma, which d!d not report Hispanic origin of mother on the

b!tihcetilflcate. Thssethree Stateaeccount forlessthanl percent ofall Hispanic tiflhsin the United States (see Technical notes) .RatesfOr ''AIIorlgins'' aremmputed onthebasls Ofall U.S.

births, regardless of origlm these rates are not estimated.
40 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 25. Live births by age and Hlspanlc origin of mother snd by race of mother for mothers of non-HLspanicorigin: Total of 4.7

repotiing States and the District of Columbla, 1989

Origin of mother

Hispan/c Non-H/span/c

Central and Other and

Ail Puerto South unknown

Age of mother origins’ Total Mex/can Rican Cuban American Hjsparr/c Tots? White Black

Alleges ., .,, ., ...,..,. 3,903,012 532,249 327,233 56,229 10,842 72,443 65,502 3,297,493 2,526,367 611,269

Under 15 years .,, . . . . . . . . 10,948 2,125 1,345 345 10 127 296 8,616 2,375 5,993

15–19 years,.,,,...,,,,, 465,434 86,755 55,666 11,993 747 8,079 12,270 389,662 239,30S 137,505

15years, . .,, . . . . . . . . . 25,560 5,194 3,209 842 43 266 834 19,691 6,216 10,992

16 years.,,....,.,,,., 54,905 10,719 6,645 1,559 85 619 1,611 43,169 22,132 19,565

17 years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . 93,042 17,467 11,202 2,526 154 1,137 2,466 73,806 43,642 27,715

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,387 23,952 15,408 3,299 166 1,713 3,346 111,853 71,036 37,318

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,540 29,403 19,002 3,765 279 2,344 4,013 140,943 94,277 41,915

20-24 years.....,....,.. 1,036,156 169,667 106,016 19,391 2,415 19,757 20,106 647,694 619,006 195,346

25-29 yeara. .,.,...,.,., 1,221,366 149,466 69,453 14,136 4,233 23,548 18,118 1,049,740 647,236 151,770

30-34 years,.........,.. 618,011 65,127 49,940 7,266 2,409 15,256 10,256 716,968 569,117 66,006

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,296 32,595 19,004 2,592 889 6,359 3,751 247,570 200,336 29,744

40-44 years, . ., .,......, 43,235 6,203 3,642 489 133 1,262 677 35,991 26,129 4,721

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566 269 167 17 6 55 24 1,252 663 180

‘Includes origin not slated,

‘Includes racea other thsn white and black,

NOTE Excludes LOuia(ana,New Hampshire, and Oklshoma, which did not report Hispamc or!gin of mother on the birth certifmate,

Table 26. Percent of births with selected characteristics, by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of norwHispanlc

origin: Total of 47 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1989

Or/g/n of mother

H/sparr!c Non-Hjspanic

Central and Other and

Aff Puerto South unknown

Characteristic odgins’ Total Mexican Rican Cuban Arnedcan Hispanic Tots? White Black

Fourth and higher-order bitihs , , . . . . , , 10.2 15.5 17.7 12.6

Sif’ths tounmarrled mothers. . . . . , .

5.8

27.0 35.5 31.7 55.2 17.5

Mothers completing 12 years or more

ofschoo13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, .,.. 76.8 47.2 38.7 56.2 62.1

Mothers born inthe United States , , , , . , . 85.2 41.3 40,0 55%3 19.2

Mothers who began prenatal care

lntheflrst trimester,,,..,,,,,.. . . . . . 75.5 59.5 56,7 62.7 63.2

Mothers whohadlate orno prenatal care , , . 6.5 13.0 14,6 11.3 4,0

SIRhsof low bldhwelght4, ,,, ,,, ,,, , ,., 7.0 6.2 5.6 9.5 5.6

Preterm blflhs5 .,,.,..,,,,.,,., ,., ,, 10.6 11.1 10,7 13,6 9.3

l-mlnute Apgarscore less than7E. , ., , , , , 6.8 7.6 &3 7s3 4,9

5-minute Apgarscore lees than 76, . ., , , , 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.0

12.0

38.9

56.3

4.0

60.6

11.9

6.6

10.7

6.4

1,3

12.4 9.4 7,9 14.5

37.0 25.6 16,1 66.0

65.5 61.5 64,7 70.1

80.7 92.2 95.9 93!0

66.0 78,0 82.7 59.9

9.3 5.4 3.7 120

6.7 7,1 5,6 13,6

11.3 10.5 8.4 19,0

6.6 6.9 8,3 11,6

1.5 1,6 1.3 2.9

‘Includes orlgln not stated,

‘Includes races other than while and bleck,

3Excludes dslafor New York elete(excluslve of New York ClW) end Washington, whlohdld notrequire repofllng ofeducetlonal aflalnmen! ofmolher,

%lrth weight of Ieee them 2,500 grame (6 lb 8 OZ),

5~orn prior to 37 completed weeks of Oestslion,

eEx~ludesdata ror Callfornls snd Texas,which dld not require reporting of either 1. or 5.minute AP9ar score,

NOTE Exoludes Loulslsna, New Hampshire, and 0!4ahoms, which dld not reporf Hlspsnlc orlgln of mother on tha blrlh cartlflcate,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) c December 12, 1991 ~ 41

Table 27. Live births by age of mother and specified race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

All American

Asian or Pacific Islander

Age of mofher races’ White Black hrdiar? Chinese Japanese Hawaiian Filipino Other

Race of mother

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . ..c . . . . . . . . ..c . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years.........,.,,,.. . . . . .

45-49 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,040,958

11,466

506,503

26,730

57,279

97,035

144,350

181,109

1,077,596

1,263,098

842,395

293,678

44,401

1,599

4,040,958

11,486

506,503

26,730

57,279

97,035

144,350

181,109

1,077,598

1,263,098

842,395

293,878

44,401

1,599

3,192,355

4,630

340,472

13,869

34,133

63,734

99,302

129,434

624,189

1,040,659

702,963

242,467

35,795

1,180

3,131,991

4,527

331,204

13,517

33,236

62,080

96,567

125,804

806,056

1,024,006

691,735

236,202

35,111

1,150

673,124

6,560

150,699

12,046

21,412

30,372

40,868

45,999

215,557

167,260

94,766

32,845

5,236

201

709,395

6,640

156,969

12,294

22,015

31,476

42,702

48,482

227,099

176,748

100,906

35,191

5,633

209

39,476

138

7,608

405

900

1,534

2,133

2,636

13,106

10,394

5,636

2,162

417

17

49,267

144

9,139

459

1,041

1,613

2,594

3,232

16,343

13,198

7,219

2,702

500

22

20,962

2

206

9

17

37

63

80

1,650

7,150

8,136

3,365

456

17

22,507

3

271

11

16

51

78

113

1,866

7,543

8,709

3,609

488

18

6,889

3

230

16

16

45

56

97

829

2,536

3,378

1,459

247

5

10,567

4

303

13

25

59

86

120

1,065

3,134

4,024

1,726

299

10

5,609

15

950

27

108

182

290

343

1,931

1,559

808

291

53

2

8,130

22

1,309

40

139

258

397

475

2,612

2,325

1,286

491

83

2

24,585

16

1,420

63

128

252

354

623

4,499

7,226

7,248

3,454

696

26

26,078

22

1,642

77

156

279

422

708

5,016

7,731

7,464

3,486

685

30

73,210

114

4,604

272

534

819

1,199

1,780

14,974

25,417

18,895

7,606

1,452

148

79,472

116

5,285

297

610

948

1,402

16,506

27,325

20,367

8,178

1,541

154

‘Includes births of other races not shown separately.

21nclua’es births to Aleuts and Eskimos.
42 ~ Monthly \/ital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991

Table 28. Live births by birth weight and percent low birth weight, by specified race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

All American

Asian or Pacific Islander

Birth wetgh$ raced White Black lnd/an3 Chinese Japanese Hawaiian Filipino Other

Race of mother

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 2,500 grams, . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500–l,999 grams . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams. . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . .

Not stated,..,,......,,,,.. . .

Less than 2,500 grams...,.,.. . . . .

Race of child

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 2,500 grams . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500–l,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 2,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,040,958

284,391

5,465

19,880

26,444

54,301

178,301

649,004

1,477,630

1,183,050

368,154

65,196

8,300

5,233

7.0

4,040,958

284,391

5,465

19,880

26,444

54,301

178,301

649,004

1,477,630

1,183,050

388,154

65,196

8,300

5,233

7.0

3,192,355

182,335

2,950

11,346

18,042

34,600

117,397

455,048

1,152,663

1,005,114

327,570

58,747

7,224

3,854

5.7

3,131,991

178,152

2,891

11,057

15,669

33,778

114,757

445,323

1,130,410

987,398

322,238

57,772

7,104

3,594

5.7

673,124

90,720

2,376

7,976

9,462

17,741

53,165

159,423

253,468

133,422

29,363

4,578

752

1,378

13,5

709,395

93,377

2,409

6,174

9,703

18,261

54,830

165,275

266,554

144,059

32,687

5,184

836

1,423

13.2

39,478 20,982

2,469 1,026

34 10

151 49

211 68

476 151

1,597 748

5,825 3,968

14,132 9,311

12,026 5,442

3,990 1,060

832 130

138 28

66 17

Percent

6.3 4.9

Number

49,267 22,507

3,129 1,115

43 18

185 58

275 76

614 167

2,012 796

7,319 4,258

17,639 9,867

15,014 6,910

4,914 1,167

1,021 142

162 31

69 17

Percent

6.4 5.0

8,689

579

5

28

42

117

367

1,925

3,660

2,014

434

46

6

5

6.7

10,567

679

6

40

46

134

453

2,147

4,393

2,672

591

74

5

6

6.4

5,609

408

10

22

31

73

272

1,100

2,084

1,524

418

55

10

10

7.3

8,130

587

11

32

49

103

392

1,580

3,045

2,190

606

92

14

16

7.2

24,585

1,806

21

83

171

313

1,216

5,447

10,064

5,699

1,341

192

25

11

7.3

26,076

1,907

21

,:

3:13

1,292

5,680

10,744

6,079

1,422

208

28

10

7.3

73,210

4,836

56

213

385

601

3,381

15,726

31,026

17,057

3,766

597

111

89

6.6

79,472

5,187

63

237

413

871

3,603

16,780

33,529

18,815

4,282

671

113

95

6.5

‘Equivalents of the gram weights m pounds andouncaa are shown inthe Technical notes.

21nciudes bwlhs of other races not shown separately.

31ncludes bmhstoAleuts and Esk!mos.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 43

Table 29. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

,4// Ist and 2d 3d 4h-6th 7th-9th No prenatal Not

Age of mother and race births months month months months care stated

All races’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeara, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yeareandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

Whit e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeafs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5-2?fyeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seefootnotesat end of table.

4,040,958

11,466

506,503

26,730

57,279

97,035

144,350

161,109

1,077,596

1,263,098

842,395

293,878

46,000

3,192,355

4,s30

340,472

13,869

34,133

63,734

99,302

129,434

S24,189

1,040,659

702,963

242,467

36,975

673,124

6,560

150,699

12,048

21,412

30,372

40,868

45,969

215,557

167,260

94,766

32,845

5,437

3,131,991

4,527

331,204

13,517

33,236

96:567

125,804

806,056

1,024,006

691,735

238,202

36,261

2,156,451

2,215

154,932

6,090

14,70s

27,552

44,275

62,307

492,412

757,654

539,640

163,995

25,603

1,820,643

991

111,405

3,417

9,333

19,1s9

32,241

47,225

401,875

656,209

4&3,833

158,737

21,593

252,872

1,174

39,522

2,533

4,995

7,640

10,949

13,405

76,320

73,660

44,886

15,049

2,261

1,790,848

974

108,333

3,323

9,080

18,656

31,384

45,910

393,947

647,047

463,22s

156,128

21,193

828,054

1,911

110,790

5,285

11,895

21,426

31,861

40:223

232,945

252,486

i 63,261

57,404

9,257

6.53,155

797

77,965

2,921

7,473

14,865

22,960

29,746

180,340

205,971

134,309

46,435

7,338

137,798

1,066

29,756

2,216

4,101

5,972

8,177

9,280

44,491

34,712

19,496

7,104

1,173

640,151

772

75,929

2,857

7,275

14,520

22,333

28,944

176,261

202,484

131,928

45,577

7,193

715,933

4,619

165,589

10,282

21,036

32,997

46,978

54,296

239,149

170,784

93,677

34,s59

7,276

496,705

1,744

105,809

5,066

12,051

20,701

31,112

36,879

167,889

123,256

67,644

25,059

5,304

1S2,960

2,76S

54,375

4,877

8,359

11,219

14,33s

15,582

61,218

37,245

19,214

6,856

1,284

484,333

1,703

102,883

4,921

11,721

20,160

30,237

35,824

163,519

120,457

66,098

24,506

5,187

168,723

1,573

42,886

2,950

5,549

8,621

12,035

13,731

59,128

37,226

18,914

7,320

1,676

113,853

632

26,819

1,477

3,136

5,428

7,629

9,149

40,706

26,006

13,245

5,219

1,226

44,574

892

14,377

1,350

2,174

2,880

3,960

4,013

15,330

8,389

3,959

1,360

267

111,112

623

26,094

1,441

3,C69

5,264

7,411

6,689

39,697

25,419

12,949

5,12e

1,204

86,188

758

16,992

1,307

2,487

3,749

5,363

6,086

29,252

20,650

11,094

4,3W

1,082

50,184

317

10.590

“624

1,279

2,015

3,061

3,611

17,185

12,044

6,544

2,761

743

33,045

415

7,907

656

1,139

1,632

2,158

2,322

11,206

7,801

4,074

1,370

272

49,084

311

10,347

617

1,252

1,974

2,991

3,513

16,818

11,784

6,3S4

2,70S

732

85,609

410

13,314

816

1,S04

2,690

3,738

4,466

24,712

24,318

15,809

5,940

1,106

57,815

149

7,884

364

861

1,536

2,299

2,824

16,194

17,173

11,388

4,256

771

21,875

245

4,762

416

644

1,029

1,286

1,37

6,992

5,453

3,137

1,106

160

56,463

147

7,636

356

63e

1,4s6

2,231

2,724

15,814

16,805

11,150

4,154
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 29. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989-Con.

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

All Ist and 2d 3d 4th-8th 7th-9th No prenatal Not

Age of mother and race births months month months months care stated

Black, ,, .,. 709,395 269,232 145,749 191,208 46,502 33,908 22,796

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 6,640 1,183 1,087 2,7S9 903 422

15-19 years, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,

246

156,969 41,521 31,106 56,426 14,891 8,098 4,927

15years, , .,, , . .,, .,,.,.., ,,, 12,294 2,599 2,260 4,978 1,377 660 420

16years, ,, .,,,.,,.. . . . 22,015 5,155 4,223 6,597 2,222 1,158 660

17years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,476 7,980 6,190 11,587 2,987 1,668 1,064

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,702 11,496 8,596 14,954 4,109 2,213 1,334

19years, ,, ., ., .,,..... . . 48,482 14,291 9,837 16,310 4,196 2,389

20-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,449

227,099 61,123 47,043 64,127 16,051 11,492 7,263

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176,748 78,399 36,758 39,069 8,810 8,003 5,709

3M4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,906 48,184 20,898 20,216 4,140 4,201

35-39yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,289

35,191 18,377 7,606 7,202 1,420 1,411

40yeareandover. ,. ...,,.. . . . . .

1,173

5,842 2,465 1,251 1,369 287 281 189

‘ Incluaes races other than white and black.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~ 45

Table 30. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, and race of mother and of child:

United States, 1989

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

1st and 2d 3d 4th-6th 71h-9th No prenata/ Not

Number prenatal visits and race All births months month months months care stated

All races’, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2 visits...,,.......,,. . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. .,....

5-6visits .,........,,.. . . . . . . . .

7-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9–10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-16visits, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

Whit e...,,,,........,.. . . . . . . .

Novwits .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2vtsits, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, , .,.........,,,,. . . . . . . .

Novmts,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-zvlslts, . ., . ...,.,... . . . . . . . .

3-4vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6vmits ., . .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8vrsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-lovlsits, . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . . . .

11-12visits ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14vism .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, .,..,

17-18vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19vmtsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, .,...

Race of child

White, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,,.

3~visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. .,....

5-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

4,040,956

86,188

74,982

132,074

243,428

392,788

763,620

1,031,619

595,756

391,661

85,342

131,426

112,074

3,192,355

50,164

44,869

82,686

164,788

289,299

597,801

869,330

511,880

325,590

72,216

105,904

77,806

673,124

33,045

25,937

41,193

64,101

61,766

129,131

123,865

63,231

51,954

10,079

21,160

27,662

3,131,991

49,084

43,728

60,638

160,871

263,129

586,039

854,976

503,564

319,575

70,777

103,609

76,003

2,156,451

8,000

16,174

45,300

118,535

350,514

676,145

444,117

301,327

65,878

100,191

29,470

1,820,643

. . .

5,418

10,196

31,865

92,605

288,235

565,362

389,021

255,472

56,747

83,195

22,505

252,872

. . .

2,964

5,059

10,887

19,463

45,994

66,879

40,304

35,231

6,800

13,641

5,650

1,790,848

,..

5,294

9,946

31,162

90,91 i

283,308

576,659

383,217

251,112

55,686

87,506

22,047

828,054

. . .

6,586

14,599

41,768

90,619

212,359

243,195

111,079

62,534

14,165

19,989

11,161

653,155

. . .

3,870

9,053

28,756

68,161

166,390

200,499

91,941

50,084

11,512

15,170

7,719

137,798

2,439

4,722

10,461

17,326

35,560

32,997

15,000

10,016

2,147

4,179

2,949

640,151

3,766

8,822

28,071

66,796

163,171

196,847

90,164

48,973

11,239

14,764

7,516

715,933

19,495

53,206

112,692

156,595

183,514

103,153

36,684

24,810

4,669

9,919

11,194

496,705

. . .

10,545

31,930

74,446

109,603

131,124

76,540

27,900

17,777

3,479

6,619

6,742

182,960

. . .

7,978

17,985

31,603

38,461

43,406

22,196

7,236

6,110

1,004

2,973

3,988

484,333

10,238

31,141

72,633

106,942

127,805

74,713

27,226

17,291

3,385

6,415

6,544

168,723

. . .

37,154

45,234

40,151

23,107

11,499

4,228

1,453

1,140

211

594

3,952

113,853

. . .

23,510

29,937

27,607

16,381

6,172

3,132

1,095

853

163

396

2,607

44,574

11,320

12,389

10,027

5,372

2,698

901

290

240

39

179

1,119

111,112

22,954

29,196

26,944

15,987

7,977

3,050

1,071

837

160

386

2,550

66,188

86,188

. .

. . .

.,.

. . .

. . .

,.,

. . .

. . .

. . .

50,184

50,184

. .

.

. . .

.

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

.

. . .

33,045

33,045

. . .

,,.

. .

.

,.,

. . .

. . .

.

. . .

.

49,084

49,084

. . .

. .

. . .

. .

. . .

. . .

. .

. .

. . .

. . .

85,609

. . .

2,947

2,659

3,517

3,932

5,734

4,898

2,423

1,850

419

733

56,297

57,815

1,526

1,566

2,114

2,549

3,680

3,777

1,923

1,404

317

524

38,233

21,875

.

1,236

1,038

1,123

1,122

1,473

892

401

357

89

188

13,956

56,463

1,4+6

1,531

2,061

2,493

3,780

3,707

1,686

1,362

307

516

37,344
46 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~

Table 30. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, and race of mother and of child:

United States, 1989- Con.

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

Ist and 2d 3d 4th–6th 7th–9th No prerrata/ Not

Number prenatal visits and race All births months month months months care stated

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709,395 269,232 145,749 191,208 46,502 33,908 22,796

No visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,908 33,908

l-2 visits. . . . . . .

.

26,763 3,055 2,51’5

3~vialts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,,.,.

.9,;90 11,718 ,., 1,277

42,637 5,223 4,890 18,545 12,912 1,067

5-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

66,734 11,319 10,966

7-8visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ,,...

32,804 10,480 . 1,185

65,716 20,478 16,193 40,235 5,654 1,158

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

136,197 48,766 37,465 45,592 2,839 1,533

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

132,093 71,673 35,135 23,402 955 928

13-14viaits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

67,782 43,319 16,056 7,676 310 421

15-16vislts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.!.

55,329 37,570 10,686 6,439 246 368

17-18vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

10,866 7,358 2,309 1,063 41

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.,. 95

22,489 14,551 4,445 3,114 186 193

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

28,879 5,918 3,069 4,140 1,161 . . . 14,571

‘Includes races other than white and black.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~ 47

Table 31. Live births by period of gestation, birth weight, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989

Period of gestation

All Under 28 28-31 32-35 36 37-39

Birth weight and race

40 41 42 weeks

births

Not

weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks and over stated

Allraces2. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams...,.....,.. . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams........,,. . . . . .

4,0004,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more .,,...... . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams.........,.. . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams ...,,.... . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

2,000 -2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams......,,,. . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams, . . . . . . . . . . ...,,

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . ,, .,,.

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Lessthan 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

4,040,958

5,465

19,880

26,444

54,301

176,301

649,004

1,477,630

1,183,050

368,154

65,196

6,300

5,233

3,192,355

2,950

11,346

16,042

34,600

117,397

455,048

1,152,663

1,005,114

327,570

56,747

7,224

3,654

673,124

2,376

7,976

9,462

17,741

53,165

159,423

253,466

133,422

29,363

4,578

752

1,376

3,131,991

2,691

11,057

15,669

33,778

114,757

445,323

1,130,410

987,396

322,238

57,772

7,104

3,594

26,337

4,957

14,162

4,322

1,466

1,103

1,598

709

1S,248

2,674

7,948

2,365

641

478

774

366

12,309

2,160

5,837

1,830

806

592

764

320

14,867

2,622

7,741

2,306

624

468

759

367

49,177

201

4,027

12,941

11,058

5,394

6,006

6,407

2,952

191

29,001

106

2,375

6,090

6,952

2,838

2,951

3,622

1,964

103

18,410

69

1,543

4,416

3,751

2,392

2,785

2,484

866

84

26,343

103

2,330

7,903

6,803

2,764

2,892

3,536

1,914

98

201,533

15

599

5,731

24,865

51,743

51,645

42,213

19,244

4,437

654

129

258

132,324

5

369

3,525

16,190

34,657

33,399

26,739

13,346

3,344

493

95

162

60,204

10

206

1,983

7,635

15,133

15,916

13,146

4,697

846

117

27

86

129,470

5

356

3,437

15,798

33,692

32,731

26,178

13,062

3,278

482

92

159

142,545

1

66

628

4,277

23,161

50,568

42,196

16,864

3,875

648

122

115

101,572

1

38

414

2,798

15,672

35,801

30,477

12,614

3,088

514

77

76

34,603

24

193

1,333

6,546

12,518

9,739

3,445

630

110

31

34

99,513

1

36

405

2,733

15,333

35,046

29,901

12,380

3,020

503

77

78

1,617,631

1

158

1,327

8,193

65,026

325,555

672,559

424,306

102,149

15,559

2,047

951

1,283,365

107

601

5,286

43,033

229,665

522,780

356,472

69,185

13,626

1,701

689

276,454

.

1

47

464

2,546

18,868

77,299

115,352

50,632

9,402

1,383

245

215

1,240,063

102

767

5,172

42,111

224,834

513,084

350,434

87,771

13,415

1,674

679

693,511

5

74

292

1,316

13,197

99,198

335,926

319,781

103,900

17,300

1,994

528

735,950

3

51

162

648

8,690

71,237

268,147

275,547

93,401

15,714

1,723

427

120,748

2

17

117

410

3,860

22,663

51,972

32,652

7,603

1,172

196

84

722,628

3

49

159

826

8,475

69,688

262,974

270,659

92,002

15,480

1,699

414

571,646

1

39

195

739

8,796

51,116

191,604

217,260

84,749

16,814

2,130

383

482,819

1

31

116

462

4,498

37,419

155,390

190,006

77,105

15,507

1,960

322

68,524

8

70

241

2,001

11,255

28,149

20,266

5,453

909

121

51

474,104

1

30

116

451

4,396

36,644

152,415

186,726

75,634

15,242

1,928

317

478,267

4

43

299

1,189

8,705

53,489

166,792

167,882

64,465

13,376

1,726

297

389,020

4

31

177

726

5,585

37,332

130,642

143,073

57,499

12,160

1,555

236

71,297

10

112

421

2,782

13,711

29,228

19,002

5,062

820

102

47

381,150

4

31

174

711

5,444

36,485

127,859

140,267

56,482

11,940

1,522

231

57,909

260

710

709

1,176

3,174

9,829

19,931

14,721

4,579

845

152

1,601

43,056

158

396

390

697

1,946

6,450

14,866

12,092

3,948

733

113

1,269

10,575

114

284

277

398

991

2,510

3,398

1,662

387

67

30

457

41,833

152

382

382

660

1,872

6,244

14,463

11,754

3,651

710

112

1,251
48 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991

Table 31. Live births by period of gestation, birth weight, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1989-Con.

Periodof gestation

All Under 28 28-31 32-35 36 37–39

Birth weigh? and race

40 41 42 weeks Not

births weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks and over stated

Black .,,,,,...,., ,., ,., ., ,.

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . .

4500-999 grams ,,, ,. .,, ., .,

1,000-1,499 grams . ...,,,.,. ,,, ,,,

1,500-1,999 grams, ..,,,..,. ,, .,,,

2,000-2,499 grams

2,500-2,999 grams

3,000-3,499 grams

3,500-3,999 grams

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . .

Not stated ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ..,.

709,395

2,409

8,174

9,703

18,281

54,830

165,275

266,554

144,059

32,687

5,”184

836

1,423

12,553

2,192

5,974

1,870

820

598

777

322

18,853

90

1,579

4.537

3,844

2,446

2,835

2,542

892

8S

62,114

10

214

2,043

8,086

15,639

16,368

13,522

5,095

893

128

28

88

35,913

26

200

1,368

6,761

13,000

10,111

3,600

863

118

32

34

290,492

1

50

471

2,623

19,431

80,196

121,089

54,313

10,303

1,529

264

222

f 28,469

2

18

119

422

4,000

23,512

54,913

35,390

8,486

1,323

215

89

73,670

8

70

249

2,062

11,711

29,865

22,205

6,238

1,069

140

53

76,060

10

112

428

2,868

14,244

30,697

20,718

5,665

941

126

51

11,251

11

295

281

421

1,025

2,632

3,615

1,846

439

76

31

476

‘Equivalents of the gram wetghts m pounds and ounces are shown m the Technical notes 21ncludes races other than white and black,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~ 49

Table 32. Live births by 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1989

5-minute score

l-minute scare and race

Not

Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 stated

3,115,917

2,514

20,675

20,620

26,551

38,439

59,644

104,176

285,103

1,225,521

1,274,835

30,246

27,593

2,432,242

1,465

12,981

13,858

18,428

27,534

44,305

80,466

227,309

976,201

984,109

24,793

18,793

576,668

959

7,077

6,142

7,357

9,74a

13,582

20,720

48,867

204,318

245,535

4,762

7,601

2,392,843

1,442

12,719

13,584

18,066

27,027

43,573

79,165

223,600

962,213

968,551

24,512

18,391

2,542

1,056

724

153

60

21

16

21

59

191

223

9

9

1,490

550

442

89

36

11

5

4

45

143

157

5

3

974

6,765

351

4,979

764

254

74

45

31

36

79

88

4

40

3,870

232

2,800

446

141

38

24

14

28

55

61

4

25

2,713

112

2,050

316

105

34

20

16

7

15

21

15

3,796

229

2,751

435

137

37

22

14

28

55

61

4

23

3,248

217

1,111

1,255

266

125

57

50

56

55

33

23

1,900

134

674

713

146

67

32

29

31

42

22

10

1,255

73

410

504

111

53

24

21

25

12

11

11

1,867

133

661

700

144

66

31

29

31

42

21

9

3,274

179

1,398

740

499

128

61

61

63

65

35

1

24

1,957

109

634

453

273

65

52

38

37

36

23

1

16

1,204

64

513

258

4,976

158

1,625

1,439

801

421

111

100

99

131

66

3

24

3,165

101

1,031

930

9,216

114

2,015

2,129

2,101

1,269

720

196

248

248

t 22

1

35

6,011

75

1,263

1,385

1,423

862

457

119

165

154

63

1

24

2,948

36

19,850

80

2,369

3,092

3,924

4,264

3,3ai

1,638

491

367

170

4

50

50,351

80

2,230

3,440

5,350

7,902

11,136

11,549

6,120

1,766

671

9

98

235,236

68

2,080

3,686

6,520

11,397

19,782

39,240

62,481

67,273

2,202

39

26a

181,536

40

1,430

2,741

4,613

8,253

14,701

30,149

64,649

2,272,165

117

1,879

3,460

6,444

12,310

23,332

49,064

187,892

i ,104,802

881,846

293

726

480,760

42

80

133

239

444

908

2,128

7,420

50,198

386,964

29,830

354

27,530

52

165

109

93

64

75

98

138

346

395

53

25,942

13,573

50

1,535

2,062

2,640

2,925

2,411

1,173

366

267

116

3

25

36,665

45

1,512

2,364

3,714

5,576

8,103

6,765

4,754

1,328

461

6

55

1,767,932

71

1,304

2,520

4,697

9,046

17,644

36,270

150,661

878,913

664,120

248

438

395,303

25

64

97

191

367

760

1,772

6,423

43,843

317,060

24,463

238

18,620

33

92

56

51

34

50

66

87

255

269

30

17.797

503

268

66

67

63

79

40

1

16

1,672

48

1,697

31

146

46,265

24

575

1,035

1,707

2,804

4,496

7,960

15,223

11,889

435

8

109

178,461

37

1,405

2,691

4,519

8,102

14,453

29,639

63,556

52,215

1,668

30

144

5,728

26

777

933

1,167

1,220

885

424

116

88

48

1

23

12,263

33

658

967

1,502

2,103

2,731

2,489

1,187

378

195

2

38

424,696

43

496

835

1,542

2,840

.4,953

9,339

31,312

186,564

166,462

38

252

69,410

15

14

35

45

68

125

305

609

5,090

56,113

4,687

104

7,520

17

68

43

41

29

23

25

44

81

110

20

7,019

468

266 555 695

62

23

10

9

16

13

43

54

4

6

1,465

539

437

69

36

11

5

4

44

139

153

5

3

471

271

144

43

30

34

46

21

2

7

3,100

100

1,012

909

491

267

63

66

60

77

39

1

15

681

615

400

245

73

75

85

34

9

5,895

75

1,226

1,358

1,403

644

451

114

162

154

62

1

23

206

43

28

22

22

27

11

6

1,927

106

816

449

273

83

49

36

37

36

23

1

16

13,300

50

1,503

2,015

2,585

2,870

2,373

1,141

361

261

113

3

25

36,042

44

1,478

2,311

3,646

5,479

7,975

6,625

4,671

1,303

450

6

54

1,736,336

71

1,274

2,475

4,594

8,877

17,347

37,679

146,216

864,346

652,783

245

429

390,221

25

64

96

166

357

754

1,750

6,346

43,334

312,891

24,166

18,433

33

90

56

50

34

50

66

86

251

267

30

230 17,420

See footnotes at end of table,
50 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

Table 32. Live births by 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States and the District of

Columbia, 1989-Con.

5-minute score

l-minute score and race Total o 1 2 3

Not

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0. . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

602,081

977

7,269

6,339

7,597

10,101

14,065

21,517

51,180

214,468

255,788

4,926

7,854

993 2,764

478 114

270 2,067

61 325

23 108

10 35

10 21

16 16

15 7

45 15

55 21

4-

6 15

1,261 1,223

74 66

418 523

516 261

112 208

54 44

25 31

21 22

25 22

12 27

12 11

12 8

1,716

49

566

487

280

143

47

:;

47

22

2

8

3,035

35

727

699

628

412

250

77

77

85

35

10

5,924

26

801

969

1,228

1,259

914

440

119

93

51

1

23

12,692

34

681

1,011

1,544

2,171

2,621

2,562

1,234

392

201

2

39

48<236

26

590

1,071

1,760

2,907

4,656

8,260

15,915

12,450

461

9

111

443,800

43

522

661

1,616

2,961

5,138

9,712

32,824

195,827

193,995

39

262

72,652

15

14

35

48

76

1:29

316

862

5,391

60,812

4,848

106

7,765

17

70

43

42

29

23

25

45

84

112

21

7,254

‘Includes races other than whne and black,

NOTE: Excludes data for Cafiforma, Oklahoma, and Texas, whfch dld not requ!re repoi-tng of ether 1. or S.mmute Apgar score,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~51

Table 33. Live births by 5-minute Apgar score, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1989

5-mWte score

Age of mother and race

Not

Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years, .,.........,..

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . .. l....

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years...,,,.....,,.,

45-49 yeara. ,,, . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White ...,,.........,,..

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years...........,,,.

19yeers ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years ., . ., . .,,,.....

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years,...,.......,..

17years ..,,,.......,,.

18years, ., . . . . . . . ...4.

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C)-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35–39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years,...,.......,.,

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeara, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years............,..

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years....,.....,.,..

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sss footnotes at snd of tabfe.

3,115! 917

8,842

386,484

20,263

43,672

74,744

111,094

136,691

825,744

961,135

654,666

223,172

32,696

1,176

2,432,242

2,906

247,331

9,291

23,844

46,206

72,681

95,307

615,801

805,583

548,505

184,893

26,329

894

576,668

5,754

130,638

10,462

18,627

26,509

35,495

39,545

185,008

141,713

80,579

28,239

4,555

182

2,392,843

2,846

241,268

9,086

23,266

45,129

70,870

92,917

603,715

794,812

541,332

182,106

25,689

875

2,542

14

390

22

54

80

112

122

712

720

498

178

30

1,490

1

180

5

21

37

54

63

387

442

333

125

22

974

10

202

17

32

43

55

55

302

254

152

48

6

1,465

1

175

5

20

35

54

3:;

439

325

123

22

6,765

38

1,125

90

153

212

313

357

1,894

1,832

1,287

494

86

9

3,870

12

552

34

68

100

170

180

959

1,091

858

333

58

7

2,713

26

555

55

83

107

140

170

888

693

393

135

22

1

3,796

12

537

33

66

99

163

176

944

1,073

843

324

56

7

3,248

20

542

38

66

99

135

204

945

899

593

207

41

1

1,900

4

263

13

25

43

66

116

535

552

372

144

30

1,255

16

270

25

39

54

66

86

383

326

196

52

11

1

1,867

4

258

13

25

42

64

114

521

547

369

138

30

3,274

20

563

28

75

113

158

189

937

905

583

228

37

1

1,957

7

279

11

34

52

85

97

524

569

389

161

27

1

1,204

13

270

17

39

60

69

85

368

304

162

58

9

1,927

7

273

10

34

52

83

94

516

559

385

157

27

f

4,978

26

872

53

104

180

229

306

1,384

1,343

914

368

69

2

3,165

8

441

21

52

88

123

159

860

920

634

256

44

2

1,672

18

409

31

49

92

103

134

496

387

252

95

15

3,100

8

423

20

52

82

116

153

842

905

626

251

43

2

9,218

54

1,510

115

175

302

417

501

2,591

2,539

1,700

669

122

13

6,011

18

813

54

84

142

233

300

1,639

1,763

1,209

472

87

10

2,948

34

668

58

69

154

174

193

900

701

432

161

29

3

5,895

18

784

52

81

137

227

287

1,605

1,731

1,194

467

86

10

19,850

105

3,392

227

428

650

960

1,127

5,473

5,583

3,581

1,449

258

9

13,573

34

2,006

97

229

371

590

719

3,841

4,072

2,589

1,043

183

5

5,728

71

1,315

125

191

264

353

382

1,698

1,357

672

347

65

3

13,300

34

1,951

95

223

359

574

700

3,543

4,014

2,546

1,024

183

5

50,351

229

7,874

460

965

1,552

2,213

2,684

14,127

14,593

9,411

3,504

590

23

36,685

76

4,862

204

533

913

1,407

1,805

10,066

11,230

7,305

2,680

449

17

12,283

147

2,835

246

411

603

755

820

3,753

2,953

1,807

671

112

5

36,042

74

4,746

198

519

899

1,378

1,752

9,877

11,064

7,188

2,636

443

14

235,236

643

33,015

1,829

3,843

6,395

9,325

11,623

65,503

70,964

45,632

16,633

2,528

118

181,536

261

21,536

858

2,185

4,072

6,367

8,054

48,977

57,593

37,539

13,568

1,970

92

46,265

559

10,595

919

1,551

2,131

2,731

3,263

14,667

11,121

6,512

2,386

408

17

178,461

249

21,034

839

2,141

3,983

6,225

7,846

48,001

56,812

36,994

13,355

1,927

89

2,272,165

6,294

281,553

14,564

31,611

54,115

80,622

100,641

601,468

718,926

478,309

161,557

23,256

602

1,767,932

2,057

176,642

6,547

16,858

32,992

51,991

68,454

445,817

589,277

400,786

133,646

18,703

604

424,696

4,105

96,790

7,627

13,657

19,592

26,413

29,301

136,871

104,542

58,754

20,278

3,230

126

1,738,336

2,016

172,334

6,400

16,446

32,193

50,605

66,690

436,733

581,095

395,419

131,770

18,376

593

480,760

1,040

53,968

2,593

5,765

10,342

15,624

19,644

123,415

154,865

106,478

35,572

5,240

162

395,303

27,530

159

3,680

264

433

704

986

1,293

7,295

7,946

5,680

2,293

441

36

16,820

387 41

37,569 1,988

1,351 96

3,568 187

7,010 390

11,041 554

14,599 761

97,754 4,642

132,403 5,671

92,169 4,322

30,469 1,776

4,403 353

129 27

69,410 7,520

642 113

15,209 1,520

1,189 153

2,063 223

3,131 276

4,240 396

4,586 470

22,345 2,317

17,128 1,947

9,911 1,136

3,569 419

584 64

22 4

390,221

383

36,822

1,327

3,481

8,865

10,644

14,305

96,228

131,005

91,191

30,115

4,350

127

18,433

40

1,931

94

176

383

537

739

4,523

5,568

4,252

1,746

346

27
52 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991

Table 33. Live births by 5-minute Apgar score, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1989–Con.

5-minute score

Age of mother and race Total o 1 2

Not

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

Black, .,,,,,. ... ,,, ,,

Under 15 years,,, ,,, ,,, ,,,

15-19 years,,,,, ,., ,,,

15 years.,,,...,...,.,

16 yeara, ,,, , . .,,,,,.,.

17 years, ,, .,.....

18 years,..,.,.,,,,.

19 years,.,..,,...,.,.,

20-24 years,.,...,,,.,,,,.

25-29 years..,...,,...,,.,

30-34 years,..,,.,,,.,.,,,

35-39 years...,,,,,,.,,,,,

40-44 years ., .,, ,, ...,.,.

45-49 years, , . ., .,,,.,.,.

602,081

5,606

135,067

10,626

19,036

27,305

36,797

41,301

193,216

146,371

64,776

29,841

4,813

189

993

10

207

17

33

45

55

57

307

257

157

49

6

2,764

25

569

55

84

108

147

175

903

702

401

140

23

1

1,261

16

275

25

39

55

68

88

395

329

200

54

11

1

1,223 1,716 3,035

13 18 34

275 423 697

18 32 61

39 49 92

60 95 159

71 106 179

87 139 206

389 508 921

312 395 723

166 257 441

59 99 186

9 16 30

3

5,924 12,692

71 148

1,357 2,912

127 251

195 417

273 611

367 776

395 857

1,770 3,876

1,393 3,053

904 1,870

361 709

65 117

3 7

48,236

566

10,962

934

1,561

2,192

2,636

3,419

15,302

11,611

6,827

2,514

434

16

443,800

4,145

100,092

7,744

14,153

20,188

27,409

30,598

143,057

109,591

61,916

21,449

3,421

129

72,652

644

15,747

1,210

2,123

3,236

4,380

4,798

23,4oo

17,989

10,457

3,779

613

23

7,765

114

1,551

154

231

283

401

482

2,388

2,016

1,182

442

68

4

‘Includes racea other than while and black,

NOTE: Excludea data for Cal!lomla, Oklahoma, and Texas, whlchdtdnolrequlre repor!mg of5-m!nute Apgar score,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~ 53

Technical notes

Source of data

Data shown in this report for 1989

are based on 100 percent of the birth

certificates in all States and the District of Columbia. The data are provided to the National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS) through the Vital

Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP).

In 1984 and earlier years, the VSCP

included varying numbers of States that

provided data based on 100 percent of

their birth certificates. Data for States

not in the VSCP were based on a

50-percent sample of birth certificates

filed in those States. Information on

sampling procedures and sampling

errors for 1984 and earlier years is

provided in the annual report, Mm-l

Statistics of the United States, Volume I,

Natality,

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes

items to identify the Hispanic or ethnic

origin of the newborn’s mother and

father. Data for Hispanic origin shown

in this report with one exception are

for the 47 States and the District of

Columbia that reported this information in 1989. The one exception is the

table which shows estimated birth and

fertility rates by Hispanic origin. This

topic is discussed in the section below

on population denominators.

Race

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

NCHS is tabulating its birth data primarily by race of the mother, In 1988

and prior years, births were tabulated

by the race of the child, which was

determined from the race of the parents as entered on the birth certificate.

When the parents were of the same

race, as was the case for 96,6 percent

of births in 1989, the race of the child

was the same as the race of the parents. When the parents were of different races and one parent was white,

the child was assigned to the other

parent’s race, When the parents were

of different races and neither parent

was white, the child was assigned to

the father’s race, with one exception.

If either parent was Hawaiian, the child

was assigned to Hawaiian. If race was

missing for one parent, the child was

assigned the race of the parent for

whom race was reported.

The most important factor influencing the decision to tabulate births

by race of the mother is the recent

revision of the birth certificate, effective

with the 1989 data year. This revision

includes many more health questions

which are directly associated with the

mother (for example, method of

delivery, medical risk factors for this

pregnancy, tobacco and alcohol use

during pregnancy, and maternal weight

gain). Additionally, many of the other

items on the birth certificate for more

than two decades also relate directly to

the mother, for example, her marital

status, her education level, and her

receipt of prenatal care. In all these

instances, it is more appropriate to

tabulate births by the mother’s race.

A second factor has been the

increasing incidence of interracial parentage. In 1989, 3.4 percent of births

were to parents of different races compared with just 1.0 percent 20 years

ago, The majority of these births were

to white mothers and fathers of another

race. There have been two major consequences of the increasing interracial

parentage. One is the effect on birth

rates by race. The number of white

births under the pre-1989 procedures

has been arbitrarily limited to infants

whose parents were both white (or one

parent if only one parent’s race was

reported), At the same time, the

number of births of other races has

been arbitrarily increased to include

all births to white mothers and fathers

of other races. Thus, if race of mother

had been used, birth rates per 1,000

white women in a given age group

would have been higher wrhile comparable rates for black women and women

of other races would have been lower.

The other consequence of increasing

interracial parentage is its impact on

the racial differential in \rarious characteristics of births, particularly in cases

where there is generally a large racial

disparity, such as the incidence of low

birth weight. In this instance, the racial

differential is smaller when the data

are tabulated by race of child than by

race of mother. The same effect has

been noted for characteristics such as

nonmarital childbearing, preterm

births, late or no prenatal care, and

low educational attainment of mother.

The third factor influencing the

decision to tabulate births by race of

mother is the growing proportion of

births with race of father not stated, 15

percent in 1989 compared with 7 percent in 1968. This reflects the increase

in the proportion of births to unmarried women; in many such cases, no

information is reported on the father.

These births are already assigned the

race of the mother because there is no

alternative. Tabulating births by race

of mother will provide for a more uniform approach, rather than a necessarily arbitrary combination of parental

races, This topic is discussed in greater

detail in a recent paper (16).

It is evident that this change in the

racial classification of births will present

challenges to those analyzing birth data

by race, particularly trend data. The

problem is likely to be acute for races

other than white and black, In order to

facilitate continuity and analysis of the

data, key published tables for births in

1989 and 1990, including all trend

tabIes, will show data for both race of

mother and race of child, This will

make it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change from real changes

in the data. The text in this report

focuses on data tabulated by race of

mother except where trends are discussed. In the latter case, the analysis

is based on data tabulated by race of

chiId.

Population denominators

Birth and fertility rates for 1989

shown in tables 1, 3-5, and 12 are

based on populations estimated as of

July 1, 1989. The population estimates

for the United States were published

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census (17)

and are based on the 1980 census

count. The 1980 census counts by race

\vere modified to be consistent with

Office of Management and Budget categories and historical categories for

birth data. The modification procedures are described in detail in a U.S.

Bureau of the Census report (18).

Birth and fertility rates by month

shown in table 8 are based on monthly
54 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) ● December 12, 1991 ~

population estimates also based on the

1980 census count. Rates for unmarried women shown in tables 16 and 17

are based on distributions of the population by marital status as of March

1989 (19) published by the U.S. Bureau

of the Census which have been adjusted

to July 1989 population levels by the

Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS.

Birth and fertility rates for the

Hispanic population, shown in table

24, are based on estimates of the Hispanic population from the Current Population Survey conducted in March

1989 (12). The estimates for March

have been adjusted to July 1989 population levels so that the rates in table

23 may be compared with those in

tables 1 and 3-5. Beginning with 1986,

the Current Population Survey figures

include estimates of undocumented

immigrants (20). The effect of this

change is to reduce the [evels of some

birth and fertility rates by about 1

percent.

Computation of rates

In computing birth rates by livebirth order, births with birth order not

stated were distributed in the same

proportion as births of known livebirth order within each age of mother

classification. This procedure is done

separately by race. A similar process is

fol[owed for computing birth rates by

age of father.

In computing birth and fertility

rates for the Hispanic population, births

with origin of mother not stated are

included with non-Hispanic births

rather than being distributed. Thus,

rates for the Hispanic population are

underestimates of the true rates to the

extent that the births in the reporting

area with origin of mother not stated

(1.9 percent) were actually to Hispanic

mothers, In order to compute rates for

the Hispanic population for the United

States as a whole, estimates were made

of births by Hispanic origin and age of

mother for the three nonreporting

States, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and

Oklahoma. The resulting rates are,

therefore, estimated for the United

States.

The population with origin not

stated was imputed. The effect on the

rates is believed to be small.

Births by marital status

of mother

Beginning with 1980 data,

national estimates of births to unmarried women have been derived from

two sources, In 1989 marital status

was reported directly on the birth

certificates of 44 States and the District of Columbia. In the remaining

six States, which lack such an item,

marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s and parents’ surnames, This procedure represents a

substantial departure from the method

used before 1980 to prepare national

estimates of births to unmarried

women, which assumed that the incidence of births to unmarried women in

States with no direct question on marital status was the same as the incidence in reporting States in the same

geographic division.

The current method represents

an attempt to use related information on the birth certificate to

improve the quality of national data

as well as to provide data for the

individual nonreporting States. An

evaluation of this method and its

validity for California (the largest

nonreporting State) has been published (21), Because of the continued substantial increases in

nonmarital childbearing throughout

the 1980’s, the data have been intensively evaluated. There has been continuing concern that the current

method might overstate the number

of births to unmarried women

because it incorporates data based

on a comparison of surnames. This is

because births to women who have

retained their maiden surname as

their legal surname after marriage

and who are frequently older, weHeducated women, would be classified

as nonmarital births. The results of

the evaluation have been generally

similar in both the reporting States

and the States using inferential data,

but nonmarital births have increased

at a slightly faster rate in the States

with a marital status item on the

birth certificate than in the States

providing inferential data. This pattern was observed for both white

and black births.

Birth weight

Birth weight is reported in some

areas in pounds and ounces rather

than in grams. However, the metric

system has been used in tabulating and

presenting the statistics tc~ facilitate

comparison with data published by

other groups, Equivalents of the gram

weights in terms of pounds and ounces

are as follows:

Less than 500 grams = 1 lb 1 oz or less

500-999 grams = 1 lb 202-2 lb 3 oz

1,000-1,499 grams = 2 lb 402-3 lb 4 oz

1,500-1,999 grams = 3 lb 502-4 lb 6 oz

2,000-2,499 grams = 4 lb 7 OZ-5 lb 8 oz

2,500-2,999 grams = 5 lb 9 OZ-6 lb 902

3,000-3,499 grams = 6 lb 10 OZ-7 lb 11 oz

3,500-3,999 grams = 7 lb 1202-8 lb 13 oz

4,000-4,499 grams = 8 lb 1402-9 lb 14 oz

4,5004,999 grams = 9 lb 15 OZ-11 lb O oz

5,000 grams or more = 11 lb 1 oz or more

Period of gestation and

birth weight

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes a

new item, “clinical estimate of gestation,” that is being compared with

length of gestation computed from the

date the LMP began when the latter

appears to be inconsistent with birth

weight. This is done for normal weight

births of apparently short gestations

and very low birth weight births

reported to be full term. The clinical

estimate was also used if the LMP date

was not reported. The period of gestation for 3,7 percent of the births in

1989 was based on the clinical estimate

of gestation, For all but 0.2 percent of

these records, the clinical estimate was

used because the LMP date was not

reported, For the remaining 0.2 percent, the clinical estimate was used

because it was compatible with the

reported birth weight, whereas the

LMP-based gestation was not. In cases

where the reported birth weight was

inconsistent with both the LMPcomputed gestation and the clinical

estimate of gestation, the LMPcomputed gestation was used and birth

weight was reclassified as “not stated.”
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S). December 12, 1991 ~ 55

This was necessary for only 0.01 percent of all birth records in 1989. These

changes resulted in only a very small

discontinuity in the data.

Computation of percents,

percent distributions, and

medians

Births with unknown live-birth

order, attendant at birth, educational

attainment of mother, nativity of

mother, month of pregnancy in which

prenataI care began, number of prenatal visits, birth weight, length of gestation, and 1- and 5-minute Apgar

scores were subtracted from the figures

for total births that were used as

denominators before percents, percent

distributions, and medians were computed. In the case of birth intervals,

the percent distributions exclude the

second, or later, born child in a multiple delivery (intervat of O months).

Percent distributions and the median

number of prenatal visits also exclude

births to mothers who had no prenatal

care. Computations of the median years

of school completed and the median

number of prenatal visits were based

on ungrouped data. Beginning in 1989

an asterisk is shown in place of any

derived statistic based on fewer than

20 births in the numerator or denominator.

Random variation

Although the birth data in this

report for births since 1985 are not

subject to sampIing error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of births involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. More information on this topic is

included in the Technical Appendix of

the annual report, Etal Statistics of the

United States, Volume 1, Natality, 1988.

Related reports

Throughout this report, reference

has been made to the 1989 revision of

the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live

Birth, This report describes birth rates

and characteristics of births which have

been based on data available on previous versions of the birth certificate.

A second supplement to the Monthly

Vita[ Statistics Report for 1989 birth

data will be published and will present

summary data on all the new topics

included on the new birth certificate.

These include method of delivery,

tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal weight gain, obstetric

procedures, medical risk factors, complications of labor and delivery,

abnormal conditions of the newborn,

and congenital anomalies of the chiId.

Many of the topics discussed in

this report are covered in more analytic detail in other reports published

by NCHS. Topics of reports pubIished

in the past 5 years include American

Indian and Alaska Native births (22),

first-births to older mothers (l), Iow

birth weight (23), birth rates by educational attainment (7), and births of

Hispanic parentage (24,25). Also available is a report evaluating inferred

birth statistics for unmarried women in

California (21).

‘us.Qmmlnmt Prhlhgm 1ss1- 3K?-0WM014
56~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S) . December 12, 1991 ~

This report presents summary tabulations from the final natality statistics for 1989,

More detailed tabulations for 1989 will be published in Vital Statistics of the United

States, Volume 1– Natality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National

Center for Health Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever

possible.

Suggested citation Copyright information

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report This report may be reprinted without further

of final natality statistics, 1989. Monthly vital statistics permission.

report; VOI40 no 8, suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland:

Public Health Service, 1991.
Vol, 43, No, 12, Supplement ● July 14, 1995

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Marriage Statistics, 1989 and 1990

by Sally C. Clarke, Divisionof Vil Statistics

Contents

Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Numberand rates . . . . . . . . . . 2

Geographicvariation. . . . . . . . 3

Monthlyand daily

variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3

Total marriage rate. . . . . . . . . . 3

Rates by mariial status

andage . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ...3

Previousmaritalstatus .,.... 4

Ageat marriage. . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Race . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ...4

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...5

List of detailed tables . . . . . . . 6

Twhnical notes. . . . . . . . . ...22

Highlights

A total of 2,443,489couples married

in the United States in 1990, a 2-percent

increase over the number for 1989

(2,403,268) and the highest number since

1984. The rate of marriage in 1990 (9.8

per 1,000 population) was also slightly

higher than in 1989 (9.7), However, provisional data indicate that the increase in

the number and rate of marriages was

temporary and declined each year from

1991 to 1993.

First marriage rates were highest for

men and women in their mid- and late20’s. Single (never married) women ages

25-29 were more than 5 times as likely to

marry in 1990 as single women 40-44

years of age and 14 times as likely to

marry as single women ages 50-54. The

drop by age was not as steep for men as

for women, Single men ages 25-29 were

approximately four times as likely to

marry as single men 4044 years of age

and eight times as likely to marry as

single men ages 50-54. Marriage rates

were very low for single men and women

in age groups over 55 years. About a

quarter of divorced men and women

20-24 years of age remarried in 1990.

The marriage rates for previously

divorced men and women consistently

declined with additional age.

The age distribution of brides and

grooms shifted to older ages during the

1970’s and 1980’s. In 1990 proportionately fewer brides and grooms were

under 25 years of age when they first

married and more brides and grooms

were between 25 and 39 years of age than

in 1970.

The median age of previously single

brides was 24.0 years, about 10 years

younger than the median age for previously divorced brides and 30 years

younger than the median age for previously widowed brides. Previously single

grooms were 10.5 years younger than

previously divorced grooms and about 37

years younger than previously widowed

grooms. Since 1970 the median age for

previously single and widowed brides has

increased by about 3 years, while the

median age for previously divorced

Acknowledgments

This report was preparedunder the general direction of Robert L Heuser, C2defof the Natality, Marriage, and Dlvorcc Statistics Branch. Dorms L Wright

provided clerical support. Sherry Murphy of the Statistical Resources Branch collect@ cvaluatw and pmccascd county data on which the U.S. figures arc

baaed and provided statistical tables and content review. Gail Parr provided eomputcr programming support. Paticia Day, David Justice, Jenny Justice, Ann

ScarIcttj and Elsie Stanton of the T=hnical Services Branch carried out quality evaluation and acceptance procedures for the State data iik on which this

report is baaed. Stail of the Registration Methods Branch consulted with State vital statistics officesregarding tbc eolkction of the marriage ecrtitkatc data

on which this report is based ‘Ilk report was edited by Thelma Sanders and typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of the Pubkations Branch, Division of Data

services.

~+p,wJc&

t.

●4

+

4

U.S. DEPARTMENTOF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICES

i

<

PublicHealth Service

$ Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention

%4

%.

National Center for Health Statistics

CK

cEWIEmFoR~emlwL

m~
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~

brides has increased by about 4 years.

Previously single and divorced grooms

were about 3 years older in 1990 than in

1970, while previously widowed grooms

were about 4 years older.

The majority of marriages in 1990

were between spouses entering first marriages (54 percent). The next most frequent combination was that both spouses

were previously divorced (20 percent).

Relatively few were both widowed

(1 percent). The remaining quarter of

marriages were between partners with

differing marital histories.

White brides and grooms were

younger than black brides and grooms at

first marriage and were also younger at

remarriage after divorce. The rate of marriage in 1990 was 76 percent higher for

white women than black women and

55 percent higher for white men than

black men. Execpt for first marriages to

men and women 40 years of age and

over, the rate of first marriage and remarriage in all age categories was higher for

white men and women than for their

black counterparts.

The data in tables 1-3 are derived

from total counts of marriages that are

available for all 50 States and the District

of Columbia. The data in tables 4--11

contain detailed demographic information about brides and grooms. This information is drawn ~from a sample of

certificates of marriages performed in the

marriage-registration area (MRA), which

is composed of 42 States and the District

of Columbia. Marriages in the MRA

sample in 1990 were representative of

77 percent of all U.S. marriages. See

Technical notes for further information

on the data in this report.

Number and rates

There were 2,443,489 marriages performed in the United States in 1990, a

2-pereent increase over the number for

1989 and the highest number since 1984

(table 1). Provisional data indicate that

the increase in marriages from 1988 to

1990 is followed by consecutive

declines-from 2,371,000 in 1991 to

2,362@0 in 1992 to 2,334,000 in 1993.

Over the last 50 years, the number of

marriages has varied between a low of

1,451,000 in 1958 and a high of around

2,477,000 in 1984. There was an increase

in marriages at the beginning of World

War II, an abrupt drop in 1943 and 1944

when millions of young men were

overseas in the Armed Forces, and a

postwar surge to 2.3 million in 1946, a

figure that was not exceeded until 1979.

The postwar surge reeeded quickly

during the late 1940’s and the annual

total fluctuated around 1.5 or 1.6 million

in the 1950’s. During the 14-year period

from 1959 to 1973 the annual total of

marriages increased every year, reaching

2.3 million again in 1973. During the

mid-1970’s marriages dipped for 2 yeara

before resuming their upward trend. The

annual marriage total fluctuated again in

the 1980’s, reached an all-time high in

1984 and then declined every year from

1984 through 1988. The number

increased in 1989 and again in 1990

followed by consecutive declines in

1991–93.

The rate of marriage increased

slightly between 1989 (9.7 per 1,000 total

population) and 1990 (9.8), returning to

the level of 1988. The increase in the

marriage rate appears to be a minor aberration in a trend of declining rates.

According to provisional data, the marriage rate declined in 1991 (9.4) and fell

sharply to 9.0 by 1993. Unlike the trend

in the number of marriages that was

generally upward during the 1940-90

period, the marriage rate has cycled up

and down several times in response to

wars, eeonomic cycles, variations in the

number of young adults reaching marriageable ages, and changes in ma&al

patterns (figure 1). The rate per 1,000

total population reached a historic high of

16.4 in 1946 in the wake of demobilization, and a low of 8.4 in 1958 when an

economic recession combined with small

numbers of young adults reaching marriageable ages. The rate rose again,

crested at 10.9 in 1972 (1sss than tbe

reeord high) and fell to 9.9 in 197-77

before another, weaker recove~y to 10.6

in 1980-82. After 1982 the marriage rate

declined to 9.7 per 1,000 population in

1989, increased slightly in 1990 and then

declined to 9.0 by 1993.

One of the underlying factors that

accounts for cycles in the marriage rate is

the variation in the number of unmarried

young adults who reach marriageable

age. A rate that takes into aeeount, these

fluctuations is the marriage rate per 1,000

unmarried women 15- years of age.

The marriage rate reached a record high

of 199.0 per 1,000 unmarried women

1544 years of age in 1946. Then the rate

drifted generally downward, dropping

below 100 in 1983 and continuing downward to an all-time low of 91.0 in 1988.

The rate increased slightly in 1989 and

again in 1990, to 91.3. Even then@ there

are variations in the size of the marriageable population, the general decline in

this rate indicates that fewer eligible

women are marrying than did so in the

past.

Rate per 1,000 unmarried

~ women 15 yeara and over

5

\ 1

120 $

s

Figure 1. Marriage rate= Unttsd States, 1940+3
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol, 43, No, 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~3

Geographic variation

The data in table 2 show that compared with 1989, the number of marnagea

for 1990 was higher in 27 States and the

District of Columbia and lower in 23

States. The number of marriages in 1990

was lower than in 1989 for all States in

the Northeast, although the deelines were

small (less than 6 pereent). In contrast,

the number of marriages was higher in

1990 than in 1989 for every State in the

West except Alas~ where the number

was virtually unchanged. The only State

with a striking difference in the number

of marriages between 1989 and 1990 was

Illinois-a 17-pereent increase. The

increase in marriages in Illinois was associated with the discontinuation of a State

law that required all applicants for marriage licenses to have blood tests for

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection (l). The law went into effect in

January 1988 and the number of marriages in Illinois was sharply lower for

that year (78,302) than in 1987 (95,613).

The number of Illinois residents that married in neighboring States increased substantially in 1988. Presumably many

residents of Illinois chose to marry in

other States due to the mandatory HIV

test. The law requiring the HIV test was

repealed in June 1989 and the number of

marriages in Illinois partially rebounded,

to 85,720 in 1989. The sharp increase in

the number of marriages in 1990 probably reflects the fact that this was the first

full year since 1987 in which the HIV test

was not required. This experience in Illinois is an example of how State laws can

play a part in decisions of where to

marry. Neither the bride nor groom are

required to be a resident of the State in

which they marry, so couples may easily

choose to marry out of their resident State.

Marriage rates based on the place

where the couple married differed by

region of the country and by State

(table 2). In 1990, as in previous yeara,

rates for the Northeast and Midwest (8.0

and 8.7 per 1,000 population) were substantially lower than rates for the South

(10.9) and West (11.0). These diferenees

were even more pronounced in 1980,

Compared with 1989, the marriage rate in

1990 declined 2 percent in the Northeast,

rose 1 pereent in the Midwest and West

and rose 2 percent in the South.

Rates of marriage varied ccmsiderably among States, from 7.1 in Pennsylvania to 16.4 in Hawaii and 99.0 in

Nevada. Most States had marriage ratea

in 1990 that diftered by less than 6 percent from the marriage rate in 1989.

However, Illinois and South Dakota had

substantial increases in their marriage

rates, 17 and 9 percen~ while the rate for

Delaware declined by 7 prcent.

Monthly and daily variation

In 1990 marriages continued to

follow the typical seasonal swings from

low in the winter to high in the summer

months (table 3). June was the month in

which the greatest number of couples

married (280,218) and January had the

fewest (117,310). Compared with 1989,

April, July, and December had fewer

marriages while the remaining months

had more. Some of the annual variations

in monthly totals correspond to the

number of Saturdays a month contains in

a particular year. More than half of U.S.

marriages were pefiormed on Saturdays,

therefore, having a iifth Saturday among

the 30 or 31 days in a month causes a

substantial increase in the monthly marriage total.

Total marriage rate

The total marriage rate combines a

set of annual age-specfic rates to show

the total number of marriages that 1,000

men and 1,000 women would be

expected to have during their lifetimes. In

1990 the total marriage rate per thousand

was 1,130.0 for women and 1,143.8 for

men (table 4). This means that if current

age-specfic rates were to continue, there

would be 1,130.0 marriages per 1,000

women and 1,148.8 marriages per 1,000

men during their lifetimes. The rate may

be separated into a ikst marriage rate and

a remarriage rate. In 1990 the total Iirst

marriage rate was 714.6 for women and

695.5 for men. Thus, 71 percent of

women and 70 pereent of men would be

expeeted to marry at least once. Total first

marriage rates for women and men were

lower in 1990 than in 1989. In contrasg

the total remarriage rates increased from

1989 to 1990. The total remarriage rate

for 1990 was 415.4 per 1,000 for women

and 448.3 per 1,000 for men. Some of

these remarriages would be third- or

higher order marriages.

Rates by marital status and

age

The marriage rates for unmarried

women aged L%14 and 15 years of age

and over in table 1 show the trend in

marriage for all unmarried women

without regard to whether they were

single or had been divorced or widowed.

Information about the previous marital

status of bride and groom is available

flom 38 States and the District of

Columbia in the MRA. There is much

variation in marriage rates by previous

marital status and the trends in these rates

are important for understanding the

changes in the more general marriage

rates.

It is clear from the data in table 5

that marriage rates for both sexes and for

each previous marital status have dropped

substantially since 1970. The marriage

rate for single and divorced women

dropped 38 percen~ and for widowed

women, 49 percent. The marriage rate for

single and widowed men dropped 42 and

41 percen~ and for divorced men, 48 percent. Table 5 also shows that the likelihood of marriage varies enormously

according to previous marital status. In

1990 the marriage rate for single women

was 57.7 per 1,000, 24 percent below the

marriage rate for divorced women (76.2)

but more than 10 times the rate for

widows (5.2). The 1990 marriage rate for

single men (47.0 per 1,000) was less than

half the rate for divorced men (105.9),

but almost twi~ the rate for widowed

men (23.8). The marriage rates were

higher for divorced than for single persons and rates were much higher for

single and divorced than fQr widowed

persons.

Throughout the 1970-90 period,

marriage rates for single women were

consistently higher than marriage rates

for single men. In contrast, marriage rates

for divorced women were consistently

lower than marriage rates for divorced

men, and maniage rates for widowed

women were about one-fourth of the rates

for widowed men.

Table 6 shows marriage rates specific

for age as well as previous marital status

of brides and grooms. First marriage rates
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol, 43, No, 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~

reached a peak for men and women in

their mid- and late-20’s, For example, in

1990 the marriage rate for single women

was 28.2 per 1,000 for those 15-19 yearn

of age, rose to 109.4 for those 25-29, and

dropped substantially with each addi=.

tional 5 years of age, Single women agea

25-29 were more than 5 times as likely to

marry as single women 40+4 and 14

times as likely to marry as single women

50-54. The marriage rate for single men

15-19 years of age was 10.3 per 1,000,

climbed to 95.7 at 25-29 years of age and

then also dropped with each additional 5

yeara of age. The decline, however, was

not as steep as that for women. Single

men aged 25-29 years were approximately four times as likely to marry as

single men 4041 and eight times as

likely to marry as single men aged 50-54

years. Marriage rates were very low for

single men and wo”men in age groups

over 55 years.

At younger ages, marriage rates for

single and divorced women were higher

than rates for men, There is a crossover

point at which marriage rates for men

exceed the rates for women, For example,

single women who were in age groups

between 15-34 years had higher rates

than their male counterparts but the

reverse was true for age groups over 35

years. Divorced women 20-24 yeara of

age had higher marriage rates than

divorced men in the same age category,

but lower marriage rates for every age

group over 25 years,

Previous marital status

The majority of marriages united

brides and grooms that were both single

(54 percent) (table 7). The next most frequent combination was that both spouses

were divorced (20 percent). Relatively

few marriages united partnera who were

both widowed (1 percent). The remaining

quarter of marriages were between.

partners @h differing marital histories.

In 1990 the proportion of single brides

that married previously divorced grooms

was the same as the proportion of

divorced brides that. married single

grooms (11 percent each). Widowed men

married divorced and widowed women

also in equal proportiona (1 percent

each). During the 1970’s when the

number of divorces was climbing

steadily, the proportion of brides and

grooms that had been divor~d also

increased and the proportion,of first marriages for brides and grooms declined.

For example, from 1970 to 1990 the

percent of marriages where both spouses

were previously divorced increased from

11 to 20 percent. During the same time

period, marriages between two previously

single spouses declined from 69 to

54 percent,

Age at marriage

There was a shift in the age distribution of marriages to older ages during the

1970’s and 1980’s (table 8). In 1990,

17 percent of the previously single brides

were teenagers, down from 30 percent in

1980 and 42 percent in 1970. In 1990,

41 percent of the previously single brides

were 2&24, down from 46 percent in

1970. The biggest change in the age

distribution was the increase in the proportion of previously single brides who

were between 25 and 39 years of

age-from 11 percent in 1970 to 41 percent in 1990. The proportion of brides

that were 25-29 when they married for

the firat time doubled from 1970 (8 percent) to 1980 (16 percent) and more than

tripled from 1970 to 1990 (27 percent).

The ages of previously single grooms

showed the same shift after 1970 with a

decrease in the proportion of single

grooms under 25 yeara of age and a

corresponding increase in the proportion

between 25 and 39 yeara of age. There

was less change between 1970 and 1990

in the distribution of marriages by age of

divorced than of single brides, The percent of previously divorced brides that

were 25-39 years of age increased from

50 percent in 1970 to 63 percent in 1990.

Table 9 shows the median and mean

ages at marriages by previous marital

status of the bride and groom. The mean

age of previously single brides was 25.0

yeara, about 10.5 yeara younger than the

mean age for previously divorced brides

(35.6 years) and about 28 years younger

than for previously widowed brides

(53.4). Previously single grooms were

about 12 yeara younger than previously

divorced grooms, 26,9 and 39.0 years,

and about 34 years younger than previously widowed grooms (61.1 years).

Since 1970 the mean age for previously

single, divorced, and widowed brides has

increased by about 3 years, Previously

single and widowed grooms were also

about 3 years older in 1990 than in 1970

while previously divorced grooms were

slightly more than 2 years older,

Rats

In 1989 and 1990,34 States reported

the race of bride and groom cmmarriage

records. In 1990 among brides for whom

race was stated, 87 percent were white

brides, 11 percent were black brides, and

2 percent were brides of other races. The

proportions were similar for grooms

(table 10). Of the marriages where race

was reported for bride and groom, 85 percent were both whhe, 11 percent were

both black, and 1 percent were both of

other races (data not shown). Chdy 3 percent of couples in the 34-State area married interracially.

The marriage patterns by previous

marital status and age differ by race: In

1990 about one-third of the white brides

and grooms had been divorced compared

with only a quarter of the black brides

and grooms. The mean ages at marriage

show that white brides and grooms are

younger than black brides and grooms at

first marriage and at remarriage after

divorce (table 10).

Marriage rates for 1990 by race, previous marital status, and age are shown in

table 11. The overall marriage rate for

white women (58,8 per 1,000) was

76 percent higher than the rate for black

women (33.5). The difference between

races in marriage rates was narrower for

mew the rate for white men (71.2) was

55 percent higher than the rate for black

men (45,9). For all age groups under 55

yeara, marriage rates for white women

were more than twice those of black

women with the largest dtierence

between races in the 15-19 age

group-41.2 compared with 14.8. The

difference in the age-specific rates

between white and black men were generally not as pronounced as for women.

Similar to the findings for women, the’

age group at which the disparity was

greatest was 15-19 years-15.2 for white

men compared with 5.0 for black men.

Other studies have also found much

higher rates of marriage for white than

black men and women (2,3). In
Monthly Vital Statistics Repoft ● Vol. 43, No, 12(S) ● July 14, 1W5 ~5

particular, it has been noted that marriages among black teenagers have

become extremely rare (4).

Except for first marriages at ages 40

years and over, marriage rates were

higher for white women and men than

black women and men for all previous

marital status and age combinations. For

first marriages, the rate for white women

(72.5) was 91 percent higher than the rate

for black women (38.0). White men Ilrat

married at rates 50 percent higher than

black men-58.9 compared with 39.2,

The pattern in first marriage rates by age

was the same for both races, peaking at

25-29 years of age and decreasing

steadily thereafter. For, all age groups

under 40 years, first marriage rates for

white men and women were higher than

for black men and women. However, for

men and women first marrying at 40

years of age and over, the relationship

reversed and the rates were higher for

black persons than for white persons. For 4,

remarriages following divorce and widowhood, the rates for white women and

men were higher than for black women

and men for every age category. The 5“

disparities were greatest at the younger

age groups and the rates converged with

additional age.

References

1. Illiiois Department of Public Health. 6.

Vhal Statistic Illinois, 1990. Springfield,

Illiioix State of Illinois. 1994.

2. London K& Cohabitation, marriage,

marital dissolution, and remarriage:

United States, 1988. Advance data from

vital and health statistic no 194. Hyattsville, Maryland National Center for 7.

Health Statistics. 1991.

3. Bennett NG, Bloom DE Craig PH. The

divergence of black and white marriage

patterns. American Journal of %eiology

95(3} 692-722, 1989.

Heaton TB, Jacobson CK. Race dMerenees in changing family demographics in

the 1980s. Journal of Family Issues

15(2)290-308. 1994.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished

estimates by marital status consistent with

State population estimates by age and sex,

and race: 1980 to 1992. Current population repo~, series P-25, no 1106. Washingtorx U.S. Department of Comrneree.

1993.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Data tape

consistent with age, sex, ra~, and Hispanic origin information from the 1990

census A comparison of census results

with results where age and race have been

modiiied. 1990. CPH-L-74. Washington

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1991,

Byerly ER. State population estimates by

age and sex 1980 to 1992. U.S. Bureau

of the ~nsus. Current population repor@

series P-25, no 1106. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1993.
6~

List of detaiied tabies

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Marriages and marriage

United States, 1940-93.

Marriages and marna~e

Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~

rates:

. . . . .

rates:

United- States, each- region,

division, and State, 1980,

1989, and 1990. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marriages and marriage rates,

by month: United States, 1980,

1989, and 1990. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total marriage rate by marriage

order of women and men:

Marriage-registration are%

1972-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marriage .rates by previous

marital status of women and

7

8

9

10

6.

7.

8.

men Marriage-registration

area, 197(L90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marriage rates by age and previous marital status of women

and men: Marriage-registration

area, 1970, 1980, 1989, and

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pereent distribution of marriages by previous marital

status of both bride and groom.

Reporting States, 197(W0....

Marriages, 1989 and 1990, and

pereent distribution of marriages, 1970, 1980, 1989, and

1990 by age according to previous marital status of women

10

9.

11 10.

13

11.

and men Marriage-registration

area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Median and mean age of bride

and groom by previous marital

status: Marriage-registration

are~ 1964-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Marriages and mean age at

marriage by race and previous

marital status of bride and

groom: Total of 34 reporting

States, 1989 and 1990 . . . . . . . 18

Marriage rates by race, previous marital status, and age of

women and mexx Total of 34

reporting States, 1990 . . . . . . . 20
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● VOL 43, No, 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~7

Table 1. Marrlagaa and marriage rates United States, 1B40-93

[Data refer only to events ocourring within the United Sates. Alaska included beginning 1859 and Hawaii beginning 1960. Baginning with 1978, date include

nonlkm.sed marriages registered in Caliiomiw see Technical notes. Rates per 1,000 population enumerated as of April 1 for 1840, 1850, 1960, 1970, end 1880 end

esfhnatedes of July 1 for all otheryears]

Rae per 1,(XMpc@ationWonw) 15 Umllwiad

Tdaf Men 15 years of ZOofwfe

Year Number

Wvmm 15 J@ars wmnan 15-$4

population age and CWW1 ofageandowr yesm of age

Provisional:

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1382 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fk-lM

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1889 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1367 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1888 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1367 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1365 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1863 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1859 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1856 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1856 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1852 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1851 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1849 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1848 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1847 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1846 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1844 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1343 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1342 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1941 . . . . . . . . . . . .

,1840 . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,334,0Q0

2,382,000

2,371,000

2,443,488

2#03,266

2,395,926

2,403,378

2,407,088

2,412,625

2,477,192

2,445,604

2,456,278

2,422,145

2,390,252

2,331,337

2,282,272

2,178,367

2,154,607

2,152,662

2,229,887

2,284,106

2,282,154

2,190,461

2,153,602

2,145,000

2,069,000

1,927,000

1,857,000

1,800,000

1,725,000

1,654,000

1,577,000

1,548,030

1,523,000

1,494,000

1,451,000

1,518,000

1,685,000

1,531,000

1,480,000

1,546,(IGQ

1,539,318

1,584,634

1,867,231

1,579,738

1,811,155

1,381,878

2,291,046

1,612,982

1,452,384

1,577,060

1,772,132

1,695,898

1,595,879

9.0

9.3

9.4

9.8

9.7

9.8

9.9

10.0

10.1

10.5

10.5

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.4

10.3

9.9

9.9

10.0

10.5

10.8

10.9

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.4

9.7

9.5

9.3

9.0

8.8

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.4

8.9

9.5

9.3

9.2

9.8

9.9

10.4

11.1

10.6

12.4

13.9

16.4

12.2

10.9

11.7

13.2

12.7

12.1

..-

. . .

-..

. . .

28.0

26.8

28.0

26.3

28.6

27.0

28.0

28.0

23.5

28.4

28.5

28.1

28.0

27.2

27.4

27.9

28.4

30.7

31.3

30.7

31.1

31.4

30.6

29.1

26.4

27.9

27.1

26.4

25.5

25.5

2s.4

25.2

24.8

26.4

27.8

27.2

28.9

28.2

28.3

28.4

30.7

29.4

34.0

37.9

44.5

3S.6

31.2

32.2

35.6

34.0

32.3

24.1

23.9

24.0

24.3

24.5

24.9

25.8

25.7

26.1

28.1

26.1

25.8

25.7

25.0

25.2

25.6

27.1

28.2

26.8

28.2

28.4

28.9

28.3

26.9

28.4

26.0

25.3

24.7

23.9

24.0

24.0

23.8

23.5

24.9

28.4

25.6

25.4

26.7

28.8

26.1

23.8

26.5

33.0

24.8

42.8

30.5

27.8

30.6

34.8

33.7

32.3

523

53.3

54.2

54.5

54.2

54.6

55.7

56.2

57.0

59.5

59.9

61.4

61.7

61.4

63.6

84.1

63.6

65.2

%9

72.0

76.0

77.9

76.2

76.5

80.0

79.1

76.4

75.6

75.0

74.6

73.4

71.2

722

73.5

73.6

72.0

78.0

82.4

80.9

79.8

83.7

83.2

86.6

80.2

86.7

98.5

108.2

118.1

63.6

76.5

83.0

93.0

66.5

82.8

88.8

88.2

89.0

91.3

91.2

91.0

92.4

93.9

94.9

98.0

86.3

101.9

103.1

102.6

107.9

108.1

109.8

113.4

118.5

128.4

137.3

14i.3

136.9

140.2

149.1

147.2

145.2

145.1

144.3

146.2

143.3

136.4

146.4

148.0

149.8

146.3

157.4

186.6

161.1

154.3

1823

159.9

164.9

186.4

i56.o

174.7

1827

188.0

138.2

124.5

133.5

147.6

138.4

122.4
8~ Monthly Vital StatkticsR eporto Vol,43,N o,12(S)o July 14, 1995 ~

Table 2. Marriagaa and marriaga rates United Statea, each raglon, division, and Stata, 19S0, 19S9, and 1990

[~ ptSCSof -rrenm. D* we counts of matTia9e.SPeIf0rm@3 except as noted. Rates per 1,000 population enumerated as of April 1 for 1980 and estimated as of

July 1 for 18S8 and 1880]

Number Rate

Region, division, and State 19W 1969 1880 1980 1688 1980

Unitad States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regions

Northeast. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

south . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northeast

Naw England . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MkklleAtiantlc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest

Eaat North Central . . . . . . . . . . .

West Norlh Central . . . . . . . . . . .

south

South Atiantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . . . . . . .

Wast Scufh Central . . . . . . . . . .

West

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England:

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawHampshka.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhcdelsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocnntilcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MiddleAtiantic

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNotiCentral:

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorlhOentrak

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ScuthAtlantic

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DiatrfctofCclumbia . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WaetVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorthCsrolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East south Oentrak

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at and of table.

2,443,4S9

408,890

522,415

930,746

5S1,428

110,454

288,445

366,910

166,605

457,214

1S5,207

2ss,325

24S,414

333,014

11,915

10,535

6,128

47,696

6,134

26,046

2154,774

58,747

84,925

9S,076

53,169

100,632

76,098

38,934

33,688

24,831

49,063

4,762

7,716

12,625

22,720

5,839

48,316

4,860

71,043

13,003

51,823

55,764

66,760

141,816

49790

W,ol 9

43,050

24,346

2,403,268

416,270

510,4S6

910,281

564,231

113,842

304,428

363,5s4

156,602

450,373

182,481

277,427

23s,177

326,054

12,3S6

11,128

6,140

49,173

8,266

26,746

2153,765

60,076

87,5S7

97,782

53,445

S5,720

76,210

40,527

34,326

25,267

50,331

4,s47

7,108

12,708

22,214

5,943

46,202

4,845

69,001

13,279

51,017

64,684

67,400

137,S82

50,093

84,890

43,158

24,240

2,390,252

400,313

568,237

S80,185

540,517

106,328

386,517

173,720

413,113

1I338=

298,244

241,704

28S,813

12,040

9,251

5,226

46,273

7,480

26,04S

144,516

66,794

83,673

98,ss2

57,8+5S

108,823

S6,886

41,111

37,641

27,474

54,625

6,094

8,S00

14,239

24,S47

4,437

46,276

5,182

60,210

17,391

46,716

63,915

70,83s

108,344

132,727

59,175

49,018

27,8II8

9.6

a.o

8.7

10.9

11.0

6.4

7.9

8.7

6.8

10.5

12.2

10.8

18.1

8.5

9.7

9.5

10.9

7.9

6.1

7.9

26.6

7.6

7.1

9.0

9.6

8.8

8.2

7.9

7.7

9.0

9.6

7.5

11.1

6.0

9.2

8.4

9.7

8.2

11.4

7.2

7.8

15.9

10.3

10.9

13.5

13.9

10.6

9.4

9.7

8.2

8.6

10.7

10.9

8.6

8.1

6.4

6.9

10.5

12.1

~o.4

17.6

8.5

10.2

10.1

11.0

8.2

8.3

8.1

28.7

7.8

7.4

9.0

9.7

7.5

6.2

6.3

7.9

9.1

9.9

7.5

10.2

6.1

9.0

9.0

9.6

7.9

11.3

7.3

7.8

15.8

10.5

10.9

13.6

13.4

10.7

9.4

10.6

8.1

9.7

11.7

12.5

8.6

8.0

9.5

10.1

11.2

111,5

12.6

21.3

9.4

10.7

10.0

10.2

8.1

7.9

6.4

8.2

7.6

7.9

9.2

10.5

9.6

9.4

6.7

9.2

9.4

11.1

9.3

12.7

9.1

10.5

7.5

11.0

8.1

11.3

8.9

7.9

17.3

12.9

11.1

16.9

12.9

12.6

11.1
Monthly Vital Statistics Report .VoL43, No,12(S)o July 14, 1995 ~9

Tabfe 2. Marriages and marriage retw United Stataa, each reglo~ divialon, and State, 1980, 1989, end 1~.

~ pleoeof occurranoe.Data are oounteof mm”agea performed,exceptae noted. Ratee per 1,000 popuWan enumeratedaa ofApril 1 for 1880 and eatimetedaa of

July lfor1388end 1880]

Number Rata

R.@on,d&ishxr,and State 1980 1683 1980 lm 1983 Iwo

Weat South06ntrak

Arkaneaa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,02U 34,822 28,513 15.3 14.8 11.6

Ldslana... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,443 33,569 43,460 9.8 9.1

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3

33,249 33,032 48,508 10.6 10.5 15.4

Tepee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,613 170,864 181,782 10.5 10.2

Mountain

12.8

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,824 6,758 8,338 8.6 8.4 10.6

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,084 13,183 13,423 13.9 13.3 14.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,852 4,624 6,368 10.7 10.1

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.8

32,362 31,834 34,917 9.8 12.1

Naw Mexloo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,324 312,= 16,641 8.8 z

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12.8

36,342 435,733 ,30,223 10.0 %.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.1

19,427 16,583 16,958 11.2 10.9

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.6

120,619 114,334 114,333 88.0 100.6 142.6

PacUlc

Weehingto n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,554 45,278 47,728 9.5 9.5

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.6

23,839 23,004

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.7

42%! %3,28s 210,864 E E

AJaeka. o . . . . . . . .. o.......

8.9

5,671 5,673 5,361 10.2 10.4

Hawaii, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.3

18,306 17,971 11,8s3 18.4 16,4 12.3

brnalubmlpk.

%mutitiNwYti~lshetilmmk@vMd- w.llkakpKw&Mtortwrwlc+?4canrur0rHe@ttretarkuM.

s~m~m-mmswd.

4DarainclLldsrnUr@eIkerwsianuedfor UJmecwmks.

Table3. MarrIagea and marrlageratea, bymonth: United Stataa,1980,19S9, ●nd1990

[Reteaonenarmuelbeeie perl,000popula60n]

Number Raf@

Mrmfh Isw 1988 lSW 19W lm 1980

Tti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

February. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maroh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A@. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Auguat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

November. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D6camtw... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,443,482

117,310

147,058

168,118

185,372

226,131

280,218

219,836

260,483

255,028

213,769

134,405

135,645

2,403,268

114,278

136,754

156,443

183,561

225,017

271,919

237,362

234,228

254,683

211,545

170,228

186,852

2,380252

125,864

148,611

186,231

177,340

236,776

276,006

215,203

277,460

197,125

188,888

177,628

9.8

5.6

7.7

8.0

9.1

10.7

13.7

10.4

11.8

12.4

10.1

9.0

9.2

9.7

5.5

7.3

7.5

9.6

10.8

13.4

11.3

11.2

12.5

10.1

8.4

9.3

10.6

6.6

8.3

8.7

9.6

123

14.6

11.2

14.4

10.9

10.2

10.1

9.2
9

lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report oVoL43, No,12(S). July 14, 1995 ~

Table 4. Total marriage rate by marriage order of women and men: Marriega-regktretion area 1972+0

[Sasad on sample data. Marriages par 1,000 woman or men if age-sax spedfio rates for a given year were oonatant throughout their Iiies. Fgures for marriage order

not sfatad have been distribufad. Saginning in 1977, figures axolude data for Iowa. FIX a daaorfption of the manfaga-ragiatration area, sea Taohnical notes]

TM marnkge rafa T@ first-nrarriigerafe Totalramamlgerate

Year Women Men Women Men women Man

1890....................

1869 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

186s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,130.0

1,120.4

1,115.7

1,106.2

1,113.5

1,113.0

1,139.2

1,131.9

1,143.6

‘1,113.9

1,128.4

1,130.0

“1,112.4

1,086.4

1,100.7

1,125.7

1,191.5

‘1,249.1

1,254.8

1,143.8

1,144.3

1,145.2

1,136.6

1,150.1

1,155.5

1,192.4

1,189.4

1,206.4

1,218.0

1,207.5

1,243.2

14?27.3

1213.9

1,218.0

1,246.2

1,317.1

1,362.3

1,401.9

714.6

717.5

708.1

688.4

686.6

698.3

704.6

703.0

710.8

667.2

706.2

704.4

686.5

667.6

695.5

720.8

789.8

643.4

668.9

695.5

705.6

702.1

6S9.6

6s9.4

666.9

686.1

597.4

703.4

711.4

714.4

738.4

733.7

727.7

737.5

774.4

662.7

620.0

860.8

415.4

402.9

406.6

40S.8

414.9

413.7

434.6

426.9

432.7

426.7

422.2

425.6

415.9

410.8

405.2

404.9

401.7

405.7

367.9

446.3

43s.7

443.1

449.0

460.7

466.6

484.3

482.0

503.0

E06.6

493.1

503.8

483.6

466.2

460.5

471.8

464.4

462.3

441.1

Table 5. Marriage ratee by previous marital status of women and men Marriage-regktratlon area, 1970-90

[13fsad on sample dafa. Figurae axdude data for Iowa beginning with 1977. F~uraafor praviouslydwrcad and p+aviouslywidowad exclude data for Miohigan and Ohio

for all years, for South Carolina baginning wifh 1972, and for the Diiof of Oolumbia for 1970. For a description of the manfaga-ragiatrafion areaj sea Technical notes.

Rates par 1,000 population ages 15 years and over in spedffad group enumerated as of April 1 for 1970 and 1860 and aatknated as of July 1 for all ofher yeara]

Pnsviou.smarital sfatus of t+umen Pn9viorIsmarifd sfafus of men

Year Single DIVOmed Wwowad Single Dborcad Wdowed

1690 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4

1837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5

18s4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5

19s3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0

1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9

18s0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m.o

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8

1976. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2

1977. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2

1976. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0

1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9

1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5

1973. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.9

1972. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.1

1971. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.3

1970. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4

76.2

75.6

78.6

30.7

79.5

81.8

87.3

91.6

84.4

9s.3

91.3

104.0

105.0

107.3

111.3

117.2

121.7

131.0

120.6

132.8

123.3

5.2

5.1

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.7

5.8

6.2

6.1

6.5

6.7

7.7

7.1

7.6

7.9

8.3

9.1

9.3

9.4

9.6

10.2

47.0

46.2

4s.3

46.8

49.1

50.1

51.6

51.6

53.1

63a

54.7

56.3

56.4

56.7

66.2

61.6

66.0

73.9

77.2

76.2

60.4

105.9

105.6

109.7

115.7

117.8

121.8

132.7

142.1

146.9

150.8

142.1

165.6

166.6

173.4

165.0

168.8

186.7

221.3

226.0

230.7

204.5

23.8

24.5

23.1

26.1

26.8

27.7

28.7

30.7

32.1

30.8

32.2

35.3

32.7

35.3

37.6

40.4

36.9

39.3

40.6

42.5

40.6
Monthly Vitai Statistics Report .Voi,43, No, 12(S)o Juiy 14, 1995 ~ 11

Table 6. Marriage rates by age and previous merltel status of women and mom Merriaga-regiatretion area, 1970,1960,1988, and

1ss0

[6aaad on sampledata. For a dasoriptionoi the rnarriags-ragletrationarea, sea Technicalnotes.Marriagaa of paraone under15 years of age are includedinthe

YOWS we 9muP%ratesare basedon PWlations that excludeparsonsunder 15 yeara of age. Ratae for all marriagesare basedon the unmarriadpopulation;for

firstmarriages,on the never-marriedpopukdiq and for remarriages,on the widowedand dti populations.Rates par 1,000 lmpdatbn In specifiedage group

enumeratedas of April1 for 1970 and 1S60 and estimatedas of July 1 for all @heryears]

women Men

Age arrdprwkwa marital statua 188Q 1888 1980 1970 i390 1869 1980 1970

All marrbgesl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yIsars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-17 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-19 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yssrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-49 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yssrsand ovar. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstmarrbgee2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19 yaam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19 yearr3, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30+4yaar8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-88 yaan3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-64 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S5yearaand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Remarriages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yaaR?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-84 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-39 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yesn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-54years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yasra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66yaarsand ovar. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previwslywidowad3, . . . . . . . . . .

W-t4yaars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66yaaraand ovar. . . . . . . . . . . . .

%efoobwtasa tandoftabla.

47.8

28.8

10.8

63.8

100.0

127.4

97.2

68.3

50.0

36.2

21.4

11.7

8.1

1.9

57.7

28.2

10.7

52.5

92.6

108.4

70.8

41.1

19.5

12.9

7.8

4.2

3.8

0.7

35.8

*

245.9

137.7

68.6

65.2

43.3

24.8

13.0

8.7

2.0

5.2

43.6

11.0

1.7

47.9

30.0

11.4

56.1

104.4

124.5

95.6

69.3

49.2

34.3

21.2

10.4

7.1

2.0

56.7

26.3

11.3

54.7

98.7

108.8

66.3

40.3

21.4

11.0

7.0

4.0

3.7

0.9

34.8

*

252.9

176.2

137.7

68.2

60.7

41.8

24.9

11.6

7.6

2.1

5.1

42.2

9.8

1.8

54.2

47.2

20.2

80.9

130.8

128.3

85.0

. ..

. ..

. ..

..-

11.7

8.3

2.2

66.0

45.4

19.8

87.3

119.8

101.6

56.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

4.6

3.6

0.9

38.3

●

230.4

178.6

129.0

---

..-

---

. . .

13.2

9.1

2.3

8.7

51.0

12.2

2.1

69.4

.-.

35.6

156.7

234.2

170.1

111.3

.-.

---

. . .

..-

---

---

2.4

83.4

.-.

35.0

151.4

220.1

132.8

ea.s

. . .

. . .

---

-..

. . .

. . .

1.1

36.6

*

---

251.3

164.1

---

. . .

. . .

---

. . .

. . .

2.5

10.2

54.1

17.7

2.3

58.2

10.4

1.5

22.3

67.2

107.1

80.9

78.4

68.7

58.1

53.2

24.8

27.2

12.5

47.0

10.3

1.5

221

64.0

85.7

66.2

46,3

25.7

14.3

11.7

5.8

5.0

2.5

34.5

●

220.4

201.8

177.5

126.7

108.5

88,0

75.0

52.8

37.7

15.0

23.8

62.4

48.6

14.0

57.0

11.0

1.7

28.7

73.3

106.3

88.6

76.8

75.9

60.2

47.3

36.4

26.6

129

46.2

10.8

1.7

23.5

89.7

84.2

66.2

42.2

26.5

12.9

10.6

6.4

4.9

2.9

64.1

●

241.8

200.3

165.0

126.0

113.8

83.7

64.6

53.0

37.2

15.7

24.5

72.7

50.5

14.3

68.8

i7.4

3.0

38.2

100.4

131.2

122.8

. . .

. . .

---

.-.

36.4

31.7

15.2

54.7

17.0

2.9

36.4

84.5

106.9

75.5

. . .

. . .

---

---

8.0

6.2

2.9

106.3

*

. . .

226.7

226.2

203.9

..-

---

---

56.6

46.2

19.0

32.2

106.7

58.2

17.6

68.4

-..

5.4

74.4

205.7

217.8

160.6

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

---

15.6

24.4

. . .

5.2

73.0

185.7

181.5

68.8

. . .

---

-..

---

. . .

---

3.4

116.5

*

---

.-.

420.3

345.2

. . .

. . .

---

..-

. . .

19.9

40.6

107.8

7%2

19.4
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~

Table 6. Merriage rates by age and prevloua marital status of women and mem Marriage-registration area, 1970,1960, 1969, and

1990-Con.

&sad on sampledata. For a descriptionof the marriage-registrationarea, sea Technicalnotes.Marriagesof personsunder 15 yeare of age are includedinthe

youngestage groupq ratesare bead on populationsthaf excludeparsonsunder15 yeare of age. Rates for all marriagesare basedonthe unmarriedpopuletiomfor

firafmarriages,on the never-mamiadpopulationand for ramsnfages,on the widowadand dworcadpopulations.Rataa per 1,000 populationin specifiedage group

enumeratedas of April1 for 1970 and 1960 and aefimatadas of July 1 for all otheryeara]

Women Men

Age and previousmaritalsiwfus lWY 1969 1980 1970 1990 1969 1330 1970

Remarriages-n.

Previouslydworced3. . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 75.6 91.3 12s.3 105.9 105.6 142.1 204.5

15-19 yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2&24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . ...<.

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-S9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

00-64yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

●

252.3

163.8

137.5

92.6

69.3

47.3

26.2

17.1

11.5

4.5

●

246.6

174.0

136.3

91.9

64.3

45.5

28.4

15.9

10.8

4.9

*

234.2

160.8

131.8

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

18.1

12.5

5.3

*

. . .

.-.

-..

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

---

e.1

*

225.0

200.3

173.7

124.5

110.4

86.6

729

51.4

35.3

19.1

●

236.0

165.5

164.7

123.9

113.2

92.0

65.6

49.2

33.7

20.3

*

224.1

220.1

201.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

57.6

45.3

22.6

*

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

23.6
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● VOL 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~13

Tablo 7. Porcmt distribution of mmr&go8 by pr6viou8 marital status of both brido and graem: RopoftlIw 3tatoq 1970-00

won sampledata]

wlib~ib.u!yti WMw&knl’nluld

Yesr T- sk@9Diwm9d wdawdsb@l?L%tnwci uwmvedshKk71xumed wkbwd

Iwo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1388 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1388 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1W2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lW1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1879 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1378 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1376 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

197s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imp.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1370 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

103.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5s.7

54.5

54.5

54.3

54.4

54.7

55.0

54.8

55.1

54.9

56.5

58.7

57.3

57.8

58.9

80.5

83.1

84.8

87.1

68.2

8S.8

10.9

10.8

10.7

11.0

11.0

11.1

11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

10.8

10.8

10.7

10.3

10.1

9.3

8.6

8.1

7.6

7.2

6.9

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.s

0.s

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

11.0 19.7

10.9 19.1

10.9 19.0

10.7 19.1

10.7 16.9

10.4 16.8

10.2 16.6

10.0 16,S

9.8 16.6

9.6 16.8

9.3 17.8

8.8 17.6

8.7 17.4

8.5 17.2

8.2 16.4

7.8 15.5

7.s 14.0

7.1 13’2

6.6 120

6.4 11.1

6.4 10.7

1.s

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.s

1.3

1.3

1.4

f.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.9

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.7

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.4
14~ Monthly Vital Statlstlcs Report oVoL43, No,12(S)o July 14, 1995 ~

Table 8. Marriages, 1962 and 1980, and percent distribution of marrlagee, 1970, 19S0, 1989, and 1980 by age acoording to prWoIIs

marital atatua of women and men: Marriage-reglatratlon sraa

[8asedon sample data. For earnpllng errors of estimates and a description of the rnarriage-ragletratbn area, ea@Tachnloel notes]

Woman Men

Number Peroent Number Percwt

Age and prdoua

marrtet etetus 1990 76s9 W30 1986 1960 1970 1990 19s9 lm 18s9 f~l 1870

All mamiages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 18yaam . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 year n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yeara .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-s6yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4$49 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SO-64 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeare and over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First marriages 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under lSyears . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lF-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SO-S4yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S5-39yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yaaraand over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Remanfages I

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under20yaam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-26yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WYS8yaera. . . . . . . . . . . ...<.

40-44yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-56yaera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S5yaaraandovar . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes et end of table.

1,869,892

203,854

44,392

156,462

647,411

459,064

265,d61

166,656

101,669

66,132

28,865

t 6,206

13,066

18,QW

1,176,539

186,22s

43,420

152,60S

460,660

320,218

119,166

36,90s

13,050

4,666

2,094

917

788

639

651 ,8s4

3,670

52,379

12S,217

141,593

116,606

67,422

50,657

15,067

12,136

17,669

1,856,812

215,003

47,762

167,244

563,3S2

451,773

256,0s4

149,S62

8s,657

6s,156

27,5SS

15,s04

12,436

19,313

1,164,505

206,660

46,614

16a,osa

484,6s9

316,105

110,664

11,706

4,160

1,644

849

349

828

632,588

3,630

53,661

125,665

140,47T

111,262

60,466

46,230

26,352

14,124

11,393

16,117

100.0

10.9

2.4

8.5

29.3

24.6

14.2

6.5

5.4

3.0

1.5

0.9

0.7

1.0

100.0

16.6

3.7

13.0

40.8

27.2

10.1

3.4

1.1

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.6

8.0

19.7

21.7

17.9

13.4

7.8

4.0

2.3

1.9

2.7

100,0

11.6

2.6

9.0

80.3

24.3

13.8

8.0

5.0

2.9

1.5

0.8

0.7

1.0

100.0

17.4

3.9

13.5

41.8

26.7

9.4

3.0

1.0

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.6

8.5

19.9

22.2

17.6

12.7

7.6

4.0

2.2

1.8

2.9

100.0

21.1

5.6

15,6

37.1

18,7

9.3

4.8

2.9

2.0

1.4

0.9

0.7

1.0

100.0

30.4

8.2

22.2

47.s

16.0

4,0

1.1

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

1.7

15.3

24.4

20.6

12.7

6.1

5,8

4.0

2.6

2.1

2.9

100.0

32.5

10.0

22.5

39.7

10.4

4.7

3.2

2.7

2.3

1.5

1.2

0.8

0.9

100.0

41.6

13.0

26.6

46.0

7.7

2.0

0.9

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

100.0

2.9

16.8

19.2

13.1

10.7

9.6

8.4

5.7

4.8

3.3

3.6

1,668,682

79,346

6,760

73,166

461,213

607,461

303,548

166,656

120,649

72,919

46,642

23,234

20,6s8

S4,300

1,166,073

78,0S6

6,723

71 ,s0s

426,686

406,674

175,501

63,247

21,027

6,860

3,465

1,661

1,240

1,4s6

645,613

400

22,624

66,682

126,S241

120,385

97,326

64,977

42,527

26,68S

19,241

32,62CI

1,666,612

84,84s

7,441

76,802

476,640

510,233

287,639

173,484

116,636

70,140

42,020

26,406

21,394

36,496

1,166,721

62,221

7,314

74,907

440,062

408,653

166,311

55,641

10,446

6,200

2,6s6

1,789

1,S26

1,676

626,S61

471

24,181

66,833

123,767

114,664

95,477

6s,044

36,514

26,277

19,785

33,246

100.0

4.3

0.4

3.9

24.7

27.1

16.6

10.0

6.5

3,9

2.5

1.6

1.1

1.9

100.0

6.6

0.6

6.0

Ss.o

34.3

14.8

5.3

1.8

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.1

3.6

13.6

19.9

18.6

15.2

10.1

6.8

4.2

3.0

5.1

100.0

4.5

0.4

4.1

2s.7

27.5

16.0

9.3

6.3

3.6

2.3

1.6

1.2

1.9

100.0

6.9

0.6

6.3

37.0

34.4

14.1

4.7

1.6

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.1

3.8

14.2

19.7

18.3

15.2

10.0

6.1

4.2

3.1

5.3

100.0

8,5

0.9

7.6

35:!

23.8

12.3

6.5

4.0

2.8

2.’1

1.5

1.1

1.6

100.()

12:7

1..3

11.4

50.0

25.7

7.5

2.0

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.2

7.2

20<,1

21.9

15.4

10.2

7,3

5.6

4.0

3.0

5.1

100.0

14.0

1.6

12.4

4s.0

16.7

6.e

4.2

3.3

2.7

1.9

1.5

1.1

1.9

100.0

18.4

2.1

18.3

57.0

16.2

4.1

1.8

1.0

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

100.0

0.3

10.1

16.5

14.6

12.0

10.7

9.5

7.0

5.7

4.2

7.3
Monthly Vital Statistics Report *Vol,43, No. 12(S)o July 14, 1995 ~15

Table 8. Marrisgas, 1968 and 1090, and parcant distribution of marriagas, 1970,1960,1969, and 1996 by age according to prsvious

marital status of woman and mem Marriags-ragiatration a-on.

[8aaad on sampledata. For samplingerrwa of eatimataaand a daacriptionof the marriage-ragiatratbnara@asa T-i notaa]

women Men

Number Pamtmt Ptwart

AgeaeaPreic&

two 1M9 1890 1988 1s80 1970 lm lwfs 18WI 1888 lfaw 1970

Remarriagaa‘-(krr.

Pravioustyw”dowad2.. . . . . . . . . .

Under25yaar2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

X-28yeara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3!x38yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4w4yaara . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yaar3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-68 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B5yearaand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

PraviousiydNoroed2 . . . . . . . . . . .

Undar20yasra . . . . ... . . . . . . .

20-24 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-33 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaara, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-48 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-54yaara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-E@yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

So-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B5yaaraandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatadifwidowadorcworoed.. .

Notatatedifprwbdyrnarriad

TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49,133

874

1,922

3,566

4,213

5,116

5,1t4

4,750

5,082

6,032

12,468

511,750

3,076

44,157

107,084

117,823

98,516

70,028

38,898

17,841

8,416

4,479

3,320

91,065

36,319

49,000

823

1,868

3,684

4,303

4,882

4,953

4,865

4,601

6,318

12,492

2,953

44,888

105,881

117,382

91,754

64,332

36,705

17,007

7,883

3,710

3,267

87,616

38,706

100.0

1.8

3.9

7.3

8.6

10.4

10.4

9.7

10.3

12.3

25.4

1O$J.O

0.6

8.8

20.9

23.0

18.9

13.7

7.6

3.5

1.8

0.9

0.6

. . .

. . .

100.0

1.7

4.1

7.5

8.8

10.1

10.1

9.9

9.4

129

25.5

100.0

0.6

9.1

21.4

23.7

18.5

f3.o

7.4

3.4

1.6

0.7

0.7

. . .

. . .

100.0

3.0

5.6

6.3

7.2

8.6

10.5

12.6

11.4

13.2

21.6

100.0

1.7

16.7

26.7

22.5

13.6

8.0

5.0

2.8

1.5

0.7

0.6

. . .

. . .

100.0

4.6

5.0

5.2

7.4

10.2

13.7

14.2

13.8

11.5

14.2

100.0

3.6

22.8

23.2

t 5.2

11.7

9.6

6.8

3.4

21

1.0

0.6

. . .

. . .

45,524

154

566

1,365

1,805

2#48

Z856

3,717

5$?63

6,374

20,371

512,853

280

19,571

75,685

108,333

101,731

81,713

54,0C9

33,186

18,348

10,303

8,873

87@5

38J?08

45,843

148

702

1,203

2,052

2,645

3,063

3,832

5,275

7,274

20,542

485,827

411

20,706

74,85s

105,=1

97,484

60,368

5Q,603

23,657

17,662

9,820

8,784

85,711

38,710

100.0

*

1.2

3.0

4.2

6.3

6.5

8.2

11.6

14.0

44.7

100.0

●

3.6

14.8

21.2

19.8

15.9

10.5

6.5

3.6

20

1.7

. . .

. . .

100.0

*

1.5

26

4.4

5.6

6.5

8.4

11.3

15.5

43.9

100.0

0.1

4.2

15.1

21.2

19.7

16.2

10.2

6.0

3.6

20

1.8

. . .

. . .

100.0

0.7

1.8

3.5

3.8

5.0

7.3

10.9

13.6

14.5

38.9

100.0

0.2

7.7

2t .7

24.1

16.9

10.8

7.4

5.2

3.0

1.7

1.4

. . .

. . .

100.0

1.1

2.5

3.0

4.0

6.6

9.8

11.9

14.9

13.7

32.4

100.0

0.4

11.9

220

17.4

13.9

11.6

9.8

5.9

3.8

20

1.5

. . .

. . .
16~ Monthly Vital Statlstlcs Report .Vol,43, Not12(S). July 14, 1995 ~

Table 9. MadIan and maan age of bride and groom by pravious marital status Marrlaga-raglatration araa, 19S4-S0

[Saaadon sampledata. Figuresby previousmaritalstatusaxoludedata for Iowa beginningwith 1977. Figuresfor previouslydivoroadand previously widowed exolude

data for Michigan smdOhiofor all years, for SouthCarolinabeginningWM 1972, and forthe Distrfot of Oolumblafor 1970. For a dssoriptionof the marriagMX$atraUon

area, sea Tsohnloalnotee]

i%eviouSmarftel status of brfde Previous marital status of groom

Rerrrsrriage Remsnrkge

Preldously Previously First Pns!dously Previously

Year ToW1 First mardsge ToW2 diwxr.x?d widowed Totall marriage ToW2 divvmed widowed

1830..................... 26.7

1668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4

1366 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1

W67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0...... 25.7

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3

1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8

1862 . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4

1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7

1078 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4

1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,0

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7

197: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5

1657 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5

1855 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4

Ssefoobmtas~andoftable.

24.0

23.9

23.7

23.6

23.3

23.0

22.6

22.5

22.3

22.0

21.6

21.6

21.4

21.1

21.0

20.8

20.6

20.6

20.6

20.5

20.6

20.6

20.6

20.5

20.3

20.4

20.4

35.0

34.7

34.5

34.1

33.9

33.6

23.3

32.9

32.5

32.1

32.0

31.9

31.5

31.4

31.7

32.0

32.1

32.3

32.8

32.9

33.3

33.6

33.8

35.0

35.2

85.5

35.6

34.2

34.0

33.6

33,3

83.1

32.6

32.5

32.0

31.6

31.2

31.0

30.8

30.5

30.2

30.1

30.2

30.0

30.2

30.3

80.2

30,1

30.4

30.7

31.3

31.4

31.7

31.7

54.0

53.6

53.9

53.s

54.3

54.6

54.2

54.0

54.1

53:6

53.6

55.2

52.6

53.1

53.0

52.4

51.9

52.1

51.4

51.8

51.2

51.3

50.6

50.0

50.2

50.1

50.3

26.7

28.4

26.1

26.0

27.6

27.5

27.2

27.0

26.7

26.3

25,9

26.8

25.5

25.2

25.0

24.7

24.2

24.1

28.8

23.7

23.6

23.5

23,6

23.s

23.8

23.6

23.6

25.9

25.7

25.5

25.3

25.1

24.6

24.6

24.4

24.1

23.9

28.6

23.4

23.2

23.0

22.9

22.7

22.5

22.5

22.4

22.5

22,5

22,4

22.4

22,6

22.6

22.5

22.4

36.3

36.3

36.0

37.7

37.5

37.1

36.s

38.2

35.7

35.3

85.2

35.3

35.1

34.9

35.1

35.5

35.7

36.3

36.5

36.9

37.5

86.2

3s.3

39.1

33.2

38.6

38.7

37.4

37.3

37.0

86.7

36.6

36.1

35.9

35.3

34.9

34.4

34.0

33.9

33.8

33.6

33.7

33.6

33.6

33.9

34.0

34.1

34.5

34.7

35.1

35.5

35.8

38.0

36.4

63.1

62.9

63.0

62.8

62.9

62.7

62.4

62.0

61.7

61.0

61.2

61.7

59.7

60.1

60.0

59.4

59.2

59.3

59.1

59.1

56.7

59.0

57.9

57.7

57.9

57.6

68.0
Monthly Vitai Statistics Report .Voi.43, No. 12(S) @July 14, 1995 ~17

Table 9. Median ●nd mean age of bride end groom by previous meritel etatw Merrhgo-mgietmtion area, lW4-90-Con.

[6aaadonsampledata.Figurw by previous marital status exolude data for Iwa beginning with 1977. Figures for praWmly divwoad and praviousiy widowed exclude

data for Miohigan and Ohio for all yearn, for 6outh Oarolina beginning * 1972, and for the Diatriot of Columbia for 1970. Fcf a description of the marriage-registration

area, sea Technical notes]

Pnwiousmaritalstatusof bnWa Previousmaritalstatua of groom

Remarriage Remarriage

i%wiOwiOw PIwb%9vhlw

Year

FM J%;”ti P:;alS.#

Totall first marqhge T&12 Tdalf mrriage 7&q/2

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3

1388 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0

138S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S.8

18S7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S.6

1s68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2s.4

1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2s.1

1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6

1863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3

18s1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,1

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1S74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1

1388 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1

186-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2

1964. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3

25.0

24.6

24.6

24.5

24.3

24.0

23.6

23.5

23.3

23.0

22.7

22.5

22.3

22.2

22.1

21.9

21.7

21.7

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.6

21.5

21.6

21.4

37.0

36.9

36.7

36.4

38.2

36.1

35.9

35.6

35.3

35.0

35.0

35.4

34.9

35.0

35.3

35.5

35.7

36.0

38.2

36.4

36.6

3s.9

36.9

37.4

37.6

37.7

37.8

Mean age

35.6 53.4

35.3 53.3

350 53.1

34.7 53.1

34.6 523

34.3 53.3

34.0 52.8

33.7 52.6

33.4 52.6

33.0 52.2

328 62.2

32.8 53.4

32.6 51.4

32.5 61.8

32.5 51.8

32.7 51.2

32.5 51.0

32.8 51.0

32.9 50.7

32.8 50.6

32.8 50.3

33.0 50.4

33.2 49.9

33.3 49.7

33.6 49.7

33.6 427

33.1 50.0

31.7

31.5

31.3

31.2

31.0

30.6

30.5

30.3

30.0

23.6

28.4

28.5

2%1

28.0

28.9

26.7

2s.3

2s.1

27.9

27.8

27.8

27.7

27.7

2s.0

28.0

2s.1

2S.3

26.9

26.7

26.5

26.4

26.2

25.9

25.7

25.5

25.3

25.0

24.8

24.6

24.4

24.3

24.1

24.0

23.8

23.8

23.7

23.7

23.8

23.8

23.8

24.0

24.0

24.0

24.0

40.7

40.6

40.5

40.3

40.1

33.9

38.7

38.3

38.0

3s.7

3s.7

3s.9

3s.5

38.6

3S.6

33.1

38.4

36.6

38.8

40.3

40.6

40.9

44.0

41.4

41.6

420

421

39.0 61.1

38.8 61.1

38.6 60.9

3s.4 60.9

38.2 61.2

37.9 61.1

37.7 50.8

37.3 80.2

37.0 58.9

36.6 53.5

38.5 59.6

36.4 60.0

36.2 5s.4

36.1 5s.9

36.2 5S.6

36.3 58.2

3s.3 5s.2

36.4 58.1

36.5 5s.0

36.6 57.7

36.7 57.7

36.9 57.7

37.1 57.0

37.4 56.7

37.6 57.0

37.8 66.7

37.8 57.0

7F@rssincluds prsvbusmeuitsstatusnotstslsd.

*Fwsaklckl*dwOrcsd Ofwklwedlwtststsd.
18~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report oVoL43, No.12(S)o July 14, 1995 ~

Table 10. Marriages and mean age at marriage by race and pravioua marital status of bride and groom: Total of 34 reporting States,

1969 and 1390

[Baaedon sample data]

Remarriage

Previous

Wdowed or

Firai

marital

Previously

Race

Previously

Total

divorced status

marriage Tots/ diwrcedl widowed 1 not stated nor stated

1880

Bride

Allracas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Olherraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race rrotetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherraees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i ,280,064 763,768

642,071

97,914

17,e78

5,685

474,827

425,844

36,508

6,418

3,959

408,231

367,256

31,661

5,568

3,505

38,766

34,871

3,000

535

373

35,367

31,466

3,343

254

302

53.5

53.9

50.0

45.6

46.4

61.2

61.6

66.0

*

*

36,019

34,085

3,198

27,811

23,817

3,626

284

75

11,473

7,905

427

233

2.914

1,075,920

136,647

24,528

12,766

1,250,064 773,753 465,635 404,543 25,765 10,616

7,223

651

226

2,510

1,073,144

144,272

20,653

11,785

653,632

88,806

15,750

5,463

412,283

44,713

4,877

3,622

359,334

37,360

4,326

3,501

21,481

3,880

295

19

Mean age

Brida

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

otharraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie . . . .. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1363

Bride

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherracss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racanotstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Groom

All raoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racermtstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28.2

28.2

28.6

28.8

23.4

24.6

24.2

26.7

26.0

24.9

28.8

36.7

37.8

36.8

87.1

36.3

35.1

36.7

36.1

35.9

36.1 26.3

35.8

37.9

*

*

25.7

27.3

*

27.9

31.7

31.7

32.2

30.6

31.9

26.5

26.2

26.0

27.9

27.1

40.4

40.3

41.5

38.3

38.9

36.7

36.5

40.1

38.4

36.6

39.4

39.2

40.8

*

*

28.1

27.3

28.3

*

30.0

Number

1,228,388

1,068,360

134,368

23,771

11.288

761,810

641,145

96,056

17,672

4,837

455,732

410,730

35,560

5,834

3,446

391,288

353,716

28,264

5,207

3,112

26,414

22,919

3,100

11,656

6,035

752

105

2,914

469

263

35,388

31,144

3,655

321

67

1,223$36

1,067,643

140,685

20,450

10,620

771,069 447,(M3

336,427

40,556

4,630

3,198

366,591

345,683

33,671

4,332

2,685

25,023

21,580

3,230

177

32

11,300

7,765

716

164

2,645

651,431

93,413

15,466

4,779

Mean age

Bri&.

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wtriie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cltherracas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstatsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saefootnoteatand oftable.

28.9

28.9

28.3

28.4

28.2

24.3

24.0

26.3

25.8

24.7

36.7 35.1 53.4 35.8 26.2

35.6

36.7

33.3

*

25.7

27.4

●

36.6

37.7

35.9

37.1

34.9

38.7

35.3

35.5

54.0

47.9

43.7

● 27.6
Monthly Vital Statistics Repoti. Voi.43, No. 12(S)o Juiy 14, 1W5 ~19

Table 10. Marriages and mean age at marriage by race and previous marital status of tn’idaand groom: Total of 24 iaporting Stab,

1968 and ItHO-Con.

[6ased on sampledats]

Rmarisge

Ptwfoua

w-w rnsml

Hrst

Raoe T& =

Prere!y diuncsd status

-e T& notstated notStsted

1969-oon. Mean sw

Gtvom

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 26.3 40.4 36.6 61.3 39.2 27.6

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 26.0 40.3 36.4 61.8 38.0 27.2

Quack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 27.8 41.5 39.9 57.7 40.1 26.0

Other raoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO.7 27.6 40.0 36.6 56.3 * *

RaOenotatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 26.6 40.6 36.8 ● *

29.5

bstssxcludsremrriwin3wtt rcsroungmgsed@aareinrJwdkl “Mdwlsd Wdbradnot-”

NOlEOfths4Z Stsiminttrsm Mqs@sMm smsin18eesnd lwo,341spxtod mdMdsud gRlcm-Alsbsma A!sska Corms@@ oslsww, Fbtlda, Gso@m,NswG’,ldatw,

Iubmls,IndfsIw i(snaas, Kmtudw LOUisiana,WI-W, MIrnssdq MHUIPPI, MImouri,Ma)tarq Nshskm NW Nsm@N, NW JaSSM I’JIJFJICanMnS.q. PMMWMJL$

SaMr Carulha, S@h 0dc4n, Tsinwusq

Rhodshlsnd,

Utshnah?w ~tiv&&t%&t@J&liQ Wlbxmh, andwyuning.llma rsgbmbnamss trIstdId nc+rsputws arscaHOmia, coluadO, rhsOi$bwor

CohImbWlows,Maylmnd,M~
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 43, No. 12(S) ● Juiy 14, 1995 ~

Table 11. Marriage ratea by mce, previous maritai atetue, and age of women and men: Totai of 34 Reporting States, 1990

[8asadon sample data. Marriages of pareons under 15 yeara of age am Inducted in the youngest age groupq rates are based on populations that exclude persona

under 15 years of age. Prior to calculations of rates, figures for not stated raoa were distributed. Rataa for all marriages ware based on the unmamied populatio~ for

first marriages, on the never-married populatio~ and for rsmamfages, on the widowed and divorosd populations. Rates per 1,000 in spaoified age and raoe groups

enumerated as of April 1]

Womerr Marr

Age arrd previous rnari&l aiwua AU raoa 1 WMe Bladr All rams 1 White Mask

All nvmiagea

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3%39yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46+4yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearaand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

First marriages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-29 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4044yaaB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeara andover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prwiouslywidowed2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l%44yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-e4yaare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65ysereand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previously divorcad2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-2Syeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 y88ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4$54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66yaaraand over. . . . . . . . . . . . .

64.1

35.7

115.4

139.9

106.7

80.3

60.8

34.6

11.9

2.2

64.4

34.9

‘106.6

118.3

73.5

41.2

23.0

11.1

4.2

0.8

6.0

63.9

12.8

2.0

86.8

*

241.5

202.5

146.0

106.3

75.8

44.9

17.3

5.0

68.6

41.2

131.2

162.2

123.6

90.7

67.2

36.4

12.9

2.3

72.5

40.2

121.3

139.2

65.8

43.1

22.6

10.6

3.9

0.7

6.3

66.4

14.8

2.1

94.7

●

253.3

216.7

162.5

118.0

82.9

46.6

18.6

5.4

33.5

14.8

56.7

70.3

55.1

44.1

33.5

18.1

6.5

1.3

36.0

14.8

57.0

64.5

46.5

39.2

24.0

12.5

●

●

3.6

21.6

5.1

1.0

45.1

●

130.2

110.7

78.6

55.7

41.5

26.7

11.4

●

66.1

13.2

82.9

122.9

106.4

83.9

83,7

59.3

38.7

15.8

54.5

13.1

78.1

10s.5

78.8

51.0

30.1

16.3

6.7

3.1

28.2

96.2

55.9

18.9

117.0

●

207.2

189.5

173.2

140.0

115.7

92.5

51.4

22.9

71.2

15.2

68.9

133.3

117.0

89.3

87.6

72.9

40.0

16.5

5s.9

15.1

85.6

119.2

65.4

51.9

28.7

15.3

5.4

2.7

30.3

116.8

63.3

18.3

122.5

*

220.0

205.8

179.3

146.2

120.4

96.8

63.0

24.0

45.9

5.0

56.4

82.0

72.1

87.5

61.5

48.1

30.2

10.4

39.2

5.0

55.8

75.8

56.7

48.0

31.9

19.9

12.5

*

i 7.8

49.0

30.4

8.6

85.4

*

82.3

154.7

135.5

106.2

91.1

68.7

43.6

17.5

lIWMSS rams othsrrhan whiteandbklr.

zwrmti-ywwwesw~d~ed~~~~

NO=~W*-hti mfi@~-h 1~, Uti-d We@~~~~ Oekware, Fbrida Ge0rgi4 Hawaii, I*, Ilinoia Imiiaw.

Kaneee, Ks@ucky, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, M&4sdf@, M&eouII, Montana Nebmska, W Hampehlm, New Jwsey, Norlh Csrdine, 0reg2n, Pmr@vde,

Seuth Oakota Tenrwmae,

Rhode Island, couth%Ihra

Utah,vemlork#Vhginia,wart Wgln)a Wscondn,andWyoming.Thosamgisbarbn-lhatdid netraportraca ara Cdfcda Oakwado, tha OisafctdCo!4mbia

Iowa Matyland, Massadwsetts, Mii, New Yak, and Ohio.
Monthly Vital StatisticsReport. Vol. 43, No. 12(S). July 14, 1W5 ~ 21

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantityzero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but Iese

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet atandarduof

reliabilityor preoiabn
22~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~

Technical notes

Place and time of occurrence

Marriages and marriage rates for

States and other areas are by place of

occurrence. Marriages are those performed during the calendar year.

Sources of data

Figures in tables 1-3 are based on

totals reported by States and counties,

except for New York City where the

count of marriages is the total number of

vrdid marriage certificates provided to the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS). Figures in tables 4-11 are based

on data tabulated from State-coded data

tapes and from probability samples of

records selected and coded in NCHS

from copies of the records sent by States

participating in the marnage-registration

area (MRA). Jn 1989 and 1990 the MRA

consistedof the Districtof CMumbiaand all

except eight Statea-Ariz.on% Arkamas,

Neva@ New Mexico, North Dako@ Oldahom%Texas, and Washington.

Nonlicensed (confidential)

marriages for California

Section 4213 of the California Civil

Code allows unmarned couples who have

been living together to be married eontidentially without obtaining a marriage

license or health certificate. In March

1972 this section was amended to require

county clerks to keep sealed records of

these marriages and to report periodically

the total number to the California State

Department of Health Services. Since

reporting began, nonlicensed marriages

have increased rapidly, from 2,857 in

1973, to 48,040 in 1980, to 90,494 in

1987. There were 94,791 nonlicensed

marriages in 1989 and 103,206 in 1990.

NCHS has not included the nonlicensed

California marriages in totals or rates for

years before 1978. However, beginning

with final statistics for 1978, nonlicensed

marriages are included in the national and

regional totals and rates.

Marriage sample

Total counts of marriages shown in

tables 1–3 are obtained from State offices

for most States. For New Mexico

Table L Approximate aampllng errors of

estlmeted number of marriagea ahown In

table 8 Marrlag~regIatratIon area, 19S9

and 1990

Sampling error

Percent of total MRA

rrram”ageain aubdasa 1989 1s90

lor88 . . . . . . . . . . . . S08 510

2or88 . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 718

3or97 . . . . . .. . . . . . 870 874

4or88 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 1,004

5or25 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 1,117

7or88 : . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302 1,30s

100r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,531 1,538

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,822 1,830

200r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,041 2,050

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 2,219

so . . ) ., ! . . . . . . . . . 2,551 2,583

HOW TO USE THE SAMPUNGERRORTA81E The total

numberof MRArnaniqw in 1S90(m(oludlnommlimnaed

Cellfomlameniegea)wea 1,369,8S2.Forany aetimeteof

mehoaashwnlntiba,-tib POfmntofthetota.1

MRAmarriagaa.Than lookInthe ~le & aamp!ingerromfor

h rowcontainingtha mmputedpercentto determinethe

~Plh) errorforthe aatlrnatadnumber04mdegaa fofuw

year. Forexample,in 1820 them were an @mated S51,SS4

remanie~ orwomen,or 34.9 paroantcdall 18W merr@ee.

samuae34.9 is balwaan2send wparcantrha aamplirlg

arroris batwaan2,219 end 2,583, or,by Inrerpohriorl,2,3ss

rmmaniegaslhe chancaaareakut63 outoflCOthet Uw

ectuelnumberoi 1S90ramanhgea b Imlw8em64S,62Sand

8S4,33S(851,324+ 2,3%).

marriages and California nonlicensed

marriages, counts were obtained from

each county. Data on characteristics ‘of

bride and groom 8hown in tables 4-11 are

available only from States in the MR4

and exclude nonlicensed marriages in

California.

The probability sample of marriages

for 1989 and 1990 were selected by using

five different sampling rates. For the District of Columbia and for each State in

the MIU&either 5, 10,20,50, or 100 percent of the marriage reeords were

included. Sampling rates were selected so

that the expected sample would contain at

least 2,500 records for each State. This

criterion required 100-percent sampling

for the District of Columbia and Delaware. All States in the MRA provided

their marriage certticate data through

either State-coded data tapes, microfilm,

or photocopies.

In 1989 and 1990, marriages in the

MRA sample are representative of

77 percent of the marriages registered in

the United States in those years. Nordicensed marriages registered in California

are not available for inclusion in the

MRA marriage sample. The 5-percent

sample of California marriages for 1989

and 1990 was drawn only from licensed

marriages. The corresponding weights for

sample records were based on these

totals. Because no information is available on the characteristics clf persons

obtaining nonlicensed marriages, no

accurate estimate is available of the bias

introduced in sample estimates by the

omission of these marriages.

Marriage rates were lower for the

MRA than for the entire United States.

The 1990 crude marriage rate for the

MRA (8.7 per 1,000) was 11 percent

below the U.S. rate (9.8) and the rate for

unmarried women 15 years of age and

over (47,8 per 1,000) was 12 percent

below the U.S. rate (54.5). This is

because residents of the MR4 constituted

86 percent of the U.S. population, while

the marriages in the MRA were representative of only 77 percent of U.S. marriages. At least two reasons far the these

differences can be identified.

First, many residents of States in the

MRA married in States not in the MRA

and were not counted in the MRA marriage total. However, because they lived

within the Mw they were counted in

the population on which the rates were

based. Nevada accounted for a large proportion of this net loss from the MRA

total.

A second reason was that the nonlicensed California marriages were not in

the MRA sample to count as marriages,

but the entire population of California

was in the population on which MRA

rates were based. If these 103,206 marriages in 1990 had been included in the

MRA sample, the rate would have been

50.4 rather than 47.8 per 1,000 unmarried

women 15 years of age and over.

There may also be a diilerence in the

rate at which residents of States in the

MRA marry, divorce, and remarry compared with residents of States not in the

MRA.

Sampling errors

All statistics for the Mm are estimates based on the systematic sample of

marriages described earlier; therefore,

these statistics are subject to sampling

errors. The sampling error is a measure of

variation that occurs by chance between

sample estimates and the actual quantity

being estimated. Chances are about 68

out of 100 that an estimate would differ

from the true value by less than the
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 12(S) ● July 14, 1995 ~23

sampling error, and about 95 out of 100

that the difference would be less than

twice the sampling error.

Population denominators

Marriage rates for 1989 and 1990 for

the MRA by age, sex, and previous

marital status are based on unpublished

population estimates as of July 1, prepared by the U.S. Bureau of the Census (5), exeept for the rates by race shown

in table 11 which are based on populations enumerated as of April 1, 1990 (6).

National and State rates for 1989 and

1990 are based on population estimates

as of July 1, published by the U.S.

Bureau of the Census (7).

Computation of percent

distributions, medians, and means

Figures for marriage order and previous marital status not stated were subtracted from figures for marriages used as

denominators before medians were computed. Percent distributiona were calculated excluding not-stated cases.

Computations of median and mean age at

marriage were based on tabulations of

ungrouped data.

Nonreporting bias

Age was reported on more than

99 percent marriage reeords and the

missing data were imputed during processing of the file. For tables 5,6, and 11,

no allocation of missing data for previous

marital status was done before rates were

calculated.

In 1990 previous marital status was

reported with about 99 percent completeness for tables 5, 6, (38 States and the

District of Columbia) and 11 (34 States).

Missing data for race in table 11 (about

1 percent of the records for brides and

grooms) were allocated before the calculation of the rates.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi, 43, No. 12(S) ● Juiy 14, 1W5 ~

This report represents summary tabulations from the final marriage statistics for 1989 and 1990. The

National Center for Health Statistic will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

I I

Suggested citation Copyright information

Ciarke, SC. Advenoereportof final marriage Ail materialappearingin this reportis in the

etatieties,1989 and 1990. Monthiyvital publicdomain and may be reproducedor

statietiesrepo~ voi 48 no 12, suppl.Hyattsviile, eopladwithoutpermissiorycitationas to

MaryiarxkNationalCenterfor Health

Statistics.1995

source,however,ia eppreeieted.

National Cantar for Health Statlatlca

AotingDireetor

Jack R. Anderson

ActingDeputyDirector

JenniferH. Madans, Ph.D.

AssociateDireetortir

Vi end HealthstatisticsSystems

Peter L Hurisy

Division of Vital StatiatkaI

Director

MaryAnne Freedman
Vol. 43, No. 9, Sutdernent ● March 22.1995

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Divorce Statistics, 1989 and 1990

by Sally C. Clarke, Divisionof Vial Statistics

Contents

Divorces and divorce rates. . . 1

Children involved in divorce. . 2

Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3

Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4

Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4

Physical custody of children.. 5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6

List of detailed tables . . . . . . . 7

Technical notes. . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Divorces and divorce rates

The number of divorcing couples in

the United States was 1,182,000 in 1990,

the highest number since 1985

(1,190,000) but 3 percent lower than the

peak number in 1981 (1,213,000)

(table 1). The divorce rate per 1,000

population in 1990 was 4.7, the same as

in 1989, but 11 percent lower than the

peak rate of 5.3 in 1979 and 1981.

Provisional data indicate that the rate

remained steady at 4.7 in 1991 but

increased slightly to 4.8 in 1992 before

dropping to 4.6 in 1993 (1,2). For women

at risk of divorce (married women 15

years of age and over), the divorce rate

increased slightly in 1990 to 20.9 per

1,000 population after declining steadily

for 4 years. This rate can be used as an

estimate of the divorce rate per 1,000

married couples. Thus, approximately 2

percent of married couples in the United

States divorced in 1990.

Table 2 shows the number and rate.

of divorces by region, division, and State

for 1990, 1989, and 1980. Compared

with 1989, the number of divorces in

1990 was higher in every region except

the Northeast where it declined slightly.

Within the Northeast, all New England

States (with the exception of Rhode

Island) had lower numbers of divorces in

1990 than in 1989. When divorce rates by

region between 1989 and 1990 were

compared, the rate declined in the Northeast, increased in the Midwest and Sou&

and was unchanged in the West. The

1990 rate was highest in the South (5.5)

and lowest in the Northeast (3.3), a disparity that has been persistent but narrowing over time.

Compared with 1980, the number of

divorces in 1990 was lower in every

region except the South. The number

declined 3 percent in the Northeast,

6 percent in the Midwes~ and 2 percent

in the West. Divorces in the South in

1990 (470,000) numbered 5 percent

higher than in 1980 (449,000). Despite

the increase in the number for the South,

divorce rates were lower for all regions in

1990 than in 1980 with the greatest

decline occurring in the West—from 6.3

to 5.1, a 19-percent decline.

Divorce rates for 1990 by State

ranged from 2.7 in Massachusetts to 10.8

in Nevada. Compared with 1989, divorce

rates for 1990 declined for 14 States and

the District of Columbia, increased for 26

States, and stayed the same for 9 States.

When divorce rates for 1990 were compared with rates for 1980, only eight

States had higher rates in 1990 than in

1980. Of these States, six were in the

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared under the general direction of Robert L. Heuser, Chief of the Natrdity, Marriage, and Divorce Statistics Branch. Donna L. Wright

provided clerical support. Sherry Murphy of the Statistical Resources Branch collected evaluate~ and processed county data on which the U.S. figures arc

based and provided statistical tables and content review. Gail Parr, Linda Pardoe, and Jordan Sacks of the Systems and Programming Branch provided

computer programming support. Patricia Day, David Justice, Jenny Juaticc, Ann ScsrIett, and Elsie Stanton of the Technical Services Brmch carried out

quality evaluation and ameptance procedures for the State data files on which this report is based. S~ of the Registration Methoda Branch consulted with

State vital statistics offices regarding the collection of the divorce certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Patricia

Keaton-Wfisms and typeset by Annette F. Faccmire of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

Scwlcr$,ti #

# %

:*

#

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

s Public Health Service

:

7

Centers for Disease Controland Prevention

%+4%.,aa National Center for Health Statistics

CDC

cm’EmFonusE4sEm+mwl. MOmEVE?mm
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

South (Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, involved in divorce, ages of the husbands the number of divorces increased to levels

North tiOlill~ south tiOliIl~ and West and wives at divorce and at marriage, and that equaled and then exceeded the number

Vra). The remaining two States with the duration of marriagewere reportedby all of children involvedin divorce (figure 1).As

higher ratea in 1990 than in 1980 (Pennsyl- DRA States. Data used in this report on the a result of these trends,the average number

vania and North Dakota) had very low rates race of the husband and tie and on the of children per decree fell from 1.20 in 1972

in both years. A comparison between rates physical custody of the children were from to a relative low of 0.89 in 1987 and 1988

for 1980 and 1990 showed declines of more the certificatesof DRA Statesthat had these before increasingslightlyto its eunrentlevel.

than 20 percent for Ak& California, the items on their certificates and met certain The average number of children for

District of Columbi~ Maine, Nevad~ New NCHS criteria for reporting. See Tidmkal divorcing couples was very similar to the

Hampshire, and New Mexico.The rates for notes for more information on the data used average number of children in all marriedNebras& Hawaii, Tennessee, and Viginia in this report. couple householdsin 1990 (0.88) 1(4).

were the same for both years.Rateswere not The rate of children involved in

computed for Louisiana in 1989 and 1990 Children involved in divorce divorce per 1,000 children under 18 years

&use the reported numbers were Statistics on children involved in of age was 16.8 in 1990, the same as for

incomplete. divorce are important because of the 1989, but 10 pereemtlower than the peak

The numbers and rates of divorce impact divorce can have on their rate in 1981 (18.7). In 1989 and 1990,

discussed above are from counts of physical, emotional, and economic well- just over half of divorcing couples had

divorces from every State and the District being (3). Vital statistics data contain children under 18 years of age at the time

of Columbia. The National Center for information on the number and rate of of their divorce, while 47 percent were

Health Statistics (NCHS) collects these children involved in divorce each year. childless or had children who were older

counts as well as the statistical informa- The number of children involved in than 18 years of age (table 4). A quarter

tion from the divorce certificates of the divorce increased for the third consecu- of divorcing couples had one child,

31 States and the District of Columbia tive year, to 1,075,000 in 1990, while the 20 percent had two children, and 8 perthat comprise the divorce-registration average number of children per deeree cent had three children or more. There .

area (DRA). The divorces in the DRA was 0.90 (table 3). The number of chil- was wide variation by State in the percent

accounted for 49 percent of all divorces dren involved in divorce varied between of divorcing couples with children,

in 1989 and 1990. Data on the children 1 and 1.2 million during 1972–90 while ranging from 38 percent in the District of

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

0

Numberof childreninvolvedin divorces

.-me

.“

●

●

●

●

● Numberof dtiorces

●

II I I I I I I I I

1950 1955 1s60 le65 1970 1975 1960 1965 Iwo

Figure 1. Estimated number of divorces and (childreninvolved in divorce= United States, 1950-90
Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~3

Columbia to 64 percent in Nebraska in which both spouses were divorcing from yx 1,000 married men 15-19 years of

1990. One reason for this variation is a remarriage, only 29 percent had chil- age to 50.2 for men 2tL24 years and then

differences among States in the number dren upon divorce (data not shown). Part declined precipitously with increasing

of children in married-couple families. of the reason for fewer children in age to 2.1 for married men 65 years of

Data from the 1990 Census show that divorces of remarriages is that these men age and older. For women divorce rates

only 36 percent of married couples in the and women were older than their counter- were at their peak for teenagers aged

District of Columbia had children under parts in first marriages (discussed in the 15–19 years (48.6) and declined with

age 18 compared with 48 percent of mar- Age section) and, therefore, their children increasing age to 1.4 for women 65 years

ried couples in Nebraska (5,6). would be more likely to be over 18 years of age and over. Between 1989 and 1990

The presence of children at divorce of age. The children of couples in remar- divorce rates declined only for teenaged

varied by the marital history of the riages of one or both spouses could be men and women and for men 20-24 years

divorcing couple-fewer remarriages offspring of the present couple or chil- of age. All the rates for the remaining age

than first marriages had children upon dren brought into the marriage by one of groups increased slightly except the rate

divorce. For couples in which both the the spouses. Vital statistics data do not for married women 65 years of age and

husband and wife were divorcing from a make this distinction. over, which remained steady.

first marriage, 61 percent of the couples Almost two-thirds of divorcing men

had children under 18 years of age. For Age and three-fourths of divorcing women

couples in which one spouse was Tables 5-7 show that divorce is more were under 40 years of age (table 6). The

divorcing from a first marriage and the ilequent for married men and women modal group for men was 30-34 yearn of

other from a remarriage, 54 percent of under the age of 40 than for older married age (20.7 percent) while the modal group

those in which the husband was the couples. Divorce rates varied consider- for women was 25-29 years of age

remarrying partner had children upon ably with age and were much higher for (21.8 percent). Since the mid-1970’s the

divorce, while 47 percent of those in younger than older married men and age at divorce for men and women has

which the wife was the remarrying women (table 5 and figure 2). For men, shifted upward as shown by the median

partner had children. For couples in 1990 divorce rates increased from 32.8 and mean ages at decree in table 7. The

ao

50

40

30

20

10

0

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 m-s4

J&

@3inyaars Ovsr

Figurs 2. Aga-spaeific divorca rstas for men and woman: Dhmrea-registration area, 1SS0
median age at decree for men and women

was more than 3 years older in 1990 than

in 1975. The median age of men

divorcing from first marriages increased

from 30.1 years in 1975 to 33.2 years in

1990, while the median age for women

increased from 27.9 to 31.1 years. Over

the same period the median age at

divorce for remarriages also increased but

by a smaller amount than for first

marriages.

One factor that affects the age at

decree is the age at marriage for

divorcing men and women. Tables 8 and

9 show that in the last decade the age at

marriage shifted upward for men and

women. In 1990, 73 percent of divorcing

husbands and 81 percent of divorcing

wives were under 30 years of age at the

time of their marriages, compared with

80 and 87 percent, respectively, in 1980.

Table 9 shows that the median age at

marriage for divorcing husbands and

wives was approximately 2 years older in

1990 (24.9 and 22.6 years, respectively)

than in the 1970’s and rose steadily

throughout the 1980’s. In 1990 the

median age at marriage was approximately 10 years younger for first marriages (23.1 years for men; 21.0 years for

women) than for remarriages (33.7 years

for mew 30.6 years for women) ending in

divorce. The median age at marriage

increased for first marriages and for

remarriages in the 1980’s while maintaining the 10-year differentird. The findings regarding the median age at

marriage for divorcing couples are consistent with recent marriage data, which

show increases in the age at marriage

during the same period (7).

Duration

Most divorces are concentrated

within the first 10 years of marriage as

shown by the data in tables 10 and 11 and

in figure 3. The median duration of marriage for divorcing couples in 1989 and in

1990 was 7.2 years, which is the longest

duration in the 1970-90 period (table 10).

In 1990 the median duration for first

marriages was approximately 8 years for

men and wome% while the median duration for remarriages was more than 2

years shorter (between 5 and 6 years for

men and women). Among remarriages,

third marriages ended about 2 years

sooner than second marriages. First marriages end remarriages lasted longer in

1990 than in 1980, but the increase was

greater for remarriages.

The percent of divorces by duration

of marriage increased rapidly to a peak at

3 years after which it declined sharply

through 10 years and more moderately

thereafter (figure 3). Few divorces

(3.3 percent in 1990) occurred within the

first year of marriage partly due to

requirements by many States that couples

be separated for at least 1 year before

obtaining a divorce (table 11). Approximately 32 percent of divorces in 1990

occurred for couples that had been married 1 to 4 years, while 28 percent

occurred for couples married 5 to 9 years.

Altogether, 63 percent of divorcing

couples had been married less than 10

years. Only 12 percent of divorces were

for couples married 20 years or longer.

There were differences among States

in the timing of divorce as shown by the

percent distribution and the median duration of marriages before divorce. In 1990

the percent of divorces with durations of

less than 1 year ranged from 8.6 in Alabama to 0.6 percent in Virginia. The

median duration of marriage before

divorce was shortest in Alabama, Kentucky, ,and Tennessee (5.8 years) and

longest in Maryland (9.1 years). To some

extent, the variation reflects State differences in divorce laws. In addition to

divorce laws, other possible reasons for

variations among States in the duration of

marriage are differences in the proportions of first and remarriages. As discussed earlier in this report, first

marriages last longer before divorce than

remarriages.

Race

For the 27 States and the District of

Columbia that reported information on

the race of the husband and wife in 1990,

85 percent of divorcing couples were

white, 11 percent were black, and 1 percent were of races other than white or

black (table 12). The remaining 3 percent

of divorces were for interracial couples,

with divorces between a white husband

and “other” wife the most frequent combination.

Studies have found higher rates of

marital dissolution for black than white

couples (8,9). Racial differences in economic circumstances and social networks

have been cited as some of the reasons

for the disparity. In 1990 divorce rates for

black men and women were nearly 30

and 20 percent higher, respectively, than

for white men and women and almost

iwice those of men and women of

“other” races (table 13). The divorce rate

10

8

.5

36 .

g

5

E

~4

d!

2

0

-

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Duration in yeara

Figure 3. Percent dlatribution of divorces by duration of marriagw Dlvorca-regkw’auon

area, 1990
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~5

for black men was 24.6 per 1,000 compared with 19.1 for white men and 12.7

for men of “other” races. The divorce

rates for women by race were either

identical or very similar to those of the

men—22.8 for black women, 19.1 for

white women, and 13.1 for women of

“other” races.

The pattern in divorce rates by age

differed between races. For white men

and women and those of “other” races,

divorce rates in 1990 were at their peak

for the youngest age group, 15-24 years

of age, and then they declined steadily

with increasing age. For black men and

women, the divorce rate peaked later, at

25-29 years of age, and declined thereafter. This delayed peak reflects the fact

that black men and women are older at

the time of marriage (tabular data not

shown) and take longer to divorce than

white men and women (as discussed later

in this report). Divorce rates for all age

groups except 15-24 years were higher

for black men and women than for their

white and “other” counterparts.

Tables 14-16 present data by race of

the husband and wife on the mean age at

time of decree, mean duration of marriage, and average number of children per

decree. In 1990 black men and women

were approximately a year older at the

time of their divorce than white men and

women and those of “other” races

(table 14). Within racial groups the pattern in the relative ages differed

depending on the race of the spouse. In

general black men and women were

younger at divorce when they were married to a white or “other” spouse than

when they were married to a black

spouse. Likewise, husbands of races other

than white and black who were in interracial marriages were also younger at

divorce than their counterparts in samerace marriages. This was also true for

women of “other” races. White husbands

and wives were younger at divorce when

they were married to black spouses, but a

consistent pattern was not evident when

their spouses were of “other” races.

The differences in the relative ages

of husbands and wives according to the

race of their spouses can be partly attributed to differences in the duration of

marriage for these couples. Table 15

shows that in 1990, marriages for black

couples lasted approximately 1 year

longer before divorce (10.3 years) than

marriages for white couples (9.2 years)

and couples of “other” races (9.1 years).

Data from previous years have shown

that black husbands and wives separate

sooner than white husbands and wives,

but take more than twice as long to end

their separations in divorce (10). All combinations of interracial marriages ended

sooner than same-race marriages with

marriages between an “other” husband

and a black wife lasting the shortest

length of time before divorce-5.3 years

on average.

Table 16 shows the average number

of children per decree by race of the

husband and wife. When comparing

same-race couples in 1990, there was

very little difference in the average

number of children ranging from 0.90 to

0.91 for white and black couples to 0.96

for couples of “other” races. Except for

interracial marriages between a white

wife and a black husband, the average

number of children per decree for interracial couples was substantially lower than

for same-race Couple=ranging between

0.74 and 0.79.

Physical custody of children

Starting with 1989 data NCHS began

collecting information on who was

awarded the physical custody of the children at divorce. Data were collected on

the number of children awarded to the

husband, wife, the husband and wife

jointly, or to some person other than the

husband or wife. Fifteen States reported

custody information in 1989; the number

of reporting States increased to 19 in

1990.

Tables 17 and 18 contain similar

information except that the data in

table 17 show the number of divorces

tabulated by person(s) to whom custody

was awarded, while the data in table 18

show the total number of children for

whom custody was determined.

According to the data in table 17, 46 percent of divorces in 1990 had custody

awarded while 54 percent did not. Most

of the divorces in which custody was not

awarded were those in which no children

were involved in the divorce. There were

some cases in which children were

involved in the divorce but custody was

not awarded. An example is a remarriage

for one of the spouses in which the

children are brought in horn the first

marriage. For the 19 States that reported

custody information in 1990, Viginia had

the highest percent of divorces in which

custody was not awarded (72 percent),

while Nebraska had the lowest (39 percent). The variation by State in the pereent of divorces in which custody was not

awarded corresponded somewhat to the

variation in the percent of divorces with

no children present (table 4).

In 1990 the wife was awarded custody of the children ahnost three-fourths

(72 percent) of the time in those divorces

in which custody was awarded. Joint custody was the second most common

arrangement (16 percent) while husbands

were awarded custody in 9 pereent of

these divorces. Divorces in which custody was awarded to someone other than

the husband and/or wife were rare,

accounting for only 1 percent of the

divorces in which custody was awarded.

Divorces in which children of the same

family were given different custody

arrangements (for example, the husband

is awarded custody of some of the children while the wife is awarded custody of

other children) comprised 2 percent of

the total number of divorces in which

custody was awarded. Most States have

divorce laws that state that custody

should be awarded to either or both parents based on the “best interests of the

child.” Some reasons why wives are

awarded custody more often are because

they more often request custody of the

children and also because of strong legal

presumptions and traditions that favor the

mother as the custodial parent, especially

when the children are young (11,12), In

recent years more fathers are taking a

more active role in child are after

divorce mostly through the adoption of

laws that provide for joint custody. Most

States have adopted provisions for joint

custody although the advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement have been

extensively debated (13). Variations by

State in the distribution of custody

arrangements reflect diilerences in State

laws regarding joint custody. Custody

awarded to the mother was the most

common arrangement in every

State—ranging from 45 percent of the

divorces in which custody was awarded

in Montana to 81 percent in Alabama.
6~ Monthly vital StatisticsReport ● VOI. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

The second most common arrangement

varied among States and was either the

father awarded custody or joint custody.

The percent of divorces in which the

father was awarded custody varied

between 5 and 12 percent by State, while

the percent of divorces in which joint

custody was awarded had a much wider

disparity among States, ranging between

4 and 44 percent. Divorces in which a

person other than the husband or wife

was awarded custody and divorces in

which there was a combination of custody arrangements accounted for a small

percent of divorces in all States.

The data in table 18 for children for

whom custody was reported are very

similar to the data in table 17 for divorces

in which custody was awarded. In 1990

the wife was awarded custody of 73 percent of the children for whom custody

was reported; husband and wife jointly,

16 percent; husband, 10 percent; and

someone other than the wife andlor husband, 1 percent. The percent distribution

by type of custody arrangement showed

the greatest variation among States in

cases where custody was awarded to the

wife and where custody was awarded to’

the wife and husband jointly.

Table 19 shows that in 1990 the percent of children awarded to the husband

increased from 9 percent for those husbands 20-24 years of age to 13 percent

for husbands 4549 years of age and then

declined slightly for husbands 50 years of

age or older (11 percent). This probably

reflects the fact that the children of older

husbands are more likely to be older than

the children of younger husbands; and

husbands more often request custody of

older children (14). The percent of children that were awarded jointly peaked for

husbands and wives in age groups from

35 to 44 years.

White and “other” husbands were

more likely to be awarded custody of

children than black husbands (table 20).

There were also more joint custody

awards for white and “other” husbands

and wives. Thus, more than a quarter of

white and “other” husbands (28-31 percent) were awarded the custody of their

children through either sole or joint custody compared with 12 percent of bla{ck

husbands.

In 1990 husbands were more likely

awarded custody of their children when

they were in first marriages rather than in

second, third, or higher-order marriages

(table 21). Joint custody was also more

likely for husbands in first marriages

(16 percent).

References

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Annual summary of births, marriages,

divorces, and deathx United States,

1992. Monthly vital statistics repofi

vol 41 no 13. Hyattsville, Maryland

Public Health Service. 1993.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Births, marriages, divorces, and

deaths for 1993. Monthly vital statistics repo~ VOI42 no 12. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service.

1994.

Amato PR. Life-span adjustment of

children to their parents’ divorce. The

future of children Children and

divorce; vol 4 no 1. Los Altos, California: Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard

Foundation. 1994.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Household

and family characteristics March

1990 and 1989. Current population

reportq series P-20, no 447. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990.

U.S. Bureau of the ‘Census. 1990

Cexisusof population, General population characteriatica: District of

Columbia. CP-1-1O. Washington:

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1992.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1990

Census of population, General population characteristics Nebraska.

CP-1–29. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1992.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final marriage statistics, 1988. Monthly vital statistics

repot, vol 40 no 4, supp. Hyattsville,

Maryland Public Herdth Service.

1991.

London KA. Cohabitation, marriage,

marital dissolution, and remarriage:

United States, 1988. Advance data

from vital and health statistiw, no

194. Hyattsville, Maryland National

Center for Health Statistics. 1990.

Heaton TB, Jacobson CK Race dMerences in changing family demographics in the 1980s. Journal of

Family Issues 15(2):290-308. 1994.

10. National Center for Health Statistics

Wal statistics of the United States,

1988, vol III, marriage and divorce.

(In preparation.)

11. Kelly JB. The detenuination of child

custody. The future of children children and divorw, vol 4 no 1. Los

Altos, Califomiz Center for the

Future of Children, The David and

Lucile Packard Foundation. 1994.

12. Thompson RA, The role of the father

after divorce. The future of children

Children and divor~ VOI4 no 1. Los

Altos, Califomizu Center for the

Future of Children, The David and

Lucile Packard Foundation. 1994.

13. Tibbits-Kleber AL, Howell RJ, Kleber

DJ. Joint custody: A comprehensive

review. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law

15(1)2743. 1987.

14. Weitzman LJ. The divorce revolution.

The unexpected social and economic

consequences for women and children

in America. New York The Free

Press. 1985.

15. U.S. Bureau of the Census. State

population estimates by age and sex

1980 to 1992. Current population

reportq series P-25, no 1106. Washington U.S. Department of Commerce. 1993.

16. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates by marital status consistent with U.S. population estimates

by age, sex, race, and Hispauic orighx

1989. Current population repor@

series P-25, no 1057. Washington

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990.

17. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates by marital status consistent with U.S. population estimates

by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origirx

1980 to 1991. Current population

report$ series P-25, no 1095. Washington U.S. Department of Commerce. 1993.

18. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates by single years of age

consistent with State population estimates by age and sex 1980 to 1992.

Current population repofiy series

P-25, no 1106. Washingtorr U.S.

Department of commerce. 1993.

19. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Data tape

consistent with age, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin information from the

1990 Census A comparison of census

results with results where age and race

have been modified. 1990. CPH-L-74.

Washington: U.S. Department of

Commerce. 1991.
List of detailed tables

1. Divorces and annulments and

rate-xunited State.$ 1940-90 . . .

2. Number and rate of divorcks

and annulments: United States,

each region, division, and

State, 1980, 1989, and 1990..

3. Estimated number of children

involved in divorces and

annulments, average number of

children per decree, and rate

per 1,000 children under 18

years of agti United States,

195&90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Number of divorces and amudments and percent distributiorL

by number of children involved

under 18 years of agtx Divorceregistration area and each registrationState, 1989 and 1990 . . .

5. Number of divorces and annulments by age of men and

women at time of decree,

199(J and rates by age of men

and women at time of decree,

1970, 1980, and 1984-90:

Divorce-registration area. . . . .

6. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of

decree: Divorce-registration

area, 1970 and 1980-90 . . . . .

7. Median and mean age of husband

and wife at time of decree by

number of thismarria~ Divorceregistrationq 1970-90. . . . . .

8. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of this

marriage: Divorce-registration

area, 1970 and 1980-90 . . . . .

9. Median and mean age of husband

and wife at time of this maniage

by number of marriagcxDivome9 registrationare% 1970-90 . . . . .

10. Median and mean duration of

marriage at time of decree by

number of this marriage of

10 husband and wife Divorceregistration area, 1970-90 . . . .

11. Percent distribution of divorces

and annulments by duration of

marriage to decree and median

and mean duration of marriage

to decree Divorce-registration

12 area and each registration

State, 1989 and 1990 . . . . . . . .

12. Divorces and annulments by

race of wife and husband: Total

of 27 reporting States and the

District of Columbi~ 1989 and

13 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13. Divorces and annulments and

rates, by age and race of husband and wife Total of 27

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1990 . . . . . .

14. Mean age of husband and tie

14 at time of decree by race of

husband and wife: Total of 27

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1989 and

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 15. Mean duration of marriage at

time of decree by race of husband and wife: Total of 27

reporting States and the Dis16 trict of Columbia, 1989 and

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16. Average number of children

per decree by race of husband

and wife Total of 27 reporting

17 States and the District of

Columbia, 1989 and 1990 . . . .

17. Divorces by whether and to

18 whom custody was awarded

Each of 15 reporting States in

1989 and each of 19 reporting

States in 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18. Number and percent distribu19 tion of children under 18 years

of age for whom custody was

reported, by person(s) awarded

custody: Each of 15 reporting

States in 1989 and each of 19

reporting States in 1990 . . . . .

19. Number and percent distnbu20 tion of children under 18 years

of age for whom custody was

reporte~ by person(s) awarded

custody, according to age of

husband and wife at time of

21 decree: Total of 15 reporting

States in 1989 and total of 19

reporting States in 1990 . . . . .

20. N&nber and percent distribution of children under 18 years

22 of age for whom custody was

reported, by person(s) awarded

custody, according to race of

husband and wife Totrd of 13

reporting States in 1989 and

total of 17 reporting States in

23 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21, Number and percent distribution of children under 18 years

of age for whom custody was

reported, by person(s) awarded

custody, according to number

23 of this marriage of husband

and wife: Total of 15 reporting

States in 1989 and total of 19

reporting States in 1990 . . . . .

23

24

2s

27

28

29
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~9

Table 1. Divorces and annulments and ratea: United States, 1S40-90

[Data refer only to events assuming within the United States. Alaska included beginning with 1959, and Hawaii, beginnimg with 1960. Rates per 1,000 population

enumerated ae of April 1 for 1340, 1950, 1980, 1970, and 1960 and estimated es of July 1 for all other years]

Rate per 1,OOO—

Divorces Mrried

Y6ar

and Totaf woman 15

annulments population 1 years and over

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1869 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1835 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1847 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1946 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1645 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1843 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1942 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1840 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,162,000

1,157,000

1,167,000

1,168,000

1,176,000

1,190,000

1,169,000

1,158,000

1,170,000

1,213,000

1,188,000

1,161,000

1,130,000

1,Oel ,Ooo

1,063,000

1,038,000

977,000

915,000

845,000

773,000

706,000

639,000

564,000

523,000

439,00Q

479,000

450,000

426,000

413,000

414,000

393,000

395,000

366,0WI

361,000

332,0Q0

377,000

379,000

390,000

392,000

361,000

385,QO0

397,000

403,m

463,0Q0

610,000

435,000

400,000

359,000

321,000

293,000

264,0&J

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.4

4.3

3.5

2.9

26

2.4

2.2

2.0

20.9

20.4

20.7

20.6

21.2

21.7

21.5

21.3

21.7

22.6

22.6

22.6

21.9

21.1

21.1

20.3

19.3

18.2

17.0

15.6

14.9

13.4

12.5

11.2

10.9

10.6

10.0

9.6

9.4

9.6

9.2

9.3

6.9

9.2

9.4

9.3

9.5

9.9

10.1

9.9

10.3

10.6

11.2

13.6

17.9

14.4

12.0

11.0

10.1

9.4

8.8

lRs.tWforlg61+ Srarevisedencjmy dlffiwfmmreteewbllshed previously.3ea_&hnii IWtSS.
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~

Table 2. Number and rate of divorces and ermulmenW United states, each region, division, and State, 1980, 1989, and 1SS0

[Data are taunts of decrees grantad supplied by States. Figures for the divorca-ragiatration States dfier from those based on sample data shown in fable 4. Rates par

1,000 population in each area enumerated as of April 1 for 1980 and estimated se of July 1 for all other years]

Number Rate

Region, division, and State 1990 1989 1980 199(3 1989 1980

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regions

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest

South ..:::::::::::::::::::: :

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nottheast

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest “

East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Norfh Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

south

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Soulh Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England:

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut. ., . . . .. c . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jereey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East Norlh Central:

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West North Central:

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,.

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norlh Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Centrak

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouthCentrak

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . ..c. . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

11,182,000

169,000

274,000

1470,000

269,000

44,039

125,367

2197,347

76,266

227,039

91,506

2146,007

?9,425

179,664

5,176

4,933

2,491

16,258

3,764

11,427

56,263

27,113

39,971

53,504

239,67t

45,977

40,566

17,727

15,595

10,913

25,701

2,320

2,651

6,4S6

12,560

2,966

16,607

2,291

27,307

9,775

34,039

16,182

36,657

20,897

32,198

25,676

12,735

16,655

21 2,5%

24,977

93,850

11,157,000

171,000

282,000

1467,JO0

267,000

45,715

125,002

2187,709

74,778

218,540

90,265

2143,093

276,1&32

2182,036

5,702

5,011

2,523

16,819

3,626

12,034

60,570

26,059

38,373

46,627

235,010

46,066

40,276

17,730

15,675

10,507

25,139

2,228

2,624

6,306

12,2e6

2,686

16,321

2,761

25,608

9,154

32,272

15,115

34,556

79,665

20,386

31,939

24,965

12,S45

16,667

2s,922

23,050

93,434

1,189,000

174,000

282,000

449,000

274,000

49,049

124,690

212,405

79,625

206,344

267,528

2155,025

66,066

187,91XI

6,205

5,254

2,623

17,673

3,606

13,466

61,972

27,786

34,922

68,603

340,006

50,997

45,047

17,546

415,371

11,854

27,595

2,142

2,611

6,442

13,410

2,313

17,494

4,662

23,615

10,273

26,050

13,585

34,743

71,579

216,731

30,206

26,745

13,846

215,682

218,1 (J6

24,226

96.609

4.7

3.3

4.6

15.5

5.1

3.3

3.3

24.7

4.3

5.2

6.0

*

%.5

4.6

4.2

4.5

4.4

2.7

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.5

3.4

4.9

27,1

4.0

4.4

3.6

3.6

3.9

5.0

3.6

3.8

4.1

5.1

4.5

3.5

3.8

4.4

5.4

5.1

4.6

5.7

6.2

5.7

8.6

6.3

4.9

7.1

*

7.9.

5.5

4.7

3.4

4.4

15.4

5.1

3.5

3.3

24.5

4.2

5.1

6.0

*

%3

24.7

4.7

4.5

4.5

2.8

3.6

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.2

~

4.0

4.4

3.7

3.6

3.8

4.9

3.5

3.6

4.0

5.0

4.4

3.5

4.4

4.2

5.1

4.9

4.4

5.4

6.3

5.5

6.6

6.2

5.0

7.1

‘h

7.3

5.6

5.2

3.5

5.0

6.0

6.3

4.0

3.4

5.1

4.6

5.6

26.0

26.5

7.6

5.9

5.5

5.7

5.1

3.1

3.6

4.3

3.5

3.8

2.9

5.4

S7.3

4.5

4.9

3.7

43.8

4.1

5.6

3.3

4.1

4.1

5.7

3.9

4!1

7.3

4.4

5.3

4.6

4.4

6.4

7.3

24.6

6.6

6.9

5.5

26.9

24.3

8.0

6.8
Table 2. Number and rete of divorces and annulment: United States, eaoh region, division, and State, 1980, 1969, and 1990-Con.

[Deta are counts of decrees grantad supplied by 3tataa. Fgures for the dworca-rwgietretion 8tataa dfiar from those baaed on sample data shown in table 4. Rates par

1,000 population in each area enumerated as of April 1 for 1860 and estimated es of July 1 for all other yeem]

Number Rata

Region, division, and State 19W 1969 1660 1890 1968 1980

Mountain

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Naw Mexioo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Padfi~

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oeliimia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,049

6,446

3,132

16,665

38,327

25,088

8,950

13,095

26,757

15,734

127,044

3,170

5,179

4,112

6,275

3,034

18,686

2&81 7

23,153

6,119

13,203

26,690

15,078

2S131 ,025

3,429

5,613

4,940

6,586

4,003

18,571

10,426

19,806

7,602

13,642

28,642

17,762

133,541

3,517

4,433

5.1

6.4

6.9

S

6.8

5.2

10.8

5.9

5.5

4.3

5.7

4.6

5.1

6.3

6.6

~

6,4

4.8

11.6

5.7

5.4

2,54.5

6.3

5.1

6.3

7.0

8.5

6.4

8.0

7.3

5.3

17.3

6.9

6.7

5.6

8.8

4.6

l~re IIWWSS eetimsteq sw T@MiiIM IIO@S.

2M SM kIOX)p13tq see Technical notes.

%me COUrrijeSreported divorce ptitionsllld WIW W d~ 9-.

bta am estimated.

%wtudee appfoximetely 1,000 legal sepatirms.
12~ Monthly Vital Statlstlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 3. Estimated number of children involved in divorces and annulments, average number of children par decree, and rata per l,0fJ6

children under 18 yeara of age: United States, 1950-99

[Data refer to children under 18 years of age end only to events ocourring within the United 3tates. Beginning in 1860, estimated from frequencies based on sample

da@ for 1950-59, estimated from total counts. For estimating method, see Tachniosl notes. Population enumerated as of April 1 for 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980 and

estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Year

Esfimated

number of

children

involved

Averagp

number of

children

per decree

Rate par

1,000 children

under 18

years of age

1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196s .,...............,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1951, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,075,000

1,063,000

1,044,00a

1,038,000

1,064,000

1,081,000

1,061,000

1,091,000

1,108,000

1,180,000

1,174,000

1,181,000

1,147,000

1,095,000

1,117,000

1,123,000

1,089,000

1,079,000

1,021,000

946,000

870,000

640,000

784,000

701,000

669,000

630,000

613,000

562,000

532,000

516,000

463,000

468,000

398,000

379,000

361,000

347,000

341,000

330,000

318,000

304,000

289,000

0.90

0.91

0.89

0.89

0.90

0.92

0.92

0.94

0.94

0.97

0.96

1.00

1.01

1.00

1.03

1.08

1.12

1.17

1.20

1.22

1.22

1.31

1.34

1.34

1.34

1.32

1.36

1.31

1.29

1.25

1.18

1.16

1.08

0.99

0.95

0.92

0.90

0.85

0.81

0.80

0.78

16.0

18.0

16.4

16.3

16.()

17.3

17.2

17.4

17.6

18.7

17.3

18.4

17.7

16:~

16.!3

16.7

16.2

15;7

14:7

13.6

12.5

11.9

11.1

943

9.!5

8.9

6;7

8.;2

7.9

7.8

7.2

7.5

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.3
Monthly Vital Statistics Repori ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~13

Table4. Numbar of divoroas and annulmanta and peroant dlatribution, by numbw of ohildran Involvad undar 18 yaam of agw Divoroaragiatrationaraa and each registration State, 1989 and 1890

[Sasedon sampledata]

Number of tiiidten involved under 18yesrsof age

M divorcas

*a and year

4or

and annulments T& None i 2 3 more

1890

Diiroe-regiatr~”on area . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Distriotof Oolumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989

Divorce-ragietrationama. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DiatrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qaorgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meesechusatts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire ., ..,.., ., .,..., ,,

NswYorl(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SouthCarolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wismnsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

560,111

25,770

3,161

10,330

3,034

2,490

36,240

5,179

6,456

45,880

10,914

12,570

20,750

16,565

16,260

40,640

25,665

4,049

6,S30

4,955

58,160

53,500

15,755

40,120

3,754

16,160

2,654

32,110

6,850

2,491

27,275

17,760

3,132

568,U1

25,065

3,419

11,852

2,686

1,642

35,160

5,613

6,266

45,670

10,510

12,284

20,305

16,316

16,645

40,270

25,135

4,103

6,344

5,023

60,600

48,680

15,086

38,380

3,626

15,120

2,627

31,660

6,114

2,523

25,780

17,735

3,034

Peroentdiabibutiin

100.0

10CLO

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1OQ.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

lW.O

100.0

lm.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

47.0

46.9

50.9

50.5

47.5

620

47.8

47.7

45.2

45.5

41.1

U.6

49.0

53.9

45.3

46.3

45.6

U.7

36.4

40.6

52.5

46.4

48.2

43.2

42.7

46.7

40.3

50.1

36.6

426

51.3

39.4

43.2

46.8

4s.2

47.6

50.9

47.0

63.0

49.6

44.6

44.6

45.4

39.1

44.5

50.3

53.2

45.5

U.1

46.0

z

42.3

52.9

45.4

47.6

42.7

40.5

46.6

41.5

50.1

37.8

39.8

50.7

37.6

42.0

25.1

26.3

22.0

23.9

25.2

223

26.6

23.3

227

24.7

24.3

23.6

25.9

25.3

25.2

22.7

25.9

28.6

24.7

25.9

24.3

25.1

22.5

27.6

27.7

27.6

24.6

27.1

21.6

23.8

26.1

24.6

23.1

25.2

26.7

24.5

23.9

26.9

22.0

26.1

25.1

22.6

25.0

24.4

23.1

2S.6

25.9

25.5

24.4

24.3

22.4

25.3

26.4

227

25.4

21.7

26.9

26.1

28.4

24.4

26.9

224

25.3

26.7

25.6

23.2

20.0

17.8

19.1

19.2

19.9

11.8

19.5

20.2

20.4

20.9

23.7

21.9

19.0

15.8

21.4

21.8

20.3

21.5

25.1

24.4

17.1

20.6

20.4

21.3

22.0

19.1

23.6

17.5

21.4

25.0

17.6

25.0

22.6

19.9

16.4

19.2

18.7

19.0

11.1

17.7

20.9

21.5

20.4

25.3

224

16.6

16.2

21.1

21.4

19.7

225

24.7

23.0

16.9

21.0

21.5

225

24.6

19.0

23.1

17.6

21.0

26.2

17.0

25.6

24.3

6.1

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.7

2.7

4.6

6.4

7.9

7.1

8.6

7.5

5.0

4.1

6.6

6.7

6.2

7.7

10.9

7.2

4.9

6.4

6.2

6.4

6.2

5.2

8.3

4.6

11.6

6.4

4.2

8.7

8.2

6.2

5.2

6.2

5.3

5.7

2.7

5.2

6.4

7.5

7.0

9.0

7.5

4.9

4.0

5.8

7.3

6,3

7.7

9.9

6.6

5.6

6.3

6.7

6.3

6.6

4.9

6.2

4.2

10.6

6.6

4.6

8.7

7.6

1.8

1.7

2.5

1.2

1.7

1.2

1.3

2.4

3.8

1.8

2.2

2.3

1.1

0.9

1.5

2.4

1.6

2.5

2.9

1.9

1.2

1.5

2.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

3.0

0.8

8.6

2.2

0.9

2.3

2.7

1.9

1.5

2.5

1.2

1.3

*

1.4

2.9

3.8

2.1

2.3

2.4

1.6

0.6

2.2

3.0

1.7

2.5

3.1

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.5

1.6

2.2

1.1

2.8

1.1

6.3

2.1

1.0

2.5

2.9
14~ Monthly Wtal Statlmlcs Re~tio Vol. ~, No.9(S)o March ~,lW5 ~

Table 5. Number of dhrorcas and annulmantztby aga of man and woman at ha of dscree, l= and rates by age of men and women at

time of dacras, 1970, 1980, and 1964-W Dlvtorca-raglstratlonaras

~~nningin 19S9 mtesexcl.dedatafOr OMOand SOti Dakota. Rat~Wrl,~mddWp.ltin ins@d*rOupen.metid ~.f*til t f0r1970ancl19&3

ad on sample data. Before calculation of ratea, figures for age not stated ware distributed. 8afora 1988, rates exclude data for Michigan, Ohio, and 6outh Dakotq

and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of men and

Number Rata

women at time of deorea 1990 15WI 1989 1888 1887 1886 1585 1884 1980 1970

Men

Allagaa . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeafal . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

45+9yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

50-64 years . . . . . . . . . . .

55-69 year3 . . . . . . . . . . .

60-84 years . . . . . . . . . . .

65yeara andover . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . .

Women

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yaaral . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yaara . . . . . . . . . . .

23-29 Yws. . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yaara . . . . . . . . . . .

40+4yaara . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yaara . . . . . . . . . . .

50+4yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yasra . . . . . . . . . . .

60-84 yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

65yasra and over . . . . . . .

Notatatad . . . . . . . . . . . .

580,111

2,183

41,952

100,607

111,292

84,481

75,535

47,805

27,36Q

16,062

9,623

9,598

43,384

580,111

8,316

69,340

116,488

111,421

36,85S

8’6,310

36,852

18,330

9,235

5,670

5,151

46,082

19.2

32.8

50.2

39.3

3Y.9

25.9

2“1.9

17.3

12.0

7.8

4.7

2.1

. . .

16.7

48.6

46.0

36.6

27.9

23.1

19.3

13.8

8.2

4.8

2.9

1.4

. . .

18.7

34.7

51.1

37.9

30.5

25.8

21.7

16.9

11.5

7.2

4.5

2.0

. . .

18.4

52.0

44.8

35.6

27.7

22.6

19.1

12.9

7.8

4.7

2.7

1.4

. . .

18.9

37.5

55.9

38.9

30.2

26.1

21.3

17.0

11.4

7.0

4.5

1.9

. . .

18.5

56.3

46.3

35.6

26.7

223

19.0

13.0

7.6

4.7

2.8

1.5

. . .

16.8

37.8

52.2

37.6

30.4

26.0

21.4

17.1

11.0

6.5

4.3

2.0

. . .

18.6

49.5

48.0

33.9

27.2

23.1

18.7

13.1

7.5

4.5

2.7

1.5

. . .

19.0

41.2

49.5

38.2

30.8

25.4

22.2

17.2

10.8

6.4

4.2

2.0

. . .

16.6

51.4

46.2

34.8

27.7

23.0

18.8

12.6

7.6

4.2

2.8

1.5

. . .

19.4

40.0

49.9

33.4

30.4

26.3

23.2

16.7

11.1

6.6

4.1

2.1

. . .

19.2

48.4

48.8

35.6

28.6

23.4

19.6

12.6

7.4

4.2

2.7

1.6

. . .

19.2

42.9

48.2

37.6

31.7

27.1

22.0

16.1

10.7

6.4

4.0

1.9

. . .

18.8

45.5

44.4

35.0

28.1

23.5

18.5

11.8

7.4

4.3

2.7

1.4

. . .

19.8

29.3

48.9

41.4

33.8

28.8

21.0

14.5

9.5

5.6

3.7

1.9

. . .

19.5

42.4

47.2

37.6

29.2

23.3

16.7

10.8

6.6

3.9

2.7

1.4

.<.

14.2

15.1

33.6

30.0

22.3

17.9

13.8

10.7

7.6

5.1

3.4

1.9

. . .

14.0

26.9

33.3

25.7

16.9

14.6

11.9

8.5

5.6

3.5

23

1.3

. . .

1Inoludes dworcas of pmsons under 15 ysars of age.

c
Monthly vital Statistics Repott ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~15

Table 6. Petcent dktributlon of divorces and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of dearew Divorce-regktration area, 1970

and 196040

@seal on sample data]

Age of husband and

mYa at time of decree 19W 1969 1988 1987 1966 1985 1984 1963 1962 1961 1980 1970

Husband

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-28 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wie

Ailagea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-69years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85yesraand over . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

0.4

7.8

18.8

20.7

17.8

14.1

8.9

5.1

3.0

1.8

1.8

100.0

1.6

13.0

21.8

20.9

16.3

12.4

6.9

3.4

1.7

1.1

1.0

100.0

0.4

8.2

18.9

21.2

17.5

13.7

8.6

5.0

3.0

1.8

1.8

100.0

1.6

13.3

22.4

21.1

16.2

11.8

6.6

3.3

1.8

1.0

0.9

100.0

0.4

8.7

19.8

20.8

17.2

13.3

8.4

4.9

2.9

1.8

1.7

100.0

1.7

14.4

22.6

20.4

15.8

11.4

6.5

3.3

1.8

1.1

1.0

100.0

0.4

9.0

20.2

20.8

17.3

13.0

8.1

4.8

2.9

1.8

1.7

100.0

1.7

15.0

22.6

20.3

16.1

11.0

6.2

3.2

1.9

1.1

0.9

100.0

0.5

9.7

20.6

20.6

17.6

12.1

7.8

4.8

2.9

1.7

1.7

100.0

2.0

16.3

22.8

19.8

16.2

10.1

5.8

3.2

1.8

1.1

0.9

Percantdistribution

100.0

0.5

10.3

21.0

20.6

17.2

12.0

7.4

4.8

3.0

1.6

1.7

100.0

2.1

16.8

23.1

19.9

15.5

10.2

5.6

3.1

1.8

1.1

0.9

100.0

0.5

10.6

20.9

20.7

17.1

11.8

7.4

4.7

3.0

1.7

1.6

100.0

2.2

17.3

23.1

19.7

15.4

9.8

5.5

3.2

1.9

1.0

0.8

100.0

0.6

11.0

21.3

21.0

16.6

11.5

7.2

4.8

2.9

1.7

1.5

100.0

2.5

17.4

23.6

19.5

15.0

9.5

5.5

3.2

1.9

1.0

0.9

100.0

0.6

11.7

22.0

21.3

16.3

10.7

6.9

4.6

2.8

1.5

i .5

100.0

2.7

18.6

24.1

19.9

14.2

8.8

5.1

3.1

1.8

1.0

0.8

100.0

0.7

12.5

22.8

22.1

15.1

10.0

6.7

4.6

2.7

1.5

1.4

10U.O

2.9

19.5

24.8

20.2

13.1

6.2

4.9

3.1

1.8

0.9

0.8

100.0

0.6

13.5

23.4

21.4

14.6

9.8

6.5

4.4

2.7

1.4

1.4

100.0

3.4

20.8

24.6

19.4

12.8

7.7

4.8

3.1

1.7

0.9

0.8

100.0

0.8

16.3

22.8

16.2

12.6

10.7

8.3

5.4

3.2

1.8

1.7

lW.O

4.1

24.9

21.8

14.4

11.0

9.4

6.8

3.8

2.0

1.0

0.8
16~ Monthly Wtal Statl@ics Reptio Vol. ~, No.9(S) oMarch22, lW5 ~.

Table 7. Median and mean age of husband and wife at time of deorea by numbar of this marriagtx Dhrorce-ragiatration araa, 1970-90

[6asedon sample data. Means and medians computed on data by single years of age]

Number of marriage of husband Number of marriage of wife

Remarriage Rarnsrr@p

Thitd Number of lhird Number of

l%st second marriage mam”age

Year

I%@ Seoond martfsge

Total merriaga Total 1

mamhge

marriage or more not statad Total marriaue Total 1 mam”aae or more not statad

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.6

35.4

35.1

34.9

34.6

34.4

34.3

34.0

33.6

33.1

32.7

32.5

32.0

324

32.3

32.2

32.2

32.4

32.6

32.9

32.9

37.3

37.2

36.9

36.6

36.5

36.4

36.2

36.1

35.7

35.4

35.1

35.0

34.8

35.1

35.1

35.0

35.1

35.3

35.4

35.6

35.6

33.2

32.9

32.7

32.6

32.4

32.2

32.2

32.1

31.7

31.4

31.0

30.8

30.5

30.5

30.2

30.1

30.2

30.4

30.4

30.5

30.5

35.0

34.6

34.7

34.6

34.4

34.3

34.2

34.1

33.7

33.4

33.2

33.1

32.9

33.0

32.9

32.8

32.9

33.1

33.2

33.2

33.2

41.5

41.2

40.0

40.4

40.0

39.8

39.6

39.3

39.1

38.5

36.3

38.4

36.2

39.3

39.6

39.9

40.3

40.8

40.9

41.5

41.5

43.1

42.9

42.5

42.3

42.1

41.9

41.6

41.4

41.3

40.9

40.6

40.7

40.5

41.4

41.7

41.7

42.1

42.4

42.4

42.7

42.8

40.4

40.2

39.7

38.5

39.2

36.6

38.5

38.3

38.0

37.4

37.3

37.3

38.9

33.0

36.2

36.3

36.7

39.3

39.4

40,0

39.9

41.9

41.6

41.5

41.3

41.0

41.0

40.7

40.5

40.3

39.6

39.6

39.7

39.5

40.4

40.4

40.4

40.9

41.1

41.1

41.4

41.4

44.9

44.3

44.1

43.7

43.5

43.0

42.7

42.6

42.4

42.4

41.9

42.4

41.1

43.8

44.3

44.9

45.0

46.6

45.6

46.3

45.5

46.5

46.1

45.6

45.6

45.2

44.9

44.6

44.6

44.6

44.5

43.7

44.2

43.8

45.3

45.6

45.8

46.1

46.4

46.4

46.8

47.1

Median age in yeara

35.1 33.2

36.6 32.9

35.3 32.6

35.1 32.5

34.9 32.1

34.5 31.9

34.4 31.7

34.1 31.5

33.7 31.1

33.4 30.6

32.8 30.3

32.5 30.1

32.5 29.7

32.5 26.9

31.9 29.7

32.8 28.5

32.0 28.5

31.7 29.7

32.4 28.6

32.8 28.8

33.1 28.6

Mean age in yeara

37.2 34.8

37.4 34.6

37.0 34.4

37.2 34.2

36.6 33.9

36.4 33.7

36.4 33.6

36.1 33.5

35.8 33.1

35.8 32.7

35.3 32.4

35.4 32.3

35.0 32.1

35.1 32.4

34.6 32.3

35.6 32.3

35.1 32.3

34.9 32.5

35.3 32.6

35.2 32.7

35.4 32.7

31.1

30.9

30.6

30.5

30.2

30.0

30.0

28.8

26.5

28.1

28.8

28.6

28.3

28.2

26.1

27.9

27.7

27.8

27.9

27.7

27.7

32.9

32.7

32.5

32.4

32.2

32.0

31.9

31.8

31.4

31.1

30.8

30.7

30.5

30.5

30.4

30.3

30.3

30.4

30.5

30.4

30.4

36.2

37.7

37.5

37.3

37.0

36.8

36.4

36.3

35.8

35.3

35.2

35.3

35.1

35.7

36.2

36.4

36.7

37.3

37.7

37.9

38.2

39.5

39.2

39.0

38.8

36.6

36.5

38.2

38.1

37.9

37.6

37.4

37.4

37.2

38.1

38.3

38.5

38.8

39.1

39.3

39,4

39.3

37.3

38.8

38.6

36.4

36.1

36.0

35.7

35.5

35.0

34.5

34.3

34.4

33.9

34.6

34.9

35.1

35.4

38.0

36.2

36.5

36.5

36.6

38.3

36.2

36.0

37.e

37.7

37.5

37.2

37.0

36.7

36.5

36.6

36.2

37.2

37.1

37.4

37.6

33.0

36.0

38.2

38.1

40.6

40.2

40.1

39.8

39.4

39.1

38.5

38.9

38.6

36.5

33.3

38.5

33.7

40.1

40.8

40.8

41.3

42.0

42.6

42.2

42.8

41.9

41.6

41.5

41.4

41.1

41.2

40.5

41.0

40.7

40.5

40.4

40.5

40.5

41.6

42.2

42.1

42.6

42.7

43.4

43.0

43.4

32.8

33.1

32.+

32.6

32.2

31.8

31.5

31.3

30.9

30.6

30.1

29.9

29.7

29.9

28.2

29.7

29.2

28.7

28.6

28.6

29.3

34.7

34.7

34.3

34.4

33.6

33.6

33.6

33.1

32.9

32.7

32.3

32.5

32.1

32.2

31.8

32.5

32.1

31.6

32.4

32.3

32.2

1Includesremarried,numbernotstated.
Monthly vital Statlstlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~17

Table 8. Peroant distribution of divoroaa and annulments by age of husband and wife at time of MS marriage: Dlvoroa-regiatratlon area,

1970 and 1960-90

[6SSEKI on sample data]

Age of husband and wh%

at time of this marriage 1980 1988 1988 1987 1966 1985 1664 1963 1SS2 1961 1980 1970

Husband

Allagas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-23 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45yeara And over . . . . . . . . . .

Wtie

Allagea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . .

2G24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45yearaand over . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 100.0 100.0

11.7 12.1 12.4

36.8 38.3 40.2

22.3 22.0 21.8

11.6 11.1 10.8

6.5 6.5 8,2

3.9 3.8 3.7

5.2 5.3 5.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

27.6 28.5 28.6

36.6 36.3 36.5

16.4 16.6 15.9

8.5 8.3 8.1

5.1 4.8 4.6

2.7 2.7 2.5

3.0 2.9 2.9

030.0

12.8

40.5

21.3

10.6

6.3

3.5

5.0

100.0

30.4

36.5

15.4

7.9

4.5

2.4

3.0

Percent distribution

Iwo 100.0 100.0

13.7 14.2 14.9

40.8 41.4 41.9

21.0 20.5 20.1

10.4 10.3 9.7

5.8 5.5 5.4

3.5 3.4 3.1

4.9 4.8 4.9

100.0 100.0

31.7 32.8

36.4 36.7

14.8 14.4

7.6 7.2

4.4 4.0

2.3 2.3

2.9 2.9

100.0

34.0

36.4

13.8

6.8

4.0

2.1

2.9

lCKLO 100.0 100.0 100.0

15.4 16.1 17.0 18.0

42.5 43.0 44.0 44.0

19.7 19.3 18.7 18.4

9.3 9.0 8.6 8.1

5.1 5.0 4.6 4.5

3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8

4.7 4.7 4.5 4.2

100.0

18.3

43.8

16.4

7.6

4.6

3.2

5.2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

35.1 36.6 38.3 39.9 46.1

36.3 36.2 35.9 35.5 30.3

13.3 127 12.1 11.4 9.5

6.7 6.2 5.8 5.6 4.8

3.7 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.4

2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.3

29 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.5
Table 9. Median and mean age of husband and wife at time of this marriage by number of marriagw Divorce-registration aree, 1970-90

[8ased on sample data. Medians and means mmpu2ed on data by single yeara of age]’

Number of marriage of husband Number of marriage of wife

Remarriage Remamkge

Third Number of

Rrst

Third Number of

Saoond mam”age marriage first .

Year

Second

Total Total 1

mamage marriage

mam”age marriage or more not statad Total marriage Total 1 mamkge or more not stated

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1

1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5

f988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1973 . . . . . ...!.... 25.9

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1

23.1

23.0

22.8

22.8

22.7

22.8

22.5

22.4

22.3

22.1

22.0

22.0

21.9

21.9

21.9

21.9

21.8

21.8

21.8

21.8

21.8

24.2

24.1

23.9

23.9

23.8

23.7

23.5

23.4

23.3

23.1

23.0

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.9

22.8

22.6

22.9

22.9

23.0

33.7

33.8

33.4

33.4

33.2

32.9

32.7

32.5

32.4

32.0

31.6

31.7

31.5

32.1

32.5

32.1

32.8

32.8

32.7

33.0

33.0

35.8

35.7

35.5

3s5

35.4

35.3

36.1

34.9

35.0

34.8

34.4

34.5

34.2

34.9

35.2

35.0

35.4

35.5

35.3

35.8

35.7

32.0

31.9

31.8

31.8

31.6

31.4

31.3

31.1

31.0

30.6

30.4

30.4

30.1

30.6

30.7

30.5

30.6

31.0

30.8

31.1

31.1

34.1

34.1

34.0

34.0

33.9

33.8

33.7

33.5

33.5

33.2

33.0

33.1

32.8

33.5

33.5

33.4

33.7

33.8

33.7

33.8

34.0

39.0

38.7

38.5

38.2

38.0

37.9

37.5

37.7

37.6

37.6

37.1

37.2

37.1

38.1

38.6

38.8

39.1

39.3

39.0

39.8

39.8

40.8

40.5

40.2

40.2

40.0

39.6

39.6

39.5

39.6

39.6

39.0

39.2

39.0

40.0

40.4

40.5

40.9

40.9

40.7

41.3

41.2

Median age in yeare

25.0 2226

24.6 22.5

24.7 22.3

24.6 22.2

24.6 22.0

24.2 21.6

24.2 21.7

24.3 21.5

23.9 21.3

23.7 21.1

23.7 20.9

23.5 20.9

23.2 20.7

23.1 20.7

22.6 20.7

23.1 20.6

23.1 20.6

23.0 20.5

22.9 20.5

22.8 20.5

22.7 20.4

Mean age in yeare

27.8 25.0

27.6 24.9

27.5 24.7

27.6 24.7

27.4 24.4

27.3 24.3

27.4 24.1

27.2 24.0

27.0 23.8

26.9 23.5

26.7 23.3

26.6 23.2

26.1 23.1

26.0 23.3

25.6 23.3

26.2 23.2

25.9 23.2

25.9 23.2

25.8 23.2

25.3 23.2

25.5 23.2

21.0

20.9

20.8

20.7

20.6

20.5

20.4

20.3

20.2

20.0

19.9

19.8

19.7

19.7

19.7

19.7

19.6

19.6

19.5

19.5

19.4

22.0

21.9

21.6

21.7

21.6

21,5

21.3

21.2

21.0

20.9

20.7

20.6

20,5

20.5

20.5

20.4

20.4

20.3

20.3

20.2

20.2

30.6

30.3

30.1

30.2

30.0

29.8

29.6

29.5

29.2

28.9

26.6

28.8

28.5

28.9

28.3

29.1

28.3

29.4

29.5

29.6

29.6

32.4

32.2

32.1

32.1

32.0

31.9

31.8

31.7

31.6

31.4

31.2

31.2

31.0

31.6

31.9

31.8

32.1

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.3

29.1

26.8

28.7

26.7

26.6

28.4

26.3

28.1

28.0

27.7

27.4

27.4

27.1

27.5

27.6

27.4

27.7

27.7

27.7

27.9

27.7

31.0

30.8

30.7

30.7

30.6

30.6

30.5

30.4

30.3

30.1

29.6

29.9

29.6

30.2

30.2

30.3

30.4

30.5

30.5

30.6

30.5

35.3

35.0

34.9

34.9

34.7

34.6

34.0

34.1

34.3

33.9

33.9

34.0

34.1

34.7

35.2

35.3

35.5

36.3

36.8

36.1

36.8

36.5

36.5

36.4

36.5

36.2

36.4

35.7

36.2

36.1

35.9

35.9

35.9

36.0

36.6

37.1

37.0

37.5

37.6

37.9

37.7

36.0

22.6

22.4

22.3

22.2

22.1

21.8

21.6

21.5

21.4

21.2

21.0

20.9

20.6

20.6

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

20<1

19.9

25.2

24.9

24.7

24.8

24.6

24.3

24.6

24.2

24.1

23.9

23.6

23.6

23.1

22.9

22.6

23.0

22.8

22.7

22.6

22.3

22.2

1Includes remaniad, number nOt stated.
Monthly vital Statistics Rsport ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~19

Tabla10. MadIan and maan duration of marriaga at tima of daoraa by numbaf of this manlaga of husband and wlfw Divorowagiatration

was, 19T040

pad onample data]

Numberofmarrfaga of husband Numberof marriageof wirb

Rernsm”age RLWTMW@W

nrlrd Nurnbard Thw

Firat

Numberof

seQmdmarr@91nwsg6

Yw

Seoond marriage

rdatatad = Totell marriage wnwe

rnmriage

TM merriaga T~ll marriage or mom notstated

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1386 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1666 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . ...%..

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W67. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.8

8.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.8

8.7

6.7

6.7

9.8

9.6

9.7

9.6

9.6

9.5

9.5

9.6

9.4

9.3

9.2

9.3

9.1

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.3

9.4

9.5

9.5

9.5

8.1

8.1

8.0

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.3

6.4

8.2

8.1

7.8

7.8

7.5

7.5

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.6

10.9

10.8

10.8

10.8

10.7

10.7

10.8

10.8

10.5

10.4

10.2

10.3

10.1

10.2

10.1

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.3

10.4

10.4

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.8

G

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.9

4.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.6

8.4

8.3

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.5

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.1

7.1

6.3

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.1

7.8

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.0

7.0

6.9

8.7

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.4

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.6

4.9

4.8

5.0

4.9

5.3

5.2

5,4

5.2

5.6

5.8

5.6

5.9

Mediandurationin yeara

6.8 8.3

7.2 8.2

7.0 8.1

7.0 8.0

6.9 7.9

6.5 8.0

6.5 8.2

6.6 8.4

8.6 8.2

8.8 8.0

6.6 7.7

6.6 7.7

6.3 7.5

6.4 7.4

6.1 7.3

6.4 7.2

6.4 7.2

6.3 7.5

6.2 7.4

6.5 7.5

6.5 7.6

Maanduratkminyaars

9.3 11.0

9.7 10.9

9.6 10.9

9.5 10.8

9.4 10.7

9.2 10.7

9.1 10.8

9.1 10.8

9.3 10.5

9.1 10.4

9.2 10.2

9.1 10.2

8.8 10.1

9.0 10.1

8.9 10.1

9.1 10.0

9.3 10.1

9.2 10.3

9.2 10.3

9.4 10.4

9.4 10.4

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.8

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.3

8.3

6.3

6.3

8.3

6.6

6.6

6.8

6.8

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.1

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.s

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.3

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.7

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.8

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.6

5.4

5.5

6.8

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.9

8.8

6.6

6.7

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.4

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.5

9.3

9.7

9.7

9.6

9.5

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.3

9.2

9.2

9.2

9.0

9.1

9.0

0.1

9.4

9.3

9.3

9.4

9.5
20 ~ Monthly Vltsl Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 11. Percent distribution of divorces and annulments by duration of marriage to dearae and median and mean duration of marriage

to decrerx Divorce-registration area and each ragktrstion State, 1989 and 1990

[Easedon sample data]

Leas than 14 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25 years

Area and year ToW 1 year yeara years years years years and over Median Mean

1690

Divorca-registration area . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diatrict of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Masaachusetla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode laland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SoufhCarolina . . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989

Divorca-registrationarea. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connaoticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MaasachusatIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,...

NewHampshir e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,...

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon. .. c. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennasaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percentdiatribufion Years1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1CSI.!3

1GiLo

100.0

1OQ.o

100.0

100.(0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1Omo

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3.3

8.6

5.4

1.4

1.7

0.8

5.8

3.1

7.1

3.3

3.0

6.3

6.7

*

*

2.7

3.8

4.5

2.9

1.1

1.4

3.4

3.0

1.1

0.8

1.6

4.2

6.5

6.2

0.6

0.6

1.2

6.2

3.5

8.6

5.0

1.6

2.0

*

6.6

2.6

6.9

3.6

2.4

6.0

6.2

0.6

0.7

2.9

5.1

5.0

2.2

1.4

1.1

3.6

3.6

1.1

0.7

1.7

4.6

6.7

6.9

●

0.7

1.2

5.7

31.7

35.9

36.4

30.5

32.2

28.5

37.5

35.0

36.1

31.3

30.6

36.5

37.6

21.3

26.4

30.9

35.4

32.5

30.0

30.9

27.9

34.5

32.1

25.1

27.8

30.1

33.7

36.1

36.0

29.8

28.0

28.5

34.8

31 .a

37.5

37.3

30.6

30.0

26.7

37.6

34.4

35.7

31.6

31.9

35.7

37.6

22.0

25.9

30.3

34.8

33.0

31.7

31.0

30.3

33.7

31.6

24.3

26.3

31.0

33.4

36.1

35.1

27.1

26.0

27.4

34.1

28.3

26.2

28.7

27.4

28.9

32.6

27.3

30.1

26.8

28.0

26.7

26.9

24.9

33.2

2s.0

23.2

27.5

27.4

28.5

30.2

31.8

26.1

27.5

28.6

28.6

29.4

27.1

24.7

26.1

23.5

2s.9

28.7

26.1

28.4

24.7

30.0

27.1

30.2

33.2

26.8

30.8

25.8

27.2

27.6

27.7

26.5

33.2

26.9

27.8

26.0

27.5

27.7

31.2

30.4

28.1

28.1

23.6

30.5

28.9

28.2

25.9

27.3

30.7

30.9

30.2

26.6

15.0

12.9

14.3

15.0

15.4

14.6

12.3

14.3

13.7

15.2

15.9

13.5

13.1

18.5

17.0

16.1

14.1

14.5

15.7

15.9

14.4

14.6

16,8

16.6

17.1

15.6

14.2

13.2

13.9

16.1

17.0

16.5

15.1

14.7

12.3

12.6

14.7

16.0

13.6

12.9

13.7

12.9

14.6

16.0

13.7

13.1

18.1

16.7

15,4

13.0

15,3

14.3

14.0

14.2

13.9

16.4

i7.1

15.5

17.0

i3.3

12.8

14,2

16.0

16.8

17.1

13.8

9.2

7.2

7.1

10.0

9.1

9.4

6.6

6.3

8.3

9.4

10.3

7.3

7.6

10.3

11.1

8.9

7.7

9.9

9.4

9<5

9.5

6.7

6.4

11.6

10.0

10.8

10.5

6.1

8.5

10.3

10.1

11.7

8.5

9.5

7.7

7.*

10.4

9.6

9.4

7.2

6.7

9.2

10.6

9,8

7.7

lZ

10.7

10.6

6.3

9.1

10,5

10.5

9.8

9.2

9.5

12.0

9.8

9.6

9.7

7.4

8.0

10.0

9.9

10.4

8.0

6.2

5.1

4.9

7.6

6.3

6.0

4.2

4.7

4.7

6.5

6,8

4.9

4.9

7.6

8.0

6.7

5.7

6.1

6.9

6.7

7.2

6.0

6.6

7.7

6.9

6.8

5.0

4.4

4.9

6.6

6.9

7.0

4.9

6.1

4.5

4.0

8,2

5.8

6.2

4.8

4.8

4.4

5.8

6.6

4.3

4.6

7.1

6.0

6.7

5.3

5.2

7.4

6.0

7.2

6.1

6.6

7.0

6.9

5.9

6.3

4.6

4.5

8.2

7.0

6.8

5.0

6.2

5.3

3.3

6.0

6.4

8.1

4.3

4.5

4.3

6.2

6.7

4.6

5.2

8.4

8.2

6.5

5.8

5.1

6.6

5.6

7.7

4.7

5.4

8.3

7.7

5.8

5.4

4.6

6.2

6.9

7.5

6.3

4.4

6.1

4.7

3.2

7.5

6.4

8.2

4.2

4.9

5.2

6.6

5.7

4.6

4.6

7.7

9.1

6.3

5.4

4.9

6.3

5,6

7.0

5.2

4.9

9.0

7.2

5.9

5.5

4.3

4.2

7.3

6.9

6.8

4.9

7.2

5.6

6.2

7.9

7.4

7.8

5.9

6.6

6.0

7.4

7.6

6.0

5.8

9.1

6.6

7.6

6.7

7.0

7.6

7.7

7.7

6.6

7.4

6.6

8.3

7.8

6.6

5.8

6,2

7.9

6.3

6.4

6.4

7.2

5.6

5.9

7.9

7.7

7.6

5.8

6.7

6.2

7.3

7.5

6.2

6.9

8.9

8.8

7.7

6.5

6.9

7.6

7.4

7.5

6.9

7.4

9.0

7.9

7.6

6.9

5.7

6.2

6.3

6.1

8.3

6.5

9.6

8,5

6.2

10.7

9.9

10.6

8.3

6.9

8.5

9.9

10.2

6.4

8.5

11.6

11.3

10.0

9.2

9.4

10.1

10.0

10.6

9.2

9.7

11.3

10.6

10.2

9.3

8.5

6.6

10.4

10.8

10.6

8.7

9.8

8.3

8.1

10.7

10.0

10.6

8.3

9.0

8.8

10.0

9.9

8.5

8.4

11.3

11.5

10.2

9.1

9.2

10.2

9.9

10.4

9,4

9.5

11.5

10.6

10.0

9.4

8.2

lti

10.6

10.6

8.8

1Medians and masns computed on date by single years of durath.
Table 12. Divorces and annulment by race of wife and husband: Total of 27 raportl~ Stetee and the DIatrlct of Columbia, IBM and

1890

&wd on sample data]

Race of W

All A4?t

Race of husband and year rsoes write Black other stated

1880

Allraoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464,736 333,240 51,060 9,311 21,105

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363,021 376,346 1,668 3,498 1,487

Blac+( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,566 2,880 46,962 342

Other raoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

272

8,374 2,625 262 5,414 73

Notetatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,775 1,279 167 56 19,273

1863

Allraoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457,673 375,831 51,278 9,156 21,307

We. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375,528 %8,572 1,164 3,370

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,422

52,846 2,680 49,636 373

Otherraoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

155

8,464 2,630 365 5,362

Notatatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

20,635 1,049 112 44 19,830

NOTElha27reportlng 2tataawa$aAlabama, Ala$ka,Conmorkur, Dalawarft,r3wgh, Hawali,klahzlllkmis, lowl@nsea,~, Marylmd,Miaausf, MmMans,Nabrasb NawY@

@WW.pW-b ~elSM,60UUI@OUIISi 60MIDSWS,TIXUW.SW, Urah, Varmnt Vlr?Jinia WiKmsin, and Wpning.
22 ~ Monthly Vital Statletics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 13. Divorces and annulments and ratas, by age and race of husband and wlfcxTotal of 27 reporting States and the Distriot of

Columbia, 1990

[Basedon sample date. Before oe!culatlon of rates, figures for race and age not stated were distributed. Rates per 1,000 married population in speoified group enumeratsdasof April 1, 1930]

Men Women

Other Not All

Age at time of decree

Other Not

All rams White Blaok raoes stated races White Blsck raoes stated

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

15-19 yeaml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5+64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

65yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

15-24 yesrsl, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yesra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3rX34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years................,.. . .

40+4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years.....,.........,,., . .

65years andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

464,736

1,922

36,270

65,094

93,504

79,144

63,467

62,724

21,747

8,210

11,647

19.4

44.2

40.0

s~!tl

26.8

2:!.4

1%2

6.2

:!.1

363,021

1,655

32,101

71,597

76,619

S4,505

52,536

53,236

17,799

6,606

6,115

19.1

47.6

40.2

31.6

26.1

22.2

15.1

5.9

1.9

52,566

26

2,167

6,921

11,664

10,22?

7,255

7,311

2,737

1,068

1,157

24.6

23.1

42.4

41.2

34.7

27.6

19.1

9.6

3.9

6,374

7

625

1,467

1,925

1,527

1,140

987

405

177

194

12.7

26.2

24.6

19.6

15.4

12.6

7.7

5.2

2.6

Number

20,775 464,736

41 7,556

1,457 59,266

3,063 66,036

3,276 33,241

2,630 73,189

2,466 55,454

2,168 46,625

806 12,661

381 4,542

4,181 13,944

Rata

.,. 19.3

. . . 47.0

. . . 37.6

. . . 22.5

. . . 24.0

. . . 19.9

. . . 11.6

. . . 3.9

.,. 1.5

363,240

6,916

51,887

61,974

76,327

59,602

46,134

36,615

10,234

3,708

7,843

19.1

49.6

37.8

29.1

23.7

20.0

11.4

3.7

1.4

51,030

266

4,140

10,299

11,523

9,466

6,000

5,498

1,691

600

1,567

22.8

31.9

40.2

35.7

29.9

22.3

14.2

6)2

2.9

9,311

97

940

2,119

2,135

1,600

1,085

663

219

49

204

13.1

25.0

23.3

18.6

14.5

11.2

7.2

2.9

*

21,105

277

2,319

3,646

3,2$6

2,521

2,235

1,649

517

185

4,300

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.,.

. . .

.,.

. . .

. . .

llnd@es divorses of parsons under15 Yearsof W.

NOTE Tfre27 raporlhg Sstss wera Alabama,A!asks, Connsotlsut,Oshwara, Qaorgh, Hawafl, Idaho, Illlnola, Iowq I@nsss, I@ntucky,Maryland, Mhourl, Montana, Nsbraska, New York,

Or-, Pennayivsnl& Rhode Island, 6outh Csrollnq 6outh Dakota,Tsnnssass, Utah, Vsnnont, Vh@nle,Wlsoonsln,and Wyoming,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 23

Table 14. Mean age of husband and wife at time of decree by race of husband and wife: Totai of 27 rqxxting States and the District of

Columbia, 1989 and 1920

[Basedon sample data. Mean age in years]

Raoe of W

1990 19W

All Other Not AI/ Other Not

Raoe of husband rams White Blaok races stated moos White Blsok races stated

Mean age of husband

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 36.7 37.8 37.5 37.0 36.7 36.5 37.4 37.3 36.7

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 36.7 35.6 37.4 36.4 36.6 36.6 36.1 36.3 37.3

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 35.0 37.9 35.7 41.2 37.4 35.0 37.5 35.4 *

Other raoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..c . . . . 36.9 35.6 33.1 37.6 *

37.0 35.1 35.2 36.2 *

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 37.6 * *

36.8 36.6 36.0 * * 36.7

Mean age of wife

Allracas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.1 35.4 34.1 34.4 34.0 33.9 35.0 34.4 34.0

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.1 34.3 34.0 36.6 33.9 33.9 32.0 34.1 34.0

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 32.0 35.5 33.4 36.3 34.9 32.5 36.1 32.5 ●

Otherraoas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 33.2 32.4 34.3 *33.9 32.5 32.0 34.8 *

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 35.0 ● ●

34.4 34.0 33.3 * ● 34.1

NOTE:The27reportirrg2tateswweAiabsnm, Alaaks,Conrrm”c@Delawsre,Gaorgie,Hawsii,ldaho,lllinois,lwaKanaas,Wntucky Maryknd,Missowf, M@ana,Nebraeka NewYork

Oregen,Pennsyh@nla,Rhodelslend,3euth Carol!mq30uthDak~ Tenrresse-a,Utah,Wrmont,Wglnia,WlscorrsimandWjcm&rg.

Table 15. Mean duration of marriage at time of decree by race of husband and wiftx Totai of 27 repoiting States and the Diatriot of

Columbia, 1969 and 1990

[6asad on sample data. Maan du~”on in yeara]

Ram of W

1590 lam

Ail Other Otfrer

Race of husband races White Blaok raoea sXd 2 WI& B&A races aEd

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.2 10.2 8.4 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.9 a.6 6.6

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 9.2 6.4 7.8 6.8 9.2 9.2 7.0 7.9 8.1

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 7.1 10.3 5.8 13.4 9.8 6.1 10.0 6.8 *

Other raoaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 6.6 5.3 9.1 8.0 6.4 5.2 9.1

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9

*

7.6 * * 6.; 8.7 6.9 * ● 8.8

NOTE The 27 reporting&ales wareAlabama,Aleska,ConrwticuS,Oe!aware,Geor#a, Hawaii,Idaho,Iltirrda,Icwa, Ksnaaa,IWAuc4q,Mmylmd, Mbamni,Mmtsns, N&asks, NW Yerk

Orefjcn,Pennayivsnia,Rhodeisland,B.xth OsrOllns,3outhDakots,TWNW*, UtSITVWTMSIL- ~ andWyomimJ.

Table 16. Average number of chiidran per decree by race of husband and wifw Total of 27 reporting States and the District of Columbia,

1969 and 1990

&sed on aempla data]

Race of wife

Iwo W&?

AI Other Not Au other Not

Raoe of husband Cscas Write Bkrok mea stated raoes Wr#e B&ok races stated

Ail races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. 0.80 O.ao 090 0.89 0S4 0.91 0.91 O.m 0.97 0.91

Wham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.90 0.74 0.79 0.62 0.91 0.91 0.6s 0.96

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91 0.64 0.91 0.75 0.74 0.89 0.80 0.6s ;:

Other races . . . . . . .. o . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66

*

0.79 *0.86 ●

0.82 0.62 *1.a3 *

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 0.s0 ● * 0.36 0.91 0.91 * ● 0.91

NOTE The 27 reporting3tates wareAlebema,Alaeka,Oonnasticut,Oeleware,Gee@.a,Hawaii,Idaho,Ilfinak IowstKansas,KssW&Y,Marylmd, MIssW, M*, NObrSSke,t-kwYork

Oregon,Penrmytvanie,RhodaIsland,3outhCsrolinq BouthDakota,Tanneaaaa,~ Vemmnt,Vhginia,Wkcodn, andWyom&IO.
Table 17. Divorcaa by whether and to whom cuetody was awarded: Each of 15 repo~ng States in 1989 and each of 19 reporting States

In 19S0

[Sasedon sampledata]

Custody awarded to: 2

No

All cclstody Other Not

Area and year divorces awarded 1 Total Husband Wife Joint person Combination Ststads

1880

Total, 19 reporting States. . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alsaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawHampshira . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196s

Total,15raporting States. . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonneoticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wistxmain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

319,695

25,770

3,161

10,330

6,456

45,980

12,570

40,640

25,685

4,049

6,500

4,955

15,755

40,120

3,754

32,110

8,950

2,491

27,275

3,132

200,166

25,085

11,852

6,286

45,670

12,294

40,270

25,135

4,103

5,023

15,095

38,380

31,660

8,114

17,735

3,034

149,674

12,810

1,665

5,200

3,198

21,500

6,002

19,330

12,065

1,907

2,440

2,265

8,170

16,080

1,602

15,680

3,536

1,095

13,695

1,434

131,561

11,760

6,110

3,078

20,640

5,470

17,830

12,245

1,919

2,355

7,560

15,420

15,620

3,0s4

6,945

1,325

126,507

6,760

971

4,5s4

3,232

10,750

6,434

16,640

13,565

2,136

3,654

2,680

7,425

19,060

1,134

14,060

3,530

543

5,420

1,697

110,787

8,S95

5,258

3,182

7,060

6,310

9,990

12,550

2,162

2,667

6,540

18,750

14,860

1,504

9,235

1,704

11,186

780

114

242

280

800

344

1,760

1,265

148

382

253

760

1,570

57

1,430

2s4

51

52+5

131

9,046

745

272

224

500

408

870

1,145

135

265

565

1,530

1,550

132

560

145

92,330

7,075

605

2,648

1,752

8,070

3,044

13,560

9,765

868

3,068

2,143

5,175

14,440

692

11,060

2,834

383

3,790

1,258

79,001

7,230

3,114

1,794

5,410

3,162

7,450

9,235

1,015

2,086

4,775

14,460

11,640

1,176

5,205

1,239

20,163

750

1s8

1,678

1,062

1,540

2,810

2,590

2,105

944

168

188

1,075

2,060

372

1,230

300

93

775

255

16,980

770

1,860

1,016

950

2,486

1,240

1,775

950

178

940

1,970

1,260

142

3,215

228

1,704

40

28

10

28

20

126

120

135

18

62

32

140

550

5

180

10

5

185

10

1,181

80

4

10

10

160

120

125

15

34

25

320

230

1:

24

3,104

105

36

6

110

320

110

610

285

60

174

74

255

440

8

180

122

11

145

43

2,579

180

8

138

180

94

310

270

67

84

235

470

180

50

245

68

41,514

4,200

525

546

28

13,740

134

2,670

55

4

206

160

4,960

1,018

2,350

1,ss4

853

8,160

1

47,818

4,330

4s4

26

17,970

514

12,450

340

2

1

985

4,220

1,400

3,526

1,555

5

‘Includesdivorcea Invhichfhenumbar ofchlldrsnunder lSyearatiagewas report.xlss%one: andtheraforethe custodyitemwas notspplicsblqalsa includasdmces Inwhi..%children were

rapxted,~nocustody wasawarded.

%acatqfmfes’’Husband,” ‘Wrfe,’’4’Jolnt,”or“Other’’meanChat allchildreninafamlly wsreawardadtothaf cstago~.TombinaCion” mssnsthatsomechikken wereawmdadtoone custdim

andaomsweraawardad toanothar.

slnclutj~ d~~r~ me ~m W= ~t rWfi~ *WePt fho~e in ~~h ~s n~mbar of C~ldren W= mpfled = none. such dho~s were s33@4d tO “NO CU3fOdy Wsrdsd.”
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 25

Table 18. Number and percent dlatributlon of children under 18 years of age for whom custody was reported, by person(s) awarded

custody: Each of 15 reporting States in 1989 and each of 19 reporting States In 1990

[Sa.sedon sample data]

Custody awarded lo:

Area and year Totail

Other

Husband Wti Joint person

1980

Total, 19 reporting States. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . ...<..... . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kenssa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totsl,19reportingStates . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonneoticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missour i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Penm.ylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969

Totsl,15repoiiingStstes . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MiSsoutf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampahire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

221,833

14,400

1,677

7,708

5,964

18,660

11,644

33,280

23,135

3,&54

7,220

4,567

13,280

32,560

1,840

22,210

7,414

961

8,500

3,079

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

191,471

14,730

8,332

5,6s4

12,270

11,350

18,040

21,455

3,865

4,508

11,575

32,410

23,550

3,114

16,645

3,113

22,908

1,540

233

406

622

1,720

760

3,720

2,540

325

362

502

1,875

3,260

100

2,500

718

102

985

291

10.3

10.7

14.2

5.3

10.4

9.2

6.8

11.2

11.0

8.4

12.2

11.0

12.6

10.0

5.4

11.3

9.7

10.6

11.6

9.5

18,426

1,430

472

572

1,070

866

1,710

2,235

320

649

1,235

3,390

2,810

326

1,260

341

160,946

11,550

1,056

4,476

3,300

14,090

5,444

24,560

16,910

1,788

5,872

3,674

9,525

24,830

1,145

17,530

6,016

636

6,030

2,2S2

Percent distribution

72.5

80.2

63.1

56.1

55.3

75.4

47.2

73.9

73.1

46.4

81.3

60.4

71.7

76.7

62.2

78.9

81.1

71.4

70.9

74.4

Number

137,340

11,710

5,212

3,388

9,500

1%%

15,855

1,897

3,602

8,575

25,470

18,580

2,470

9,720

2,271

34,820

1,245

327

2,306

1,960

2,820

5,034

4,740

3,430

1,694

283

326

1,666

3,300

534

1,910

664

164

1,175

466

15.7

8.6

19.5

36.4

33.2

15.1

43.6

14.2

14.8

44.0

4.1

7.1

14.0

10.1

31.7

6.6

9.0

17.1

13.8

15.1

32,910

1,366

3,134

1,670

1,630

4,484

2,280

3,0C6

1,717

296

1,725

3,060

i ,8Q0

314

5,610

440

3,211

65

54

18

62

50

266

240

255

47

168

65

235

1,020

11

270

16

9

310

30

1.4

●

3.2

*

1.0

*

2.5

0.7

1.1

1.2

2.3

1.4

1.8

3.1

*

1.2

*

*

3.6

1.0

2,295

226

14

24

20

260

280

260

31

61

40

480

460

3:

61
26 ~ Monthly VW Stetiatics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 18. Number and percent distribution of children under 18 years of age for whom custody was reported, by person(s) awarded

custody Each of 15 reporting States in 18S8 and each of 19 reporting States In 1990-Con.

[8ased on sample data]

Custody awarded to:

Other

Area and year Total 1 Husband Wh Joint person

1988--Oon.

Total, 15 reporting States. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missour i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampahire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100<0

9.6

9.7

5.3

9.8

8.7

7.8

9.5

10.4

8.1

12.2

10.7

10.5

11.1

10.5

lZ

Peroent distribution

720

79.5

58.7

57.9

77.4

50.1

76.4

74.4

47.8

79.9

74.1

78.6

76.9

79.3

58.4

73.0

17.2

9.3

35.8

31.9

13.7

39.5

12.5

14.0

43.3

8.6

14.9

9.4

6.1

10.1

33.7

14.1

i .2

1.5

●

*

*

2.6

1.6

1.2

0.8

1.4

*

1.5

1.9

●

●

2.0

‘Total of children for whom custody was rspofisd doa not necesswily equal ths mportsd number of ohlkfrsn undsr 18 yaere of age.
Monthly Vltel Stetletlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 27

Table 19. Number and percent dietributlon of children under 18 yeara of age for whom custody was reported, by person(s) awarded

custody, according to age of hu8band and wife at time of decretx Total of 15 reporting States in 1889 and total of 19 reporting States In

1980

[8asadonsample data]

1890 1869

Age of husband and wir% other other

at time of decree Tofai4 Husband w% Joint person Total 1 Husband Wh Joint person

Husband

Allagea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-23 yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 ~are . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyeamor older . . . . . . . . . . .

Agenotsfated . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wife

Allagea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3&89yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . .. e . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60yaara oroldar . . . . . . . . . . .

Agenotatated . . . . . . . . . . . .

Husband

Adages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 20yeara. . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 y8am . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-84 yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yearS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50yeam orolder . . . . . . . . . . .

Agenotatated . . . . . . . . . . . .

W*

Allagas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Undar20yeam . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yaam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yearn . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yaam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-Wyeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50years orolder . . . . . . . . . . .

Agenotatated . . . . . . . . . . . .

221,883

544

13,228

41,148

54,877

52,588

33,700

14,204

6,887

4,616

221,888

2,080

25,183

53,257

58,858

45,388

23,588

6,888

1,851

5,182

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

104).0

22,808

1,2%

4,071

5,401

5,587

3,824

1,822

751

407

22,808

211

2,788

5,356

5,454

4,806

2,801

858

85

847

10.3

●

9.2

9.9

9.8

10.6

10.8

12.8

10.8

8.6

10.3

10.1

11.1

10.1

9.3

10.8

11.0

12.8

*

12.5

180,846

438

10,885

80,954

88,854

37,181

23,847

9,688

5,157

3,846

180,846

1,834

16,841

39,448

42,884

31,838

16,472

4,849

1,282

3,885

72.5

78,6

78.5

75.2

72.3

70.7

70.8

88.2

74.0

78.0

72.5

76.2

74.8

74.1

72.5

70.4

68.8

89.5

78.3

76.9

34,820

61

1,418

5,480

9,183

9,133

5,819

Z314

488

34,820

224

3,123

7,783

9,885

7,887

4,233

1,050

175

445

15.7

*

10.7

13,2

16.7

17.5

17.3

16.3

13.0

10.8

15.7

10.7

12.4

14.5

16.9

17.3

17.9

15.7

10.6

8.6

3,211

2

211

691

838

657

410

373

155

67

191,471

445

12,544

84,797

49,077

44,551

26,335

11,731

6,121

3,670

3,211 191,471

21 1,382

443 22,482

720 48,447

51,458

E 38,940

18,82S

131 5,224

88 1,482

105 4,505

Percent dlatribufion

1.4 100,0

*

100.0

1.6 100.0

1.7 100.0

1.2 100.0

1,2 100.0

1.2 100.0

2.7 10Q.O

2.2 100.0

*

100.0

1.4

*

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.2

*

*

*

100.0

10Q.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Klcl.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

18,426

1*Z

2,622

4,820

4,277

3,103

1,228

800

469

18,426

249

2,255

4,102

4,530

4,151

1,815

445

121

m

9.6

*

8.5

6.1

9.6

9.6

11.0

10.5

lN

9.6

12.5

10.0

8.6

8.9

10.7

9.6

8.5

●

15.5

137,840

336

9,619

26,407

35,388

31,289

19,380

8,111

4,383

2,889

137,840

1,436

16,923

34,457

37,587

26,778

12,913

3,523

1,089

38134

72.0

75.5

78.3

75.9

72.1

70.1

ea.2

69.1

71.3

73.4

72.0

72.1

75.2

74.2

73.0

88.8

68.2

87.4

73.5

89.6

32,910

44

1,370

5,171

8,342

8,695

5,628

2,258

922

482

32,910

254

2,8e0

7,327

8,795

7,624

4,081

1,161

241

597

17.2

10.;

14.9

17.0

19.5

19.9

19.2

15.1

12.5

17.2

12.8

12.7

15.8

17.1

19.6

21.4

22.0

16.3

13.3

2,235

27

287

397

519

340

274

135

238

80

2,295

53

454

581

484

387

144

105

31

76

1.2

●

2.3

1.1

1.1

0.8

1.0

●

3.9

*

1.2

●

2.0

1.2

0.s

1.0

*

*

*

*

lTIMI of chikfmnforWhomousfodywaa rspoiteddossnchnsmaaMysquafswmpoltadrlumkofcilildrsmunderl8yaamda@

NOTES Ofthe 31 2.tateainthe divorca-mgistmfbnems, 15 rapwtedcustodyh WW-Asbma, Conns&Z

Pemsyhenii, Temmasea,Utah,Wiaaonein,andWyoming.In IWO an additionalWe 3tstss mwW—N@@

Idaho,hots, KMsas, Mii, M- Mmtana, N6w Ham@ire, Orsm.ym,

Nabras@ Rhodalsbnd, Vmand Mr@nia.h%mnsincaassd torsput.
28 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 20. Number and parcent distribution of children undar 18 yaars of aga for whom custody was reportad, by person(s) awarded

custody, according to race of husband and wifw Total of 13 reporting states in 1988 and total of 17 raportlng States in 1990

[Bassdonsample data]

Custody awarded to:

1990 1989

Other Other

Race of husband srrd wife Total 1 Husband Wh Joint parson Total 1 Husband Wh Joint parson

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race nctatatad . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wrfe

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race nctatated . . . . . . . . . . . .

Husband

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racanctatated . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wte

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Racenotstatad . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,036

157,449

15,895

1,756

a,934

184,036

157,382

15,102

2,193

9,342

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

100.0

100.0

1.9,684

16,466

970

318

830

132,692

111,155

13,791

1,181

18,S64

16,185

894

556

1,049

10.2

10.5

6.1

16.1

10.4

10.2

10.3

5.9

25.4

11.2

132,6S2

111,445

13,208

1,308

6,732

72.1

70.6

86.8

67.2

73.5

72.1

70.8

87.5

59.6

72.0

28,754

27,247

879

231

1,397

28,754

27,190

787

296

1,488

16.2

17.3

5.5

13.1

15.6

16.2

17.3

5.1

13.6

16.0

2,806 166,923

2,561 145,960

255 13,997

2a 1,665

42 7,271

2,906 16&923

2,572 146,264

232 13,359

83 1,905

89 7,405

Percentdiatribution

1.6 100.0

1.6 100.0

1.6 100.0

* 100.0

* 100.0

1.6 100.0

1.6 100.0

1.5 100.0

* 100.0

● 100.0

16,167

14,434

939

166

628

16,167

14,245

810

375

737

9.6

9.9

6.7

10.0

8.6

9.6

9.7

6.1

19.7

10.0

120,456

101,892

11,974

1,247

5,345

120,458

102,388

11,513

1,257

5,292

71.3

69.8

85.5

74.9

73.5

71.3

70.0

68.2

88.0

71.5

30,354

28,078

617

219

1,240

30,354

28,070

772

234

1,276

16.0

19.2

5.8

13.2

17.1

18.0

19.2

Iz

17.3

1,844

1,5s6

287

33

56

1,944

1,543

264

39

96

1.2

1.1

1.9

●

●

1.2

1.1

2.0

*

*

lTctslcfchikJmnfcr vjlmmcuatcdyw repcrtsddossrwtrreceaasiilyaqualthsrspcrtednumbarcfc+IiklrenurrdwIS YssmcfaW.

NOTES 0frhe31 Statsainthedivcrce-regiecationares, 13reporledcustodyandrscecfhusband sndwKehr19W—Abbsm

Psnnsylvsnla,Temneawe,Utsh,wlsmnsin,srxl V@ming.lnlWO snaddiUcnalfive3iates r~

%Ccnnaotb$ldahc, llllnols,Kaness,Mlaacufi,McmtsnaOrawr,

Nebrsska,Rhodelakrnd,V#rncnt,andVlrginie.W7econslnceasedtcreport
Monthly Vltai Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 29

Table 21. Number and percent distribution of children under 18 years of age for whom custody was riBportad,by paraon(e) awardad

cuetody, according to number of this marriage of husband and wifw Total of 15 reporting States in 1989 and totai of 19 reporting States

in 1990

[8amdon sample data]

CrJ2t0@ awardad to:

1s90 1989

Number of tiris rrramiaga Other C-Mar

of husband and wifs Totall Husband Wh Joint penson Totall Husband Wh Joint parson

Husband

Allmaniagas2 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pirstmamiage . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Semnd marriage . . . . . . . . . . .

Third marriage or more. . . . . . .

Notetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wb

Allmsrriages2 . . . . . . . . . . . .

First marrisge . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second marriage . . . . . . . . . . .

Third marriage ornmre . . . . . . .

Notetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Husband

Allmarriages2 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fhtrndsge... . . . . . . . . . .

Second marriage . . . . . . . . . .

Third rnardageor snore . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W*

Allmarriages2 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fketman-kge . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saoondmarriage. . . . . . . . . . .

Thkdmsniageo rmofe . . . . . . .

Notetatsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

221 ,8S3

1SS,603

35,532

7,511

9,918

221,863

172,503

33,078

6,016

9,917

100.0

190.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

22,s08

17,955

3,203

655

1,076

22,s06

17,374

3,720

626

1,15s

10.3

10.6

9.0

8.7

10.8

10.3

10.1

11.2

10.4

11.7

160,948

121,056

26,527

5,745

7,3s1

160,946

125,516

23,S23

4,326

7,240

72.5

71.8

74.7

76.5

74.4

72.5

72.8

71.4

71.9

73.0

34,820

27,143

5,276

970

1,368

34,820

27,223

5,203

825

1,376

15.7

16.1

14.9

12.9

13.8

15.7

15.8

15.7

15.4

13.9

Number

3,211 191,471

2,455 146,044

518 23,676

141 6,934

82 8,610

3,211 191,471

2@4 148,178

527 28,697

13s 5,026

140 8,3S5

Peroerrt distribution

1.4 100.0

1.5 100.0

1.5 100.0

● 100.0

* 100.0

1.4 100.0

1.4 100.0

1.6 100.0

●

100.0

*

100.0

18,426

14,13s

%912

337

18,426

14,016

2,855

517

927

9.6

9.7

9.8

6.2

10.9

9.6

9.4

10.3

10.3

11.1

137,s40

103,507

22,1s4

5,558

6,413

137,840

108,955

20,951

3,621

6,173

72.0

70.9

74.8

SO.2

74.5

72.0

71.7

73.0

72.0

73.6

32,910

26,680

4,221

634

1,141

32,910

26,454

4,472

812

1,13s

17.2

18.3

14.2

12.0

13.3

17.2

17.7

15.6

16.2

13.6

2,295

1,719

349

106

119

2,295

1,753

319

76

147

1.2

1.2

1.2

●

*

1.2

1.2

1.1

*

*

lTotalofchlldrenforwiromwstody we repmteddoesnot

%cludes rsrner-rkt,numbernotstated.

rwx8arilyequal S3enumber0foNldrenurrder18yaars ofege.

NO~S~tie31 tibhhedb~tih -,15~@w~ti wbtiti —hlWtil~

MCWIWWNew Hampetire,Owen, PanrWenk Temeeeee, Utdr,

@mec&xK Idaho,Minds,Kamas, MichioM,Mleecmf,

Wbmnein, endWywning.ln lS9CrenaWbrral iWeSw~

WhcOnehceeead toreport

Ne&aeba Rhodelelend,Wrmoftmd W@@m
Technical notes

Definitions

Divorces include absolute divorces,

annulments, and dissolutions of marriage.

Data are tabulated by State where decree

was granted, not by State of residence,

Date of divorce is defined as the date the

decree was granted.

Sources of data

Nationwide counts

Data in tables 1 and 2 are derived

from counts of the number of divorce

decrees reported annually by States and

counties to the National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS). When divorces are not

reported for some counties, the following

criteria are applied for the data shown in

table 2

●

●

●

The State totals are published as

reported even when there are nonreporting counties. If the population of

nonreporting areas in the latest available census is less than 1 percent of

the State population, the State total

does not have a footnote to indicate

that the data are incomplete.

If the population of nonreporting

areas is 1.0 to 9.9 percent of the State

population, data for the State and division have the footnote “Data are

incomplete. ” Rates are computed, and

no estimates are made for the missing

data.

If the population of nonreporting

areas is 10 percent or more of the

State population, the State and division totals have the footnote “Data are

incomplete,” and the divorce rate is

not computed. Estimates are made for

inclusion in the totals for the region

and for the United States, and rates are

computed. Figures for the region and

United States have the footnote “Figures include estimates. ”

Sample data

Information about the characteristics

of divorcing couples is available only

from States that participate in the

divorce-registration area (DRA). Data in

tables 3–11 are derived from a probability

sample of divorce records from States

Table 1.Sampllng errvx of estimated parcent Divorce-registration area, 19S0319SS,and

1990, and each registration State, 1989 and 19S0

~iMTVemont,and~oming had Msmptingemmi. 19890r19W~.8eall rwodsweretabulAe~

for Alaska, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Montana, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South

.%mplhg error of estimated percent

Area and year 1 or99 10 or 90 25 or 75 50

Divorce-registration area

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Registration States, 1990

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhodslsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Registration States, 1989

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DislrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Messachuaatts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

. . .

0.1

. . .

. . .

0.2

. . .

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

. . .

0.1

. . .

0,2

0.1

0.2

0.1

. . .

0.2

.,.

0.2

0.1

.,.

0.1

0.1

. . .

0.1

. . .

0.1

. . .

. . .

0.2

. . .

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

.. .

0.1

. . .

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

. . .

0.2

. . .

0.2

0.1

. . .

0.1

0.1

. . .

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.4

. . .

0.3

. . .

,,.

0.5

. . .

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

.,.

0.4

. . .

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.4

. . .

0.5

. . .

0.5

0.3

. . .

0.4

0.5

. . .

0.4

. . .

0.3

. . .

. . .

0.5

. . .

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

. . .

0.4

. . .

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

. . .

0.5

. . .

0.5

0.3

. . .

0.4

0.5

. . .

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.5

. . .

0.4

. . .

. . .

0.7

. . .

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

. . .

0.5

. . .

0,8

0.6

0.7

0.6

. . .

0.7

. . .

0.7

0.5

. . .

0.5

0.6

. . .

0.5

. . .

0.4

. . .

. . .

0.7

. . .

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

. . .

0.5

. . .

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

. . .

0.7

. . .

0.7

0.5

. . .

0.5

0.7

. . .

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.6

. . .

0.5

. . .

. . .

0.8

. . .

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.6

. . .

0.6

. . .

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.7

. . .

0.8

. .

0.8

0.5

. . .

0.6

0.6

. . .

0.6

. . .

0.5

. . .

. . .

0.8

. . .

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

. . .

0.6

. . .

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.6

. . .

0.6

. . .

0.6

0.6

. . .

0.6

0.6

. . .
participating in the DRA. The DRA has

expanded from 28 States in 1970 to 31

States and the District of Columbia in

1989 and 1990. About 49 percent of the

divorces in the United States in 1989 and

1990 were granted in the DRA. Data on

the race of the husband and wife in tables

12-16 were from 27 States and the District of Columbia that were in the DR4

and reported this item on their divorce

certificates. The divorces in these States

accounted for 40 percent of all divorces

in 1989 and 39 percent in 1990. The data

on the physical custody of the children in

tables 17-19 and 21 were from the 15

and 19 States that reported this item in

1989 and 1990, respectively. These States

accounted for 25 and 27 percent of all

divorces in 1989 and 1990, respectively.

The data in table 20 were from the 13 and

17 States that reported custody and race

in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Data in

these States accounted for 21 and 23 percent of all divorces in the respective

years.

Divorce sample

The probability sample of divorces

for 1989 and 1990 were selected by using

five different sampling rates. For the District of Columbia and for each State in

the DR& either 5, 10,20,50, or 100 percent of the divorce records were included.

Sampling rates were selected so that the

expected sample would contain at least

2,500 records for each State. This criterion required 100-percent sampling for

Alaska, Delaware, the District of

Columbia, Hawaii, Montana, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South Dakot% Vermont, and Wyoming. All States in the

DRA provided their divorce certificate

data through either State-coded data

tapes, microfilm, or photocopies.

Table I shows sampling errors for

estimates that constitute 1, 10, 25,50,75,

90, and 99 percent of the annual divorce

totals. These sampling errors are shown

for the DRA for 1980, 1989, and 1990

and for the District of Columbia and each

DIM State for 1989 and 1990.

Estimates of children involved

in divorce

To make national estimates of children involved in divorce, shown in

table 3, it was assumed that the average

number of children per decree for the

United States was the same as the

average in the DRA. This average was

multiplied by the national divorce total to

estimate the national number of children

involved in divorce. For 1950-59 the

average number of children per decree

was calculated using data from all

reporting States, for 1960, from a nationwide sampl% for 1961-69, from 16

States and thereafter, from all DRA

States.

Computation of rates, percent

distributions, medians, and

means

Divorce rates for 1989 and 1990 in

tables 1–3 and 5 are based on the populations estimated as of July 1, 1989, and

July 1, 1990 (15–18). The divorce rates

by race in table 13 are based on the

population enumerated as of April 1,

1990, in the decennial census (19). Percent distributions, means, and medians

exclude cases for which the pertinent

information (number of children, duration of marriage, person to whom custody

was awardecl or age) is not stated. Mean

and median ages at marriage and at

decree, and mean and median duration of

marriage were computed using

ungrouped data.

The mean and the median are measures of central tendency. The mean is

computed by summing the values of the

item under consideration and dividing

this sum by the number of observations

included. The median is the middle value

of a set of observations that have been

arranged in order of magnitude. There are

an equal number of observations above

and below the median.
32 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 9(S) ● March 22, 19S5 -

Suggested citation Copyright information

National Center for Health Statlatlce

Acting Director

Jack R. Anderson

Acting Deputy Direotor

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D.

Clarke SC. Advance report of final divorce All materiel appearing in this report is in the Associate Direotor for

statistics, 1989 and 1990. Monthly vital public domain and may be reproduced or Viii and Health Statistics Systems

statistics report VOI48 no 8, suppl. Hyattsville, copied without permission; citation as to Peter L. Hurley

Maryland: National Center for Health source, however, is appreciated.

Statistics. 1995. Diiision of Vital Statistics

Aotirm Director

Mary Anfie Freedman
Vol. 40, No. 8, Supplement 2. January 7, 1992

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report

Final Data From the National Center for Health Statlstlcs

Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1989

Selected contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Deaths and death rates. . . 2

Expectation of life . . . . . . . . .4

Cause of death . . . . . . . . . . 5

HIVinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hispanic deaths . . . . . . . . S3

Drug-induced deaths . . . . 8

Alcohol-induced deaths. . 9

Marital status . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Educational attainment ., . 9

Infant mortality . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Hispanic infant mortality . II

Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . 11

Repotiof autopsy . . . . . . ..ll

References . ., . . . . . . . . ...12

List of detailed tables .,... 13

Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . 45

Highlights

In 1989, 2,150,466 deaths were

registered in the United States, 17,533

fewer than the record high number of

2,167,999 deaths recorded in 1988. The

death rate for 1989 was 866.3 deaths

per 100,000 population, 2 percent

below the rate of 882.0 in 1988. Provi1

sional data for 1990 indicate that the

death rate (861.9) continued to decline

from 1989.

The age-adjusted death rate,

which eliminates the effects of the

aging of the population, was 523.0 per

100,000 population, 2 percent lower

than the 1988 rate of 535.5. The ageadjusted rate decreased for the white

population betsveen 1988 and 1989 but

remained about the same for the black

population. For most of the 10-year

age groups for males and females combined, death rates declined between

1988 and 1989, but they increased for

age groups between 25 and 44 years.

Contributing most to the increase

within this age span were deaths due

to Human immunodeficiency virus

infection (HIV infection).

In 1989 life expectancy at birth

reached a record high of 75.3 years.

The difference in life expectancy for

males and females has narrowed since

the late 1970’s, however, women are

still expected to outlive men by an

average of 6,8 years, Life expectancy

increased for the white population, but

it remained unchanged from the previous year for the black population.

This resulted in a widening gap in life

expectancy between the black and

white populations. Although the difference in life expectancy between the

white and black populations narrowed

from 7.6 years in 1970 to 5.6 years in

1984, it increased to 6.4 years in 1988

and 6.8 years in 1989. Life expectancy

for black males again declined

between 1988 and 1989, as it has every

year since 1984, except for 1987, when

it remained unchanged. Life expectancy for black females has fluctuated

since 1982, showing no clear trend.

As in previous years, almost three

out of four deaths in the United States

were caused by the first four leading

causes of death – Diseases of heart;

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (cancer); Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke); and Accidents and

adverse effects. Age-adjusted death

rates for 10 of the 15leadingcausesof

Acknowledgments

Thisreportwaspreparedin the Divisionof VitalStatistics.MarianF. MacDornranandBcttieL,Hudsonwrotethe reportunderthe supervisionof

HarryM. Rosenberg,Chiefof the MortalityStatisticsBranch.ThomasDunn providedstatisticaltablesand contentreview.Charles E. Roycrand

GailA.Parr providedcomputerprogrammingsupport.The RegistrationMethodsBranchand theTechnicalServicesBranchprovidedconsultation

toStatevitalstatisticsofficesregardingcollectionof the deathcertificatedata on which this report is based. ThisreportwaseditedbyArlettBrown

and typesetbyJacquelineM.Davkof thePublicationsBranch,Divisionof DataServices.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control

National Center for Health Statistics

Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.H., Director CENTERS CKFOR DISEASE CO~OL
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

death declined between 1988 and

1989, led by reductions for Atherosclerosis; Septicemia; and Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. Heart

disease, the leading cause of death in

the United States, and stroke, the

third leading cause of death, continued

their long-term declines. Mortality for

Motor vehicle accidents, a component

of Accidents and adverse effects, and

for Pneumonia and influenza also

declined between 1988 and 1989.

Increases in age-adjusted death

rates for leading causes of death

between 1988 and 1989 were led by

HIV infection, Diabetes mellitus, and

Homicide and legal intervention. Mortality from HIV infection, the llth leading

cause of death in the United States,

increased by 32 percent; from Diabetes

mellitus, the 7th leading cause, by 14 percent and from Homicide, the 10th leading

cause, by 4 percent. The age-adjusted

death rate for cancer, the seeond leading

cause of death, increased slightly between

1988 and 1989. Among other causes, the

age-adjusted death rate for alcoholinduced causes increased by 3 percent

between 1988 and 1989, while the rate for

drug-inducedcausesfell by 2 percent.

The age-adjusted death rate for

males was about 70 percent higher than

the rate for females for all causes of death

combined, For each of the 15 leading

causes of death, male mortality was also

higher. The greatest sex differential was

for HIV infection, where the age-adjusted

rate for males was 8.7 times that for

females. The smallest sex differential was

for Diabetes mellitus, with a male-tofemale ratio of 1.1.

Overall, the black population had

age-adjusted death rates that exceeded

those of the white population by about

60 percent. Rates were also higher for

most of the leading causes of death. The

largest race differential continued to be

for Homicide and legal intervention, for

which the age-adjusted rate for the black

population was about seven times that of

the white population. The two leading

causes that had lower rates for the black

population were Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions and

Suicide.

In 1989 there were dfierences in the

leading causes of death between the

Hispanic and the non-Hispanic white

populations in a 44-State reporting area.

Although the two leading muses of

ldeath—Diseases of heart and cancer —

were the same for the two population

groups, there were substantial differences

in the ranking of other leading muses.

The infant mortality rate (9.8

infant deaths per 1,000 live births)

reached a record low in 1989. The rate

declined for the white population, but

the change between 1988 and 1989 for

the black population was not statistically significant. For the black population the downward trend in infant

mortality has slowed in recent years.

Neonatal and postneonatal mortality

rates declined between 1988 and 1989

for the white population but remained

at about the same level for the black

population. In 1989 the infant mortality rate for the black population

remained at more than twice that for

the white population. The ratio of

black to white infant mortality rates

has increased since the early 1970’s.

Three causes of death – Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight, Sudden infant

death syndrome, and Respiratory distress syndrome – together accounted

for 41 percent of the difference

between black and white infant mortality rates.

Deaths and death rates

In 1989 a total of 2,150,466 deaths

occurred in the United States, 17,533

fewer than in 1988. This is the first

time since 1982 that the number of

deaths decreased from the previous

year. The 1988 total of 2,167,999

deaths is the largest final number ever

recorded. The decrease in the number

of deaths between 1988 anti 1989

reflects lower mortality for a number

of age groups and causes of death. The

death rate for 1989, 866.3 per 100,000

population, was 2 percent lower than

the rate of 882.0 in 1988, The provisional death rate for 1990 (861,9)

declined slightly from that of 1989.

The age-adjusted death rate of

523.0 deaths per 100,000 population in

1989 was a record low, about 2 percent below the rate of 535.5 for 1988

(figure 1). Age-adjusted death rates

show what the level of mortality would

be if there were no changes in the age

composition of the population from

year to year. Thus, they are better

indicators than unadjusted death rates

for showing changes in the risk of

death over a period of time when the

age distribution of the population is

changing. They are also better indicators of risk when comparisons of mortality are being made for sex or race

subgroups of the population that have

different age compositions. Since 1980

the age-adjusted death rate has

decreased every year except 1985 and

1988, when major influenza outbreaks

increased mortality in the United

States. The rate for 1989 was 11 percent below the rate for 1980 and is the

lowest final rate ever recorded,

1,300

1,200

g

900

g 800

&

n

700

500

F

● Crude death rate

+**%*

●*

“.. O

. ..*

“*. ●.*... **.*. . .

. ..*. ..*...**

●*

““**. *

●**

“%..*.

Age-adjusteddeath rate ~i

““*w.. ***m

1- -1

1,300

1,200

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

800

500

o~ ,

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

1

Figure 1. Crude and age-adjusted death rates: United States, 1940-89
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~3

Death rutes by ag sq and mce– Table A. Percent chenge in death rates between 1988 and 1989 by age and sex

Between1988 and 1989,death rates for ‘n’ted ‘tates

both sexescombineddecreasedfor all of Age Total Male Female

the 10-yearage groups exeept25-34 and

35-44 years (tabIe A), The largest Percent change

deerease(4 pereent)oceurredforthe age “a9es’0 -<------ O””””””O”””.0..” -1.8 -2.0 -1.5

group 85years andover, and the largest ~~d~~r~.a~’,::-”om-””s--o oo-”s. c.. -0.3 -0.6

-:; inerease (2pereent) oecurred for those %14yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ::::

.3.3 -4.1

.1.6 -2.6 -0.5

aged 25-34years. 15-24 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.2 -2,5 -1.0

The death rates for males also ~~~: : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.3 1.1

1.0

declined between 1988and1989 foraIl ~~~~. ”-”-- .--- ””. ..”” .”. s.”

1.9 -1.1

-2.3 -1.6 -3.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

agegroups except 25-34 and 35-44 65-74 years:: : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-2.6 -2.6 -2,5

-3.0 -3.6 -2.2

years. The increase in the death rate j~aj~m~d &;e;-00---- +---- “0. c. . . “

-2.9 -3.6 -2.4

between 1988 and 1989for males aged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.6 -4.1 -3.3

35-44 years (2 percent) continued the lD~ rsres under I year (wad on pqxlafii satlmstes) differ from infant morlafii ra!es (based on live bltths); sae table E for

1989 infant mortslily ratea andTaohnbalnotesforfurtherdlacussbnofthe dlfferenca, increase begun between 1983and 1984,

a reversaI of the downward trend for

this age group since the late 1960%(figure 2 and table A).

Male Female

40,000 - 40,000 —

65 years and over

85 years and over

20,000 20,000

75-64 years b

Io,ooo - u---Ha--

--

10,000

8,000 ----- 75-64 years

8,(WO ~----

6,000 65-74 years

6,000 -

-----

a~m-m-w-=-- _

4--*_

4,000 4,000 65-74 years

~

----—--

2,000 z 55-64 yeara 2,000 •~.~.-

Urrder 1 year!

i

g I,ooo ~=..

45-54 years

. . . . . . . . . . . . - =====....

800 ●=....

1,000

~

=.. . SC@ ●-.. .. *a- V

k

600 ●*e 600 - .* 45-54 years

35-44 years ●**-.. . . . . . . . ...0..9. . ...**

~ 400

z

400 ●. . . . ●*.. . ..a

25-34 years

200 = ---_d #~*--:____ L

k--- +.-./ +*H* -/- 2W

● ●** L . &** ●* ●. . ...* 15-24 years

100 %. . . .

: “%,%== 25* years

●9=8......

80

100

-

14 years ●*...*...

60 - -N.-

ao -\ 1-4 Year; ”==-... ‘-%

● ●. ..a.

% . -. --\4v-

-----

●*..9..,- 60 -.-.--~=*~aw

15-24 years

40 5-14 years ~w+ Q. : \

Z* 9-

N ‘------

●...0,

--.

5-14 years -\\~

20 20 -~.

10 ~ flllllllllilllll[lilllf 111111111111111. 10 J Iltllll 1111111 1111111 lllllltlltllllll I

1950 1955 1860 1865 1970 1975 18s0 1885 1880 1960 1955 1860 1865 1970 1975 1960 1985 1880

‘ Death ratea under 1 year (baaed en pepulalmn estlmalaa] differ from infanl morfaliiy rates (baaed on live births): sea fqure 5 for infant morbfily rams and Technical

notes for further discussion of the ditbrence.

-.Figure z. cream rates by age and sex: United States, 1950-89
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

The increase in the death rate for

males aged 25–34 years was also 2 percent. The largest decreases for males

were for those aged 1-4 years and 85

years and over (4 percent each).

Death rates for the younger popu.dation aged 1–14 years are subject to

substantial fluctuation from year to

year because of the relatively small

number of deaths occurring in these

age groups. Death rates at these ages

are very low compared with other ages,

The death rates for females

declined between 1988 and 1989 for all

age groups except under 1 year and

25–34 years. This pattern is consistent

with the general downward trend in

age-specific rates for females observed

since 1950. The largest decreases in

death rates between 1988 and 1989

occurred for females aged 45–54 years

and 85 years and over (3 percent

each). The largest increase in the

death rate between 1988 and 1989 was

for females aged 25–34 years

(1 percent).

Age-adjusted death rates for white

males decreased by 3 percent between

1988 and 1989 and for white females,

by 2 percent. The age-adjusted death

rate for black females decreased by

1 percent and was about the same

between the 2 years for black males.

Age-adjusted death rates have

decreased almost every year since 1980

for white males and females, resulting

in record low rates in 1989. Rates

decreased from 1980 through 1984 for

black males but have fluctuated since

then. Despite the decrease between

1988 and 1989, the rate for black males

in 1989 was 2 percent above the

record low in 1984. Rates decreased

from 1980 to 1982 for black females

but have fluctuated since then.

In 1989 the age-adjusted death

rate for males of all races was 1.7 times

that for females, the same as the ratio

in 1988 and below the record high of

1.8 in 1979; in 1950 it was 1.5. This

ratio between male and femaIe ageadjusted death rates was 1.7 for the

white population and 1.8 for the black

population.

In 1989 the age-adjusted death

rate for the black population was 1.6

times that for the white population, up

from 1.5 in 1988. The ratio of black to

white age-adjusted death rates has

increased slightly every year since 1982.

Expectation of life at birth and

at specified ages

In 1989 the average expectation of

life at birth reached a record high of

75.3 years (figure 3). This continued

the general upward trend in life

expectancy in the United States. The

expectation of life at birth represents

the average number of years that a

group of infants would live if they were

to experience throughout life the agespecific death rates prevailing in 1989,

In 1989 life expectancy for females

was 78.6 years compared with 71.8 years

for males; both figures represent increases

over 1988. The difference in life expectancy between the sexes was 6.8 years in

1989,the same as in 1988. Historically, the

difference in life expectancy between the

sexes has narrowed since 1979 in contrast

to widening from 1900 to 1972. The difference was 6.8 years in 1988 and 1989

compared with 6,9 years in 1987, 7.4 years

in 1980 and 1981, 7.7 and 7.8 years

throughout the period 1972–79, 6.5 years

in 1960, and 2.0 years in 1900.

Between 1988 and 1989, the white

population experienced an increase in life

expectancy from 75.6 years to a record

high of 76.0, while life expectancy for the

black population remained at 69.2, as in

the previous year. Although the difference

in life expectancy be~een the white and

r

black populations narrowed from 7.6

years in 1970 to 5.6 years in 1983 and

1984, it has increased since thlen, to 6.4

years in 1988 and 6.8 years in 1989, Further discussion of the causes contributing

to the widening differential between life

expectancies for the black and white populations between 1988 and 1989 can be

found in the section, “Cause of death.”

Among the four race-sex groups,

white females continued to have the

highest Iife expectancy at birth (79.2

years), followed by black females (73.5

years), white males (72.7 years), and

black males (64.8). Life expectancy

increased steadily during the 1970’s

and early 1980’s for all four race-sex

groups. This increase has continued

for white males and females. However,

life expectancy for black females has

fluctuated since 1982; for black males

it increased from 1980 to 1984 but

declined every year from 1984 to 1989

except for 1987, when it did not

change. Overall, the largest gain in life

expectancy between 1980 and 1989 was

for white males (2,0 years), followed by

white females (1.1 years), and black

males and females (1.0 years),

The 1989 life table may be used to

compare life expectancies at any age

from birth onward. For example, a

person who has reached age 65 years

may look forward to living to an older

age, on the average, than one who has

reached 50 years. On the basis of mortality experienced in 1989, a person

80

79

78

z!

E

73

72

71

::

68

White female

Black female

● 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . ...**

. . . . . .

. . . . .

●. . . .

.-. ti. -

._ .- ..-.

●#.-. ~

..=” .4=+ White male

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘

~.-

------

%

I

Black male

65 *---- —____

64 /

//

63

L

#*@--

62

//

61 H“.H

!

‘: ~JJ

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1960 1962 1964 1986 1986

Figure 3. Life expectancy by sex: United States, 1970-89
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~ 5

aged 50 years could expect to Iive an

average of 28.9 more years for a total

of 78.9 years, and a person aged 65

years could expect to live an average of

17.2 more years for a total of 82.2

years.

Cause of death

Deaths assigned to the 15 leading

causes accounted for 86 percent of the

total number of deaths in 1989

(table B). The ranking of the first nine

of the leading causes of death for 1989

remained unchanged from the list

based on data for 1988. The other six

leading causes of death were the same

as for 1988, however, the rankings

changed. Homicide and legal intervention, the 12th leading cause in 1988,

increased to 10th in 1989. Human

immunodeficieney virus infection, the

15th leading cause in 1988, increased

to llth in 1989. Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome, and nephrosis decreased in

rank from 10th to 12th; Atherosclerosis, from 1lth to 13th; Septicemia,

from 13th to 14th; and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period decreased from 14th to 15th.

Ranking procedures can be found in

the “Technical notes.”

Trends in mortality based on ageadjuated death rates are shown in figure 4

and table C for 14 of the 15 Ieading

Table C. Age-adjusted death rates for 1989 and percent changes in age-adjusted death

rates for the 15 leading causes of death from 1988 to 1989 and from 1979 to 1989:

United States

[Rates per 100,000 population]

Percent

change fromAge-adjusted 1988 1979

Rankl Cause of death (Ninth Revision death rates to to

order International Classification of Diaeaaes, 1975) for 7989 1989 1989

. . . Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.0 -2.3 -9.4

1 Diseases ofhaart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.9 -6.3 -21.9

2 Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hema!opoietic tissues.. . . . . . . . . . 133.0

3

0.2 1.7

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 -5.7 -32.7

4 Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 -3.4 -21.2

. . . Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 -4,1 -18.5

,.. All other accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . 14.9 -2.6 -24.0

5 Chronio obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

19.4 32,9

Pneumonia andlnfluenzs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 -3.5 22.3

Diabetes meilitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5

:

13.9 17,3

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3

9

-0.9 -3.4

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . .

10

8.9 -1.1 -25.8

Homlclde and legal intervention. . . . . . . . ., . , . .

11

9.4 4.4 .7.8

Human immunodeficienoy virus Infection ., . . . . . .

12

8.7 31.8 ---

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and nephrosis. . . . . 4,4

13

-6.3 2.3

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9

14

-14.7 -49.1

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

4.1 -10,9 78,3

Certain conditions originating In the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .,,. . . . -0.4 -31.2

1Rankbasedon numberof daaths;aaeTechnicalnotes.

‘InasmuchasdeathsfromthiscauseoccurmainlyamongInfants,gercentchant!es are bssed on infant rnOrtdi~r2ieSinstead of

age-adjusted rates,

causes. Because deaths from Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

occur mainly among infants under 1 year,

age-adjusted rates for this cause are not

discussed.

For nine of the leading causes of

death the age-adjusted death rates

Table Et.Death rates and percent of total deaths for the 15 leading causes of death:

unftedStates, 1989

[Rates per 100,000 population]

Cause of death Percent

Rankl (Ninth Revision International

order

of total

Classification of Diseaees, 1975) Rate deaths

,,, Allmus~, ,,, ..,,,.,,.,,,, ., .,.,,., ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,, , 866,3 100,0

Diseaaea ofheafi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:

295,6 34.1

Mallgnant neoplaems, Includlng neoplaame of

lymphatic and hematopoletic tissues. . . . , , ., , . . . ., , , ., . . . .

3

199.9 23.1

Cerebrovaacular dlseasea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

56.6

Accidents andadverse effete.,,,,,, ,,, ,,, ,, .,,,,,,,.,,, 38,3 2

.,. Motor vehicle accidents, ..,,,..,, ,, .,, , ., . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 2.2

,,, All other accidents and adverse effecte, , , , . . . . , , , , ., , , , , , ,

5

19.1 2.2

Chronic obstructive pulmonay dleeasee

andallled conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

34.0 3.9

Pneumonia andlnfluenza, ,, .,,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

30.8 3.6

Diabetes mellltue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 2.2

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, ,, .,.......,.,,,,

:

12.2 1.4

Chronlo llverdlaeaee andclrrhoeie. ,, ,,, ,,, , ...,....,,.,,,

10

10.8 1.2

Homlclde andlegal lntewention. ,., ,,, , .,, ,,, .,,.,,.,,,.,

11

9.2 1.1

Human immunodeficiency virus infection , , ., . . . . . . . . . . . , , , .,

12

1.0

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephmsls. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ;; 1,0

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E

7.8 0.9

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

7,8 0.9

Certain conditions originating In the pednatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11;: 1::;

f Rank basadcm numbsrof deatha; see Technical not=,

decreased between 1988 and 1989

(table C). These causes were Diseases

of heart; Cerebrovascular diseases;

Accidents and adverse effects; Pneumonia and influenza; Suicide; Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis; Nephritis,

nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis;

Atherosclerosis; and Septicemia. The

largest declines were for Atherosclerosis (15 percent); Septicemia (11 percent); and Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome, and nephrosis (8 percent),

The declines for Diseases of heart,

Cerebrovascular diseases, and Atherosclerosis are consistent with the generalIy downward trends observed since

1950. Accidents and adverse effects has

exhibited a general downward trend

since 1968, while Chronic liver disease

and cirrhosis has exhibited a downward

trend since 1973. Pneumonia and influenza declined, despite influenza epidemics in 1988 and 1989 (l). Pneumonia

and influenza, which declined from 1968

to 1978, has shown an upward trend

since the early 1980’s, marked by the

periodic effects of outbreaks that have

occurred each year (except 1987) since

1982. For the third consecutive year the

age-adjusted death rate for Suicide

declined slightIy. Septicemia decreased
6~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

400 f3“t-- 200

t

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100I

90 --

80

70

60 ● -

50

●*.-

3.0

t

2.0

ii:

0.8

0.7

0.6

0

0.5 +-~

0.4 ./

#/

0.3

0.2

0.1 I t 1 I !11

1950 1955

Revisions of the In!

Seventh

@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

@A

+\40 \ -,

b d+) , +.●.*#

,5_”22@.1’.

.

1

@

,/--*- ./”%”

LLLUdJJ

19ao 1965

national Classification of Diseaaes

Eighth

. . . . . ..==..... . . . . . . . .

●9. ●.*

●**

●* ●** ●***9..*

●✏

0

/“ ●

*

0“

1 11111 I I I 1

Ninth I

. . 0 . . =.=.=.... . . . . . . .

I

1111111, I I I

1970 1976 1980 1985 1990

01 Useases of hearf

o2 Mallgnant

neoolasms.

including

neoplasrns of

lymphatic and

hematopoietic

tissues

o3 cerebrovasc~la~

diseases

o4 Accidents and

adverse effects

o5 Chronic obstructive

rmfmonarv

hiseases knd

alfied conditions

o6 pnetjmoni~ and

influenza

o9 chronic liver

diseaae and

cirrhosis

@

Homicide and legal

intervention

oII Human immunodeficiency

virus infection

o12Nephritis,

nephrolic

syndrome, and

nephrosis

o13 Atherosclerosis

o14 Septicemia

Figure 4. Age-adjusted death rates for 14 of the 15 leading causes of death, United Statee, 1950-69
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~7

from 1988 to 1989 in contrast to the

upward trend since 1950.

Increases in the age-adjusted

death rates between 1988 and 1989

occurred for four of the leading causes

of death – Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues; Diabetes melIitus; Homicide and legal intervention;

and Human immunodeficiency virus

infection. The largest increase, 32 percent, was for HIV infection, which also

increased by 20 percent between 1987

and 1988. The age-adjusted death rate

for Diabetes mellitus increased by

14 percent between 1988 and 1989,

continuing the increase for the third

consecutive year. Diabetes mortality

decreased from the late 1960’s

throughout the 1970’s and remained at

a plateau through the early 1980’s. The

age-adjusted death rate for Homicide

and legal intervention increased by

4 percent between 1988 and 1989 but

is still 13 percent lower than the

record high of 1980. The age-adjusted

death rate for Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions

did not change between 1988 and

1989. Although there was a very large

increase in age-adjusted death rates

for Diabetes mellitus between 1988

and 1989 and a very large decrease for

Atherosclerosis, there are no known

reasons for these changes (2). They

may reflect, in part, changes in the way

in which physicians report causes of

death on the death certificate.

Mortality levels for each of the 15

leading causes of death were higher

for maIes than for females (table D).

The largest differentials were for HIV

infection, Suicide, and Homicide and

legal intervention. Specifically, the

age-adjusted death rate for HIV infection was 8.7 times as high for males as

for females; for Suicide, 4.1 times as

high; for Homicide and legal intervention, 3.6 times as high; and for Accidents and adverse effects the rate was

2.6 times as high for males as for

females. The smallest sex difference in

mortality was for Diabetes mellitus,

with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1.

For females the age-adjusted

death rate for all causes combined

decreased by 2 percent between 1988

and 1989. Decreases in rates occurred

for 10 of the leading causes of death –

Diseases of heart; Cerebrovascular

diseases; Pneumonia and influenza;

Accidents and adverse effects; Atherosclerosis; Septicemia Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis; Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis; Suicide;

and Homicide and legal intervention.

The decreases were offset, in part, by

increases in rates for three leading

causes of death —Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues;

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions; and Diabetes mellitus. Of the leading causes of

death, Diabetes mellitus had the

largest increase in mortality between

1988 and 1989 for women; the ageadjusted rate from this cause increased

12 percent. Increases in death rates

for females aged 25-34 years between

1988 and 1989 were primarily due to

increases for HIV infection; Accidents

and adverse effects (primarily Motor

vehicle accidents); and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues.

For males the age-adjusted death

rate for all causes declined by 3 percent be!sveen 1988 and 1989.

Decreases occurred in the rates for 10

of the leading causes of death- Diseases of heart; Accidents and adverse

effects; Cerebrovascr.dar diseases;

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions; Pneumonia and influenza; Suicide; Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis; Nephritis,

nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis;

Septicemia; and Atherosclerosis.

Increases in the age-adjusted death

rate occurred for Diabetes mellitus,

Homicide and legal intervention, and

HIV infection. For males the largest

increase was for HIV infection

(31 percent). In contrast to 1988,

when the age-adjusted death rate for

Motor vehicle accidents increased for

both sexes, between 1988 and 1989 the

rate decreased for both sexes.

Increases in death rates for males aged

25–34 years between 1988 and 1989

were primarily due to increases for

HIV infection and Homicide and legal

intervention.

Mortality was higher for the black

population than for the white population for most of the leading causes

(table D). The largest differential was

for Homicide and legal intervention,

for which the age-adjusted death rate

for the black population was 6.6 times

that of the white population. Other

causes for which the differential was

large include HIV infection (3.3);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis (3,1); Septicemia (2.7); and

Table D. Ratio of age-adjusted deeth rates for the 15 ieading causea of death by sex and

race: United States, 1989

mm of–

Rankl Cause of death, race, and sex (Ninth Revision Male to Black to

order International Classification of Oiaeases, 1975) female tiita

. . . Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.72 1,58

1 OLseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.87 1.43

2 Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoletic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45

3

1.33

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16 1.89

4 Accidents andadverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.62 1.30

.,. Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.39 0.97

. . . All other accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.99

5

1.75

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied condtiions. . . . . . . 1,80

6

0.84

Pneumonia and influenza. ..,...,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.67

7

1.52

Oiabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.OS

8

2.30

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13

9

0.59

Chronic llverdisease and cirrhosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

2.33 1.67

Homicide andlegal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

3.59 6.61

Human immuncdeficiency virus infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

8.72 3.2?

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6s

13

3.08

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14 septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.31 1.03

15

1.33 2.67

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal perlod2 , . . . . . . . , . . . 1.21 2.93

‘Rank based on number of deaths; sae Technical notes.

z[n~much as deaths from these causes occur mainiy among infants, ratios are based On infant Mortelily rat.ss rathSr than

age.adjusted death rates,
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

Diabetes mellitus (2.3). Age-adjusted

rates for the black population were

lower than those for the white population for two leading causes of death –

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions and Suicide.

For the white population decreases in

age-adjusted rates occurred in nine

leading causes of death. The largest

decreases were for Atherosclerosis

(12 percent); Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis (10 percent); Diseases of heart (7 percent); and

Cerebrovascular diseases (6 percent). Of

the leading causes that increased for the

white population, the largest increase was

for HIV infection (32 percent). Other

increases were for Diabetes mellitus

(14 percent) and Homicide and legal

intervention (2 percent). Age-adjusted

rates for Chronic obstructive pulmona~

diseases and allied conditions were the

same in 1988 and 1989.

For the black population ageadjusted death rates were lower in

1989 than in 1988 for several of the

leading causes, including Atherosclerosis (18 percent), Septicemia (8 percent), Diseases of heart and

Cerebrovascular diseases (5 percent

each), and Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis (4 percent). Of the leading

causes that increased for the black

population, the largest increase was

for HIV infection (28 percent). Other

increases were for Diabetes mellitus

(12 percent), Homicide and legal

intervention (5 percent), and Suicide

(4 percent). Between 1988 and 1989

the age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms

of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, increased slightly for both the

black and white populations (less than

1 percent each). The age-adjusted

rate for Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions did

not change between 1988 and 1989.

Major causes of death contributing to

the widening differential in mortaliq

between the black and white populations

between 1988 and 1989 were HIV infection; Homicide and legal intervention;

Diabetes mellitus; and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues. For these four

causes the increase in rates between

1988 and 1989 was smaller for the white

population than for the black population.

HIV infection

In 1989 there were 22,082 deaths

due to HIV infection, 33 percent more

than the 16,602 deaths recorded in

1988. Of these deaths, 64 percent

were for white males, 25 percent were

for black males, 6 percent were for

black females, and 4 percent were for

white females (table 14). The largest

numbers for both males and females

were for age groups 25–34 and 35–44

years. Although the numbers of deaths

were greatest for white males, the ageadjusted death rates and almost all agespecillc death rates were highest for black

males, followed by white males, black

females, and white females.

Overall, HIV infection was ranked

as the 1lth leading cause of death in

1989 compared with 15th in 1987 and

1988. For the black population it

ranked ninth in 1989, but for the white

population it did not rank among the

10 leading causes of death. For males

of all races combined HIV infection

was the eighth leading cause of death,

while for females it did not rank

among the 10 leading causes.

By age, HIV infection ranked

among the 10 leading causes for the

same four age groups in 1989 as in

1988. For ages 1-4 years HIV infection

increased in rank from 9th to 8th in

1989; for ages 15-24 years it was 6th in

both years; for ages 25-44 years it

increased from 4th to 3d; and for ages

45–64 years it ranked 10th in both

years. Although it was the eighth

leading cause for ages 14 years, the

number of deaths due to HIV infection was relatively small – 112 deaths,

or less than 2 percent of deaths from

all causes for that age group.

Hispanic deaths

Leading causes of death for all age

groups combined for the Hispanic population differ from those of the non-Hispanic

white population in an expanded

reporting area of 44 States and the District of Columbia (table 17). In 1988 the

reporting area included 26 States and the

District of Columbia. Although the hvo

leading causes of death – Diseases of

heart and Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues —are the same for both

groups, they accounted for almost threefifths of all deaths in 1988 for the nonHispanic white population but for only

two-fifths of the deaths for the Hispanic

population.

Of the major differences in leading

causes of death between the two

groups, 3 of the 10 leading causes for

the Hispanic population are not

among the 10 leading causes for the

non-Hispanic white population: Homicide and legal intervention (5th

leading cause), HIV infection (6th),

and Certain conditions originating in

the perinatal period (lOth). Conversely, the 3 leading causes for the

non-Hispanic white population not

among the 10 leading causes for the

Hispanic population were Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions (4th), Suicide (8th),

and Atherosclerosis (lOth).

Differences in ranking the leading

causes of death between the two population groups largely reflect differences

in age composition between the two

groups; within broad age groups leading

causes are similar. However, even within

age categories some differences exist.

Except for the age group 1-14 years,

where Hispanic and non-Hispanic

deaths from Homicide and legal intervention ranked the same, HIV infection

and Homicide and legal intervention

consistently ranked higher for the Hispanic population than for the nonHispanic white population for all age

groups under 65 years. Chronic liver

disease and cirrhosis also ranked higher

for the Hispanic population aged 45

years and over.

Drug-induced deaths

In 1989 a total of 10,710 persons

died of drug-induced causes in the

United States (table 18). The category

“drug-induced causes” includes not

only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of drugs (both legal and

illegal use) but also poisoning from

medically prescribed and other drugs;

it excludes accidents, homicides, and
~ Monthly Vital StatisticsReport. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ●.January 7,1992 ~9

other causes indirectly related to drug

use (for drug-induced causes see

“Technical notes”). The age-adjusted

death rate for drug-induced causes in

1989 was 4.1 deaths per 100,000 population, 2 percent Iower than the rate

for the previous year. The rate

increased by 32 percent from 1983 to

1989. The age-adjusted death rate for

drug-induced causes for maIes was 1.9

times the rate for females, and the rate

for the black population was 2.0 times

that for the white population.

Alcohol-induced deaths

In 1989 a total of 19,810 persons

died of alcohol-induced causes in the

United States (table 19). The category

alcohol-induced causes includes not

only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of alcohol but also accidental poisoning by alcohol; it excludes

accidents, homicides, and other causes

indirectly reIated to alcohol use (for

alcohol-induced causes see “Technical

notes”). The age-adjusted death rate

for alcohol-induced causes in 1989 was

7.2 deaths per 100,000 population,

higher than the rate of 7.0 for the

previous year. The rate decreased by

20 percent from 1980 to 1986 and then

increased by 7 percent from 1986 to

1989. The age-adjusted death rate for

alcohol-induced causes for males was

3.4 times the rate for females, and the

rate for the black population was 2.7

times the rate for the white

population.

Maritai status

About 90 percent of the persons

who died in 1989 had been married

(table 20). The proportion was Iarger

for females (92 percent) than for

males (88 percent) and for the white

population (91 percent) than for the

b~ack population (82 percent). The

proportion who were widowed at the

time of death was considerably greater

for women (58 percent) than for men

(18 percent) but about the same for

both major race groups: 38 percent of

the white population and 34 percent

of the black population.

Educational attainment

About 60 percent of the persons

who died in 1989 had compIeted high

school in a 21-State reporting area

(table 21). The percent was about the

same for males (60 percent) and

females (61 percent) but was higher

for the white population (62 percent)

than for the black population (48 percent). While a near-equal proportion

of white males (61 percent) and white

females (62 percent) who died in 1989

had completed high school, the proportion who had completed 4 years of

college was larger for white males

(14 percent) than for white females

(10 percent). In contrast, though nearequal proportions of black males and

black females had completed high

school (48 percent each), slightly

more black females (6 percent) than

black males (5 percent) had completed 4 years of coI1ege at the time of

death.

infant mortality

A change in the tabulation by race

of Iive births beginning with data for

1989 affects infant mortality rates by

race, because counts of live births

comprise the denominator of infant

mortality rates. The tabulation of race

for live births changed from race of

child to race of mother. As a result,

infant mortality rates by race for 1989

are not comparable with those of previous years. In general, changing the

basis for tabulating birth data from

race of child to race of mother results

in more white births and fewer black

births and births of other races. Therefore, infant mortality rates under the

new classification tend to be Iower for

white infants and higher for black

infants and infants of other races than

they are when computed based on live

births tabulated by race of child (see

“Technical notes”).

To facilitate comparison with past

years’ data and analysis of current patterns, key tabulations and text analysis

in this and other reports from the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS) for 1989 and 1990 infant mortality will show data computed on the

basis of live births tabulated by race of

mother and race of child. This wilI

make it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change in tabulation

from real changes in the data. Accordingly, rates for 1989 are presented in

figure 5 and tabIe 22 by both methods

of tabulating race of live births. In this

report the discussions of changes in

various measures between 1989 and

previous years are based on measures

computed by race of child. Text references to white and bIack infant mortaIity for 1989 only refer to rates with

Iive births tabulated according to race

of mother (table E).

Table E. Infant,neonatal, and postneonatel deaths and mortality rates by race and sex: United States, 1989

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days-11 months) deaths per 100,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in

1989, race for Ifve births is tabulated according to race of mother see Technical notes]

Infant Neonatal PcM7eor7afa/

Race and sex Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Allracasl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,655 981.3 25,166 622.8 14,487

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

358.5

22,361 1080.5 14,059 679.3 8,302

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

401.2

17,294 877.2 11,109 563.5 6,185 313.7

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,794 806.0 16,428 514.6 9,366

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

293.4

14,780 901.3 9,273 566.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,487 335.1

11,034 709.7 7,155 460.2 3,879 249.5

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,527 1661.0 8,021 1191.6 4,506 669.4

Male. . ., .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,842 2002.2 4,387 1283.8 2,455 7i8.4

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,685 1715.4 3,634 1096.5 2,051 618.9

~lncludes races othar than white and black.
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

80

70

60

F 1

80

70

60

50 l-- --l 50

t

●✎☛✎✌ ✎ Black “ “..., ..” “.. ..”

. . .../ ... /...

. . . .

40 . .

..

“.

“.+

..

‘.

30 L

-.

‘.

...

‘. -

i

40

8

Illilll illlllllllillllll Iliilllllllll

30

1950 1970 1980 1990-

NOTE: lnfantdaaths amcl-sllm ~mcmo!ds.ntint. B.@nlnoln 1w9,1w@ bltihsare clMsifltiby

racool mothtc from 1950-S9. byrlcc ot child: $se Technical notes.

Figure 5. Infant mortality rates by race United Statea, 1950-89

In 1989 there were 39,655 deaths

of infants under 1 year of age

(table E) compared with 38,910 in the

previous year. The infant mortaliq

rate of 9.8 infant deaths per 1,000 live

births was the lowest final rate ever

recorded for the United States; it compares with a rate of 10.0 for the previous year. In 1989 the infant mortality

rate for the white population was 8.1

compared with 18.6 for the black population. These rates are computed

using live births tabulated according to

race of mother. Based on the race-ofchild tabulation for iive births, among

white infants the rate in 1989 (8.2) was

4 percent lower than the rate from the

previous year (8.5), while for black

infants the difference in the rate was

not statistically significant (17.7 in 1989

compared with 17.6 in 1988).

Because the rate for black infants

has declined more slowly than that for

white infants, the difference in mortality rates between black and white

infants has been widening since the

mid-1970’s. In 1989 the rate for black

infants (18.6) was 2.3 times the rate for

white infants (8.1), based on live births

by race of mother, The ratio of blackto-white infant mortality was 2.2 in

1989 when based on a tabulation of

live births according to race of child,

an increase from the ratio of 2.1 for

1987 and 1988. The ratio has increased

since the early 1970’s when it was 1.8.

The downward trend in infant mortality has slowed since 1981 for the

black population, For white infants, ~

prior to the 4-percent decline between

1988 and 1989, the rate of decline had

slowed since the late 1970’s.

Between 1988 and 1989 the neonatal mortality rate declined by 2 percent, from 6.3 to 6.2 deaths for infants

under 28 days per 1,000 iive births. In

1989 the rate was 5.1 for the white

population and 11,9 for the black population, based on live births by race of

mother. Based on the race-of-child classification for live births, the rate for

white infants was 4 percent lower than

the rate for the previous year (5.2 and

5.4, respectively), while for black infants

the difference between the 2 years was

not statistically significant (11,3 for 1989

compared with 11.5 for 1988). Neonatal

mortality rates have declined since 1960

for both races, but the rate for the white

population has declined faster than that

for the black population–an average

annual decrease of 4 percent per year

for white infants compared with 3 percent for black infants.

The postneonatal mortality rate –

deaths to infants 28 days–11 months

per 1,000 live births–for 1989 was 3,6

for the fourth consecutive year. Based

on live births classified by race of

mother, the rate was 2.9 for the white

population and 6.7 for the black population. Based on the race-of-child classification for live births, the rate for

white infants was 3,0, This was 3 percent lower than the rate of 3,1, which

has remained constant for 1986-88.

The difference in the rate for black

infants between 1988 and 1989 was not

statistically significant (6.4 in 1989

compared with 6.2 in 1988), nor was it

significant between the 2 previous

years. This contrasts with the historical

trend of more rapid declines in postneonatal mortality for the black than

for the white population. From 1960 to

1988 postneonatal mortality declined

by an average of 3 percent per year for

black infants compared with 2 percent

for white infants,

The ranking of the ieading causes of

infant death did not change between 1988

and 1989.Among the 10 leading causes of

infant death, the first 4 causes- Congenital anomalies, Sudden infant death syndrome, Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweightj
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~11

and Respiratory distress syndrome – accounted for just over half (54 percent)

of all infant deaths in 1989; and the

remaining 6 causes accounted for only

15 percent of all infant deaths.

Between 1988 and 1989 the infant

mortality rate decreased for 5 of the 10

leading causes of infant death and

increased for the other 5 causes. The

largest decreases were for Intrauterine

hypoxia and birth asphyxia (10 percent)

and Pneumonia and influenza and Congenital anomalies (4 percent each). The

largest increases were for Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight (16 percent); Respiratory distress syndrome (10 percent);

and Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy and Newborn

affected by complications of placenta,

cord and membranes (5 percent each).

Differences between infant mortality rates for white and black infants

by cause are reflected in differences in

ranking of the leading causes of infant

death, as well as in differences in

cause-specific infant mortality rates.

Congenital anomalies was the leading

cause of death for white infants, followed by Sudden infant death syndrome, Respirato~ distress syndrome,

and Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight.

Together these four causes accounted

for 56 percent of white infant deaths.

In contrast Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight was the leading cause of death

for black infants, followed by Sudden

infant death syndrome, Congenital

anomalies, and Respiratory distress

syndrome. Together these four causes

accounted for 49 percent of all black

infant deaths.

Although the difference between

black and white infant mortality rates

varied by cause, the risk was higher for

black than for white infants for all the

leading causes. Expressed as the ratio

of the infant mortali~ rate for black

infants to that for white infants, the

leading causes are ranked, beginning

with the highest ratio, as Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight (4.5); Accidents

and adverse effects (2.6); Pneumonia

and influenza, Newborn affected by

maternal complications of pregnancy,

and Infections specific to the perinataI

period (2.5); Respirato~ distress syndrome and Intrauterine hypoxia and

birth asphyxia (2.3); Sudden infant

death syndrome and Newborn affected

by complications of placenta, cord and

membranes (2.0); and Congenital

anomalies (1.1).

Taken together 3 of the 10 leading

causes of infant death accounted for

41 percent of the difference between

black and white infant mortality rates

in 1989. These three causes were Disorders relating to short gestation and

unspecified low birthweight (20 percent), Sudden infant death syndrome

(12 percent), and Respiratory distress

syndrome (9 percent).

Hispanic infant mortaliy – The

infantmortality rate was 8.5 deaths to

infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live

births for the Hispanic population in a

reporting area of 43 States and the District of Columbia. This was 8 percent

higher than the rate of 7.9 for the nonHispanic white population (table 26).

Among specified subgroups of the Hispanic population, the infant mortality

rate for Mexican infants was 7.9 deaths

to infants under 1 year of age per 1,000

live births, 9.6 for Puerto Rican infants,

and 7.4 for Cuban infants. Infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin

and race for non-Hispanic origin for the

43-State area may be somewhat understated (see “Technical notes”).

Maternal mortality

In 1989 a total of 320 women were

reported to have died of maternal

causes (table F) compared with 330 in

1988. As in previous years, the number

does not include all deaths occurring

to pregnant women but only to those

assigned to Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

(ICD-9 Nos. 630-676). The maternal

mortality rate for 1989was 7,9 deaths per

100,000livebirths compared with a rate of

8.4 in 1988, The difference in the rate

between the 2 years was not statistically

significant. The rates for 1988 and 1989

were higher than the record low rate of

6.6 recorded in 1987.From 1960 to 1982

the maternal mortality rate declined

Table F. Maternal deaths and matsrnal

mortality ratea by race: United States, 1989

[Maternaldeathsare those assignedto

Complicationsof pregnancy,chlldbkth,and the

puerperium,categorynumbers630-676 ofthe Nirritr

Revision International Claeeir4catkvr of Diseases,

1975. Ratesper 100,000 live birthsin specified

group. Beginningin 1969, race for live bkths is

tabulatedaccordingto race of mothec see Technical

notes]

Race Number Rate

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 7.9

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f 80

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 1;

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 18,4

nearly fivefold, from 37.1 in 1960 to 7.9 in

1982. Since 1982 the rate has fluctuated, showing no cIear trend.

Black women have a higher risk of

maternal death than do white women.

In 1989 the maternal mortality rate for

black women was 18.4, 3.3 times the

rate of 5.6 for white women (based on

live births tabulated by race of

mother). In 1960 black women were

4.0 times as likely as white women to

die of maternal causes. The change in

the classification of race for live births

beginning with data for 1989 affects

maternal mortality rates by race as it

does infant mortality rates, because

counts of live births comprise the

denominator of maternal mortality

rates (see “Technical notes”).

Report of autopsy

For 1989 all States requested information on the death certificate as to

whether autopsies were performed. They

were reported as performed on 247,251

deaths, or 11.5 percent of the deaths that

occurred in 1989, a reduction from the

11.6 percent repted for the previous

year (table 28). This continues the downward trend in the percent of deaths

autopsied. The percent autopsied for all

causes of death combined is heavily influenced by the low rates for the three

leading causes of death – Diseases of

heart (8 percent); Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues (4 pereent); and

Cerebrovascular diseases (4 percent),

Among the 15 leading causes of death,

the highest percents reported were for

traumatic causes, that is, Homicide and

legal intervention (97 pereent), Suicide
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

(56 percent), and Accidents and

adverse effects (51 percent). For nontraumatic causes the highest percents

were for Certain conditions originating

in the pennatal period (23 percent),

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

(18 percent), and HIV infection

(11 percent).

References

10

2.

3.

4.

5.

Centers for Disease Control. Morbidity

and mortality weekly report; VOI39 no

10. Washington: Public Health Service.

1990.

National Institutes of Health, National

Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseasev National Institute of Diabetes,

Digestive and Kidney Diseases National

Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Centers for Disease Control, Center for

Chronic Disease Prevention and Health

Promotion; and Health Care Financing

Administration, Office of Research and

Demonstrations Personal communication. 1990.

Tolson GC, Barnes JM, Gay GA, Kowaleski JL. The 1989 revision of the U.S.

standard certificates and reports.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 4(28). 1991.

World Health Organization. Manual of

the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and @uses

of Death, based on the recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975. Geneva: World Health

Organization. 1977.

Klebba AJ, Scott JH. Estimates of

selected comparability ratios based on

dual coding of 1976 death certificates by

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

the Eighth and Ninth Revisions of the

International Classification of Diseases.

Monthly vital statistics reporq vol 28 no

11, suppl, Hyattsville, Maryland: Public

Health Service. 1980.

Klebba AJ, Dolman AB. Comparability

of mortality statistics for the Seventh and

Eighth Revisions of the International

Classification of Diseases, United States.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 2(66). 1975.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Comparability of mortality statistics for

the Sixth and Seventh Revisions,

United States, 1958. Vital Statistics – Special Reports; vol 51 no 4.

Washington: Public Health Service.

1965,

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, instructions for classifying the underlying cause of death.

NCHS instruction manual; part 2a.

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health

Service. Published annually.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality sta13.

14.

15.

16.

sex, and race, 1989. Current population

reports; series P-25, no 1057. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce.

1990.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. State population and household estimates, with

age, sex, and components of change,

1989. Current population reports;

series P-25, no 1058. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1990.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Preliminary estimates of the population of the

United States, by age, sex, and race,

1970-81. Current population reports;

series P-25, no 917. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1982.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Estimates

of population of the United States, by

age, sex, and race, 1980-84. Current

population reports; series P-25, no 965.

Washington: U.S. Departmlmt of Commerce. 1985,

National Center for Health Statistics,

Advance report of final natality statistics, 1989, Monthly vital statistics

report VOI40 no 8, suppl. Hyattsville,

tistics. 1984. Monthlv vital statistics ~arvland: Public Health Service. 1991.

.

f 17, at(onal Center for Health Statistics. report; VOI35 no 6, suppl. 2. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. d Vital statistics of the United States,

1986. -

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1985. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI36 no 5, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1987.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1986. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI37 no 6, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1988.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. United

States population estimates, by age,

18.

19.

1988, vol II, mortality, part A. Washington: Public Health Service. 1991.

Sirken MG. Comparison of two

methods of constructing abridged life

tables by reference to a “standard”

table, National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(4), 1966.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1980 Census

of population. Persons of Spanish origin

by State, 1980. Supplementary report;

PC80-S1-7. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repott ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992

List of detailed tables

1. Deaths, death rates, and age2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

adjusted death rates, by race and

sex United States, 1940, 1950,

1960, 1970, and 1975-89 . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates, by age,

race, and sex United States,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abridged life table for the total

population, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Life expectancy at birth by race

and sex United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, and 1970-89 . . . . . . .

Age-specific and age-adjusted

death rates for the 15 leading

causes in 1989 and selected

componentx United States, 1979,

1988, and 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for the

10 leading causes of death in

specified race-sex groups: United

States, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for the

10 leading causes of death in

specified age groups: United

States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths from 72 selected causes

by age: United States, 1989 . . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by age: United States,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Deaths from 72 selected causes

by race and sex United States,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. Death rates for 72 selected

causes by race and sex United

States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12. Age-adjusted death rates for 72

13,

selected causes by race and sex

United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates from 16

selected subcategories of Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissu+ by race and

sex United States, 1989 . . . . . . . .

14.

14

15.

15

16

16.

16

17 17.

20

18.

21

22 19.

24

20.

26

21.

28

30

22.

23.

32

Deaths and death rates by 10-year

age groups and age-adjusted death

rates for Human immunodeficiency virus infection, by race

and sex United States, 1988-89. . .

Deaths and death rates for

major causes of death for the

United States, each division,

and Statq and by race and sex

forthe United States, 1989 ... .

Deaths by age according to

specified Hispanic origin, race

for non-Hispanic origin, and

sex Total of 44 reporting States

and the District of Columbia,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths for the 10 leading

causes of death for Hispanic

and white non-Hispanic origin,

for specified age groups: Total

of 44 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1989 . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for drug-induced causes, by

race and sex United States,

1979-89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for alcohol-induced causes

by race and sex United States,

1979-89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution

of deaths for ages 15 years and

over, by maritaI status, race and

sex United States, 1989. . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution

of deaths for ages 15 years and

over, by educational attainment,

race and sex Total of 21

reporting States, 1989 . . . . . . . . .

Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal

mortality rates, by race and sex

United States, 1940, 1950, 1960,

1970, and 1975+9 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and infant

mortality rates for 61 selected

causes bv race: United States,

1989 . ..1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Deaths under 1 year and infant

33

25,

34

26.

36

27.

37

28.

39

39

40 ‘--

. . .

0.0

40

*

41

mortality rates“ for the 10

leading causes of infant death:

United States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . .

Total deaths and death rates,

and infant and neonatal deaths

and mortality rates for the

United States, each division,

and Statq and by race and sex

forthe United States, 1989 . . . .

Infan~ neonatal, and postneonatal

deaths and mortality rates, by

specified Hispanic origin and race

for non-Hispanic origin: Total of

43 reporting States and the Distxict

of Colurnbi% 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maternal deaths and maternal

mortality rates for selected

causes by race: United States,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of autopsies and

percent of deaths for which

autopsies were reported for 15

leading causes of death: United

States, 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

44

45

46

46

47

Symbols

Data not available

Category not applicable

Quantity zero

Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 deaths in

numerator or denominator)
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

Table 1. Deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex: United Stataa, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-69

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group, Rates are based on populatlona enumerated as of April 1 for census yeara and estimated aa of July 1 for all other

years. Beginning 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidenta of the United Statea]

All other

A// races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Year sexes Male Female sexes Ma/a Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1989 . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . .

1987, . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . .

1984. ,. . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . .

1977. ..,....

1976 . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . .

1989. .,,....

1966. ..,....

1987 . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . .

1961 . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . .

1976, . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . .

1960, . . . . . . .

1950, . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . .

2,150,466

2,167,999

2,123,323

2,105,361

2,086,440

2,039,369

2,019,201

1,974,797

1,977,981

1,989,841

1,913,641

1,927,768

1,899,597

1,909,440

1,892,879

1,921,031

1,711,982

1,452,454

1,417,289

866.3

882.0

872.4

873.2

873.9

862.3

862.8

852.0

862.4

878.3

852.2

868.0

864.4

877.6

878.5

945.3

954.7

963.8

1,076.4

523.0

535.5

535.5

541.7

546.1

545.9

550.5

553.8

568.2

585.8

577.0

595.0

602.1

618.5

630.4

714,3

760.9

841.5

1,076.1

1,114,190

1,125,540

1,107,958

1,104,005

1,097,756

1,076,514

1,071,923

1,056,440

1,063,772

1,075,078

1,044,959

1,055,290

1,048,243

1,051,983

1,050,819

1,078,478

975,646

827,749

791,003

921.0

940.0

934.7

940.7

945.0

935.9

942.6

938.0

954.5

976.9

957.5

977.5

978.9

993.8

i ,002.0

1,090.3

1,104.5

1,106.1

1,197.4

678.7

696.7

698.6

709.1

716.8

716,7

725.3

733,1

753.3

777.2

768,6

791,4

801.3

820.9

837.2

931,6

949.3

1,001.6

1.213.0

1,036,276

1,042,459

1,015,365

1,001,356

988,662

962,855

947,278

918,357

914,208

914,7s3

868,882

872,498

853,354

857,457

842,060

642,553

736,334

624,705

626,266

614.3

826.9

813.1

609.3

806.6

792.7

787.4

770.7

775.4

765.3

752,7

764.5

756.0

767.6

761,4

807.8

809.2

623.5

954.6

395.3

404.4

403.3

406.6

409.4

409.6

411.5

411.2

420.4

432.6

423.1

437.4

441.8

455.0

462.5

532.5

590.6

686.4

936.9

1,853,841

1,876.906

1,843,067

1,831,063

1,619,054

1,761,897

1,765,582

1,729,085

1,731,233

1,738,607

1,676,145

1,689,722

1,664,100

1,674,989

1,660,366

1,682,096

1,505,335

1,276,065

1,231,223

867.2

905.1

895.5

696.2

887.1

685.2

864.6

872.9

880.3

892.5

865.2

880.2

874.6

887.7

866.9

946.3

947.8

945.7

1,041.5

496.1

509.8

511.1

516.0

523.1

523.6

526.0

531.8

544.6

559.4

551.9

569.5

575.7

591.3

602.2

679.6

727,0

800.4

1,017.2

950,852

965,419

953,382

952,554

950,455

934;529

831,779

919,239

925,490

933,878

910,137

920,123

912,670

918,589

917,604

942,437

860,657

731,366

690,901

930.2

952.2

947.8

954.4

960.0

951.1

957.4

851.8

965.1

883.3

963.3

962.7

983.0

997.3

1,004.1

1,066.7

1,098.5

1,069.6

1,162.2

Number

902,989 296,625

911,487 291,093

889,685 280,256

876,529 274,278

866,599 267,386

847,368 257,472

833,803 253,619

809,846 245,712

805,743 246,748

ao4,729 251,234

766,008 237,696

769,599 238,086

751,430 235,497

756,400 234,451

742,562 232,513

739,659 236,935

644,478 206,647

544,719 176,369

540,322 186,046

Daath rate

646.0 755,2

660.0 757.5

845.5 745.8

640.7 745.6

837.1 743.3

822.3 731.5

815.3 738.6

797.9 728.9

799.6 755.0

806.1 791.7

771.6 771,0

782.7 790.0

771.3 798,6

783.1 alz.i

775.1 823.1

612.6 938.4

600.9 1,008.5

803.3 1,119.4

919.4 1,362.8

Age-adjusted death rate 1

844.2 374.9 684.8

664.3 384.4 692.5

666.2 384.1 688.0

679.6 387.7 693.1

6a6.7 390.6 697a

689.9 391.3 694.5

698.4 392.7 703.1

706.0 393.3 704.6

724.4 401.4 732.6

745.3 411.1 774.2

738.4 402.5 757.1

761.1 416.4 760.0

770.6 419.6 796.7

789.3 432.5 616.5

804.3 439.0 640.6

893.4 501.7 983.4

817.7 555.0 1,046.1

863.1 645.0 1,225.7

1,155.1 879.0 1,634.7

163,338

160,121

154,576

151,451

147,303

141,985

140,144

137,201

138,282

141,200

135,822

135,167

133,573

133,394

133,015

13a,04i

114,791

96,383

100,102

870.8

872.7

861.5

a62.7

658.6

846.4

a54.9

a54.8

889.4

936.5

920.3

943.2

951.7

969.6

987.6

1,115.9

1,152.0

1,251.1

1,513.7

896.4

904.3

898,1

905.7

910.4

904.4

916.3

928.4

964.3

1,015.1

994.8

1,021,0

1,036.1

1,063.4

1,090.1

1,231.4

1,211.0

1,358.5

1,754.4

133,287

130,972

125,660

122,827

120,063

115,467

113,475

108,511

108,466

110,034

102,874

102,899

101,924

101,057

99,496

102,894

91,856

79,986

85,944

649.5

652.2

640.0

638.8

636.1

627.0

629.2

614.5

633.0

660.6

635.7

651.0

659.6

668.6

673.1

775.3

672.6

983.5

1,256.2

515.0

523.5

520.1

524.0

530.0

529.0

535.2

529.3

549.3

582.6

566.9

585.8

801.8

616.3

634.5

770.8

893.3

1,095.7

1,504.7

267,642

264,019

254,814

250,326

244,207

235,864

233,124

226,513

228,560

233,135

220,618

221,340

220,076

219,442

217,932

226,647

196,010

169,606

178,743

872.9

674.2

856.9

654.2

845.7

628.5

630.5

619.2

841.7

675.4

839.3

855.1

864.0

875.0

682.5

999.3

1,038.6

. . .

. . .

783.1

788.8

778.6

781.0

779.9

771.9

777.9

776.7

803.9

842.5

812.1

831.6

849.3

870.5

890.6

1,044.0

1,073.3

. . .

. . .

146,393

144,228

139,651

137,214

133,610

129,147

127,911

125,610

127,296

130,138

124,433

124,663

123,894

123,977

123,770

127,540

107,701

92,004

95,517

1,006.5

1,006.6

969.5

987.7

976.8

958.1

963.31

960.4

991.6

1,034.1

999.6

1,016.&l

1,026.0

1,041.6

1,055.4

1,186.6

1,181.7

. . .

..,.

1,032.!

1,037.[1

1,023.2!

1,026.9

1,024.0

1,011.7’

1,019.6

i ,035.()

1,067.7

1,112.8

1,073.3

1,093.9

1,112.1

1,136.3

1,163.()

1,316.6

1,246.”1

. . .

. . .

121,242

119,791

115,263

113,112

110,597

106,737

105,213

100,903

101,264

102,997

96,385

96,677

96,162

95,465

94,162

98,107

88,309

77,602

63,226

752.4

754.5

737.3

733.9

727,7

712.0

711.2

692.4

707.3

733.3

695.3

709.5

718.0

724.5

726.1

829.2

905.0

. . .

-..

585.6

593.1

566.2

568.2

589.1

565.3

590.4

581.4

599.1

631.1

605.0

622.7

639.6

654.5

670.6

614.4

916.9

. . .

. . .

I For method of computation, see Technical notes.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~15

Table 2. Deaths and death rates, by age, race, and sex United States, 1989

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group],

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Age sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Mafe Female sexes Male Female

Alleges . . . . . . . . .

Under l year . . . . . .

l-4yeare . . . . . . . .

5-9years . . . . . . . .

10-14 years. . . . . . .

l&19years. . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . . . . .

25-29 yeara. . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . .

40-44 years .,.....

45-49 years. . . . . . .

50-54 years. . . . . . .

55-59 years. . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . .

65-69 years. . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . .

75-79 years .,.....

80-64 years . . . . . . .

85 yeara and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . .

Allagesl . . . . . . . . .

Under 1 year2 . . . . .

l-4years . . . . . . . .

5-9years . . . . . . . .

10-14 years. . . . . . .

15-19 years. . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . . . . .

25-29 years. . . . . . .

30-34 years, . . . . . .

35-39 years. . . . . . .

40-44 years, . . . . . .

45-49 years. . . . . . .

50-54 years. . . . . . .

55-59 years. . . . . . .

60-64 years. . . . . . .

6%69years. . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . .

75-79 yeara. . . . . . .

80-64 years . . . . . . .

85 years and over. . .

2,150,466

39,655

7,292

4,313

4,601

15,570

20,918

26,930

33,594

37,862

43,057

50,857

67,409

101,474

158,564

219,097

262,127

301,225

297,981

457,358

562

866.3

1,005.2

49.2

23.7

27.1

87.4

111.8

124.1

151.8

193.0

255.0

376.1

592.6

946.1

1,459.3

2,154.3

3,271.7

4,863.0

7,693,1

15,034.8

1,114,160

22,361

4,110

2,510

2,914

11,283

15,602

19,932

24,222

26,742

28,566

32,716

42,105

62,981

96,628

129,647

146,559

157,060

135,560

149,735

405

921.0

1,107.0

54.2

26.9

33.5

123.9

169.7

163.5

218.6

274,8

344.7

495.7

764.3

1,229.9

1,902.5

2,803.9

4,288.7

6,566.6

10,361.3

17.615.9

1,036,276

17,294

3,162

1,803

1,667

4,307

5,016

6,998

9,372

11,120

14,471

18,139

25,304

36,493

61,956

89,250

113,568

144,135

162,401

307,623

157

814.3

896.4

44,0

20.3

20.4

49.4

53.7

64.6

84.6

112.4

168.5

262.1

431.4

686.6

1,070.4

1,611.6

2,496.5

3,951.1

6,705,2

14,033.9

1,853,641

25,794

5,133

3,167

3,467

11,945

15,232

19,514

23,676

26,685

32,046

36,963

52,670

62,414

133,021

187,834

230,704

266,221

270,862

421,669

364

667.2

615.5

43.2

21.8

25.5

83.3

99.2

107.8

128.6

161,7

220.2

333.8

536.1

865.2

1,390.1

2,060.3

3,207.3

4,939,6

7,946.1

15.272.3

950,652

14,760

2,910

1,864

2,211

8,450

11,560

14,640

17,498

19,234

21,376

25,166

32,966

51,499

81,919

112,194

131,599

140,663

123,249

136,813

261

930.2

909.4

47.8

24.8

31.7

115.3

149.5

160.1

166.4

230.6

295.7

437.1

686.1

1,149.5

1,621.2

2,716.6

4,217.9

6,551.6

10,365.8

17.978.1

Number

902,969

11,034

2,223

1,323

1,256

3,495

3,672

4,674

6,378

7,651

10,670

13,797

19,704

30,915

51,102

75,640

99,105

127,556

147,633

264,656

103

Rate

846.0

716.0

36.4

16.6

19.0

49,8

46.1

54.4

69.5

92.4

145.7

233.3

394.2

640.1

1,007.7

1,544.0

2,432.6

3,686.6

6,650.1

!4.242.8

296,825

13,661

2,159

1,128

1,134

3,625

5,686

7,416

9,718

10,977

11,011

11,894

14,739

19,05a

25,563

31,263

31,423

33,004

27.099

163,338

7,601

1,200

646

703

2,813

4,342

5,292

6,724

7,506

7,210

7,552

9,139

11,462

14,709

17,653

16,960

16,427

12.331

35;689 12;922

176 124

755.2 870.6

1,772.5 1,914.6

73.9 80.8

31.4 35.6

33.6 41.0

104.5 159.5

170.1 265.2

206.2 307.1

272.4 397.2

366.4 540.5

472.4 677.6

643.3 895.8

929.3 1,271.1

1,346.0 1,791.3

1,969.4 2,531.7

2,740.0 3,516.5

3,636.6 4,930,2

5,473.3 6,902.1

6,495.0 10,539.3

12,700.7 14,519.1

133,287

6,260

959

480

481

812

1,344

2,124

2,994

3,469

3,601

4,342

5,600

7,578

10,654

13,610

14,463

16,577

14,768

22,767

54

649.5

1,626.0

66.8

27.2

26.0

47.6

78.8

113.3

159.7

216.0

300.0

431.6

645.2

977.6

1,511.7

2,129.9

3,044.8

4,541.6

7,347.3

11.857.6

267,642

12,527

1,830

953

967

3,120

5,037

6,665

8,947

10,050

10,025

10,761

13,329

17,258

23,262

28,452

28,507

29,815

24,205

31,725

167

672.9

2,023.7

60.6

34.0

36.1

113.1

160.0

236.5

326.1

444.7

560.6

772.8

1,009.9

1,546.4

2,247.5

3,106.1

4,312.7

6,134.8

9,455,1

13.442.6

146,393

6,642

1,021

559

603

2,456

3,646

4,772

6,203

6,936

6,563

6,657

8,317

10,446

13,340

16,031

15,209

14,555

10,644

11,056

115

1,006.5

2,179.0

88.4

39.3

1%

300.7

355.6

461.2

670.3

841.6

1,085.4

1,526.9

2,056.3

2,856.5

3,967.8

5,550.7

7,783.4

11,696.7

15.355.6

121,249

5,665

609

394

364

664

1,191

1,913

2,744

3,112

3,442

3,924

5,012

6,812

9,922

12,421

13,298

15,260

13.561

20;669

52

752.4

1,863.9

72.5

26.6

27.6

:::

128.8

168.6

254.0

364.2

510.3

738,1

1,120.4

1,749.9

2,411.8

3,445.1

5,103.7

6,2! 8.6

12,526.7

‘Figuresforage notstated are included in All ages but not dstrtbuted among age groups.

2Death rates “n~er T year (based on ~putat]on estimates) ddfer from infant mortahty rates (based on live bwlhs): aee lsbles Eand 22-26 fOr Infant mOrIaf,V rateS, andTechmcalflOfeS fOr further

dlacussion of the difference.
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992

Table 3. Abridged life table for the total population, 1989

[For explanation of the columns of the Me table, see section 6 of Vita/ Statistics of the United States, 1968, Volume 11]

Age interval

Propodion

dying Of 100,000 born alive

Period of life between two

exact agea stated in years

(1)

x tox+n

o-l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.540 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4!S-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6&85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-S5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85 andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Proportion of

persons alive

at beginning of

age interval

dying during

interva/

(2)

AIx

0.0099

0.0019

0.0012

0.0013

0.0043

0.0056

0.0062

0.0076

0.0097

0.0127

0.0186

0.0292

0.0463

0.0707

0.1026

0.1522

0.2235

0.3348

1.0000

Number Ilvlng Numberdylng

at beginning of during age

age irrferva/ interval

(3) (4)

lx #~

100,000 986

99,014 192

98,822 117

98,705 132

98,573 428

98,145 548

97,597 604

96,993 734

96,259 932

95,327 1,213

94,114 1,753

92,361 2,694

89,667 4,154

85,513 6,044

79,469 8,168

71,313 10,851

60,462 13,511

46,951 15,720

31,231 31,231

In this and all

/n the age subsequent age

interval intervals

(5) (6)

“1L T,

Averaga

remaining

lifetime

Avweganumber

of yaars of Iifa

remaining at

beginrrlng of age

interval

(7)

99,154

395,606

493,791

493,269

491,894

469,382

486,474

483,173

479,097

473,819

468,508

455,493

438,547

413,274

377,886

330,381

269,356

195,668

193,200

7,525,922

7,426,768

7,031,162

6,537,371

6,044,102

5,552,208

5,062,626

4,576,352

4,093,179

3,614,062

3,140,263

2,673,755

2,218,262

1,779,715

1,366,441

988,605

658,224

386,868

193,200

75,3

75.0

71.1

66.2

61.3

56.6

51.9

47.2

42,5

37.9

33.4

28.9

24.7

20.6

17.2

13.9

10.9

8.3

6.2

Table 4. Llfeexpectancy stbirthby race and aex: United States, 1940,1950,1960, and1970-S9

A// other

A// races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Year saxes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75.3

74.9

75.0

74.6

74.7

74.7

74.6

74.5

74.2

73.7

73,9

73.5

73,3

72,9

72.6

72.0

71.4

71.2

71.1

70.8

69.7

68.2

62.9

71.8

71.5

71.5

71.3

71.2

71.2

71.0

70.9

70.4

70.0

70.0

69.6

69,5

69.1

68.6

68,2

67.6

67.4

67.4

67.1

66.6

65.6

60.8

78.6 76.0

78.3 75.6

78.4 75.6

78.3 75.4

76.2 75.3

78.2 75.3

78.1 75.2

78.1 75<1

77.8 74.8

77.4 74,4

77.8 74,6

77.3 74,1

77.2 74,0

76.8 73.6

76.6 73.4

75.9 72.8

75.3 72.2

75.1 72.0

75.0 72.0

74.7 71.7

73.1 70.6

71.1 69.1

65.2 84.2

72.7 79.2 71.2

72.3 78.9 71.2

72.2 78.9 71.3

72.0 78.6 71.2

71.9 78.7 71.2

71,8 78.7 71.3

71.7 76.7 71.1

71.5 78.7 71.0

71.1 78.4 70.3

70.7 78.1 69.5

70.8 78.4 69.8

70.4 76.0 69.3

70,2 77.9 68.9

69.9 77.5 88.4

69.5 77.3 88.0

69.0 76.7 67.1

68.5 76.1 66.1

68.3 75.9 65,7

68.3 75.8 65.6

68.0 75.6 65.3

67.4 74.1 63.6

66.5 72.2 60.8

62.1 66.6 53.1

67.1

67.1

67.3

67.2

67.2

67,4

67.2

66.6

66.1

65,3

65.4

65.0

64.7

64.2

63.7

62.9

62.0

61.5

61.6

61.3

61.1

69.1

51.5

75.2 69.2

75.1 69.2

75.2 69.4

75.1 69.4

75,0 69.6

75.0 69.7

74.9 69.6

75.0 69.4

74.4 66.9

73.6 68.1

74.1 68.5

73.5 66.1

73.2 67.7

72.7 67.2

72.4 66.8

71.3 66.0

70.3 65.0

70.1 64.7

69.6 64.6

69.4 64.1

66.3 ---

62.9 ---

54.9 ---

64.6

64.9

65.2

65.2

65.3

65.6

65.4

65.1

64.5

63.6

64.0

63.7

83.4

62.9

62.4

61.7

60.9

60.4

60.5

60.0

. . .

. . .

. . .

73.5

73.4

73.6

73,5

73.5

73,7

73.6

73.7

73.2

72.5

72.9

72.4

72.0

71.6

71.3

70.3

69.3

69.1

66.9

66.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

I Deathsbasedon a 5C-percentsample
Table 5. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading cau~s in 1989 and seiected components: United States, 1979, 1988, and 1989

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preoeding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Age

Cause of death (Ninth Revision international

AgeAfl Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 76-84 85 years aoWsted

Classification of Dieeases, 1975) Year ages 1 1 year2 years years years years yeara years years years years anti over rate3

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart

~seaS8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390–398

Hypertensive heari diseaae. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410-414

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Angina pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms of

chronic iachemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . .412,414

Other diseases of endocardium. . . . . . . . . . . . ...424

All other fOrmS of heart disease . . . . . .415-423,425-429

Malignant neoplasms, Including rrsoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..140-208

Malignant neoplasma of lip, oral cavity, and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestiie organs

and peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

See feotnotesat endef table.

1989 888.3

1988 882.0

1979 –

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

18ss

1979

1989

1988

1979

1969

1986

1979

1989

198a

1979

1989

198s

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

19s8

1979

852.2

295.6

311.3

326.5

2.5

2.6

3.5

8.4

8.5

9.3

1.0

1.0

1.6

200.6

207.3

245.5

99.5

100.9

133.8

1.4

1.4

2.1

0.4

0.4

0.2

99.4

104.6

109.4

4.9

4.8

2.9

78.2

87.1

63.7

199.9

197.3

179.6

3.3

3.3

3.8

48.2

47.8

48.6

1,005.2

1,008.3

1,332.9

19.7

22.6

20.2

*

*

*

●

*

*

*

●

*

0.8

0.8

0.7

*

*

●

*

*

*

●

●

*

*

●

*

●

●

*

18.2

21.2

19.0

2.7

2.3

3.4

*

*

*

*

*

*

49.2

50.9

64.2

1.9

2.4

2.1

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

*

●

●

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

1.8

2.2

2.0

3.4

3.7

4.6

*

*

*

*

*

*

25.4

25.8

31.5

0.8

0.9

0.8

●

●

●

*

*

*

*

●

●

●

*

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

0.7

0.8

0.7

3.3

3.2

4.4

*

*

●

0. f

*

0.1

99.9

102.1

114.8

2.6

2.9

2.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

●

0.1

*

*

*

●

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

*

*

*

*

●

*

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

2.0

2.3

1.9

5.1

5.1

6.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

138.1

135.4

133.0

7.9

8.2

8.4

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

*

*

*

2.6

2.7

3.6

1.5

1.5

2.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

●

●

*

1.1

1.1

1.0

0.4

0.3

0,2

4.3

4.6

3.7

12.1

11.9

13.3

0.1

0.1

0.2

1.5

1.4

1.8

221.7

219.6

229.8

32.3

34.2

45.3

0.7

0.6

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.9

0.1

0.1

0.2

18.0

19.3

30.1

10.4

11.4

21.1

0.3

0.3

0.5

*

*

●

7.2

7.5

8.4

0.7

0.7

0.6

11.3

12.0

11.0

43.1

44.2

48.3

0.8

0.8

1.1

6.9

7.3

8.2

475.0

486.2

589.7

124.2

131.4

184.6

1.6

1.8

3.9

5.7

5.7

7.0

0.3

0.3

0.4

80.3

84.3

136.1

48,4

50.4

94.6

1.0

1.1

2.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

30.8

32.7

39.3

1.3

1.4

1.5

35.0

37.9

35,7

157.2

160.4

181.4

3.8

4.2

5.6

30.2

30.7

36.3

1,204.4

1,235.6

1,338.0

376.7

400.9

499.0

4.0

4.6

8.0

13.6

13.9

16.2

0.9

1.0

1.4

255.3

268.9

381.0

150,0

155.2

258.9

2.7

2.5

4.8

0.4

0.4

0.3

102.2

108.8

117.0

4.2

4.4

4.3

98.7

110.1

88.1

445.1

447.3

429.4

10.2

9.9

11.8

94.8

96.2

103.9

2,646.7

2,729.8

2,929.0

911.8

984.1

1,199.8

9.2

10.2

16.0

25.8

27.5

35.7

2.6

2.6

5.1

638.6

676.7

926.6

355.6

374.6

577.2

4.5

4.8

8.2

1.2

1.4

0.9

277.1

296.0

340.3

12.8

13.5

11.6

222.8

253.6

204.8

652,6

842.7

800.0

13.4

13.9

16,3

202.3

200.7

221.9

6,138.8

6,321.3

6,496.6

2,400.6

2,542.7

2,925.2

19.7

20.5

20.6

63.3

63,3

79.6

8.7

9.2

16.8

1,670.2

1,738.5

2,224.8

836.9

854.3

1,135.2

9.0

9.3

15.3

3.8

3.7

2.1

820.8

871.2

1,072.2

44.3

43.3

27.5

594.3

667.9

555.9

1,338.1

1,313,3

1,207.6

15.7

16.6

18.1

360.8

357.2

386.7

15,034.8

15,594.0

14,962.4

6,701.6

7,096.1

7,310.9

27.2

27.4

25.2

163.5

180.0

170.3

24,2

25.4

50.9

4,465.8

4,616.9

5,376.1

1,695.5

1,652.2

1,916.3

23.6

24.0

30.2

10.7

10.0

4.8

2,736.0

2,930.7

3,424.9

125.3

117.9

47.1

1,895.6

2,150.5

1,641.4

1,662.3

1,638.9

1,522.9

19.7

19.6

23.7

537.0

532.4

547.8

523.0

535.5

577,0

155.9

166,3

199.5

1.5

1.7

2.6

4.8

4.9

6.0

0.5

0.5

0.9

105.1

110.2

149.7

55.9

57.6

66.2

0.8

0.8

1,5

0.2

0.2

0.1

48.2

51.4

59.9

2.4

2,4

1.8

41.5

46.5

38.4

133.0

132.7

130.8

2.4

2.5

3.0

30.0

30.0

33.1
Table 5. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes in 1989 and selected components: United States, 1979, 1988, and 1989– Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Age

AgeCause of death (Ninth Revision International ,4// Under 14

Classification of Diseases, 1975)

5-14 15-24 .25-34 35-44 45-54 55-84 65-74 75-64 85 years a@sted

Year ages 1 1 yearz years years years years yeare years yeare yesrs years and over rate3

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracic organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Malignant neoplasm of breast. . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms of genital organs . . . . ...179-167

Malignant neoplasms of urinary organs . . . . ..168-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sites . . . . . . . . . .170 -173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-206

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . .2013203

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4313436

Accidents and adverae effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800–E949

Motor vehicle accidenfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807.E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4~96

Pnaumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-47

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Chronic tiver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

1989

1986

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1986

1979

1989

1986

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1986

1979

1989

1968

1979

1989

1968

1979

1989

1966

1979

1989

1988

1979

1989

1968

1979

1969

1966

1979

1869

1986

1979

1989

1988

1979

57.3

56.2

45.9

17.4

17.3

15.4

22.1

21.7

20.2

8.2

7.9

7.8

24.6

24.9

21.6

7.4

7.2

7.3

11.5

11.1

9.1

58.6

61.2

75.5

38.3

39.5

46.9

19.2

20.0

23.8

19.1

19.5

23.1

34.0

33.7

22.2

30.8

31.6

20.1

18.9

16.4

14.8

12.2

12.4

12.1

10.8

10.7

13.2

*

*

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

☛

●

●

1.3

1.2

1.7

0.6

0.5

0.6

●

●

*

3.2

3.9

4.6

25.2

24.3

31.5

5.5

5.6

6.5

19.8

18.7

25.0

1.2

1.4

1.9

16.1

16.6

33.0

●

●

●

. . .

. . .

. . .

*

0.5

1.0

●

●

●

☛

●

●

☛

●

●

0.2

0.1

0.2

1.6

1.9

2.2

1.1

1.3

1.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

16.7

19.6

26.5

6.6

6.9

9.6

11.9

12.7

16.7

0.4

0.3

0.5

1.5

1.3

2.0

●

*

0.1

. . .

. . .

. . .

*

●

*

*

●

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

0.1

0.1

0.2

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.2

1.2

1.5

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

11.6

12.2

16.1

6.4

7.0

8.3

5.2

5.2

7.7

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.7

0.7

0.4

●

●

*

0.1

0.1

0.1

●

*

●

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.9

1.9

2.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.9

45.6

49.5

62.6

35.4

38.5

45.6

10.4

11.0

17.0

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.4

0.3

0.4

13.3

13.2

12.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.7

0.7

0.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.6

0.2

0.2

0.2

3.5

3.5

3.7

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.2

2.6

37.8

38.3

45.7

23.4

23.9

28.8

14.4

14.4

16.9

0.7

0.7

0.5

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

15.0

15.4

16.3

2.2

2.4

3.4

7.2

7.6

9.6

9.0

6.9

9.1

3.6

3.7

4.7

1.0

1.0

1.1

6.5

6.6

6.6

2.3

2.5

2.5

3.5

3.4

3.0

6.4

6.9

9.1

32.5

32.8

38.4

17.3

17.4

21.0

15.2

15.3

17.4

1.7

1.8

1.7

3.9

3.6

3.2

3.9

4.0

3.6

14.6

14.6

15.4

9.9

10,1

13.9

46.7

50.0

56.0

23.0

23.4

25.3

10.9

11.0

14.5

5.0

4.9

5.7

22.8

23.3

24.0

4.6

4.7

5.0

6.2

8.2

8.6

16.4

19.2

26.4

30.1

31.1

39.4

15.6

15.6

16.6

14.5

15.3

20.8

9.2

9.3

9.3

6.9

7.3

7.1

11.2

10.4

9.0

14.6

14.6

16.5

19.0

19.8

31.0

i 62.3

162.2

140.9

41.6

43.4

41.3

33.6

33.7

35.6

15.4

14.6

15.1

53.7

55.5

49.6

11.7

11.0

11.7

21.6

20.6

19.5

48.6

51.3

66.1

35.0

35.1

43.5

15.8

15.7

16.2

19.2

19.4

25.2

49.6

48.6

40.2

16.0

18.9

16.4

32.1

28.0

25.8

15.5

15.6

16.6

31.3

W.o

40.9

267.0

280.0

231.0

62.1

61.3

56.6

89.5

89.3

68.3

33.1

33.2

34.6

93.6

95.4

66.4

26.2

24.4

25.7

45.5

44.5

39.5

144.7

154.7

226.9

48.5

50.1

58.8

19.1

19.2

20.7

29.4

31.0

38.1

148.9

151.9

117.0

57.3

59.9

47.8

72.4

62.0

61.3

18.0

18.4

17.8

35.7

35.0

41.6

336.5

324.2

236.1

92.6

90.1

77.4

187.0

184.6

176.0

64.0

61.6

65.6

147.9

148.8

130.2

50.3

50.6

50.2

83.3

79.6

63.1

519.6

553.6

793.8

105.1

106.5

117.6

29.6

30.2

28.7

75.3

76.4

89.2

313.8

313.0

200.6

246.1

257.1

184.2

145.1

125.0

130.3

23.1

25.9

20.8

34.2

32.4

28.3

232.2

228.5

170.3

135.0

133.6

114.2

274.1

262.7

252.0

94.3

92.6

97.0

200.6

201.4

175.8

73.7

75.7

77.3

95.7

92.2

66.0

1,631.0

1,707.4

2,264.9

255.2

267.3

276.0

28.8

29.1

24.4

226.4

238.2

251.6

403.5

394.3

230.2

1,083.3

1,124.5

684.9

245.6

222.1

211.8

22.8

20.5

17.9

23.1

20.0

18.1

40.3

39.9

35.2

12.5

12.6

12.2

13.1

13.0

13.6

5.0

4.9

5.2

17.2

17.5

16.4

4.9

4.8

5.3

7.6

7.4

6.7

28.0

29.7

41.6

33.8

35.0

42.9

16.9

19.7

23.2

14.9

15.3

19.6

19.4

19.4

14.6

13.7

14.2

11.2

11.5

10.1

9.6

11.3

11.4

11.7

8.9

9.0

12.0

See footnotesat endoftable.
Hot,l”widaand IO@ intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E860-E978

Human immunodefiiiancy virus infection . . . . ..’042-’044

Nephritis, nephfotfc syndrome, and nephroais . ...580-589

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Certain condifkms originating In Ihe parinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

1989

1988

1979

t 989

1988

i 979

1989

1688

1979

1989

196a

1979

1989

198a

1979

1989

9.2

9.0

10.0

8.9

6.8

. . .

8.5

9.1

7.0

7.8

9.0

12.8

7.0

8.5

3.6

7.6

8.5 2.7 1.5 18.9 16.3 11.0

8.2 2.6 1.3 15.4 16.0 10.9

5.0 2.5 1.1 14.5 16.2 14.3

3.0 0.8 0.2 1.7 17.7 23.5

2.1 0.8 0.2 1.4 13.8 17.5

.- .-. . --- . . . --- ---

5.0 ● 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.3

5.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6

6.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7

●

1::

● * ● * 0,1

● ● * * *

*

0.2

● * *

0.1

7.4 0.6 0.; 0.2 1.6

6.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 E 1.5

7.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8

7.6

7.1

10.8

13.2

9.7

. . .

2.9

3.3

3.7

0.7

0.7

0.9

3.1

3.2

2.2

5.0

5.2

7.0

5.3

4.0

..-

6.6

9.4

x

3.6

4.6

7.8

9.0

4.9

470.6 0.9 0.1 * ● ● ● ●

4.1

4.2

5.4

1.6

1.6

. . .

24.3

25.6

23.7

12.9

15.1

24.4

20.2

23.9

12.4

●

4.2

4.5

4.8

0.7

0.6

..-

73.1

76.4

64.7

59.0

70.1

125.3

62.6

70.7

29.7

●

1966 7.4 467.4 0.9 0.1 * ● * ● ● ● ●

1979 10.4 630.7 0.6 ●

* ● ● ● ● ● 4

4.3 9.4

4.7 9.0

5.0 10.2

6.7

0.: 6.6

--- ---

195.9 4.4

217.0 4.8

165.2 4.3

32a.7 2.9

396.1 3.4

649.1 5.7

185.7 4.1

Iga.tl 4.6

70.3 2.3 ~

.,

<

lFigureeforage rrd slasd a indudsdin M egas but notdbtribufedamongage groups. =

2Deslh rates under 1 year @sad m popu!alkm esfinrares) dtier from infant MLSMi rates (based en live bklhs); eae fables E and Z-26 for infant rrmrfAii rates and Tedrrr!cal mfes fer dwssbn or the dfierence.

=

3FW ~~ d --j, see Tedrnkal notes. Cn

46ecausedsafhsfrun Ibismuse ecus prirnwiiysrnengInfanls, age.adjusled rafee m ml 3fmwrr. G=

m

=
20~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified race-sex groups: United States, 1989

[Rates per 100,000 population in spectied group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of death, race, and sex (Ninth Revision

orderl International Clasaificetion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

Rank Cause of death, race, and aex (Ninth Revision

orderl international Classification of Diseasea, 1975) Number Rate

All races, both sexes

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ,430-438

Accidents and adverse affects . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . , .E81O-E825

All other accidenta and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E8CC-E807,E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmona!y diseases

and allied conditions , . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . , . . . . ..480-487

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suiclda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . .571

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . ,E960-E978

Another csuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

All other, male - Con.

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . ..480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dlseaaes

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Certain conditions originating in the perlnatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780-779

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,.250

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

2,150,468

733,867

866.3

295.6

7

6

9

10

,,.

,,.

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

,..

8

7

8

9

10

. . .

.,.

1

2

3

,.,

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

,,.

;

3

4

5

. .

!,.

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

25.6

1

2

3

4

#..

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

..!

. . .

1

2

3

.,.

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. .

;

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

6

9

10

,,,

. . .

:

3

.,.

. .

:

6

4,132 22.0

496,152

145,551

95,028

47,575

199.9

58.6

38.3

19.2

4,065

:3,448

34,079

21.8

18.4

161.7

47,453 19.1 All other, famale

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~seases Of heart. . . . . , . .390-396,402,404-429

Malignant neoplaame, Including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietlc tissues . ..1 40–206

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . ., . , . ..430-488

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . , .,...,250

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents ., , ., . . . .E61 O-E625

All othar accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E626-E949

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Certain conditions orlglrratlng in the perlnatal

period ...,,...,.......,.,.. .760-779

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . , . . . . , . , . . .490496

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..580-569

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . ,E960-E976

All other causes . . . . . . , , , , . . . . . . .Reaidual

133,287

42,196

649.5

205.6

64,344

76,550

46,833

30,232

26,694

22,909

392,306

34.0

30.6

16.9

12.2

10.6

9.2

156.0

26,966

11,277

5,332

4,668

2<001

131,5

55.0

26,0

22.7

9.6

White, male

All causes...............,.. . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Malignant naoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoietlc tissues . ..140-206

Accldants andadverseeffeote . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidente. ., . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effecla . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E626-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases, . . . . . . . ...430-436

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ...490-496

Pneumonia andinfluenzs. . . . . . . , . .480+87

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Dlabetea mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Chronic liver diaeaseandcimhosia . . . . . . . .571

Human immunodeticienoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.*042-*044

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. Residual

2,667

3,888

13.0

18,9

950,852 930.2

325,397 316.3

3,361 16.4

226,301

52,691

27,621

223.3

51 .s

27.0

:2,331 11.4

2,284

2,252

28,710

11.1

11.0

139,9

25,070

48,563

24.5

47,5

44,046

30,692

21,856

16,282

14,414

43.1

30.2

21.4

15.9

14,1

Black, male 2

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,393 1,006.5

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoletlc tissues . ..140-206

Accidents and adverse effects , , , . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . , . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effeota . . . . . . . . . . ,E800-E807,E623-E949

Homlclde andlegal intervention , . . .E960-E976

Cerebrovascular diseases. . , , . . . . . . ,430-438

Human immunodeficiency virus

Infection. . .,, . ., . . . . . . . . . . . .’042-*044

Pneumonia and influenza. ., . . . . . ...460-487

Certain conditions originating In the perlnatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andallled conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Diabetes mellitus ..,....,,,,.. . . . ...250

Allothercausss. . . , , , , . . . . . . . . .Residual

38,321 263.5

216.2

65.3

28.3

37.0

61.1

53.2

37.6

28,7

26.2

24.7

21,1

208.8

752.4

242.7

149.6

63.5

30.3

24.2

9.3

15.0

21.2

19,6

13.1

12.9

12,9

162.4

31,452

9,503

4,120

14,114

154,294

13.8

150.9

Whfte, femaie

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diaeaaesof heart. . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neopleams of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . . ,140-208

Cerebrovascular disesaes. . . . . . . . . . .430-436

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . ...460-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasee

and allied condtions . . , . . . . . . . ...490-496

Accidents andadveree effecta . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. , , . . , . , .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E625-E949

Diabetes mellitus, ,, . . . . . . . . . . ,. ..,,250

Atherosclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,, .440

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, .036

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosis, ,, ., .,, ,, . . . . . ,,, ,.58C)-589

Allotherceuses, , ..,.,.,...,,, ,.Residual

5,383

6,668

7,739

902,989 646.0

323,469 303.0

5,475

4,168 205,855

76,953

36,961

192.9

72.1

34.6 3,613

33,835

25,448

f 2,670

31.7

24.8

12.1

3,593

3,072

30,369

13,578

21,771

11,139

6,629

12.7

20.4

10.4

8.3

Black, female 2

All causes . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasee of heart. . . . . . , .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaems of

lymphatic andhematopoletlc tissues ., ,140-206

Cerebrovascular diseases. , , . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellltus, .,, ,, .,,...., ., ...250

Accidents andadverse effects ., , , , .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . , ~ . . .E81O-E625

All other accldente and adverse

effects . c.,...... .E600-E607,E828-E949

Pneumonia andlnfiuenza. ., , , , , ., ..460-487

Certain condltlone orlglnatlng In the perlnatal

pariod, ..,,.,,.....,,76&779,76&779

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...560-589

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andatlled conditions . , . . . , , , . . . .490+96

Homicide andlegal intewentlon . . . . .E960-E978

All other causes, . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

1’21,249

39,110

6,514

149,215

8.0

139,8 24,112

10,240

4,883

3,901

1,491

All other, male

All~ueee . .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart, , , . . . , .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoietio tissues , , ,140-208

Accidente andadvereeeffeots . , , . . .E600-E949

Motor vehlcleaccldents. . . . , . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects, . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E628-E949

Homicide and legal intervention , . , ,E960-E978

Cerebrovsecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Human immunodeficlency virus

infection, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .*042-*044

163,336

42,805

670.8

228.2

2,410

35,006 3,417

11,221

5,063

166.6

69,6

27,1 3,152

6,136

9,349

6,758

32.7

49.6

46,7

2,119

2,078

2,074

f~6,163 5,644 30.1

lRank basedon number et deaths: see Technical notea.

‘EIlack Included in AU other.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~21

Table 7. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups: United States, 1989

[Ratea per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of death arrd age (Ninth Revision

order~ International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

,..

.,,

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

;

:

9

10

,..

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

:

7

s

9

10

. . .

14 yeare

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents, . . . . . . . .E81 C-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-EB07,EB2S-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . .14C-208

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . .ES60-E976

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . ...480467

Certain condfiions originating in the perinatal

pariod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76C-779

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320-322

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Aliother ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ResiduaI

5-14 yeara

Ailceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidante and adverse effects . . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . .E61 O-E825

All other acc”denta and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .ESOO-E807,E826-E849

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaems of

fyrnphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208

Homicide end legal intervention . . . . .E960-E978

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Dweases of heart. . . . . . . .39C-388,402,404429

Suicide, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . ...480487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disaaees

and allied condtiions . . . . . . . . . . . . .49C-4S

Benign naoplasms, carcinoma in s“ku,and

neoplasm$ of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . ...210-239

Cerebroveacular diseases. . . . . . . . . . .4S0438

Aliothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1.5-24 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adveme effects . . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82S-E949

Homkide and legal intervendon . . . . .E860-E978

Suioide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E859

Malignant neoplaams, incfudkrg neoplaems of

fymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208

Diaeeaes of heart. . . . . . . ,390-S98,402,404429

Human immuncdeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . ..< . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . .480-4S7

Carebroveacular diseases. . . . . . . . . . .43&438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .480+96

Aliotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rasidual

7,292

2,774

1,005

1,769

928

506

393

28J

228

134

112

99

94

1,743

8,914

4,090

2,266

1,824

1,155

510

480

295

240

122

113

05

83

1,741

36,488

16,736

12,941

3,797

6,185

4,870

1,851

938

613

474

271

232

176

4,140

49.2

16.7

6.6

11.9

6.3

3.4

2.7

1.9

1.5

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

11.8

25.4

11.6

6.4

5.2

3.3

1.5

1.4

0.6

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

5.0

99.9

45.s

35.4

10.4

16.9

13.3

5.1

2.6

1.7

z

0.6

1:

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

orderi International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

...

. ..

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. ..

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,443 176.1

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . .E800-E949 26,429 35,4

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . .E810-E625 16,571 20.6

All other accidents and advarse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949 11,858 14.8

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . .14C-208 21,056 26.2

Human immunodtilciency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042–*044 16,322 20.3

Dlseasea of heart. . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429 15,244

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

19.0

11,696 14.8

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . .E960-E978 11,154 13.9

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . , . . . ...571 4,564 5.7

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . ., ..430-438 3,267 4.1

Pneumonia and influanza . . . . , . . . . . .480-487 2,296 2.9

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250 2,119 2.6

Another ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual 25,076 31.2

45-64 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376,324 813.8

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208 135,249 290.9

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . .390-398,402,404429 112,273 241.5

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . ...430438 15,124 32.5

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . .E800-E949 15,046 32.4

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . , . . . ,E81 O-E825 7,267 15.7

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E628-E949 7,759 16.7

Chronic obstructive pulmonaty diseases

and allied condflons . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496 13,031 28.0

Chronic iiver disease end cirrhosis . . . . . ...571 1i ,477 24.7

Diabetes mellitua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250 9,726 20.9

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959 6,984 15.0

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . .480487 5,567 12,0

Human immunodeficlenoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044 4,429 9.5

Another ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual 49,398 108.3

65 years and over

~iCWSeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1.537.7884.963.0

Diseases of haart. . . . . . . .390-396,402,404429 603,968 1,949.2

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208 336,206 1,085.1

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . .430-438 126,660 408,8

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied mndtions . . . . . . . . . . . . .490496 69,965 225.8

Pneumonia and inftuenz8 . . . . . . . . ...480487 67,395 217.5

Diabetas melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . ...250 34,796 112.3

Accidents and advaree effects . . . . . .E800-E949 26,632 86.6

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . .E810-E825 7,251 23.4

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949 19,581 63.2

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o 18,413 59.4

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...560-589 17,506

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

56.5

15,428 49.8

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual 220,615 712.0

lR~k bssad on number of desths see Techn”knlmtSS.
Table 8. Deaths from 72 selected causes by age: United States, 1989 -.

[For explanation of aslerisk preceding cause-of-death codes, aee Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision international All Under 14 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 5S-64 65-74 75-84

Claaaiiicafion of Oiseaaas, 1975)

65 years Not

ages 1 year yem yeszs years years years years years yesra years and over stated

Allcauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...2.150.486

Shigeilosis and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . ...007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..010+16

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system. . . . . . . ...010-012

Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...013-018

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptococcal sore throat, scarlatina, and

erysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Maningoccccalinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . ...<.... . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Acutepoliomyefifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Viralhepafifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..cf80-087

All other infectious and parasitic

diaeases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .001-003,005,020-032,037,

039-041 ,’042-’044,046-054,056-066,071-086,08S-1 39

Mafignant neoplaams, including neopkiams of lymphatic

andhematopoietictiaauea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-206

MaVgnant neoplaams of lip, oral cavity,

andpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...10149

Ma~gnantnaoplasms ofdigastiveorgans and

peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Ma~gnant neoplasm of reapirato~ and intmtfroracic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...160-165

Ma~gnant neoplaam ofbreaat. . . . . . . . . . . ..17+175

Malignantnsoplasms ofgen”tiorgana . . . . ...179-187

Malignantneoplaarns ofurineryorgana. . . . ...16&169

Ma~gnant naoplaams of all other and unspecified

sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...170-173.190-189

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2*206

Other malignant neoplaerns of lymphatic

andhematopoietictisauea . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Banign neoplaams, carcinoma in situ, and naopfaams of

uncertain behavior andofunspeoifiad nature. . . .210-239

Diabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nufriional defniancies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-285

Meningifia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3=22

Majorcardiovaaculardiseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...360-448

Diseaaesofheart. . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic faverand rhaumatio heart d[sease. .360+96

Hypertensive heartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heatiand renaldiaease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myocardial infsrcfion . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Otheracuteandaubacute fomrsof

iachamic heartdiaease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Anginapectoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myooerdial infarction and other forms

ofchmnic iscfremic heart disease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseases ofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

Al! @ffer forms of heart

cfkaase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..415-423.425-429

Hypertension wifhorwithout renal diaeeee. . ...401.403

Cerebrovasculardisesaee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430-43S

Intracerebrel and other intracranial

hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...431432

20

339

1,970

1,536

434

12

17

273

19,333

G

1,516

i 05

29,234

486,152

8,104

119,863

142,281

43,138

54,952

20,233

61,030

18,246

28,505

6,701

46,633

3,993

93!:R

733,687

6,067

20,963

2,385

498,021

3,376

1,068

246,629

12,185

194,226

8,786

145,551

20,679

39,655

92

1

1

9

1

56

290

8

7

19

396

107

7

7

1

1

5

51

32

3

58

6

14

36

229

924

776

4

2

33

19

2

12

19

718

3

127

50

7,292

4

13

7

1

6

3

1

4s

94

12

5

216

506

2

18

3

5

23

271

160

24

66

15

3

50

99

332

281

6

2

i

3

—

—

2

7

261

3

40

12

8,914

3

5

3

2

1

—

31

33

3

5

2

144

1,155

4

21

6

7

33

556

429

88

85

32

4

47

21

396

295

10

2

12

6

—

—

6

16

255

5

83

37

36,488

2

25

14

11

2

3s

67

&

794

1,s51

2s

11s

47

7

116

21

707

505

302

67

136

8

112

24

1,24s

938

35

11

5

111

74

5

—

32

37

739

16

232

93

60,524

1

6

127

66

39

8

322

4

136

10

8,415

5,314

52

646

300

655

802

78

1,519

6s2

778

166

887

17

175

65

4,644

3,462

108

144

17

1,141

641

24

1

475

154

1,898

70

913

320

80,919

2

6

200

148

54

—

—

2

2

187

4

9,399

15,742

304

2,521

2,641

3,262

1,400

3,091

856

1,267

264

1,432

37

184

91

14,7s3

11,782

255

588

30

6,553

3,810

88

9

2,838

243

4,115

174

2,354

699

116,288

8

201

147

54

—

3

15

781

163

7

3,931

39,13s

844

7,520

12,132

5,734

2,708

1,237

5,678

1,134

2,050

410

2,784

42

166

63

36,S33

30,922

3e7

1,419

71

20,0al

12,040

24a

43

7,672

329

6,705

381

4,5s3

1,712

260,058

22

270

210

60

3

18

1,695

—

244

10

2,099

96,111

2,201

20,472

35,043

9,020

7,254

3,334

11,600

2,527

4,660

813

6,942

119

264

106

88,172

61,351

858

2,946

196

55,123

32,383

5s3

92

22,065

913

21,313

860

10,541

2,993

481,224

1

46

426

341

85

1

19

3,664

362

15

1,761

155,028

2,436

36,774

52.1 S4

16:267

6,010

17,015

4,766

8,278

1,547

13,188

340

640

181

203,467

185,767

1,688

4,697

475

116,115

84,669

822

227

50,377

2,325

40,508

1,917

28,306

4,s35

599,206

6

67

486

376

90

2

14

6,114

—

1

253

23

1,375

130,612

1,530

35,221

32,647

9,035

18,253

6,244

14,437

4,913

8,132

1,99s

14,180

834

1,108

122

301,942

234,318

1,921

6,174

854

183,033

81,886

879

387

80,101

4,329

58,007

2,857

50,740

6,308

457,358

3

70

242

210

32

4

7

5,650

72

15

691

598

16,337

7,085

4,107

S,337

2,666

6,102

2,242

2,910

1,187

7,470

1,52a

1,207

85

270,981

203,883

627

4,974

735

135,650

51,577

718

327

83,228

3,812

57,665

2,479

49,614

3,408

2

1

1

2

—

—

—

—

13

22

3

6

6

1

1

3

—

2

1

1

2

1

2

116

92

6

44

22

1

21

1

41

1

16

6
Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

occlusion of cerebral arteries........ .434.0,434.g

Cerebral embofkrn.................. ..434.I

All othar and late effects of cerebrovaacular

diseases..........

..... ...430.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

and capillaries................... ...441-448

Acute bmnchitisand bronchblitis............ ...466

Pneumonia andinffuenza................ .4fj0-4L37

Pneumonia...................... ...480-466

Influenza.......................... ...467

Chmnk obstrucfii pulmonary dkeasee and allied

condi[ons....................... ...490-496

Bronchitis, chronic andunsprjcfiti...... ...490-491

Emphysema.................. .,.... ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Otherchmnkobsbucfiwe pulmonarydlseases

andalliedcondtions.... ,........... ..494-49s

Ukarofstomach andduodenum.......... ..531–533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hafniaofabdornlnal cavityand intestinal obstruction

withoutmenfion ofhemia............ .550-553,5E0

Chroniiiiverdiseeee and cirrhosis........... ...571

Choieliihksisand otherdiao~e~of

galibladdar...................... ...574-575

Nephriis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosls.. ..660-589

Acute gkmerulonephritis and nephrolic

syndro4ne....................... ..*wl

Chmnlc glornerulortaphritis, nephritis and

naphmpathy, not spec”ti as acute or chronic,

andrenal sclemsb, unspecified..... ...562-563.587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and smalf ktiney of unfmown

cause................... ..554-5fy3.5&+f-5f39

lnfac80rra ofkdnay...................... ..!jgo

Hyperplasiaofpmaate.................... ..soo

Compliitions of pregnancy, chiibirth, and the

Puerperium...................... ...330-376

pregnancy withabortive outcome......... ..M6

Other complications of prqmncy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...540-876

Congenital anomalies................. ..740-759

Certain condtiions onglnatiig In the perinatal

period......................... ..7&779

Btih trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, btih

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress ayndmm. ..767-769

Ofher conditions originating in the perinatal

period................... ..76&7M.77o+7g

Symptoms, signs, andill-defined cgndiiiona... ..760-7gg

Allotherdisaasea.................... ..Rs&idual

Accidents andadverse effects.......... .. E8cs0-E949

Motor vehicfaaccidenta.............. .E610-E625

Aff other accidents and adverse

t3ffeOtS............... .. Et3Ot3+&l7.E82&E~g

Sufhkfe.,....................... ..E950-E959

Homicide andlegal intervention.......... .E960-E978

Another extemalcauees............... .EESO-E999

19,799

881

104,392

19,357

24,297

633

76,550

74,957

1,583

84,344

3,759

15,467

4,669

60,249

6,455

451

5,530

2s,684

3,046

21,116

310

1,517

19,291

1,414

449

320m

270

12,897

18,752

4,631

14,121

1%%

95,026

47,575

47,453

30,232

22,909

2,700

16

611

17

73

836

624

12

46

30785

122

88

183

19864

1886 ... ... ...

6,12tI

18,584

4,576

13,966

6,627

1,623

988

216

780 ...

335

51

62

1617

21

228

2206

55

261

26:

2662

15339 . . . .. .

928

134

31

103

265

682

2,774

1,005

1,768. .

.

393

58

10

361

124

122

106

14

113

10

9:74

16

247

2044

12

46;

239

1:

1,082

4,080

2,2&3

1,824

240

510

49

201

1182

803

271

255

16

1769

14:

18

4:

14

574

704

13

53

10

88

19

60

474743

736

1,924

16,736

12,941

3,797

4,670

6,185

361

5545

194

10

661

866

15

318

177

256

36

40

17

54

861

.20

2587

36

215

25

169

25

144

46364

1,96;

4,160

16,574

10,269

6,305

8,565

7,135

760

1199

t,327

44

429

1,41:

1,384

31

632

30

83

346

193

143

13

95

3,603

46

465

14

57

384

343

506

-$

633

2,231

6,928

11,855

6,302

5,553

5,331

4,019

666

345

15

2,511

168

779

20

1.707 1;676

31

2,263

98

401

472

1,312

269

35

121

4,721

65

7139

61

643

38322

39522

1,512

6,475

7,484

3,679

3,615

3,642

1,865

278

1,195

54

6,284

721

2,699

35

3,660

3,606

72

10,748

398

2,316

743

7,289

611

53

6,%

227

1,666

32

151

1,663

60

13 ... ... ...

42621

1,59:

15,835

7,552

3,406

4,144

3,342

1,065

193

3,423

152

17,696

2,348

7,109

100

10,418

10,246

172

27,065

978

5,595

1,208

19,263

1,383

111

691

6,492

590

4,415

70

313

4,032

228

60 ...

,.. ...

51331

3,08:

32,245

8,612

3,465

5,347

3,275

740

6,980

277

37,164

5,761

6,226

175

24,022

23,591

431

30,627

1,277

5,485

1,094

22,771

2,169

112

1,852

3,340

1,032

7,133

108

479

6,545

164 ... ... ...

45011

3,698

51,522

10,256

2,909

7,347

2,259

409

97

7,632

170

36,404

10,304

4,721

163

32,955

32,164

781

12,273

885

1,586

473

9,329

1,809

74

2,000

704

1,037

5,980

50

395

5,515

523

188 ... ... ...

216

4,369

46,668

7,764

877

6,887

694

130

37

39142

15

156241

ii514164

9:

20

123

38

65:

20
. . . .. .--------- . .

Table 9. Death rates for 72 Selectea causes By age: Urmea sIaIes, 1959

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notea]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International All Under 1-4 5–14 15–24 25-34 3544 4%54 55-64 65-74 75-64 85 years

Classification of Diseases, 1975) ages

1

1 year2 years years yeara years years years years years years and over

All causes................................

Shigellosia andamebiasis.............. ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections.......... ..007-009

Tuberculoaia...................... ...0104316

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system....... ...010-012

Other tuberculosis.................. ..013+18

Whooping cough...................... ...033

Streptococcal aora throat, scarlatina,

ande~sipelas.................... ...034-035

Meningococcalinfaction.................. ...036

Septicemia.......................... ...036

Acute poliomyelitis..................... ...045

Measles............................ ..055

Viral hepatitis......................... ...070

Syphilis.......................... ..090--o97

All other infectious and parasitic

diseases.............. .001+03.005.020-032.037,

039-04 1,*042–*044.046CJ54,056-066,071 -066,096-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of &mphatic

and hematopoietic tissuas...... .140–206

Malignant neoplasms of tip, oral cavity, and

pharynx........................ ..140–149

Malignant neoplaams of digestive organs and

peritoneum...................... ..150–159

Matignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic

organs........................ ...160-165

Malignant neoplasmofbraast.......... ...174-175

Malignant neoplaams of genital organs.... ...179-187

Malignant neoplasms of urinary organs.... ...166-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and unspecified

sites.................... ..170-173.19~199

Leukemia........................ ..20+208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietictissues.............. ...200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms of

uncertain behavior and of unpacified nature... .210-239

Drabatasmellitus...................... ...250

Nutritional deficiencies........... .260–269

Anemias.......................... ..280–285

Meningitis......................... ..320=22

Majorcardiovascularcfiseases............. .390~48

Diseases ofheart.......... ..390-398.402,404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic hearf disease. .390-398

Hypertensive heart disease............. ...402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease....... ...404

Ischemic heartdisease.............. .410-414

Acute myocardial infarction............ ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of ischemic heart

disease....................... ...411

Anginapectoris................... ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disease..... .412,414

Otherdiseases ofendocardium.......... ...424

All otinerforms of heart

disease.................. .415-423,42~29

Hypertension with orwithout renal disease.. ...401.403

Cerebrovasculardiseases........... ...430-438

See bmrotes at end of table.

886.3

0.0

0.1

0.8

0.6

0.2●*

0.1

7.8●

0.0

0.6

0.0

11.8

199.9

3.3

48.2

57.3

17.4

22.1

8.2

24.6

7.4

11.5

2.7

18.9

1.2

1.6

0.4

375.4

295.6

2.5

8.4

1.0

200.6

99.5

1.4

0.4

99.4

4.9

78.2

3.5

58.6

1,005.2●

2.3●●●●●

1.5

7.4●●●●

10.0

2.7●●****

1.3

0.8*

1.4●●

1.0

5.8

23.4

19.7●+*

0.8*●**●

18.2*

3.2

49.2●●4●●**

0.3

0.6●*●*

1.5

3.4*****

0.2

1.8

1.1

0.2

0.4●●

0.3

0.7

2.2

1.9●*●*●●*●●

1.8*

0.3

25.4***+*●●

0.1

0.1●●●●

0.4

3.3●

0.1***

0.1

1.6

1.2

0.3

0.2

0.1*

0.1

0.1

1.1

0.8*********

0.7●

0.2

99.9*●

0.1*●●●

0.1

0.2●*

0.2●

2.2

5.1

0.1

0.3

0.1●

0.3

0.1

1.9

1.4

0.8

0.2

0.4●

0.3

0.1

3.4

2.6

0.1●●

0.3

0.2●●

0.1

0.1

2.0●

0.6

f38.1

●●

0.3

0.2

0.1●●●

0.7●●

0.3●

19.2

12.1

0.1

1.5

0.7

1.5

1.4

0.2

3.5

1.6

1.8

0.4

1.6●

0.4

0.1

10.6

7.9

0.2

0.3●

2.6

1.5

0.1*

1.1

0.4

4.3

0.2

2.1

221.7●●

0.5

0.4

0.1●●●

1.6●●

0.5●

25.7

43.1

0.8

6.9

7.2

9.0

3.8

1.0

8.5

2.3

3.5

0.8

3.9

0.1

0.5

0.2

40.5

32.3

0.7

1.6

0.1

18.0

10.4

0.3●

7.2

0.7

11.3

0.5

6.4

475.0*●

0.8

0.6

0.2●*●

3.1*●

0.7●

15.8

157.2

3.8

30.2

48.7

23.0

10.9

5.0

22.8

4.6

8.2

1.6

11.2

0.2

0.7

0.3

147.9

124.2

1.6

5.7

0.3

80.3

48.4

1.0

0.2

30.8

1.3

35.0

1.5

18.4

1,204.4●

0.1

1.3

1.0

0.3●*●

7.8*●

1.1●

9.7

445.1

10.2

94.8

162.3

41.6

33.6

15.4

53.7

11.7

21.6

3.6

32.1

0.6

1.2

0.5

445.4

376.7

4.0

13.6

0.9

255.3

150.0

2.7

0.4

102.2

4.2

98.7

4.0

48.8

2,646.7●

0.3

2.3

1.9

0.5●●●

20.2●●

2.0*

9.7

652.6

13.4

202.3

287.0

62.1

89.5

33.1

93.6

26.2

45.5

8.5

72.4

1.9

3.5

0.9

1,119.1

911.8

9.2

25.8

2.6

838.6

355.8

4.5

1.2

277.1

12.8

222.8

10.5

144.7

6,136.8*

0.7

4.6

3.9

0.9●**

62.6**

2.6

0.2

14.1

1,338.t

15.7

360.6

336.5

92.6

167.0

64.0

147.9

50.3

83.3

20.5

145.1

9.6

11.4

1.2

3,093.4

2,400.6

19.7

63.3

8.7

1,670.2

836.9

9.0

3.8

820.6

44.3

594.3

29.3

519.6

15,034.8●

2.3

8.0

6.9

1.1***

f85.7**

2.4*

22.7

1,662.3

19.7

537.0

232.2

135.0

274.1

94.3

200.6

73.7

95.7

39.0

245.6

50.2

39.7

2.1

8,908.0

6,701.6

27.2

163.5

24.2

4,485.8

1,695.5

23.6

10.7

2,736.0

125.3

1,695.6

81.5

1,831.0
Intraoai-abmland other intracranial

~.-.................. ..=l+z

Oambrai ttmmboeis and unapeoikd wcluskrrr of

oarebrat artariea.............. ...434.0.434.9

Cerabraiefnbolism................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of carebrovaeoular

diseaaes................ ..43O.483.435-438

A&$OeO&osis...................... ...440

other diseases of arteries, arterioles, and

Capillarfaa....................... ..441 +48

#VWebforwhiis and bronchiofiis............ ...468

Pneumonia andinfluenza.............. ...460-487

pneumonia...................... ...480-486

Infiuanza.......................... ...437

Chronic obstruofive pulmonary diseases and allied

Wndiiions....................... ...490-496

Brondriiis, chronio andunspacifiad...... ...490-491

Emphysema,....................... ...492

Asilma,.......................... ...493

Otharchronioobstructiie pulmonary diseases

andalliedcorrdtions................ ..49+196

Ulcarofstomaohand duodenum.......... ..531–533

Appandicitia...................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdomlnai cavity and intestinal obstruction

withoutmention ofhemia.......... ...550-553.560

Chroniciiier disaase andclrrhosis........... ...571

Cholefiihissisand othar diaordefs ofgallbladder. ..574-575

Nephritis, naphrolic syndrome, andnephrosis. ...580-569

Aouteglornerulonaphriis sndnaphrotii

syndrome.............. .,.........560-561

Chronic glomerufonaphritis, nephriiis and

nephropathy, not spedfmd es aoute or chronic, and

renal sclerosis, unspecifiacf........ ...582-583.587

Renal failure, disorders reauitlng from impaired renal

funcdkm,and small kidney of unknown

cause.................... .584-566,568-589

Infeotiona of kidney...................... ..59o

Hyperplaaia of prostate................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperfum...................... ...830-676

Pregnancy w”Wabordveoutcome........ ...630-638

Other oompiicdtions of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerparium..................... ...840-676

COngenhaianomalies................ ...740-759

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period........................

. ...760-779

Birth trsum~ intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, arrdrespiratory distress syndrome. ..767-769

Other conditions originating in the

p+srinatetpericd.........,.. ...760-786.770-779

Symptoms, signs, andiil-defined oonditiins... ..76W799

Allotherdiseeees.................... .. Reaiduai

Accidents andadvaree effects........... ,E800-E949

Motor vehicle acciderrte.............. .E61CI-E825

All othar accidents and adverse

effeots.... .,,.....,... ,E800-E807,E826-E949

Suiokfe......................... .. E950-E959

Honricide andlegal intervantbn.......... .E980-E978

Aflotherexternal causes. .,,........... ,E9811-E999

8.3

8.0

0.3

42.1

7.8

9.8

2;

30.2

0.6

34.0

1.5

6.2

2.0

24.3

2.6

0.2

1::

1.2

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.8

0.8

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.2

7.6

1.9

5.7

10.9

69.1

36.3

19.2

19.1

12.2

9.2

1.1

1.3●●

1.5●*

1.9

16.1

15.6●

1.2

0.6●●●●*

2.2●●

5.0**

4.7●* . . . . . . . . .

205.8

470.6

116.0

354.5

168.0

41.1

25,2

5.5

19.6 . . .

8.5

1.3

●●●●☛●

0.1

1.5

1.5*

0.4

0.2●

0.2●**

0.2*●●****● . . . . . . . . .

6.3

0.9

0.2

0.7

1.9

6.0

16.7

6.8

11.9 . . .

2.7

0.4

0.1●●

0.1*●*

0.3

0.3●

0.3●●

0.3●●*

0.1**

0.1********

1.4

0.1**

0.5

3.0

11,6

6.4

5.2

0.7

1.5

0.1

0.3

0.1●

0.3*

0.2*

0.7

0.7*

0.5●●

0.4●●●*

0.2*

0.2**

0.1●●

0.3●

0.2

1.3●●●

2.0

5.3

45.6

35.4

10.4

13.3

16.9

0.9

0.7

0.1●

1.3●

0.4*

2.0

2.0●

0.7●●

0.6

0.1

0.1*

0.1

2.2

0.0

0.6*

0.1

0,5

0.1●

0.4

0.1

0.3

1.1●●*

4.5

9.5

37.6

23.4

14.4

15.0

16,3

1,7

2.5

0.3●

3.6

0.1

1.2●

3.9

3.6

0.1

1.7

0.1

0.2

0.9

0.5

0.4*

0.3

9.9

0.1

1.3●

0.2

1.1

0.1*

0.1*

0.1

1.1***

6.1

19.0

32,5

17.3

15.2

14.6

11.0

1.8

6.9

1.4●

10.1

0.7

3.1

0.1

8.9

6.7

0.1

9.2

0.4

1.6

1.9

5.3

1.1

0.1

0.5

19.0

0.3

2.9*

0.2

2.6

0.2*+●●

1.6*●●

370

30.1

15.6

14.5

14.6

7.6

1.1

13.9 z

29.1

3.3

12.5

lti

17.6

0.3

49.8

1.6

10.7

3.4

33.8

2.8

0,2

1.7

31.3

1.1

8.6

0.1

0.7

7.8

0.4* . . . . . . . . .

2.0**●

9.3

73.6

35.0

15.8

19.2

15.5

5.0

0.9

26.8

18.6

0,8

98.4

12.9

39.1

0.5

57.3

58.4

0.9

148.9

5.4

30.8

6.6

106.1

7.6

0.6

4.9

35.7

3.2

24.3

0.4

1.7

22.2

1.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

2.6●**

17.0

177.3

48.5

19.1

29.4

16.0

4.1

0.8

54.6

71.6

2.8

360.7

59.0

64.7

1.6

246.1

241.7

4.4

313.6

13.1

56.2

11.2

233.3

22.2

1.1

19.0

34.2

10.6

73.1

1.1

4,9

67.1

4.6

1.9 . . . . . . . . .

4.6●**

39.9

527.8

105.1

29.6

75.3

23.1

4.2

1.0

112.0

250.9

5.6

1,262.5

338.7

155,2

6.0

1,083.3

1,057.3

26.0

403.5

29.1

52.1

15.5

306.7

59.5

2.4

65.7

23.1

34.1

195.9

1.6

13.0

181.3

17.2

6.1 . .

.

...

...

7.2**●

143.6

1,534.7

255,2

28.8

226.4

22.8

4.3

1.2
Table 10. Deaths from 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1989 . .

[For explanation of asterisk preceding ceuse~f-death codes, see Technical notes]

All other

A// races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Both Both Both Both

Classification of Diseases, 1975) sexes Male Female sexes Male Famale sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigelloais and amebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . . .007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofraspkatory aystem. . . . . . . ...010-012

Other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...0134.318

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptococcal aore throat, scerlatina,

anderysipelee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningosoccalinfecfion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Acutepdiomyeliiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Viralhepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...080-097

Another infectious sndparsaftii

diseaeea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .001-003,005,020-032,037,

039-041 ,’042-’644,046-054,066-066, 071-08W88-I 39

Mafignantneoplasma, incfudiigneoplaams oftymphatic

arrdhematopoietktiasues. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Maliinantneoplasrns offii,oralcev”~,and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Ma~gnantneoplaams ofd~eetlveorgans and

fwitoneurn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignantneoplssms ofrespiretoryancf intrsthoracic

organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...160-165

Metiinantneoplasm ofbreest . . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Maliinsntneoplaams ofgerhlorgans. . . . ...179-187

M#gnmtnqlams&udm~wgma. . . . ...188-188

Maf@arrtneoplaarns ofeflotherandunspecffied

sties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..17&173.1W188

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Ofher malignant neoplaarna of fymphafic and

hematopoietlctiaaues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-203

Banign neoplesms, carcinoma in situ, and neop!asma of

uncertahsbehavforan dof unspecifiednature. . . .210-239

Diatrateameltitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutrftfonafdefiiienciee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Majorcardiovaaculardiseaeee. . . . . . . . . . . . ..380+!6

Dieesaesofheart. . . . . . . . . . . .390+98.402.404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heatt disease. .380-396

Hypertensiveheartdiaease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive haertand renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemicheartdiseaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acutemyocardialinfarction.... . . . . . . . . ...410

Otheracuteandsubacute formsofischemic heait

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Anginaoectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms of chronic

iachemicheertdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiaeaaeaofendccsrcfium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

Afl other forrne of heart

diae=e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..415-423,42W28

2,150,466

20

339

1,970

1,536

434

12

17

273

19,333

32

1,516

105

28,234

496,152

8,104

119,683

142,281

43,138

54,952

20,233

61,030

18,248

26,505

6,701

48,833

3,046

3,883

1,088

831,638

733,667

6,087

20,963

2,385

496,021

246,950

3,376

1,066

246,629

12,185

194,226

1,114,190

9

172

1,264

1,042

242

4

6

127

8,489

16

806

65

23,738

283,309

5,340

63,209

92,914

301

31,141

12,976

32,627

10,039

14,762

3,046

19,730

1,086

1,6S6

586

450,995

368,202

1,877

6,923

954

257,524

134,298

1,902

474

120,850

5,300

93,624

1,036,276

11

167

666

494

192

6

11

146

10,844

16

610

40

5,496

232,643

2,764

56,454

49,367

42,837

23,611

7,257

26,403

8,207

13,743

3,653

27,103

1,948

2,305

480

480,643

365,665

4,210

12,040

1,431

240,497

112,652

1,474

592

125,779

6,885

100,602

1,653,841

12

252

1,152

927

225

10

16

214

16,557

18

1,232

47

20,63S

434,158

6,693

102,768

125,274

36,253

48,572

16,307

54,382

16,434

25,472

5,858

36,053

2,571

3,089

703

820,810

848,886

5,523

15,012

1,693

451,808

223,228

2,843

958

224,779

163,624

6

120

724

600

124

3

5

103

6,726

10

744

27

17,195

226,301

4,293

53,895

80,821

285

26,027

11,850

28,004

9,011

13,135

2,685

16,282

895

1,267

383

386,710

325,397

1,674

6,082

656

234,365

122,226

1,606

424

110,105

4,833

77,785

902,969

6

132

428

327

101

7

11

111

6,829

6

486

20

3,443

205,655

2,400

48,874

44,453

37,986

6;457

25,378

7,423

12,337

3,173

21,771

1,676

1,822

320

424,100

323,468

3,849

8,930

1,035

217,443

Iol,ooo

1,235

534

114,674

6,373

65,839

296,625

6

67

616

609

209

2

1

59

3,776

14

284

58

8,586

61,996

1,411

16,694

17,007

4,885

8,380

1,926

6,648

1,812

3,033

8,%

475

904

365

111,028

65,001

564

5,951

692

46,213

23,722

533

108

21,850

979

30,602

183,338

3

52

560

442

116

1

i

24

1,761

6

162

38

6,543

35,006

1,047

9,314

12,093

36

5,114

1,126

3,623

1,026

1,627

363

3,446

203

421

205

54,2S5

42,S05

m

2,641

23,159

12,070

294

50

10,745

467

15,638

133,287

5

35

256

167

91

1

35

2,015

8

122

20

2,053

26,988

364

7,560

4,914

4,849

3,266

800

3,025

784

1,406

480

5,332

272

160

56,743

42,188

361

3,110

396

23,054

11,862

239

58

11,105

512

14,763

267,642

6

78

707

533

174

2

1

50

3,555

11

206

56

8,254

55,564

1,251

14,698

15,528

4,438

7,762

1,741

5,911

1,540

2,695

742

7,955

652

331

100,901

77,431

448

5,660

656

41,376

21,198

496

96

19,586

860

26,411

146,393

2

46

465

386

99

1

1

22

1,643

1;

36

6,284

31,452

939

7,888

11,116

35

4,640

1,009

3,223

668

1,434

321

3,072

186

401

186

48,508

38,321

186

2,688

280

20,243

10,545

271

44

9,3s3

402

14,540

121,249

4

32

222

147

75

1

28

1,912

5

100

20

1,970

24,112

312

6,710

4,412

4,403

2,922

732

2,8a8

672

1,261

421

4,883

255

451

145

52,393

39,110

280

2,992

376

21,133

10,653

225

52

10,203

458

13,871
Hypertension with orwlthout renal cfisease

.. ...401.403

Cerebrovascular diseases........... ...430-438

Intracarebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage................... ...431-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified cwclusion of

cerebral arteries................ .434.0,434.9

Cerebralembofism................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

dkeaSeS............... ...430.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles, and

capillaries...................... ...441-448

Acute bronchitis andbronchiolitia............ ...466

Pneumonia and influenza.............. ...480-487

Pneumonia...................... ...480-486

Influenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonaiy diseases

and allied conditions................ ...490-498

Bronchitis, chronic andunspecifled........ .490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasea

endallied conditions.....,.......,... .494-498

Ulcer ofstomech and duodenum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cav”~ and intestinal

obstruction without mantion of hernia..... .550-553,560

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis........... ...571

Cholelrthiasis and other disordera of

gallbladder....................... ..574-s75

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ..580-589

Acute glomerulonephriiis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...580-581

Chronic glomerulonephriiis, nephriiis and

nephropathy, notspwifiida sacuteorchronic,

andrenalsclerosis, unspecified....... .582-583,587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired renal

funchon, and small kidney of unknown

cause.................. ...584-586.588-589

lnfactionsofkidney..................... ...590

Hyperplaslaofprostate................... ...600

Complc.aIlons of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerpenum...................... ...630-676

Pregnarrcy wrthaborfti eoutcome...... .,. ..63O+l38

Other complnsllons of pregnancy, childbith, and the

puerpenum..................... ...640-676

Con9enrWanomafies................. ..7+759

Certain rmndmons originatingm the perinatal

period................. .,..... ...760-779

Birth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth asphyxia,

andresplratory dislress syndrome.....,.. .767-769

Other conditions originating in the perinatal

pared................... ..7*76577C-779

symptoms, signs, end dldefinedwnditions.. ...780-799

Allotherdiseases.................... ..Residual

Accidents andadverse effects........... ,E800-E949

Motor vehdeaccidenls.............. .E81O-E825

All other acc[denls and adverse

effeCtS.............. .E8WJ-E807,E828-E949

Suicide.................. .,..... ..E85O-E959

Homicide endlegat intervarrtiin.......... .E860-E978

Allotherexternal causas............. .E980-Eg99

6,766

145,551

20,679

19,799

681

104,392

19,357

24,287

833

76,550

74,957

1,593

84,344

3,759

15,467

4,869

60,249

6,455

451

5,530

26,694

3,048

21,118

310

1,517

19,291

1,414

449

320

50

270

12,897

18,752

4,631

14,121

26,988

171,472

95,028

47,575

47,453

30,232

22,909

2,700

3,771

57,321

9,471

7,856

257

39,937

7,254

14.447

288

35,701

35,151

550

48,178

1,958

9,294

1,848

35,080

3,145

237

2,047

17,310

1,336

10,320

160

733

9,427

435

449 . .

.

...

...

6,812

10,511

2,803

7,708

15,205

79,288

63,912

32,704

31,208

24,102

17,886

1,956

4X995

86,230

11,208

12,143

424

84;455

12,103

9,850

345

40,849

39,806

1,043

36,166

1,603

6,173

3,021

25,169

3,310

214

3,463

9,384

1,712

10,798

150

784

9,864

979. .

.

320

50

270

6,085

6,241

1,828

6,413

11,783

92,184

31,116

14,671

16,245

6,130

5,223

744

6,649

125,516

16,818

17,495

615

90,588

17,791

21,986

544

67,853

66,344

1,509

77,861

3,522

14,590

3,761

56,008

5,664

354

4,791

22,211

2,738

16,607

241

1,201

15,165

1,203

375

180

21

159

10,291

11,306

3,037

8,289

20,597

147,014

79,139

40,491

38,648

27,424

11,308

1,973

2,619

46,563

7,485

6,673

221

34,184

6,652

13,279

241

30,892

30,379

513

44,046

1,823

8,665

1,352

32,206

2,701

185

1,711

14,414

1,210

6,093

126

590

7,377

358

375 . .

.

...

...

5,444

6,426

1,844

4,582

11,381

66,907

52,691

27,621

25,070

21,858

8,337

1,414

3,830

76,953

9,333

10,822

394

58,404

11,139

6,708

303

36,961

35,965

996

33,635

1,698

5,925

2,409

23,802

2,983

169

3,080

7,797

1,528

8,514

115

611

7,788

645. .

.

180

21

159

4,847

4,860

1,193

9,236

80,107

26,448

12,870

13,578

5,568

2,971

559

2,117

20,035

3,861

2,304

68

13,804

1,568

2,309

89

6,687

8,613

84

6,463

237

877

1,108

4,241

791

97

739

4,483

310

4,511

89

316

4,126

211

74

140

29

111

2,606

7,446

1,594

5,652

6,391

24,458

15,889

7,084

8,805

2,808

11,601

“727

952

6,758

1,988

883

36

5,753

1,168

47

4,808

4,772

37

4,132

133

629

498

2,874

444

52

336

2,888

126

2,227

34

14s

2,050

77

74

...

...

...

1,368

4,085

959

3,126

3,844

12,381

11,221

5,083

6,136

2,244

9,349

542

1,165

11,277

1,875

1,321

30

8,051

964

1,141

42

3,686

3,841

47

2,331

104

248

612

1,367

347

45

403

1,587

184

2,284

35

173

2,076

134 . .

.

140

29

111

1,238

3,361

835

2,726

2,547

12,077

4,668

2,001

“564

2,252

185

1,997

17,979

3,324

2,109

57

12,489

1,436

2,058

79

7,585

7,521

84

5,671

207

765

984

3,715

685

89

683

3,851

255

4,166

88

295

3,805

194

70

124

26

98

2,179

6,965

1,467

5,498

5,635

22,334

13,404

5,611

7,793

2,153

1o,e62

664

692

7,739

1,712

682

29

5,116

547

1,009

39

4,168

4,141

27

3,593

113

547

434

2,499

362

47

315

2,517

102

2,047

33

137

1,877

66

70

...

...

...

1,143

3,813

877

2,936

3,496

11,199

9,503

4,120

5,383

1,771

8,886

492

1,105

10,240

1,612

1,227

28

7,373

889

1,049

40

3,417

3,380

37

2,076

94

218

550

1,216

303

42

388

1,334

153

2,119

33

156

1,928

126 . .

.

124

26

96

1,036

3,152

590

2,562

2,339

11,135

3,901

1,491

2,410

382

2,074

172
Table 11. Death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1989 . .

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause+f-death codes, see Technfcal notes]

.4/ other

All races White Total Black

Cause of deafh (Ninth Revision International Both Both Both 8oth

Clasaificaffon of Diseaaea, 1975) sexes Male Female sexes Mete Female sexes Mate Female sexes Mala Female

Allcsusae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andamebiasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..004.006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . ...007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010418

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory aystem. . . . . . ...010-012

Olhertuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..013-0f8

Whooping Cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptococcal sore throat, acarlatina,

anderysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Maningoccccalinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Acutepoliomyefitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Viralhapatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090497

All other infectious and parasitic

@seaseS. .661 _3,005,02M32,037,03W41, *042-*044,

046-054,056-066,071 -088,098-1 39

Mafignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphaticandhematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Mafignant neoplasma of fip, oral cavity,

andpha~nx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Ma~gnant neoplasms of digestive organs

andperifoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Ma~gnant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracicorgana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Ma~gnantneoplasm ofbreast. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgenital organs . . . . ...179-167

Malignant neoplasrna ofurinary organs. . . . ...168-189

Ma~gnant neopfasms of all other and

unspscifiidsites . . .“.. . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Other mafignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhamatopoietictissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasm

ofuncertain behavior andof unspecified nature . .210-239

Oiabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-265

Meningitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Majorcardiovasculardiaeases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-448

Oiseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever ancfrheumafic heart disease. .380-398

Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Lschemichearf dkease.. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myocardial infartiton. . . . . . . . . . . ..41O

Othar acute and subacute forms of

ischemicheartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Anginapectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myooerdfai infection and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disease . . .412,414

Othardiseases ofendocardium . . . . . . . ..424

All other forms of heart

disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..415-423.425-429

886.3

0.0

0.1

0.8

0.6

0.2

●

●

0.1

7.8

●

0.0

0.6

0.0

11.6

198.9

3.3

48.2

57.3

17.4

22.1

6.2

24.6

7.4

11.5

2.7

18.9

1.2

1.6

0.4

375.4

295.6

2.5

8.4

1.0

200.6

99.5

1.4

0.4

99.4

4.9

76.2

921.0

●

0.1

1,1

0.9

0.2

●

●

0.1

7.0

,

●

0.7

0.1

19.8

217.6

4.4

52.2

76.6

0.2

25.7

10.7

27.0

8.3

12.2

2.5

16.3

0.9

E

372.8

304.3

1.6

7.4

0.8

212.9

111.0

1.6

0.4

99.9

4.4

77.4

814.3

0.;

0.5

0.4

0.2

*

*

0.1

6.5

●

●

0.5

0.0

4.3

183.0

2.2

44.4

38.8

33.7

16.7

5.7

22.3

6.4

10.6

2.9

21.3

1.5

1.6

0.4

377.6

287.3

3.3

9.5

1.1

189.0

86.5

1.2

0.5

98.8

5.4

79.1

887.2

●

0.1

0.6

0.4

0.1

●

●

0.1

7.4

●

●

0.6

0.0

9.9

207.8

3.2

49.2

20.0

18.3

22.3

8.8

26.0

7.9

12.2

2.8

16.2

1.2

1.5

0.3

392.6

310.5

2,6

7.2

0.8

216.2

106.6

1.4

0.5

107.6

5.4

76.3

930.2

●

0.1

0.7

0.6

0.1

●

*

0.1

6.6

*

●

0.7

0.0

16.8

223.3

4.2

52.7

79.1

0.3

25.5

li.6

28.4

8.8

12.8

2.6

15.9

0.9

1.2

0.4

386.1

316.3

1.6

5.9

0.6

229.3

119.6

1.6

0.4

107.7

4.7

76.1

646.0

●

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.1

●

●

0.1

8.3

●

●

0.5

0.0

3.2

192.9

2.2

45.6

41.6

35.6

19.2

6.0

23.6

7.0

11.6

3.0

20.4

1.6

1.7

0.3

397.3

303.0

3.6

8.4

1.0

203.7

94.6

1.2

0.5

107.4

6.0

80.4

755.2

●

0.2

2.1

1.6

0.5

●

●

0.2

9.6

●

4

0.7

0.1

21.9

157.6

3.6

43.0

43.3

12.4

21.3

4.9

16.9

4.6

7.7

2.1

22.4

1.2

2.3

0.9

262.7

216.4

1.4

15.2

1.6

117.7

60.4

1.4

0.3

55.6

2.5

77.9

670.8

●

0.3

3.0

2.4

0.6

●

●

0.1

9.4

●

●

0.9

0.2

34.9

186.6

5.6

49.7

64.5

0.2

27.3

6.0

19.3

5.5

8.7

1.9

18.4

1.1

2.2

1.1

289.4

228.2

1.1

15.1

1.6

123.5

64.3

1.6

0.3

57.3

2.5

84.4

649.5

●

0.2

1.3

0.8

0.4

●

*

0.2

9.8

●

●

0.6

0.1

10.0

131.5

1.8

36.9

23.9

23.6

15.9

3.9

14.7

3.8

6.9

2.3

28.0

1.3

2.4

0.8

276.5

205.6

1.8

15.2

1.9

112.3

56.8

1.2

0.3

54.3

2.5

71.9

872.9

*

0.3

2.3

1.7

0.6

●

●

0.2

11.6

●

●

0.7

0.2

26.9

181.2

4.1

47.9

50.6

14.5

25.3

5.7

19.3

5.0

8.6

2.4

25.9

z

1.1

329.1

252.5

1.5

18.5

2.1

135.0

69.1

1.6

0.3

03.s

2.8

92.7

t,006.5

●

0.3

3.3

2.7

0.7

●

●

0.2

11.3

●

*

0.7

0.2

43.2

216.2

6.5

54.9

76.4

0.2

33.3

6.9

22.2

6.0

9.9

2.2

21.1

1.3

2.8

1.3

333.5

263.5

1.2

16.5

1.9

139.2

72.5

1.9

0.3

64.5

2.8

100.0

752.4

*

0.2

1.4

0.9

0.5

●

●

0.2

11.9

●

●

0.6

0.1

12.2

149.6

1.9

41.6

27.4

27.3

18.1

4.5

16.7

4.2

7.8

2.6

30.3

1.6

2.6

32N

242.7

1.7

16.6

2.3

131.1

66.1

1.4

0.3

63.3

2.8

86.1
Hypertension with or without renal disease

.. ...401.403

Cerebrovascular dkeaae............ ...430-438

Irrfrecembral and other intracranial

hemorrhage.................... ..431-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

cdusion of cerebref arteries...... ...434.0.434.9

Cerebral emboliam................. ...434.1

Ail other and fate effects of oerebmvasculer

dieeases................ ..43O.4S3.435438

Atherosclerosis...................

......440

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andcapiilaries................... ...441-448

Acute bmncfriiis and bmnchicliis............ ...488

Pneumonia and Infiuenze.............. ...480-487

Pneumonia...................... ...460-486

hIfiuenze.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalli.ad condfiions................ ...49&496

Broncfrftie, chronband unspacifiad...... ...490-491

Emphysema.................... ..”.. ...492

Asthma............................ ...493

Other chronic obstrucfhre pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions................ ..494-496

Ukarofatomach andduodanum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obs!ructic+twithout ment”onofhernie..... .550-553,580

Chmnicliver diseeee and cirrhosis........... ...571

Cholefiihiasis and other disordars of

gallbladder..................... .,.,574-575

Nephriis, nephmtic syndrome, andnephrosls.. ..580-589

Acute glcmerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome....................... ..580-581

Chronic gfcmerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephmpathy, notspac”ted a,eacute or chronic,

andrenal sclerosis, unspacifiad....... .582-583,587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kidney of

unkncwn cause............ ...584-588.56&589

Infactions of kidney..................... ...590

Hyperplasia ofpmatate................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerparium................. ...83&876

Pragnancywith abortive outcome........ ...830-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................ ...740-759

Certain rmrrdtins orighating in the perinatal

period......................... ...760-779

Birth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespirato~ distress syndrome.. .767-769

Other condtions originating in the parinatal

periOd................... ..7e0-766.77o-779

Symptoms, signs, andill-defined conditions.. ...780-792

Allotherdiseasea.................... ..Resldual

Accidents andadveraeeffecfs........... .E600-E949

Motor vehiclaaccidenta.............. .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects................ .E8JJ0-E807,E826-E949

Suicide......................... .. E95GE95S

Hcmicide andlega lintervantiin.......... .E960-E978

Allotherextemal causee............... .E980-E999

3.5

58.6

8.3

8.0

0.3

42.1

7.8

9.8

0.3

30.8

31J.2

0.6

3-4.0

1.5

6.2

2,0

24.3

2.6

0.2

2.2

10.8

1.2

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.8

0.6

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.2

7.6

1.9

5.7

10.9

83.1

38.3

19.2

19.1

12.2

9.2

1.1

3.1

47.4

7.8

6.3

0.2

33.0

6.0

11.9

0.2

29.5

29.1

0.5

39.6

1.6

7.7

1.5

29.0

2.6

0.2

1.7

14.3

1.1

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.8

0.4

0.4 . .

.

...

...

5.6

8.7

2.3

6.4

12.6

65.5

52.8

27.0

25.8

19.9

14.6

1.6

3.9

69.3

8.8

9.5

0.3

50.6

9.5

7.7

0.3

32.1

31.3

0.8

28.4

1.4

4.9

2.4

19.8

2.6

0.2

2.7

7.4

1.3

8,5

0.1

0.6

7.8

0.8 . .

.

0.3

0.0

0.2

4.8

8.5

1.4

5.0

9.3

72.4

24.5

11.7

12.8

4.8

4.1

0.6

3.2

80.1

8.0 E

43.4

6.5

10.5

0.3

32.5

31.7

0.7

37.3

1.7

7.0

1.6

26.8

2.7

0.2

2.3

10.6

1.3

7.9

0.1

0.6

7.3

0.8

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.9

5.4

1.5

::

70.4

37.9

19.4

18,5

13.1

5.4

0.9

2.8

47.5

7.3

6.5

0.2

33.4

6.5

13.0

0.2

30.2

29.7

0.5

43.1

1.8

8.5

1.3

31.5

2.6

0.2

Il!

1.2

7.9

0.1

0.6

7.2

0.4

0.4 . .

.

...

...

5.3

6.3

1,8

1:

65.5

51.5

27.0

24.5

21.4

8.2

1.4

3.6

72.1

8.7

10.1

0.4

52.8

%0.4

6.2

0.3

34.6

33.7

0.9

31.7

1.6

5.6

2.3

22.3

2.8

0.2

2.9

7.3

1.4

8,0

0.1

0.6

7.3

0.8 . .

.

0.2

0.0

0.1

4.5

4.6

1,1

3.5

8.7

75.1

24.8

12.1

12.7

5.2

2.8

0.5

5.4

51.0

9.8

5.9

0.2

35.1

4.0

5.9

0.2

22.1

21.9

0.2

16.5

0.6

2.2

2.8

10.8

2.0

0.2

1.9

11.4

0.8

11.5

0.2

0.6

10.5

0.5

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.3

6.6

19.0

4.1

14.9

16.3

62.3

40.5

18,0

22.4

7.1

29.5

1.9

5.1

46.7

10.6

5.2

0.2

30.7

3.2

6.2

0.3

25.6

25.4

0.2

22.0

0.7

3.4

2.6

15.3

2.4

0.3

1.8

15.4

0.7

11.9

0.2

0.8

10.9

0.4

0.4 . .

.

...

...

7.3

21.8

5.1

16.7

20.5

88.0

59.8

27.1

32.7

12.0

49.8

2.9

z

9.1

::

39.2

4.7

5.6

0.2

18.9

18.7

0.2

11.4

0.5

::

6.7

1.7

0.2

2.0

7.7

0.9

11.1

0.2

0.8

10.1

0.7. .

.

0.7

0.1

0.5

6.0

16.4

3.1

13.3

12.4

58.9

22.7

9.8

13.0

1%

0.9

6.5

58.6

10.6

6.9

0.2

40.7

4.7

6.7

0.3

24.7

24,5

0.2

18.5

0.7

2.5

3.2

12.1

2.2

0.3

2.2

12.6

0.8

13.6

0.2

1.0

12.4

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.3

7.1

22.7

4.8

17.9

19.0

72.8

43.7

18.3

25.4

3;:

2.2

6.1

53.2

11.8

6.1

0.2

35.2

3.8

6.9

0.3

28.7

28.5

0.2

24.7

::

3.0

17,2

2.5

0.3

2.2

17.3

0.7

14.1

0.2

0.9

12.9

0.5

0,5 . .

.

...

...

7.9

26.2

6.0

20.2

24.0

77.0

65.3

28.3

37.0

12.2

61.1

3.4

6.9

83.5

10.0

;;

45.6

5.5

6.5

0.2

21.2

21.0

0.2

12.9

0.6

1.4

3.4

7.5

1.9

0.3

2.3

6.3

0.9

13.1

0.2

1.0

12.0

0.8 . .

.

0.8

0.2

0.6

6.4

19.6

3.7

15.9

14.5

69.1

24.2

9.3

15.0

2.4

12.9

1.1
Table 12. Age-adjusted death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1989 . .

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Computed by the direct method, using as the standard population the age distribution of tha total population of the United States as enumerated in 1840. For

explanation ofasterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Techniml notes]

All ofher

All races White Tote/ Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Both Both Both Both

Claasiticafion of Diseases, 1975) sexes Male female sexes Male Female sexes Mete Female sexes Male Female

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andamebiasis. . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Cwtainotherintestinali nfecfions . . . . . . ..007-009

Tuberculoaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory ayatem. . . . . . . ..010-012

Ofhertuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..013-018

Whooplngcough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptococcal sore throat, scartatina,

anderysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcal infecflon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Acutepoliomyefifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Virelhepafiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-097

All other infectious and parasitic

dkeases. .001 -003,005,020-032,037,03W141,*042-*044,

046-054,056-066,071 -066,098-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Iymphaticand hematopoietictieeues . . . . . . . ..140-206

Malignant neoplasms of tip, oral cavity,

andpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

andperitoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracicorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Malignant naoplasmofbreast. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignantneoplasmsofgenitalorgans . . . . ...178-187

Malignant neoplaams of urinary organs. . . . ...188-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified aites . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Other matignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietic tissuaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200–203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior andof unspecified nature . .210-239

Oiabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260–269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..32~22

Majorcardiovasculardiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-448

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .390-398

Hypertensive heart cfisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . .410-414

Acute myocardial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemicheartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4~l

Anginapactoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms

ofchronic iachemic heart disease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseases ofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

523.0

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.4

0.1

●

●

0.1

4.1

●

0.0

0.5

0.0

10.8

133.0

2.4

30.0

40.3

12.5

13.1

5.0

17.2

4.9

7.6

1.7

11.5

0.5

0.9

0.4

194.2

155.9

1.5

4.8

0.5

105.1

55.9

0.8

0.2

48.2

2.4

678.7

●

0.1

0.8

0.7

0.2

●

●

0.1

4.8

●

●

0.7

0.0

18.5

162.4

3.6

38.6

59.3

0.2

16.1

7.7

21.3

6.3

9.4

1.9

12.0

0.5

1.0

0.4

254.2

210.2

1.2

5.5

0.5

148.3

78.6

1.2

&3

66.0

2.9

395.3

●

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.1

●

●

0.1

3.6

*

*

0.3

0.0

3.4

111.7

1.3

23.1

25.4

23.0

12.0

3.0

13.8

3.9

6.2

1.5

11.0

0.5

0.9

0.3

146.1

112.3

1.8

4.1

0.4

72.4

37.5

0.5

0.2

34.2

2.1

496.1

●

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.1

*

*

0.1

3.6

4

●

0.4

0.0

8.6

130.2

2.1

28.5

39.7

12.5

12.4

5.1

17.2

5.0

7.6

1.6

10.3

0.4

0.7

0.3

186.7

151.0

1.5

3.6

0.3

105.3

56.1

0.8

0.2

48.3

2.4

644.2

*

0.1

0.5

0.4

0.1

*

*

0.1

4.1

*

●

0.6

0.0

15.5

157.2

3.2

36.5

57.4

0.2

14.9

7.8

21.3

6.4

9.3

1.8

11.0

0.5

0.8

0.3

247.4

205.9

1.1

4.1

0.4

146.2

80.0

1.1

Q.z

66.8

2.8

374.9

●

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

●

●

0.1

3.1

●

*

0.3

0.0

2.3

110.7

1.3

22.1

25.8

22.9

11.7

3.0

13.9

3.9

6.2

1.5

9.6

0.4

0.6

0.2

137.9

106.6

1.6

3.0

0.3

71.0

36.7

0.5

0.2

33.6

2.1

6S4.8

●

0.2

2.0

1.5

0.5

●

●

0.1

8.1

●

●

0.8

0.1

22.0

152.6

3.9

40.5

44.0

12.7

16.7

4.5

16.5

4.3

7.4

1.9

20.7

0.8

2.1

0.9

244.4

188.4

1.4

14.2

1.5

100.9

53.4

1.3

0.2

46.0

2.1

896.4

●

0.2

3.2

2.5

0.7

4

●

0.1

9.4

*

●

1.0

0.2

36.5

201.4

6.6

53.9

72.3

0.2

26.1

6.3

21.1

5.7

9.3

2.0

19.9

1.0

2.2

1.1

300.3

237.9

1.2

16.7

1.7

128.0

67.7

1.7

0.3

58.4

2.5

515.0

*

0.1

1.1

0.7

0.4

●

●

0.2

7.1

*

●

0.6

0.1

9.6

116.7

1.7

30.3

22.4

22.6

14.3

3.2

13.0

3.3

5.9

1.9

21.2

0.7

2.0

0.7

200.7

149.7

1.6

12.1

1.4

79.8

42.3

0.9

0.2

36.4

1.8

763.1

●

0.2

2.3

1.7

0.6

*

●

0.1

9.6

*

*

0.7

0.2

27.6

172.7

4.4

44.4

50.9

14.7

21.7

5.1

18.6

4.6

8.3

2.1

23.7

1.0

2.5

1.0

280.1

216.4

1.5

17.2

1.8

113.5

80.0

1.5

0.3

51.8

2.4

1,032.1

●

0.3

3.6

2.9

0.7

●

●

0.1

11.2

●

*

0.8

0.2

48.2

230.6

7.6

59.0

84.6

0.3

31.3

7.1

24.0

6.1

10.5

2.3

22.6

1.1

2.7

1.3

343.7

272.6

1.3

20.3

2.0

142.9

75.4

2.0

0.3

65.3

2.6

585.6

●

0.1

1.2

0.8

0.4

●

●

0.1

6.4

●

*

0.6

0.1

11.8

130.9

1.9

33.3

25.4

26.0

16.0

3.6

14.5

3.5

6.6

2.1

24.2

0.8

2.4

0.8

230.7

172.9

1.6

14.6

1.6

90.9

48.1

1.1

0.2

41.5

2.0
All other forms of heart

disease................. ..415-423,42S428

Hypertension withorwithout renal disease.. ...401.403

Cerebrovaacular diseases.............. .43&438

lnlracarebral and olher Intracranial

hemorrhage.................... ..431 +32

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

Ocxiusionofcerebral arteries........ .434.0,434.9

Cerebralembolism................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

diseases............... ...430.433.435-438

Atheroscler&s.. ..................... ..44o

Other disea~a of atieties, arterioles,

andcepi[laries................... ...441-448

Acute broncttiiisandbronchiolitis............ ...466

Pneumoniaandi nfluenza.............. ...480-487

Pneumonia...................... ...480-486

Influenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliadconditions ...,............ ...480-496

Bronchitis, chronic andunspecifled...... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedcondtions............... ...494-496

Ulcer ofslomach and duodenum........... .531–533

Appendwitii...................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

Obafructionwithoutmentionofhamie..... .550-553,560

Chmnictiierdiseaee andcirrhosis........... ...571

Cfdeliihiasisandother dwrdarsof

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, naphmficsyndrome, and nephrosis. ...5569569

Acute glomerulonephitis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...560-581

Chronic gkxnerulonephriiis, nephritis and

nephropafhy, notspac”f~~acufe or chronic,

andrenal scferos!q unapacifiad....... .582-563,587

Renal failure, dwrders resufting from impaired

renal function, end small ktinay of

unknown cause.............. .564-566,566-589

Infecfiisof ktinay..................... ...590

Hyperpfesia ofproatete................... ...600

~@iitiOnS of P03(Inency, chNdMrfh,

andthepuerparium................. ...630-676

Pregnancy wifhabortive oufcome......... ..63O-638

Other carnpliifions of pregnancy, chitdbirthr

Sndthepuwperium.............,. ...640-676

Congenital arrornaiii................ ...740-759

Certain conditions orfginstmg in the perinetal

period......................... ...760-779

6irth trauma, intrauterine -a, birfh

asphyxia, andreapirabny distraeeayndmme.. .767-769

Ofher condifiins originating in the perfnafel

period................... ..76&766.77G779

Symptoms, signs, andilkfefined condtions.. ...780-799

Another d&aases.................... ..Res”@ual

Accidents endacfvwraeeffecte.......... .. E800-E949

Motor vehicla accidente.............. .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effacta............... .. EE949ErI!07.E826-E949

Suicide......................... .. E950-E959

Homlclde andlagef intervention.......... .E960-E976

Allofhef extemalcaus=ss.............. .. E980-E999

41.5

1.8

28.0

5.2

3.5

0.1

19.2

2.9

5.4

1:;

13.4

0.3

19.4

0.8

3.7

1.4

13.5

1.3

0.1

1.1

8.9

0.6

4.4

0.1

0.3

4.0

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.0

7.3

1.8

5.5

6.1

36.6

33.8

18.9

14.9

11.3

9.4

1.0

53.6

2.1

30.4

5.9

3.9

0.1

20.5

3.4

8.1

0.2

17.9

17.7

0.3

26.4

1.1

5.2

1.2

16.9

1.7

0.2

lilt

0.7

5.6

0.1

0.4

5.0

0.2

0.2 . . . . . . . . .

5.2

6.0

2.1

5.9

10.5

46,3

49,5

26.6

22.7

16,6

14.7

1.5

31.5

1.6

26.2

4.8

3.2

0.1

18.2

2.6

3.4

1:;

10.4

0.3

14.7

0.6

2.6

1.6

9.8

1.1

0.1

1.0

5.5

0.5

3.6

0.0

0.3

3.3

0.3 . .

.

0,3

0.0

0.2

4.7

6.6

1.4

5.1

5.9

32.3

16.9

11.2

7.6

4.5

4.1

0.5

37.8

1.4

25.9

4.5

3.4

0.1

17.9

3.0

i:

13.0

12.7

0.3

19.6

0,8

3,9

1.2

13.9

1.3

0.1

1.0

8.3

0.6

3.7

0.0

0.3

3.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.6

5.5

1.5

4.0

6.9

35.9

32.9

19.1

13.6

12.0

5.4

0.9

49.2

1.7

28.0

5.0

3.7

0.1

19.2

3.4

8.3

0.1

16.9

16.6

0.3

26.8

1.1

5.4

1.0

19.3

1.6

0.1

1.0

11.9

0.7

4.7

0.1

0.4

4.3

0.2

0.2 . .

.

...

...

5.1

6.1

1.7

4.3

9.0

43.1

47.8

26.6

21.0

19.6

6.1

1.3

28.3

1.2

24.1

4.1

3.1

0.1

16.9

2.6

3.3

1::

10.0

0.3

15.2

0.7

2.8

1.3

10.3

1.0

0.1

1.0

5.0

0.5

3.0

0.0

0.2

2.7

0.3 . . .

0.2

0.0

0.2

4.5

4.6

1.2

3.7

3;;

18.5

11.5

7.0

4.6

2.6

0.5

68.3

4.8

43.3

9.8

4.7

0.2

2a.7

2.7

5.2

0.2

17.8

17.6

0.1

14.9

0.5

2,0

2.8

9.5

1.8

0.2

1.5

12.5

0.6

9.8

0.1

0.7

9.0

0.4

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.3

5.5

14.6

3.1

11.5

14.2

55.4

39.5

16.2

21.3

24

1.8

67.6

5.3

47,7

11.9

5.2

0.2

30.4

2.9

6.5

0.2

24.9

24.7

0.2

22.4

T4

2.8

15.5

2,5

0.3

1.7

18.0

0.7

11.6

0.2

0.8

10.9

0.4

0,4 . .

.

...

...

5.8

15.8

3.7

12.1

16.9

68.1

61.2

27.6

33.4

12.2

49.8

2.9

53.0

3=

8.0

4.3

0.1

27.4

2.6

4.2

1:.;

12.4

0.1

9.7

0.4

1.0

2.9

5.4

1.2

0.2

1.3

7.9

0.6

8.3

0.1

0.6

7.6

0.5 . .

.

0.7

0.1

0.5

5.2

13.4

2.5

10.9

10.1

45.4

20.6

9.7

10.9

1:;

0.9

60.1

5.7

49.0

10,6

5.4

0.2

32.6

3.1

5.9

0.2

19.8

19.7

0.1

16.6

0.6

2.2

3.3

10.6

1.9

0.3

1.8

13.9

0.7

11.4

0.2

0.6

10.4

0.5

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.3

5.9

17.3

3.6

13.6

16.5

64.3

42.7

18.5

24.1

7.1

35.7

2.2

103.3

6.4

54.1

13.4

6.0

0.2

34.5

3.3

7.2

0.2

27.9

27.7

0.2

24.9

0.7

3.8

3.2

17.1

2.6

0.3

2.1

20.5

0.7

13.9

0.3

1.0

12.6

0.4

0.4 . .

.

...

...

6.2

18.6

4.3

14.4

22.3

79.5

67.3

28.4

38.0

12.5

61.5

3.5

62.2

5.1

44.9

8.7

5.0

0.1

31.1

2.9

4.9

0.2

13.8

13.7

0.1

10.9

0.5

1.1

3.3

6.0

1.4

0.2

1.5

6.5

0.7

9.6

0.1

0.7

8.6

0.6 . . .

0.7

0.2

0.6

5.5

15.9

3.0

12.9

11.7

52.5

21.6

9.1

12,5

2.4

12.5

1.0
Table 13. Deaths and death rates from 16 selected subcategories of Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopokrtic tissues, by race and sex

United States, 1989

[Rates per lC@300 population in specifii group]

Ail other

.4 races Whife Tofal Black

Both Both Both Both

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975) sexes Male Female sexas Maia Female saxes Male Female sexes Male Female

Malignant neopfasms, including neoplaems of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant neoplaem of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150

Ma~gnant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...151

Ma~gnant neoplesms of colon, rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and anus . . . . . ...153.154

Ma~gnant neoplaam of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157

Maf@rant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..162

Ma~gnant rnalanoma of skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172

Ma~gnant naoplasm ofcervixuferi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...180

Mafignant neoplasms of body of uterus and of uterus, part unspecified . . . . . . ...179.182

Ma~gnant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183.0

Malgnant naoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Ma~gnant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188

Ma~gnant neoplasms of Mdneyand otharand unspacified urina~ organs. . . . . . . . .189

Ma~gnmtnwplasms of bminand other anduns~ified patisof nawous system ..191,192

Hwlgkin’s diseasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2o1

Malignant fymphoma other than Hodgkin’sdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...200.202

Muitiple myefoma andother immunoprofiieratiie neoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..203

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of fymphatic and hamatopoiatic

tissueal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Ma~gnant naoptaem ofasophsgus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150

Maliinent neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...151

Ma~gnant nwplasms ofmfon, ractum, redosigmoid junction, and anus . . . . . ...153.154

Ma~gnant naoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157

Ma~gnant neoplasms oftrachea, bronchus, and lung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..162

Ma~gnant mekmomaofskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172

Maf&rantneoplasmof cewixuteri... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...180

Ma~g~nt nmplasma of Wyofutems andofuterus, patiunspecfied. . . . . . ...179.182

Ma~gnant na@asmofovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183.0

Ma~gnantneoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Ma~gnant naoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188

Ma~gnant nwplasms of Mdneyand other andunspwifiad urina~ organa . . . . . . . ...189

MaKgnant nwplasms of bminand otharand unspecified paflsof newous system ..191,192

Hodgkin’a disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...201

Malignant lymphoma other than Hodgkin’sdisaase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...200.202

Multiple myelome andother immunoproliierative neoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..203

496,152

9,637

14,186

56,261

24,543

137,150

6,161

4,487

5,850

12,256

30,520

10,121

10,112

11,130

1,721

18,197

8,587

199.9

3.9

5.7

22.7

9.9

55.2

2.5

1.8

2.4

4.9

12.3

4.1

4.1

4.5

0.7

7.3

3.5

283,309

7,154

8,520

27,770

11,985

89,052

3,738

. .

. . .

.

30,520

6,843

6,133

6,046

1,007

9,420

4,335

217.6

5.9

7.0

23.0

9.9

73.6

3.1

. . .

. . .

. . .

25.2

5.7

5.1

5.0

0.8

7.8

3.6

232,643

2,463

5,688

28,491

12,578

48,098

2,425

4,487

5,850

12,256

. . .

3,278

3,979

5,084

714

8,777

4,252

183.0

2.0

4.5

22.4

9.9

37.8

1.9

3.5

4.6

9.6

. . .

2.6

3.1

4.0

0.6

6.9

3.3

434,156

7,489

11,449

49,807

21,236

121,023

6,027

3,321

4,911

11,228

25,469

9,193

9,114

10,372

1,533

16,833

7,106

207.6

3.6

5.5

23.8

10.2

57.9

2.9

1.6

2.4

5.4

12.2

4.4

4.4

5.0

0.7

8,1

3.4

24,848

10,386

77,659

3,676

. . .

,..

. . .

25,469

6,308

5,542

5,641

692

8,643

3,800

223.3

5.4

6.7

24.1

10.2

76.0

3.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

24.9

6.2

5.4

5.5

0.9

8.5

3.5

226,301 205,655 61,996

5,531 1,938 2,168

6,636 4,613 2,737

25,159 6,454

10,850

43,364

2,351

3,321

4,911

11,228

. .

2,865

3,572

4,731

641

8,190

3,506

Rate

192.9

1.8

4.3

23.6

10.2

40.6

2.2

3.1

4.6

10.5

. . .

2.7

3.3

4.4

0.6

7.7

3.3

3,307

16,127

134

1,166

939

1,028

5,051

928

998

758

188

1,384

1,481

157.6

5.5

7.0

16.4

8.4

41.1

0.3

3.0

2.4

2.6

12.9

2.4

2.5

1.9

0.5

3.5

3.6

35,008

1,623

1,664

3,122

1,579

11,393

60

. . .

. . .

. . .

5,051

535

591

405

115

777

735

166.6

8.7

9.0

16.6

8.4

60.7

0.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

26.9

2.9

3.2

2.2

0.6

4.1

3.9

26,968

545

1,053

3,332

1,728

4,734

74

1,166

939

1,028

. . .

393

407

353

73

587

746

131.5

2.7

5.1

16.2

8.4

23.1

0.4

5.7

4.6

5.0

. . .

1.9

2.0

1.7

0.4

2,9

3.6

55,584

2,047

2,249

5,768

2,954

14,703

109

1,049

869

890

4,785

853

866

634

173

1,135

1,387

181.2

6.7

7.3

18.8

9.6

4s.0

0.4

3.4

2.8

2.9

15.6

2.8

2.9

2.1

0.6

3.7

4.5

31,452

1,524

1,380

2,728

1,403

10,457

46

. ..

. ..

. . .

4,765

484

525

335

107

643

684

216.2

10.5

9.6

18.7

9.6

71.9

0.3

. . .

. . .

.. .

32.9

3.3

3.6

2.3

0.7

4.4

4.7

II

24,112 z

523

859 9

5

3,042 =

1,551

4,246 ~

632

1,049 ~

669 G

690 #

. . . =

369 ~

363

299 :

643%

492 =

703 .

s

r

149.6 “$

3.2

5.3 $

16.8 ~

9.6

G 26.3 ~

0.4

6.5 :

5.4 *

5.5 ~

. . .

2.3 $

2.3 “*

1.9 ~

0.4

3.1 g

4.4

— ..

llndudas figuresfor subcategories not shown.
Table 14. Deaths and death rates by I&year age groups and age-adjusted death rates for Human Immunodeficiency virus infection, by

race and sex United States, 1988-89

[Human Immunodaficiency virus infadion deaths are those assigned to category numbers *042-*044 introduced in the United States in 1987; see Technical notes]

Age

AgeAfl Under 14 514 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-& 65-74 75-64 85 years adjusted

Year,race, and sex agasl 1Yearz years yeara years yaara years years yeara years years and over rete3

1989

Allracaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Famate . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81ack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

198s

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969

Allraoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196s

Allraoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,082

19,758

2,324

15,095

14,114

6,~7

5,s44

%

5,475

1,320

16,602

14,811

1,791

11,267

10,478

768

5,335

4,332

1,003

5,197

4.202

“885

8.9

16.3

1.8

7.2

13.e

0.9

17.8

80.1

6.5

22.2

37.6

6.2

6.8

12.4

;

10.3

0.7

13.9

23.6

5.0

17.2

28.3

6.3

120

54

8s

:

25

8S

27

41

86

27

41

61

49

32

33

23

:

26

z

26

22

3.0

2.7

3.4

1.6

1.7

1.6

8.7

6.6

10.6

11.0

IY4

2.1

2.5

1.7

1.1

1.4

6.;

:;

8.1

6.7

7.5

112

53

59

44

:

z

28

6s

40

28

114

62

2

26

22

z

30

z

30

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.4

●

0.5

H

2.0

3.0

3.5

2.5

0.8

0.8

0.7

K

0.4

2.3

2.5

2.2

3.0

3.2

2.8

64

41

23

2

12

23

12

1!

12

10

z

20

30

23

7

24

11

13

23

10

13

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.;

*

●

0.4

*

●

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.:

●

●

0.4

●

●

613

502

111

::

52

249

18U

2::

184

56

535

447

3E

282

2:;

165

48

209

161

48

z

0.6

1.2

2.1

E

5.6

1.7

4.5

6.9

2.1

1.4

2.4

0.5

;::

z

4.8

1.4

3.8

5.9

1.7

7,759

6,606

953

5,137

4,752

“385

2,622

2,054

568

2,559

1,997

562

6,036

5,279

757

3,907

3,599

308

2,128

1,660

2,::

1,s32

446

17.7

31.0

4.4

14.0

25.6

2.1

36.6

Sol

15.2

45.9

75.9

19.1

13.8

24.2

3.5

10,7

19.5

3;

50.0

12.1

37.8

62.6

15.4

8,563

7,640

723

5,627

5,572

255

2,736

2,266

466

2,681

2,201

4s0

6.184

5:856

528

4,221

4,015

206

1,363

1,641

322

1,912

1,592

320

Ftete

23.5

43.5

3.9

18.7

35.8

1.6

51.4

92.5

16.3

S6.8

121.1

21.2

17.5

32.5

3.0

14.0

26.7

3s

70.4

11.6

50.2

91.7

15.4

3,285

3,063

“202

2,446

2,354

8%

729

110

8W

701

108

2,352

2,214

138

1,748

1,682

66

604

532

72

567

517

70

13.2

25.5

1.6

11.4

22.3

0.8

24.4

46.7

5.9

30.9

59.9

7.5

9.7

18.6

1.1

8.4

16,4

0.6

18.2

35,2

4,0

23,0

45.2

5.0

1,144

1,054

%)

860

807

53

284

247

2Z

239

33

867

784

6%

595

51

221

189

32

206

178

30

5.3

10.3

0.8

4.6

9.0

0.5

10.5

20.2

2.5

12.6

24.5

2.6

4.0

7.6

E

6.5

0.5

8.3

15.7

2.2

9.7

18.4

2.6

327

67

249

197

52

78

63

15

76

62

14

62

232

179

53

54

44

10

52

42

10

~.8

3.2

0.7

1.5

2.7

0.6

4.0

7.4

●

4.8

9.2

*

H

0.6

1.5

2.5

0,6

2.8

5.4

*

3.4

6.4

●

70

44

26

2

20

10

4

6

10

4

6

79

53

26

68

46

22

11

7

4

10

7

3

0.7

1.2

0.4

0.7

F4

●

●

●

●

●

*

0.8

1.5

~6

E

*

●

*

*

●

●

12

6

4

10

6

4

:

1

1

11

8

3

10

;

1

1

1

1

●

●

*

●

●

●

●

●

●

*

*

*

●

*

*

●

●

*

*

*

*

*

●

●

. . .

.. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

,..

. . .

. ..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. ..

. ..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

8.7

15.7

1.8

7.0

13.1

0.9

18.0

31.5

6.4

22.9

40.3

8.1

6.6

12.0

1.4

5.3

9.9

1:::

24.8

4.9

17.9

31.6

6.2

1 F@m b ageM+ aratad indud~ in AH agesbut nordlalribvrsdamon9age 9rouPs.

%@! ratesunder 1 year (baaedon populationeathat@ dfir frominfantmoflalii rares (baaedon livebhlhs);see Iablea E and 22-26 forinfantmortalityratesand Technicalnotasforfurther

dhwaalonofthsd~encs.

3FOrmti~d~ption, ssaTachnkalnores.
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

Table 15. Deaths and death rates for major causes of death for the United States, each division, and State; and by race and sex for the

United States, 1989

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the MM? Rev/sion International

Classification of Diseases, 19754

Malignant

neop/asms,

irrc/uding

neoplasms

of /ymphatic and

Diseases of heart hemafopoietic Cerebrovaacular Acddents and Motor vehicle

(390-398,402, tissues diseases adverse effects accidents Suicide

Race, sex, 404-429) (140-208) (430-438) (E800-E949) (E810-E825) (E950-E958)

and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

36S.202

646,866

325,397

323,469

85,001

42,805

42,196

77,4-31

38,321

39,110

39,189

3,814

2,818

1,475

17,S36

3,417

9,829

134,226

64,823

24,317

45,086

132,164

35,357

17,112

36,709

28,098

14,668

55,401

10,879

9,881

17,704

1,874

2,401

5,128

7,734

130,746

1,961

12,108

1,973

15,778

7,332

16,980

9,556

16,754

46,304

50,529

12,253

15,467

13,182

9,S27

72,080

8,341

12,754

10,698

40,287

28,665

2,041

2,315

968

6,102

3,014

8,768

2,728

2,729

304.3

287.3

310.5

318.3

303.0

216.4

228.2

205.6

252.5

263.5

242.7

300.4

312.1

254.6

260.1

301.6

342.4

303.5

355.8

361.1

314.3

374.5

312.5

324.2

306.0

314.9

303.0

305.9

310.4

249.9

340.9

343.2

283.9

335.8

316.3

307.8

303.2

291.4

257.9

326.7

258.7

394.8

288.8

272.1

260.3

365.4

328.0

326.8

313.1

320.1

367.3

268.9

346.7

291.1

3S1.8

237.1

212.1

253.2

228.3

203.8

184.0

197.3

246.6

159.6

245.6

263,309

232,843

434,156

226,301

205,855

61,886

35,008

26,988

55,564

31,452

24,112

29,291

2,615

2,168

1,094

13,630

2,449

7,135

85,294

38,083

17,990

29,211

86,660

23,216

11,361

23,929

16,337

9,815

36,948

8,016

6,187

11,623

1,357

1,444

3,306

5,011

91,473

1,429

9,496

1,703

11,262

4,380

12,976

6,495

11,150

32,580

32,285

8,257

10,151

8,608

5,269

48,129

5,526

S,506

6,681

27,414

21,354

1,578

1,672

754

4,705

2,249

6,458

1,858

2,060

United States . . . . . . . . . . . 733,867 295.6 496,152

Male! . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire. . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland. . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . .

EastNorth Central. . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . .

West North Central . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic. . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia. . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . .

North Carolina. . . . . . .

South Carolina. . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . .

WeetSouthCentral. . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . .

199.9

217.6

183.0

207.6

223.3

192.8

157.8

186.6

131.5

181.2

216.2

149.6

224.5

230.4

195.8

192.9

230.5

245.4

220.3

226.1

212.2

232.5

242.6

204.9

212.9

203.1

205.3

197.7

201.7

207.0

184.2

217.9

225.3

205.6

202.0

205.3

199.4

212.2

212.3

202.3

282.0

184.7

235.9

197.5

184.9

173.2

257.1

209.6

221.5

205.5

209.0

201.0

178.2

229.7

194.2

207.2

161.3

158.0

196.8

164,9

158.7

141.8

147.2

181,6

108,8

167.2

145,551

57,321

68,230

125,516

46,563

76,953

20,035

8,758

11,277

17,979

7,739

10,240

7,415

726

566

298

3,430

606

1,769

20,985

9,145

4,111

7,729

25,360

6,277

3,796

6,865

5,198

3,242

12,141

2,846

2,142

3,460

403

511

1,157

1,622

26,790

323

2,264

446

3,319

1,178

4,613

2,462

3,755

6,410

10,825

2,513

3,550

2,869

1,693

15,169

2,035

2,472

2,282

8,380

6,792

431

577

170

1,322

563

1,641

638

450

56.6

47.4

69.3

60.1

47,5

72.1

51.0

46.7

55.0

58.6

53.2

63.5

56.8

59.4

51.1

52.6

56.0

60.7

55.2

55.6

50.9

53.1

64.2

60.0

57.6

67.9

58.9

56.1

66.6

66.0

65.4

75.4

67,1

61.1

71.5

71.8

64.5

62.1

46.0

46.7

73.8

54.4

63.4

70.2

70.1

58.3

66.4

70.3

67.4

71.9

69.7

72.2

56,2

84.6

56.4

70.8

49,3

42.9

53.5

56.9

35.8

39.9

36.8

46.1

37.4

40.5

95,028

63,912

31,116

79,139

52,691

26,448

15,889

11,221

4,668

13,404

9,503

3,901

3,864

431

362

226

1,621

287

937

11,981

5,422

2,120

4,439

14,762

3,638

2,054

4,081

3,277

1,712

6,968

1,540

1,147

2,165

222

326

612

974

18,368

250

1,413

221

2,216

893

3,176

1,850

3,018

5,331

7,813

1,722

2,S39

2,208

1,544

11,209

1,293

1,913

1,335

6,668

5,631

359

480

211

1,103

615

1,631

554

478

38.3

52.8

24.5

37.9

51.5

24.8

40.5

59.8

22.7

43.7

65.3

24.2

29.6

35.3

32.7

39.9

27.4

28.8

26,9

37.8

30.2

27.4

36.9

34.9

33.4

36.7

35.0

35.3

35.2

39.1

35.4

40.4

42.0

33.6

45.9

38.0

38.8

42.6

37.1

30.1

36.6

36.3

48.1

48.3

52.7

46.9

42.1

50,7

46.2

47.3

53.8

58.9

41.5

53.7

43.7

41.4

39.2

41.7

44.5

47.3

44.4

33.3

53.3

45.9

32.5

43.0

47,575

32,704

14,871

40,491

27,621

12,670

7,084

5,083

2,001

5,611

4,120

1,491

1,797

186

192

109

749

119

442

6,365

2,432

949

1,964

7,384

1,769

1,034

1,932

1,773

856

3,331

676

551

1,068

101

161

312

462

9,651

119

737

86

1,015

480

1,569

950

1,661

2,994

3,890

811

1,140

1,136

803

5,771

666

909

672

3,524

3,043

172

246

114

568

490

861

312

278

19.2

27.0

11.7

19.4

27.0

12.1

18.0

27.1

9.8

18.3

28,3

9.3

13,8

15.2

17.3

19.2

12.7

11.9

13.6

14.2

13.5

12.3

16.5

17.4

16.2

18.5

16.6

19.1

17.6

18.7

15.5

19.4

20.7

15.3

22.5

19.4

1a.4

22.4

17.7

15.7

14.2

16.6

25.8

24.2

27.1

26.1

23.6

25.2

21.8

23.1

27.6

30.6

21,4

27.7

20.7

20.8

20.7

22.5

21.3

24.5

24.0

17.1

32.1

24.2

18.3

25.0

30,232

24,1 0:?

6,130

27,424

21 ,s5/1

5,566

2,608

2,244

564

2,1.X3

1,77”1

382

1,284

170

126

94

49’1

100

303

3,473

1,51!3

503

1,451

4,726

1,235

676

1,171

1,046

597

2,114

515

315

665

70

90

174

285

5,942

95

525

51

814

231

871

424

655

2,076

1,954

482

652

506

314

3,330

246

542

416

2,12.6

2,389

161

160

82

549

296

an

211

257

12.2

19.9

4.6

13.1

21.4

5,2

7.1

12.0

2.7

7.0

12.2

2.4

9.8

13.9

11.4

16.6

8.3

10.0

8.4

9.2

8.5

lH

11.2

11.3

12.1

10.0

11.3

12.3

11.8

11.8

11.1

12.9

10.6

12.6

10.6

11.3

13.6

14.1

11,2

6.4

13.3

12,4

13.3

12,1

13.3

16.4

12.7

12.9

13.2

12.3

12.0

12.3

10.2

12.4

12.9

12.5

17.7

20.0

15.8

17.3

16.6

19.5

18.9

12.4

23.1
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~ 35

Table 15. Deaths and deeth rates for major causes of death for the United States, each dlvislon, and State; and by race and sex for the

United States, 19a9- Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the NM Revision hrterrrational

Classification of Diseases, 19751

Malignant

neoplesms,

including

neoplasms

of lymphatic and

Diseases of heart hematopoletlc Cerebrovascular Accidents and Motor vahlcle

(38%5?78,402, tissues diseases adverae effects

Race, sex,

accidents

404429) (140-208) (430-438) (E800-E949) (E81O-E825)

and area Number Rate Number Rata Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Suicide

(E950-E959)

Number Rate

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,867 237.4 64,718 169.1 21,054 55.0 14,412 37.6 7,363 19.2 5,020

Washington . . . . . . .

13.1

11,199 235.2 6,718 183.1 2,886 56.4 1,703 35.8 859 18.0 646

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . 7,588

13.6

289.1 5,821 206,4 2,025 71.8 1,24a 44.3 641 22.7

California. . . . . . . . .

470 16.7

69,610 239.5 46,165 165,7 15,755 54.2 10,787 37.1 5,626 19.4 3,704 12.7

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . 476 90.3 440 83.5 97 18.4 372 70.6 93 17.6 89

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 1,994

16.9

179.3 1,574 141.5 491 44.2 302 27.2 144 12.9 109 9.6
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992

Table 16. Deaths by age according to specified Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic origin, and sex: Total of 44 reporting States and

the District of Columbia, 1989

[For a listing of reporting States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic origin, race rbr Under 1-4 5-14 15–24 25-34 3544 45-54 55-64 65–74 75-84 85 years Not

non-Hispanic origin, and sex Total 1 year years years years yaars years years years yaars years and over stated

All origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PuertoRican . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central and South American .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C2therand unknown Hk.panic.

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-Hispanicl . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatedz . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,960,745

1,016,507

944,238

76,379

45,975

30,404

37,885

22,967

14,918

10,174

6,275

3,899

7,388

4,174

3,214

5,031

2,986

2,045

15.901

9,573

6,328

1,884,732

959,297

905,435

1,612,878

820,893

791,985

225,626

123,074

102,552

19,634

11,235

8,399

36,065 6,617 8,115

20,363 3,720 4,929

15,702 2,897 3,186

4,440 913 872

2,462 508 538

1,978 405 334

2,582 557 547

1,451 311 336

1,131 246 211

500 105 112

259 59 65

241 46 47

79 12 13

39 6 9

40 6 4

298 65 51

155 37 29

143 28 22

981 174 149

558 95 99

423 79 50

30,674 5,635 7,162

17,372 3,171 4,341

13,302 2,464 2,821

19,053 3,814 5,205

10,983 2,156 3,171

8,070 1,656 2,034

10,457 1,526 1,646

5,725 652 1,000

4,732 674 646

951 69 81

529 41 50

422 26 31

33,042

24,549

8,493

4,291

3,485

806

2,548

2,112

436

507

386

121

82

62

20

450

377

73

704

548

156

26,306

20,722

7,586

20,475

14,729

5,746

6,820

5,244

1,576

443

342

101

54,929

40,135

14,794

6,666

5,307

1,359

3,086

2,544

542

1,203

900

303

280

246

32

709

567

142

1,388

1,046

340

47,307

34,107

13,200

32,983

24,120

8,863

12,983

9,065

3,918

956

721

235

73,608

50,534

23,074

6,517

4,961

1,556

2,699

2,010

669

1,462

1,144

318

366

310

56

608

451

157

1,362

1,046

336

65,887

44,660

21,227

47,212

32,193

15,019

16,967

11,395

5,572

1,204

913

291

107,167

67,639

39,328

6,380

4,353

2,027

2,894

1,943

951

1,177

815

362

550

396

154

519

331

186

1,240

868

372

99,379

62,491

36,688

76,767

48,387

28,380

20,321

12,738

7,583

1,406

995

413

235,406

144,536

90,870

9,873

6,068

3,785

5,022

3,091

1,931

1,435

908

527

992

646

346

586

318

270

1,836

1,125

711

223,014

136,708

86,306

185,085

114,462

70,623

34,238

20,080

14,158

2,519

1,740

779

437,745

253,487

164,256

12,820

7,280

5,540

6,479

3,720

2,759

1,507

833

674

1,476

876

600

722

327

395

2,636

1,524

1,112

421,048

243,836

177,212

367,610

214,430

153,380

48,041

26,341

21,700

3,877

2,371

1,506

547,890

268,113

279,777

14,103

7,074

7,029

6,864

3,493

3,371

1,392

643

749

2,142

1,070

1,072

628

268

360

3,077

1,600

1,477

529,350

258,815

270,535

476,024

234,282

243,742

45,788

21,279

24,509

4,437

2,224

2,213

419,866

137,942

281.724

9,439

3,859

5,580

4,575

1,928

2,647

772

262

510

1,395

511

884

391

124

267

2,306

1,034

1,272

406,746

132,936

273,608

376,308

121,691

254,417

26,769

9,314

17,455

3,481

1,145

2,336

495

360

135

65

60

5

32

28

4

2

1

1

1

1

—

2

2

28

28

222

136

66

142

67

55

70

41

29

206

164

44

Ilncludesracestiherthanwhfie and black.

‘IncludesdeathsthatOmurredinSates that did not report Hmpamc ong!n on the death Certificate.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~ 37

Table 17. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age groups: Total of 44

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1989

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. For a listing of reporting Statea, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

order International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number

. ..

1

2

3

,..

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

9

. . .

,.,

1

...

.,.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8

10

. . .

All ages 1

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases Ofheati. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..140-208

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverae

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerabroveecular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430438

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . ..’042-’044

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

CertekI condtions originating in the perinatal

perfod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effeote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . ..140-208

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E96C-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Human immunodeficlency virus Infeotion . . . . . .“042-’044

Sulclde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Maningococcel infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

of uncertain behavior and of unspecified nature . .210-239

Certain conditions originating in the

perlnatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76C-779

Another ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1S-24 yeare

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E60C-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E825-E949

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E976

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hernatopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Human Immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . . .*042-*044

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . ., . . . . . . . . ...460487

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,430-438

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.........250

Another oauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

76,379

19,054

13,366

7,062

4,141

2,921

3,801

3,448

3,099

2,450

2,342

2,290

2,006

17,461

1,786

706

385

321

189

166

109

56

40

37

17

16

16

16

415

4,291

1,816

1,352

464

1,131

404

191

109

86

26

24

24

14

White non-Hispanic

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

order International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number

,..

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

All agee 1

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14C-206

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430436

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8E949949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E826

All other accidents and adverae

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia and Influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Chronic liver dieease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Atheroscleroals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 yeacs

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effeots , . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effeots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoletic tissues . . . . . . ...140-206

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E976

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Benign neoplams, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms of

uncertain behavior and of unspecified nature. . . .210-239

Chronic obstructive pulmonary ckseases

andallled conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

16-24 years

All causes.............,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E60C-E807,E826-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Congenital anomalies . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human Immunodeficlency virus infeotion . . . . ..’042-’044

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .. ,480487

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and alliad conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, . . . . .. Residual

1,612,878

572,231

381,086

110,903

69,620

65,008

32,939

32,069

59,672

32,449

23,351

18,192

15,753

264,611

9,019

4,006

2,026

1,982

1,032

633

319

277

177

168

91

76

76

1,962

20,475

11,182

8,940

2,242

3,360

1,192

1,155

465

318

239

138

124

65

2,197

8ee footnote at end of table.
38 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

Table 17. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age grouprx Total of 44

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1989-Con.

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. For a listing of reporting States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

order International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number

.. .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. .

6

9

10

. . .

2.5--44 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E826-E949

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . .’042–’044

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . .E960-E976

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . .140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . .430436

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . .460-467

Diabetes meliiius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Another ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-64 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . .14C-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . ..571

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430436

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . . . .*042–*044

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . .480487

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E976

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 yeara and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseaaes of heart. . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-206

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . ..430-438

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480-467

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E626-E949

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . ..571

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis . . .580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

13,163

2,779

1,581

1,196

2,364

1,766

1,169

829

707

564

275

190

130

2,406

16,253

4,264

4,202

1,088

913

501

412

800

709

526

332

325

301

2,773

36,362

13,800

7,520

2,672

1,670

1,591

1,256

711

279

432

619

549

428

5,546

Wh/te non-H/span/c

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

order Intarnatlonal Cleesiflcetion of Dlsesses, 1975) Numbar

.. .

1

. .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

,..

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

3

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . , . . . . . . . ,E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81 CI-ES25

All other accidente and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E849

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398.402,404-429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95GE959

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . . .“042-’044

Homicide and legal intarventlon , . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Chronic liver disease and ckrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-64 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,40W29

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E610-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E626-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and alliad

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Cerebroveecular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430+38

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . ..571

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950=E959

Pneumonia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Human Immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . . .“042-’044

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 years and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietlc tissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KJW38

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..49W98

Pneumonlaa ndinfkrenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480-487

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidente and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

80,195

16,245

10,9s3

7,262

14,0s1

9,007

S,S02

8,077

3,282

2,394

1,593

1,344

1,055

12,336

261,652

98,S37

78,040

10,102

5,078

5,024

10,102

8,991

7,528

5,811

5,687

3,474

2,596

30,S86

1,222,142

484,002

265,925

100,065

58,865

54,538

25,193

20,968

5,7s3

15,183

15,080

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, andnephrosis . . . .580-5S9 12,467

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038 10,942

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual 174,099

llnclud.es dsathsunderl year ol age.
Table 18. Deatha and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex United States, 1979-89

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For listing of drug-induced causes, see Technical notes]

All other

All mces White Total Black

Both Both Em Both

Yesr sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Mala FemaIe

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,710

10,917

9,79a

9,976

8,663

7,692

7,492

7,310

7,108

6,300

7,101

4.1

4.2

3.8

3.9

3.5

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.1

6,895

7,004

6,146

6,284

5,342

4,640

4,145

4,130

3,835

3,771

3,656

5.4

5.6

4.9

5.1

4.5

3.9

3.5

E

3.4

3.4

3,815

3,973

3,650

3,692

3,321

3,252

3,347

3,180

3,271

3,129

3,445

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.9

8,336

8,409

7,547

7,948

6,846

6,308

6,187

5,991

5,683

5,814

6,116

3.7

3.8

3.4

3.7

3.2

3.0

2.9

::

2.9

3.1

Number

5,249 3,087 2,374

5,234 3,175 2,506

4,600 2,847 2,249

4,885 3,063 2,028

4,172 2,774 1,717

3,587 2,722 1,663

3,378 2,609 1,305

3,251 2,740 1,319

3,042 2,821 1,243

3,068 2,726 1,086

3,077 3,039 985

Age-adjusted death rate 1

4.8 2.6 6.1

4.8 2.7 6.7

4.3 2.5 6.1

4.6 2.7 5.7

4.0 2.5 4.9

3.5 2.5 4.7

3.3 2.5 3.9

3.3 2.5 4.1

3.1 2.7

3.2 2.6 :;

3.2 3.0 3.4

1,646

1,770

1,548

1,399

7,170

1,053

767

879

793

::

9.1

10.2

9.1

6.5

7.3

6.7

5.1

5.8

5.6

4.9

4.3

728

738

703

629

547

530

538

440

450

403

408

3.4

3.8

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.6

‘2,236

2,395

2,101

1,806

1,600

1,460

1,194

1,212

1,152

1,006

697

7.4

6.2

7.4

6.6

5.8

5.5

4.5

4.7

4.6

:;

1,570

1,700

1,465

1,335

1,107

887

724

822

751

648

540

11.4

12.9

11.3

10.5

6.9

8.2

8.1

6.9

6.6

5.8

4.9

666

695

636

571

493

483

470

390

401

358

357

4.1

4.3

4.1

3.7

3.3

3.2

3.3

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.7

1For method of comLwtation, Sae Tschnicsltie.?.

Table 19. Deathsand age-adjusteddeath ratesforalcohol-induced causes, byraceand sex: United States, 1979-89

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For listing of alcohol-lnducad causes, see Technical notes]

AII other

All races write Total Black

Both Both Both 60m

Yasr sexes Male Female sexes Ma\a FamaIe sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1684 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,810

16,672

17,819

17,425

17,741

17,605

17,400

17,541

16,660

19,765

18,951

%

6.8

6.7

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.2

7.8

8.4

6.2

14,860

14,206

13,461

12,988

13,216

12,895

12,812

12,803

13,600

14,447

13,788

11.5

11.1

10.8

10.5

10.9

10.6

10.6

11<2

12.0

13.0

12.6

4,850

4,666

4,358

4,439

4,525

4,611

4,588

4,638

5,060

5,316

5,163

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.4

E

4.0

4.3

4,3

14,632

14,035

13,361

13,198

13,216

13,364

13,288

13,527

14,199

14,815

14,334

6.1

5.9

5.7

U

5.9

5.9

6.1

8.5

X

11,307

10,661

10,172

9,a84

9,922

9,986

9,863

10,042

10,441

10,936

10,513

Number

3,525 4,978

3,354 4,637

3,189 4,45a

3,334 4,227

3,294 4,525

3,398 4,222

3,425 4,112

3,465 4,014

3,758 4,481

3,879 4,950

3,821 4,617

Age-adjusted death rate 1

2.8 14.1

:: 2.7 14.2

9.1 2.6 13.4

8.9 2.7 13.0

9.1 2.6 14.5

9.3 2.9 13.9

9.3 14.0

9.7 :: 14.2

10.2 3.3 16.4

10.6 3.5 la.8

10.6 3.5 18.1

3,653

3,525

3,268

3,122

3,294

3,008

2,849

2,861

3,159

3,511

3,275

22.9

22.8

21.9

21.4

23.3

22.1

22.3

22.6

25.6

29.5

28.3

1,326

f,312

1,163

1,105

1,231

1,213

1,183

1,153

1,302

1,439

1,342

6.9

7.0

6.4

%

7.3

7.2

7.4

8.8

10.0

9.7

4,400

4,234

4,055

3,653

4,114

3,776

3,708

3,603

4,0rM

4,451

4,132

16.2

16.2

15.6

15.1

16.6

15.6

15.6

15.7

17.9

20.4

19.2

%

3,026

2,662

3,030

2,710

2,666

2,573

2,858

3,170

2,953

26.8

26.6

28.0

25.0

27.2

25.0

25.1

25.3

28.7

32.4

30.4

1,437

1,136

1,027

691

1,064

1,066

1,040

1,030

1,142

1,281

1,179

7.6

7.7

7.2

7,0

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.1

9.3

10.6

10.1

lFor methodof computstiin,sse T-hnicsl notes.
40 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(!32 ● January 7, 1992 ~

Table 20. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, by marital status, race, and sex United States, 1989

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Marital status sexes Male Fema/e sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Famala

Number 1

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094,043 1,081,890 1,012,153 1,815,876 928,826 887,050 278,167 153,064 125,103 251,198 137,253 113,945

Never married . . . . . . . . . . 214,392 132,593 8~ ,799 166,528 99,078 67,450 47,864 33,515

Ever married . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856,842

14,349 44,465 30,919 13,546

934,703 924,239 1,633,530 816,717 814,813 225,412 115,986 109,426 202,425 103,219

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915,028 643,345

99,206

271,663 610,064 570,829 239,235 104,964 72,516 32,448

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . .

91,500 63,192 28,308

772,985 192,338 580,647 681,697 166,363 515,314 91,268 25,955

Divorced, . . . . . . . . . . . 170,929 99,020

65,333 83,812

71,909

23,804 60,008

141,769 81,505 60,264 29,160 17,515

Notsteted . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,645 27,113

20,709 14,594

16,223

6,115 15,816 11,031

10,690

4,767 4,691 3,563 1,326 4,306 3,1’15 1,193

Percent distribution 2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Never marbled . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 12.4 9.3 10.8 7.8 17.5 22.4

Evermarried . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 67.6

11.6

97::

18.0

90.7

23.1 12.0

89.2 92.4 82.5 77.6

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 60.3

88,4

27.0

62.0 76.9

45.0 62.2

88.0

27.1 38.4 46.5

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.3 18.0

26.2 37.1

57.7

47.1

37.9

25.1

18.1 58.4 33.4 17.4

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 9.3

52.8 33.9

7.1

17.7

7.9

53.2

8.9 6.8 10.7 11.7 9.4 11.0 12.1 9.7

‘Excludes figures for age not stated.

20enominatom ti~metititibtilon exclude desthsof persons of unknown rIIaMSStUS.

Table 21. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for agea 15 years and over, by educational attainment, race, and sex Total of 21

reporting States, 1989

A// other

All races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Years of school completed sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O-S years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%lly eara. . . . . . . . . . . .

12yeare, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeare or more . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-6yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-n years . . . . . . . . . . . .

12yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yearsormore . . . . . . . .

637,945

212,522

100,431

267,638

96,509

87,741

51,104

100.0

27.0

12.8

36.6

12.5

11.2

436,504

107,404

57,223

142,662

51,014

52,605

25,596

100.0

26.1

13,9

34.7

12.4

12.6

401,441

105,118

43,208

144,976

47,495

35,136

25,506

100.0

26.0

11.5

38.6

12.6

9.3

744,637

164,649

85,193

260,266

90,420

61,762

42,547

100.0

26.3

12.1

37.1

12.9

11.6

Numberl

384,416 360,421 93,108

92,549 92,100 27,673

48,412 36,781 15,238

127,066 133,176 27,372

46,467 43,953 8,069

49,137 32,625 5,979

20,763 21,784 8,557

Percent distribution 2

100.0 100.0 100.0

25.4 27.2 33.0

13.3 10,9 16.0

34.9 39.3 32.4

12.8 13.0 9.6

13.5 9.6 7,1

52,088

14,855

6,811

15,574

4.547

3,468

4,633

100.0

31.4

18.6

33.0

9.6

7.3

41,020 75,417

13,018 22,548

6,427 13,266

11,796 22,447

3,542 6,334

2,511 3,619

3,724 7,003

100.0 100.0

34.9 33.0

17.2 19.4

31.6 32.8

9.5 9.3

6.7 5.6

41,764

12,166

7,616

12,624

3,437

1,944

3,957

100.0

32.2

20.1

33.4

9.1

5.1

33,653

10,362

5,650

9,823

2,897

1,875

3,046

100.0

33.9

16.5

32.1

9.5

6.1

1Excludes figures for age not stated.

2Qanominatom of parcant diardbutlon exclude deathsof persons of unknown educational attainment.
Table 22. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-89

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 daya), and postneonatal (28 days-l 1 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1989,

race for Ne bitttw Is tabulated according to race of mothefi see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Tote/ Black

Both Both Both Both

Year sexes Male Female sexes Male FemaIe sexes Male Female sexes Male Femala

Race of motherl

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child2

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T987, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mothert

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child 2

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1687 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1665 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

197s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother 1

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild2

1889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1883, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1680 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.8

9.8

10.0

10.1

10.4

10.6

10.8

11.2

11.5

11.9

12.6

13.1

13.8

14.1

15.2

16.1

20.0

26.0

29.2

47.0

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.7

8.0

8.5

6.9

9.5

9.9

10.9

11.6

15.1

18.7

20,5

26.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.7

3,8

H

3.9

4.7

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.5

x

8.7

18.3

10.8

10.8

11.0

11.2

11.5

?1.9

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.1

13.9

14.5

15.3

15.8

16.8

17.8

22.4

29.3

32.6

52.5

8.6

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.4

7.8

7.7

8.0

6.5

8.8

9.3

9.8

10.5

11.0

12.0

12.9

17.0

21.2

23.3

32.6

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.9

5.4

8.1

9.4

19.9

6.6

8.6

8.9

6.9

9.1

9.3

9.8

10.0

10.2

10.7

11.2

11.6

12.2

12.4

13.8

14.2

17.5

22.6

25.5

41.3

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.5

6.9

7.2

7.6

7.9

8.4

8.7

9.7

10.2

13.1

18.1

17.5

24.7

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.9

;;

4.0

z

8.0

16.6

8.1

8.2

8.5

8.6

8.9

9.3

9.4

9.7

10.1

10.5

11.0

11.4

12.0

12.3

~3.3

14.2

17.6

22.9

26.8

43.2

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.6

6.1

6.2

6.4

6.8

7.1

7.5

7.9

z

9.7

10.4

13.8

17.2

19.4

27,2

2.9

3.0

:;

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

;::

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

;:;

7.4

16.0

9.0

E

9.6

10.0

10.6

10.5

10.8

11.2

11.7

12.3

12.8

13.4

13.9

14.8

15.9

20.0

26.0

30.2

48.3

5.7

5.6

. 5.9

6.1

6.4

E

7,1

7.5

7.8

6.3

E

9.8

10.7

11.7

15.5

19.7

22.2

30.9

7.1

7.2

7,4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.3

8.6

8.9

9.2

9.6

9.9

10.6

10.7

11,7

12.3

15.4

19.8

23.1

37.8

16.3

15.2

15.0

15.4

15.7

15.8

16.1

16.8

17.3

17.8

19.1

19.8

21.1

21.7

23.5

24.2

30.9

43,2

44.5

73.8

17.8

16.4

18.2

16.9

17.3

17.2

17.3

18.3

18.9

19.2

20.7

21.5

23.1

23.7

25.5

26.2

34.2

47.9

48.9

82.2

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.9

5.1

5.3

5.5

5.7

R

6.6

6.9

7.4

7.6

6.5

9.0

11.9

14.7

16.4

23.3

10.3

9.6

9.7

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.2

10.8

11.3

11.6

12.5

12.9

14.0

14.7

16.3

16.8

21.4

26.9

27,5

39.7

11.1

10.3

10.5

11.0

11.1

11.3

11.0

11.7

12.4

12.8

13.5

13.9

15.5

16.0

17.7

18.2

23.9

30.0

30.8

44.9

Postneonatal mortality rate

3.4 2.5 6.0 6.5

2.5 5.6 6.1

~ 2.7 5,4 5.7

3.8 2.7 5.4 5.9

3.6 2.7 5.6 6.2

2.7 5.5 6.0

~ 2.8 5.6

3.7 2.9 6.0 %

3.7 28 5.9 6.5

3.8 .3.0 6.0 6.5

4,0 3.0 6.6 7.2

4.0 3.0 6.9 7.6

4.0 3.2 7,0 7.6

4.1 7.0 7.7

4.1 :: 7.2 7.6

4.2 3.3 7.5 8.0

4,4 3.5 9.5 10.3

6.3 4.9 16.4 17.8

8.0 6.7 16.9 18.1

17.5 14.5 34.1 37.3

15.0

14.0

13.8

13.9

14.0

14.4

14.8

15.2

15.5

16.3

17.5

18.1

18.9

19.6

21.4

22.2

27.5

38.5

39.9

65.2

9.5

6.9

8.8

9.0

9.1

9.4

9.5

9.7

10.3

10.9

11.5

11.8

12.4

13.3

14.9

15.3

18.9

23.6

24.2

34.5

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.3

6.4

5.3

5.4

6.0

6.3

6.5

:

6.9

8.6

14.8

15.7

30.7

18.6

17.7

17.8

17.9

18.0

16.2

18.4

19.2

19.6

20.0

21.4

21.6

23.1

23.6

25.5

26.2

32.6

44.3

43.9

72.9

11.9

11.3

11.5

11.7

11.7

12.1

11.8

12.4

13.1

13.4

14.1

14.3

15.5

16.1

17.9

18.3

22.8

27.8

27.8

39.9

6.7

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.3

6.1

6.5

6.8

6.6

6.6

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.9

9.9

16.5

16.1

33.0

20.0

19.0

19.0

19.6

20.0

19.9

19.8

21.1

21.5

21.7

23.3

23.7

25.4

25.9

27.6

28.3

36.2

49.1

48.3

81.1

i2.8

12.2

12.5

12.9

13.0

13.2

12.7

13.6

14.3

14.6

15.3

15.5

17.2

17.8

19.5

19.8

25.4

31.1

31.1

44.6

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.8

7.0

6.7

7.1

7.4

7.3

7.1

7.9

8.2

8.2

8.3

6.4

8.5

10.8

18.0

17.2

36.4

17.2

16.3

16.1

16.0

16.0

16.5

16.9

17.2

17.7

18.3

19.4

19.8

20.8

21.3

23.2

24.0

29.0

39.4

39.4

64.6

11.0

10.4

10.4

10.5

10.5

10.9

10.9

11.2

11.8

12.3

12.8

13,1

13.7

14.5

16.3

16.6

20.1

24.5

24.4

34,9

8.2

5.9

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.9

U

6.0

6.6

6.7

7.0

6.8

6.9

7,2

8.9

14.9

15.0

29.7

lInM deti &W on MCSof decadent livebirthsbassd on raceot mother SeeTechnicalnOfOS.

21nM d~ti$ &Jsti on rw of decadent, Ike birthsbssedon race of chikt see TechnicalnOteS.
42 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992

Table 23. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causes by race: United States, 1989

[Rates per 100,OW live births in specified group. For explanation o~asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. Beginning In 1989, race for live

births Is tabulated acmrding to race of mothen see Technical notes]

All All

Cause of death (Ninth Revision IntemWronal Classification of Diseases, 1975) races 1 White Black races 1 White Black

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain lnteetinal infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...008-009

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Meningomccal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

Septicemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Vlraldiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045-079

Congenitalsyphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090

Remainder ofkrfeotious andpareeitic diseases . . . . . .001,007,01CU132,034-035,

037,039+41 ,“042-”044,080-088,091 -139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplssms of lymphatic

and hematopoletictiasues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, end neopleems of uncertain

behavior sndof unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...210-239

Diseaseaofthymusgland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...254

Cysticfibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...277.0

Diseases ofblood andblood-forming organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-289

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Other diseases ofnewoussyatemand sense organs. . . . . . . . . . . ...323-389

Acute upper respiratory infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-465

Bronchitis andbronchioliiis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468,49C-491

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..48M87

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480486

Influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...467

Remainder ofdiseaaes ofrespiratory system . . . . . . . . . . . . .470+78,492-519

Hernia of abdominal cav”~ and intestinal obelruction without

mentionofhernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...550-553.560

Gastritis, duodenitis, andnoninfective enteritis andcolltie. . . . . . ...535.555-558

Remainder ofdiseases ofdlgestive system. . . . . . . . .520-534,536-543,562-579

Congenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74CJ-759

Anencephalus and similaranomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740

Spkrabifida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..741

Congen”kalhydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..742.3

Other congenital anomalies of central nervous system

and eye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742.0-742.2,742.4-742.9,743

Congenitalanomalies ofheart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...745-746

Othercongenitel anomalies ofclrculatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...747

Congenital anomalies ofrespiratory syetem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..746

Congenital anomalies ofdigeetiveayetem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74S-751

Congenital anomalies ofgenltourlnary system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...752-753

Congenial anomalies ofmusculoskeletel system . . . . . . . . . . . . ...754-756

Down’ssyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .758.0

Otherchromosomalanomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,758.1-758.9

Another endunspecified congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . ...744.757.759

Certain conditions originating lntheperlnatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . ...780-779

Newborn affected by maternal conditions which may be unrelated

topresentpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..780

Newborn affected bymatemal compllcetlons ofpregnanoy . . . . . . . . . ...761

Newborn affe~ed bycomplimtions dplacenti, mrd, andmembmnes. . ...762

Newborn affected byothercomplicatlons oflaboranddelive~. . . . . . . . .763

Slowfetel growth and fetal malnutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..764

Disorders relatingto shortgeatation and unspecified lowblrthweight. . . ...765

Disorders relating tolonggestatlon andhlghblRhwelght . . . . . . . . . . . .766

Birthtrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...767

Intrauterine hypoxia and birthaephyxla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768

Fetal distress in Weborninfant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768.2-768.4

Birthasphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..768S-768.9

Respiratorydistresssyndrome... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Other respiratory condtiionsofnewbom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .770

Infections specificto the perinatel period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Neonatal hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...772

Hemolytic disease of newborn, due to isoimmunizatlon, and other

perinataljaundice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...773-774

Syndrome of “infant of a diabetic mother” and neonatal diabetes

melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...775.-775.1

Hemorrhagicdiseaseofnewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..776.0

All other and ill-defined conditions originating In the perinatel

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...775.2-775.9.776.1-779

Symptoms, signs, and illdefined condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...780-799

Sudden lnfantdeathsyndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..798.0

Symptoms, signa, andallothe rilldefine dcondtions. . . . . .760-797,798.1-799

See footnote at end ot table.

39,655

92

9

5e

290

139

19

274

107

56

6

El

229

492

34

103

636

624

12

384

88

100

171

8,120

460

73

172

314

2,559

491

1,256

111

473

543

93

897

678

18,564

199

1,534

984

68

30

3,931

22;

725

193

532

3,631

3,344

892

263

37

10

3

2,690

6,627

5,634

993

25,794

3e

7

43

i 73

89

4

143

92

39

5

11

46

128

363

29

56

396

366

10

230

57

48

96

6,312

367

63

119

244

1,963

354

954

82

388

431

7%

522

11,181

104

987

672

41

22

1,961

1

147

466

131

335

2,384

2,013

571

168

22

6

1,594

4,323

3,773

550

12,527

49

2

12

110

40

15

124

15

15

3:

87

109

3;

210

206

2

139

27

51

69

1,498

56

7

44

54

479

124

281

26

77

92

18

135

125

6,907

87

516

288

24

7

1,867

2~

50

177

1,159

1,238

300

89

15

2

3

1,015

2,017

1,617

Rate

981.3

2.3

*

1.4

7.2

3.4

*

6.8

2.6

1.4

*

●

2.2

5.7

12,2

0.8

2.5

15.7

15.4

*

S.5

2.2

2.5

4.2

200.9

11.4

1.8

4.3

7.8

63.3

12.2

31.1

2.7

11.7

13.4

2.3

22.2

16.8

459.4

4,9

38.0

24.4

1.7

9!:

*

1?9

4.8

13.2

89.9

82.6

22.1

6.5

0.9

*

*

66.6

1S4.o

139.4

24.6

808.0

1.2

*

1.3

5.4

2.6

*

4.5

2.9

1.2

*

*

1.5

4.0

11.4

0.9

1.6

12.4

12.1

*

7,2

1.8

1.5

3,0

197.7

12.1

2.0

3.7

7.6

62.1

11.1

29.9

2.6

12.2

13,5

2.3

22.3

16.4

350.2

3.3

30.9

21.1

1.3

6~

●

4.6

14.6

4.1

10.5

74.7

63.1

17.9

5.3

0.7

●

*

49.9

135,4

118.2

17.2

1,661.0

6.4

*

*

16.3

5.9

*

18.4

*

●

*

*

4.9

12.9

16.2

*

5.5

31.2

30.9

*

20.8

4.0

7.6

10.3

222.5

8.3

*

6.5

8.0

71.2

18.4

38,8

1?:

13,7

*

20.1

18.6

1,026,1

12.9

76.7

42.8

3.6

*

277.4

●

10.4

33.7

7.4

26.3

172.2

183.9

44.6

13.2

●

●

*

150.8

298.6

240.2

59.4
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. Janua~ 7, 1992 ~ 43

Table 23. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causee by racm United States, 1989-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 live births In specKied group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. BegInning In 1989, race for live

births is tabulated according to race of mothec see Technical notes]

All

Oeuse of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Dlaeaees, 1975)

All

races 1 White Black races 1 Write Black

Number Rate

Accidents sndadverse effecte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8OC-E949 996 6t4 335

Inhalation and ingestion of food or other object causing obstruction of

24.6 19.2 49.8

respiratory tract or suffocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Egll-Eg12 162 99 57

Accidental mechanical suffocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E913

4.0 3.1 8.5

248 139 96

Other accidental causes and adverse effects . . . . . , . .E8OO-E91O,E914-E949

6.1 4.4 14.3

586 376 182

Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E96E96969

14.5 11.8 27.0

835 178

Child battering and other maltreatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E967

142 5.6 21.1

122 67 H

Other homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E860-Eg66.Eg6s-Egsg

2.1 7.3

213 111 ::

Another oauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

5.3 3.5

1,621

13.8

1,069 476 40.1 34.1 70.7

1ln~ludm races othsrthan white and bkk.
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

Table 24. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for the 10 leading cauaes of infant death: United Statss, 1989

[Rates per 100,000 ~webirths. Beginning in 1989, race for live births Is tsbulated according to race of mothec see Technical notes]

Rank order~ Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of DLseases, 1975) Number Rate

1

:

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

;

3

4

5

;

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

All races 2

All Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Sudden infant death syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Msordem relating toshoti ges@tion andunspecMed low Mtihweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Resplratoy diatress syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affected bymaternal complications of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..761

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800-E949

Newborn aff*edby mmpliations ofplacenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..762

Infections speciric totheperinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Mrauterine hypoxia and birth asphvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

All othercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

White

All csuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenftalanomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Sudden infantdeath syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..798.O

Respiratorydietress syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Disorders relating toshofigestation and unspecified low bkthwelght ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Newborn affected by maternal complications ofpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Newborn affected bycomplications ofplacenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Accidentsand adverseeffects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E800-E949

Infectionsspecifictothe perinatalperlod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Intrauterinehypoxiaand birthasphyxla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

All othercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Black

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders relating toshortgestatlon and unspecified lowbkthweight . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . ..765

Sudden infantdeath syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...796.0

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Respiratorydistress syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affected by maternal complications ofpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..761

Amidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E600-E949

Infections specifictothe perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..771

Newborn affected bycomplications ofplacenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762

Intrauterine hypoxiaand birthasphyxla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..460–467

Allotheroauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

39,655

8,120

5,634

3,931

3,631

1,534

996

984

692

725

636

12,572

25,794

6,312

3,773

2,364

1,981

987

872

614

571

466

396

7,638

12,527

1,667

1,617

1,496

1,159

516

335

300

286

227

210

4,510

981.3

200.9

- 139.4

97.3

89.9

36.0

24.6

24.4

22.1

17.9

15.7

311.1

608.0

197.7

116.2

74.7

62.1

30.9

21.1

19.2

17.9

14.6

12.4

239.3

1,861.0

277.4

240.2

222.5

172.2

76.7

49.8

44.6

42.8

33.7

31.2

670.0

lRank basedon numberof desths see Technical notes.

21ncludes races other tian white and black.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~ 45

Table 25. Total deaths and death rates, and infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates for the United States, each division, and Stat%

and by race and sex for the United States, 1989

Total deaths Infant deaths (under 1 year) Neonatal deaths (under 28 days)

Race, sex, and area Number Ratel Number Ratez Number Rate2

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MlddleAtlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EaatNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IIlinols, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weet NorlhCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iwa. . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota...........,.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EaatSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMexioo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,150,466

1,114,190

1,036,276

1,653,641

950,652

902,969

296,625

183,338

133,287

267,642

146,393

121,249

115,965

11,165

8,472

4,566

53,922

9,557

28,243

366,645

171,679

71,455

123,711

372,051

98,375

49,094

103,366

78,861

42,355

161,074

34,307

27,195

50,426

5,510

6,549

14,800

22,287

390,693

5,843

38,353

7,649

47,172

19,558

57,477

29,618

52,258

132,765

145,242

35,396

45,452

39,006

25,386

217,006

24,647

37,665

29,816

124,87S

95,293

6,755

7,468

3,254

21,144

10,572

28,212

9,239

8,649

286,297

36,163

24,916

216,619

2,095

6,502

866.3

921.0

814.3

887.2

930.2

646.0

755.2

870.8

649.5

872.9

1,006.5

752.4

866.9

915.3

765.3

808.8

911.9

957.6

872.0

972.4

956.4

923.7

1,027.5

679.6

901.9

877.6

666.7

850.4

870.2

902.3

788.1

957.6

977.4

634.8

915.9

918.7

866.9

906.1

868.2

617.1

1,266.4

773.6

1,053.2

674.7

843.3

812.0

1,047.8

942.8

949.8

920.1

947.2

966.6

603.6

1,024.4

659.5

924.8

735.0

705.1

636.1

736.5

665.1

637.4

691.9

793.4

541.2

77s.5

747.8

759,6

683.6

745.3

397.5

564.7

39,655

22,361

17,294

25,794

14,760

11,034

13,861

7,601

6,260

12,527

6,842

5,685

1,616

129

142

59

704

151

433

5,943

3,094

1,135

1,714

7,012

1,624

855

2,235

1,646

652

2,286

476

323

771

77

106

192

341

7,531

127

809

270

969

209

1,156

733

1,358

1,900

2,539

494

790

755

500

4,420

366

832

405

2,817

2,109

132

154

65

461

233

620

265

159

6,195

691

366

4,669

107

160

9.8

10.8

8.8

8.1

9.0

7.1

16.3

17.6

15.0

16.6

20.0

17.2

6.1

7.4

8.0

6.9

7.7

10.2

8.8

10.2

10.6

9.3

10.2

10.7

9.9

10.2

11.7

11.1

::

7,1

8.3

9,9

8.0

9.6

7.9

lE

11.6

10.3

22.9

10.0

9.4

11,3

12.8

12.3

9.8

10.9

9.2

10.8

12.1

11,6

9.5

10,2

11.4

8.5

9.2

8.9

11.3

9.7

9.4

8.7

8.5

9.2

8.0

6.1

6.6

9.2

8.9

8.5

%

25,168

14,059

11,109

16,428

9,273

7,155

8,740

4,766

3,954

6,021

4,387

3,634

1,133

89

89

41

464

115

315

4,024

2,090

751

1,183

4,463

1,033

540

1,428

1,071

391

1,341

278

214

462

45

51

108

183

4,997

92

509

168

687

139

775

467

887

1,253

1,595

283

500

502

310

2,709

216

529

234

1,730

1,224

65

100

36

272

146

371

158

76

3,662

381

206

2,961

50

82

6.2

6.8

5.6

5.1

6.7

4.6

10.3

11.1

9.5

11.9

12.6

11.0

5.7

5.1

5.0

4.6

5.3

7.8

E

7,2

6.2

7.0

E

6.5

7.5

7.2

5.4

5.0

4.7

5.5

5.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.7

7.3

8.6

6.5

15,9

7.1

6.3

7.6

8.1

8.0

6.5

6.9

5.3

6.8

8.0

7.2

5.6

6.0

7.3

4.9

5.6

5.2

5.6

6.3

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.5

4.4

3.9

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.2

:::

1Per 103030 population in each race-sex group and area.

Zpar 1,@JOM binha In each rac~sex group and area, Beginning In 19.s9, race for We births is tabulated according to race Of mothen see Technkal notes.
Table 26. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by specified Hispanic origin and race for non-Hlspanlc origin:

Total of 43 reporting States and the District of Columbla, 1989

[Rates per 1,000 live births in specfied group. Live births based on race and Hispanic origin of mothan see Technlcel notes. For a Ilatlng of repotilng States, saa

Technical notes]

H/sparrlc Non-Hispanic

All Puerto Other

Age

Not

origins Total Mex;can R/can Cuban Hisparr/cl Totalz White Black ststeds

Number

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,914 4,431 2,581 499 79 1,272 30,535 18,936 10,438 946

Under 28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,690 2,798 1,620 305 57 816 19,112

28daya-ll months . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,224

11,913

1,833

6,579

961 194 22

760

456 11,423 7,023 3,659 168

Rate

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +3.8 6.5 7.9 9.6 7.4 9.6 9.6 7.9 18.5 . . .

Under 28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 5.4 5.0 5.9 5.3 6.1 6.2

28days–ll months . . . . . . . . . . . %3.6

5.0 11.6 . . .

3.1 2.9 3.7 2.1 3.4 3.7 2.9 6.6 . . .

1Includes Central end South American and other and unknown Hlspan!c.

‘Includes races other than whrte and black.

alncludea i“fmt deaths that occurred in States that did not report Hispanic Origin On the death ~~lfl@e.

4Figurea for cmgin not stated included m All origins bul not distributed among origin groups,

Table 27. Maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes by race: United States, 1989

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to Complication of pregnancy, childbi~h, and the puerperlum, category numbers 630-676 of the Nkrth Revis/on /nternaUona/

Classification of Diseases, 1975. Rates per 100,000 live births in specified group. Beginning In 1989, race for live births is tabulated according to race of mothen see

Technical notes]

All other

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International All

All other

Classification of Diseases, 1975)

All

races White Total Black raoea White Total Black

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8!30--676

Pregnancywith abortive outcome. . . . . . . . . . . . .630-636

Ectopicpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...633

Spontaneous abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...634

Legallyinduced abortion. .,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...835

Illegallyinduced abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...836

Other pregnancy with abortiie outcome. . . . . .630-632,837-638

Direct obstetric causes. . . . . . . . . . .840-646,651-876

Hemorrhage ofpregnancy andchildbkth, . . . . ...640-841.666

Toxemia of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . .642.4-642 .9,843

Obstructed labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..66o

Complications of thepuerperium. . . . . . . . . . .670-676

Other direct obstetric

causes. . . .642.0-642 .3,644-646,651-659,661-665,667-869

Indirect obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . .847-648

Delivery inacompletely normal case. . . . . . . . .650

Number Rate

320

50

34

3

3

10

241

43

58

69

51

29

180

21

14

1

1

5

144

30

29

6:

25

15

140

29

20

2

2

5

26

14

124

26

19

i

5

85

10

27

2;

22

13

7.9

1.2

0.6

●

*

●

●

6.0

1.1

1.4

*

2.2

1.3

0.7

*

5.6

0.7

●

*

●

☛

☛

4.5

0.9

0.9

*

1.9

0.8

*

*

16.5 16.4

3.4 3.9

2.4 *

● ●

* *

● *

● *

11.4 12.6

● *

3.4 4.0

● *

3,4 3.9

3.1 3.3

* *

* ●
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repoti. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~ 47

Table 28. Number of autopsies and percent of deaths for which autopsies were reported for 15 leading causes of death: United States,

1989

[For explanation of satetfsk preceding cause-ofdeath codes, see Technicalnotes]

Rank

Reported autopsy

orderl

Total

Cause of deah (Ninth RevisionInternationalClassificationof Diseases, 1975) deaths Number Peroent

. . . Alloauses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+. .O

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3x98.402.&&g

2,150,466 247,251 11.5

; Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

733,867 57,359 7.8

466,152

3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0.43M8

19,101 3.8

145,551

4 Accidents andadverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Esoo-Eg4g

5,333 3.7

95,028

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E81rpE625

47,943 50.5

. . .

All other accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E3J)7,E82S-E949

47,575 25,031 52.8

. . .

5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4~98

47,453 22,912 48.3

6 Pneumonia andinfluenze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..oq@w87

84,344 4,137 4.9

7 Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76,550 6,050 7.9

8 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......eq.,....~9~~~~~

46,833 2,158 4.6

9 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

30,232 16,917 56.0

10 Homicideand legal intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ew&Eg78

26,694 4,777 17.9

11 Human immuncdeficiencyvirus infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. *042 _*WO42_*W

22,909 22,147 98.7

12 Nephritis, nephroticayndrome, and nephrosia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. < . . . . . . . ..58&s8g

22,082 2,500 11.3

13 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$. . . . . ...440

21,116 1,065 5,0

14 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

19,357 541 2.8

15 Certain conditions originatinginthe perinatalperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

19,333 1,676 8.7

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.Jtesldual

18,752 4,301 22.9

. . . 291,664 51,246 17.6

1Rank based on number of dea!hq see Technical notes.
48 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No, 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

Technical notes

Nature and sources of data

Data shown in this report are

based on information from all death

certificates filed in the 50 States and

the District of Columbia. Beginning

with data year 1989 the U.S. Standard

Certificate of Death was revised (3).

Among the major changes were the

addition of a new item on educational

attainment and changes to improve the

medical certification of cause of death.

These changes include additional lines

to report causes of death as welI as

more complete instructions with examples for properly completing the cause

of death. In addition, for the first time,

the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death

includes a question on the Hispanic

origin of the decedent. A number of

States had previously included the

Hispanic-origin item on their certificates, resulting in data shown in this

report for years prior to 1989.

Mortality statistics are based on information coded by the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) from copies of

the original certificates received horn the

State registration offices and on Statecoded data provided to NCHS through

the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program

(VSCP). In 1989 all the States and the

District of @lurnbia participated in this

program and submitted part or all of the

mortality data for 1989 on computer tape

to NCHS. The following 23 States in the

VSCP submitted preceded medical data

for all deaths on computer tapes California, Colorado, Florid% IOWZKansas,

Louisiana, Maine, Marykmdj Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesot% Mississippi,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York

State (excluding New York City), North

Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,

Texas, Vermont viigini~ Washington,

and Wkconsin. In addition, two

States–Georgia and Indiana-submitted

preceded medical data on computer tape

for part of the year, NCHS also contracted with Colorado and Kansas to precede medical data for all deaths on

computer tape for five States –Alaskq

Delaware, Idaho, North Dakota and

Wyoming. Vermont subcontracted with

Pemsylvania to code their medical data.

The remaining 20 VSCP States, New’

York City, and the District of Columbia

submitted copies of the original certificates from which NCHS coded the medical data. In addition, Georgia and

Indiana submitted copies of the original

certificates from which NCHS coded the

medical data for part of the year. For 1989

all States submitted preceded demogmphic data for all deaths.

Data for the United States as a

whole refer to events occurring within

the United States. Data shown for geographic areas are by place of residence. Beginning with 1970, mortality

statistics exclude deaths of nonresidents of the United States. All data

exclude fetal deaths.

Cause-of-death classification

The mortality statistics presented

here were compiled in accordance with

the World Health Organization (WHO)

regulations, which speci~ that member

nations classi@ causes of death by the

current Manual of the InternationalStatisticalClassificationof DLseases,Injuries,

and Causesof Death (4). Causes of death

for 1979-89 were classified according to

this manual. For earlier years, causes of

death were classified according to the

revisions then in use – 1968-78, Eighth

Revisioxy 1958-67, Seventh Revisio%

and 1949-57, Sixth Revision. Changes in

classification of causes of death due to

these revisions may result in discontinuities in cause-of-death trends. Consequently, cause-of-death comparisons

between revisions require consideration

of comparability ratios and, where available, estimates of their standard errors.

Comparability ratios between the Eighth

and Ninth Revisions, between the Seventh and Eighth Revisions, and between

the Sixth and Seventh Revisions maybe

found in other NCHS reports (5-7).

Besides specifying the classification,

WHO regulations outline the form of

medical certification and the procedures

to be used in coding cause of death.

Cause-of-death data presented in this

publication were coded by procedures

outlined in annual issues of the NCHS

In.structwnManual (8).

In this report tabulations of causeof-death statistics are based solely on

the underlying cause of death. The

underlying cause is defined by WHO

as the disease or injury that initiated

the train of events leading directly to

death or as the circumstances of the

accident or violence that produced the

fatal injury. It is selected from the

conditions entered by the physician in

the cause-of-death section of the death

certificate. When more than one cause or

condition is entered by the physician, the

underlying cause is determined by the

sequence of conditions on the certificate,

provisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and associated

selection rules. In general, more medical

information is reported on death certificates than is directly reflected in the

underlying cause of death.

Codes for HIV infection

Beginning with data for 1987,

NCHS introduced category numbers

*042-*044 for classifying and coding

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection. The asterisk before the category numbers indicates that these

codes are not part of the Ninth Revision of the International Classification

of Diseases (ICD-9). Deaths classified

to HIV infection for 1988 andl 1989 are

shown in table 14. They are included,

but not shown separately, in the category All other infectious and parasitic

diseases in the List of 72 Selected Causes

of Death and in the category Remainder

of infectious and parasitic diseases in the

List of 61 Selected Causes of Infant

Death. Prior to 1987, deaths involving

HIV infection were classified to Deficiency of cell-mediated immunity (ICD-9

No. 279.1), contained in the category All

other diseases; to Pneumocystosis (ICD-9

No, 136,3), contained in the category All

other infectious and parasitic diseases; to

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues; and to a number of other causes.

As a consequence, cause-of-death data

beginning with 1987 are not strictly comparable with data for previous years.

For data years 1983-86 acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

and HIV infection, when reported on
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~ 49

the death certificate, were assigned to

the category Deficiency of cellmediated immunity (ICD-9 No. 279.1).

Because the selection rules for underlying cause of death were developed

prior to the identification of AIDS,

other conditions mentioned on the

death certificate and not category No.

279.1 were often selected as the underlying cause of death during this period.

Also, this category was not uniquely

specific for HIV conditions. As mentioned in more detail in previous

reports for 1984-86 (9-1 1) the number

of death certificates that had mention

of conditions coded to ICD-9 No.

279.1 was 2,943 for 1984, 6,040 for

1985, and 10,900 for 1986. It is

believed that HIV infection was

involved in most of these deaths.

Drug-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

drug-induced mortality include ICD-9

No. 292, Drug psychoses No. 304,

Drug dependence; Nos. 305.2-305.9,

Nondependent use of drugs, not

including alcohol and tobacco; Nos.

E850-E858, Accidental poisoning by

drugs, medicaments and biologicals;

Nos. E950.O-E950.5, Suicide by drugs,

medicaments and biological; No.

E962.0, Assault from poisoning by

drugs and medicaments; and Nos.

E980.O-E980.5, Poisoning by drugs,

medicaments and bioIogicals, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted. Drug-induced causes

exclude accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to drug

use.

Alcohol-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

alcohol-induced mortality include

ICD-9 No. 291, Alcoholic psychoses;

No. 303, Alcohol dependence syndrome; No. 305.0, Nondependent

abuse of alcohol; No. 357.5, Alcoholic

polyneuropath~ No. 425.5, AIcoholic

cardiomyopathy No. 535.3, Alcoholic

gastriti~ Nos. 571.0-571.3, Chronic

Iiver disease and cirrhosis, specified as

alcoholiq No. 790.3, Excessive blood

level of alcohol; and No. E860, Accidental poisoning by alcohol, not elsewhere classified. Alcohol-induced

causes exclude accidents, homicides,

and other causes indirectly related to

alcohol use.

Educational attainment

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

mortaliV data on educational attainment are being tabulated from information reported on the death

certificate. As a result of the revision

of the UJ3. Standard Certificate of

Death (3), this item was added to the

certificates of a large number of States.

Mortali~ data on educational attainment for 1989 are based on deaths to

residents of 21 reporting States whose

data were at least 90 percent complete

on a place-of-occurrence basis. The 21

reporting States are Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida,

Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, South

Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin,

and Wyoming.

Quality of reporting of cause of

death

One index of the quality of

reporting causes of death is the proportion of death certificates coded to

the Ninth Revision chapter XVI,

Symptoms, signs, and ilI-defined conditions (ICD-9 Nos. 780-799). Although

there are deaths for which it is not

possible to determine the underlying

cause, this proportion indicates the

care and consideration given to the

certification by the medical certifier. It

may also be used as a rough measure

of the specificity of the medical diagnoses made by the certifier in various

areas. In 1989 a record low of

1.25 percent of all reported deaths in

the United States were assigned to this

category compared with 1.43 percent

for 1988. However, trends in the percent of deaths assigned to this category

vary by age. Although the percent of

deaths from this cause for all ages

combined has generally remained

stable between 1980 and 1988, a slight

increase in the percent occurred for

the age group 5-14 years and

decreases occurred for all the age

groups 55 years and over. However,

between 1988 and 1989, the percent

decreased for almost all age groups.

Population bases for

computing rates

The population used for computing rates shown in this report (furnished by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census) represents the population

residing in the specified area. Death

rates for 1989 are based on population

estimates as of July 1, 1989 (12,13).

The estimates are based on the 1980

census counts. The 1980 census counts

by race were modified to be consistent

with U.S. Office of Management and

Budget categories and historical categories for death data. The modification

procedures are discussed in detail in a

report of the U.S. Bureau of the

Census (14).

Population estimates used to compute death rates for 1984-89 incorporate new estimation procedures for net

migration and net undocumented

immigration. Death rates for 1989 are

comparable with those for 1984-88 but

are not strictly comparable with those

of previous years. Although trends in

death rates for the total population are

not substantially affected, caution

should be used in comparing differences in death rates for the period

1984-89 with those of previous years

for certain age-race-sex subgroups

(9,15).

Infant mortality rates shown in figure 5 and tables E and 22–26 are the

most commonly used index for measuring the risk of dying during the first

year of life. They are calculated by

dividing the number of infant deaths in

a calendar year by the number of live

births registered for’ the same period

and are presented as rates per 1,000 or

per 100,000 live births. Infant mortality

rates use the number of live births in

the denominator to approximate the

population at risk of dying before the

first birthday.

In contrast to infant mortality

rates based on live births, infant death

rates shown in figure 2 and tables A,

2, 5, 9, and 14 are based on the estimated population under 1 year of age.

Infant death rates that appear in tabulations of age-specific death rates are

calculated by dividing the number of

infant deaths in a calendar year by the

midyear population of infants under 1

year of age (estimated from births
50 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2. January 7, 1992 ~

occurring in the 12-month period

ending with June) and are presented

as rates per 100,000 population in this

age group. Due to differences in the

denominators, infant death rates may

differ from infant mortality rates.

Race for infant and maternal

mortality rates

Changes instituted by NCHS in

the way in which live births are tabulated by race beginning with the 1989

data year affect infant and maternal

mortality rates by race and their comparability with rates for 1988 and previous years. Because live births

comprise the denominator of both

infant and maternal mortality rates,

changes in the number of live births by

race affect the magnitude of the rate, if

corresponding changes are not made

in the number of infant and maternal

deaths (the numerator of the rate). No

changes were made in the way in

which infant deaths and maternal

deaths are tabulated by race that parallel the changes made for live births.

As noted in detail in the “Advance

Report of Final Natality Statistics”

(16), beginning with the 1989 data

year, data on live births are being tabulated primarily by race of mother, as

reported directly on the birth certificate. In previous years birth tabulations were by race of child, as

determined statistically by an algorithm based on information reported

for the mother and father. Briefly, in

cases of mixed parentage where only

one parent was white, the child was

assigned to the other parent’s race.

When neither parent was white, the

child was assigned the race of the

father, except if either parent was

Hawaiian, the child was assigned to

Hawaiian. If race was not reported for

one parent, the child was assigned the

race of the parent for whom race was

given.

The change in the tabulation of

live births by race reflects three factors

over the past two decades: the topical

content of the birth certificate has

been expanded to include considerable

health and demographic information

related to the mother, the increasing

incidence of interracial parentage, and

the growing proportion of births for

which no information on the father is

reported.

Quantitatively, the change in the

basis for tabulating live births by race

results in more white births and fewer

births to the black population and to

other races. As a consequence, infant

mortality rates and maternal mortality

rates under the new classification tend

to be lower for white infants and

higher for infants of other races than

they are when computed by the previous method of tabulating live births

by race of child (table I). Although

rates under the new classification for

white infant and maternal deaths are

lower by 1 to 3 percent than under the

previous classification, they are 5 percent higher for black infant and

maternal deaths. Rates for other races

under the new classification are also

higher than rates under the previous

classification.

The change in the race classification of live births presents challenges to those analyzing infant and

maternal mortali~ data, particularly

trend data. To facilitate continuity and

ease of interpretation, key published

tables for 1989 and 1990, including all

trend tables, will show data computed

on the basis of live births tabulated by

both race of mother and race of child.

This will make it possible to distinguish the effects of this change from

real changes in the data. The text in

this report focuses on live birth data

tabulated by race of mother except

where trends are discussed. In the

latter case the analysisis based on data

tabulated by race of child.

Cause-of-death rankings

The cause-of-death rankings

shown in figure 4 and tables B-D, 5-7,

17, and 28 are based on the List of 72

Selected Causes of Death and HIV

infection (ICD-9 Nos. *042–*044)the

cause-of-death ranking for infants in

table 24 is based on the List of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death and

HIV infection. HIV infection was

added to the lists of rankable causes

effective with data year 1987.

The group titles Major cardiovascular diseases and Symptoms, signs,

and ill-defined conditions are not

ranked from the List of 72 Selected

Causes; Certain conditions originating

in the perinatal period and Symptoms,

signs, and ill-defined conditions are

not ranked from the List of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death. In

addition, category titles that begin with

the words “Other” and “All Other”

are not ranked to determine the

leading causes of death. When one of

the titles that represents a subtotal is

ranked (for example, Tuberculosis), its

component parts are not ranked (in

this case, Tuberculosis of respiratory

system and Other tuberculosis).

Age-adjusted rates

The age-adjusted rates presented

in this report were computed by the

direct method, that is, by applying the

age-specific death rates for a given

cause of death to the standard population distributed by age, The total population as enumerated in 1940 was

selected as the standard, By using the

same standard population, the rates

for the total population and for each

race-sex group were adjusted separately. The age-adjusted rates were

based on 10-year age groups. It is

important not to compare age-adjusted

death rates with crude rates.

Random variation

Although the mortality data in this

report (except data for 1972) are not

subject to sampling error, they may be

Table L Ratio of infant, neonatal, postneonatal, and maternal mortality rates by raoe for

live births tabulated according to race of mother to those by race for live blrthe tabulated

according to race of child: United States, 1989

Race Infant Neonatal Postneomtd Maternal

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 1.00 1,00 1.00

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.98

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 1,14 1,13 1.14
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~51

affected by random variation in the

number of deaths invohwd. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. Such infrequent events may be

assumed to follow a Poisson probability distribution. For this distribution, a simple approximation may be

used to estimate the confidence

interval as follows:

If N is the number of re~stered

deaths in the population and R is the

corresponding rate, the chances are 19

in 20 (approximate 95-percent confidence interval) that

1. N-2Wand N+ 2fl

cover the “true” number of events.

2. R–2 ~

w

and R+2—

$

cover the “true” rate.

If the rate RI corresponding to N1

events is compared with the rate R2

corresponding to Nz events, the difference between the two rates may be

regarded as statistically significant if it

exceeds

Additional information on random

variation may be found in the Technical Appendix of 14ral Statistics of the

United States, vol 11 (17).

Infant and maternal mortali~

rates- Comparisons made in the text

between infant, neonatal, postneonatal, and maternal mortality rates,

unless otherwise specified, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level of

significance. Lack of comment in the

text about any two rates does not mean

that the difference was tested and

found not to be significant at this level.

Rates, proportions, and ratios

Beginning in 1989 an asterisk is

shown in place of a rate based on 20 or

fewer deaths. These rates have a relative standard error of 23 percent or

more and are, therefore, considered

statistically unreliable. For age-adjusted

death rates this criterion is applied to

the sum of the age-specific deaths.

Life tables

U.S. abridged life tables are constructed by reference to a standard life

table (18).

Hispanic origin

As a resuh of changes in State

death certificates, the reporting areas

for mortality data by Hispanic or

ethnic origin of decedent expanded

beginning in 1989. The number of

reporting States increased from 26

States and the District of Columbia in

1988 to 44 States and the District of

Columbia in 1989, For 1989 mortality

data for the Hispanic-origin population are based on deaths to residents

of 44 reporting States and the District

of Columbia whose data were at least

90 percent complete on a place-ofoccurrence basis and considered to be

sufficiently comparable to be used for

analysis. The 44 reporting States are

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,

California, Colorado, Delaware,

Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey,

New Mexico, New York (including

New York City), North Carolina,

North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina,

South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas,

Utah, Vermont, Washington, West

Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Infant mortality rates for

Hispanic-origin population are based

on numbers of resident infant deaths

reported to be of Hispanic origin and

numbers of resident live births by Hispanic origin of mother for 43 repxting

States and the Dism”ctof Columbia. The

43 States are Alabama, AIask% A-izon%

Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, FIonda, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho,

Illinois Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,

Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,

Nebrask% Nevad~ New Jersey, New

Mexico, New York (including New York

City), North CaroIina, North Dako@

Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Temessee, Texas,

Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia Wisconsin, and Wyoming. In computing infant mortality rates, deaths and

live births of unknown origin are not distributed among the specified Hispanic and

non-Hispanic groups. Because the percent of infant deaths of unknown origin

was 2.6 percen~ and the pereent of Iive

births of unknown origin was 1.1 percent

in the reporting area for 1989,infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin

and race for non-Hispanic origin may be

somewhat underestimated.

Small numbers of infant deaths for

specific Hispanic-origin groups can

result in infant mortali~ rates subject

to relatively large random variation

(see the section, “Random variation”).

In 1980 the 43 and the 44

reporting States and the District of

Columbia accounted for about 97 percent of the Hispanic population in the

United States, including about 99 percent of the Mexican population,

94 percent of the Puerto Rican population, 97 percent of the Cuban population, and 94 percent of the “Other

Hispanic” population (19).

Computation of percent

distributions

Deaths of persons of unknown

marital status and unknown educational attainment were subtracted

from figures for total deaths used as

denominators before percent distributions were computed.
52 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 40, No. 8(S)2 ● January 7, 1992 ~

This report represents summary tabulations from the final mortality statistics for 1989.

More detailed tabulations for 1989 will be published in Vital Statistics of the United

States, 1989 Volume II – Mortality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National

Center for Health Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever

possible.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance Copyright information

report of final mortality statistics, 1989. Monthly

vital statistics report; VOI40 no 8 supp 2. This report may be reprinted without further

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. permission.

1992. “U.S.Goverrrrrmnl PrinllngOftica:1332- 312-CW4001S
Vol. 41, No. 9, Supplement ● February 25, 1993

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Heatth Stat@cs

Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1990

Contents

Births and birth rates . . . . . . . 1

Births by race . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Total fertility rate . . . . . . . . . 6

Geographic areas . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sex ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Month of birth., . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Dayof week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Place,of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Attendant at birth . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Age of father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Weight at birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Multiple births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Unmarried mothers . . . . . . . . . 9

Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Hispanic births . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Specified race . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Prenatal care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Prenatal visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Period of gestation . . . . . . . . . 13

Apgar score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Listof tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Technical notes . . . . . . . . . ...53

Births and birth rates

There were 4,158,212 babies born

in the United States in 1990, a

3-percent increase compared with the

1989 total of 4,040,958 and the third

consecutive year marking such an

increase (table 1). Provisional data for

1991 indicate a l-percent decline in

the number of births; there appears to

be a slight additional decline in the

number in 1992. The 1990 total is the

highest number reported since 1962

(4,167,362) (table 1 and figure 1).

The birth rate for 1990 was 16.7

births per 1,000 population, 2 percent

higher than the 1989 rate of 16.4 and

higher than the rate in any year since

1971, when it was 17.2. According to

provisional data, a 3-percent drop in

the birth rate is expected for 1991 and

a similar decline appears likely in

1992.

The fertility rate, which relates the

number of births to women of childbearing age, rose 2 percent in 1990, to

70.9 live births per 1,000 women aged

1544 years compared with 69.2 in

1989. The 1990 rate is higher than the

rate for any year since 1972 (73.1).

Provisional data indicate a 2-percent

decline in the fertility rate for 1991,

with little additional change expected

in 1992.

Age-specific birth rates increased

by 2-6 percent for women in all age

groups 1544 years (see tables 2-4 for

births and birth rates by age of mother

and figure 2 for birth rates by age of

mother). Increases were smallest

(2 percent) for women in the peak

childbearing ages 20-24 and 25–29

years. The rate of 116.5 for women

aged 20-24 years, however, was the

highest rate reported since 1974

(117.7), and the rate of 120.2 for

women aged 25-29 years was higher

than in any year since 1971, when it

Wm 134.1.

The birth rate for women aged

18-19 years rose 5 percent, from 84.2

in 1989 to 88.6 per 1,000 in 1990, the

highest it has been since 1974 (88.7).

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics. Stephanie J. Ventura and Joyce A. Martin, Natality, Marriage and Divorce Statistics

Branch, wrote the report. Thomas Dunn provided statistical tables and content review. Virginia Brainard, Linda Elias, and Charles Royer provided

computer programming support. The Registration Methods Branch and the Technical Services Branch provided consultation to State vital statistics

offices regarding collection of the birth certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Arlett Brown and typeset by

Jacqueline M. Davis of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

@Wlct,.o

*+

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National

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Center for

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ANO PRSVENTICN
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● Fabruary 25, 1993 ~

1180

-+

4 160

3

“.* “* ●.* ‘. — 100

●.* ‘.

‘.. ●* .

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I 11111111 111111111 111111111 111111111 111111111 111111111 111111111 0

;920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live births trend lines for 1920-59 are based on live births adjusted for underregistration.

Figure 1. Live births and fertility rates: United States, 1920-90

This rate increased 13percent

between 1987and 1990.

The rate forteenagers 15–17years

of age increased by3 percent in 1990,

to 37,5 per 1,000, higher than the rate

in any year since 1973, when it was

38.5. The 1990 rise was smaller, however, than during 1986-89, when the

rate rose by*8 percent annually. The

23-percent rise in the birth rate for

teenagers 15–17 years of age, over the

4-year period 1986-90, translates into

more than 34,000 additional births in

1990 than would have occurred had

the rate in 1990 been at the 1986 level

of 30.5 instead of 37.5.

Rates for women aged 35–39 and

40-44 years continued the steady

increases observed beginning in the

mid-1970’s. The rate for women aged

35–39 years increased 6 percent, from

29.9 in 1989 to 31.7 in 1990. Between

1980 and 1990, this rate increased

60 percent. The rate for women aged

40-44 years also rose 6 percent

between 1989 and 1990, from 5.2 to 5.5

per 1,000. The rate for 1990 was

41 percent higher than the rate for

1980 (3.9). Women aged 35-44 years

were born during the post World War

II baby-boom years, 1946-55. The

combined impact of the increases in

birth rates for these women and in the

numbers of women in these ages has

been substantial, resulting in more

births in 1990 to women aged 35-39

years (317,583) than in any year since

1963 and more to women aged 40-44

(48,607) than in two decades. As

recently as 1980, there were only

140,793 births to women aged 35-39

years and 23,090 to women aged

40-44. The birth rate for women in

their late forties remained at 0.2 per

1,000, unchanged since 1976.

The rate for women aged 30-34

years rose 4 percent in 1990, to 80.8,

higher than the rate in any year since

1966 (85.1). Except for 1981, this rate

has increased annually since 1975,

from 52.3 to 61.9 in 1980 and then to

80.8 in 1990, an overall increase of

54 percent.

The continued rise in the birth

rate for women in their early thirties

has coincided with the sustained

growth in the number of women in

that age group, reflecting the impact of

the baby-boom period on current population patterns. The number of babies

born in 1990 to women aged 30-34

years (886,063) was the highest

number ever recorded. Women in this

age group accounted for 21 percent of

all births in 1990. Just 15 years earlier,

in 1975, the number of births to

women aged 30–34 totaled only

375,500, 12 percent of the 1975 total.

As in 1989, the increases in agespecific birth rates in 1990 of 4-6 percent for ages 18–19 and 30 years and

over had somewhat limited impact on

the overall fertility rate. This is

because the increases were relatively

small for women in their twenties, who
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~3

400I ] 400

7..” . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

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--~

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3 I I I I I I 1’1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 3

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965 1990

NOTE Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live births; trend lines for 1955-59 are baaed on live births adjusted for underregistration.

Figure 2. Birth rates by age of mother: United States 1955-90

accounted for 57 percent of births in

1990. Birth rates for women aged

20-24 and 25-29 years have risen

somewhat in recent years, but the

range for the rates has been relatively

narrow, 106-120 since the early 1970’s.

The increases in birth rates for

women in their thirties reflect a continuation of a trend extending 15years

for these women to makeup for previously po$poned childbearing (l). The

fact that many women were delaying

childbearing is evident from changes in

childlessness levels among women in

their thirties. For example, among

women aged 30-34 years at the end of childIess wives in their early thirties

1975, 16percent had not had any children compared with 26 percent of

women aged 30-34 at the end of 1990.

Some of this increase is associated

with the growing proportions of

women who are unmarried (never

married or previously married) (2).

But even among married women aged

30-34 years, there has been a clear

upward trend in childlessness, from

8 percent in 1975to 14 percent in 1990

(3). Despite these relatively high IeveIs

of childlessness, however, survey data

indicate that nearly two-thirds of

expect to have at Ieast one child (3).

This high level of expected future

childbearing by currently childless

wives suggests that the increases in

birth rates, especially first birth rates,

for women in their Iate thirties are

likely to continue. A factor possibly

limiting the realization of these expectations is fertility impairments. More

than a third of childless wives aged

35-44 years in 1988 were reported to

have impaired fertility (4).

Women who delay childbearing to

relatively older ages continue to be
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~_

disproportionately well-educated. For

example, 52 percent of women aged

35-39 years having their first child in

1990 were college graduates compared

with 33 percent of first-time mothers

aged 25–29 and only 7 percent of

mothers aged 20–24.

The trend in first birth rates for

older well-educated women was clearly

upward between 1975 and 1985, just as

these rates fell for younger welleducated women (1,5). Although comparable rates for 1990 cannot be

computed because the appropriate

population data are not available, estimates of the levels of these rates indicate that first birth rates for older

well-educated women have continued

to increase since 1985.

The continued rise in birth rates

for teenagers is associated in part with

the growing proportion of teenagers

who are sexually experienced.

According to the 1988 National Survey

of Family Growth, conducted by the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS), these proportions rose considerably during the 1980’s (6). Among

women aged 15 years, the increase was

from 17 percent in 1980 to 26 percent

in 1988, and among women aged 17

years, from 36 to 51 percent, The

increases were continuous throughout

the 1980’s, but the rate of increase was

somewhat greater between 1985 and

1988 than in the early 1980’s. Although

pregnancy rates for teenagers had

been relatively stable during the early

1980’s, these rates increased beginning

about 1985; abortion rates changed

little during this period (7). Thus all of

the recent rise in teenage pregnancy rates

is reflected in increasing birth rates.

Another important factor in the

increase in birth rates for teenagers is

the growing proportion of all teen

births to Hispanic women during

recent years. In 1990, 19 percent of all

teen births were to Hispanic women

(see later section in text and related

tables). Hispanic women, who are predominantly white (97 percent), have

much higher fertility than nonHispanic white women at all ages, but

most especially at ages under 20 years.

For example, the birth rate for

Hispanic teenagers 15–19 years was

100.3 per 1,000 in 1990 compared with

42.5 for non-Hispanic white teenagers

and 54.8 for all non-Hispanic teenagers< Moreover, the Hispanic teen

population has increased considerably

in recent years while the non-Hispanic

teen population has declined. For

example, the number of Hispanic

women aged 15-19 years increased

16 percent between 1985 and 1990

while the number of non-Hispanic

teenagers fell 8 percent. In other

words, the rapid rise in teen birth rates

since the mid-1980’s results in part

from the combined impact of the m,uch

higher fertility of Hispanic compared

with non-Hispanic teenagers and the

growing proportion of teenagers who

are Hispanic. It might be noted here

that the much higher fertility of Hispanic women combined with the more

rapid growth in the number of Hispanic women at every age compared

with non-Hispanic women are probably also factors in the continued rise

in birth rates for women in their thirties, especially the recent large

increases in higher order birth rates

(table 5). Fertility patterns among Hispanic women are discussed later in this

report.

Although the increases in birth

rates for teenagers were greater than

for women in their twenties, the prime

childbearing ages, the proportion of all

births occurring to teenagers remained

at 13 percent in 1990, as it was in 1988

and 1989, compared with 18–19 percent in the mid-1970’s. This is because

the teenage population has continued

to fall, both in absolute numbers and

as a proportion of the population in

the childbearing ages. The number of

women aged 20-24 years has fallen as

well but more recently, since 1981. For

exampIe, the number of women aged

15–19 years declined from 10.6 million

in 1976 to 8.7 million in 1990, an

18-percent reduction: while the total

population of women aged 15-44 years

rose 20 percent, from 48.7 million to

58,6 million (8,9). The 20-percent

overall increase reflects the even

greater rise, 43 percent, in the number

of women aged 25-44 years. Women in

that age group in 1990 are all members

of the baby-boom generation, whereas

most of those aged 25-44 in 1976 were

born in the low-birth years before and

during World War II.

As the smaller numbers of women

under 25 years of age replace the much

larger group aged 25–44 over the next

several years, the total number of

births can be expected to decline

unless there are more than compensating increases in the birth rates for

women in the peak childbearing ages.

In fact, the provisional estimate of the

number of births in 1991 was 1 percent

below the 1990 total, with a slight

additional decline apparent for 1992.

Birth rates increased for all birth

orders except for eighth ancl higher

order births. Increases were 2 percent

for first and second births and 4-6 percent for third through fifth order births

(tables 3 and 5 and figure :3). This

pattern of change was similar to that

observed in 1988 and 1989, Rates by

live-birth order were relatively stable

during the mid-1980’s. The modest

annual increases of 2–3 percent in first

birth rates since 1988 have been

enough to bring the number of first

births to another record IIevel of

1,689,118 in the United States in 1990.

Increases in first birth rates were

largest for teenagers 18-19 years

(4 percent) and for women aged 3044

years (5-11 percent). Second order

rates rose considerably for teenagers

(7 percent) and for women 30-44 years

(4-8 percent). Between 1986, when

teen birth rates began to rise, and

1990, the first birth rate for women

aged 15-17 years increased 20 percent.

The only other age groups fc]r whom

first birth rates rose as much since

1986 were for women aged 30--34 (also

up 20 percent) and 35–39 years (up

43 percent). The rate for women aged

40-44 years also increased but it is still

very low, LO per 1,000.

Although first birth rates for teenagers have risen considerably in the

latter part of the 1980’s, th~e major

changes in fertility over the entire

decade were the result of very substantial increases in first birth rates for

women in their thirties. The rate for

women aged 30-34 years rose 6(5percent,

and the rate for women aged 35-39

increased 158percent. Second-order birth
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Reporl. Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~5

40 40

L -1

. . . . . . . . . . .

30 —

., . ...””” ‘“..

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1

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-- ,# =-=9.+ \

=-. ---d /- \

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21

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- 20

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10

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. 8

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5 — %. — 5

4

3

2

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0.8

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0.7

0.6

.

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0.6

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-- . 0.4

‘~ 8 and over

0.3 I I I f I I I I I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I 1% 1 I I I I I

f 0.3

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 leeo 1985 1330

NOTE Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live birthq trend fines for 19ss-59 are baaed on live Mfihs adjusted for underregistration.

Figure 3. Birth rates by live.birth order: United States, 1955-90

rates also rose sharply,by 38-133percent

forwomenin their thirties.

Births by race-In 1990 as in 1989,

birth data compiled by NCEIS have

been tabulated primarily by race of

mother as reported directly on the

birth certificate. In previous years,

birth tabulations were by race of chiId,

as determined by an algorithm based

on information reported for the

mother and father. Briefly, children of

mixed-race parentage with one white

parent were assigned the race of the

other parent. When neither parent was

white, the child was generally assigned

the father’s race. Other details of cur- To facilitate continuity with prerent and former procedures concerning the tabulation of births by race

are described in the Technical notes.

In general, changing the basis for

tabulating birth data from race of child

to race of mother results in more white

births and fewer black births and

births of other races. Therefore,

population-based rates under the new

classification tend to be higher for

births to white mothers and lower for

births to black mothers and to mothers

of other races than they are when

computed by race of child. “

vious years’ data and analysis of current patterns, key tabulations and text

analysis in this and other NCHS

reports for 1989 and 1990 births show

data for race of mother and for race of

child. This will make it possible to

distinguish the effects of this change in

tabulation from real changes in the

data. In this report, the discussions of

changes in rates and various other

measures between 1990 and previous

years are based on rates and measures

computed by race of mother. Text references to white births and white
6~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

mothers or black births and black

mothers are therefore all based on

tabulations by race of mother. Trend

tabulations of births and birth rates by

race of mother are not yet available;

however, some rates for years prior to

1989 have been computed for analytic

purposes for this report.

In 1990 the fertility rate for white

women was 68.3 live births per 1,000

women aged 15-44 years, 3 percent

higher than the 1989 rate (66.4) and

4 percent above the 1980 rate (65.6).

The rate for black women was 86.8,

just 1 percent higher than the 1989

rate (86.2) and 2 percent above the

1980 level (84.9).

Birth rates for white and black

women increased between 1989 and

1990 for women in all age groups

15-44 years, but in each case the

increase was greater for white women.

Increases amounted to 5–7 percent for

white women aged 15-19 and 30-44

years and 2–3 percent for white

women in their twenties. By contrast,

among black women, large increases

were measured only in rates for those

in their thirties (4-5 percent). Rates

for black teenagers increased by 1 percent or less while rates for women in

their twenties and early forties rose by

1-2 percent (tables 3 and 4).

Increases in birth rates by livebirth order were greater for white than

for black women. Rates rose by

2–14 percent for white women. Rates

for black women increased by 1–7 percent for second through sixth and seventh birth orders, The first-birth rate

fell 2 percent.

Rates for first and second birth

orders for white teenagers increased

by 4-8 percent. Among black teenagers, first-birth rates fell 1–2 percent,

but second- and third-birth rates rose

4-10 percent. Increases in orderspecific birth rates for women in their

thirties were sizable for both white and

black women.

Total fertili~ rate –The total fertility rate is a measure that indicates

how many births 1,000 women would

have if they experienced throughout

their childbearing years the set of agespecific birth rates observed in a given

calendar year. It is a hypothetical measure that shows the implications of

current fertility levels for completed

family size. The total fertili~ rate is

computed from age-specific birth rates

and is, therefore, age adjusted; it

assumes the same number of women in

each age group.

The total fertility rate in 1990 was

2,081,0,3 percent higher than the 1989

level of 2,014.0 and higher than it has

been in nearly two decades (2,266.5 in

1971) (table 4). The continued increase in the total fertility rate since

1986 reflects the ongoing increases in

most age-specific birth rates since the

mid-1980’s, The level of 2,081.0 is just

1 percent below the level considered

necessary for a given generation to

exactly replace itself in the population

over the long run (about 2,100). The

total fertility rate has been below

replacement level since 1972.

The total fertility rate for white

women increased 4 percent in 1990, to

2,003.0, while the rate for black

women rose 2 percent, to 2,480.0.

Geographic division and State

The number of births increased in

all nine geographic divisions in 1990,

As in 1989 and 1988, the increase in

1990 was largest in the Pacific Division, 7 percent. The number of births

rose 3 percent in the East North Central, South Atlantic, and Mountain

Divisions, 2 percent in the Middle

Atlantic, East South Central, and West

South Central Divisions, and 1 percent

in the New England and West North

Central Divisions. (See table 6 for

1990 data.) Births increased in all but

seven States, three of them in New

England, two in the West North Central Division, and one each in the

Mountain and the West South Central

Divisions. Increases amounted to

10 percent in Nevada, 7 percent in

California, 5-6 percent in Washington

and Hawaii, 4 percent in Delaware

and Oregon, and up to 3 percent in

other States.

Fertility rates by race and Hispanic origin of the mother for 1990

have been computed for this report

(table 6), The rates varied widely by

State within each race group and by

Hispanic origin. Rates for white

women ranged from a low of 31.8 per

1,000 women aged 15-44 years for the

District of Columbia to a high of 91.6

for Utah. Fertility rates for white

women were also below 60 per 1,000

for Massachusetts and West Virginia.

Rates of 75 per 1,000 or greater were

measured for Alaska, Arizona, California, Nevada, and Texas, Rates for

black women in States with at least 200

black births ranged from a low of 67.2

in West Virginia to a high of 110.3 in

Wisconsin. Rates of 100 or higher also

were reported for Florida, Hawaii,

Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Rhode

Island.

Rates for Hispanic women showed

great variation. In States with at least

200 births to Hispanic women, rates

ranged from 41.8 in Louisiana to 128.4

in California.

The high fertility rates for white

women in Arizona, California, and

Texas in particular are associated with

the high proportions of white women

who are Hispanic and the high!fertility

of Hispanic women in those States.

For example, more than 40 percent of

births to white mothers in Texas in

1990 were to Hispanic women. The

Hispanic fertility rate was 108.5,

74 percent higher than the rate of 62.4

for white non-Hispanic women in

Texas. (Rates for non-Hispanic women

are not shown in this report.) The

same pattern was observed for California, where the Hispanic fertility

rate was 128.4, nearly twice the rate of

65.5 for white non-Hispanic women.

Sex ratio

The sex ratio at birth in 1990 was

1,050 males per 1,000 females, the

same as in 1987-89 (table 7). There

has been very little variation in this

ratio in the last decade, ranging from

1,050 to 1,053. The ratio for births to

white mothers was 1,054, up slightly

from 1,053 in 1989. For 1990 the ratio

for births to black mothers declined, to

1,029 from 1,031 in 1989.

Month of birth

In 10 of the 12 months of 1990,

birth rates were higher than for the

same month the previous year,

unchanged for 1 month, and lower for
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No, 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~7

1 month. Fertility rates were higher for

10 months and lower for 2 months. As

has been the pattern for many years,

the peak months of occurrence of

births for 1990 were July, August, and

September (table 8). The underlying

trends can be observed if the seasonal

component is removed from the

monthly birth and fertility rates.

Unlike the two previous years, seasonally adjusted birth and fertility rates in

the first half of 1990 tended to be

somewhat higher than those in the last

half,

Day of week of birth

The concentration of delivery of

babies during the weekdays intensified

for 1990. Births are occurring more

frequently on Tuesdays through Fridays, with concomitant deficits occurring on weekends and holidays. Births

also occur with less frequency on Mondays. (See table 9 for 1990 data.) The

index of occurrence reveals the extent

of this pattern. The index is defined as

the ratio of the average number of

births on a given day of the week to the

average daily number of births for the

year, multiplied by 100. Thus the

average number of daily births is

equivalent to an index of 100.0. The

peak day of occurrence was Tuesday,

with an index of 108.7, as it has been

since 1980 when these data were first

available. The index for Friday

increased to 108.6 in 1990 from 108.1

in 1989, making it almost the same as

Tuesday. The day of the week that had

the fewest number of births was

Sunday, with an index of 80.3. The

differential be!xveen Tuesday and

Sunday widened slightly for 1990, to

35 percent from 34 percent in 1989. In

comparison, the difference for 1980

was only 22 percent.

The deficit of deliveries on weekdays, holidays, and Mondays is associated in part with the scheduling of

cesarean deliveries, which comprised a

high proportion of births (23.5 percent) in 1990 (10), many of which are

scheduled in advance and are unlikely

to be planned for weekends or holidays. In 1989 the index of occurrence

for primary cesarean delivery was 73.1

for Sunday and 113.7 for Friday (11).

For repeat cesarean delivery the

difference is even more striking –39.5

for Sunday and 131.4 for Friday. As

would be expected there is also a large

weekend deficit for induced vaginal

deliveries, many of which may also be

scheduled (data not shown in this

report). For all vaginal births, the differential between weekends and weekdays remains but is

Sunday and 106.3

1989).

Place of delivery

smaller (87.3 for

for Tuesday in

There was a very slight increase in

the proportion of births (98.9 percent)

reported to have occurred in hospitals

in 1990 compared with the 1989 level

of 98.8 percent. This has remained at

or above 98.0 percent since 1966. The

number of births occurring in nonhospital settings was 46,946 in 1990 compared with 47,214 in 1989. Less than

1 percent of all births occurred in freestanding birthing centers (0.4) and in

residences (0.6) in 1990.

The majority of out-of-hospital

births (59 percent) occurred in residences in 1990 as in 1989. However,

births in freestanding birthing centers

increased by 4 percent, from 30.2 percent of all out-of-hospital births in

1989 to 31.4 percent in 1990.

White mothers continue to be

more likely than black mothers to give

birth outside of a hospitaL For 1990

the proportion of white women who

delivered out of a hospital remained

unchanged from the previous year, at

1.2 percent, but the proportion for

black women declined, from 0.9 percent in 1989 to 0.8 percent in 1990.

Among out-of-hospital births, the

number of mothers utilizing birthing

centers increased by 7 percent for

black mothers and 4 percent for white

mothers between 1989 and 1990, but a

much larger proportion of out-ofhospital births to white mothers

occurred in freestanding birthing centers (35,1 percent) than for black

mothers (10.3 percent). Conversely,

births occurred at residences at a higher

rate for black mothers (73 percent) than

for white mothers (57 percent).

Attendant at birth

The proportion of deliveries attended

by doctors of medicine (M.D.’s) and doctors of osteopathy (D.O.’S) decreased in

1990, to 95.3 percent of all births compared with 95.7percent reported in 1989

(table 10). This ratio has been declining

slowly since a peak of 99,5 percent in the

early seventies. Midwife-attended births

continued to increase in 1990, to 3.9 percent of all births compared with 3.7 percent in 1989. TotaI midwife deliveries in

1990 were 5.5 times the number reported

in 1975,with most of the increase (91 percent) in hospital delivenes. Whereas the

number of births attended by midwives in

nonhospitaI settings doubled between

1975 (9,727) and 1990 (20,996), the

number of births attended by midwives in

hospitals in 1990 (141,953) was 7 times

that in 1975 (19,686).

The proportion of births attended

by physicians (M.D.’s and D.O.’s)

varied depending on place of delive~.

In 1990 physicians performed 96.1 percent of all hospital deliveries, 40.6 percent of freestanding birthing center

deliveries, and 21.6 percent of deliveries in residences. The proportion of

physician-attended births that were

attended by D,O.’S also varied, from

3.2 percent for births in hospital settings to 10.4 percent in nonhospital

settings.

Between 1989 and 1990 the number

of midwife deliveries increased more for

black mothers (13.7 percent) than for

white mothers (9.9 percent). /unong hospitzd births, the proportions attended by

midwives increased between 1989 and

1990 for both white and black mothers

(2.9-3.2 percent for white mothers and

4.0-4.4 percent for black mothem). In

contras4 the proportion of births in

birthing centers attended by midwives

decreased from 63.1percent in 1989 to

58.2 percent in 1990, with a dechne for

births for white mothers (64.6-59.2 percent) and an increase among black

mothers (33.3 and 36.1 percent),

Certified nurse midwives delivered

91.2 percent of all midwife-attended

births in 1990 compared with 89.8 percent in 1989. There was little change in

this proportion for births in hospitals

between 1989 (98.0 percent) and 1990

(98.1 percent). However, certified
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

nurse midwives attended 66.8 percent

of all midwife births in birthing centers, an increase from 63.2 percent in

1989.For births at residences this proportion was unchanged at 30.0percent.

Women attended in hospital by

midwives continue to be more likely to

be young (under 20 years of age),

black, unmarried, and less educated

than those attended by a physician in

hospitai (data not shown in this

report).

Age of father

The birth rate for men increased

2 percent in 1990, to 58.4 live births

per 1,000 men aged 15–54 years. There

has been little annual change in this

rate since 1972; the rate has ranged

from 53.2 to 59.1 during this period.

Basic data are shown in tables 11 and

12.

Birth rates by age of father

increased for all age groups 15–19

through 50-54 years in 1990. The

largest increase was measured for men

aged 15-19 for whom there was a

7-percent increase. This rate rose

31 percent between 1986 and 1990,

even more than the rate for teenage

women (up 19 percent). Rates increased 2–3 percent for men aged

20-44 years and by 4 percent for men

aged 50-54 years. The rate for men

aged 45-49 years rose 1 percent.

The birth rate for white men rose

2 percent in 1990, to 54.6. Rates for

white men by age increased in a similar

pattern as those for men of all races

combined, The rate for black men

increased 1 percent, to 84,9 in 1990.

Rates by age for black men increased

as well, but in most cases at a slower

pace than rates for white men.

Weight at birth

Although the overall incidence of

low birth weight in 1990 remained

unchanged from the 1989 level of

7.0 percent, the substantial racial disparity narrowed slightly. There was a

decline between 1989 and 1990 in the

proportion of low-birth-weight babies

(birth weight of less than 2,500 grams

or 59” pounds) to black mothers, from

13.5 percent to 13.3 percent, while the

rate for white mothers remained stable

at 5.7 percent. The percent low birth

weight among births to white mothers has

remained steady throughout the 1980’s,

between 5.6 and 5.7 percent, but for births

to black mothers this proportion has

increased, from 12.7 in 1980 to 13.3 in

1990. The reduction in low birth weight

for births to biack mothers from the 1989

level marks the first decline since 1984.

Most of the decrease was for mothers

aged 20-24 (from 12.9 to 12.3percent)

and 25-29 years (from 13,5 to 13.1percent). (See table 13 for basic data.)

The percent of very low-birthweight births (less than 1,500 grams, or

3 pounds 4 ounces) –infants at the

greatest risk of infant mortality and

childhood morbidity – was unchanged

from the 1989 rate of 1.3 percent, The

overall incidence of very low birth

weight has increased by about 10 percent since the late 1970’s, reflecting

the steady rise in the proportion of

preterm births. The vast majority of

very low-birth-weight babies are born

preterm (95 percent in 1990). In 1990

as in 1989, births to black mothers

were three times as likely as births to

white mothers to have very low birth

weight (2.9 percent and 1.0 percent,

respectively).

Between 1989 and 1990, the incidence of low birth weight for births to

white mothers increased by 1 percent

for the youngest age group (under 15

years) and by 2 percent for births to

mothers aged 35–39 years; decreased

by 2–7 percent for births to mothers

aged 30–34, 40-44, and 45-49 years;

and remained unchanged for other

ages. Among births to black mothers,

there were reductions in low-birthweight levels of 5 percent or less for

mothers under 35 years and mothers

aged 45-49 and increases of 24 percent for mothers aged 35-44 years.

Overall, the highest risk of low birth

weight is for babies born to mothers

under 15 years of age and to mothers

aged 45 and over; the lowest risk is for

infants of mothers aged 25–34 years.

The racial differential in low birth

weight is associated with the much

higher incidence of preterm births

(less than 37 weeks of gestation)

among black mothers, 18.8 percent

compared with 8.9 percent for white

mothers in 1990. Preterm births are

much more likely to be of low birth

weight (40.6 percent) than term births

(3.1 percent). Proportions of low birth

weight among preterm births are similar for white (38.9 percent) and black

mothers (45.5 percent), but for term

births the risk of low birth weight is

twice as high for black mothers as for

white mothers. In 1990, 2.5 percent of

term births to white mothers were low

birth weight compared with 5.9 percent for term births to black mothers.

For postterm births the proportions

were 1.7 percent for white mothers

and 4.3 percent for black mothers.

The overall median birth weight

for infants born in 1990 was 3,370

grams (7 pounds 7 ounces), urlchanged

since 1984. The median for births to

white mothers was the same as in 1989

(3,410 grams). For births to black

mothers the median increased from

3,160 in 1989 to 3,170 in 19901.

The numbers and proportions of

low-birth-weight babies for each State

are shown in table 14. Between 1989

and 1990, levels of low birth weight

among births to white mothers

increased in 21 States and the District

of Columbia and declined in 16 States.

There were no changes reported for 13

States. Among the 36 States and the

District of Columbia with at least 1,000

births to black mothers in :1990, the

proportions of low-birth-weight births

to black mothers increased in 12

States, fell in 21 States and the District

of Columbia, and did not change in 3

States.

Multiple births

LNe births in multiple deliveries

totaled 96,893” for 1990, a 4-percent

increase over the 92,916 reported in

1989 compared with a 3-percent

increase in single births (table 15).

Multiple births include twins, triplets,

quadruplets, and higher orc[er plural

births. Although each year the vast

majority of multiple births are twins,

this proportion continues to decline. In

1990 twin births comprised 96.9 percent of all multiple births compared

with 98.1 percent in 1980.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repoti ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~9

The ratio of multiple births per

1,000 total live births was 23.3 in 1990

compared with 23.0 in 1989. Ratios

have increased steadily since a low of

18.4 in 1973.

Multiple birth ratios vary in a distinctive pattern according to age of

mother. The highest ratio was for

mothers aged 35-39 years, 31.8 in 1990

compared with the low of 10.0 for

births to mothers under 15 years of

age. These differences by age were

observed for both white and black

mothers, and except for the age group

45-49 years, the age-specific multiple

birth ratios for black births were

higher than those for white births.

Multiple birth ratios have consistently been higher for black births than

for white births, but the racial differential narrowed slightly behveen 1989

and 1990 as the ratio for births to

white mothers increased at a greater

rate (from 22.5 to 22.9) than for black

mothers (from 26.9 to 27.0). Conversely, the ratio of higher order multiple births, which relates the number

of triplets and other higher order multiple births to 100,000 live births, was

substantially higher for white mothers

(80.2) than for black mothers (46.9).

This ratio increased for both races

from the previous year, when the

ratios were 77.8 for white mothers and

38,9 for black mothers. For 1990 the

ratio for all higher order multiple

births was 72.8, an increase of 5 percent over the previous year (69.2).

The number of babies born in

triplet and higher order plural deliveries continued to rise in 1990, to a

total of 3,028, an 8-percent increase

over the 1989 level of 2,798. These

births accounted for 3.1 percent of all

muItiple births in 1990 compared with

3.0 percent in 1989. This increase is

due entirely to a rise in the number of

triplet births, which increased by

12 percent, from 2,529 births in 1989

to 2,830 births in 1990, comprising

2.9 percent of all multiple births compared with 2.7 percent for the previous

year. (In contrast, twin births rose by

4 percent between 1989 and 1990.)

Births in quadruplet deliveries

declined, from 229 in 1989 to 185 in

1990, Quintuplet and higher order

births also declined, from 40 births in

1989 to only 13 births in 1990. (Data

not shown in table 15.)

The lower birth weights and elevated rates of prematurity of multiple

births, when compared with singIe

births, are highly associated with their

elevated infant mortality (12). For

1990 more than half (51.9 percent) of

all plural births were of low birth

weight compared with 5.9 percent of

single births. Similarly, 49.1 percent of

all multiple births in 1990 were born

preterm compared with 9.7 percent of

single births. (Data not shown in this

report.)

The increasing incidence of multipIe births in recent years, and in

particular of higher order multiple

births, has been associated with the

delay of childbearing and increased

use of fertility-enhancing drugs among

older mothers. For white mothers most

of the increase has been associated

with the expanded use of fertility

drugs, while the increase among black

mothers has been attributed to a shift

in the age composition of women in

their childbearing ages (13).

Births to unmarried women

Increases averaging 4-7 percent

were reported for the three principal

measures of childbearing by unmarried

women in 1990, the sixth successive

year of such increases. The number of

births to unmarried mothers reached a

record level of 1,165,384 in 1990,

7 percent more than in 1989. The

number of nonmarital births has

increased 75 percent since 1980

(665,747). The birth rate per 1,000

unmarried women increased 5 percent,

to 43.8 in 1990. This rate rose 49 percent since 1980 (29.4). Because of the

much greater increase in births and

the birth rate for unmarried women

(5-7 percent) than for married women

(l-2 percent) between 1989 and 1990,

the proportion of all births occurring

to unmarried women continued to rise,

reaching 28.0 percent in 1990. In 1980,

18.4 percent of births were to unmarried mothers. (Basic data for unmarried women are shown in tables 16 and

17.)

Nonmarital childbearing increased

more for white women than for

black women over the last decade. The

number of births to unmarried white

women totaled 669,698 in 1990, 9 percent more than in 1989 (613,543), and

more than twice as many as in 1980

(328,984). The number of nonmarital

births to bIack women in 1990 was

w5,304, 3 percent more than in 1989

(442,395) and 43 percent more than in

1980 (318,799). The proportions of aH

births that were to unmarried women

rose for both race groups, to 20,4 percent for white births and 66.5 percent

for black births.

The birth rate for white unmarried

women was 32.9 per 1,000 in 1990,

9 percent higher than the rate in 1989

(30.2) and 82 percent higher than in

1980 (18.1). The birth rate for bIack

unmarried women, while much higher,

changed much less during these years.

The rate was 90.5 in 1990, about the

same as the rate of 90.7 in 1989, and

12 percent higher than the rate of 81.1

in 1980. As a consequence of the

greater increase in rates for white

women than for black women, the

racial differential in nonmarital birth

rates declined considerably during the

1980’s. The rate for black women was

4.5 times the rate for white women in

1980; by 1990, this differential fell to

2.8.

Increases in nonmarital birth rates

were substantial for women in all age

groups, except young teenagers 15-17

years. Rates rose by 6-8 percent for

women aged 18-44 years. The rate for

teenagers 15-17 years rose 3 percent.

Not only have the age-specific rates

continued to rise virtually without

interruption since the mid-1970’q the

rates measured for 1990 in alI but one

instance are the highest ever observed

in the 50 years for which national rates

are availabIe. (The one exception is

the rate for women aged 35–39 years,

which was 17.3 in 1990 compared with

17.4 in 1965, the highest level ever for

that rate.) Birth rates were highest for

women in age groups 18-24 years,

60.7-65.1 per 1,000.

Increases in birth rates for white

unmarried women were substantial in

every age group, amounting to 10 percent or more for women in age groups

1844 years. The rate for white teenagers 15-17 years rose 6 percent.
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Much smaller increases were observed

for black women, 2 percent in each age

group 18–44 years. The rate for young

black teenagers fell slightly in 1990.

This pattern of much greater increases

in rates for white than for black

women has been observed for more

than a decade.

Although increases in age-specific

birth rates were widespread in 1990, it

is the rise in the rates for women in

their twenties and older, particularly

those aged 25-39 years, that has had

the greatest impact on nonmarital

childbearing since 1980. This is

because the increases in rates of

65-78 percent during the 1980’s for

women aged 25-39 years have coincided with comparably large increases

(40-89 percent) in the m.wnber of

unmarried women in those age groups.

The number of unmarried women

aged 15-24 years by contrast has actually fallen, by 6 percent. Therefore the

increases in the rates for unmarried

teenagers and women in their early

twenties have had lesser effect. These

divergent patterns have resulted in

substantially more births to older

unmarried women and an increasing

proportion of all nonmarital births

occurring to women 25 years of age

and over, 34 percent in 1990 compared

with 24 percent in 1980.

Levels of nonmarital childbearing

vary widely according to State of residence, The number and ratio of births

to unmarried women for each State by

race are shown in table 18, With only

two exceptions (Delaware and Texas),

the ratios per 1,000 total live births in

each State were higher in 1990 than in

1989. This was the case for births to

white mothers as well, with only one

exception (Texas). The ratios for

births to black unmarried mothers

increased in all but six States (Arizona,

Delaware, Iowa, Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, and Texas).

Interval since last live birth

The interval since the mother’s

last live birth is computed for all

second and higher order births from

the date of the last live birth and the

date of the present birth (table 19).

There has been virtually no

change over the last several years in

the proportions of births occurring

within various intervals following the

mother’s previous live birth. In 1990 as

in 1986–89, 13 percent of all second

and higher order births occurred

within 18 months of the mother’s previous birth, 27 percent within 2 years

and 51 percent within 3 years.

A substantial racial differential

has been observed for many years in

the occurrence of births within very

short intervals. In 1990, 12 percent of

births to white mothers and 20 percent

of births to black mothers occurred

within 1!/2 years of the mother’s previous birth.

Closely spaced births tend to be at

disproportionate risk of low birth

weight and other health complications

(14). In many cases this is because

closely spaced births tend to occur

more frequently to young women and

to black women. For example, while

15 percent of all second births were to

black mothers, 19 percent of all

closely spaced second births were to

black women. Babies born to teenage

and black mothers are at greatly elevated risk of low birth weight. (See

earlier section of this report.)

Educational attainment of

mother and father

In 1990 as in 1989, educational

attainment of the parents was reported

on the birth certificates of 48 States,

the District of Columbia, and New

York City. Data were not available for

the remainder of New York State and

Washington. There was a slight decline

in the proportion of mothers reported

to have been high school graduates,

76 percent in 1990 compared with

77 percent in 1989. (See tables 20 and

21 for basic data.) The proportion of

fathers who had completed high school

remained unchanged, at 82 percent.

This proportion for fathers may be

overstated because it is based largely

on information for births to married

parents. When the mother is unmarried, information on the father is often

not reported on the birth certificate.

Because nonmarital births tend to be

disproportionately to young mothers, it

is likely that the fathers of these babies

are young as well, and have had less

opportunity to pursue their education.

In 1990, 17 percent of mothers

giving birth were college graduates, the

same level as in 1989. One third or

more of mothers aged 30 years and

over were college graduates. These

proportions were even higher for firsttime mothers, 46 percent of mothers

aged 30–34 and 52 percent of mothers

aged 35-39 years,

There was no change in the proportions of high school and college

graduates among white and black

mothers in 1990. Among white

mothers, 78 percent had completed

high school and 19 percent were college graduates, Among black mothers,

70 percent had completed high school

and 7 percent were college graduates,

The median years of school completed

by white mothers was 12.7 years, and

by black mothers, 12.5 years.

Births to Hispanic mothers

Hispanic origin of the parents was

reported on the birth certificates of 48

States and the District of Columbia in

1990, an increase of 1 State (Louisiana) compared with 1989. Only New

Hampshire and Oklahoma did not

report this information in 1990,

According to data from the 1990

census, 99.6 percent of the Hispanic

population resides in the 1990

reporting area (9).

The text and tabulations (tables

22-26) in this report present data for

births classified by Hispanic origin of

the mother. Origin of the mother was

very well reported in 1990; it was

missing for only 1 percent of the birth

records. (See table 22 for basic data.)

The fertility of the Hispanic population, in particular that of Mexican

women, continues to be the highest of

any ethnic or racial group in the

United States for which fertility can be

reliably measured. In 1990 the fertility

rate for Hispanic women as a group

was 107.7 births per 1,000 women aged

15-44 years, 61 percent higher than

the rate for non-Hispanic women, 67.1

(table 24). Rates for white and black

non-Hispanic women for 1990 were

both substantially below the rate for

Hispanic women, 62.8 and 89.0,

respectively.

Among the Hispanic groups, the

fertility of Mexican women was highest
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~11

(118.9), followed by “other Hispanic”

women (102.7), Puerto Rican women

(82.9), and Cuban women (52.6). The

relationship of the rates in 1990 is

similar to that observed in 1989.

The number of Hispanic origin

births totaled 595,073 in 1990. Of

these, 65 percent were to Mexican

women, 14 percent to Central and

South American women, 10 percent to

Puerto Rican women, and 2 percent

were to Cuban women. These proportions were about the same as in 1989,

except for an increased proportion of

Mexican births, up from 61 to 65 percent.

The Hispanic population is highly

concentrated geographically. In 1990,

41 percent of Hispanic births were to

Califomia residents and 20 percent

were to Texas residents. Other States

with relatively large proportions of

Hispanic births were New York (9 percent), Florida (5 percent), Illinois

(4 percent), Arizona and New Jersey

(3 percent each) and New Mexico

(2 percent) (table 22). These proportions have been observed for several

years.

In 1990, 97.1 percent of Hispanic

mothers were reported to be white,

1.7 percent were black, and 1.2 percent were of other races (table 23).

There has been little change in these

proportions since 1978 when birth data

for the Hispanic population first

became available.

Birth rates by age, fertility rates,

and total fertility rates by Hispanic

origin are shown in table 24, (Fertility

rates by State are shown in table 6.)

These rates, based on 1990 census

counts, indicate clearly that the fertility of Hispanic women exceeds that

of white and black non-Hispanic

women in every age group for women

aged 20 years and over. The differential between Hispanic and nonHispanic age-specific rates is larger as

age of mother advances. For example,

the rate for Hispanic women aged

25-29 years was 153.0 per 1,000,

31 percent higher than the rate of

116.5 for non-Hispanic women. By

ages 35-39 years, the rate for Hispanic

women (45.3) was 48 percent higher

than the rate for non-Hispanic women

(30.7).

The one exception to the pattern

of higher fertility for Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic women is in

the teenage years. A1though Hispanic

teenagers have much higher fertility

than non-Hispanic teenagers as a

group, 100.3 compared with 54.8, this

is not the case when rates for nonHispanic teenagers are examined for

white and black women separately.

The teenage birth rate was highest for

black non-Hispanic teenagers, 116.2

per 1,000 aged 15-19 years compared

with 100.3 for Hispanic teenagers. The

rate for Hispanic teenagers, however,

was still substantially higher than that

for white non-Hispanic teenagers,

42.5.

In the section on births and birth

rates earlier in this report, it was noted

that teen birth rates, in particular

those for white women, have been

affected by the growing Hispanic

teenage population and the high fertility of Hispanic teenagers. This is

clarified when the rates for all white

teenagers (50.8) and white nonHispanic teenagers (42.5) are compared. It is evident that the much

higher fertility of Hispanic teenagers is

an important factor in the overall level

of the birth rate for white teenagers.

Total fertility rates indicate the

potential impact of current fertili~

levels on completed family size. The

elevated total fertility rates of Hispanic

women, especially Mexican and “other

Hispanic” women, clearly reflect the

high age-specific birth rates for these

women. The rate of 3,214.0 for Mexican women was 74 percent greater

than the rate of 1,850.5 for white nonHispanic women and 26 percent

higher than the rate of 2,547.5 for

black non-Hispanic women. Rates for

other Hispanic groups ranged from a

low of 1,459.5 for Cuban women to a

high of 2,877,0 for “other Hispanic”

women (table 24).

In 1990, 17 percent of all Hispanic

births and 18 percent of Mexican

births were to mothers under 20 years

of age. This proportion ranged from 8

to 9 percent for Cuban and Central

and South Anerican mothers to

22 percent for Puerto Rican mothers.

(Basic data are shown in table 25.) The

very high fertility of all Hispanic

women (except Cuban women)

throughout the childbearing years is a

key factor in accounting for the greater

proportion of fourth and higher order

births to Hispanic mothers (15 percent) compared with non-Hispanic

mothers (10 percent) (table 26). The

variation in this measure of childbearing largely mirrors the variations

in proportions of teen births and in

levels of age-specific birth rates.

A summary of various maternal

demographic and irifant health characteristics for Hispanic and nonHispanic births is presented in

table 26. There has been very little

change in the levels of these characteristics over the 10-12-year period for

which the data have been available.

Hispanic women as a group are more

likely than non-Hispanic women to

have had their fourth or higher order

child, to have completed fewer than 12

years of schooling, and to have had

late or no prenatal care. Some of the

educational differential can be attributed to the high proportion of Hispanic mothers who were born outside

the United States, 61 percent overall.

Presumably many foreign-born Hispanic women have not been exposed to

a universal educational system. Other

important differentials in childbearing

characteristics have been documented

for U.S.- and foreign-born Hispanic

mothers (15,16). In spite of the less

advantageous status of many Hispanic

women with respect to educational

attainment and receipt of prenatal

care, Hispanic infants as a group continue to have relatively favorable levels

of low birth weight, an average of

6.1 percent compared with 5.6 percent

for white non-Hispanic infants and

13.3 percent for black non-Hispanic

infants. The much lower incidence of

smoking by Hispanic mothers may

partly account for the favorable lowbirth-weight levels (11). The maternal

and infant characteristics incIuded in

table 26 are shown for the Mexiq

Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South

American, and Other and unknown Hispanic populations separately. Tlese data

demonstrate clearly the heterogenei~ of

the Hispanic population and the importance of differentiating among the groups

in analyzing fertility patterns.
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Births of other racial and

national origin groups

The number of Chinese,

Hawaiian, Filipino, and Other Asian

or Pacific Islander births increased by

5–9 percent between 1989 and 1990

while the number of American Indian

and Japanese births decreased by

1 percent or less. (Data for 1990 are

shown in table 27.) Included in the

classification “Other Asian or Pacific

Islander” are births to Asian Indian,

Cambodian, Korean, Laotian, Thai,

and Vietnamese mothers.

The relatively high incidence of

teenage childbearing (the proportion

of births under 20 years of age) among

American Indian mothers (20 percent)

declined by less than 1 percent

between 1989 and 1990, but births to

Hawaiian teen mothers increased by

7 percent, to 18 percent of all births.

Increases in teenage childbearing

ranged from 2 to 21 percent, but the

levels remained very low among Chinese (1 percent), Japanese (3 percent),

and Filipino and other Asian or Pacific

Islander mothers (6 percent). In contrast, the proportion of births to

women aged 30 years and over was

high among Chinese (58 percent), Japanese (59 percent), Filipino (46 percent), and other Asian mothers

(39 percent), while the ratios for

American Indian (21 percent) and

Hawaiian mothers (22 percent) were

relatively low, reflecting increases

between 1989 and 1990 of up to 5 percent for all groups except Filipino,

which decreased by less than 1 percent. Childbearing patterns among

these groups have remained stable for

several jears.

Levels of low birth weight for

births to mothers of races other than

white and black ranged from 4.7 percent (Chinese) to 7,3 percent (Filipino) (table 29), In comparison, the

rate of low birth weight for white

births was 5.7 percent and for black

births, 13.3 percent. Between 1989 and

1990 the incidence of low birth weight

declined between 1 percent (Hawaiian) and 7 percent (Japanese) among

all groups except Filipino and Other

Asian, where no change was noted.

For 1990 the proportion of very low

birth weight varied from 0.5 percent

(Chinese) to 1.0 percent (American

Indian and Filipino). These rates compare favorably with those for white

mothers (1.0 percent) and black

mothers (2.9 percent). Except for

births to American Indian and

Hawaiian mothers, the relatively favorable proportions of low-weight births

are associated with the comparatively

few births to teenage mothers, who are

at increased risk of low birth weight.

Beginning with 1990, birth rates

are available for American Indian and

Asian or Pacific Islander births as a

group (table 28). Included in the latter

category are many disparate ethnic

groups, including Chinese, Japanese,

Hawaiian, Filipino, and Other Asian

or Pacific Islander (from third generation Japanese American mothers to

newly arrived Laotian mothers), and as

a result, its analytic value may be limited. The 1990 birth rates and fertility

rates (defined as the number of live

births per 1,000 women aged 15-44

years) for American Indian (18.9 and

76.2) and Asian or Pacific Islander

(19.0 and 69.6) women are quite comparable, but analysis of the age-specific

rates of the two groups reveal very

distinct fertility patterns (table 28),

The age-specific birth rates for American Indian women reveal high fertility

at the younger ages and comparatively

low fertility at the older ages (81.1 for

ages 15–19 years and 148.7 for ages

20–24 compared with 27.5 for ages

35–39). The analogous rates for Asian

or Pacific Islander women are 26.4,

79.2, and 49.6, respectively. The American Indian age-specific rates generally

are lower than, but largely mirror,

those for black mothers.

In direct contrast, age-specific

birth rates for Asian or Pacific

Islanders are lower than those for

American Indian and white and black

women for all younger age groups up

to ages 25–29 years, at which point

Asian or Pacific Islander birth rates

exceed those of the other races and

continue to do so for each age group

throughout the childbearing years. The

higher age-specific birth rates for

Asian or Pacific Islander older

mothers reflects, at least in part,

delayed childbearing resulting from

the disruption associated with immigration (17,18).

Month of pregnancy prenatal

care began

The proportion of mothers who

began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnrmcy increased slightly

from 1989 to 1990, from 75 percent to

76 percent. Except for 2 years (1984

and 1989), this proportion has been

stable at 76 percent since 1979. The

percent of mothers who began care in

the third trimester or received no care

at all was unchanged from the 6 percent reported since 1983. (See table 30

for 1990 data.)

The substantial racial differential

in prenatal care persists, The percent

of white mothers receiving care in the

first trimester of pregnancy was 79 percent, the same as the previous year.

The proportion of black mothers

beginning care during this critical

period rose slightly, from 60 percent in

1989 to 61 percent in 1990. Overall, in

1990, 11 percent of black mothers and

5 percent of white mothers received

late or no prenatal care. These proportions represent a decrease for black

mothers from the 12 percent reported

in 1989 and no change for white

mothers. As in previous years, unmarried mothers are much more likely

than their married counterparts to

receive inadequate or no care,, 4 percent of all married mothers compared

with 13 percent of unmarried m~others.

For white mothers these proportions

were 3 percent for married and 12 percent for unmarried mothers. Among

black mothers, 6 percent of married

mothers and 14 percent of unmarried

mothers received late or no care.

As in the last several years, timing

of prenatal care improved for mothers

under 20 and 40 years of age and over

between 1989 and 1990, Still, only

54.7 percent of mothers under 20 years

of age began care in the first 3 months

of pregnancy. This proporticm rose

steadily, to a peak of 85,3 percent for

women aged 30-34 and fell to 78.6 percent for women aged 40-49 years.

A review of prenatal care data by

State reveals wide variation among

States in the percent of mothers
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~13

receiving late or no care. For white

mothers only 1 State reported that at

least 10 percent of mothers received

late or no care, whereas for the 36

States and the District of Columbia

with at least 1,000 births to black

mothers, 24 States reported that

10 percent or more of black mothers

received late Oi no care. Between 1989

and 1990, 12 States and the District of

Columbia showed increases, 34 States

showed decreases, and 4 States

showed no change in the proportion of

white mothers who received late or no

care. Among the 36 States and the

District of Columbia with at least 1,000

births to black mothers in 1990, 13

States and the District of Columbia

reported increases, 22 States showed

reductions, and there was no change in

1 State.

Number of prenatal visits

In 1990 the median number of

visits made to obtain prenatal care by

women who received any prenatal care

was 12,0. The overall median number

of visits has increased slowly, from 11.4

in 1982 to 12.0 in 1987, but has shown

no change since that year. There was

no change in the median number of

visits for either white (12.2) or black

mothers (10.6) from the previous year.

(Summary data for 1990 are presented

in table 31.)

As would be expected, the earlier

prenatal care begins, the greater the

number of visits. On average, there

were 12.5 visits for mothers who began

care in the first trimester, 9.2 visits for

mothers who began care in the second

trimester, and 5.0 visits for mothers

who began care in the third trimester.

These medians have been generally

rising since 1980, when the comparable

figures were 12.1, 8.7, and 4.7, respectively.

Racial differences are reduced

substantially when median visits are

analyzed by trimester or by marital

status. In 1990 white mothers who

began care in the first trimester had an

average of 12.5 visits compared with

12.2 for, black mothers, Married white

mothers had 12.3 median visits

compared with 11.9 for married black

mothers, and the median number of

visits for unmarried white mothers was

10.6 compared with 10.2 for unmarried

black mothers.

Period of gestation

The length of gestation is measured from the first day of the mother’s

last normal menstrual period (LMP) to

the date of birth. When the length of

gestation as computed from the LMP

is inconsistent with the reported birth

weight or is incompletely reported, the

“clinical estimate of gestation” —an

item added to the 1989 revision of the

birth certificate – is used. The proportion of babies born preterm, that is,

before 37 weeks of gestation, remained

unchanged from the 1989 level of

10.6 percent. This proportion generally

has been increasing in the last decade;

the 1990 percent represents a 12-

percent rise over the 1982 level of

9.5 percent. The increase in preterrn

births is seen for both white and black

mothers. (Data for 1990 are shown in

table 32.)

The proportion of preterm births

among white mothers increased

slightly in 1990, to 8.9 percent from

8.8 percent in 1989. The percent of

preterm births for black mothers

decreased slightly, from 18.9 in 1989 to

18.8 in 1990, slightly narrowing the

substantial racial disparity.

Apgar score

The Apgar score, originated by the

late physician Virginia Apgar, is a

numerical expression of the physical

condition of an infant at birth. The

score is a composite evacuation of 5

factors – the infant’s heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, irritability,

and color —each of which is assigned a

value from O to 2. The overall score is

the sum of the 5 values, with a score of

10 being optimum. The l-minute

Apgar score is an indication of the

infant’s condition at birth, whereas the

5-minute score is considered a better

assessment of the infant’s Iong-term

health status and survival chances. In

1990 the Apgar score at both 1 and 5

minutes after birth were reported by

47 States and the District of Columbia.

(Data for 1990 are shown in tables 33

and 34.)

In 1990 the proportion of babies

with high l-minute Apgar scores of

9-10 increased for the fourth consecutive year, from 42.3 percent in 1989 to

42.7 percent. Between 1989 and 1990,

this proportion rose by 1 percent for

births to both white and black

mothers, but as in the previous year

the proportion of high l-minute scores

was slightly larger for births to black

mothers (44.4) than to white mothers

(42.2). There was little overall change

between 1989 (2.3 percent) and 1990

(2.2 percent) in the level of severely

depressed births (scores of O-3).

Severely depressed scores to black

births decreased (3.8-3.6 percent),

with no change reported for births to

white mothers (1.9). Births to black

mothers continue to be almost twice as

likely to have severely depressed

scores as births to white mothers.

Five-minute scores of 9-10 were

reported for 89.6 percent of births in

1990, an increase over the level of

89.1 percent reported for 1989. In contrast to l-minute scores, births to white

mothers were more likely than births

to black mothers to have scores of 9 or

10, 90.1 percent compared with

87.3 percent. Similar to the l-minute

score, however, severely depressed

scores were more prevalent for births

to black mothers (1.0 percent) than for

births to white mothers (0.4 percent).

Between 1989 and 1990, the. proportion of low 5-minute scores (scores

less than 7) decreased slightly for each

age group except the youngest (under

15 years) and the oldest (45-49 years).

As in previous years, mothers under 15

years of age and mothers in their late

forties are more likely to have low

Apgar scores (3.2-3.3 percent) than

mothers aged 25–29 and 30-34 years

(1.3 percent). The incidence of low

scores was higher for births to black

mothers than for births to white

mothers, regardhs of the mother’s age,
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993

References Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982.

1. Ventura SJ. Trends and variations in 9. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Age, sex,

first births to older women, 1970-86. race, and Hispanic origin information

National Center for Health Statistics. from the 1990 census: A comparison of

Vital Health Stat 21(47). 1989. census results with results where age

2. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Marital and race have been modified. 1990

status and living arrangements, March CPH-L-74. Washington: U.S. Depart1990. Current population reports; ment of Commerce. 1991.

series P-20, no 450. Washington: U.S. 10. Taffel SM, Placek PJ, Kosary CL. U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1991. Cesarean section rates, 1990: An

3. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Fertility ofi~date. Birth 19(1):21-2. 1992.

American women, June 1990. Current 11. N~ional Center for Health Statistics.

population reports; series P-20, no 454. -. .-Advance report of new data from the

Washington: U.S. Department of Com- 1989 birth certificate. Monthly vital

merce. 1991. statistics report; vol 40 no 12, suppl.

4. lvfosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health

infertility in the United States, Service. 1992.

1965-88. Advance data from vital and 12. Taffel SM. Health and demographic

health statistics; no 192. Hyattsville, characteristics of twin births, United

Maryland: National Center for Health States, 1988. National Center for

Statistics. 1990. Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

5. Lewis CT, Ventura SJ. Birth and fer- 21(50). 1992.

tility rates by education, 1980 and 13. Kiely JL, Kleinman JC, Kiely M. Trip1985. National Center for Health Sta- lets and higher-order multiple births:

tistics. Vital Health Stat 21 (49). 1990. Time trends and infant mortality.

6. Centers for Disease Control. Premar- AJDC 146:862-68.1992.

ital sexual experience among adoles- 14. Spratley E, Taffel S. Interval between

cent women: United States, 1970-88. births, United States, 1970-77.

MMWR 39:929-32.1991. National Center for Health Statistics.

7. Ventura SJ, Taffel SM, Mosher WD, Vital Health Stat 21(39). 1981.

Henshaw S. Trends in pregnancies and 15. Ventura SJ, Taffel SM. Childbearing

pregnancy rates, United States, characteristics of U.S.- and foreign1980-88. Monthly vital statistics report; born Hispanic mothers. Public Health

vol 41 no 6, sup@? Hyattsville, Mary- Rep 100(6):647-52. 1985.

land: Public Health Service. 1992. 16. Mendoza FS, Ventura SJ, Valdez B, et

8. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Prelimi- al. Selected measures of health status

nary estimates of the population of the for Mexican-American, Mainland

United States, by age, sex, and mce, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-/unerican

1970 to 1981. Current population children. JAMA. 265(2):227-32. 1991.

reports; series P-25, r10 917.

17. Kahn JR. Immigrant selectivity and

fertility adaptation in the United

States. Social Forces 67(1):10%28. The

University of North Carolina Press.

1988.

18. Kahn JR. Migration, population

growth, and development. Population

Reports; vol XI, no 4.1983.

19. Heuser RL. Race and ethnicity in U.S.

natality tabulations. Paper presented

at the annual meeting of the Anerican

Public Health Association, Ott 24,

Chicago. 1989.

20, Ventura SJ. U.S. fertility data by race:

, New tabulations from NCHS. Paper

presented at the annual meeting of the

American Public Health Association,

Nov 10, Washington. 1992.

21. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. population estimates, by age, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin: 1980-91. Current population reports; series P-25, no 1095.

Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992.

22. Berkov B. An evaluation of California’s inferred birth statistics for unmarried women. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

--.-.,2(97). 1985,

..<23. N’i@onal Center for Health Statistics.

~~ita~ statistics of the United States,

19$9, vol I, natality. Washington:

Public Health Service. In press.

24. Taffel SM. Trends in low birth weight,

United States, 1975-85. National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 21(48). 1989.

25. Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1985. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI36 no 11, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1988.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~15

List of tables

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9,

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Live births, birth rates, and fertility

rates, by race: United States, specified years 1940-55 and each year 15.

1960-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...17

Live births by age of mother and

live-birth order, by race of mother 16.

and of child: United States, 1990..18

Birth rates by age of mother and

live-birth order, by race of mother

and of child: United States, 1990..20 17.

Total fertility rates and birth rates

by age of mother and racti United

States, 1970-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2l 18.

Birth rates by live-birth order and

race: United States, 1970 and

1980-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...23

Live births by race of mother and of 19.

child, birth rates, and fertility rates

by race and Hispanic origin of

mothec United States, each divi- 20.

sionand State,1990 . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Live births by sex and sex ratio, by

race: United States, 1980-90......25

Live births by race of mother and

observed and seasonally adjusted 21.

birth and fertility rates, by month:

United States, 1990.............25

Average number of live births and

index of occurrence, by day of week:

United States, 1990.............26

Live births by attendant, place of 22.

delivery, and race of mother and of

chiId: United States, 1990........27

Live births by age of father and

mother and race of father and of

child: United States, 1990........28

Birth rates by age of father and 23.

race: United States, 1980-90 . . ...29

Number and percent low birth

weight and live births by birth

weight, age of mother, and race of

mother and of child: United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...30 24.

Number and percent of births of

low birth weight, by race of mother

and of child: United States and

each State, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..32

Live births by plurality of birth and

age of mother, by race of mother:

United States, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . ...33 25.

Numbers, rates, and ratios of births

to unmarried women by age of

mother, by race of mother and of

child: United States, 1990........33

Birth rates for unmarried women by 26.

age of mother and race: United

States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-90...34

Number and ratio of births to

unmarried women, by race of

mother and of child: Uriited States

and each State, 1990. ., . . . . ., . ..36 27,

Live births by interval since Iast live

birth, live-birth order, and race of

mothe~ United States, 1990, . . ...37 28.

Live births by educational attainment of mother and of father and 29.

race: Total of 48 reporting States,

the District of Columbia, and New

York City, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...37

Live births by educational attain- 30.

ment of mother and age of mother,

by race of mother and of child:

Total of 48 reporting States, the

District of Columbia, and New 31.

York City, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...38

Live births by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic origin: 32.

Total of 48 reporting States, the

District of Columbia, and each

State, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...39 33.

Number and percent distribution of

live births by race of mother and of

child, according to Hispanic origin

of mother: Total of 48 reporting 34.

States and the District of Columbia,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...40

Birth and fertility rates, total fertility rates, and birth rates by age of

mother, by Hispanic origin of

mother, and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic origin:

Total of 48 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1990.......40

Live births by age and Hispanic

origin of mother and by race of

mother for mothers of non-Hispanic

origin: Total of 48 reporting States

and the District of Columbia, 1990.41

Percent of births with selected characteristics, by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hkpanic origin:

Total of 48 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1990,.......41

Live births by age of mother, by

specified race of mother and of

child: United States, 1990, . . . . . ..42

Birth rates by age and specified race

of mothec United States, 1990. . ..42

Live births by birth weight and percent low birth weight, by specified

race of mother and of child: United

States, 1990. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...43

Live births by month of pregnancy

prenatal care began and age of

mother, by race of mother and of

child: United States, 1990........44

Live births by month of pregnancy

prenatal care began and number of

prenatal visits, by race of mother

and of child: United States, 1990, .45

Live births by period of gestation

and birth weight, by race of mother

and of child: United States, 1990..46

Live births by 1- and 5-minute

Apgar scores, by race of mother and

of child: Total of 47 reporting States

and the District of Columbia, 1990.47

Live births by 5-minute Apgar score

and age of mother, by race of mother

and of child: Total of 47 reporting

States and the District of Columbi%

1990... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...48
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993

Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

— Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 births in

numerator or denominator)
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~17

Table 1. Live blrtha, birth retea, and fertility rates, by race: United States, specified years 1940-55 and eech year 1960-90

[Birth rates are live births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15+4 years in specified group. Population enumerated as of

April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to nonresidenta of the United States]

Number Birth rate Fertility rate

A// other All other All other

All Ail All

Year races White Total BIack races White Total Black races White Total Black

Registered blrlhs

Rece of mothec

1s90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990......,......!.

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19B8, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 .,.... . . . . . . . .

1980~. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771.. . . . . . . . .

19761 . . : : : :.......,

19751 .,, . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . ,..,,.

19731 ..4.......,,.<

19721, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . .

19702.....,....::::

19692 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19673 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18632$4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19622.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Births adjusted

for underreglstratlon

Race of child:

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,156.212

4,158,212

4,040,956

3,909,510

3,609,394

3,756,547

3,760,561

3,669,141

3;660;537

3,629,236

3,612,256

3,494,398

3,333,279

3,326,632

3,167,766

3,144,196

3,159,956

3,136,965

3,256,411

3,555,970

3,731,386

3,600,206

3,501,564

3,520,959

3,606,274

3,760,358

4,027,490

4,096,020

4,167,362

4,266,326

4,257,650

4,097,000

3,632,000

2,858,000

2,559,000

3,290,273

3,192,355

3,225,343

3,131,991

3,046,162

2,992,466

2,970,439

2,991,373

2,923,502

2,904,250

2;90S,669

2,896,732

2,806,420

2,661,116

2,691,070

2,567,614

2,551,996

2,575,792

2,551,030

2,655,558

2,919,746

3,091,264

2,993,614

2,912,224

2,922,502

2,893,230

3,123,660

3,369,160

3,326,344

3,394,066

3,600,664

3,600,744

3,465,000

3,106,000

2,471,000

2,198,000

667,939

848,603

932,869

908,967

863,348

616,906

786,108

769,186

745,s39

734,683

736,483

720,569

713,526

685,976

652,183

S35,562

600,174

592,202

584,166

685,935

602,853

836,224

640,122

606,592

569,340

596,457

613,044

S38,496

656,330

638,928

641,560

667,462

657,106

613,000

524,000

386,000

360,000

664,336

673,124

724,576

709,395

671,976

641,567

621,221

608,193

592,745

566,027

592,641

587,797

569,616

577,855

551,540

544,221

514,479

511,581

507,162

512,597

531,329

564,860

572,362

543,132

531,152

543,976

558,244

561,126

807,556

580,858

564,610

611,072

602,264

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

16.7

16.4

16.7

16.4

16,0

15,7

15.6

15.8

15.6

15.6

15.9

15.8

15.9

15.6

15,0

15.1

14.6

14,6

14.8

14.8

15.6

17.2

18.4

17.9

17.8

17.6

18.4

19.4

21.1

21.7

22.4

23.3

23.7

25.0

24.1

20.4

19.4

15.8

15.4

15.5

15.1

14.8

14.6

14.6

14.8

14.6

14,6

14.s

14.8

14.9

14.5

14.0

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.8

14.5

16.1

17.4

18.9

16.6

18.8

17.4

18.3

20.0

20.7

21.4

22.2

22.7

23.8

23.0

19.7

16.6

21.7

21,6

23.3

23.1

22.5

21.8

21.4

21.4

21.2

21.4

22.0

21.9

22.5

22.2

21.6

21.6

20.8

21.0

21.2

21.7

22.6

24.6

25.1

24,5

24.2

25.0

26.1

27.6

29.2

29.7

30.5

31.6

32.1

34.5

33.3

26.5

26.7

22.4

22.3

23.8

23.5

22.6

21.9

21.5

21.3

21.0

21.0

21.5

21.7

22.1

22.0

21.3

21.4

20.5

20.7

20.8

21.4

22.5

24.4

25.3

24.4

24.2

25.1

26.2

27.7

28.5

. . .

. . .

..-

31.9

..-

-..

-..

. . .

70.9

69.2

70.9

69.2

67.3

65.8

65.4

66.3

65.5

65.7

67.3

67.3

68.4

67.2

65.5

66.8

65.0

66.0

67.8

88.8

73.1

81.6

87.9

86.1

65.2

67.2

k:

104.7

108.3

112.0

117.1

118.0

118.3

106.2

85.9

79.9

66.3

86.4

66.9

65.1

63.4

62.3

62.1

63.1

62.3

62.5

83.9

63.9

64.7

63.4

61.7

83.2

61.5

82.5

64.2

64.9

68.9

77.3

M

81.3

82.6

86.2

91.3

S8.8

103.6

107.5

112.3

113.2

113.7

102.3

83.4

77.1

63,2

82.7

89.4

68.6

85.9

83,1

61.9

82.3

61.a

62.7

85.3

85,7

88.6

86.5

67,0

87.7

85,8

87.7

89.8

93.4

99.6

108.1

113.0

111.6

111,9

117.1

123.5

131.9

140.0

143.7

147.8

153.0

153.6

154.3

137.3

108.0

102.4

66.6

86.2

91.9

90.6

87.0

64,1

82.6

62.4

81.5

62.0

84.3

85.3

88.1

88.3

86.7

8a.1

85,8

87.9

89.7

93.6

88.9

108.7

115.4

112.1

112.7

118.5

124.7

133.2

142.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

153.5

. . .

.-.

. . .

. . .

faeeedonlwpercent ofblrrhslnselacted Steteeendona50.perce ntsempleofbirths irrallotherStetee ;seeTechnicalnofes.

2BaSSd on a m-percent sample of Mhe.

38aaedona20.tO 50-percentsample ofbkths.

4Flgures by race exclude data for NW Jersey.

NOTE Ratesfor 1981-89 hava been revised; see Technical notes.
Table 2. Live births by age of mother and live-birth order, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1996

[Lwe-birtfr order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Under

Afl 15 15 16 17 16 19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39

Live-bfith order and race

4044 45-49

ages years Total years years years years years years years years years yeers years

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fowthchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofnwther

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchiid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fiihchiid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SMfrchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firetchi!d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thkdchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth chikl . .

Sitictiti.:::::::::::::: :::::::

%venthchikt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildarxlover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

1,669,116

1,330,852

678,709

261,277

97,196

39,342

17,453

i 7,708

26,557

3,290,273

1,361,078

1,075,049

529,727

191,827

66,430

25,498

10,873

10,963

18,828

867,939

328,040

255,803

148,982

69,450

30,766

13,844

6,580

6,745

7,729

684,336

253,013

199,818

121,814

57,647

25,052

10,780

4,896

4,584

6,749

11,657

11,132

435

14

4

—

—

72

4,974

4,760

174

7

4

29

6,663

8,372

261

7

43

6,336

8,049

242

6

41

521,826

390,768

103,062

21,293

3,562

491

63

12

6

2,569

354,482

278,206

62,936

10,336

1,310

171

19

3

3

1,498

167,344

112,562

40,126

10,957

2,252

320

44

9

3

1,071

151,613

101,085

36,893

10,205

2,091

286

37

9

3

1,014

27,703

25,580

1,689

93

5

2

1

133

14,802

13,962

746

25

3

68

12,6Q1

11,618

1,143

88

2

2

1

67

12,023

10,815

1,078

61

2

2

1

64

57,901

50,565

6,344

661

41

7

3

280

35,446

32,224

2,833

224

12

2

3

148

22,455

18,341

3%511

437

29

5

132

20,734

16,872

3,26$

414

26

5

128

97,723

78,972

15,781

2,224

226

15

2

1

502

64,688

55,097

8,356

877

54

5

1

298

33,037

23,875

7,425

1,347

172

10

1

1

206

30,124

21,604

6,902

1,256

165

10

1

1

184

144,969

106,647

30,647

5,975

864

100

17

4

2

713

100,461

78,319

18,648

2,769

296

34

4

1

1

407

44,486

28,326

11,999

3,206

66

13

3

1

308

40,171

25,164

11,070

3,009

528

86

10

3

A

193,530

129,004

48,401

12,340

2,426

367

40

7

4

941

139,067

98,604

32,353

6,441

943

130

11

2

2

581

54,483

30,400

18,048

5,899

1,483

237

29

5

2

360

48,561

26,580

14,555

5,485

1,379

213

25

5

2

337

1,093,730

515,455

360,921

148,625

45,958

12,513

3,209

790

328

5,931

837,572

418,381

279,181

102,171

26,401

5,833

1,252

258

142

3,953

256,158

97,074

81,740

46,454

19,557

6,680

1,957

532

186

1,978

217,274

78,570

70,207

41,083

17,417

5,900

1,701

449

148

1,799

1,277,108

465,458

446,156

228,572

84,001

28,819

10,120

3,747

2,039

8,196

1,051,760

397,591

375,821

183,243

61,819

18,895

5,718

1,854

869

5,950

225,348

67,867

70,335

45,329

22,162

9,924

4,402

1,693

1,170

2,246

168,217

43,103

53,s35

37,313

18,435

8,190

3,494

1,510

1,E

230,612

311,835

188,559

82,498

32,535

14,051

6,235

5,273

6,865

739,209

197,469

265,354

164,802

65,857

24,028

3;938

3,032

5,049

146,854

33,143

48,281

31,757

16,S41

8,507

4,371

2,297

2,241

1,616

83,514

18,498

26,400

23,891

13,203

6,726

3,343

1,716

1,614

1,323

317,583

66,541

96,875

73,514

38,364

18,674

9,322

5,024

6,615

2,834

261,787

56,860

81,814

60,910

30,927

14,280

6,872

3,614

4,423

1,987

55,798

9,581

15,061

12,604

7,457

4,394

2,450

1,410

2,192

847

35,592

5,014

8,636

8,372

5,659

3,292

1,796

1,:%

637

48,807

8,933

11,544

9,900

6,66t

4,009

2,461

1,530

3,110

459

39,309

7,538

9,594

8,082

5,341

3,112

1,873

1,127

2,303

339

9,298

1,395

1,950

1,818

1,320

897

588

403

807

120

5,561

683

1,063

1,114

904

622

398

251

428

98

1,838

219

224

232

209

155

116

115

337

31

1,180

173

175

176

168

111

84

79

191

23

46

49

58

41

44

32

36

148

8

207

31

22

30

28

28

11

:

7

5.-
Ram of child

Whte..

.......................

Firetchild.......................

%ccmdchild.....................

Thirdchild......................

Fourthchtld.....................

Fiihchild.......................

Siichild......................

Seventhchild....................

Eghthchildandover...............

Notetated......................

Another........................

Firstchild.......................

%condchild.....................

Thirdchild......................

Fourthchild.....................

Fiihchi!d.......................

Sixtfr child

......................

Seventhchild....................

Eghthchildandover...............

Notatated......................

Btackl.........................

Firatchild.......................

Secondchild.....................

‘tRdchild......................

Fourthchild.....................

Ffihchild.......................

Siichild......................

Seventhchild....................

Eghthchildandrwar...............

Notstated......................

3,225,343

1,332,845

1,055,427

519,484

187,763

64,803

24,968

10,658

10,787

18,398

932,889

356,173

275,425

159,215

73,514

32,293

14,374

8,795

6,821

8,159

724,576

270,523

211,552

128,178

60,266

26,085

11,148

5,043

4,662

7,099

4,855

4,648

16874————

28

6,802

6.464

2677

44

6,426

6,130

2486

42

343,920

270,139

60,823

9,s80

1,254

169

1933

1,450

177,908

120,628

42,139

11,333

2,308

322

4493

1,119

158,974

108,678

38,289

10,462

2,1 2s

296

37:

1,054

14,345

13,527

725

253

65

13,358

12,053

1,164

68221—

66

12,347

11,127

1,009

61221&

34,426

31,282

2,755

217

1223

145

23,475

19,273

3,589

444

295

135

21,451

17,528

3,341

418

265

133

62,846

53,568

8,086

845

4651——

285

34,877

25,406

7,665

1,379

178

10i1

217

31,398

22,683

7,077

1,281

161

1011

204

97,503

76,059

18,056

2,677

283

34411

388

47,466

30,588

12,591

3,298

581

66

1331

325

42,268

26,778

11,495

3,075

537

68

1031

303

134,800

95,695

31,291

6,196

908

128

1122

567

58,730

33,309

17,110

6,144

1,518

239

295

37:

51,510

28,582

15,287

5,647

1,400

213

255

34:

817,789

408,038

272,625

99,422

25,S36

5,652

1,211

249

138

3,818

275,941

106,417

88,296

49,203

20,322

6,861

1,998

541

190

2,113

230,494

84,743

74,488

42,982

17,993

6,032

1,735

456

149

1,916

1,034,573

391,585

370,212

179,848

80,474

18,375

5,584

1,813

839

5,843

242,535

73,873

75,944

48,724

23,527

10,444

4,536

1,934

1,200

2,353

178,140

46,332

56,550

39,328

19,268

6,561

3,583

1,540

933

2,025

727,416

194,141

261,599

162,267

64,807

23,524

9,492

3,854

2,976

4,956

158,647

36,471

50,036

34,292

17,891

9,011

4,559

2,361

2,287

1,709

106,156

20,262

31,387

25,189

13,957

7,070

3,476

1,773

1,657

1,335

257,113

55,864

80,358

59,901

30,372

14,012

6,737

3,556

4,367

1,946

60,470

10,677

16,517

13,613

8,012

4,662

2,565

1,468

2,248

688

38,145

5,567

9,377

6,944

5,914

3,442

1,891

986

1,457

587

38,525

7,362

9,370

7,918

5,254

3,065

1,842

1,104

2,276

334

10,082

1,571

2,174

1,982

1,407

944

619

426

834

125

6,019

780

1,187

1,215

957

656

414

265

442

103

1,152

163

172

171

162

106

83

79

188

23

486

51

52

61

47

49

33

36

1498

222

31

26

32

31

28

12

14

417
Tabla 3. Birth ratea by age of mother and Hve-birth order, by race of mother and of child: United States, 1990

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of mother

1%19 years

15-44 10-14 15-17 78-19 2C-24 25-29 30-34

Live-birth order and raoa

35-39 40-44 45+9

years 1 years Total years years years years yeara years years years

All races...............,,.. . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child.....,......,.. . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchikf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FHthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixlhandseventhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth childand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FirstchNd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild ...,,.......,.. . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slxthandseventhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elghthchild Andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth andseventhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchirdandover .,..... . . . . . . . .

BlackZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firetchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sk?oondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flfthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthandseventhchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thlrdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slxthandseventhchlld, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchitdandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondmhlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sikthandaeventh child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth childandover, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BlackZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ffihchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SIxthandseventhchild ..,,.... . . . . . .

Eighthchildand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.9

29.0

22.8

11.7

4.5

1.7

1.0

0.3

68.3

28.4

22.4

11.1

4.0

1.4

0.8

0.2

83.2

31.7

24.7

14.4

6.7

3.0

2.0

0.7

66.8

32.4

25.6

15.6

7.4

3.2

2.0

0.6

66.9

27.6

22.0

10.6

3.9

1.4

0.7

0.2

89.4

34.4

26.6

15.4

7.1

3.1

2.1

0.7

91.9

34.6

27.1

16.4

7.7

3.3

2.1

0.6

1.4

1.3

0.1

*

*

●

●

●

0.7

0.7

0.0

*

*

*

●

*

4.0

3.8

0.2

*

●

*

●

*

4.9

4,7

0.2

*

*

●

●

*

0.7

0.7

0.0

*

*

*

*

●

4.1

3.9

0.2

*

*

*

*

*

4.9

4,7

0.2

*

*

●

*

*

59.9

45.1

11.9

2.5

0.4

0.1

0.0

●

50.6

40.1

9.1

1.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

*

96,3

65.2

23.2

6.3

1.3

0.2

0.0

*

112.8

75.7

27.6

7.6

1.6

0.2

0.0

*

49.3

36.9

8.8

1.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

*

102.4

69.9

24.4

6.6

1.3

0.2

0.0

●

11s.3

79.9

28.7

7.9

1.6

0.2

0.0

●

37.5

31.9

4.9

0.6

0.1

0.0

*

*

29.5

26.1

3.1

0.3

0.0

*

*

*

69.1

54.7

12.3

1.9

0.2

●

*

*

82.3

64.9

14.8

2.3

0.2

*

*

*

28.6

25.3

3.0

0.3

0.0

*

*

*

72.4

57.6

12.6

1.9

0.2

*

*

*

85.4

67.6

15.2

2.3

0.2

●

●

●

68.6

62.0

20.8

4.8

z

0.0

*

78.0

57.8

16.7

3.0

0.4

0,1

*

*

132.4

79.1

37.8

12.3

2.8

0.4

0.1

*

152.9

89.9

44.5

14.7

3.3

0.5

0.1

*

75.6

56.1

16.1

2.9

0.4

0.1

●

*

142.1

86.1

40.0

12.7

2.8

0.4

0.1

●

161.6

96.1

46.5

15.1

3.4

0.5

0.1

*

116.5

55.2

38.6

15.9

4.9

1.3

0.4

0.0

109.6

55!1

36.8

13.5

3.5

0.8

0.2

0.0

145.4

55.5

46.6

26.6

11.2

3.8

1.4

0.1

160.2

56.4

52.2

30.6

13.0

4.4

1.6

0.1

107.2

53.9

35.9

13.1

3.4

0.7

0.2

0.0

156.7

60.9

50.5

28.2

11.6

3.9

1.5

0.1

170.0

63.0

55.4

32.0

13.4

4.5

1.6

0.1

120.2

44.1

42.3

21.7

8.0

2.7

1.3

0.2

120.7

45.9

43.4

21.2

7.1

2,2

0.9

0.1

117.7

35.8

37.1

23.9

11.7

5.2

3.3

0.6

115.5

29.9

37.0

25.9

12.8

5.7

3.5

0.6

118.6

45.2

42.7

20.8

7.0

2.1

0.9

0.1

126.7

39.0

40.1

25,7

12.4

5.5

3.4

0.6

122.3

32.2

39.3

27.3

13.4

5.9

3.6

0.6

80.8

21.2

28.6

16.1

7.6

3.0

1.9

0.5

81.7

22.0

29.5

16.3

7.3

2.7

z

76.3

17.4

24.3

16.7

8.7

4.5

3.5

1.2

6S.7

12.9

20.6

16.6

9.2

4.7

3.5

1.1

80.4

21.6

29.1

16.1

7,2

2.6

1.5

0.3

82.4

19.1

28.3

18.0

9.4

4.7

3.6

1.2

73.3

14.2

22.0

17.6

9.6

4.9

3.7

1.2

31.7

6.7

9.8

7.4

3.9

1.9

1.4

0.7

31.5

6.9

9.9

7.4

3.6

1.7

1.3

0.5

32.8

5.7

8.9

7.5

4.4

2.6

2.3

1.3

28.1

4.0

6.9

6.7

4.5

2.6

2.2

1.1

30.9

6.8

9.7

7.3

3.7

1.7

1.2

0.5

35.5

6.3

9.6

6.1

4.8

2.8

2.4

1.3

30.2

4.5

7.5

7.2

4,7

2.8

2,3

1.2

5.5

1.0

1.3

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.4

5.2

1.0

1.3

::;

0.4

0’.4

0.3

6.7

1.0

1.4

1.3

::;

0.7

CL6

5.5

0.7

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.4

5.1

“1.0

‘1.3

“i.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

‘7.3

1.1

1.6

1.4

E

0.s

0.8

5.9

0.8

1.2

1.2

1.0

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

;:

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.0

::

0.0

0.1

0,1

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0,2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0,0

0.5

:;

0.1

0.0

0.0

0. t

0,1

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

1RMes camputedby relatingIotelbirths,regardlessof agoof mother,to womenaged 15-44 years.

21”~,@e~ in All ~~her,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 21

Table 4. Total fertility ratea and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-90

~otal fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. 13irthrates are live births per 1,000 women in specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970, 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Total

ferLi/ity 10-14 15-17 18–19 2C-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4044 45-49

Year and race rate years Total years years years years years years years yeara

All races

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . ...<..

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . ...<...

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of mother:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

19s0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19611 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See foctnotssat end oftable.

2,081.0

2,014.0

1,934.0

1,872.0

1,s37.5

1,644.0

1,806.5

1,799.0

1,S27.5

1,812.0

1,839.5

1,80S.0

1,760.0

1,7s9.5

1,73s.0

1,774.0

1,835.0

1,879.0

2,010.0

2,266.5

2,460.0

2,003.0

1,931.0

1,963.0

1,894.5

1,S22.5

1,774.5

1,747.5

1,759.0

1,722.5

1,716.0

1,741.5

1,726.0

1,74s.5

1,715.5

1,667.5

1,703,0

1,652,0

1,6s6.0

1,746.5

1,7s3.0

1,906.5

2,160.5

2,365.0

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

;::

1.2

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

::

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

U

0.6

0.6

u

0.5

0.5

59.9

57.3

53.0

50.6

50.2

51.0

50.6

51.4

52.4

52.2

53.0

52.3

51.5

52.S

52.S

55.6

57.5

59.3

61.7

64.5

68.3

50.s

47.9

49.3

46.6

43.2

41.5

41,5

42,5

42.2

43.3

44.3

44.3

44.7

43.7

42.9

44.1

44.1

46.4

47.9

49<0

51.0

53.6

57.4

37.5

36.4

33.6

31.7

30.5

31.0

31.0

31 .s

32.3

32.0

32.5

32.3

32.2

33.9

34.1

36.1

37.3

3s.5

39.0

38.2

38.8

29.5

2s.1

28.6

27.4

25.3

24.0

23.3

24.0

23.9

24.7

25.1

25.1

25.2

24.7

24.9

26.1

26.3

26.0

26.7

29.2

29.3

28,5

29.2

S8.6

S4.2

79.9

78.5

79.6

79.6

77.4

77.4

79.4

So.o

62.1

81.3

79.8

SO.9

80.5

85.0

8S.7

91.2

96.9

105.3

114.7

78.0

72.9

75.6

70.9

67.S

67.3

68.7

69,2

67.3

67.7

69.7

70.4

72.1

71.0

69.4

70.5

70.2

74.0

77.3

79.3

84.3

92.3

101.5

116.5

113.s

110.2

107.9

107.4

106.3

106.6

107.s

111.6

112.2

115.1

112.6

109.9

112.9

110.3

113.0

i 17.7

119.7

130.2

150.1

167.8

109.8

106.9

107.2

104.6

101.6

100.4

101.0

102.4

101.1

102.2

106.0

106.7

109.5

107.0

104,1

107.7

105.3

10s.2

113.0

114.4

124.S

144.9

163.4

120.2

117.6

114.4

111.6

109.s

111.0

108.7

108.5

111.0

111.5

112.9

111.4

10s.5

111.0

106.2

108.2

111.5

112.2

117.7

134.1

145.1

120.7

117.8

118.6

115.9

113.0

110.7

109.2

110.7

108.3

108.0

110.4

111.0

112.4

110.s

107.9

110.9

105.9

108.1

111.s

112.3

117.4

134.0

145.9

So.s

77.4

74.s

72.1

70.1

69.1

67.0

64.9

64.1

61.4

61.9

60.3

57.8

56.4

53.6

52.3

53.8

55.6

59.8

67.3

73.3

81.7

7s.1

60.4

76.9

74.3

71.9

69.8

68.9

66.8

64.4

63.2

60.3

60.4

59.0

56.6

55.3

52.6

51.3

52.9

54.4

58.4

65.4

71.9

31.7

29.9

28.1

26.3

24.4

24.0

22.9

22.0

21.2

20.0

19.8

19.5

19.0

19.2

19.0

19.5

20.2

22.1

24.6

28.7

31.7

31.5

29.7

30.9

29.2

27.2

25.5

23.5

22.9

21 .s

21.0

20.1

16.S

18,5

18.3

17.7

1S.o

17.8

1S.2

18.9

20.7

23.3

26.9

30.0

5.5

5.2

4.6

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.s

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.6

4.s

5.4

6.2

7.1

8.1

5.2

4.9

5.1

4.6

4.4

:$

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.s

3.9

4.2

4.4

4.9

5.6

6.4

7.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

E

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0,3

K
22 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-90-Con.

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth ratea are live births per 1,000 women in specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970, 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of .July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15-19 yearn

Total

fertlliiy 10-14 15–77 18-19 20–24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 4549

Year and race rate years Total years years years years years years years yeare

All other

Race of mothec

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990. . ! . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986

1985

1984

1983

1962

1981

. . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

... ,.. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black 3

Race of mother:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985. . .,, ,, . . . . . . . .

19841 . .,, ,, . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801,. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19731 . . . . . ...>.....

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,398.0

2,360.5

2,578.0

2,527.5

2,421.0

2,314.0

2,253.5

2.241.5

2,208.5

.2,211.0

2,262.5

2,256.5

2,323.0

2,309.5

2,284.5

2,278.5

2,222.5

2,276.0

2,338.5

2,443.0

2,627.5

2,919.5

3,066.7

2,480.0

2,432.5

2,626.0

2,564.0

2,417.5

2,306.5

2,237.5

2,206.0

2,161.0

2,153.0

2,196.0

2,205.5

2,266.0

2,263.2

2,218.0

2,251.0

2,167.0

2,243>0

2,298.5

2,411.0

2,601.0

2,902.0

3,098.7

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.9

4.1

4.0

4,3

4.3

4,7

4.6

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.9

5. i

4.9

5.2

4.9

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.4

4,1

4.1

4,1

4.3

4,6

4.4

4.7

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.2

96.3

95.9

102.4

101.2

94.0

89.8

88.7

88.9

88.3

88.9

90.5

90.6

94.9

96.5

96.0

99.5

99.9

106.4

111.3

117.5

123.8

128.5

133.4

112.8

111.5

118.3

118.2

106.9

101.1

96.6

97,9

96.1

95.6

96.4

96.5

100.0

101.7

100.9

104.7

104.9

111,8

116.5

123.1

129.6

134.5

140,7

69.1

69.2

72.4

72.1

67.5

64.7

62.6

62.8

63.2

64.1

64.9

64.7

66.3

70.5

70.4

74.8

75,5

60.5

84.9

90.5

93.8

94.0

95.2

82.3

81.9

65.4

84.4

76.1

74.2

71.1

70.7

70.4

70,6

70.8

70.4

73.6

75.7

75.0

79.6

80.3

85.6

90.0

96.0

99.5

99.4

101,4

132.4

132.5

142.1

141.2

133.1

127.5

128.0

126.3

123,1

122,7

128,4

128,0

133.2

134.9

134.4

136.8

137.2

146.1

153.1

160.9

173.3

185.6

195.4

152.9

151,9

161,6

159.4

149.4

141,4

140.0

138,4

131.3

130.2

132.4

134,4

136.6

140.4

139.7

142.9

142.6

152,4

158>7

166!6

179.5

192.6

204.9

145.4

143,6

156.7

153.8

148.3

142.1

137.9

136.8

135.2

136.3

140.8

140.6

145.0

144.3

142.1

142.3

136.9

141.0

145.5

151.6

163.4

184.0

196,6

160.2

156.8

170.0

165.2

167.1

149.2

143.5

140.7

137.6

137.5

141.3

142.5

146.3

146.3

143.8

144.4

140.5

142.8

146.7

153.1

165.0

186.6

202.7

117.7

116,8

126.7

125.4

120.8

118.1

112.9

112.6

111.0

111.2

114.4

114.2

115.5

114.6

111.9

111.5

107.6

106.7

109.5

111.2

119.3

134.6

140.1

115.5

114.4

122.3

120.9

114.4

110.2

106.6

105.9

103.8

103,7

108.9

107.6

109,1

108.2

105,4

108,4

101.6

102.2

102.2

103.9

112.4

128.0

136.3

76.3

73.7

62.4

79.6

77.2

73.3

71.1

70.0

66.3

67.6

68.6

66.0

70.8

68.3

65.2

63.4

59.5

56.8

59.9

63.2

88.9

79.3

82.5

66.7

66.3

73.3

70.6

67.1

64,4

63.0

61.4

60,0

59.3

60.5

60.3

62.9

60.7

56.3

57+5

53.6

53.1

54.1

58,1

64.0

74.8

79.6

32.6

31.1

35.5

33.7

32.6

30.8

29.7

30.0

28.8

28,2

28.1

27.5

27.9

27.3

26.9

27.3

26.9

27.6

28.8

30.9

34.8

40.2

42.2

28.1

26.7

30.2

28.6

27.3

26.2

25.4

25.5

24.6

24.6

24.6

24.2

24.5

24.7

24.3

25.4

24.8

26.6

27.0

29.4

33<4

36.9

41.9

6.7

6.6

7.3

7,1

6.8

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.9

::!

6.2

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.9

6.9

7<5

7.6

8.6

9.9

11.7

12.6

5,5

5.4

5.9

5,8

%

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.3

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.1

6,6

6,8

7.5

7.6

8.6

9.8

11.6

12.5

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0,6

0.7

0.9

0.9

0.3

0.3

0,3

0,3

;:;

0!3

0,3

0,3

0.3

u

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0,6

0,7

0.9

1.0

1Basedon 100 percentof birthsin selected 8tates and on a 50-percent sample of births in all other 8tates; see Tachnicsl notes.

2Based O“ a 50.parcent sample of bfrths.

31ncluded in All other.

NOTE: Rates for 1981 -S9 have been revised; see Technical notes.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~23

Table 5. Birth rates by live-birth order and race: United States, 1970 and 1980-90

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women aged 1544 years, enumerated as of April 1 for 1970, 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Figures for

live-birth order not stated are distributed]

Live-birth order

Year and race Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All races

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19621 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of mothe~

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Race of mother

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Black 3

Race of mothec

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . >........ . . .

19831. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19702 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.9

69.2

67.3

65.8

65.4

66.3

65.5

65.7

67.3

67.3

88.4

87.9

68.3

66.4

66.9

65.1

63.4

62.3

62.1

63.2

62.3

62.5

63.9

63.9

64.7

84.1

83.2

82.7

89.4

86.6

85.9

83.1

61.9

82.3

81.8

82.7

85.3

85.7

88.6

113.0

66.8

86.2

91.9

90.8

67.0

84.1

82.6

82.4

81.5

82.0

84.4

85.3

88.1

115.4

29.0

28.4

27.6

27.2

27.2

27.6

27.4

27.6

28.6

29.0

29.5

34.2

28.4

27.8

27.8

27.1

26.3

26.0

26.1

26.6

26.5

26,8

27.6

28.1

2&4

32.9

31.7

32.0

34.4

34.5

33.7

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.8

33.7

34.0

35.6

42.4

32.4

32.9

34.8

34.9

33.7

33.0

32.6

32.5

32.3

32.4

33.1

33.7

35.2

43.3

22.8

22.4

22.0

21.6

21.6

22.0

21.7

21.5

22.0

21.6

21.8

24.2

22.4

21.9

22.0

21.5

21.2

21.0

21.0

21.5

21.1

20.9

21.3

20.9

21.0

23.7

24.7

24.6

26.6

76.4

25.8

25.0

24.6

24.8

24.5

24.7

25.6

25.7

26.2

26.9

25.6

25.4

27.1

26.6

25.9

25.0

24.6

24.5

24.1

24.2

25.0

25.2

25.7

27.1

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.5

10.3

10.4

10.1

10.1

10.2

10.1

10.3

13.6

11.1

10.7

10.8

10.5

10.2

9.8

9.7

9.7

9.4

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.5

13.3

14.4

14.2

15.4

15.1

14.5

14.0

13.6

13.7

13.6

13.7

14.2

14.?

14.4

15.9

15.6

15,3

16.4

16.0

15.1

14.5

14.1

14.0

13.8

13.8

14.3

14.3

14.5

16.1

4.5

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

7.2

4.0

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

6.8

6.7

6.5

7.1

6.9

6.6

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.4

6.4

6.5

9.7

7.4

7.1

7.7

7.4

6.9

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.6

6.7

10.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

3.8

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

3.4

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.9

6.1

3.2

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

6.4

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

:::

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

U

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.8

2.7

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.6

I.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

6.7

2.0

1.9

2.1

2,0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

7.0

0.3

0.3

E

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

1.8

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

042

0,3

0.3

0.3

1.2

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

5.3

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

E

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

:;

5.6

lBasedon 100percent of blflhsin seletiti States andona%.perwnt sample of Mtihsin another S@teqsee Tschnlcal notes.

2Based on a 50-percent sample of births,

sl”~l”ded in All other.

NOTE Rates for 19s1-89 have baen revised; see Technical notes.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 6. Live births by race of mother and of child, birth rates, and fertlllty rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States,

each division and State, 1990

[By place of residence. Birth rates per 1,000 enumerated population in each area: fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years enumerated in each area]

Number Ferf///ty rate

Race of mother Race of child Race of mother

All Birth All

Division and State races 1

Hispanic

White Black Wh/te Black rate races 1 White Black origjnz

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire......,,.,

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maeaachusetts . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, . . . . . . . . . . .

Eaat Norfh Central . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West North Central. . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notth Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . .

NebraeK . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dktfict Of Columbia. . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WastVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notth Carolina . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral, , . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miasiseippi .,,......,,..

WestSouthCentral . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho;, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Callfornla, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

201,173

17,359

17,569

8,273

92,654

15,195

50,123

591,826

297,576

122,269

171,961

675,512

166,913

66,214

195,790

153,700

72,895

270,331

68,013

39,409

79,260

9,250

10,999

24,360

39,020

700,285

11,113

80,245

11,650

99,352

22,585

104,525

56,610

112,666

199,339

236,374

54,362

74,962

63,487

43,563

472,721

36,457

72,192

47,649

316,423

242,829

11,613

16,433

6,985

53,525

27,402

68,995

36,277

21,599

767,161

79,251

42,691

612,628

11,902

20,489

3,290,273

178,444

17,019

17,278

8,203

79,947

13,374

42,623

458,569

220,726

94,352

143,511

544,621

139,183

75,777

147,241

119,106

63,312

236,954

61,968

37,692

64,635

6,347

9,172

22,391

34,749

483,665

8,360

52,434

1,627

72,304

21,594

71,154

35,614

70,571

150,007

168,864

48,857

56,610

41,100

22,297

372,705

27,502

41,251

37,800

286,152

216,405

10,030

15,952

6,578

49,012

22,803

59,206

34,445

18,579

627,826

70,666

39,903

502,976

8,085

6,196

684,336

16,765

1%

21

9,013

1,158

6,364

111,956

63,315

23,097

25,544

117,879

25,955

9,473

43,320

31,957

7,174

22,068

2,579

1,048

13,569

80

69

1,379

3,342

201,386

2,583

24,673

9,083

23,677

663

30,766

22,420

40,505

46,416

65,312

5,098

17,595

21,667

20,752

86,664

8,505

29,720

5,100

43,359

8,265

37

43

67

2,867

537

2,567

220

1,907

54,023

2,908

919

48,967

535

674

3,225,343

175,316

16,663

17,120

8,166

78,275

13,105

41,767

450,136

216,808

92,610

140,718

536,696

137,060

74,640

144,769

117,515

62,692

235,439

61,015

37,356

63,750

8,216

8,964

22,094

34,044

476,146

6,248

50,963

1,736

71,146

21,473

69,634

35,226

69,655

147,663

167,494

46,511

56,999

40,834

22,150

366,069

27,151

40,730

35,628

262,560

212,366

9,675

15,759

6,474

48,131

22,150

56,134

33,941

18,102

605,681

66,237

36,887

486,252

7,619

4,686

724,576

16,985

163

184

38

10,248

1,341

7,011

118,737

66,340

24,504

27,693

123,546

27,678

10,294

45,164

32,900

7,510

24,138

3,103

1,277

14,115

119

135

1,552

3,837

207,214

2,674

26,016

9,150

24,744

964

31,651

22,699

41,260

46,054

66,330

5,371

18,045

22,046

20,868

90,159

8,684

30,015

5,540

45,920

10,169

75

92

107

3,398

779

3,174

386

2,158

65,298

4,146

1,261

58,215

716

960

16,7

15.2

14.1

15.6

14.7

15.4

15.1

15.2

15,7

16.5

15.6

14.5

16.1

15.4

15.6

17.1

16.5

14.9

15,3

15.5

14.2

15.5

14.5

15.8

15.4

15.7

16.1

16.7

16.8

19.5

16.1

12.6

15.8

16.8

17.4

15.4

15.8

14.8

15.4

15.7

16.9

17.7

15,5

17.1

15.1

18.6

17.8

14,5

16.3

15,4

16.2

18,1

18.8

21.1

16.0

19.6

16,3

16,1

20.6

21,6

18.5

70.9

62.6

60.5

64.1

60.5

62.4

63.6

64.2

67.1

69.1

67.0

63.9

66.6

65.9

66.5

73.0

69.4

64.7

67.6

66.3

64.8

68.0

66.1

73,8

69.1

70,3

66.0

68.9

67,2

71.7

64.7

56.1

65.5

69.7

69.7

71,5

66.3

62.6

64.6

67.3

72.9

74.7

70.1

72.1

67.5

77.2

76.4

65.9

74,2

87.4

65.9

77.7

62.3

92.0

77,6

81.6

66.7

86.1

85.3

66.3

79.2

68.3

60.6

60.3

64.3

60.8

59.2

60.3

62,0

64.5

67.4

64,6

60.5

64.8

63.0

64,6

68,3

65.1

61,0

65.1

63.6

64.1

64.1

63.4

67.4

67.6

68.8

62.8

65.3

64.2

31.6

61.3

55.8

60.5

63.3

63.2

65.7

60.9

61.8

60.2

60.9

61.5

72.8

65.2

62.7

65.2

77.1

74.7

61.5

74.4

66.0

65.1

73.7

79.7

91.6

77.0

82.9

68.3

65.6

87.7

76.0

66.0

86.8

93.7

68.6

62.1

45.1

101.8

105.5

63.7

81.7

77,9

81.8

92.8

94,3

89.0

66.2

98.2

93.5

110.3

97.8

109.9

91.3

96.8

99!0

111.5

95.9

96.6

65,4

86.1

74.3

87.7

78.9

67.2

80.4

83.4

86,6

103.2

86.2

77.4

86.1

84.7

90.5

86.0

93.7

90.6

86.2

81.5

89.2

81.5

62.2

81.0

85.5

75.4

94.3

93.5

94.5

84.2

80.3

85.4

84.1

94.3

104.4

107.7

103.5

72.6

. . .

29.4

108,4

127.0

93.8

90.7

91.1

87.4

97.2

98.5

70.0

77,3

110.5

88.0

86.2

83.1

83.0

82.0

64.3

107.2

92.5

93.7

90.8

76.6

83.9

74.3

94.4

79.5

36.7

99.3

74.2

86.8

74.4

50.6

52.3

54.2

57.2

30,4

107.0

89,5

41.6

. . .

108,5

101.7

103.1

124.9

64.8

89,2

87.6

118.7

102.4

111,1

127,8

113.3

119.5

128.4

74.7

124.3

1[ncludes races other than white and black.

2 Persons of Hispanic orlgln may be of any rece.

NOTE Data by Hispanic origin not available for New Hampahlre and Oklshoma, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother cm the birth CettlflCatO.
Table 7. Live births by sex and sex ratio, by race: United States, 1980-90

Aft other

All races White Total Black

Males Males Males Males

Year

per 1,000 per 1,000 per 1,000

Male Female females Male Female timales

per 1,000

Male Female females MaIe Female females

Race of mother

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2.129.4S5 2,028,717

1989. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,069,490 1,971,466

Race of child

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19621 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19611 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19601, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,129,495 2,028,717

2,069,4S0 1,971,466

2,002,424 1,907,088

1,951,153 1,858,241

1,924,868 1,831,679

1,927,983 1,832,578

1,879,490 1,789,651

1,865,553 1,773,360

1,885,676 1,794,861

1,860,272 1,768,966

1,852,616 1,759,642

1,060

1,050

1,050

1,060

1,050

1,050

1,051

1,052

1,050

1,052

1,051

1,052

1,053

1,688,088 1,602,185

1,637,594 1,554,761

1,654,928 1,570,415

1,606,757 1,526,234

1,562,675 l,4a3,4a7

1,535,517 1,456,971

1,523,914 1,446,525

1,536,646 1,454,727

1,500,326 1,423,176

1,492,365 1,411,865

1,509,704 1,432,350

1,494,437 1,414,232

1,490,140 1,408,592

1,054

1,053

1,054

1,053

1,053

1,054

1,053

1,056

1,054

1,057

1,054

1,057

1,058

441,407 426,532

481,896 416,707

474,567 458,302

462,733 446,234

439,749 423,599

415,836 401,270

400,954 385,154

391,337 377,851

379,164 366,475

373,168 361,515

375,972 362,511

365,S35 354,734

362,476 351,050

1,035

1,036

1,035

1,037

1,036

1,036

1,041

1,036

1,031

1,032

1,037

1,031

1,033

347,082 337,254

341,716 331,406

367,455 357,121

360,131 349,264

341,441 330,535

325,259 316,306

315,786 305,433

306,575 299,618

300,951 291,794

297,011 289,016

301,121 291,620

287,664 289,933

299,033 290,583

1,029

1,031

1,029

1,031

1,033

1,028

1,034

1,030

1,031

1,026

1,033

1,027

1,029

1Based on 100 percent of births in selected States and m a 50-percent sample of births In all other Ststex see Technical notes.

Table 8. Live births by race of mother and observed and seasonally adjusted birth and fertiiity rates, by month: United States, 1990

[Rates on an annual basis per 1,000 population for specified month. Birth rates based on the total population. Fertility rates based on women aged 15-44 years]

Number Obeewed Seasonally 8dJustedl

All other

All Bkth Fertility

Month

Birth Fertility

races White Total Black rate rate rate rate

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

January. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,156,212

335,274

312,611

350,614

336,382

354,114

347,355

367,670

372,516

35S,682

353,166

333,146

336,682

3,290,273

262,570

246,446

279,037

269,387

263,725

276,746

290,394

294,115

263,142

279,14S

262,000

263,561

867,939

72,704

66,163

71,577

66,995

70,389

70,609

77,276

76,401

75,540

74,018

71,146

73,121

664,336

57,841

52,467

56,293

52,445

54,861

55,551

61,264

62,139

59,709

58,161

55,854

57,861

16.7

15.9

16.4

16.6

16.5

16.6

17.0

17.4

17.6

17.5

16.6

16.2

15.8

70.9

67.4

69.6

70.4

69.6

71.1

72.0

73.7

74.7

74.2

70.7

68.9

67.3

. . .

16.7

16.8

16.9

16.9

16.9

16.6

16.7

16.6

16.3

16.7

16.7

16.5

. . .

70.9

71.1

71.5

71.6

71.7

70.6

70.6

70.4

88.4

71.0

71.0

70.3

Inemethodofsewnal edjustment,devebped bytheU.S. Bureau oftheCensus, isdesori bedlrrthaX.tl Variant oftheCansuaMathod llseaaOnalAdjUat’nantprwrem,Twhnksl PwerNo.

15(1 S67ravlslon),
26~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 2!5, 1993 ~

Table 9. Average number of live births and Index of occurrence, by day of week United States, 1990

Day of week Avarage number of births Index of occurrence 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,392 100,0

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,153

Monday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80.3

11,502

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101.7

12,382

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108.7

12,221

Thursday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.3

12,230

Friday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.4

12,375

Saturday. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108,6

9,799 86.0

1Index is the ratio of the average number of births on a given day of the week to the average dally numbar of births for the year, multiplied by 100.
~ MonthIy Vitai Statistics Repotio Vol. 41, No.9(S) *Februa~25, l993 ~27

Tabie 10. Live births by attendant, place of delivery, and race of mother and of chiid: United States, 1990

Attendant

Physlciarr Midwife

All Doctor Doofor of CetiXed Other

Place of delivery and race births Total of medicine osteopathy Total nurse midwife midwife Other Unspecified

All races i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inhospitalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notinhospitai . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . .

Clinic or dootor’s office. . . . . .

Resldenca . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhosplta12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notinhospitel . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . .

Cllnlcor doctor’soffica. . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhospita12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notln hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding blrlhing center . .

Cllnicor dootor’s office. . . . . .

Residence, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O!har . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspeclfiad . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inhospltalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notinhospltal . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . .

Cllnlcor doctor’s office. , . . . .

Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecifisd . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, .,, .,, , . . . . . . . . . .

In hospltalz . ., ., . . . . . . . . .

Notlnhospitsl, . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding bhthlngcenter .,

Clinlcor dootor’s office. ., , . .

Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspeclfled . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

4,109,634

46,946

14,759

1,128

27,678

3,381

1,832

3,290,273

3,249,275

39,608

13,914

948

22,418

2,328

1,390

684,336

678,510

5,605

576

89

4,113

827

221

3,225,343

3,185,106

38,857

13,680

926

21,966

2,285

1,360

724,576

718,395

5,954

680

94

4,334

846

227

3,946,270

3,933,539

13,722

5,962

686

5,825

1,247

1,009

3,134,547

3,123,362

10,302

5,484

566

3,513

739

863

842,137

639,094

2,932

355

61

2,087

429

111

3,073,702

3,062,726

10,095

5,383

550

3,436

724

879

679,791

676,647

3,032

396

65

2,137

434

112

3,621,636

3,808,368

12,299

5,244

548

5,299

1,208

971

3,028,656

3,018,782

9,027

4,825

436

3,052

714

847

622,290

2,810

300

59

2,031

420

109

2,970,114

2,980,438

8,832

4,731

420

2,981

700

844

661,380

658,396

2,904

339

63

2,077

426

110

126,632

125,171

1,423

718

140

526

z

105,891

104,580

1,275

659

130

461

25

38

16,928

16,804

122

55

2

56

9

2

103,588

102,290

1,283

652

130

457

24

35

16,417

18,281

126

57

2

9

2

1S3,049

141,953

20,996

8,554

276

11,441

725

100

122,638

102,416

20,129

8,204

254

10,970

701

93

30,439

29,972

460

207

9

227

17

7

119,261

99,389

19,761

8,075

250

10,784

692

91

32,543

31,926

609

268

317

21

6

148,728

139,229

9,421

5,711

3,4%!

182

78

102,346

100,390

8,884

5,411

87

3,221

165

72

29,745

29,398

341

185

9

132

16

6

108,161

97,419

6,691

5,303

3,1ti

158

71

31,751

31,314

431

237

9

167

18

6

14,321

2,724

11,575

2,843

177

8,012

543

22

13,292

2,026

11,245

2,793

167

7,749

536

21

694

.574

119

22

95

2

1

13,080

1,970

11,060

2,772

7,L%

534

20

792

612

176

31

0

144

3

2

30,709

19,400

11,274

182

127

9,661

1,304

35

22,184

13,597

8,567

168

102

7,476

821

20

7,155

5,124

2,017

12

8

1,639

358

14

21,753

13,346

8,367

188

102

7,317

802

20

7,423

5,303

2,106

14

1,71:

386

14

16,164

14,742

954

61

37

751

105

488

10,904

9,900

610

58

26

459

67

394

4,605

4,320

196

2

11

160

23

89

10,627

9,842

594

56

24

447

67

390

4,619

4,519

207

2

1%!

23

93

IlncludesracesotherthanMite end bleck.

Zlncludesbirthsoccurring en route to or on arrivald hospital.
28 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993

Table 11. Live blrtha by age of father and mother and race of father and of child: United States, 1990

Age of father

55

Under

15 15-19

yeers

20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+3 50-54 and Not

Age of mother and race Total years years ysara yeara years yeara yeara years years over stated

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

11,657

521,826

1,093,730

1,277,108

866,063

317,583

46,607

1,838

445 13,363 7,379 661,127

6,166

213,555

235,192

129,929

65,563

24,018

4,483

221

128,090 628,335 1,060,146

154

37,519

339,588

561,709

103,901

15,648

1,567

42

955,226 474,297

15

2,012

21,661

92,540

211,836

136,220

9,878

135

164,756

2

613

8,465

24,906

54,439

60,016

16.048

45,046

229

2,164

6,757

13,649

14,691

6,629

527

32

7,853

66,210

361,236

417,466

57,768

4,565

94

2

65

513

1,326

2,141

128

239

52

17

8

3

2,308

97,833

25,171

2,265

400

101

10

2

852

161,807

376,007

74,147

12,605

2,600

306

9

61

707

2,274

4,033

4,067

1,958

223

2,231

961

’265

Race of father

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-89yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94,097

1,222

71,547

19,211

1,710

316

80

7

2

28,138

981

21,805

4,828

450

59

12

3

507,168

609

126,891

306,564

60,391

10,239

2,193

254

7

97,612

190

28,240

56,214

10,875

1,776

261

35

1

905,660

112

30,008

264,069

466,057

88,608

13,211

1,380

35

111,429

28

5,494

41,577

51,929

10,580

1,674

144

3

818,185

24

6,223

69,696

325,129

363,833

49,378

3,630

70

398,292

11

1,564

16,767

75,505

179,284

116,761

6,260

100

44,562

2

311

3,303

10,523

78,734

10,771

902

16

134,685

2

463

4,949

19,865

44,163

49,837

15,193

193

35,205

162

1,645

5,147

10,662

11,718

5,432

399

6,598

35

411

1,224

2,101

2,015

768

44

9,767 5,000

5:

326

814

1,426

1,603

702

72

54,361

354

13,132

18,277

12,450

6,694

2,644

577

33

26,159

424

8,097

9,046

5,966

3,324

1,104

190

8

2,962,698

2,396

250,316

722,055

990,697

708,593

250,490

37,092

1,059

424,108

1,687

65,309

127,608

119,992

76,714

27,972

4,473

153

278

61

157

42

53

467

1,617

2,941

3,044

1,477

148

12

5

1

142 84,751

3

1,126

11,016

34,624

32,314

5,190

463

15

18,486

1,0%

3,475

6,474

5,782

1,533

32

2,525 1,726

1$

410

527

443

161

13

59

69

10

1

1

2

21

172

513

S24

698

274

23

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2E-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4549years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,569

162

1,592

4,997

10,500

11,512

5,384

402

6,663

4K

1,294

2,188

2,060

797

43

897,576

115

29,654

261,998

464,042

87,360

12,661

1,312

34

115,692

28

5,752

43,033

53,617

11,111

1,792

156

3

811,362 394,673 132,910 9,466

49

467

1,557

2,846

2,962

1,456

149

2,648

24

187

541

863

722

285

26

4,806

3R

772

1,364

1,540

683

75

1,616

1

In

444

551

452

167

14

343,324

2,827

107,532

119,617

65,220

32,648

12,490

2,581

109

312,732

5,106

99,308

106,986

59,570

30,068

10,121

1,509

62

3,225,343

4,655

343,920

817,789

1,034,573

727,416

257,113

36,525

1,152

724,576

6,426

156,974

230,494

178,140

106,156

36,145

8,019

222

276

59

157

42

12

5

1

93,622

1,212

71,262

19,080

1,670

309

80

7

2

29,513

1,024

22,621

5,090

493

66

16

3

502,737

806

126,475

303,933

59,330

9,996

2,141

249

7

24

6,193

69,100

322,787

361,035

48.454

10

1,572

16,567

2

485

4,860

74,729

177,818

115,730

8,125

102

46,219

2

325

3,454

10,939

19,345

11,171

964

19

19,457

43,533

49,342

15,030

201

19,220

98

1,134

3,662

6,691

5,999

1,603

33

3;698

71

148

61

70

10

2

1

2

101,702

198

29,336

58,465

11,449

1,903

311

39

i

88,005

4

1,180

11,532

35,929

33,369

5,479

496

16

1Includes races other than white end black, and blrlhs with race of father not slated.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 29

Table 12. Birth rates by age of father and race United States, 1980-90

[Rates are live births per 1,000 men in specified group, enumerated as of April 1 for 1980 and 1990 and estimated as of July 1 for all other yeare. Figures for age of father

not stated are distributed]

Age of father

15=54 15-19 2C-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

Year and race years 7

50-54

years2 years years

55 yeare

years years yeara years years and over

All races

18s0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of father:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Raceoffather:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black3

Race of fathec

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56.4

57.2

55.8

55.0

54.8

55.6

55.0

55.1

56.4

56.3

57.0

54.6

53.3

M

51.5

50.9

51.0

51.9

51.2

51.4

52.5

52.3

52.9

78.2

77.7

82.4

61.8

79.7

77.3

76.4

77.1

76.8

77.8

80.4

80.7

63.6

84.9

84.1

86.3

65.4

82.0

79,5

78.3

78.3

77.6

78.1

80.4

81.2

83.8

23.5

21.9

19.6

18.3

i 7.9

18.0

17.8

18.2

18.6

16.4

78.8

18.1

16.7

17.8

16.4

14.6

13.7

13.5

13.8

13.6

14.3

14.7

14.6

15.2

45.6

43.9

46.9

45.2

41.3

38.6

37.5

37.1

36.7

36.8

37.0

35.8

37.5

55.2

52.9

55.9

53.6

48.7

45.1

43.1

42.3

41.2

41.0

40.7

38.2

40.4

68.0

65.4

82.4

80.5

60.3

81.2

80.7

82.7

86.5

88.4

92.0

78.3

75.9

77.2

74.7

72.6

71.8

72.3

73.7

73.4

75.4

79.2

60.8

84.0

132.5

130.1

138.0

135.4

129.1

123.1

120.5

120.1

120.0

122.3

127.5

131.4

139.0

158.2

153,4

160.6

155.6

146.1

138.0

133.1

131.1

129.5

130.5

134.8

139.7

146.6

116.4

114.3

111.6

109.9

109.6

112.3

111.4

113.0

117,3

119.1

123.0

113.2

110.8

111.7

109.3

107.0

105.7

105.8

108.7

107.7

109.1

113.1

114.7

116.4

132.3

132.1

139.9

139.7

135.9

132.6

130.8

132.9

132.6

136.0

142.5

145,4

152.3

144.9

143.5

147.3

145.8

140.2

136.0

133.5

134,4

133.9

136.1

142.6

147.2

154.2

97.8

94.6

93.1

91.2

90.3

91.1

89.9

89.0

90.2

88.7

91,0

96.1

93.0

94.9

91.8

90.0

88.4

67.7

86.5

87.0

85.9

86.6

84.9

88.9

106.6

104.5

113.2

110.6

110.2

106.5

105.4

106.1

107.1

108.1

113.0

113.3

118.9

103.2

101.4

105,0

103,1

101.6

99.0

96.9

98.6

99.6

100.2

105.0

105.8

110.8

53.0

51.3

49.9

48.6

46.6

47.3

46.0

45.2

44.5

43.3

42.8

50.9

49.1

50.1

48.3

46.9

45.6

43.8

44.2

43.0

42.0

41.2

39.9

39.2

65.2

64.2

69.3

68.4

67.5

66.6

65.8

67.5

%’

68.2

67.7

68.6

60.4

59.9

61.5

60.9

59.0

59.1

59.0

M

60.5

62.1

62.1

62.8

21.0

20.4

19.9

19.0

18.3

18.1

17.8

17.4

17.5

17.0

17.1

19.2

18.7

18.9

18.3

17.7

17.0

18.3

16.0

15.7

15.3

15.4

14.8

14.7

31.9

31.8

34.3

33.9

33.7

32.7

31.6

31.9

31.7

31.6

32.1

31.9

83.7

31.1

31.1

31.8

31.7

31.1

30.7

29.6

30.0

29.7

30.0

30.1

30.0

31.5

7.5

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.6

?4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.5

6,3

6.3

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.0

14.4

14.2

15.5

15.4

15,2

14.6

14.4

14.2

13.9

14.3

14.7

14.2

14.3

15.0

14.9

15.3

15.2

14.6

14.1

13.8

13.6

13,5

13.7

14.1

13.6

13.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

R

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

R

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

;::

6.6

6.4

7.2

7.0

7.1

6.7

H

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.1

6.2

7.1

6.9

7.2

7.1

7.1

6.7

6.9

6.7

6.2

;;

5.9

6.0

0.4

N

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

E

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

E

1.4

2.4

1.5

2.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1,3

u

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

2.7

1.5

2.8

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

;::

lRatss computed by relating total births, regardless Of ags Of father, tO MSn a9ed 15-54 Yeara.

2Ra&arnmptiti byrdatlng binhsof@thera under ~yeamOf egetO men aged l%19Yaara.

%cJudadlrrAllother,

NOTE: Rates for 1981-s9 hsve been revisal see Technicel notes.
Table 13. Number and percent low birth weight and live births by birth weight, age of mother, and race of mother and of child: United States, 1990 g

Birth weightz

Low birth weight 1

Less

than 5oo- 1,ooo- 1,500- 2,000- 2,500–

Age of mother

3,000– 3,500- 4,000- 4,500-

500

5,000

999 1,499 1,999 2,499 2,999 3,499 3,999 4,499 4>999

and race Number Percent Total

grsms Not

grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams or more stated

Al[ races . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uncfer15 years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20–24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

4044 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17yeers . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeara . . . . ...’..

45-49 yeara . . . . . . . . .

289,418

1,545

46,324

3,246

5,981

9,441

13,318

16,336

77,300

78,486

56,444

23,283

3,869

167

187,179

512

26,714

1,360

3,031

5,090

7,576

9,657

48,203

53,108

39,358

16,412

2,754

118

90,523

995

20,358

1,791

2,815

4,114

5,379

6,259

26,620

21,983

14,263

5,440

842

32

7.0

13.3

9.3

11.7

10.3

9.7

9.2

8.5

7.1

6.2

6.4

7.3

8.0

10.2

5.7

10.3

7.5

9.2

8.6

7.9

7.5

7.0

5.8

5.1

5.3

6.3

7.0

10.0

13.3

15.7

13.5

14.9

13.6

13.7

13.4

12.9

12.3

13.1

14.3

15.3

15.1

15.5

4,158,212

i 1,657

521,826

27,703

57,801

97,723

144,969

193,530

1,093,730

1,277,108

886,063

317,583

48,607

1,638

3,280,273

4,974

354,462

14,802

35,446

64,686

100,481

139,087

837,572

1,051,780

739,208

261,787

39,308

1,180

684,336

6,338

151,613

12,023

20,734

30,124

40,171

48,561

217,274

186,217

99,514

35,592

5,581

207

5,555

37

915

67

125

185

229

309

1,455

1,493

1,131

463

61

—

3,010

13

420

31

54

78

103

154

765

821

662

293

36

2,405

24

482

35

Oa

103

126

150

886

832

437

145

19

20,533

150

3,641

306

480

701

985

1,159

5,435

5,372

3,938

1,688

290

8

11,791

43

1,843

128

237

374

491

612

2,976

3,221

2,424

1,065

194

5

6,143

105

1,727

167

248

311

477

524

2,334

1,994

1,378

524

80

3

26,827

184

4,730

354

614

952

1,260

1,550

7,025

6,973

5,240

2,269

20

16,513

88

2,533

141

316

497

722

657

4,087

4,494

3,540

1,514

284

13

9,405

112

2,094

208

287

434

508

859

2,756

2,227

1,468

631

92

5

55,087

305

9,232

661

1,115

1,812

2,575

3,069

14,332

14,707

10,909

4,743

821

38

35,540

112

5,122

278

544

980

1,474

1,636

8,788

9,951

7,835

3,320

575

29

17,531

189

3,877

361

546

779

1,030

1,159

5,117

4,202

2,791

1,151

198

6

181,416

869

29,806

1,858

3,837

5,791

8,269

10,251

49,053

49,941

35,228

14,109

2,311

101

120,325

276

16,798

781

1,880

3,151

4,786

6,198

31,579

34,621

25,097

10,200

1,885

71

53,039

585

12,178

1,022

1,884

2,467

3,238

3,767

15,745

12,928

8,163

2,989

453

18

665,737

2,835

107,229

6,329

12,844

20,535

29,663

37,858

189,227

189,656

124,475

44,975

7,095

245

468,339

1,023

64,457

2,889

6,840

11,974

18,471

24,283

129,209

140,532

93,929

33,815

5,212

162

161,159

1,734

39,392

3,248

5,597

7,929

10,282

12,336

51,922

37,973

21,465

7,446

1,189

38

1,524,675

4,585

205,708

11,038

23,091

38,942

57,073

75,566

417,226

464,433

308,964

106,983

16,238

558

1,191,605

1,939

139,191

5,927

14,145

25,791

39,381

53,947

316,493

378,983

254,575

87,122

12,928

374

257,979

2,520

60,185

4,765

8,266

11,988

15,956

19,230

84,683

61,669

35,110

11,936

1,621

73

1,220,843

2,218

125,958

5,818

12,778

22,895

35,129

49.338

306;555

393,476

279,543

98,094

14,559

440

1,036,984

1,210

95,800

3,727

6,961

17,075

26,988

39,049

253,698

343,076

245,593

84,886

12,381

340

137,613

931

26,473

1,691

3,427

5,160

7,133

8,862

43,465

35,975

21,623

7,838

1,243

45

376,003

409

29,506

1,073

2,728

5,115

8,356

12,234

86,654

125,117

95,341

35,468

5,332

176

335,641

249

24,216

759

2,112

4,129

6,919

10,297

75,402

112,725

86,491

31,724

4,692

142

30,531

136

4,407

270

522

812

1,207

1,596

6,858

8,747

5,682

2,310

375

16

66,178

31

3,914

133

343

615

1,100

1,723

13,843

21,791

18,084

7,250

1,222

43

59,654

22

3,295

103

264

514

929

1,485

12,313

19,857

16,517

6,515

1,098

37

4,561

8

480

28

69

83

. 117

183

1,148

1,349

1,031

462

82

3

8,054

5

418

16

37

56

120

189

1,512

2,668

2,167

1,077

200

7

7,039

4

337

12

29

44

97

155

1,290

2,373

1,928

934

168

5

719

1

60

4

7

9

16

24

172

211

169

88

18

5,304

29

769

%

124

210

284

1,413

1,461

1,045

473

92

2

3,832

15

472

25

64

69

120

194

964

1,106

818

379

76

2

1,251

13

258

26

31

49

81

71

408

310

181

70

11
Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . , . . . .

15-19 Deere . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . .

17yeera . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . .

35-39years ...,.....

40-44years . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years. ., . . . .

15-19yeers . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeare . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . .

4S49years . . . . . . . . .

182,785

495

25,842

1,309

2,943

4,928

7,316

9,346

46,937

52,135

38,536

16,026

2,701

113

93,465

1,007

20,977

1,828

2,880

4,229

5,558

6,482

27,540

22,590

14,748

5,683

875

35

5.7

10.2

7.5

9.1

8.6

7.8

7.5

6.9

5.7

5.0

5.3

6.2

7.0

9.8

12.9

15.7

13.2

14.8

13.4

13.5

13.2

12.6

12.0

12.7

13.9

15.0

14.6

15.8

3,225,343

4,855

343,920

14,345

34,426

62,846

97,503

134,800

817,789

1,034,573

727,416

257,113

38,525

1,152

724,576

6,426

156,974

12,347

21,451

31,398

42,266

51,510

230,494

176,140

106,156

38,145

6,019

222

2,932

11

405

30

50

1:

146

743

804

846

287

36

2,460

26

492

36

69

104

129

154

682

644

450

147

19

11,503

43

1,774

124

230

362

487

591

2,900

3,162

2,370

1,057

192

5

8,336

104

1,772

172

250

318

491

541

2,393

2,031

1,411

541

81

3

16,093

65

2,443

136

302

479

700

826

3,974

4,405

3,459

1,478

258

13

9,715

115

2,164

210

299

448

522

865

2,845

2,293

1,538

659

96

5

34,683

106

4,954

271

520

961

1,426

1,776

8,559

9,754

7,461

3,239

583

27

18,137

193

4,000

366

567

798

1,068

1,201

5,295

4,328

2,908

1,202

203

8

117,594

270

“748

1,841

3,049

4,623

30;761

34,010

24,600

9,967

1,652

68

54,817

569

12,549

1,044

1,695

2,561

3,348

3,901

16,325

13,294

8,441

3,144

476

19

457,896

1,006

62,554

2,809

6,655

11.643

17,926

23,521

125,981

137,905

92,108

33,097

5,086

159

167,653

1,747

40,722

3,306

5,731

8,148

10,670

12,867

54,046

39,492

22,504

7,837

1,267

38

1,167,401

1,891

135,057

5,736

13,725

25,045

36,2i2

52,339

308,884

372,673

250,375

85,506

12,654

361

272,633

2,557

62,998

4,902

8,546

12,474

16,755

20,321

89,674

65,199

37,402

12,762

1,962

79

1,018,046

1,183

92,932

3,615

8,701

16,806

26,198

37,812

248,083

337,804

242,020

83,528

12,160

338

149,237

954

28,488

1,965

3,613

5,499

7,698

9,713

47,204

39,025

23,591

8,566

1,364

45

329,924

239

23,563

739

2,057

4,017

6,743

10,007

73,688

111,085

85,376

31,241

4,611

141

34,241

139

4,896

285

564

891

1,346

1,810

10,059

9,756

6,345

2,606

423

17

58,622

22

3,194

100

257

496

899

1,442

12,019

19,586

16,291

6,426

1,071

33

5,252

8

554

31

75

97

138

213

1,348

1,528

1,196

514

96

8

6,932

4

327

12

29

43

1:

1,265

2,338

1,904

922

167

5

789

1

68

4

7

10

19

28

193

227

186

94

20

3,735

15

451

25

59

68

115

184

932

1,087

806

367

75

2

1,308

13

271

26

35

50

84

76

430

323

184

73

12

I&* 2,51J3grams (5 ~ 8 C@.

2E@mMS C#grSMwighrs in ISME d poundsand ouncesare SWWI h theTechnicalnotes.
32 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 14. Number end percent of births of low birth weight, by race of mother and of child: United States and each State, 1990

[By place of residence]

Numberi Percentl

Race of mother r%ce of child Race of mother Race of child

All All

State races2 White Black White Black racesz White Black White Black

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connectlcutl . . . . . . . . . . . ..c.

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iXstrict of Columbia,.. , . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illlnols .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIssIssIPPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana. .J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMexlco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Virginia . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

289,418

5,334

575

4,375

2,986

35,55s

4,283

3,309

849

1,785

14,813

9,747

1,445

928

14,785

5,648

2.124

2,435

3,636

6,650

892

6,229

5,417

11,586

3,437

4,159

5,637

715

1,287

1,563

663

6,469

2,016

22,568

6,344

506

11,612

3,106

2,144

12,270

927

5,107

557

6,152

21,936

2,074

436

7,156

4,177

1,599

4,273

515

187,179

2,546

325

3,645

1,625

25,763

3,662

2,410

493

133

6,622

4,352

347

897

8,148

4,401

1,950

1,982

3,197

2,462

672

2,621

4,216

6,740

2,675

1,458

3,769

626

1,095

1,206

642

5,146

1,683

13,251

4,207

456

6,196

2,291

1,926

8,206

754

2,184

465

3,703

15,834

1,955

431

4,040

3,461

1,477

3,114

475

90,523

2,758

58

294

1,120

6,097

456

633

345

1,589

5,781

5,273

62

6,27;

1,176

136

400

611

4,110

3,22;

947

4,6S1

352

2,673

1,807

4

163

269

10

3,002

84

6,444

3,947

4

3,507

579

94

3,860

117

2,683

5

2,402

5,627

28

1

2,943

337

114

1,026

9

182,785

2,531

304

3,575

1,796

24,758

3,565

2,347

467

126

8,662

4,272

260

879

7,949

4,313

1,927

1,947

3,172

2,435

869

2,699

4,105

6,635

2,812

1,444

3,706

603

1,076

1,181

833

5,005

1,637

12,960

4,111

450

8,026

2,150

1,856

7,986

738

2,154

453

3,662

15,570

1,920

430

3,966

3,367

1,463

3,079

468

93,465

2,766

66

335

1,135

6,720

501

893

352

1,597

5,s99

5,343

107

6,43;

1,246

152

422

629

4,126

3,31:

1,026

4,743

394

2,682

1,852

6

171

279

12

3,127

6,6:

4,013

7

3,849

609

116

4,051

132

2,901

7

2,430

5,824

33

1

2,999

403

126

1,047

12

7.0

8.4

4.8

6.4

6.2

5.8

8.0

6.6

7.6

15.1

7.4

8,7

7.1

5.7

7,6

6.6

5.4

6.2

7.1

9.2

5.1

7.8

5.9

7.6

5.1

9.6

7.1

6,2

5.3

7.2

4.9

7,0

7.4

7.6

8.0

5.5

7,1

6.6

5.0

7.1

6.2

8.7

5.1

8.2

6.9

5.7

5.3

7,2

5.3

7,1

5.9

7.4

5.7

6.2

4.0

6.2

6.6

5.1

7.5

5.7

5.9

7.3

5.9

6.2

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.2

5.7

6.6

::

5.4

5.3

5.7

4.6

:::

6.2

4.9

::

5.5

7.5

6.0

5.9

5.5

5.9

6.1

4.6

5.7

5.7

6.1

5.1

6.5

6.0

5.7

5.3

5.6

4.9

6.6

4.9

7.2

13.3

12.6

10.9

11,5

13.2

12.5

15.6

13.1

13.4

17.5

12.5

13.0

12.2

*

14.5

12,5

13.0

12.0

12.0

13,8

13,;

10.5

14,7

13.7

12.9

13,3

*

11.6

14.1

*

13.0

12.0

13,4

12,8

13.;

11.5

10.2

15.1

10.3

12.9

●

13.7

13.0

12.8

12,;

11,6

13.2

14.3

*

5.7

6.2

4.0

6.2

6.6

5.1

7.5

5.6

5.9

7.3

5.9

6.1

::

5.5

5,6

5.2

5.7

6.5

::

5.3

5.3

5.7

4.6

6.5

5.6

6.2

4.9

6.5

4.9

5.4

7.4

6.0

5.9

5.5

5.9

6.1

4.8

5.7

5.7

6.1

5.1

6.5

5.9

5.7

5.3

5.6

4.9

6.6

4.9

7.2

12,9

12.6

9.5

10.6

13.1

11.5

14.6

12.7

13.2

17.5

12.3

13.0

11.1

*

14.3

12.1

11.9

11.0

11.7

13.6

*

12.8

10.0

14.5

12.7

12.9

13.1

11.;

12.9

*

12.8

11.9

13.1

12.7

*

13.2

11.1

9.4

14.5

10.0

12.6

*

13.5

12.7

8.6

*

12.1

9.8

13.1

14.0

*

l~e~~ than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 oz).

21ncludes races other than white and black.
~ Monthly Wtal Statistics Repotio Vol. 41, No.9(S) oFebrua~25, l993 ~ 33

Table 15. Live births by plurality of birth and age of mother, by race of mother: United States, 1990

Livebirths in Llva births In triplet end

All live births Single live births twin deliveries other plural deliveries

All All All All

Age of mother races 1 White Black races 1 White Black races 1 White Black races 1 White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,158,212 3,290,273 684,336 4,061,319 3,215,017 665,851 93,865 72,617 18,184 3,028 2,639 321

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,657 4,974 6,338 11,541 4,925 6,273 116 49

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 ---

521,826 354,482 151,613 514,252 349,688 148,826 7,469 4,543 2,756 85 51 31

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,703 14,602 12,023 27,327 14,614 11,847 371 163 176 5 5

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,901 35,446 20,734 57,176 35,034 20,441 722 411 292 7

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,723 64,666 30,124 96,502 64,020 29,566 1,218 666 535 :: 3

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,969 100,481 40,171 142,921 99,217 39,446 2,021 1,252 713 27 12 12

19years, . . . . . . ...<..... . 193,530 139,067 48,561 190,326 137,003 47,506 3,156 2,031 1,040 48 33

20-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093,730 837,572 217,274 1,072,431 822,451 211,651 20,945 14,863 5,539 354 258 E

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277,106 1,051,760 166,217 1,246,144 1,027,004 162,967 30,020 23,919 5,143 944 837 67

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686,063 739,209 99,514 660,478 717,878 96,163 24,466 20,315 3,271 1,119 1,016 80

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317,583 261,767 35,592 307,498 253,431 34,311 9,587 7,904 1,245 496 452 36

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,607 39,309 5,561 47,376 38,291 5,435 1,203 893 143 28 25

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

1,638 1,160 207 1,599 1,149 205 39 31 2---

‘Iwludes rams dherthanwtite and black.

Table 16. Numbers, rates, and ratios of births to unmarried women by age of mother, by race of mother and of child: United States, 1990

Rate per 1,000 unmarriad

Numbar women In specified group Ratio par 1,000 live births

All other AU other All other

All All .41

Age of mother races White Total Black races White ToM Black races white Total Black

Race of mother

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165,384

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,675

13-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349,970

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,068

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,309

17yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,021

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,961

i9yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,611

20-24 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,073

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,991

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,200

35-39 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,149

40years andover. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526

Race of child

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165,364

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,675

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349,970

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,066

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,308

17yaar3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,021

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,961

19yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,611

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,873

25-29yesra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,991

30-34yearr3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,200

35-39yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,149

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,526

669,696

4,157

199,896

11,625

25,063

41,398

56,195

65,615

232,528

131,967

66,400

27,050

647,376

4,056

193,008

11,250

24,284

40,058

54,244

83,163

224,596

127,875

66,119

26,187

5,534

495,686

6,518

150,074

12,443

21,246

30,623

39,766

45,996

171,344

96,024

49,600

17,099

2,827

518,006

6,619

156,961

12,616

22,015

31,963

41,717

48,448

179,277

102,116

52,081

17,862

2,9e2

455,304

6,240

139,442

11,732

19,894

28,476 1

36,875

42,465 }

157,619

89,614

44,930

14,946

2,313

472,660

6,374

144,731

12,013

20,458

29,472

38,403

44,365 I

164,161

92,756

46,664

15,576

2,436

143.6

. . .

42.5

29.6

60.7

65.1

56.0

37.6

17.3

23.6

143.8

. . .

42.5

29.6

60.7

65.1

56.0

37.6

17.3

23.8

132.9

. . .

30.6

20.4

44.9

48.2

43.0

29.9

14.5

23.2

131.8

. . .

29.5

19.8

43.3

46.5

41.7

28.9

14.0

23.1

179.7

---

86.3

66.0

120.6

124.3

84.3

57.6

24.6

%.2

%33

. . .

92.3

67.5

126.8

130.0

98,3

E

25.5

190.5

. . .

106.0

78.8

143.7

144.8

105.3

61.5

25.5

25.1

193.9

-..

110.1

81.2

150.0

150.6

109.0

z

25,3

280.3

915.8

670.7

868.8

788.8

737.0

861.9

576.7

36s.3

160.1

133.4

139.0

169.7

260,3

915.8

870.7

8ss.8

799.8

737.0

681.9

576.7

368.3

16Q.1

133.4

139.0

189.7

203.5

835.7

563.9

785.4

707.1

640.0

559.3

471.8

277.6

125.5

82.5

103.3

140.6

200.7

835.4

561.2

784.2

705.7

637.4

556.3

468.6

274.6

123.6

90.9

101.9

139.5

571.1

975.3

696.6

964.5

948.2

926.9

893.9

644.5

666.9

435.0

339.1

306,5

289.6

555.3

973.1

882.3

959.8

937.8

916.4

878.9

824.9

649.7

421.0

326.3

297.0

283.1

665.3

984.5

919.7

975.8

959.5

845.3

918.0

674.5

726.4

532.7

451.5

419.9

399.6

652.3

862.6

910.4

‘972.9

953.7

938.7

908.6

861.7

712.2

520.7

439.8

408.3

390.6

1Ra@ @m@ed by rohting total births to unmarried mothers, regardless of Sgaof MOther, to unmarried women E@ 15-44 yOarS.

2RatasWmpdad by relating birtlw to unmarried mothsra aged 40 years and ovarto unmarriedwomanaged 40-44 yaara.

NOTE ForU Ststesandthe DIatrictof Columbia,marital statua of mothar b rapxt&l on tha birth cartit!e-st% for 0 Statea, mother’s msrhsl atstus la Infarr@ ass Tschnical notaa.
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993-

Table 17. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-90

[Ratesare live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in speclfled group, estimated se of July 1]

Age of mother

15-19 yeara

15-44 1s17 18-19 2&24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

Year and race years 1 Total years years yeara years years years yearaz

All racea

19903, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19873 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19853, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843s4. .,................,,, ,

19833,4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,,

~9823’4 . . .. s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813,4. .,, ,,, ,, .,,,.,... . . . . .

19803,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804,5. . .,, . .,, ., ..,,.... ,,,,

19754,5. .,, ,,, , . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,

19705’6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Ra;;9;~mothec

19893:::::::::::::::::::: ::::

Rata of child:

19903 . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,.

19893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,

19883, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19873 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19863. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19853..

19843v4.;:::;;:;;;::;;: ::::::;

19833’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982=s4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813S4. .

19803,4.,:::::::::::::::: :::::

19804,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19705,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Race of mothec

19903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ra;;9;~hlld:

19893::::::::::::::::::: :::::

19883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19673 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

198+33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19843S4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19633’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19823,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19813s4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19603,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19604’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754,5 . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19705,6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotesat end of table.

43.8

41.6

38.5

36.0

34.2

32.6

31.0

30.3

30.0

29.5

29.4

26.4

24.5

26.4

32.9

30.2

31.8

29.2

26.5

24.5

23.2

21.6

20.1

19.2

1S.7

18.1

17,6

16.2

12.4

13.9

79.7

60.7

83.3

S4.o

80.3

77,0

73.8

72.4

70.9

71.9

73.7

74.8

77.2

78.0

79.0

89.9

42.5

40.1

36.4

33.8

32.3

31.4

30.0

29.5

26,7

27.9

27.6

27.5

23.9

22.4

30.6

28,0

29.5

27.2

24,5

22.5

21,3

20,3

18.9

18.4

17.6

16.9

16.2

15.9

12.0

10,9

88.3

87.8

92.3

91.3

84.8

80.7

76.9

78.7

77.6

77.9

76.3

76.2

81.7

83.0

68.3

90.6

29.6

28.7

26.4

24.5

22.8

22.4

21.9

22,0

21.5

20.9

20.6

20.7

19.3

17.1

20,4

19,3

19,8

18.7

17.1

15.8

14,5

14,2

13.5

13,4

12.9

12.4

11.8

11.7

9.6

7.5

65.0

65.6

67.5

67.6

64.0

61.2

59.0

59.0

59.1

60.1

60.1

59.9

63.1

64.0

70,7

73,3

60.7

56.0

51.5

48.9

46.0

45.9

42.5

40.7

39.6

39.0

39.0

38.7

32.5

32.9

44.9

40.2

43.3

38.9

35.7

33.5

32.7

30.4

27.3

25.S

24.7

24.1

23.6

22.8

16.5

17.6

120.6

i 19.5

126.8

124.9

116.6

111.0

109.7

107.7

104.7

103.5

105.6

106.6

111.6

113.4

114.3

126.5

65.1 56.0

61.2 52.8

56.0 48.5

52.6 44.5

49,3 42,2

46.5 39.9

43.0 37.1

41.6 35.5

41.5 35.1

41.1 34.5

40.9 34.0

39.7 31.4

31.2 27.5

36.4 37.0

46.2

43.8

46.5

42.4

38,0

35.6

33.3

30,6

27.7

26.3

25.7

25.0

24.4

22.4

15.5

22.5

124.3

123.5

130.0

128.5

121.1

113.9

107.5

104.3

100.4

100.7

103.2

104.6

106.6

106.2

102.1

121.0

43,0

39.1

41.7

37.9

34.2

31,0

29.4

27.5

24.6

22.9

22.2

21.5

20.7

17.3

14.6

21.1

94.3

94.7

78.5

78.8

79.1

79.1

73.2

93.8

37.6

34.9

32.0

29.6

27.2

25.2

23.3

22.4

21.9

20.8

21.1

18.5

17.9

27.1

29.9

26.8

14.7

13.6

13.6

10.5

1Y2

57.8

57.9

60.4

60.5

57.5

53.8

50.5

48.5

44,8

44.3

44.3

45.3

46.9

46.2

47.9

69.6

17.3

16.0

15.0

13.5

12.2

11.6

10.9

10,2

10.0

9.s

9.7

8.4

9.1

13.6

14.5

13.1

14.0

12.7

11.7

10.4

9.4

8.7

;::

7.2

7.0

6.6

5.3

5.4

7.6

24.6

24.3

25.8

25.5

24.7

23.3

21.1

21.0

20.3

19.8

20.1

19.6

19.2

16.5

20.0

32.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

2,9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

U

3.2

2.9

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.4

E

5.2

5.1

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.9

5.4

5.7

5.6

5.3

6.9

10.7
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repor! ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 35

Tabla17. Birthrates for unmarried women by age of mother and race: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-90-Con.

[Rates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of rnotfrer

16-19 yeara

15-44 1!+17 18-19 *24 25-28 30-34 35-39 40-4.4

Year and race yeara ~ Total yeara years years yeara yeara yeara yearaz

Black 7

Race of mothen

19903. ,9893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 90.5 106.0 78.8

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 104.5 78.9

R~#$hlld:

93.9

1989s:: :::::::::::::::::::: ::

110.1 81.2

93.8

19883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.9 80.9

89.3

1s673 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99.1 75.6

19863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85.1 93.5 71.6

81.2 80.6 68.4

19653 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s43’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79.0 89.3 67.9

19633’4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77.0 87.5 67.4

i9823,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78.0 86.6 67.6

19813*4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79.8 88.5 67.2

1%303,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61.3 66.2 66.7

82.9 69.2 69.6

19604,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19754.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83.2 90.3 70.6

19705’6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...+

64.2 93.5 76.8

95.5 86.9 77.9

143.7

140.9

150.0

146.2

135.1

126.8

124.3

120,4

115.6

113.8

114.8

116.1

120.2

121.8

123.8

138.4

144.8

142.4

150.6

147.4

137.8

129.8

121.2

116.0

110.6

10s.9

112.0

113.5

115.1

116.0

108.0

131.5

105.3

102.9

109.0

106.4

100.5

94,6

87.4

82.0

80.4

82.4

85.5

85.8

63.9

82.9

75.7

100.9

61.5

60.5

64.0

62.8

59.8

55.1

51.8

49.3

45.4

4s.4

45.9

47.2

48.2

47.0

50.0

71.8

25.5

24.9

26.5

28.0

25.2

%

21.2

20.3

20.2

20.3

20.4

19.6

18.5

20.5

32.9

5<1

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.5

5.0

5.4

5.8

5.6

5.5

%

1Rates ~puted by refsting total births to unmarried mothere, regardless of age ef mother,tO tmmarkf VJOMSn 89ad 1* Yesrs.

2RSWS ~mputed by refaffng births to unmerried mothers eged 40 years snd over to umnsrried women eged 4M Y-.

3D*~rStst=in ~&merj~lststus ~asnotre~rtedhave baeninferrwand iw[udedtitida~ fmrntheremaining State~seeTechnical notes.

4BeasdonlWparcemt ofbkfhsinseiecfad Statesendona50-percant sampleofbirthsin allotherStata$aee Tachnicafnofas.

5BMa~unmrfi~ -enereestfmated f~~eunitedsmtes fr~mdaw~rregiatretion are~inwhkhmarm Ststusofrrrofherwaa raport@aeeTschnicaf rrdes,

6ssgedona~per@nr sampleofbkths.

71nckfad InAflother.

NOTE Rates for 1981-S9 Ma been reviaeti see Technical notes,
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) . February 25, 1993 ~

Table 18. Number and ratio of births to unmarried women, by race of mother and of child: United States and each State, 1990

[By place of residence]

Number Ratio per 1,000 live births

Race of mother Race of chi/d Race of mother Race of child

All All

State races 1 White Black White Black races 1 White Black White Black

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Californla2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dletrictof Columbia . . . . . . . . .

Florida, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michiaan2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minm%ote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississimi . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missou; ’..............,.

Montana . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NevadaZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshira . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . ..c

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakata . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Westvirglnia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsi n . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,165,364

19,131

3,113

22,532

10,713

193,559

11,374

13,330

3,222

7,692

63,169

36,979

5,088

2,738

62,148

22,562

8,262

8,397

12,829

26,601

3,931

23,769

22,886

40,269

14,192

17,627

22,643

2,757

5,056

5,480

2,967

29,756

9,704

98,110

30,718

1,699

48,289

11,998

11,041

49,258

3,997

19,148

2,515

22,662

55,435

4,910

1,666

25,674

18,746

5,743

17,656

1,383

669,698

4,921

1,390

17,102

4,710

154,625

9,416

8,641

1,392

353

31,340

10,538

898

2,584

28,007

15,415

7,340

6,095

9,285

6,425

3,615

8,497

16,548

17,410

10,896

2,973

12,747

1,801

3,798

3,946

2,914

14,711

6,893

53,660

10,083

1,172

28,652

6,995

9,762

29,049

3,027

5,217

1,327

10,037

33,983

4,333

1,645

10,921

15,417

5,144

11,205

1,223

455,304

14,157

161

1,571

5,917

1;576

4,401

1,815

6,899

31,385

26,293

119

10

33,712

6,996

766

2,099

3,496

19,971

37

14,961

5,479

22,477

1,690

14,507

10,306

18

980

1,263

42

14,677

304

42,700

19,616

16

19,397

3,311

656

19,793

729

13,657

18

12,506

20,941

116

9

14,631

1,579

587

5,789

30

647,376

4,916

1,254

16,633

4,591

147,933

9,372

6,223

1,379

338

30,567

10,181

603

2,546

26,726

14,664

7,242

5,816

9,251

6,311

3,775

7,833

15,798

17,396

10,514

2,912

11,909

1,713

3,680

3,876

2,861

13,989

6,785

52,063

9,644

1,148

27,560

6,666

9,433

27J?1O

2,905

5,132

1,263

9,615

33,981

4,216

1,626

10,785

14,514

5,118

11,114

1,192

472,660

14,162

232

1,764

6,009

35,201

1,610

4,769

1,826

6,912

32,062

26,622

157

25

34,679

7,486

842

2,343

3,526

20,050

50

15,576

6,136

22,488

2,134

14,557

10,507

1,On

1,315

61

15,336

365

44,132

20,162

20

20,408

3,443

837

21,476

833

13,934

39

12,716

20,943

174

19

14,753

2,170

614

5,845

47

280.3

301.3

261.6

326.6

293.9

315.9

212.5

265.9

289.9

649.1

316.9

328.2

248.3

166.8

317.4

261.7

210.2

215.2

236.0

368.5

226.5

296.5

247.0

262,1

208.7

404.6

285.7

237.4

207.4

253,7

168.9

243.3

354.1

329.7

293.9

183.7

289,3

251.8

257.4

286.4

263.0

326.7

228.7

302.3

175.2

135.3

201.4

260.4

236.5

254.3

242.2

198.0

203.5

119,7

171.9

208.9

171,3

307.4

192,1

202.7

166.5

193.2

208.9

149.3

144.9

162.0

190,2

203.4

194.7

175.4

190.0

155.8

224.2

162.1

207,0

146.2

175.8

133.3

167.9

179.6

169.6

212.4

168.7

155,9

305.0

243.1

141.7

140.4

205.9

165.1

245.1

202.4

226.3

146.5

144.7

177.3

127.7

125.8

200.5

151.0

218.2

238.2

177.0

185.9

665.3

647.4

300.9

612.0

695.7

623.3

545.9

691.5

702.7

759.6

676.2

649.1

176.6

*

778.2

736.5

730.9

628.1

686.8

672.0

385.4

601.5

607.9

703.4

732.8

699.1

759.7

*

710.7

662.3

371.7

635.5

566.1

674.4

644.1

●

747.3

649.2

713.6

774.9

629.5

618.1

●

710.8

483.0

527.3

*

612.6

543.0

680.2

806.9

447.6

200.7

120.4

164.6

269.6

169,1

304.2

194.7

196.8

167.2

194.7

208.7

148.2

126.7

161.6

184.6

199.1

193.9

170.9

190.7

154.9

223.9

153.7

201.8

146.0

172.3

131.5

186,6

177.1

166.6

214.1

167.1

151.1

306.3

240.1

136.1

139.7

201.1

187.2

242.6

193.4

221.7

145.7

140.9

175.3

129.4

124.2

199.1

151.6

212.7

238.3

177.3

164.1

652.3

642.4

324.0

555.8

692.0

604.7

473.8

680.2

683.6

755.4

667.2

645.2

163.5

271.7

772.3

727.2

859.4

610.6

656.9

668.0

306.7

598.7

598.9

663.5

667.7

697.6

744.4

346.7

663.6

609.4

331.5

625.9

468.5

665.2

637.0

166.1

737.3

621.5

663.8

769.9

621.2

613.9

288.9

704.7

456.1

450.8

*

596.2

523.4

636.9

776.3

439.3
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~37

Table 19. Live births by interval since last live birth, live-birth order, and race of mothe~ United States, 1990

[Refers only to second and higher order births. Live-birlh order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Total, L&e-birth order

second and

hig:,e;=;der

Interval since last live birth and race of mother 2

8 and

3 4 5 6 7 over

All races2

All Intervals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lf3-23months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38+7months. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notsteted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Allintervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M)-71months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Allintervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l–ll months.,........,.. . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,442,537

42,027

40,061

267,649

320,767

533,284

349,341

225,006

150,015

378,576

135,809

1,910,367

32,540

24,264

169,192

252,393

439,530

289,257

163,238

119,841

286,667

93,445

424,574

6,086

13,371

63,691

53,700

71,736

46,205

32,624

23,812

76,390

34,759

1,330,652

15,657

17,404

127,580

170,840

306,204

205,875

126,664

81,196

201,985

75,427

1,075,049

12,782

11,946

97,636

140,153

262,639

174,229

104,426

65,205

152,165

53,846

199,818

2,315

4,530

23,500

23,319

33,565

23,710

17,086

12,657

41,673

17,261

678,709

13,620

11,300

74,154

65,836

136,786

93,020

65,131

46,272

116,695

34.095

529,727

10,781

6,610

52,111

66,366

110,616

76,425

53,374

37,549

92,074

23,621

i21,814

2,447

3,861

18,586

15,741

20,987

13,236

9,366

6,920

21,776

8,854

261,277

7,333

6,076

36,572

37,377

53,056

31,756

21,559

14,754

36,204

14,588

191,627

5,437

3,193

23,428

27,666

40,919

24,942

16,884

11,423

26,534

9,399

57,647

1,659

2,492

11,270

7,994

9,795

5,463

3,766

2,846

8,044

4,498

97,196

3,143

2,790

15,622

14,554

19,442

10,997

7,080

4,853

12,567

6,148

66,430

2,187

1,269

8,942

10,082

14,320

8,200

5,329

3,60+3

8,969

3,526

25,052

867

1,308

5,579

3,584

4,COS

2,174

1,414

951

2,917

2,239

39,342

1,236

1,312

6,886

6,333

8,145

4,177

2,569

1,712

4,245

2,727

25,496

767

576

3,646

4,220

5,745

3,025

1,S38

1,220

2,954

1,507

10,780

409

615

2,538

1,593

1,816

873

549

361

1,033

8s3

17,453

533

628

3,308

2,626

3,733

1,725

1,077

660

1,648

1,295

10,873

309

254

1,682

1,826

2,546

1,194

760

459

1,122

721

4,699

200

292

1,236

720

827

364

240

160

428

17,706

505

551

3,527

3,201

3,918

1,769

908

548

1,232

1,529

10,963

277

216

1,745

2,076

2,745

1,242

627

379

629

625

4,564

189

252

1,180

739

738

385

181

117

319

464

lExciudesnct slatedbirthorder.

21ncludesracesotherthanwhiteand black.

Table 20. Ltveblrths by educational attainment ofmotherandof father andrace:lotai of 48 reporting States, the Distrlctof

Coltrmbla, and New York CIty,1990

Eduoation and rata of mother Education and race of r%rthar

Ail AII

Yaara of school completed races 1 White Black *cesl .2 White Blaok

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-5years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notetated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,916,583

67,708

70,561

27,306

80,884

166,967

220,577

264,999

1,479,183

295,546

363,653

124,076

447,938

226,105

61,036

3,077,143

53,902

66,595

21,251

64,626

131,680

157,689

166,153

1,141,432

238,763

291,617

97,546

388,632

185,656

43,621

664,680

3,063

1,964

4,591

13,251

30,131

64,517

89,276

282,961

49.807

55,53s

19,776

33,427

13,704

12,637

3,916,563

77,534

64,382

16,459

48,909

91,649

123,407

174,221

1,278,124

1SS,690

S02,7S0

108,336

437,539

328,162

660,281

2,770,660

53,084

61,739

14,509

44,3i4

s3,3i4

103,969

136,770

1,030,668

157,565

252,802

64,146

3$5,704

287,632

74,824

411,709

3,1 0s

925

917

2,806

5,875

14,663

31,491

202,164

25,588

36,273

13,539

29,193

14,981

30,185

llntjur.fes r-ems otherthenwhiteand black.

aln~ludesblti withraceoffathernOtstated.

NOTE:ExcludesdataforWashingtonend New Yorkstate (exclusiveof New YorkCily),whbtr did notrequirerewng of adwaflonel atralnmenfof motherandfather.
38~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 21. Live births by educational attainment of mother and age of mother, by race of mother and of child: Total of 48 reporting States,

the District of Columbia, and New York City, 1990

Yeare of school completed by mother

Age of mother o-6 9–1 1 12 13–15 16 years Not

and race Total years years years yeare or more stated

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years.............,.. . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I?years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over....,.. . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over ...,..... . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years Andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,916,583

11,279

500,566

26,776

55,759

93,968

138,947

185,116

1,039,209

1,198,646

824,607

295,437

46,839

3,077,143

4,771

337,793

14,213

33,927

61,833

95,669

132,151

790,926

981,210

663,250

241,745

37,446

664,880

6,161

147,790

11,722

20,198

29,364

39,177

47,329

211,276

163,071

96,485

34,470

5,607

3,016,514

4,660

327,857

13,777

32,970

80,119

92,868

126,123

772,395

965,195

672,301

237,419

702,537

6,267

154,739

12,033

20,676

30,550

41,159

50,119

223,667

172,353

102,655

36,825

6,031

246,461

8,451

51,099

9,426

8,934

9,446

11,067

12,206

65,841

57,797

39,163

18,916

5,214

206,374

3,596

40,615

5,381

6,599

7,945

9,841

10,849

56,696

50,607

33,293

15,529

4,036

22,909

4,633

6,753

3,773

2,094

1,187

S92

607

3,174

2,590

2,160

1,232

367

204,665

3,521

40,078

5,262

6,491

7,644

9,735

10,724

56,243

50,317

33,085

15,428

4,017

24,035

4,694

9,109

3,842

2,164

1,251

961

691

3,462

2,782

2,312

1,296

380

672,563

2,329

266,075

16,612

44,431

70,335

69,557

65,140

216,336

117,466

51,069

16,306

2,982

475,502

952

174,680

8,419

25,85a

45,048

47,658

47,479

162,831

68,042

36,156

10,833

2,026

173,924

1,296

63,795

7,645

17,266

23,264

19,743

15,655

47,060

24,497

12,112

4,394

770

463,347

920

169,338

8,090

25,051

43,733

46,438

46,026

158,995

86,178

35,313

10,613

1,992

182,319

1,319

87,541

7,662

17,846

24,206

20,752

16,853

49,672

25,706

12,725

4,560

796

1,479,163

157,226

1,414

12,511

53,186

90,117

505,521

489,636

257,932

77,188

11,676

1,141,432

105,296

862

7,762

34,703

61,949

376,227

379,595

209,125

60,319

8,870

262,961

47,264

493

4,364

16,909

25,518

111,231

72,860

37,336

12,401

2,029

1,116,866

101,757

64;

7,492

33,542

59,674

368,891

373,005

205,437

59,104

8,672

298,652

49,760

515

4,539

17,734

26,972

117,516

76,624

39,614

13,167

2,151

763,275

16,30~

—

200

3,119

14,985

197,501

296,660

196,109

65,515

9,186

625,926

12,231

—

139

2,012

10,060

149,011

242,130

161,611

53,467

7,456

125,116

5,461

54

991

4,416

41,333

42,908

25,768

6,459

1,168

612,770

11,809

—

134

1,930

9,745

144,976

237,722

156,660

52,346

7,255

132,923

5,751

57

1,052

4,642

43,968

45,424

27,422

9,067

1,271

674,043

39,61;

239,063

266,581

112,051

16,716

564,266

—

32,276

207,526

232,650

97,524

14,308

47,131

4,966

17,036

16,909

7,103

1,115

575,958

—

31,818

204,a53

229,546

95,933

14,006

51,046

5,355

18,321

18,301

7,799

1,270

61,038

499

7,660

738

980

1,476

1,996

2,666

14,396

18,002

13,753

5,461

1,065

43,621

223

4,991

413

588

939

1,257

1,794

9,681

13,306

10,415

4,053

750

12,837

252

2,497

304

343

475

642

733

3,510

3,360

2,160

68J

157

42,690

219

4,677

405

579

916

1,223

1,754

9,670

13,122

10,260

3,997

745

13,362

254

2,576

309

353

495

660

761

3,674

3,496

2,261

916

163

llncludes races other than whltesnd black.

NOTE Excludes data for Washington and New York State (exclusiveof New York City), which did not rsquire repoting of educstlonsl attainment of mother.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 39

Table 22. Live births by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 48 reporting States

and the District of Columbia and each State, 1990

[By place of residence]

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central

and Other and

All Puerto south unknown

State

Not

origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Total 1 White Black statad

All reporting States. . . . . . . . . . 4,092,994

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado. ,, .,, ,, ..,...,,

Connecticut .. c . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DLstrictof Columbia . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illlnols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . : . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MlssissiPP1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMexlco, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon...............<.

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63,467

11,902

68,995

36,457

612,628

53,525

50,123

11,113

11,850

199,339

112,666

20,489

16,433

195,790

66,214

39,409

39,020

54,362

72,192

17,359

80,245

92,654

153,700

68,013

43,563

79,260

11,613

24,360

21,599

122,269

27,402

297,576

104,525

9,250

186,913

42,S91

171,961

15,195

58,610

10,999

74,962

316,423

36,277

8,273

99,352

79,251

22,565

72,895

6,985

595,073

344

328

19,663

414

245,592

9,278

5,316

323

690

27,570

2,263

2,437

1,434

24,245

1,856

623

1,954

274

941

127

2,523

6,425

4,326

1,050

11s

970

292

802

3,261

16,972

12,193

53,140

1,754

123

2,427

2,974

5,636

1,560

571

113

444

115,845

2,043

30

3,459

5,700

73

1,866

511

385,640

160

200

18,943

246

200,129

4,668

169

64

44

5,003

1,311

346

1,195

17,653

1,355

379

1,595

178

202

26

547

286

2,560

781

47

728

145

517

2,483

674

2,831

3,827

987

75

1,009

2,647

399

2Z

72

231

103,031

1,238

7

630

3,669

24

1,229

323

56,607

57

39

163

2,0%

121

3,669

186

20

4,295

277

626

3,4::

24S

8

73

47

57

13

218

4,872

383

56

9

66

7

9

55

7,081

40

22,405

277

6

917

48

4,306

509

116

J

773

66

10

349

163

3

419

4

11,311

12

7

20

81:

24

78

7

6

7,380

56

16

1

241

13

2

17

5;

3

1;

82

13

1:

1

9:

877

25

626

30

1

35

14

75

14

15

1

20

231

5

1

54

19

1:

83,006

43

2%

26,4~

329

615

19

78!

6,614

367

:

1,267

55

26

84

5::

6

1,564

2,894

233

65

11

74

13

16

312

4,582

55

22,501

231

8

128

122

414

796

10

8

72

4,769

147

6

2,086

166

7:

16

56,307

72

57

261

111

14,117

4,136

587

27

2,2%

250

1,399

195

1,678

185

206

185

31

67

77

111

1,%

135

46

86

126

256

316

3,558

9,242

3,781

229

31

338

145

442

154

164

21

57

7,021

587

6

340

1,483

36

125

168

3,457,477

63,104

11,567

49,256

35,925

362,993

44,159

40,361

10,785

10,904

171,594

109,961

18,050

14,966

169,681

84,057

36,758

36,627

54,021

71,221

16,397

75,637

83,508

143,063

63,845

43,418

78,108

10,916

23,310

1s,305

105,000

15,201

234,989

102,760

9,058

164,294

39,eoo

166,170

12,915

57,949

10,64IO

74,501

200,153

34,214

7,258

95,692

77,795

22,498

70,986

6,464

2,626,500

40,778

7,779

39,775

27,055

255,913

39,791

34,207

8,055

1,640

123,514

68,005

5,472

14,527

122,854

73,933

37,080

32,629

48,574

40,547

16,081

49,463

72,261

109,182

56,476

22,161

63,574

9,373

21,332

15,378

78,423

10,527

165,220

68,512

6,160

136,756

37,045

136,116

11,3(XI

35,055

9,076

56,178

150,304

32,450

7,204

88,944

63,707

21,545

61,496

6,079

661,701

21,830

529

2,527

6,492

46,004

2,832

5,199

2,564

9,030

45,362

40,412

651

42

41,808

9,366

1,038

3,3~ 8

5,065

29,688

83

23,716

7,565

31,440

2,211

20,748

13,538

1,3:

1,867

22,130

512

56,998

30,726

25,8~

912

25,221

1,019

22,336

17,5:

43,121

214

17

23,770

2,759

859

7,108

64

40,504

39

7

76

116

4,043

86

4,424

5

56

175

442

2

31

1,864

301

26

239

::

635

2,085

720

6,291

3,118

29

182

405

268

33

317

8

9,447

11

1::

17

155

720

90

6

17

425

9:

201

1,756

14

43

10

1Includes rats.s othsr than white snd black.
40 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993

Table 23. Number and percent distribution of live births by race of mother and of child, according to Hispanic origin of mothe~ Total of

48 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1990

Origin of mother

Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto south unknown Non- Not

Race origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Hispanic stated

Race of mother

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,092,994

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,235,195

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679,123

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,676

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

79.0

18.6

4.4

4,092,994

3,172,595

718,852

201,547

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6

Other . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9

595,073

577,892

10,194

7,187

100.0

97.1

1.7

1.2

595,073

563,816

19,910

11,347

100.0

94.7

3.3

1.9

385,840

383,080

1,035

1,525

100.0

99.3

0.3

0.4

365,640

376,497

5,051

4,092

100.0

97.6

1.3

1.1

Number

58,807 11,311 83,008

55,946 10,983 75,643

2,138 288 5,429

723 40 1,936

Percent distribution

100.0 100.0 100.0

95.1 97.1 91.1

3.6 2.5 8.5

1.2’ 0.4 2.3

Number

58,807 11,311 83,008

52,192 10,822 74,155

5,494 395 6,417

1,121 94 2,436

Percent dktribution

100,0 100.0 100.0

88.8 95.7 89.3

9.3 3.5 7.7

1.9 0.8 2.9

56,307

52,040

1,304

2,963

100.0

92.4

2.3

5.3

58,307

50,150

2,563

3,804

100.0

89.1

4.5

6.4

3,457,417

2,626,500

661,701

169,218

100.0

76.0

19.1

4.9

3,457,417

2,576,325

691,407

187,685

100.0

74.6

20.0

5.4

40,504

31,003

7,228

2,273

100.0

76.5

17.8

5.6

40,504

30,454

7,535

2,515

100.0

75.2

18.6

6.2

NOTE Escludes New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not repoti Hispanic origin of mother on tha birth certificate.

Table 24. Birth and fertility rates, total fertility rates, and birth rates by age of mother, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race of

mother formothers ofnon-Hlspanic origin: Total of48repotilng States andthe Distrlctof Columbia, 1990

[Birth rates by age of mother are live births per 1,000 women in specified group]

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanicl

All Puerto Other

Measura origins 1 Total Mexican Rican Cuban Hispanlcz Totals White Black

Bkthrate4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 26.7 26.7 21.6 10.9 27.5 15.7 14.4 23.0

Fertilityrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 107.7 118.9 82.9 52.6 102.7 67.1 62.6 89.0

Totalfertilityratee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,063.0 2,959.5 3,214.0 2,301.0 1,459.5 2,877,0 1,979.5 1,650.5 2,547.5

Birthratesbyage ofmother7

10-14years . . . . .. c...... . . . . . . 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.1 0.5 5.0

16-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5::: 100.3 108.0 101,6 30,; 86.0 5?8 42.6 118.2

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.4 181.0 200.3 150.1 64.6 162.9 108.1 97.6 165.1

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 153.0 165.3 109.9 95.4 155.8 116.5 115.3 116.4

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 98.3 104.4 62.8 67.6 106.9 79.2 79.4 70,2

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 45.3 49.1 26.2 28.2 49.4 30.7 30.0 28.7

40-44yeers, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 10.9 12.4 6.2 4.9 11.6 5.1 4.7 5.6

4549years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.5 *

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3

1Includes origin not stated.

2!ncludes Central and South American end other and unknown Hispanic.

alncl~des races other than white and black.

4Rate per 1,000 total population.

5Rate per 1,000 women agad 15-44 years.

6Rates are sums of birth rsts9 for 5-yaar age groups multiplied by 5.

7RateS per 1,000 women in specified OrOUP.

NOTE: Excludes New Hampshira and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother on the bltih certificate,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~41

Table 25. Live births by age and Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 48

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1990

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto South unknown

Age of mother origins 1 Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Tota12 White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,092,994 595,073 385,840 58,807 11,311 83,008 56,307 3,457,417 2,626,500 661,701

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,535 2,348 1,558 360 16 132 282 9,104 2,602 6,204

18-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512,978 97,665 66,615 12,420 851 7,377 10,422 410,841 249,954 147,521

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,363 5,790 3,849 83T 35 383 686 21,340 8,854 11,736

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,033 12,064 8,112 1,678 87 782 1,405 44,475 22,793 20,227

17yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,055 19,329 13,222 2,485 165 1,351 2,106 75,867 44,127 29,287

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,503 26,839 18,514 3,333 251 2,008 2,732 114,471 71,752 39,055

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,024 33,663 22,918 4,087 313 2,852 3,493 154,68S 102,428 47,216

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,075,072 169,193 127,893 19,811 2,176 22,207 17,106 876,268 631,233 210,491

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256,814 166,105 104,560 15,071 4,420 26,704 15,350 1,078,760 863,490 162,091

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873,275 96,079 58,436 7,834 2,680 17,882 9,245 787,560 627,057 95,853

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313,630 36,374 22,113 2,729 1,006 7,249 3,277 273,220 219,81< 34,215

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,067 6,971 4,270 550 156 1,393 602 40,386 31,508 5,341

4W9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623 320 195 32 6 64 23 1,278 845 185

lIncIudes origin not stated,

21n~ludes races other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes New Hampshire and OKlahOMa, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother on the birth certificate.

Table 26. Percent of births with selected characteristics, by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of

non-Hispanic origin: Total of 48 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1990

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto south unknowrr

Characteristic origins t Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Tofa12 white Black

Fourth andhigher order births.. . . . . . . . . 10.5 15.4 17.2 13.2 12.5 11.7 9.6 8.0

Birthsto unmarried mothers . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1

15.2

36.7 33.3 55.9 lE 41.2 37.2 26.6 16.9 68,7

Mothers completing 12 yeara or more

ofschoolg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 46.1 38.6 57.2 82.1 55.8 86.7 81.5 84.8

Mothers born intheUnitedStates . . . . . . .

69.9

84.3 38.8 38.2 56.7 20.6 4.4 79.1 92.1 95.8

Mothera who began prenatal csre in

93.2

theflrsttrlmester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 60.2 57.8 83.5 84.8 61.5 66.4 78.5 63.3

Mothers whohadlate ornoprenatal care. . . 6.1

60.7

12.0 13.2 10.8 2.8 10.9 8.5

Births oflowbirfhweight4 . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.1 3.4

7.0 6.1

11.2

5.5 9.0 5.8 6.9

PretermbirIhs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.1 5.6 13.3

10.8 11.0 10.6 13.4 ::: 10.9 11.2

l.mkrute Apgarscore less than 76. . . . . . .

10.6

8.6

8.5 18.9

7.4 8.0 7.2 5.1 6.5 8.4

5-minute Apgarscore lessthan76 . . . . . . .

8.7 8.1

1.5 1.4

11.3

1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.6

tIncludes originnot stated.

21n~1”dea racea other than white and black.

gm,qudesdatGfor New ‘fork State (exclualve of New York City) and Washington, which did flOt reqUire repOrliflg Of 6dU@iOnJ# Otfainrnent Of mother.

48irlhwelghtofless than2,500grems (51b80z).

5sorn priorto 37completed weeks of geetstlon.

6Excludes dara. for California end Texaa, which did not require reportingOf eiher 1- or 5-mfIWte AP9SrsCOre.

NOTE:ExcludesNew Hampshire and Oklahoma, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother on the birth certiite.
42 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● VOL 41, No, 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 27. Live blrtha by age of mother, by speclfled race of mother and of child: United States, 1990

As/an or /?sc/f/c /s/arrder

All American

Age of mother races 1 White Black Indlanz Chinese Japaneae Hawa//an F1l/Plno Other

Race of mother

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years,.....,,,......,,.. . . .

19 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,,,.

15years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years ...,,......,,.. . . . . . . .

17years ...,,,......,,. . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,..,

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C-34years $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4!5-49years, ,, ...,.,.,.. . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

11,657

521,826

27,703

57,901

97,723

144,969

193,530

1,093,730

1,277,108

886,063

317,563

48,607

1,636

3,290,273

4,974

354,462

14,602

35,446

64,686

100,461

139,067

637,572

1,051,760

739,209

261,767

39,309

1,180

684,338

6,338

151,613

12,023

20,734

30,124

40,171

48,561

217,274

168,217

99,514

35,592

5,581

207

724,576

6,428

158,974

12,347

21,451

31,398

42,268

51,510

230,494

178,140

106,156

38,145

6,019

222

39,051

155

7,466

414

872

1,384

2,065

2,733

12,815

10,306

5,676

2,218

396

15

22,737

4

271

7

27

51

71

115

1,799

7,584

8,742

3,721

598

18

8,674

2

247

1:

46

1:

774

2,505

3,392

1,504

246

4

6,099

14

1,107

1%

211

311

413

1,941

1,722

902

358

51

4

25,770

:~o

1,541

52

147

297

435

610

4,789

7,500

7,394

3,763

738

25

78,355

i 40

4,796

311

525

873

1,269

1,818

16,971

26,606

20,623

8,390

1,646

183

84,804

150

5,544

341

610

1,006

1,465

2,102

17,514

28,492

22,153

9,005

1,759

187

4,158,212

11,657

521,626

27,703

57,901

97,723

144,969

193,530

1,093,730

1,277,108

886,063

317,583

48,607

1,638

3,225,343

4,855

343,920

14,345

34,426

62,846

97,503

134,600

817,789

1,034,573

727,416

257.113

49,014

168

9,131

485

1,012

1,669

2,527

3,438

16,038

13,104

7,241

2,810

502

20

24,267

4

327

10

32

61

65

139

1,959

8,069

9,234

4,013

839

22

10,476 8,744

17

1,441

71

140

271

394

565

2,664

2,544

1,441

537

96

4

27,272

25

1,824

73

184

360

511

696

5,287

7,Y96

7,636

3,766

714

24

2

261

8

13

44

66

112

968

3,051

3,999

1,866

36;525

1,152

“302

5

1Includes births of other races not shown separately.

‘Includes birlhstOAleuts and Eskimos,

Table 28. Birth rates by age and specified race of mother United States, 1990

[Birth rates by age of mother are live births per 1,000 women m specified group]

All

Asian or

American Pacific

Measure races 1 White Black lndlan2 Islander

Blrthrate3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fertility rate4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,7

70.9

15.8

68.3

22.4

86.6

18.9

76.2

19.0

69.8

Birth rates by age of mother

6;:?

48.5

129.3

148.7

110.3

61.5

27.5

5.9

0!3

10-14yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-17years, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-19years ...,......,., . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yaars, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45–49years, , ...,,,..,,, . . . . . . . .

1.4

59.9

37.5

86,6

116.5

120.2

80.8

31.7

5,5

0.2

0.7

50.8

29,5

78.0

109.8

120.7

81.7

31.5

5.2

0,2

4.9

112.8

82.3

152.9

160.2

115.5

66.7

28.1

5.5

0.3

0.7

26.4

16.0

40.2

79.2

126.3

106.5

49.6

10.7

1.1

llncludes Wthsofol herracesno tsh ownseparately

21ncludes births to Aleuts and Eskimos.

3Rste per 1,000 total population.

4Rate per 1,000 women aged 15-44 yesrs.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 41, No. 9(S). February 25, 1993 ~ 43

Table 29. Live births by birth weight and percent low birth weight, by specified race of mother and of child United States, 1990

Asian or Paoific Islander

All American

Birth weightl races2 White Black lndian3 Chinese Japanese Hawai7an Filipino Oifrer

Race of mother

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan2,500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50C-999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l,00C-l,499 grama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,899 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,899 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,503-4,999gr ads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams ormore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 2,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lesathan2,500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l,00Gl,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,489 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,989 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 2,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

289,418

5,555

20,533

26,827

55,087

181,418

665,737

1,524,675

1,220,843

376,003

66,178

8,054

5,304

7.0

4,158,212

269,418

5,555

20,533

28,827

55,087

181,416

665,737

1,524,675

1,220,843

376,003

86,178

8,054

5,304

7.0

3,290,273

187,179

3,010

11,791

16,513

35,540

120,325

468,339

1,191,605

1,036,984

335,641

59,654

7,039

3,832

5.7

3,225,343

182,785

2,932

11,503

16,093

34,663

117,594

457,896

1,167,401

1,018,046

329,924

58,622

6,932

3,73s

5.7

684,338

90,523

2,405

8,143

9,405

17,531

53,039

161,159

257,979

137,613

30,531

4,561

719

1,251

13.3

724,576

93,465

2,460

8,336

9,715

16,137

54,817

167,653

272,633

149,237

34,241

5,252

789

1,306

12.9

39,051

2,380

38

149

207

460

1,526

5,799

13,846

11,896

4,072

836

138

80

6.1

49,014

2,995

47

189

260

582

1,917

7,300

17,515

14,901

5,020

1,025

161

97

6.1

Number

22,737

1,065

9

33

1:

760

4,292

10,013

5,873

1,231

155

31

17

Percent

4.7

24,267

1,123

11

32

89

204

787

4,532

i 0,661

6,336

1,398

165

31

19

Percent

4.6

6,674

534

8

25

30

3fi

1,971

3,712

1,967

422

45

2

1

6.2

10,478

640

11

32

38

108

450

2,206

4,446

2,503

603

71

3

4

6.1

6,099

441

4

22

33

3Z

1,117

2,301

1,662

460

68

4

6

7.2

8,744

636

7

32

1:!

1,::

3,361

2,364

678

93

6

7

7.3

25,770

1,879

19

100

151

305

1,304

5,514

10,713

6,005

1,421

192

28

18

7.3

27,272

1,929

22

110

141

306

1,350

5,617

11,337

6,484

1,468

209

27

21

7.1

78,355

5,203

2?9

397

867

3,619

16,999

33,317

16,076

3,960

631

66

83

6.6

84,804

5,571

63

284

419

922

3,863

16,072

35,790

20,053

4,426

699

96

97

6.6

1Equlvalenls of ths gram weights in pounds and ouncas are shown In the Technical notes.

Zlncludes births of other rsces not shown Separately.

31n~l”dsS ~nhs to Aleut$ and E3kim~S,
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

Table 30. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began and age of mother, by race of mother and of chikk United States, 1990

Month of pregnancy prenatal care began

All

No

Ist and 2d 3d 4th-6th 7th–9th prenatal Not

Age of mother and race bkhs months month months months care stated

Allracesl .,......,..,....,,. . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. .

15-19 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. ,

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I?years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years ..,,...,..,,.. . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I?years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l*19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C!-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years Andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years .,,........,.. . . . . .

18yeers ..,,.......,,,. . . . . . .

19years .,.,........,.. . . . . . . .

20-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,.

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years .,.........,,. . . . . . . .

19years .,.........,,.. . . . . . . .

20-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years Andover, .,..... . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

11,657

521,626

27,703

57,901

97,723

144,969

193,530

1,093,730

1,277,106

886,063

317,583

50,245

3,290,273

4,974

354,482

14,802

35,446

64,686

100,481

139,067

637,572

1,051,760

739,209

261,787

40,489

684,336

6,338

151,613

12,023

20,734

30,124

40,171

46,561

217,274

168,217

99,514

35,592

5,768

3,225,343

4,655

343,920

14,345

34,426

62,846

97,503

134,800

817,789

1,034,573

727,416

257,113

39,677

724,576

6,426

156,974

12,347

21,451

31,398

42,268

51,510

230,494

178,140

106,156

38,145

6,241

2,234,629

2,320

164,672

6,609

15,506

28,697

45,606

67,854

500,180

767,660

570,654

200,754

28,369

1,686,321

1,073

119,327

3,848

10,126

20,147

33,696

51,508

408,202

683,855

496,821

173,003

24,040

261,062

1,186

41,143

2,586

5,015

8,007

10,953

14,582

77,447

748775

47,463

16,624

2,424

i ,864,068

1,043

115,805

3,731

9,844

19,584

32,693

49,953

399,371

654,451

489,737

170,111

23,550

279,263

1,207

43,503

2,664

5,207

8,379

11,641

15,612

82,985

79,726

51,123

18,056

2,661

650,121

1,923

115,115

5,536

12,224

21,510

32,535

43,310

236,350

255,391

170,206

61,098

10,036

671,842

867

82,006

3,149

7,882

14,938

23,537

32,500

183,210

208,410

140,017

49,351

7,981

139,716

992

29,929

2,201

4,029

5,972

8,091

9,636

44,625

34,894

20,406

7,433

1,237

657,886

845

79,585

3,052

7,644

14,510

22,639

31,540

178,864

204,753

137,606

48,392

7,821

148,604

1,009

31,635

2,268

4,203

6,283

8,586

10,295

47,707

37,067

21,614

8,008

1,344

735,763

4,686

167,779

10,396

20,756

32,703

46,322

57,602

246,441

173,767

98,121

37,265

7,724

512,670

1,849

108,203

5,230

12,141

20,764

30,675

39,373

173,351

125,851

70,997

26,808

5,611

185,356

2,705

54,081

4,838

7,944

10,914

14,154

16,231

62,626

37,392

19,858

7,358

1,338

499,326

1,805

104,678

5,080

11,770

20,176

29,766

38,104

168,574

122,966

69,390

26,221

5,492

194,549

2,735

56,417

4,960

6,193

11,336

14,790

17,138

65,968

39,301

20,945

7,748

1,415

167,270

1,546

41,945

2,962

5,322

8,380

11,440

13,841

58,450

36,467

19,439

7,589

1,812

113,282

662

26,503

1,534

3,107

5,251

7,443

9,168

40,372

25,704

13,392

5,320

1,309

43,801

617

13,773

1,312

1,993

2,797

3559

4,112

15,066

8,080

4,262

i ,495

308

1‘i0s377

665

25,692

1,486

3,026

5,109

7,200

6,67i

39,352

25,064

13,098

5,217

1,289

45,916

630

14,357

1,347

2,060

2,888

3,738

4,324

15,856

8,515

4,472

1,565

321

80,408

730

16,331

1,288

2,326

3,490

5,126

6,101

26,925

18,748

10,444

4,282

946

46,494

317

10,209

624

1,238

1,958

2,667

3,522

15,944

10,826

5,962

2,592

642

31,008

399

7,637

630

1,037

1,439

2,117

2,414

10,113

7,135

4,016

1,465

243

45,446

314

9,987

609

1,219

1,920

2,810

3,429

15,554

10,590

5,814

2,550

637

31,833

402

7,816

644

1,053

1,468

2,160

2,491

10,415

7,328

4,130

1,494

248

89,603

450

13,984

912

1,787

2,743

3,740

4,822

25,364

25,035

16,997

6,595

1,358

59,664

186

8,234

417

950

1,606

2,263

2,996

16,493

17,1’12

12,020

4,713

906

23,393

239

5,050

456

716

995

1,297

1,566

7,795

5,941

3,511

1,217

240

58,240

183

7,973

407

923

1,547

2,193

2,903

16,054

16,749

11,771

4,622

886

24,411

243

5,246

464

735

1.044

1,353

1,650

7,543

6,163

3,672

1,272

252

llncludes races ether than white and black,
~ Monthly VitalStatistics Report ● Voi. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 45

Tabie 31. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began and number of prenatai visits, by race of mother and of chiid

United States, 1990

Month of pregnancy prenatal care begen

No

All 1st and 2d 3d 4th-6th prenatal Not

Number of prenatal visits and race births months montfr months months oars ststed

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-SVMS. ... .. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-10VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14VIWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16vis”m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visiteormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisfta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4v[sits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-8vlsits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e-lovisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12VMSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16vMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T7-18vMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visiteormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noviska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-8VMS..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-Svlalts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-10VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . ..<...... . . . . . .

15-16vlslts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visfteormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notetated, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novkits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4vLslta . . . . . . . $........ . . . . . . .

!5-6Visit s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8vfsite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S-lovisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12VIMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IS-14VMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16VMS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visifa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19vlsltsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novielts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

a-tvisita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%SVieite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6VMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e-lovisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14VMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16VIMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18vlstte . . . . . . . . . ..#... . . . . . .

19visitaormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

80,406

71,871

132,075

“ 246,106

403,569

790,254

1,061,888

622,356

412,322

88,883

131,282

117,181

3,290,273

46,494

43,145

63,261

166,363

296,366

621,781

893,403

534,949

341,463

74,999

106,349

79,700

6s4,336

31,006

24,688

40,792

65,276

S3,120

130,216

126,387

65,972

55,425

10,724

20,581

30,145

3,225,343

45,446

42,104

61,086

162,251

291,897

609,022

877,506

525,677

335,009

73,535

104,056

77,772

724,576

31,833

25,485

42,364

66,182

87,423

138,218

135,704

71,204

59,137

11,603

21,971

31,452

2,234,829

. . .

8,535

15,456

45,996

119,200

361,460

892,053

466,018

319,289

69,276

101,122

29,422

1,886,321

. . .

5,356

9,661

32,063

93,403

298,546

603,402

408,070

269,714

59,416

84,429

22,239

261,062

. . .

2,817

4,963

11,303

19,472

46,002

69,322

42,475

37,679

7.437

13,401

5,991

1,S54,066

. . .

5,240

9,408

31,355

91,653

293,328

593,607

401,552

264,922

58,282

82,757

21,747

279,263

. . .

2,896

5,129

11,764

20,558

49,062

74,618

45,972

40,508

6,075

14,363

6,296

850,121

. . .

6,147

14,730

42,143

84,663

216,086

249,446

114,4W

65,127

14,381

19,348

11,436

671,642

. . .

3,801

26,943

71,746

172,159

205,465

94,958

51,867

11,625

14,635

7,637

139,716

. . .

2,266

4,S36

10,666

17,636

35,366

33,521

15,252

10,6.22

2,225

4,004

3,122

657,886

. . .

3,507

8,759

28,261

70,345

168,577

201,400

93,060

50,703

11,389

14,242

7,643

14s,604

. . .

2,336

5,013

11,147

16,737

37,624

16:418

11,372

2,366

4,276

3,261

735,763

. . .

18,789

53,521

114,065

162,140

193,509

104,840

38,265

25,213

4,655

9,497

11,269

512,670

. . .

10,121

32,518

75,325

113,924

138,696

78,117

22,143

17,944

3,526

6,359

6,797

165,356

. . .

7,713

f7,s49

32,052

39,359

44,644

21,864

7,555

6,313

845

2,633

4,029

493,326

. . .

9,660

31,655

73,400

111,135

135,212

76,047

28,343

17,486

3,422

6,155

6,611

164,549

. . .

lw!

33,482

41,289

47,331

23,253

%%

1,022

2,975

4.149

167,270

. . .

35,530

45,721

40,181

23,175

11,466

4,025

1,430

1,066

166

561

3,947

113,282

. . .

22,528

30,558

27,719

16,496

8,202

2,947

1,066

743

122

367

2,532

43,601

. . .

10,743

12,216

10,070

5,314

2,616

873

289

273

40

166

1,201

110,377

22,005

29,759

27,001

16,038

7,s93

2,s55

1,043

731

119

359

2,474

45,918

. . .

11,166

12,772

10,567

5,650

2,758

E

282

1:

1,242

80,406

S0,406

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

46,484

46,494

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

31,008

31 ,00s

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

45,446

45,446

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

,..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

31,632

31,633

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

89,803

. . .

2,670

2,645

3,721

4,191

6,721

4,524

2,225

1,627

402

771

61,105

59,864

. . .

1,537

1,518

2,293

2,797

3,978

3,472

1,710

1,195

370

559

40,295

23,383

. . .

1,148

928

1,185

1,139

1,380

807

401

338

Iz

15,802

58,240

. . .

1,492

1,465

2,234

2,726

3,912

3,397

1,679

1,167

306

39,287

24,411

. . .

1,1s5

858

1,232

1,189

1,443

S56

422

356

1;

18,504

lltrdudesrscsso+her Urantiltomdblsak.
46 ~ Monthly Vitai Statistics Report. Voi, 41, No. 9(S). February 25, 1993

Table 32. Live births by period of gestation and birth weight, by race of mother and of child: United States, 1990

Period of gestation

42

weeks

All Under 28 28-31 32-35 36 37-39

Birth weigtrtl and race birlhs

40 41 and Not

weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks over atsted

Allracesz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499grams. ..,..... . . . . . . . .

4,50fl--4,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-l,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-l,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-8,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000+,499grama, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-l,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-l,999grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3.,499grems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-8,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-l,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500–l,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499grama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lesathan500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999grame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-l,499grama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-l,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-S,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499grems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500-4,999grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000gramsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,158,212

5,555

20,533

26,827

55,087

181,416

665,737

1,524,675

1,220,843

378,003

66,178

8,054

5,304

3,290,273

3,010

11,791

16,513

35,540

120,325

468,339

1,191,605

1,036,984

335,641

59,654

7,039

3,632

664,336

2,405

8,143

9,405

17,531

53,039

161,159

257,979

137,613

30,531

4,561

719

1,251

3,225,343

2,932

11,503

16,093

34,663

117,594

457,696

1,167,401

1,018,046

329,924

58,622

6,932

3,735

724,576

2,460

8,336

9,715

18,737

54,617

167,653

272,633

149,237

34,241

5,252

789

1,306

29,237

5,099

14,797

4,454

1,551

1,034

1,556

746

15,888

2,766

6,312

2,450

686

481

755

43i

12,576

2,210

6,082

1,890

817

528

761

28~

15,477

2,694

8,102

2,;:;

466

738

425

12,859

2,261

6,224

1,936

629

538

773

296

49,891

199

4,179

13,349

11,376

5,359

5,824

6,278

3,115

21;

29,485

2,4%

8,348

7,162

2,756

2,630

3,551

2,054

13;

18,592

1,5:;

4,574

3,853

2,405

2,667

2,425

922

6=

28,802

2,4:;

6,165

6,990

2,711

2,796

3,457

2,010

13;

19,094

1,6%

4,707

3,982

2,443

2,748

2,467

955

7;

208,586

6%

5,688

25,704

54,128

53,796

43,284

19,707

4,371

701

122

235

138,042

3:;

3,782

16,949

36,588

35,034

27,386

13,776

3,314

536

1%

61,002

20:

1,897

7,823

15,414

16,256

13,469

4,876

840

131

28

55

134,952

3$

3,672

16,540

35,817

34,237

26,770

13,497

3,239

524

1%

63,130

2oi

1,972

6,103

15,931

18,795

13,913

5,075

898

140

30

58

579,207 465,681

3

3::

1,148

6,157

51,971

162,541

164,825

62,112

12,67’3

1,5g7

285

46,818

272

563

507

849

2,396

7,612

16,083

12,147

3,801

726

150

1,770

35,052

115

329

294

506

1,476

5,056

12,073

9,963

3,254

630

114

1,240

7,765

1%

166

267

717

‘1,773

2,453

1,248

302

52

4:2

33,996

110

322

280

1,::

4,875

11,721

9,675

3,170

616

111

1,213

8,382

1::

182

297

761

1,872

2,649

1,422

345

60

4%

148,876

5

6::

4,384

23,934

52,814

44,672

17,567

3,984

631

113

133

107,160

22

406

2,892

16,153

37,862

32,688

13,281

3,147

512

94

96

35,037

i

201

1,292

6,764

12,602

9,922

3,483

636

84

::

104,921

4

3::

2,830

15,800

37,064

32,038

12,996

3,::;

::

36,547

1

21:

1,326

6,982

13,126

10,403

3,669

683

93

;:

1,701,145 928,773

1E

1,207

8,156

66,669

339,369

708,567

448,164

108,790

16,569

2,131

1,099

5

2%

1,233

12,936

101,257

348,853

335,257

108,153

18,250

1,998

473

706

6,603

51,518

194,397

220,061

86,792

16,608

1,943

351

1,333,165

11?

738

5,387

44,476

240,217

552,973

377,046

95.087

765,144

3

48

487,645 378,692

3:

13

421

182

788

8,606

72,489

276.325

289,114

96,607

16,627

1,771

382

192

749

4,442

37,516

157,415

191,629

78,742

15,284

1,757

289

5,345

36,528

127,192

140,121

55,290

11,551

1,449

238

14;512

1,766

841

285,133

4:

418

2,447

19,111

79,390

118,910

52,970

9,896

1,477

255

207

124,672

2

70,210

—

69,349

—

10

2::

1,878

11,509

28,561

21,086

5,760

909

137

45

18

96

3!56

2,510

13,053

26,505

1;,;::

’763

%

13

100

398

3,712

23,128

53,734

34,111

p:

’171

64

1,307,460

5

750,742

3

1%

767

8,413

70,871

272,738

283,977

95,295

16,342

1,740

478,413 370,578

3

113

717

5,256

43,434

235,001

542,122

370,482

93,507

14,256

1,744

823

29

116 1%

719

5,212

35,615

124,329

137,241

54,226

11,353

1,428

231

407

4,325

36,697

154,226

188,170

77,405

15,030

1,730

“374 276

300,909

4

4::

133,257 75,860 74,536

1;

2%

1,946

12,029

30,482

23,162

6,605

1,075

152

49

1&

368

2,565

13,635

30,314

20,723

5,7’12

913

109

40

“267 “189

216 66

‘Equivalentsofthe gramweightsIn pounds and ounces are shown In the Technicalnotes.

‘Includes races other than white and black.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Reporl ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~ 47

Table 33. Live births by 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, by race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States end the District

of Columbla, 1990

5-mhute score

l-minute score Not

and race Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races’ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

2... ,,, , . . . . . . . ... .,

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. . ...!.. . . . . . . . . . . .

::::::::::::::::::::

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

lo::::::::::::::::::

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3..,,.. . . . . . . ,,,... .

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

9:::::::::::::::::::

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.,...,. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

5:::::::::::::::::::

6..,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,,,..., . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

lo::::::::::::::::::

Notstated. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

::::::::::::::::::::

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 ,....., ,..,... . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;:::::::::::::::::::

10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. . . ...! . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3..,.., . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

lo::::::::::::::::::

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,161,512

2,496

20,366

20,799

27,107

38,556

59,450

102,274

278,629

1,259,930

1,317,642

26,513

25,546

2,483,345

1,469

12,900

14,043

19,009

27,926

43,957

76,496

222,726

1,005,239

1,016,875

23,290

17,411

586,690

940

6,640

6,081

7,271

9,529

13,681

20,701

47,595

210,099

252,753

4,462

6,936

2,440,903

1,451

12,644

13,772

18,830

27,437

43,161

77,159

219,052

967,642

999,727

23,007

17,021

614,901

948

7,042

6,271

7,525

9,861

14,206

21,560

49,980

221,449

264,246

4,609

7,174

2,436

967

722

151

52

27

1:

44

161

273

16

1

1,433

504

433

84

25

13

4

6

27

125

194

15

1

918

425

267

65

25

13

2

1:

33

67

2

i ,413

498

427

62

24

13

4

8

26

125

190

15

1

930

428

272

66

25

13

2

5

:!

66

2

6,754

354

5,028

775

229

76

40

23

33

62

67

6

41

3,875

240

2,628

446

125

39

24

11

23

42

65

5

27

2,712

104

2,078

314

94

32

16

12

6

16

21

1

14

3,791

237

2,768

435

122

37

24

11

22

42

63

4

26

2,780

105

2,131

319

97

34

16

12

1:

22

2

15

3,147

224

1,032

1,261

226

101

55

40

46

70

48

3

21

1,815

129

625

698

137

59

;:

23

37

36

3

12

1,250

90

386

544

85

41

22

14

16

30

11

9

1,779

128

613

680

136

57

31

25

22

36

36

3

12

1,277

91

396

558

85

42

22

15

18

30

11

9

3,217

190

1,333

747

536

97

69

55

71

57

32

26

2,002

135

831

455

336

57

37

33

46

37

18

17

1,125

46

459

270

194

39

30

21

23

19

13

1;

1,952

132

816

441

327

55

34

33

43

36

18

17

1,164

47

472

260

4,745

170

1,536

1,303

765

401

122

96

106

116

75

2

29

3,056

107

1,009

633

500

266

78

50

72

74

47

1

21

1,543

59

479

432

264

125

41

43

32

36

23

1

8

2,969

105

984

817

469

261

75

46

71

72

47

1

21

1,597

61

502

446

271

128

43

45

::

23

:

8,650

129

1,887

2,050

1,960

1,213

671

169

173

235

110

3

30

5,625

83

1,160

1,346

1,305

820

451

109

105

153

77

3

13

2,743

45

656

623

622

381

196

55

63

72

31

17

5,525

62

1,143

1,314

1,280

812

439

107

103

152

77

3

13

2,823

44

667

650

645

369

206

57

63

73

32

17

19,631

103

2,330

3,156

3,692

4,175

3,372

1,564

391

404

194

4

46

13,459

66

1,520

2,099

2,620

2,902

2,362

1,142

273

314

132

3

24

5,617

31

730

957

1,168

1,170

909

393

105

78

53

2;’

13,176

67

1,462

2,050

2,573

2,639

2,316

1,122

263

306

131

3

24

5,805

32

756

989

1,198

1,214

940

405

110

84

54

1

22

49,121

2,1%

3,409

5,381

7,711

10,968

11,326

5,779

1,650

587

4

68

35,535

42

1,448

2,345

3,716

5,447

7,938

6,465

4,431

1,256

393

2

50

12,177

24

632

957

1,504

2,049

2,732

2,570

1,175

335

162

2

35

34,923

41

1,418

2,304

3,627

5,351

7,811

8,327

4,369

1,240

385

2

48

12,567

24

653

981

1,558

2,116

2,813

2,658

1,213

343

168

3:

231,226

62

2,161

3,997

6,942

11,495

19,561

38,057

79,996

66,522

2,146

22

176,499

45

1,519

2,866

4,960

8,433

14,442

26,667

63,123

52,421

1,650

20

133

45,440

31

563

1,026

1,737

2,725

4,529

6,075

14,502

11,738

419

9:

175,418

45

1,489

2,815

4,685

8,272

14,148

28,392

62,053

51,544

1,624

19

132

47,434

31

566

1,061

1,798

2,827

4,724

6,375

15,214

12,265

436

3

94

2,365,996

118

1,974

3,672

6,755

12,757

23,630

48,944

165,392

1,148,293

938,501

278

682

1,841,566

68

1,390

2,675

5,016

9,487

17,832

38,136

146,830

909,619

707,670

236

427

440,011

47

515

835

1,505

2,886

5,029

9,236

30,606

192,793

196,106

34

219

1,609,064

66

1,370

2,841

4,922

9,342

17,533

37,464

146,361

893,652

695,077

235

419

461,668

47

531

661

1,572

2,983

5,228

9,694

32,406

203,273

204,83Q

34

227

461,192

49

65

160

237

441

885

1,897

6,686

47,106

375,248

28,123

295

379,060

24

52

132

197

366

714

1,567

5,703

40,981

306,165

22,969

170

66,522

24

13

26

35

1:

256

814

4,881

55,743

4,405

111

373,647

24

52

130

196

361

703

1,560

5,648

40,460

301,654

22,689

170

69,767

24

13

27

38

1:

271

5,E

56,483

4,550

111

25,397

43

151

98

90

62

70

88

110

254

341

46

24,042

17,396

24

85

64

50

37

44

65

72

180

228

33

16,518

6,632

14

62

32

38

23

24,

21

35

66

104

6,3;

17,006

24

82

63

49

37

43

64

71

177

225

33

16,138

7,069

14 “

83

33

39

23

25

22

%

106

14

6,824

i Includes reces other than white and black.

NOTE: Excludes data for California, Oklahoma, and Texas, which did not require reporting of either 1-or 5-minute Apgar score.
48 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993

Table 34. Live births by 5-minute Apgar score and age of mother, by race of mother and of child: Total of 47 reporting States and the

District of Coiumbia, 1990

5-minute score

Age of mother Not

and race Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 stated

2,436

11

6,754

44

1,187

94

153

3,147

22

518

28

70

101

137

182

837

926

572

3,217

26

572

39

73

4,745

43

8,650

1,4E

96

160

255

432

493

2,389

2,342

1,594

682

126

9

5,625

17

807

36

91

140

260

260

1,507

1,613

1,117

472

66

6

2,743

34

609

60

65

101

161

202

818

660

407

161

32

2

5,525

17

789

35

69

138

258

271

1,474

1,589

1,100

466

84

6

2,823

34

627

61

66

103

166

211

845

679

419

184

33

2

19,631

91

3,317

195

444

627

909

1,142

5,483

5,406

3,599

1,443

274

18

13,459

21

1,967

76

242

383

527

739

3,602

3,936

2,675

1,038

209

11

5,817

67

1,284

111

186

234

364

389

1,756

1,326

796

335

50

3

13,176

21

1,917

22

380

511

714

3,514

3,870

2,825

1,013

205

11

5,605

67

1,321

111

191

237

374

408

1,815

1,361

836

350

52

3

461,192

1,027

51,847

2,546

5,371

9,658

14,505

19,765

116,958

146,847

103,101

35,913

5,352

147

379,060

385

36,197

1,330

3,320

6,579

10,333

14,635

92,445

125,331

89,2Il7

30,853

4,523

119

66,522

621

14,519

1,168

1,934

2,867

3,875

4,675

21,317

18,347

9,671

. 3,464

569

14

373,847

374

35,3I36

1,300

3,239

6,443

10,105

14,279

90,853

123,926

88,275

30,469

4,465

117

69,7Ei7

8310

15,110

1,1E17

1,995

2,961

4,043

4,924

22,405

17,139

10,215

3,661

592

15

25,397

118

3,290

207

417

635

883

1,148

6,642

7,265

5,349

2,262

461

10

17,398

42

1,795

77

187

336

503

692

4,230

5,189

4,046

1,734

352

6

6,832

70

1,358

121

210

276

347

404

2,085

1,750

1,060

426

82

1

17,006

1,7:

1:

320

483

666

4,109

5,103

3,970

1,706

343

8

7,069

72

1,403

122

213

286

365

417

2,140

1,605

1,121

441

86

1

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . .

16-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years. . .,, ,, ...,.

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

4C-44years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother

White, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . .

16years, . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years, . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeara-. . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5+9 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years. .,, . . . . . . . .

Race of child

3,181,512

6,995

396,222

20,878

43,507

73,843

110,449

147,547

828,267

986,796

684,479

240,181

35,477

1,095

2,483,345

3,153

254,011

9.746

49,121

218

7,778

477

927

1,455

2,169

2,750

13,598

14,037

9,154

3,704

612

20

35,535

72

4,781

224

486

889

1,379

1,803

9,583

10,752

7,125

2,745

465

12

12,177

138

2,807

246

419

536

735

871

3,700

2,863

1,741

807

116

5

34,923

72

4,658

217

473

873

1,345

1,750

9,361

10,621

7,024

2,699

456

12

12,587

138

2,868

251

430

548

758

901

3,835

2,950

1,800

628

123

5

231,226

820

32,648

1,833

3,718

6,148

9,191

11,956

63,185

68,592

45,773

17,141

2,760

87

178,499

304

21,614

847

2,168

3,894

6,209

6,496

47,214

55,632

37,563

13,660

2,209

63

45,440

497

10,341

928

1,443

2,067

2,725

3,158

14,174

10,793

6,647

2,518

452

16

175,418

302

21,081

831

2,122

3,799

6,054

8,275

46,268

54,809

37,065

13,651

2,160

82

47,434

499

10,719

940

1,478

2,149

2,841

3,311

14,832

11,271

6,968

2,652

474

19

2,385,996

6,523

355 788

22

42

63

95

133

680

683

466

61

94

149

15;276

32,018

54,414

81,437

109,121

614,460

736,840

512,063

177,452

25,696

798

1,841,586

2,266

185,096

7,055

17,648

33,152

52,907

74,334

454,405

602,651

428,896

147,061

20,647

564

440,011

4,091

99,019

7,766

13,523

19,765

26,263

31,682

140,616

107,500

62,937

22,240

3,470

136

1,809,084

2,207

179,951

8,843

17,192

32,257

51,429

72,230

444,301

594,125

422,906

144,794

20,248

552

461,668

4,141

102,869

7,921

13,860

20,464

27,387

33,257

147,880

112,834

66,520

23,586

3,715

143

238 100

306

396

1,832

1,743

1,290

572

85

1

3,675

10

578

33

73

111

143

218

960

1,049

835

160

200

871

833

635

225

259

1,332

1,260

863

199 226 232 353

38

4

1,433

42

2

1,815

7

247

14

28

43

84

100

476

548

365

143

28

1

1,250

48

2

2,002

10

312

15

38

60

85

114

538

533

431

145

32

1

1,125

65

1

3,056

16

444

33

45

67

134

165

812

676

6t.3

248

48

1

1,543

27

319

27

45

76

83

88

487

372

237

67

14

2,969

3

173

6

24

34

45

64

359

439

309

116

32

2

916

6

180

16

18

29

50

87

303

217

139

66

5

45;668

72,569

101,640

616,151

808,549

573,204

198,801

28,688

788

588,690

5,616

131,537

10,539

16,016

26,206

34,909

41,885

186,712

143,100

84,444

30,459

4,640

182

366

57

2,712

32 15 16

248

22

34

38

74

60

317

274

160

77

12

593 260

60

76

122

160

175

613

841

423

163

26

1

3,791

9

14

43

57

72

74

344

357

186

75

12

,413

3

171

6

23

34

44

84

353

433

305

114

32

2

930

8

180

16

16

29

51

66

307

222

141

67

5

1Includes races other than white and black.

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,440,903 ,779

7

,952

9

304

14

38

59

80

113

519

525

422

140

32

1

,164

17

252

23

34

39

76

60

331

262

166

61

12

1

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years.......,,,..

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

3C-34years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years.........,,.

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

3S39years. . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,077

247,190

9,476

23,734

44,515

70,840

96,625

602,992

797,431

585,495

195,790

26,156

772

614,901

5,681

136,576

10,735

18,472

27,078

38,361

43,930

196,076

149,946

89,073

32,209

5,146

192

16

426

31

44

65

129

157

796

861

603

239

46

,597

27

560 240

33

70

107

141

209

957

1,027

621

14

26

40

63

97

465

540

359

360 139

28

1

57

2,780

33

,277

15

609 265 333

60

79

126

161

183

831

14

43

56

73

77

29

45

78

66

95

501

381

244

94

18

1

354

365

186

859

433

188

26

1

77

12

NOTE Excludes data for Calitornla, Oklahoma, and Texae, which did not require reporting of 5-minule Apgar score.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~49

Technical notes

Source of data

Data shown in this report for 1990

are based on 100percent of the birth

certificates in all States and the District of Columbia. The data are provided to the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) through the

Vital Statistics Cooperative Program

(VSCP). In 1984 and earlier years, the

VSCP included varying numbers of

States that provided data based on

100percent of their birth certificates.

Data for States not in the VSCP were

based on a 50-percent sample of birth

certificates filed in those States. Information on sampling procedures and

sampling errors for 1984 and earlier

years is provided in the annual report,

Wal Stattitics of the United States,

Volume I, Natality.

The 1989 revision of the U.S.

Standard Certificate of Live Birth

includes items to identi~ the Hispanic

or ethnic origin of the newborn’s

mother and father. Data for Hispanic

origin shown in this report are for the

48 States and the District of Columbia

that reported this information in 1990.

Race

Beginning with the 1989data year,

NCHS is tabulating its birth data primarily by race of the mother. In 1988

and prior years, births were tabulated

by the race of the child, which was

determined from the race of the parents as entered on the birth certificate.

When the parents were of the same

race, as was the case for 96.5 percent

of births in 1990, the race of the child

was the same as the race of the parents, When the parents were of different races and one parent was white,

the child was assigned to the other

parent’s race, When the parents were

of different races and neither parent

was white, the child was assigned to

the father’s race, with one exception–if either parent was Hawaiian,

the child was assigned to Hawaiian, If

race was missing for one parent, the

child was assigned the race of the

parent for whom race was reported.

The most important factor influencing the decision to tabulate births

by race of the mother was the recent

revision of the birth certificate, effective with the 1989 data year. This revision includes many more health

questions that are directly associated

with the mother (for example, method

of delivery,medical risk factors for this

pregnancy, tobacco and alcohol use

during pregnancy, and maternal

weight gain). Additionally, many of the

other items on the birth certificate for

more than two decades also relate

directly to the mother, for example,

educational level and receipt of prenatal care. In all these instances, it is

more appropriate to tabulate births by

the mother’s race,

A second factor has been the

increasing incidence of interracial parentage, In 1990, 3.5 percent of births

were to parents of different races compared with just LOpercent in 1968,

The majority of these births were to

white mothers and fathers of another

race. There have been two major consequences of the increasing interracial

parentage. One is the effect on birth

rates by race. The number of white

births under the pre-1989 procedures

has been arbitrarily limited to infants

whose parents were both white (or one

parent white if only one parent’s race

was reported). At the same time, the

number of births of other races has

been arbitrarily increased to include

all births to white mothers and fathers

of other races. Thus, if race of mother

had been used, birth rates per 1,000

white women in a given age group

would have been higher while comparable rates for black women and

women of other races would have been

lower. The other consequence of

increasing interracial parentage is its

impact on the racial differential in various characteristics of births, particularly in cases where there is generally a

large racial disparity, such as the incidence of low birth weight. In this

instance, the racial differential is

smaller when the data are tabulated by

race of child than by race of mother,

The same effect has been noted for

characteristics such as nonmarital

childbearing, preterm births, late or no

prenatal care, and low educational

attainment of mother.

The third factor influencing the

decision to tabulate births by race of

mother is the growing proportion of

births with race of father not stated,

15 percent in 1990 compared with

7 percent in 1968. This reffects the

increase in the proportion of births to

unmarried women; in many such cases,

no information is reported on the

father, These births are already

assigned the race of the mother

because there is no alternative. Tabulating births by race of mother provides for a more uniform approach,

rather than a necessarily arbitrary

combination of parental races, This

topic is discussed in greater detail in

two recent papers (19,20).

This change in the tabulation of

births by race presents challenges to

those analyzing birth data by race; particularly trend data. The problem is

likely to be acute for races other than

white and black. To facilitate continuity and analysis of the data, key

published tabulations for births in

1989 and 1990, including all trend

tables, show data for both race of

mother and race of child. This makes it

possible to distinguish the effects of

this change from real changes in the

data. The text in this report focuses on

data tabulated by race of mother.

When the trend in rates is discussed,

the rates are those tabulated by race of

mother. Rates and other measures tabulated by race of mother for years

prior to 1989 will be published in a

future report.

Population denominators

Birth and fertility rates for 1990

shown in tables 1, 3-5, 12, 24, and 28

are based on populations enumerated

in the 1990 census as of April 1. The

population figures have been published by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census (9). The 1990 census counts by

race were modified to be consistent

with Office of Management and

Budget categories and historical categories for birth data, The modification

procedures are described in detail in

the census report (9).

Birth rates for 1981-89 have been

revised, effective with this report, The
50 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No, 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

revised rates are based on revised populations for these years, which are consistent with 1990 census levels. These

populations are published in a Bureau

of the Census report (21).

A comparison of the revised rates

with the rates originally published for

1981–89 indicates that the revised

rates for women under 25 ‘years of age

are generally lower than the original

rates, while for women aged 25 years

and over, the revised rates are somewhat higher than the original rates.

Birth and fertility rates by month

shown in table 8 are based on monthly

population estimates and on the 1990

census count. Rates for unmarried

women shown in tables 16 and 17 are

based on distributions of the population by marital status as of March 1990

(2), published by the U.S. Bureau of

the Census, which have been adjusted

to July 1990 population levels (21) by

the Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS.

Birth and fertility rates for the

Hispanic population, shown in

table 24, are based on tabulations of

the Hispanic population from the 1990

census (9). Data for New Hampshire

and Oklahoma are excluded from the

population counts because these

States did not report Hispanic origin

on the birth certificate in 1990.

Computation of rates

In computing birth rates by livebirth order, births with birth order not

stated were distributed in the same

proportion as births of known livebirth order within each age of mother

classification. This procedure is done

separately by race. A similar process is

followed for computing birth rates by

age of father; births with age of father

not stated are distributed first within

each age-of-mother group.

In computing birth and fertility

rates for the Hispanic population,

births with origin of mother not stated

are included with non-Hispanic births

rather than being distributed. Thus,

rates for the Hispanic population are

underestimates of the true rates to the

extent that the births with origin not

stated (1.0 percent) were actually to

Hispanic mothers. The population

with origin not stated was imputed.

The effect on the rates is believed to

be small.

Births by marital status of

mother

Beginning with the 1980 data year,

national estimates of births to unmarried women have been derived from

two sources. In 1990 marital status was

reported directly on the birth certificates of 44 States and the District of

Columbia. In the remaining six States

that lack such an item (California,

Connecticut, Michigan, Nevada, New

York, and Texas), marital status is

inferred from a comparison of the

child’s and parents’ surnames. This

procedure represents a substantial

departure from the method used

before 1980 to prepare national estimates of births to unmarried women,

which assumed that the incidence of

births to unmarried women in States

with no direct question on marital

status was the same as the incidence in

reporting States in the same geographic division.

The current method represents an

attempt to use related information on

the birth certificate to improve the

quality of national data as well as to

provide data for the individual nonreporting States. An evaluation of this

method and its validity for California

(the largest nonreporting State) has

been published (22). Because of the

continued substantial increases in nonmarital childbearing throughout the

1980’s, the data have been intensively

evaluated by the Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS. There has been continuing concern that the current

method might overstate the number of

births to unmarried women because it

incorporates data based on a comparison of surnames, This is because

women who have retained their

maiden surname after marriage and

who are frequently older, welleducated women would be classified as

unmarried. The results of this evaluation have been generally similar in

both the reporting States and the

States using inferential data, but births

to unmarried women increased at a

slightly faster rate in the States

providing inferential data than in the

States with a marital status item on the

birth certificate, This was the case for

births to unmarried white wc~men, but

births to unmarried black women

increased slightly more in the

reporting States than in the States providing inferential data,

Birth weight

Birth weight is reported in some

areas in pounds and ounces rather

than in grams, However, the metric

system has been used in tabulating and

presenting the statistics to facilitate

comparison with data published by

other groups. Equivalents of the gram

weights in terms of pounds and ounces

are as follows:

Less than 500 grams = 1 lb 1 oz or less

500-999 &dms = 1 lb 202-2 lb 302

1,000-1,499grams = 2 lb 4 OZ-3lb 4 oz

1,500-1,999grams = 3 lb 5 OZ-4lb 6 oz

2,000-2,499grams = 4 lb 702-5 lb 8 oz

2,500-2,999grams = 5 lb 9 OZ-6 lb 9 oz

3,000-3,499grams = 6 lb 1002-.7 lb 11 oz

3,500-3,999grams = 7 lb 1202-8 lb 13 oz

4,000-4,499grams = 8 lb 1402-9 lb 14 oz

4,500-4,999grams = 9 lb 15 OZ-11lb Ooz

5,000grams or more = 11 lb 1 oz or more

Period of gestation and birth

weight

The 1989 revision of the U.S.

Standard Certificate of Live Birth

includes a new item, “clinical estimate

of gestation,” that is being compared

with length of gestation computed

from the date the last normal menstrual period (LMP) began when the

latter appears to be inconsistent with

birth weight. This is done for normal

weight births of apparently sh~ortgestations and very low birth weight births

reported to be full term. The clinical

estimate was also used if the LMP date

was not reported, The period of gestation for 3.9 percent of the ,births in

1990 was based on the clinical estimate

of gestation, For all but 0.2 percent of

the records, the clinical estimate was

used because the LMP date was not

reported. For the remaining 0.2 percent, the clinical estimate was used

because it was compatible with the

reported birth weight, whereas the

LMP-based gestation was not. In cases

where the reported birth weight was
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~51

inconsistent with both the LMPcomputed gestation and the clinical

estimate of gestation, the LMPcomputed gestation was used and birth

weight was reclassified as “not stated.”

This was necessary for onIy about 600

births, or 0.01 percent of all birth

records in 1990. The levels of the

adjustments made for the 1990 data

are very comparable to those for the

1989 data.

Computations of percents,

percent distributions, and

medians

Births with unknown live-birth

order, attendant at birth, educational

attainment of mother, nativi~ of

mother, month of pregnancy prenatal

care began, number of prenatal visits,

birth weight, length of gestation, and

1- and 5-minute Apgar scores were

subtracted from the figures for total

births that were used as denominators

before percents, percent distributions,

and medians were computed. In the

case of birth intervals, the percent distributions exclude the second- or laterborn child in a multiple delivery

(interval of O months). Percent distributions and the median number of

prenatal visits also exclude births to

mothers who had no prenatal care.

Computations of the median years of

school completed and the median

number of prenatal visits were based

on ungrouped data. An asterisk is

shown in place of any derived statistic

based on fewer than 20 births in the

numerator or denominator.

Random variation

Although the birth data in this

report for births since 1985 are not

subject to sampIing error, they maybe

affected by random variation in the

number of births involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps Iess

than 100), and the probability of such

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. More information on this topic is

included in the Technical Appendix of

the annual natality report (23).

Related reports

Throughout this report, reference

has been made to the 1989 revision of

the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live

Birth. This report describes birth rates

and characteristics of births that have

been based on data available on previous versions of the birth certificate.

A second supplement to the Monthly

fital Statktics Report for 1990 birth

data will be pubIished and will present

summary data on all the new topics

included on the revised birth certificate. A similar report was published

for 1989 (11).

The seeond supplement will

incIude data on method of delivery,

tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal weight gain, obstetric

procedures, medical risk factors, complications of labor and deIivexy,

abnormal conditions of the newborn,

and congenital anomalies of the child.

Many of the topics discussed in

this report are covered in more analytic detail in other reports published

by NCHS. Topics of reports published

in the past 5 years include first births

to older mothers (l), low birth weight

(24), birth rates by educational attainment (5), births of Hispanic parentage

(25), and twin births (12). AIso available is a report evaluating inferred

birth statistics for unmarried women in

California (22).
52 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 9(S) ● February 25, 1993 ~

This report presents summary tabulations from the final natality statistics for 1990.

More detailed tabulations for 1990 will be published in T@zlStatrktics of the United

States, Voh.me I–Natality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National

Center for Health Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever

possible.

Suggested citation Copyright information National Center for Heslth Statistics

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance All material appearing in this report is in the Director

report of final natality statistics, 1990. Monthly public domain and may be reproduced or

vitai statistics report; vol 41 no 9, suppl.

Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H.

oopied without permission; citation as to

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. source, however, is appreciated. Acting Deputy Director

1993. Jack R. Anderson
Vol. 41, No. 7, Supplement ● January 7, 1993

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/Nat[onaI Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1990

Selected contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deaths and death rates . . . . . 2

Expectation of life . . . . . . . . . . 3

Cause ofdeath . . . . . . . . . . ...4

HIVinfection . . . . . . . . . . . ...8

Hispanic deaths . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Drug-induced deaths . . . . . . 9

Alcohol-induced deaths . . . . 9

MaritaI status . . . . . . . . . . . . ...9

Educational attainment . . . . . . 9

Infant mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Hispanic infant mortality . . . 11

Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . . 11

Report of autopsy . . . . . . . . . 11

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ll

List of detailed tables . . . . . . 13

Teci?nical notes . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Highligf ks

In 1990, 2,148,463 deaths were

registered in the United States, 19,536

fewer than the record high number of

2,167,999 deaths recorded in 1988 and

2,003 fewer deaths than in 1989. The

death rate for 1990 was 863.8 deaths

per 100,000 population, 1 percent

below the rate of 871.3 in 1989 and

3 percent below the rate in 1988. Provisional data for 1991 suggest that the

death rate continued to decline.

The age-adjusted death rate,

which eliminates the effects of the

aging of the population, was at a

record low of 520.2 per 100,000 population, 1.5 percent below the 1989 rate

of 528.0 and 4 percent below the 1988

rate of 539.9. The age-adjusted rate

decreased for the white and black populations between 1989 and 1990. For

most of the 10-year age groups for

males and all of the age groups for

females, death rates declined between

1989 and 1990, but they increased for

males aged 15–24 years, 35-44 years,

and slightly for those aged 85 years

and over. The cause of death contributing most to the increase in death

rates for the white population and the

black population aged 15-24 years was

Homicide and legal intervention; and

for the white population aged 35-44

years, Human immunodeficiency virus

infection (HIV infection).

In 1990, life expectancy at birth

reached’ a record high of 75.4 years.

The difference in life expectancy for

males and females widened 0.2 years

in 1990 after narrowing between 1984

and 1989. Women currently are

expected to outlive men by an average

of 7.0 years. For the white and black

populations, Iife expectancy increased,

narrowing the gap between the two

race groups from 7.1 in 1989 to 7.0

years in 1990. Although life expectancy

for black males increased in 1990 for

the first time since 1984, i~is still below

the peak attained in 1984.

As in previous years, the first four

leading causes of death accounted for

almost 70 percent of deaths— Diseases

of heart; Malignant neoplasms,

incIuding neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues (cancer); CerebrovascuIar diseases (stroke); and

Accidents and adverse effects. Ageadjusted death rates for 7 of the 15

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics. Brenda S. Gillum and Bcttie L. Hudson, Mortality Statistics Branch, wrote the report.

Kenneth Kochanck provided special analysis tables. Thomas Dunn provided statistical tables and content review. Charles E. Roycr provided

computer programming support. The Registration Methods Branch and the Technical Services Branch provided consultation to State vitaI

statistics offices regarding collection of the death cc.rtificatc data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Patricia Keaton-WiIliams

and typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Scrviccs.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers

National

for Disease

Center for

Control

Health

and

Statistics

Prevention cmCENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL

AND PREVENTION
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

leading causes of death declined

between 1989 and 1990, led by reductions for Atherosclerosis. Heart disease, the leading cause of death in the

United States, and stroke, the third

leading cause of death, continued their

long-term declines. Mortality for

Motor vehicle accidents, a component

of Accidents and adverse effects, also

declined between 1989 and 1990.

Increases in age-adjusted death

rates for leading causes of death

between 1989 and 1990 were led by

HIV infection and Homicide and legal

intervention. Mortality from HIV

infection, which became the 10th

leading cause of death in the United

States, increased by 13 percent; and

from Homicide and legal intervention,

the Ilth leading cause, by 9 percent.

Age-adjusted death rates also

increased for Suicide (1.8 percent);

Pneumonia and influenza (1.4 percent); Diabetes mellitus (0.9 percent);

Chronic pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions (0.5 percent); and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms

of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

(0.4 percent). Among other causes, the

age-adjusted death rate for alcoholinduced causes decreased by 1 percent

between 1989 and 1990, while the rate

for drug-induced causes fell by

12 percent.

The age-adjusted death rate for

males was about 74 percent higher

than that for females for all causes of

death combined, For each of the 15

leading causes of death, male mortality

also was higher. The greatest sex differential was for HIV infection, where

the age-adjusted rate for males was 8.4

times that for females, The smallest

sex differential was for Diabetes melIitus, with a male-to-female ratio of

1.1.

Overall, the black population had

age-adjusted death rates that exceeded

those of the white population by about

60 percent. Rates also were higher for

most of the leading causes of death.

The largest race differential continued

to be for Homicide and legal intervention, for which the age-adjusted rate

for the black population was about

seven times that of the white population. The two leading causes that had

lower rates for the black population

were Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions and Suicide.

In 1990, there were differences in

the leading causes of death between

the Hispanic and the non-Hispanic

white populations in an area comprised of 45 States, New York State

(excluding New York City), and the

District of Columbia. Although the

two Ieading causes of death – Diseases

of heart and cancer —were the same

for the two population groups, substantial differences exist in the ranking

of other leading causes.

The infant mortality rate (9.2

infant deaths per 1,000 live births)

reached a record low in 1990. The

decline in the rate occurred for white

and black infants, Neonatal mortality

rates declined for white infants while

postneonatal mortality rates declined

for white and black infants. In 1990,

the infant mortality rate for black

infants remained at more than twice

that for white infants. The ratio of

black-to-white infant mortality rates

has increased since the early 1970’s

when the mortality rates for black

infants was 1.8 times that for white

infants.

Deaths and death rates

Death rates and life table values

for 1990 are based on the 1990 census

enumeration. All death rates and life

table values for 1981-89 contained in

this report have been revised, using

intercensal population estimates based

on the 1990 census of population.

Therefore, they are not comparable

with the death rates and life table

values in previous National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) reports and

publications containing those data for

1981–89 (see Technical notes).

In 1990, a total of 2,148,463 deaths

occurred in the United States, 19,536

fewer than in 1988 and 2,003 fewer

deaths than in 1989. The 1988 total of

2,167,999 deaths is the largest final

number ever recorded. The decrease

in the number of deaths between 1989

and 1990 reflects lower mortality for a

number of age groups and causes of

death. The death rate for 1990, 863.8

per 100,000 population, was 3 percent

lower than the rate of 886.7 in 1988.

Provisional data for 1991 suggest that

the death rate continued to decline (1),

The age-adjusted death, rate of

520.2 deaths per 100,000 population in

1990 was a record low, about 4 percent

below the rate of 539.9 for 1988 and

11 percent below the rate for 1980 (figure 1). Age-adjusted death rates show

what the level of mortality would be if

no changes occurred in the age composition of the population from year to

year. Thus, they are better indicators

than unadjusted death rates for

showing changes in the risk of death

over a duration when the age distribution of the population is changing.

Also, they are better indicators of risk

when comparisons of mortali~ are

being made for sex or race subgroups

of the population that have different

age compositions. Since 1980, the ageadjusted death rate has decreased

every year except 1985 and 1988, years

when major influenza outbreaks

increased mortality in the United

States.

Death rates by age, sex, and race

Between 1989 and 1990, death

rates for both sexes combined declined

for all of the 10-year age groups except

15-24 and 35-44 years (table A). The

largest decrease (7 percent) occurred

for the age group 5-14 years, and the

largest increase (2 percent) occurred

for those aged 15-24 years.

For the white population, death

rates declined between 1989 and 1990

for all age groups except 15-24 and

35-44 years. The largest decrease

(6 percent) occurred for those aged

5-14 years, and the largest increase

(1 percent) occurred for those aged

35-44 years. For the black population,

death rates declined for all age groups

except those aged 15–24 and 25-34

years. The largest decline occurred for

the age group 1-4 years (6 percent),

and the largest increase occurred for

those aged 15-24 years (6 percent).

The death rate for males also

declined between 1989 and 1990 for all

age groups except 15-24, 25–34, 35-44

years, and 85 years and over. The

largest increase was for those aged

15–24 years, although the change for

males aged 85 years and ove:r was very
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~3

1,300

1,200

● Crude death rate

●***.*+”*.. ..*. **..,* ●,

. ●*●.%***

●. .

““.,*.

Age-adjusteddeath rate ““~. . . . . ..a.

1,300

1,2(M

1,100

1,0+)0

900

800

700

600

500

d

o

1111111111111111111111111111[11111[ llllllllllili~

1940

0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

Flgurei. Crude andage-adjusted death rates: United States, 1940-90

Table A. Percent change In death rates between 1989 and 1990 by age, race, and sex

United States

Age Total White Black Male Female

Percent change

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 -0.6 -1.9 -0.9 -0.8

Under lyearl . . . . . . . . . . -5.4 -5.6 -4.1 -4.5 -6.7

l-4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.0 -5.9 -5.9 -4.4 -7.9

5-i4yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . -y; -6.3 -5.2 -6.6 -6.3

15-24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1

-0:6

3.5

-H

-3.7

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

-2,0

-H U

-; :i

-0.7

45-54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 -2.5 -1.9

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.2 -2.1

-0.5

-2.6 -2.6 -1.7

65-74 yeat= . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.7 -1.5 -3.1 -1.9 -1.4

7+64years . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 -1.1 -2.s -0.9

85years And over . . . . . . . . -0.5

-1.7

-0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.8

1Death ratea under 1 year (based on population estimatea) differ from infant mortahty rates (based on hve births); aee table E

for 19S0 infant mortality ratea and Technical notes for further discussion of the diference.

small. The increase in death rates

between 1989 and 1990 for males aged

35-44 years (0.9 percent) continued

the increase begun between 1983 and

1984, a reversal of the downward trend

for this age group since the late 1960’s

(figure 2 and table A). The death rate

for males aged 25-34 years was

unchanged.

The largest decreases for males

were for those aged 5-14 years (7 percent), under 1 year (5 percent), and

1-4 years (4 percent). Death rates for

the younger population aged 1-14

years are subject to substantial fluctuation from year to year because of the

relatively small number of deaths

occurring in these age groups. Death

rates at these ages are very low compared with other ages.

For females, death rates declined

‘ Ween 1989 and 1990 for all age

groups. This pattern is consistent with

the general downward trend in

age-specific rates for females observed

since 1950. The largest decreases in

death rates between 1989 and 1990

occurred for females aged 1-4 years

(8 percent), under 1 year (7 percent),

and 5–14 years (6 percent).

Age-adjusted death rates for white

males decreased by 1 percent between

1989 and 1990 and for white females

by 2 percent. The age-adjusted death

rate decreased by 2 percent for black

males and females. Age-adjusted

death rates have decreased almost

every year since 1980 for white males

and females, resulting in record low

rates in 1990. Rates increased from

1985 through 1989 for black males

before decreasing in 1990. Rates for

black females have fluctuated since

1979.

In 1990, the age-adjusted death

rate for males of all races was 1.7 times

that for females. In 1950 the male-tofemale ratio was 1.5. The 1970 ratio

(1.7) increased to 1.8 during the late

1970’s until 1987 when the ratio again

declined to 1.7. For 1990, the ratio

between male and female age-adjusted

death rates was 1.7 for the white population and 1.8 for the black population.

In 1990, the age-adjusted death

rate for the black population was 1.6

times that for the white population,

the same ratio that has prevailed since

1987. From 1960 through 1986, the

ratio was 1.5.

Expectation of life at birth and

at specified ages

In 1990, the average expectation

of life at birth reached a record high of

75.4 years. This continued the general

upward trend in life expectancy in the

United States.

The expectation of life at birth for

1990 represents the average number of

years that a group of infants wouid live

if the infants were to experience

throughout life the age-specific death

rates prevailing in 1990. In 1990 life

expectancy for females was 78.8 years

compared with 71.8 years for males;

both figures represent increases over

1989. The difference in life expectancy

between the sexes was 7.0 years in

1990, higher than the difference of 6.8

years in 1989. Historically, the difference in life expectancy between the

sexes has narrowed since 1979, in contrast to widening from 1900 to 1972

(table 4). The difference was 6.8 years

in 1989 compared with 7.1 in 1984, 7.8

years in 1975, 7.7 and 7.8 years

throughout the period 1972–79, 6,5

years in 1960, and 2.0 years in 1900.

Between 1989 and 1990, life

expectancy for the white population

increased from 75,9 years to a record

high of 76.1, and for the black population from 68.8 years to 69.1 years.

Although the difference in life expectancy between the white and black populations narrowed from 7.6 years in

1970 to 5.7 years in 1982, it increased

to 7.1 years in 1989 before declining to

7.0 years in 1990. Although iife

expectancy for black males increased
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Male Female

40,000 T 7 40,000 -!

85 years and over

85 yeers and over

20,000 20,000

75-84 years

10,000

b—--- --~ ---

--

10,000

8,000 -4-b- 75-84 years

8,000 --,__..

6,000 65-74 years -----

=%...--”m”m”

6,000

------

4,000 4,000 65-74 years

c ---------

g

2(000 ●-*#m.*,.-

.GJ 55-64 years

2,000

Under 1 yearl

z

%w--J&Ye: 2

g 1,000 2“*-.

45-54 yeers

. . . . . . . ...9.== ●...,,.* 1,000 ““=...*.*. 0- 800 0

800

600 45-54 years

& ●*** = . . . . . . . ...=. ●. ..*.. m*

●Q...

0.

a 400 400 ●*=9.. mm,

z

25-34 years

200 -

.----d + #---

● _ ● ~--.-~~ -

a 200

,*uS~+ ●-* /

,. *.* “H \m&.w

***- *U,* 15-24 years

● +*---- 25-34 ‘ears

100 ●. . . . . ●~=......,

100

80 1-4 years ●~w.. *.w. 80 .SS “l=;~e% a●. . . . . ~% ●mw. mm

--+-+

- +- ■

---d*-

60 ‘= % 60 -m-~

-.w--

. ..mm. e

-=d=*_**a

5-14 years ho :\

15-24 years ~,:p

40 ~-+

~---

+ -% ---e

5-14 years ‘dL.wT 20 20

10 11111 Illllfi fflllllllllllll Illlllllu 10 ~1111’111111’’l’’’’’’’”” “’’’’’’’’’’”

1950 19s5 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965 1990

1 Death rales under 1 year (b~edon population estimates) dlflerfmm infant moRallty retes(b=ed onlIveblflhs); see flgure5for lnfantmOflalltY ratae MdT9chnical

notes for further discusalon of the difference.

Figure 2. Death rates by age snd sex: United Ststes, 1950-90

forthefirst time since 1984, it is still

0.8 years below the peak life expectancy of 65.3 years attained in 1984.

Among the four race-sex groups,

white females”continued to have the

highest life expectancy at birth (79.4

years), followed by black females (73.6

years), white males (72.7 years), and

black males (64.5) (figure 3). Between

1989and 1990,life expectancyincreased

for blackmales(from64.3yearsin 1989to

64.5yearsin 1990)and for black females

(from73.3in 1989to 73.6in 1990).Before

19$Q,life expectancy for black males

declined eve~ year from 1984 through

1989.Life expectancyfor black femaIes

has ffuetuated since 1982, showing no

cleartrend. Overall,the largestgainin life

expectancybehveen 1980 and 199Qwas CaUS~ Of death

for white males (2.0 Years),followd by

whhe females (13 ye&s),‘blackfemalek

(1,1years),and blackmales(0.7years).

The 1990life table may be used to

compare life expectancies at any age

from birth onward, For example, a

person who has reached age 65 years

may look forward to living to an older

age, on the average, than one who has

reached 50 years, On the basis of mortality experienced in 1990, a person

aged 50 years could expect to live an

average of 29.0 more years for a total

of 79,0 years, and a person aged 65

years could expect to live an averageof

17.2more yearsfor a total of 82.2yearn.

Deaths assigned to the 15 leading

causes accounted for 86 percent of the

total number of deaths in 1990

(table B). (For ranking procedures,

see Technical notes.) The ranking of

the first 9 of the 15 leading causes of

death for 1990 was unchanged from

the list based on data for 1989. The

other six leading causes of death were

the same as for 1989; however, the

rankings changed for four of the six.

HIV infection, the Ilth leading cause

in 1989, increased to 10th in 1990.

Septicemia, the 14th leading cause in

1989,increasedto 13thin 1990.Nephritis,

nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis and
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~5

Table B. Death rates and percent of total deaths for the 15 leading causes of death:

United States, 1990

[Rates per 100,000 population]

Percent

Rank Cause of death (Ninth Revision International of total

orderl Classification of Oiseases, 1975) Rate deaths

3

4

.. .

,..

5

;

8

1;

11

K

14

15

. . .

All races, both sexes

All causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.8

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mafkmant neoDlasma. includina neodasms of ivmDhatic

289.5

and hematopoietic ti&uea . ~ . . .’. . . . . . .‘. .’. . . . 203.2

Cerebrovascular diseases, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 57.9

Accldenta and adverse effects .,... . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0

Motor vehicle accidenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,8

All other accidents and adverse effects . . . . , . . . . . 18,2

Chronic obstructive Dulmonarv diseases

andallled conditions . . .. ~.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4

Human lmmunodeficlency virus lnfeotion . . . . . . . . . . 10.1

Homicide and legal intervention. , ., . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosls . . . . . . , 8.3

Septicemia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7

Atherosclerosis ...,,....,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain conditions originating intheperinatal period . . . ??

Another causea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.9

100,0

33.5

23.5

:;

2.2

2.1

4.0

3.7

2,2

1Rankbaaedon numbarof deathvseeTechnicalnotes.

80-

79

;;

% Black female

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:

. . . . .

72

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . ...” ●. . . -m..- .-”-” -:-”--:

$:: -

.** .4. -

.d=-=~”

. ..*... **”d. d White male

. . . . . .

s 68 -. ,9.-.

67

66 Black male

----

%

~- --- -

63

~4-- /

+0

62

/#

61 ~--- /“M

60 = —

o~

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1960 1982 1984 1966 1988 1960

Figure 3. Life expectancy by sex United States, 1970-90

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period retained the same

ranks. Homicide and legal intervention

decreased in rank from 10thto Ilth,

and Atherosclerosis decreased from

13th to 14th,

Trends in mortality based on ageadjusted death rates are shown in figure4 and table C for 14 of the 15

leading causes. Because deaths from

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period occur mainly among

infants under 1 year, age-adjusted

rates for this cause are not discussed.

For seven of the leading causes of

death, the age-adjusted death rates

decreased between 1989 and 1990

(table C), These causes were Diseases

of heart; Cerebrovascular diseases;

Accidents and adverse effects; Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis; Nephritis,

nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis;

Septicemia; and Atherosclerosis. The

largest decline was for Atherosclerosis

(lOpercent). The declines for Diseases of heart, Cerebrovascular diseases, and Atherosclerosis are

consistent with the generally downward trends observed since 1950. Accidents and adverse effects has exhibited

a general downward trend since 1968,

while Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis has exhibited a downward trend

since 1973. Death rates for Pneumonia

and influenza increased slightly

(1.4 percent) in 1990, a year of excess

influenza-associated mortality in the

elderly (2). Pneumonia and influenza,

which had a general downward trend

for 1969-82, has shown an upward

trend since the early 1980’s, marked by

the periodic effects of outbreaks that

have occurred each year (except 1987)

since 1982. Septicemia decreased in

1989 and 1990, in contrast to the

upward trend since 1950,

Increases in the age-adjusted

death rates between 1989 and 1990

occurred for seven of the leading

causes of death —Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues;

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and aI1ied conditions; Pneumonia and influenza; Diabetes

mellitus; Suicide; HIV infection; and

Homicide and legal intervention. The

largest increase for 1990, 13 percent,

was for HIV infection, which showed a

smaller increase than in 1989 (30 percent) or in 1988 (22 percent). The ageadjusted death rate for Diabetes

mellitus showed a much smaller

increase for 1990 (1.0 percent) compared to the 14 percent increase in

1989. Diabetes mortali~ decreased

from the late 1960’s throughout the

1970’s and remained at a pIateau until

1988. The age-adjusted death rate for

Homicide and legal intervention

increased by 9 percent between 1989

and 1990, but the rate was still 6 percent lower than the record high of

1980. The age-adjusted death rate for

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions increased

slightly between 1989 and 1990 (1 percent), continuing the long-term

upward trend for this cause of death.

There continued to be a large decrease

in the age-adjusted death rate for Atherosclerosis; a decrease of 10 percent
6~ Monthly Vital statistics Report ● Vol. 41, Nom 7(S) . January T, 199$3 ~

400 r

300

r

Sixth

200

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100P

90 -~

80

70

60 -_

50

●*.-

40

t

3.0

t

2.0

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

I

j

0.3

,./”

●✏

0.2

0.1 L

1950 1955

Revisions of the International Classification of Disea

I I I I I I I I

1960 1965

Eighth

. . . . . -9.-=.... . . . . . . . .

Figure 4. Age-adjuated rates for 14 of the 15 leading causee of deeth: United States, 1950-90

“___

\

.- “- “ +>.

●☛✎●☛☛●e**

●. . ●9.99*..

●4

●/

●✏☛

I I 1 I I 1 1 I I

Is

Ninth

1

Y

.m. .~m. ..m. .m. . . . .. m=-

!

‘%<==< g ::;:::tof “es”

neoplasms,

including

g__..

neoplasms of

lymphatic and

*4* hematopoietic

tissues

06

Cerebrovascular

diseases

Accidents and

adverse effects

Chronic obstructive

pulmonary

diS0i3SaS and

allied condition

pneumonia and

influenza

i

o7 Diabetes mellitus

~ Suicide

I

o—9 ch~oni~ liver

disaase arid

cirrhosis

I

o10 Human immune.

deficiency

virus infection

o11Homicide and Isgal

intervention

o12 Nephritis,

nephrotic

syndrome, and

nephrosis

i

o13 Septicemia

o14Atherosclerosis

I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I

1970 1975 19s0 1985 1990
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~7

Table C. Age.adjusted death rates for 1990 and percent changes in age-adjusted death

rates for the 15 leading causes of death from 1989 to 1990 and 1979 to 1990:

United States

[Rates per 100,000 population]

Percent

change from -

Age-ao@ted 1989

Rank

1979

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International death rates to to

orderf Classification of Diseases, 1975) for 1990 1990 1990

. . . Allceuses . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520.2 -1.5 -9.8

1 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.0

2

-3.5 -23.8

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . 135.0

3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

4 Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.7 -::; -3:::

32.5 -4.1 -24.2

. . . Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 4.1 -20.3

,.. All other accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . 14.0

5

-8.7 -28.6

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and

alhed conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.7

6

0.5 34.9

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0

7

25.0

Diabetes mellitua .,,.......,.. . . . . . . . . . .

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.7 ::: 19.4

:

11.5 1.8 -1.7

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . .

10

8.6 -4.4 -28.3

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . . . . .

11

12.6 ---

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

1:: 8.5

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. . . . .

13 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3 4.4

4.1 -2.4 78.;

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:;

2.7 -10.0 -52.6

Certain conctitions originating intheperinatal period2. . . . -8.5 -37.0

lRank basedon numberof deaths see Technicalnotes.

Zlnasmuehm deathsff~mhis muse occurmainly=~~ng infe”~s,per~entchangesare basedon infantm~fla~~ rate$

irrsteadofage-adjustedrates.

occurred between 1989 and 1990,

although it was not as large as the

decrease of 14percent between 1988

and 1989. The very large decrease in

mortali~ for Atherosclerosis and the

very large increase for Diabetes melIitus that occurred between 1988 and

1989 may reflect in part changes in the

way in which physicians report causes

of death onthe death certificate (3).

Mortality levels for each of the 15

leading causes of death were higher

for males than for females (table D).

Ten of the leading causes of death

showed differentials in which death

rates for males were at least 1.5 times

those for females, The age-adjusted

death rate for HIV infection, in which

the death rate for males was 8.4 times

that for females, was the largest differential. Other large differentials were

for Suicide (4.2); Homicide and legaI

intervention (3.9); Accidents and

adverse effects (2.7); Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2.3); Diseases of

heart and Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions (1.9

each); Pneumonia and influenza (1.7);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis (1,5); and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

(1.5). The smallest sex difference in

mortality was for Diabetes mellitus,

with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1.

For females, the age-adjusted

death rate for all causes combined

decreased by 2 percent between 1989

and 1990. Decreases in rates occurred

for six of the leading causes of death –

Atherosclerosis, Accidents and adverse effects, Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis, Diseases of heart, Septicemia, and Cerebrovascular diseases.

Increases in rates occurred for five

leading causes led by HIV infection;

Homicide and legal intervention;

pneumonia and influenza; Diabetes

mellitus; and Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. Rates for three

causes were unchanged —Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions; Suicide; and

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis. Among the leading causes

of death, HIV infection had the largest

percent increase in age-adjusted rates

between 1989 and 1990 for women,

16.7 percent.

For males, the age-adjusted death

rate for all causes combined declined

by 1 percent between 1989 and 1990.

Decreases occurred in the rates for six

of the leading causes of death —Atherosclerosis; Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis; Accidents and

adverse effects; Diseases of heart; and

Cerebrovascular diseases. Increases in

the age-adjusted death rate occurred

for HIV infection; Homicide and legal

intervention; Pneumonia and influenza; Suicide; Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions;

Table D. Ratio of age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death by sex and

race United States, 1990

Ratio ofRank Cause of death, race, and sex (Ninth Revision International Male to B/ack to

orderl Classification of Diseases, 1975) female white

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

;:

12

13

4:

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.74

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.90

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.46

Cerebrovaacular diseases, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,16

Accidents andadverae effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.66

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.46

All other accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.01

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.65

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.68

Oiabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,30

Human immunodeflciency virus Infection. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :::

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. . . . . . . . . . 1.50

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.40

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 2 . . . . . 1.25

1.60

1.45

1.38

1.90

1.25

0.99

1.61

0.84

1.48

2.38

0.67

1.71

3.21

6.69

3.00

2.71

1.15

3.10

1Rsnkbasadon numberof deaths see Technicalnote%

21nesmuchae deathsfromthesecaueasoccurmainlyamonginfanta,ratiosare basedon infantMOrtdityratesinsteadof a9a.

ed@ted deathrates.
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Diabetes mellitus; and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. For

males, the largest increase was for

HIV infection (12 percent). Between

1989 and 1990 the age-adjusted death

rate for Motor vehicle accidents continued the decline observed between

1988 and 1989. The increase in the

death rate for males aged 15–24 years

between 1989 and 1990 was principally

due to a 23-percent increase for Homicide and legal intervention for this age

group (from 26.8 to 32.9 pe~ 100,000

population). For males aged 35-44

years, the increase was primarily due

to a 15-percent increase in death rates

due to HIV infection.

Mortality was higher for the black

population than for the white population for most of the leading causes

(table D). The largest differential was

for Homicide and legal intervention,

for which the age-adjusted death rate

for the black population was 6,7 times

that of the white population. Other

causes for which the differential was

large include HIV infection (3,2);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis (3.0); Septicemia (2.7); Diabetes mellitus (2,4); Cerebrovascular

diseases (1.9); Chronic liver disease

and cirrhosis (1.7); Pneumonia and

influenza (1.5); and Diseases of heart

(1.5). Age-adjusted rates for the black

population were lower than those for

the white population for two leading

causes of death —Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions and Suicide.

For the white population,

decreases in age-adjusted rates

occurred for seven leading causes of

death. The largest decrease was for

Atherosclerosis (10 percent). Of the

leading causes that increased for the

white population, the largest increases

were for HIV infection (12.7 percent)

and Homicide and legal intervention

(9.3 percent). The increase in the

death rate for the white population

aged 15–24 years between 1989 and

1990 was primarily due to an increase

in the rate for Homicide and legal

intervention (from 8.2 to 9.9) for this

age group. For those aged 35-44 years,

the increase in the death rate was

primarily due to HIV infection.

For the black population, ageadjusted death rates were lower in

1990 than in 1989 for 10 of the leading

causes, including Accidents and

adverse effects (8.5 percent); Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis

(8.5 percent); Diseases of heart

(4.7 percent); Cerebrovascular diseases (4.3 percent); Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (4.2 percent);

Septicemia (4 percent); Atherosclerosis (3.1 percent); Suicide (2.8 percent); Pneumonia and influenza

(2.5 percent); and Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions (1.7 percent), Of the leading

causes that increased for the black

population, the largest increase was

for HIV infection (11.7 percent).

Other increases were for Homicide

and legal intervention (9.7 percent);

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (1.4 percent); and Diabetes

mellitus (1.2 percent). The increase in

the death rate for the black population

aged 15–24 years between 1989 and

1990 was primarily due to an increase

in the rate for Homicide and legal

intervention (from 65.4 to 78.2).

HIV infection

In 1990, there were 25,188 deaths

due to HIV infection, 14 percent more

than the 22,082 deaths recorded in

1989. Of these deaths, 64 percent

(16,106 deaths) were for white maIes,

24 percent (6,097 deaths) for black

males, 6 percent (1,633 deaths) for

black females, and 5 percent (1,149

deaths) for white females (table 14).

The largest numbers for males and

females were for age groups 25-34 and

35-44 years. Although the numbers of

deaths were greatest for white males,

the age-adjusted death rates and

almost all age-specific death rates were

highest for black males, followed by

white males, black females, and white

females.

Overall, HIV infection was ranked

as the 10th leading cause of death in

1990. For the black population it

ranked 7th, and for the white population it ranked 10th among the leading

causes of death. For males of all races

combined, HIV infection was the

eighth leading cause of death; for

females it did not rank among the 10

leading causes.

By age, HIV infection ranked

among the 10 leading causes for ages

1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 2544, and 45-64

years. HIV infection ranked 8th for

ages 14 years, 10th for ages 5-14

years, 6th for ages 15-24 years, 3rd for

ages 25-44 years, 10th for ages 45-64

years. Although HIV infection was the

8th leading cause for ages 1-4 years,

the number of deaths due to this cause

was relatively small —123 deaths, or

2 percent of deaths from all causes for

that age group.

Hispanic deaths

Leading causes of death. for all age

groups combined for the Hispanic

population differ from those for the

non-Hispanic white population in an

area comp~ised of 45 States, New York

State (excluding New York City), and

the District of Columbia (table 17)

(see Technical notes). Although the

two leading causes of death –Diseases

of heart and Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues – are the same

for both groups, they accounted for

three-fifths of all deaths in 1990 for the

non-Hispanic white population but for

only two-fifths of the deaths for the

Hispanic population.

Major differences in leading

causes of death between the two

groups are as follows: Three of the 10

leading causes of death for the Hispanic population - Homicide and legal

intervention (5th leading cause), HIV

infection (8th), and Certain conditions

originating in the perinatal period

(lOth) –are not among the 10 leading

causes for the non-Hispanic white population. Conversely, the 3 leading

causes for the non-Hispanic white population not among the 10 leading

causes for the Hispanic population

were Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions (4th

leading cause), Suicide (8th), and Atherosclerosis (lOth).

Differences in ranking the leading

causes of death between the two population groups largely reflect differences in age composition between the

two groups; within broad age groups,

leading causes are similar, However,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report● Vol.41, No.7(S) ● January7, 1993 ~9

even within age categories some differences exist. Homicide and legal intervention consistently ranked higher for

the Hispanic population than for the

non-Hispanic white population for all

age groups under 45 years. HIV infection for the Hispanic population aged

15-24, 25-44, and 45-64 consistently

ranked higher than for the nonHispanic white population for these

same age groups. Diabetes mellitus

and Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

ranked higher for Hispanics aged

45-64 years.

Drug-induced deaths

In 1990, a total of 9,463 persons

died of drug-induced causes in the

United States (table 18). The category

drug-induced causes includes not only

deaths from dependent and nondependent use of drugs (legal and illegal

use), but also poisoning from medically

prescribed and other drugs; it excludes

accidents, homicides, and other causes

indirectly related to drug use (for

drug-induced causes, see Technical

notes). The age-adjusted death rate

for drug-induced causes in 1990 was

3.6 deaths per 100,000 population. The

rate increased by 32 percent from 1983

to 1988, then declined 2 percent in

1989 and 12 percent in 1990. The ageadjusted death rate for drug-induced

causes for males was 1.8 times the rate

for females, and the rate for the black

population was 1.7 times that for the

white population.

Alcohol-induced deaths

In 1990, a total of 19,757 persons

died of alcohol-induced causes in the

United States (table 19). The category

alcohol-induced causes includes not

only deaths from dependent and nondependent use of alcohol, but also

accidental poisoning by alcohol; it

excludes accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to

alcohol use (for alcohol-induced

causes, see Technical notes). The ageadjusted death rate for alcoholinduced causes in 1990 was 7.2 deaths

per 100,000 population, which is lower

than the rate of 7.3 for the previous

year. The rate decreased by 20 percent

from 1980 to 1986, increased by

9 percent from 1986 to 1989, then

decreased by 1 percent in 1990. The

age-adjusted death rate for alcoholinduced causes for males was 3.4 times

the rate for females, and the rate for

the black population was 2.6 times the

rate for the white population.

Marital status

About 90 percent of the persons

who died in 1990 had been married

(table 20). The proportion was larger

for females (92 percent) than for

males (87 percent) and for the white

population (90 percent) than for the

black population (81 percent). The

proportion who were widowed at the

time of death was considerably greater

for women (57 percent) than for men

(18 percent) but about the same for

both major race groups: 38 percent of

the white population and 33 percent of

the black population.

Educational attainment

About 55 percent of the persons

who died in 1990 had completed high

school in an area comprised of 28

States and the District of CoIumbia

(table 21), (see Technical notes). The

percent was about the same for males

(54 percent) and females (57 percent),

and similar for the white population

(56 percent) compared to the black

population (53 percent). About the

same proportion of white females

(57 percent) and white males (55 percent) who died in 1990 had completed

high school. The proportion who had

completed 4 years of coIlege was similar for white females (3.8 percent) and

for white males (2.4 percent). A

greater proportion of black females

(60 percent) had completed high

school than black males (51 percent).

Slightly more black females (2.9 percent) than black males (1 percent) had

completed 4 years of college at the

time of death.

Infant mortality

A change in the tabulation by race

of live births beginning with data for

1989 affects infant mortality rates by

race, because counts of live births

comprise the denominator of infant

mortality rates. The tabulation of race

for live births changed from race of

child to race of mother (see Technical

notes). As a result, infant mortality

rates by race for 1989 and 1990 are not

comparable with those of previous

years. In general, changing the basis

for tabulating birth data from race of

child to race of mother results in more

white births and fewer black births and

births of other races. Therefore, infant

mortality rates based on live births

tabulated by race of mother tend to be

lower for white infants and higher for

black infants and infants of other races

than they are when computed on the

basis of live births tabulated by race of

child. (For additional detail, see TechnicaI notes.)

To facilitate comparison with previous years’ data and analysis of current

patterns, key tabulations and text analysis in this and other reports from

NCHS for 1989 and 1990 infant mortaIity wilI show data computed on the

basis of live births tabulated by race of

mother and race of chiId. This will

make it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change in tabulation

from real changes in the data. Accordingly, rates for 1989 and 1990 are presented in figure 5 and table 22 by both

methods of tabulating race of live

births. In this report, the discussions of

changes in various measures among

1990 and years before 1989 are based

on measures computed by race of

child. Text references to white and

black infant mortality for 1990 only

refer to rates with live births tabulated

according to race of mother (table E).

In 1990, there were 38,351 deaths

of infants under 1 year of age,

(table E) compared with 39,655 in the

previous year. The infant mortality

rate of 9.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live

births was the lowest final rate ever

recorded for the United States; it represented a decline of 6 percent from

the rate of 9.8 for the previous year. In

1990, the mortali~ rate for white

infants declined 6 percent (8.1 in 1989,

compared with 7.6 in 1990) and for

black infants, by 3 percent (18.6 in

1989, compared with 18.0 in 1990).

In 1990, the infant mortality rate

for black infants (18.0) was 2.4 times

the rate for white infants (7.6), slightly
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

. Raceof mother

.“.. ●

. Black .” .. ..” ●. . . .

“*.. -...* ‘.. /...

. ..O

●.

“.-

-.

“..

“.,

“.

“.

‘..

‘.

●.

“> “.

“.

“.

White

“.●. ...*

●.,

.

.

111111111111111111111111111 111111111(

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

9

9

7

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

NOTE: Inlant deaths are classified by rwe of decondww Se@nnlng In 1989, Ilw blrlha aro clasdllcd by

race of mothen from 19S0-09, by race of child: w. Technlcel notes,

Figure 5. Infant mortality rates by race: United States, 1950-90

Table E. Infant, neonatal, and poatneonatal deaths and mortality rates by race and sex

United Statas, 199o

[Rates are Infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28daye-11 months) deaths per

100,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1989, race for live births la tabulated according to race of

mothec see Tachnlcal notes]

Infant Neonata/ Postneonatsl

Race and sex Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

All racial, . . . . . . . 38,351 922.3 24,309 584.6 14,042 337.7

Male . . . . . . . . . . 21,856 1026.3 13,839 649.9 8,017 376.5

Female ...,.... 16,495 813.1 10,470 516.1 6,025 297.0

White ., ..,,,.... 24,883 756,3 15,751 478.7 9,132 277.5

Male . . . . . . . . . . 14,371 651.3 9,075 537.6 5,296 313.7

Female ..,..... 10,512 656.1 6,676 416.7 3,636 239.4

Black . . . . . . . . . . . 12,290 1795.9 7,905 1155.1 4,385 640.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . 6,611 1962.4 4,405 1269.2 2,406 693.2

Female . . . . . . . . 5,479 1624.6 3,500 1037.8 1,979 506.8

1Includesracesother thanwhiteand t lack,

higher than the ratio of 2.3 in the

previous year, When based on live

births by race of child, the ratio of

black-to-white infant mortality in 1990

was 2.2; the ratio has increased since

the early 1970’s, when it was 1.8.

Between 1989 and 1990,, the neonatal mortality rate declined by

6.5 percent, from 6.2 to 5,8 deaths for

infants under 28 days per 1,000 live

births. For white infants the rate

declined from 5.1 to 4.8, while for

black infants, the change in the rate

between the two successive years was

not statistically significant (11.,9in 1989

compared with 11.6 in 1990). Neonatal

mortality rates historically have

declined for both races – an average

annual decrease of 4 percent per year

for white infants compared with 3 percent for black infants between 1960

and 1990 by race of child,

The postneonatal mortality rate –

deaths to infants 28 days–n months

per 1,000 live births – declined 5.6 percent for 1990 from 3.6 to 3.4 deaths.

For white infants the postneonatal

mortality rate declined 3 percent, from

2.9 to 2.8 deaths per 1,000 live births,

while for black infants the rate

declined 4 percent, from 6.7 in 1989 to

6.4 in 1990, This follows the historical

trend, by race of child, of more rapid

declines in postneonatal mortality for

black than for white infants. From

1960 to 1990 postneonatal mortality

declined by an average of 3 percent

per year for black infants compared

with 2 percent for white infants,

Although the list of the 10 leading

causes of infant death was unchanged

in 1990, the rankings for 2 of the

leading causes of infant death changed

slightly between 1989 and 1990. Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes increased

from the seventh leading caulsein 1989

to the sixth. Accidents and adverse

effects, the sixth leading cause in 1989,

decreased to the seventh. Among the

10 leading causes of infant death, the

first 4 – Congenital anomalies, Sudden

infant death syndrome, Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight, and Respiratory

distress syndrome – accounted for just

over half (54 percent) of all infant

deaths in 1990; and the remaining 6
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 41, No. 7(S). January 7, 1993 ~11

causes accounted for only 15 percent

of all infant deaths.

Between 1989 and 1990, the infant

mortaIity rate decreased for 8 of the 10

leading causes of infant death and

increased for the other 2 causes. The

largest decreases were for Respiratory

distress syndrome (24 percent), Accidents and adverse effects (9 percent),

and Sudden infant death syndrome

(7 percent). The two increases were

for Newborn affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy (5 percent)

and Intrauterine hypoxia and birth

asphyxia (2 percent).

Differences between infant mortality rates for white and black infants

by cause are reflected in differences in

ranking of the leading causes of infant

death as well as in differences in

cause-specific infant mortali~ rates.

Congenital anomalies was the leading

cause of death for white infants, followed by Sudden infant death syndrome, Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight, and Respiratory distress syndrome. Together these four causes

accounted for 56 percent of white

infant deaths. In contrast, for black

infants the leading cause of death was

Disorders relating to short gestation

and unspecified low birthweight, followed by Sudden infant death syndrome, Congenital anomalies, and

Respiratory distress syndrome. Together these four causes accounted for

49 percent of all black infant deaths.

Although the difference between

black and white infant mortality rates

varied by cause, the risk was higher for

black than for white infants for all the

leading causes. Expressed as the ratio

of the infant mortality rate for black

infants to that for white infants, the

leading causes ranked beginning with

the highest ratio are: Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight (4,6); Pneumonia

and influenza (3.0); Respiratory distress syndrome and Newborn affected

by maternal complications of pregnancy (2.6 each); Infections specific to

the perinatal period (2,5); Accidents

and adverse effects (2.3); Intrauterine

hypoxia and birth asphyxia (2.2); Newborn tiected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes (2.1);

Sudden infant death syndrome (2.1);

and Congenital anomalies (1.1).

Hispanic infant mortality

The infant mortality rate was 7,8

deaths to Hispanic infants under 1

year of age per 1,000 live births in an

area comprised of 45 States, New York

State (excluding New York City), and

the District of Columbia. This was

5 percent higher than the rate of 7.4

for non-Hispanic white infants

(table 26). Among specified subgroups

of the Hispanic population, the mortality rate for Mexican infants was 7.7

deaths to infants under 1 year of age

per 1,000 live births, 10.2 for Puerto

Rican infants, and 7.6 for Cuban

infants. Infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin and race for nonHispanic origin may be somewhat

understated (see TechnicaI notes).

Maternal mortality

In 1990,343 women were reported

to have died of maternal causes

(table F) compared with 320 in 1989.

As in previous years, the number does

not include all deaths occurring to

pregnant women, but only those

deaths assigned to Complications of

pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (ICD-9 Nos. 630–676). The

maternal mortality rate for 1990 was

8.2 deaths per 100,000 live births compared with a rate of 7,9 in 1989. The

difference in the rate between the 2

years was not statistically significant.

Black women have a higher risk of

maternal death than white women. In

1990, the maternal mortality rate for

black women was 22.4, 4.1 times the

Table F. Maternal daaths and maternal

mortality rates by race: United States, 1990

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to Complications

of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, category numbers 630-676 of the Ninth Revk/on /international Classification of Diseases, 1975. Rates per

100,000 live bkths In specified group. Beginning In

1989, race for live births Is tabulated aocordlng to race

of mothen see Technical notes]

Race Number Rate

Allracee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 S.2

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

A~lg&er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 1;::

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 22.4

rate of 5.4 for white women. The

change in the tabulation by race of live

births beginning with data for 1989

tiects maternal mortality rates by race

as it does infant mortality rates,

because counts of live births comprise

the denominator of maternal mortali@

rates (see Technical notes).

Report of autopsy

For 1990, all States requested

information on the death certificate as

to whether autopsies were performed.

They were reported as performed on

239,591 deaths, or 11.2 percent of the

deaths that occurred in 1990, a reduction from the 11.5 percent reported for

the previous year (table 28). This continues the downward trend in the percent of deaths autopsied. The percent

autopsied for all causes of death combined is heavily influenced by the low

rates for the three leading causes of

death – Diseases of heart (8 percent);

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (4 percent); and Cerebrovascular diseases (4 percent). Among the

15 leading causes of death, the highest

percents reported were for traumatic

causes —Homicide and legal intervention (97 percent), Suicide (55 percent),

and Accidents and adverse effects

(50 percent). For nontraumatic causes,

the highest percents were for Certain

conditions originating in the perinatal

period (24 percent), Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (17 percent), and

HIV infection (10 percent).

References

1.

2.

3.

4.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Annual summary of births, marriages,

divorces, and deaths: United States,

1991. Monthly vital statistics report; vol

40 no 13. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public

Health Service. 1992.

Centers for Disease Control. Morbidity

and mortality weekly report; vol 41 no

SS-3. Washington: Public Health Service. 1992.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1989. MonthIy vital statistics

report; VOI40 no 8, suppl 2. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1992.

Tolson GC, Barnes JM, Gay GA,

Kowaleski JL. The 1989 revision of the
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National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 4(28). 1991.

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Vital statistics of the United States,

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Comparability of mortality statistics for

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Vital statistics, instructions for

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Vital statistics, instructions for classifying multiple causes of death. NCHS

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Vital statistics, nonindexed terms, standard abbreviations, and State geographic codes used in mortality data

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manual; part 2e. Hyattsville, Maryland:

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Vital statistics, ICD-9 ACME decision

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Vital statistics, dictionary of valid

terms for the mortality medical

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system (MICAR). NCHS instruction

manual; part 2h. HyattsvilIe, Maryland

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annually.

16. National Center for Health Statistics,

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1984. Monthly vital statistics

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Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1985. Monthly vitall statistics

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18. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1986. Monthly vital statistics

report; vol 37 no 6, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1988.

19, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished data from the 1990 census, by

age, race and sex,

20. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished data from the 1990 census, by

State.

21, National Center for Health Statistics,

Vital statistics of the United States,

1989, vol I, natality. Washington

Public Health Service. 1992.

22. Sirken MG. Comparison of two

methods of constructing abridged life

tables by reference to a “standard”

table. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(4). 1966,

23. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished data from the 1990 census for

persons of Spanish origin by State.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~13

List of detailed tables

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Deaths, death rates, and ageadjusted death rates, by race

and sex United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates, by

age, race, and sex United

States, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abridged life table for the

total population, 1990 . . . . . .

Life expectancy at birth by

race and sex United States,

1940, 1950, 1960, and

1970-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-specific and ageadjusted death rates for the

15 leading causes in 1990 and

selected components: United

States, 1979, 1989, and

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

the 10 leading causes of

death in specified race-sex

groups: United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

the 10 leading causes of

death in specified age

groups: United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths from 72 seIected

causes by age: United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes byage: United States,

1990 ..,...............,..

Deaths from 72 selected

causes by race and sex

United States, 1990..... . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by race and sex:

United States, 1990 . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted death rates for

72 selected causes by race

and sex: United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.

14

15 14.

16

16 15.

17 16.

20

17.

21

22

18.

24

19.

26

28 20.

30

Deaths and death rates from

16 selected subcategories of

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of Iymphaticand hematopoietic tissues, byrace and sex: United

States, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates by

lo-year age groups and ageadjusted death rates for Human

imrnunodeficiency virus infection, by race and sex United

States, 198$W0.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

major causesof death for the

United States, each division,

and State; and by race’ and

sex for the United States,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths by age according to

specified Hispanic origin,

race fornon-Hkpanic origin,

and sex: Total of 45 States,

New York State (excluding

NewYorkCity),and theDistrict of Columbia, 1990 . . . . .

Deaths for the 10 leading

causes of death for Hispanic

and white non-Hispanic

origin, for specified age

groups: Total of 45 States,

New York State (excluding

New York City), and the Districtof Columbia, 1990 . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted

death rates for drug-induced

causes, by race and sex:

United States, 1979-90 . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for alcohol-induced

causes, by race and sex United

States,1979-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15

years and over, by marital

21.

32

22.

33

23.

34 24.

25.

35

26.

36

38

27.

38

28.

status, race, and sex: United

States, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15

years and over, by educational attainment, race, and

sex: Total of 28 States and

the District of Columbia,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by

race and sex United States,

1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975–90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and

infant mortality rates for 61

seIected causes by race:

United States, 1990 ..,.....

Deaths under 1 year and

infant mortality rates for the

10 leading causes of infant

death: United States, 1990. ,

Total deaths and death rates,

and infant and neonatal

deaths and mortality rates

for the United States, each

division, and State; and by

race and sex for the United

States, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Infant, neonataI, and postneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by specified

Hispanic origin and race for

non-Hispanic origin: Total of

45 States, New York State

(excluding New York City),

and the District of Columbia,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maternal deaths and

matemaI mortality rates for

seiected causes by race:

United States, 1990 . . . . . . . .

Number of autopsies and

percent of deaths for which

autopsies were reported for

15 leading causes of death:

United States, 1990 . . . . . . . .

39

39

40

41

42

43

44

44

45
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 1. Deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death ratee, by race and aex United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-!30

[Rates per 100,000 population In specified group. Rates are based on populations enumerated as of April 1 for census yeara and estimated as of July 1 for all other years,

Beginning 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United Statea]

A// other

A// races White Total Black

Both

Year

Both

Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexas Male Female sexes Male Female aaxes Male Female

1990.

1989. .

1988. .

1987.

1986.

1985. .

1984. .

1983, .

1982. .

1981. .

1980. .

1979, .

1978. .

1977. .

1976. .

1975. .

1970. .

1960. .

1950. .

1940. .

. . . . . .

., ...,

,. ...,

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

... .,.

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

., .,..

., .,..

. . . . .

. . . . . .

1990. . .

19892. .

19682. .

19672. .

19662. .

19652. .

19642. .

19882. .

19822

19812: :

1980. . .

1979. . .

1978.

1977. . ,

1976, . .

1975, . .

1970. . .

1960. . .

1950. . .

1940. . .

. . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

. ...,

. ...,

. . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

1990. .

19892.

19882.

19872.

19862.

19852.

19842.

19832.

19822.

19812.

1980. .

1979. .

1978. .

1977. .

1976. .

1975. .

1970. .

1960. .

1950. .

1940. .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

.,, . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . .

2,146,463

2,150,466

2,167,999

2,123,323

2,105,361

2,086,440

2,039,369

2,019,201

1,974,797

1,877,961

1,889,641

1,913,841

1,927,766

1,899,597

1,909,440

1,882,679

1,921,031

1,711,982

1,452,454

1,417,269

863.8

871.3

886.7

676.4

676.7

876.9

664.6

663.7

852.4

662.0

878.3

652.2

666.0

864.4

877.6

878.5

945.3

954.7

963.6

1,076.4

520.2

528.0

539.9

539.2

544.8

548.9

548.1

552.5

554.7

568.6

585.8

577.0

595.0

602.1

618.5

830.4

714.3

760.9

641.5

1,076.1

1,113,417

1,114,190

1,125,540

1,107,956

1,104,005

1,097,756

1,076,514

1,071,923

1,056,440

1,063,772

1,075,078

1,044,959

1,055,290

1,046,243

1,051,963

1,050,819

1,076,478

975,648

827,749

791,003

918.4

926.3

945.1

939,3

944.7

948.6

938.8

943.2

936.4

954.0

976,9

957.5

977.5

978.9

993.8

1,002.0

1,090.3

1,104.5

1,106.1

1,197.4

660.2

689.3

708.1

706.6

716.2

723.0

721.6

729.4

734.2

753.6

777.2

768.6

791.4

801.3

820.9

837.2

931.6

949.3

1,001.6

1,213.0

1,035,046

1,036,276

1,042,459

1,015,365

1,001,356

966,662

962,855

947,278

918,357

914,209

914,763

668,882

872,496

853,354

857,457

842,060

842,553

736,334

624,705

626,266

612.0

818.9

631,2

816.7

612.3

809.1

794.7

786.4

771.2

775.0

765.3

752.7

764.5

756.0

767.6

76’1.4

607.8

809,2

823,5

954.6

390.6

397.3

406.1

404.6

407.6

410.3

410.5

412.5

411.9

420.6

432.6

423.1

437.4

441.6

455,0

462,5

532.5

580.6

666.4

938.9

1,853,254

1,853,841

1,876,906

1,643,067

1,631,083

1,619,054

1,781,897

1,765,562

1,729,065

1,731,233

1,736,607

1,676,145

1,689,722

1,664,100

1,674,989

1,660,366

1,682,096

1,505,335

1,276,065

1,231,223

868.0

893.2

910.5

900.1

900.1

900.4

687.6

665.4

673.1

860.4

692.5

865.2

680.2

874.6

887.7

686,9

946.3

947.8

945.7

1,041.5

492.6

499.6

512.8

513.7

520.1

524.9

525.2

529.4

532.3

544.6

559.4

551.9

569.5

575.7

591.3

602.2

679.6

727.0

800.4

1,017.2

950,612

950,652

965,419

953,382

952,554

950,455

934,529

931,779

919,239

925,490

933,676

910,137

920,123

912,670

918,589

917,604

942,437

860,657

731,366

690,801

930.9

936,5

957.9

952.7

956.6

963.6

954.1

957.7

951.8

965.2

983.3

963.3

882.7

963.0

997.3

1,004.1

1,066.7

1,098.5

1,089.5

1,162.2

Death rate

846.9 737.9

851.6 755.2

665.3 758.6

849.8 747.0

844.3 747,3

840.1 745.0

824.6 733.2

616.4 737,9

798.2 730,7

799,8 751.6

806.1 791.7

771.8 771.0

762.7 790.0

771.3 796.6

783.1 8T2.I

775.1 623.1

812.6 936.4

800.9 1,008.5

803.3 1,119.4

919.4 1,382.8

Age-adjusted death rate 1

644.3 369.8 666.7

652.2 376.0 703.9

671.3 365.3 710.1

674.2 364.8 702.7

664.9 368.1 706,3

693.3 391.0 709.1

693.6 391,7 703.3

701.6 393.3 710.8

706.8 393.6 706.9

724.8 401.5 734.0

745.3 411.1 774.2

738.4 402.5 757.1

761.1 416.4 760.0

770,6 419.6 796.7

789.3 432.5 818.5

804.3 439.0 840.6

893.4 501.7 983.4

917.7 555.0 1,046.1

963.1 645.0 1,225.7

1,155.1 679.0 1,634.7

162,605

163,336

160,121

154,576

151,451

147,303

141,985

140,144

137,201

138,282

141,200

134,822

135,167

133,573

133,394

133,015

136,041

114,791

96,383

100,102

651.5

671.5

875,0

664,1

665.6

861.7

849.3

656.9

657.6

885.7

936.5

920.3

943.2

951.7

969.8

987.8

1,115.9

1,152,0

1,251.1

1,513,7

910.2

932.5

936.2

927.8

931.6

931.8

921.4

928.6

930.7

964.1

1,015.1

994.8

1,021.0

1,036.1

1,063.4

1,090.1

1,231.4

1,211.0

1,358,5

1,764.4

132,604

133,287

130,972

125,660

122,627

120,063

115,487

113,475

108,511

108,466

110,034

102,874

102,699

101,924

101,057

99,496

102,894

91,656

79,986

85,944

634.2

649.0

652.5

640.2

639.3

638.8

627.6

629.6

615.4

630.0

660.6

635.7

651.0

659.6

668.6

673.1

775.3

872.6

993,5

1,258.2

512.5

525.4

532.7

527.4

530.7

535.7

633.5

540,1

533.8

551.5

582.6

566,9

565.8

601.8

618,3

634.6

770.6

893.3

1,095.7

1,504.7

265,498

267,642

264,019

254,614

250,326

244,207

235,884

233,124

226,513

228,560

233,135

220,818

221,340

220,076

219,442

217,932

225,647

196,010

169,606

178,743

871,0

887.9

886.3

868.9

664.9

854.8

636,1

836.6

823.4

642.4

875.4

839.3

655.1

664,0

875.0

662.5

999.3

1,036.6

. . .

. . .

769.2

805.9

608.7

796,4

796.8

793.6

763.3

787.4

762.1

807.0

642.5

812,1

831.8

849.3

870.5

890.8

1,044.0

1,073.3

. . .

. . .

145,359

146,393

144,226

139,551

137,214

133,610

129,147

127,911

125,610

127,296

130,138

124,433

124,663

123,894

123,977

123,770

127,540

107,701

92,004

95,517

1,008.0

1,026.7

1,026,1

1,006.2

1,002,6

969.3

968.5

971.2

966,2

992.6

1,034.1

999.6

1,016.6

1,026.0

1,041.6

1,055.4

1,186.6

1,181.7

. . .

. . .

1,061.3

1,062,8

1,063.0

1,063.6

1,061.9

1,053.4

1,035.9

1,037.5

1,035.4

1,066.8

1,112.8

1,073.3

1,093.9

1,112.1

1,138.3

1,163.0

1,316.6

1,246.1

. . .

. . .

120,139

121,249

119,791

115,263

113,112

110,597

106,737

105,213

100,903

101,264

102,997

96,365

96,677

96,182

95,465

94,162

96,107

86,309

77,602

83,226

747.9

763.2

764,6

745.7

741.5

734.2

717.4

715.9

695.5

707.7

733.3

695.3

709.5

718.0

724.5

726.1

629.2

905.0

. . .

. . .

581.6

594.3

601.0

592.4

594.1

594.6

590.1

595.3

585.9

602.7

631.1

605.0

622.7

639.6

654.5

670.6

814.4

916.9

. . .

1FOr method of computation, see Technical?IOtss.

2Rates are revised and, therefore, mey differ from those published in Advance Repor7 of Find Moria//fy Sf6i/st/cs for 1989 and earlier yearq see Technical notes,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No, 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~15

Table 2. Deaths and death rates, by age, race, and sex United Statea, 199o

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group]

Al[ other

All races White Total Black

Both

Age

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Alleges . . . . . . . . .

Under l year . . . . . .

l-4 years ...,,..,

5-9years ...,,.,,

10-14 years... ., , ,

15-19 years . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . .

25-29 years. . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . .

35-39 yeara. .,....

4C-44 yeara. . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . .

55-59 yeara . . . . . . .

6C-64years. . . . . . .

65-89 years. . . . . . .

70-74 yaara. . . . . . .

75-79 years. . . . . ,

80-84 years. . . . . , .

85 years and over . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . .

Allagesl . . . . . . . . .

Under 1 year2 . . . . .

l-4years . . . . . . . .

5-9years . . . . . . . .

10-14 yeara. . . . . . .

15-19 years. . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . . . . .

25-29 years. . . . . . .

30-34 years. . . . . . .

35-39 years. . . . . . .

40-44 years ...,...

45-49 years . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . .

65-69 years . . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . .

75-79 yeara, , . . . . .

60-64 years. . . . . . .

85 years and over . . .

2,148,463

36,351

6,931

3,995

4,441

15,711

21,022

26,579

33,512

39,093

44,469

51,856

66,752

97,885

154,831

217,333

260,616

301,114

300,325

463.105

562

863.8

971.9

46.8

22.2

26.0

87.9

109.9

124.6

153.5

197.0

252.8

377.3

590.0

933.2

1,457.2

2,159.1

3,266.0

4,933.9

7,662.8

15,327.4

1,113,417

21,856

3,969

2,363

2,764

11,671

16,202

19,794

24,263

27,601

29,661

33,097

41,557

60,527

94,119

128,356

147,711

157,873

137,533

151,897

403

918.4

1,082.8

52.4

25.6

31.6

127.2

166.3

184.9

223.4

280.7

344.2

491.1

756.5

1,208.5

1,902.7

2,847.6

4,345.4

6,608.6

10,143.8

18,056.6

1,035,046

16,495

2,962

1,632

1,677

4,040

4,820

6,785

9,249

11,492

14,808

18,759

25,195

37,338

60,712

88,977

112,905

143,241

162,792

311,208

159

612.0

855.7

41.0

18.5

20.2

46.4

51.3

63.9

84.3

114.8

183.9

267.8

432.9

681.5

1,089.1

1,600.8

2,465.0

3,856.7

6,376.0

14,274.3

1,853,254

24,683

4,866

2,949

3,323

11,678

15,230

19,018

23,737

27,949

33,074

39,786

52,364

79,196

129,901

186,667

229,536

269,085

272,644

426,982

364

888.0

795.7

41.1

20.3

24.3

81.4

97.4

107.8

130.5

167.8

220.5

336.4

537.4

867.3

1,384.8

2,077.8

3,192.0

4,876.2

7,645.1

15,465.0

950,812

14,371

2,784

1,750

2,070

8,515

11,693

14,309

17,522

20,054

22,380

25,485

32,805

49,456

79,657

111,237

130,930

141,699

124,811

138,807

277

930.9

896.1

45.9

23.5

29.5

115.4

146.0

160.3

191.6

240.4

299.3

435.6

687.3

1,122.9

1,811.2

2,746.3

4,251.2

6,544.6

10,129.3

18,268.3

Number

902,442 295,209

10,512 13,468

2,082 2,065

1,199 1,046

1,253 1,118

3,183 4,033

3,537 5,792

4,709 7,561

6,215 9,775

7,895 11,144

10,694 11,395

14,303 12,068

19,559 14,388

29,740 18,669

50,044 24,930

75,430 30,666

98,606 31,080

127,386 32,029

147,833 27,681

288,175 36,123

107 176

Rate

846.9

690.0

36.1

17.0

18.8

45.4

46.4

54.1

68.7

95.0

142.1

239.4

393.4

629.2

1,oi16.6

1,528.0

2,398.5

3,798.8

6,333.7

14,400.6

737.9

1,645.0

69.3

2:

114.2

165.8

204.9

266.3

348.9

440.3

629.3

917.2

1,376.2

2,003.0

2,834.6

3,940.9

5,478.9

8,075.5

13,868,8

182,605

7,485

1,185

613

694

3,156

4,509

5,485

6,741

7,547

7,481

7,612

8,752

11,071

14,262

17,119

16,781

16,174

12,722

13,090

126

851.5

1,805.1

78.5

34.3

40.4

176.0

260.2

308.9

392.5

506.3

623.4

857.1

1,215.6

1,632.8

2,652.6

3,721.5

5,252.7

7,225,9

10,289.1

16,080.9

132,604

5,983

880

433

424

677

1,283

2,076

3,034

3,597

3,914

4,456

5,636

7,598

10,668

13,547

14,299

15,855

14,959

23,033

52

634.2

1,480.7

59.9

24.8

25.3

50.5

72.6

108.5

157.6

211.2

282.0

432.9

664.1

1,009.6

1,509.0

2,178,5

3,047.7

4,395.0

6,826.5

12,863.1

265,498

12,290

1,768

676

3,%

5,119

6,838

8,965

10,175

10,356

10,920

12,951

16,852

22,621

27,665

28,022

26,681

24,756

32,047

166

871.0

1,925.9

76.8

32.3

36,6

127.7

192.6

246.0

329.9

431.3

560.4

772.7

1,099.9

1,619.0

2,327.8

3,218.0

4,391.6

5,931.5

8,587.4

14,394.6

145,359

6,811

999

512

601

2,737

3,994

4,949

6,220

6,910

6,817

6,931

7,888

10,055

12,938

15,350

15,000

14,235

11,058

11,236

118

1,008.0

2,112.4

85.6

37.3

45.2

199.7

307.4

374.2

489.8

631.5

765.5

1,074.8

1,467.5

2,185.9

3,094.1

4,256.2

5,929.6

7,986.1

11,243.4

16,954.9

120,139

5,479

769

364

362

730

1,125

1,889

2,745

3,265

3,539

3,989

5,083

6,797

9,683

12,315

13,022

14,446

13,698

20,811

48

747.9

1,735.5

67.6

27.2

27.8

54.3

63,0

129.7

189.6

256.1

349.1

519.1

782.3

1,170.1

1,749.1

2,467.7

3,361.4

4,738.9

7,212.1

13,308.5

1Figures for age not stated are included in All ages but not dWributed emong age groups.

2Deethrates under 1 yeer (based on ~pulatlon estlmetes) dtffer kom infent mortahfy rates (based on Iiie births): see teblea E end 22-2e for infant mortdiy rates and Technisai notes for further

dk-xwion of the difference.
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 3. Abridged life table for the total population, 1990

[For explanation of the columns of the life tables, see section 6 of Vlfa/ StaMcs of the United States, 1988, Volume 11]

Propotilon

dying

Average

remaining

Age Interval Of 100,000 born allve Sfat/onary popu/atlon lifetime

Propotiion of

persons a/We

at beginning of

age inferva/

dyrh~e$;”ng

(2)

Average number

of years of /ife

remaining at

begkrr:~~f age

(7J

Number /iving Number dy/ng

at beghrirrg of dw;g~?e

age Interval

(3) (4)

/n thk+ and all

I;;;:w;y subsequent age

intarvak

(5) (6)

Period of //fe between two

exact agea stated in years

(1)

xtox+n n% lx . d . “L TX $,

o-l...........................

1–5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.540 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3239

85andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0000

100,000

99,073

98,890

98,780

98,653

98,223

97,684

87,077

96,334

95,382

94,179

92,420

89,735

85,634

79,590

71,404

60,557

47,168

31,892

927

183

110

127

430

539

607

743

952

1,203

1,759

2,685

4,101

6,044

8,186

10,847

13,389

15,276

31,692

99,210

395,663

494,150

493,654

492,290

489,794

486,901

483,571

479,425

474,117

466,820

455,809

439,012

413,879

378,369

330,846

270,129

197,857

193,523

0,0093

0.0018

0.0011

0.0013

0.0044

0.00!155

0.0062

0.0077

0.0099

0.0126

0.0187

0.0290

0.0457

0.0706

0.1029

0.1519

0.2211

28.0

24.8

20.8

17.2

13.9

10.9

8.3

193;523 6.1

Table 4. Life expectancy atbirth by race andeexllnited States, 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970-90

All other

A// races White Total Black

Both Both

Year

Both

Male

Both

sexes Fema/e sexes Male Female sexes Male Famala sexes Male Female

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19881 ..,...........,.,.. . . . . .

19871, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19851 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19641. .

19631..::::::::::::::: ::::::::

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...::

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75.4

75.1

74.9

74.9

74.7

74.7

74.7

74.6

74.5

74.1

73.7

73.9

73.5

73.3

72.9

72.6

72.0

71.4

71.2

71.1

70.8

69.7

68.2

62.9

71.8

71.7

71.4

71.4

71.2

71.1

71.1

71.0

70.6

70.4

70.0

70.0

69.6

69.5

69.1

68.8

68.2

67.6

67.4

67.4

67.1

66.6

65.6

60.6

76.1

75.9

75.6

75.6

75.4

75.3

75,3

72.7

72.5

72.2

72.1

71.9

71.8

71.8

71.6

71.5

71.1

70.7

70.8

70.4

70.2

69.9

69.5

69.0

68.5

66.3

68.3

68.0

67.4

66.5

62.1

71.2

70.9

70.8

71.0

70.9

71.0

71,1

70.9

70.9

70.3

69.5

69.6

69.3

66.9

68.4

68.0

67.1

66.1

65.7

73.8

73.3

73.2

73.4

73.4

73.4

73.6

73.5

73.6

73.2

72.5

72.9

72.4

72.0

71.6

71.3

70.3

69.3

69.1

68.9

68.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

78.1

78.1

77.8

77.4

77.8

77.3

77.2

75.2

75.1

74.8

74.4

74.6

74,1

74.0

78.7

78.7

78.4

76.1

78.4

78.0

77.9

77.5

77.3

76.7

76.1

75.9

75.8

75.6

74.1

72.2

66.6

76.8

76.6

75.9

75.3

75.1

73.6

73.4

72.8

72.2

72.0

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,0

74.7

72.0

71.7

70.6

69.1

64.2

65.6

65.3

63.6

60.8

53.1

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73.1

71.1

65.2

1Lifetablevaluea are revisad and, therefore, may diffar from those published in Advance Report or Find MorWfy Staf/st/cs for 1989and earlier yaaw eee Teshnlsel notes.

2Deatha beead on a 50-perCent SSMPle.
Table 5. Age-specfic and age-adjusted death rates for the IS leading causes in l~rJ and selected components Untied States, 1979,1989, and 1990

[Rates par 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

.

Age

AgeCause of deatfr (Ninth Revision International Ail Under T4 5-14 15-24 25-34 3544 45-54 55=64 &5-74 75-s4 85 years

Classification of Dseases, 1975) Year

a@rsted

ages 1 1 year2 years years years years yaars years years years years and ovar rate3

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . , . . . . .390-398,40,2,404+29

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart cfkease. ..390-398

Hypertensive heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease . . . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..410-414

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4II

Angina pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4I3

Old myocardial infarction and other forms of

chronic ischemlc heart disease . . . . . . . . . .412,414

Other diseases of endccardium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

All other forms of heart disease . . . . . .415-423,425+!29

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of tymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant naoplasms of lip, oral cavily, and

pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

andperftoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15r&159

Malgnant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracic organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Seefoofno!esat endoftable.

1880

1969

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1980

1989

1979

{%

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1969

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1988

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

883.8

871.3

852.2

269.5

297.3

326.5

2.4

2.5

3.5

8.5

8.5

9.3

1.0

:::

186.7

201.8

245.5

36.1

100.1

133.8

:::

2.1

0.4

0.4

0.2

98.8

99.9

109.4

5.2

4.9

2.9

75.8

78.7

63.7

203.2

201.0

179.8

3.4

3.3

3.8

48.6

48.5

48.6

58.9

57.6

45.9

971.9

1,027.9

i ,332.9

20.1

20.1

20.2

*

●

*

●

●

*

●

*

0.;

0.9

0.7

●

*

*

●

●

*

●

*

●

*

*

*

●

●

*

18.8

18.6

19.0

2.3

2.8

3.4

*

*

*

●

*

●

*

*

●

46.8

49.8

64.2

1.9

1.9

2.1

●

*

●

●

*

●

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

1.;

E

3.5

3.5

4.6

*

*

*

0.2

*

*

*

*

*

24.0

25.7

31.5

0.9

0.8

0.8

*

*

●

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

:;

0.7

3.1

3.3

4.4

*

*

●

*

:1

*

*

*

99.2

97.6

114.8

2.5

2.5

2.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

*

*

●

*

●

*

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

;:

●

+

*

*

●

*

:;

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

k:

1.9

4.9

5.0

6.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

139.2

140.0

133.0

7.6

8.0

8.4

0.2

::

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.0

●

*

2.5

2.6

3.6

1.4

1.5

2.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

●

*

*

1.0

1.1

::

0.4

0.2

4.3

4.4

3.7

12.6

12.3

13.3

0.2

U

1.5

1.5

1.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

223.2

222.2

229.8

31.4

32.4

45.3

0.7

0.7

1.4

1.6

1.6

E

0.1

0.2

17.3

18.0

30.1

10,0

10.5

21.1

0.3

0.3

0.5

*

●

*

?2

8.4

0.6

0.7

1?:

11.3

11.0

43.3

43.2

48.3

0.8

0.8

i .1

7.2

6.9

8.2

;:

9.8

473.4

480,1

589.7

120.5

125.5

184.6

;::

3.9

5.6

5.8

7.0

0.3

0.3

0.4

77.7

81.2

136.1

46.5

48.9

94.6

1.3

1.0

2.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

29.7

31.1

39.3

1.6

1.3

1.5

33.9

35.3

35.7

158.9

158.9

161.4

3.7

3.8

5.6

31.6

30.5

36.3

48.8

49.3

56.0

1,186.9

1,224.3

1,338.0

367.3

383.0

498.0

4.1

4.0

8.0

13.3

13.9

16,2

E

24?6

259.5

381.0

144.3

152.5

258.9

2.7

2.7

4.8

0.3

0.4

0.3

101.3

103.9

117.0

4.5

4.3

9::

100<3

88.1

449.6

452.5

429.4

10.1

10.4

11.8

95.1

96.4

103.9

166.5

165.0

140.9

2,648.6

2,693.8

2,929.0

894.3

928.1

1,188.8

U

16.0

26.3

26.3

35.7

2.8

2.7

5.1

627.0

650.0

926.6

342.1

362.1

577.2

E

8.2

1.3

1.3

0.9

279.0

282.0

340.3

13.3

13.0

11.6

215.9

228.8

204.8

872.3

867.8

800.0

14.1

13.6

16.3

203.1

205.9

221.9

296.1

292.1

231.0

6,007.2

6,083.3

6,496.6

2,295.7

2,378.9

2,925.2

18.7

19.5

20.6

60.9

62.7

.79.6

8.1

8.7

16.8

1,602.5

1,655.2

2,224.8

793.6

829.3

1,135.2

8.6

8.9

15.3

3.6

3.7

2.1

796.7

813.2

1,072.2

46.0

43.9

27.5

559.5

588.9

555.9

1,348.5

1,326.0

1,207.6

17.0

15.5

18.1

358.6

357.6

388.7

344.1

333.5

238.1

15,327.4

15,409.6

14,962.4

8,739.9

6,866.7

7,310.9

29.3

27.9

25.2

173.4

167.6

170.3

22.6

24.8

50.9

4,498.1

4,577.2

5,376.1

1,695.5

1,737.8

1,916.3

21.2

24,2

30.2

11.9

11.0

4.6

2,769.4

2,804.2

3,424.9

140.2

128.4

47.1

1,876.4

1,942.9

1,641.4

1,752.9

1,703.7

1,522.9

23.1

20.1

23.7

553.8

550.4

547.8

252.9

238.0

170.3

520.2

528.0

577,0

152.0

157.5

199.5

1.5

1.5

2.6

4.8

4,9

6.0

0.5

U

102.6

106.2

149,7

53.7

56.5

88,2

0.9

0.8

1.5

0.2

0.2

0.1

47.8

48.7

59.9

2.5

2.4

1.8

40.1

41.9

38.4

135.0

134.5

130.8

2.4

2.4

3.0

30.2

30.3

33.1

41.4

40.8

35.2
Table 5. Age-specific and age-adjuated death rates for the 15 leading causes in 1990 and selected components: United States, 1979, 1989, and 1990– Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specifiad group. For explanation of astarisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Age

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International

AgeAll Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 2544 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+4

Classification of OLseases, 1975)

65 years adjusted

Year ages 1 1 yearz years years years years years years years years years and over rate3

Malignant neoplasm of breast. . . . . . . . . . ..174-175

Malignant neoplasms of genital organs . . . . ..178-187

Malignant neoplasms of urinary organs . . . . ...186-189

Matiinant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sites . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430438

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and

adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseeees end alfied

concfiiions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Oiabetes melMus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95&E959

Chronic fiier disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Human immunodeficiency virw infection . . . . . .*042–*044

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

f989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1879

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1989

1979

1990

1979

17.8

17.5

15.4

23.1

22.3

20.2

8.3

8.2

7.8

24.2

24,7

21.6

7.5

7.4

7.3

11.7

11.5

9.1

57.9

59.0

75.5

37.0

38.5

46.9

1&8

19.3

23.8

18.2

19.2

23.1

34.9

34.2

22.2

32.0

31.0

20.1

19.2

19.0

14.8

12.4

12.2

12.1

10.4

10.8

13.2

10.1

8.9

-..

●

●

●

●

☛

●

●

●

●

1.3

1.3

1.7

0.6

0.8

0.8

●

●

●

3.8

3.3

4,6

23.6

25.8

31.5

4.9

5.6

6.5

18.6

20.2

25.0

1.4

1.2

1;?

16.5

33.0

●

*

*

. . .

. . .

. . .

*

*

1.0

E

-..

●

☛

●

●

☛

o.;

0.2

0.2

1.9

1.8

2.2

1.1

1.1

1.3

0.;

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

17.3

18.9

26.5

6.3

6.9

9.8

11.1

12.1

16.7

0.4

0.4

0.5

1.2

;:

●

0.;

. . .

. . .

. . .

●

*

●

0.8

0.8

●

☛

●

●

●

●

0.1

0.1

0.2

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.1

1.2

1.5

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

10.4

11.8

16.1

5.9

6.5

8.3

4.5

5.3

7.7

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.8

0.7

0.4

●

*

●

0.2

0.2

. . .

*

●

●

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.8

1.9

2.3

1.4

;::

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.9

43.9

44.8

62.6

34.1

34.6

45.6

9.8

10.2

17.0

:::

0.3

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.3

0.4

IH

13.0

12.4

0.1

0.2

0.2

1.5

1.6

---

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.6

0.3

0.2

0.2

3.6

3.5

3.7

1.5

1.6

1.5

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.1

2.6

37.0

38.3

45.7

23.6

23.8

28.8

13.4

14.6

16.9

0.7

0.7

0.5

1.8

2.0

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.4

15.2

15.2

16.3

2.1

2.3

%

17.9

..-

9.0

9.0

9.1

4.0

3.6

4.7

1.0

1.0

1.1

8.4

8.5

8.6

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.3

3.5

3.0

6.5

6.5

8.1

31.3

32.6

38.4

16.9

17.3

21.0

14.4

15.2

17.4

1.6

1.7

1.7

3.8

3.9

3.2

4.0

3.9

1;:

14.6

15.4

9.7

9.9

13.9

27.4

23.5

. . .

23.4

23.3

25.3

11.3

11.0

14.5

5.0

5.0

5.7

21.8

23.1

24.0

4.6

4.6

5.0

8.4

8.3

8.6

18.7

18.6

26.4

29.4

30.4

39.4

15.6

15.7

18.6

13.8

14.7

20.8

9.1

9.3

9.3

7.0

6.9

1?;

11.3

1::

14.8

16.5

18.0

19.2

31.0

15.2

13.3

.-.

41.8

42.5

41.3

34.3

34.2

35.6

15.7

15.7

15.1

52.7

54.6

49.8

11.6

11.9

11.7

21.7

21.9

19.5

48.0

49.6

68.1

34.3

35.6

43.5

15.9

16.0

18.2

18.3

19.5

25.2

48.9

50.6

40.2

18.6

18.3

16.4

33.0

32.7

25.8

16.0

15.7

16.6

29.9

31.8

40.9

::

. . .

83.2

63.2

56.6

94.0

91.1

88.3

33.3

33.6

34.6

93.1

85.2

86.4

26.3

26.7

25.7

47.1

46.3

39.5

144.4

147.3

226.9

46.6

49.3

58.8

16.6

19.4

20.7

28.0

29.9

38.1

152.5

151.5

117.0

59.1

58.3

47,8

73.6

73.7

61.3

17.9

18.3

17.8

34.9

36.3

41.8

2.0

1.8

---

92.2

91.7

77.4

193.8

185.3

176.0

64.3

63.4

85.6

143.7

146.6

130.2

51.2

49.9

50.2

83.7

82.6

63.1

499.3

515.1

793.8

100.3

104.1

117.8

29.1

29.5

28.7

71.2

74.6

89.2

321.1

310.9

200.6

253.5

243.9

184.2

145.2

143.8

130.3

24.9

22.9

20.8

34.1

33.9

28.3

0.7

0.7

---

142.6

138.4

114.2

292.2

280.9

252.0

101.3

98.6

97.0

203.7

205.6

175.8

79.2

75.5

77.3

104.1

98.0

66.0

1,633.9

1,671.6

2,264.9

257.1

261.6

276.0

31.2

29.5

24.4

225.9

232.0

251.6

433.3

413.5

230.2

1,140.0

1,110.3

694.9

255.0

251.7

211.6

22.2

23.4

17.9

23.4

23.7

18,1

●

*

. . .

12.7

12.7

12.2

13.6

13.2

13.6

5.1

5.1

5.2

16.9

17.3

16.4

5.0

5.0

5.3

7.7

7.7

6.7

27.7

28.3

41.6

32.5

33.9

42.9

18.5

18.9

23.2

14.0

15.0

19.6

19.7

19.6

14.6

14.0

13.8

11.2

11.7

11.6

9.8

11.5

11.3

11.7

8.6

9.0

12.0

9.8

8.7

.-.
Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E96f)-E978 1990

1969

1979

Nephritis, naphrotic syndrome, and nephrosis . . ..580-589 1990

1989

1979

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038 1990

1989

1979

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . ..44o 1990

1989

1979

certain condition originating in the perhsatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779 1990

1989

1979

10.0

9.3

10.0

8.3

8.6

7.0

7.7

7.8

3.6

7.3

7.6

12.6

8.4 2.6 1.5

6.7 2,7 1.5

5.0 2.5 1.1

3.8 0.2 0.1

5.1 0.1

6.4 0; 0.2

6.8 0.7 0.1

7.5 0.6 0.1

7.6 0.5 0.1

* ● *

* * *

* ● *

19.9

16.5

14.5

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

U

●

*

●

17.7 11.8 7.6 5.0 3.8 4.3

16.5 11.0 7.7 5.1 4.1 4.2

18.2 14.3 10.8 7.0 5.4 4.8

0.5 1.4 2.9 8.2 23.9 69.7

0.6 1.3 2.9 6.8 24.7 72.4

0.7 1.5 3.7 8.5 23.7 64.7

0.7 1.5 3.1 8.0 20.9 60.2

0.7 1.7 3.2 8.0 20.5 62.1

0.4 0.8 2.2 4.9 12.4 29.7

*

0.1 0.6 3.2 12.3 53.2

*

0.1 0.7 3.4 13.1 58.5

*

0.1 0.9 4.6 24.4 125.3

443.0 0.9 0.1 * ● * ● * * ●

481.2 0.9 0.1 ● ● ● ● ● * ●

680.7 0.6 ●

● ● ● ● ● * ●

4.6

4.4

5.0

199.1

200.8

155.2

163.7

190.4

70.3

318.0

347.2

649.1

*

●

●

10.2

9.4

10.2

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.2

2.3

2.7

3.0

5.7

(’)

(’)

(’)

1HgureS for ~ nd qated era Mudti in Ail ages fM not distributed am~9 a9e 9mPs.

2~athmte5underl ~esr@~M wpulati~e ~timafes)dflertiMi nfantm~r~r ates@sw~M vebiflhs);s whbbsEa nd22-26fori nfentmOtiardymtesandT whn@lnOtesf ~dlscuas~nO fthedfleren@.

3F~~fh~dwptilM, saaTeshnkxdnotes.

4Beseuse deaths frem thla cause wsur primarify among infants, age-adjuated rates are not shown.

NOTE Rates for 1s69 have been rw”ssd; w Teshrric-?dnotes.
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified race-sex groups: United States, 1990

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterkk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of death, race, and sex (Ninth Revision

orderl International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rste

Rank Cause of death, race, and sex (Ninth Revision

order 1 International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

All races, both sexes

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of hearl . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues .140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . .430-438

Accidents and adverae effects . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonay diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . .480-487

Diabetes mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . ...571

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..’042-’044

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

White, male

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasea of heart . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoletic tissues .14cr-208

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,EE126-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . 43-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . .480+87

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’042-’044

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . ..571

All other causes. . . . . . . . . .Residual

White, female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . .140-208

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430-438

Pneumonia andlnfluenza. . . . . . .480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . .490+96

Accidents and adverse effects . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . , ,E800-E807,E628-E949

Diabetes mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

andnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . .580–589

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

All other, male

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues .140-208

Accidenfa and adverse effects . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Homicide andlegal intervention . . .E960-E976

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . .43&138

All other, male - Con.

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,..*O42-*O44

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . .480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

All other, female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlseaaesofhearf . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues. .140-208

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents andadverseeffeots . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . , .E800-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . ...480-487

Certain conditions originating in the perlnatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Homicide andlegal intervention . . . .E960-E978

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and

allled conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black, male2

Al[ causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopolefic tissues. .140-206

Homicide andlegal lntefvention. . . .E960-E978

Accidente and adverse effects . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . .430-438

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . , ..480-487

Certain conditions originating in the perlnatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . .490-$96

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black, female 2

Alloauses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases ofhearl . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues. .140-208

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430438

Diabetes mellltus . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents andadverseeffeots. . . . .E80&E949

Motor vehicle accidents. . . . . . . .E810-E826

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . .480-487

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Homicide andlegal intervention. . . .E960-E978

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosls, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..680-589

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andallled conditions . . . . . . . . . . . .490-498

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

2,148,463 863.8 6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. ..

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

.,,

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

;

3

4

5

6

. . .

.,.

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

4

5

6,280

4,797

4,1S2

4,001

3,449

33,075

132,604

41,268

28,062

10,8139

5,5’19

4,459

2,045

2,414

3,910

3,1137

2,322

2,316

2,209

28,481

145,359

37,038

31,995

9,981

8,756

4,046

4,710

7,653

6,097

4,161

3,762

3,628

3,049

29,239

120,139

38,C173

25,082

9,754

5,065

3,663

1,514

2,149

3,402

2,982

2,‘163

2,049

2,027

25,879

32.9

25.1

21.9

21.0

18.1

173.2

634.2

197.4

134.2

52.1

26.4

21.3

9.8

11.5

18.7

15.1

11.1

11.1

10.6

136.2

1,006.0

256.8

221.9

69.2

60.7

26.1

32.7

53.1

42.3

28,9

26.1

25.2

21.1

202.8

747.9

237.0

156.1

60.7

31.5

22.8

9.4

13.4

21.2

18.6

13.5

12.8

12.6

161.1

720,058 269.5

505,322

144,088

91,983

46,814

203.2

57.9

37.0

18.8

45,169 18.2

86,679

79,513

47,664

30,906

25,815

34.9

32.0

19.2

12.4

10,4

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

25,188

391,247

10.1

157,3

950,812 930.9

319,362 312.7

232,608

51,348

27,28a

227.7

50.3

26.7

24,060

48,024

23.6

47.0

45,234

32,101

22,448

16,817

44.3

31.4

22.0

16.5

16,106

13,889

152,875

15.8

13.6

149.7

902,442 846.9

318,002 298.4

208,977

76,502

38,705

196.1

71.8

36.3

32.8

24.0

11.6

34,945

25,566

12,363

13,223

21,879

10,315

8,670

12.4

20.5

9.7

8.1

8,550

150,311

8.0

141.1

162,605 851.5

41,426 216.9

35,675

10,590

5,118

166,8

55.5

26a

5,472

10,457

8,673

26.7

54.8

45.4

lRank basedon number of death% see Technical notes.

281ack included in All other.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S). January 7, 1993 ~ 21

Table 7. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In speclffed age groups: United States, 1990

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Classification of Oiseases, 1975) Number Rate

Rank Cause of death and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

1+ years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . . . . .E980-E978

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . ..’042-’044

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. flesidual

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-208

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

f%eaSeS Of heart . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404+429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . . . . . .E980-E978

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

6,931 48.8

2,568 17.3

928 6.3

. . .

1

...

.,,

2

3

4

5

;

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

.,.

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

143,653

27,663

16,488

178.2

34.3

20.5

. . .

1

.. .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

;

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

1,638 11.1

896 8.0 11,175 13.9

21,850 26.9 513 3.5

378 2.6

282 1.9

171 1.2

18,748

15,045

12,267

12,060

4,505

3,352

2,164

2,178

24,001

23.3

18.7

15.2

15.0

5.6

4.2

2.7

2.7

29.8

134 0.9

123 0.8

100 0.7

81 0.5

1,667 11.4

5-T4 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E81C-E825

All other accidents and advarse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . .140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . . . . . .E960-E976

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95GE959

Pneumonia and influenza. . , . . . . . . . . . . .480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

condtiions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

of uncertain behavior and of unspecified

nature . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ..,........210-239

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-64 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues , . . . . . , . . . . . .140-208

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . .571

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

8,436 24.0 371,304 804.2

3,650

2,059

10.4

5.9 134,742

107,750

14,814

14,607

7,262

291.8

233.4

32.1

31.6

15.8

1,591 4.5

1,094

512

468

308

264

134

3.1

1.5

?9

0.6

0.4

7,325 15.9

12,605

10,806

9,603

7,101

5,673

27.3

23.4

21.2

15.4

12.3

115 0.3

100 0.3 5,126

48,277

11.1

104.6

84 0.2

1,707 4.9 65 years and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1.542.4934.963.2

Diseases ofhearl . . . . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429 594,8581,914.0

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms Of fymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-208 345,387 1,111.3

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438 125,409 403.5

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490496 72,755 234.1

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . , . ..480-467 70,485 226.8

Diabetes meliiius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250 35,523 114.3

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . .E800-E949 26,213 64.3

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825 7,210 23.2

Afl other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949 19,003 61.1

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589 17,306 55.7

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440 17,158 55.2

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038 15,351 49.4

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual 222,0482,045.9

15-24 yeara

Alicauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents andadverseeffecte. . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effeots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,E800-E807,E826-E949

Homicide andlegal intewenfion. . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Mefignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoiefic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . .140-208

Diseases of heart . . . . . . ., . ..390-398.402,404429

Human Immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-436

Pneumonia and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..460-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Another oauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. flesidual

36,733 99.2

16,241 43.9

12,607 34.1

3,634 9,8

7,354 19.9

4,869 13.2

1,819 4.9

917 2.5

541 1.5

491 1.3

234 0.6

231 0.6

178 0.5

3,858 10.4

1Rank based on number of desttw see Technical notes.
Table 8. Deaths from 72 selected causes by age: United States, 1990

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of deatfr (Ninth Revision International All Under t-f 5–14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84

Classlfkation of Diseases, 1975)

85 years Not

ages

f year years years years years years yeare yaara vears vears and ovar stated

All causes................................ ‘“ ‘-

..

Shigellosis andamebieais.............. ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections......... ...007-009

Tuberculosis...................... ...010-018

Tubwculosis ofrespiratory system....... ...010-012

Other tuberculosis.................. ..013+18

Whooping cough...................... ...033

Streptococcal sore throat, acartatina,

anderyaipeles.................... ...034-035

Meningococcallnfection.................. ...036

Septicemia.......................... ...036

fi:::le~liomyelitis..................... ...045

.055

~mlhepa~tk:::::::::::::: :: :: :::: :::: :.070

syphilis......................... ...090-087

Allolher infectious andparasitii

diseaaes.............. .001-003,005,020-032,037,

038-041 ,“042-’044: 046-054,05H@3,071 -066,096-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopdatictissues................. ..I*203

M$#&t naoplasms of lip, oral cavity, and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.....140-149

Mat’ ~antneoplasms ofdigesfive organs

ar$peritoneum .150-159

Mafiinant naopls&~ ~f “r&p”i&~o~ and”int;a~ho”mcic . .18C-165

M%&%r{rieopla;rno~ bre&t: :::::: :; :: ..174-175

Maliinantneoplasms gen”tilorgans...... ...179-187

Ma~gnantneopIasms ofurinatyorgans.... ...186-169

Ma~gnant neoplaems of all other and unspecified

sites................... ...170-173.190-199

Leukemia....................... ...204-203

Other malignant neoplasms of iymphatic

and hematopoietlctiaeues............. .200-203

Benign naoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms of

uncertain behavior andofunspacifiid nature... .210-239

Diabetesmellitus...................... ...250

Nutritionef deficiencies................ ...260-269

Anemias.......................... ..280–285

Meningitis........................ ...320-322

~iseasesof heart

Maorcardiovasculardiseases........... ...390-448

. .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever”&d”rh&”rnekheartcfisease. .390-396

Hypertensive heart disease............. ...402

Hy extensive heart and renal disease....... ...404

kcRemicheartdisease............. ...410-414

Acute myocardial infarction............ ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

iechemlc heartdisease............... ..411

An inapectoria................... ...413

Oh?myocardial infarction and other forms of

chronic ischemic heart disease........ .412,414

Otherdiseasesofendooardium.......... ...424

Altotherfonnsofheart

disease................. ..41!%23.425-429

Hypertenslonwith orwithout renalcfisease.. ...401.403

Cerebmvasculardiaeases............ ...430-438

Intrecarabral and other intracranial

hemorrhage.................... ..431~2

2,148,463

4!:

1,610

1,376

432

12

2;:

19,169 1,5%

106

32,214

505,322

6,405

120,765

146,386

43,863

57,487

20,654

60,221

16,574

29,187

6,752

47,884

3,017

4,092

1,017

916,007

720,058

6,018

21,072

2,377

469,171

239,006

3,333

1,070

245,760

13,004

166,416

9,169

144,088

20,575

38,351

9i21

142

2%

1;

2;

370

8064i

52

24

71

1:

1;?

863

7947;

26

16—

10

17

743

14:

61

6,931

1:6:1

1%

2;41

222

5131

253

2i

279

170

15

757

5:

3:;

28221G547

263

4;

12

8,436A3;

li

46i2

192

1,0945

15

13i

32

581

382

81

100

241%

401

30882

1;

107

1:

265

7$

19

W,7W i

23

13

10

3:

647

382

728

1,619

23

107

40

1:?

24

675

535

283

1%

12:

1,2;:

917

35

16

11:

7131

38

34

712

2;:

83

MJ,UY12

14:

95

491

3::

11:8

9,107

5,427

65

627

340

629

563

106

1,561

666

646

213

674

1:;

4,4:

3,280

102

148

1,6

607

224

430

119

1,837

9%

315

----- ----- ----- ------ 252,696

22:7

11,107

16,223

306

2,636

2,703

3,360

1,505

388

3,157

872

1,222

296

1,510

31

195

14,7%

11.755

“253

608

6,4%

3,745

110

17

2,603

224

4,140

181

2,415

916

11ts,ou5

1

1::

129

592

78!

18;9

4,496

39,823

928

7,930

12,236

5,655

2,842

1,253

5,461

1,207

2,111

399

2,834

1:

36,2%

30,204

374

1,399

19,4;?

11,681

320

22

7,454

397

8,;::

4,690

1,730

2

2::

191

761

1,6!!:

2G

7

2,238

94,919

2,138

20,069

35,162

8,634

7,245

3,317

11,134

2,443

4,577

755

6,969

125

272

116

91,820

77,546

856

2,810

211

52,461

30,457

560

72

21,392

954

20,232

895

10,124

2,853

477,949

1

3;;

307

752

3,7;:

39;9

1,749

157,413

2,537

36,651

53,769

ll,4fo

16,966

6,016

18,793

4,754

8,497

1,529

13,260

331

604

198,%

161,373

1,624

4,745

501

113,139

61,739

811

236

50,353

2,396

38,986

1,988

26,054

4,8643

601,4394

4%

335

712

6,0~:

29;

25

1,334

135,011

1,703

35,807

34,451

9,226

19,399

6,435

14,385

5,123

6,380

2,006

14,537

908

1,124

128

296,718

229,844

1,871

6,099

814

160,442

79,454

864

357

79,767

4,604

56,014

3,003

49,966

6,344

463,105

101

209

174

353

5,55:

6:

13

657

52,963

697

16,732

7,640

4,310

8,830

3,060

6,156

2,393

3,145

1,214

7,706

1,532

1,299

270, 1:;

203,641

884

5,239

135,%

51,226

642

360

83,676

4,236

56,694

2,639

49,367

3.270

562—4

14

2765231;141—

12;

104i

47

151

252

58

1:4
Cerebral thrombosis and unspec”tid occlusion of

ceratml arterks.............. ...434.0.434.9

Cerebra ambolisrn................ ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

diSOSSOS................ ..430.433,435.-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

endcapillaries.................... ..441q48

Acute bmnchffs andbrunchlolilis............ ...486

Pneumoniaand influenza.............. ...460-487

Pneumonia...................... ...430-486

Influenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedconditions................ ...490-498

Bmnchtis, chronic and unspecified...... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedconditions............... ...494-496

(JIcerofstomach andduodenum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and Intestinal obstruction without

mentionofhemia................. .550-553,560

Chmnicliierdisease andcinmsis............ ..57I

CholelWaaisandother disorders ofgallbladder. ..574-575

Nephriis, nephmtic syndrome, andnephrosis.. .,560-589

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome....................... ..5613-5sI

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrilis and

nephropathy, not specifiid as acute or chronic,

andrenal scleroses,unspacified....... .582-563,567

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired renal

function, and small ktiney of unknown

CSUSO................... ..534-536.5s3-5s9

Infectionsofkidney........... .,........ ...590

Hyperplasiaofpmstate................... ...600

Complioatiins ofpregnency, childbirth,andthe

puerperium...................... ...530-676

pregnancywith abortive outcome......., ...630-638

Othercompliitions ofpregnanoy,chHdbirth, andthe

pueqxxium..................... ...640-676

Congen.tianomalies............... ...74.0-759

Certain condtinsoriginating intheperinatal

period.......................... ..7*779

Birth trauma intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyda, andresplratory disfress.syndmrne. .,767-769

C?therconditions originating in the perinetal

w........

.......... ...760-766.770-779

Symptoms, algns, andilldefined mndiions.. ...780-799

Another diseases.................... .. Residual

A@dentaandadvaraeeffects..

..........E&yj-Eg4g

Motor vehicle accidents.............. .E810-EEZ5

All other accidents and adverse

effects.............

.. .. E600-E607,E826-E949

Suickfe......................... .. E950-E959

HOM!C.kk3Wtd k4gdhN01Ventk)n......... ..E91X)-E978

Another extemai aauaes.............. .. E8s0-E999

18,261

651

104,601

18,047

24,645

633

79,513

77,415

2,096

86,679

3,600

15,706

4,819

62,554

6,186

438

5,636

25,815

3,022

20,764

296

1,521

18,947

1,226

455

343

57

286

13,065

17,674

3,871

13,603

24,137

172,681

91,963

46,814

45,162

30,906

24,932

2,390

15

721

15

75

634

6277

55

39

12495

87

16

15:

101

1406 . . . . . . . . .

6,239

17,462

3,819

13,663

6,409

1,655

930

195

735 . . .

332

53

7

267

16

171

161

10

55

231

24737

237

2454

151

...

...

...

896

134

28

106

270

864

2,566

928

1,638 . . .

378

31

11—

431

176

134

122

12

1157

10264

13

2771

2038

11

466

29

16

lE

1,030

3,650

2,059

1,591

264

512

53

.20

1311

625

231

2265

1767

16:

10

11

11

22

445

573

11

439

107

19

88

49153

71:

1,742

16,241

12,607

3,634

4,669

7,354

310

476

569

14

1935

762

7566

300

19

13

237

31

57

12

32

689

22

2157

31

1778—

160

28

134

473633

1,693

3,908

15,950

10,170

5,780

6,550

7,643

647

1614

1,334

33

376

1,4:;

1,402

14

608

38

71

332

167

126

30

3,6:

43

531

11

72

446

34

73

11

62

454211

2,015

6,865

11,713

6,318

5,395

5,717

4,417

562

364

18

2,578

162

769

11

1,751

1,717

34

2,277

95

417

502

1,263

252

32

135

4,500

67

724

18

74

632

4431

36:21

1,35;

8,596

7,375

3,917

3,456

3,718

1,892

263

1,097

42

6,132

674

2,561

49

3,922

3,826

96

10,328

388

2,213

738

6,991

576

55

334

6,306

212

1,736

25

134

1,577

93

17 ...

.,. ...

41211

1,701

15,643

7,232

3,365

3,687

3,363

1,055

177

3,145

139

17,602

2,220

7,109

90

10,665

10,419

246

27,518

898

5,642

1,125

19,653

1,360

92

6,%!

630

4,312

59

307

3,946

199

56 ... ... ...

54711

2,579

31,656

6,405

3,350

5,055

3,230

662

127

6,458

267

36,919

5,331

8,552

157

25,377

24,753

624

32,145

1,271

5,671

1,074

24,129

2,023

114

1,980

3,419

1,027

6,978

82

495

6,401

436

180 .. . .. . .. .

4761

3,39:

52,053

10,041

2,917

7,124

2,493

430

65

6,935

175

36,967

9,607

4,943

200

34,443

33,399

1,044

13,092

817

1,677

512

10,086

1,764

67

2,217

706

1,010

6,016

73

386

5,557

466

200 ... ... ...

2594

3,60:

46,661

7,767

943

6,624

671

139

44
Table 9. Death rates for72selected causes byage: United States, 1990

Na

[Rates per 100,0+30 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notea] II

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International

Classification of Oiseases, 1975)

Allcauses................................

Shigellosis andamebiasis............. ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections......... ...007-009

Tuberculosis...................... ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system....... ...010-012

Othertuberculoais.................. ..013+18

Whoopingwugh...................... ...033

Streptococcel sore throat, scerlafina,

anderysipelas..................... ..03W35

Meningococcalinfection.................. ...036

Septicemia.......................... ...038

Acutepoliomyelitis..................... ...045

Measles............................ ...055

Virslhepatitis......................... ...070

Svohilis......................... ...090-097

Afi’othar infectious and parasitic

diseases............. ..001--OO3,OO5,O2O-O32,o37,

039-041 ,’042–’044,046-054,056-086,071 +38,096–1 39

Mali nantnrioplasms,, including neoplasms ofiymphatic

an! hematopoietictwsues.............. .140–206

Mahgnant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

andpharynx.................... ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs and

$;~;;~f~~pla;rn; o~re~draio~a~d” “““ ‘“ ““w’”

intrathoracicorgans................ .160-t65

Ma~gnant neoplasmofbreast.......... ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgen”tilorgans.... ...178-167

Ma~@ant neoplasms ofunnary organs.... ...188-189

Ma~gnantneoplasms ofallotherand

unspecified sites............ ..1713-173.190-199

Leukemia....................... ...204-206

Other mafignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietictissues............. .200-203

Benign neoplasms, oercinoma in situ, and neoplasms of

uncertain behavior andofunspecfied natura... .210-239

Oiabetesmelliius...................... ...250

Nutritbnal defffiiencies................ ...260--269

Anemiaa.......................... ..280–285

Meningitis........................ ...320-322

Ma” rcerdiovsaculardiseases........... ...390-448

&esaee of heart........... .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .390-396

Hypertensive heartdisasse............. ...402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease....... ...404

lschemicheeRdieeaae............. ...410-414

Acute mvocardisd infamtion............ ...410

othera~uteendsubacute fonmsof

iechemic heartdisease................ .411

Anginapaotons................... ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forma

ofchronic ischemic heart disease...... .412,414

Otherdiseasesofendocardium.......... ...424

Njigweforrns of heart

.415-423,42S429

Hypertenai~&h”& “w”ith&t\;;ai&&e.. ...401.403

Cerabmveeculsrdiseaaes............ ...430-438

Intrecerebrel and other intracranial

hemorrhage................... ...481-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

owlusbno fcxsrebrsfsrteries........ .434.0,434.9

(lerebrel embofiem.................. ..~~-l

A~i&tig&d late effeots of cerebmvascufer . .430,433,435-438

Atheroscleme~s”.”.-.”.-.”. ”.”.”.”.”.”.”.”.”....... .“.. .~o

All Under 14 5-14 15-24 25-34 3$44 45-54 55-# 65-74 75+34

ages11 yearz

85 years

years yeare years years yeara years years years years and over

15,327.4●

3.3

6.9

5.8

1.2●

663.8

0.;

0.7

0.6

0.2●

0.;

7.7

0.;

0.6

0.0

13.0

203.2

3.4

48.6

58.9

17.6

23.1

8.3

24.2

7.5

11.7

1::;

1.2

1.6

32:

289.5

2.4

8.5

19;;

96.1

1.3

0.4

98.8

5.2

75.8

5?:

8.3

7.3

o.~

42.1

7.3

971.9

2.;*●●●●

k:

●●

0.;

9.4

2.3●*●●*●

k:

●

1.8*

0.;

22:

20.1*●

0.;*●●*●

18.8

3.;

1.5●●

1.8*

46.8**●*●●

0.;

0.7

0.;

*●

1.5

3.5*

0.2●●

0.;

1.9

1.1*

0.5*● U

2.3

1.9●*●●●●*●*

1.8

0.;

●●●

0.2*

24.0*●●*●●●

0.;●*●*

0.5

3.1**●●

0.:

1.6

1.1

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.;

0.1

k;

●●****●*●

0.8

0.;**●

0.1●

99.2*

0.;●**

0.;

0.2*

0.;●

2.0

4.9

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.;

0.1

1.8

1.4

0.8

0.3

0.3

0.:

::

2.5

0.14

0.;

0.2●●

0.1

0.1

1.9

0.:

0.2

0.1●

0.:

139.2*

0.:

0.2

0.1●●

0.;●

0.;*

21.1

12.6

0.2

1.5

0.8

1.5

;:

3.6

1.5

2.0

0.5

1.6

0.:

1;:

7.6

0.2

0.3

0.0

2.5

1.4

0.1* U

4.3

0.1

2.2

0.7

0.1●

1.3●

223.2●

0.;

0.3

0.1●●

1.;*

0.:*

29.7

43.3

0.8

7.2

7.2

9.0

4.0

1.0

8.4

2.3

3.3

0.8

4.0

0.1

0.5

3:::

31.4

0.7

1.6

1?;

10.0

0.3*

7.0

0.6

11.1

0.5

6.5

2.4

0.4*

3.6

0.1

473.4●

0.;

0.5

0.2●*

3.;*

0.;●

17.9

158.9

3.7

31.6

48.8

23.4

11.3

5.0

21.8

4.8

8.4

1;::

0.2

0.6

1.&

120.5

::

0.3

77.7

46.5

;:

29.7

1.6

33.9 1;7

6.9

1.5●

10.3

0.6

1,196.9

o.;

;:

0.4●●

8.;●

1.;●

10.6

449.6

10.1

95.1

166.5

41.8

34.3

15.7

52.7

11.6

21.7

2:

0.6

1.3

43::

367.3

4.1

13.3

22:

144.3

2.7

0.3

101.3

4.5

95.8

d:

13.5

5.2

0.2

29.0

3.2

2,648.6

0.;

2.1

1.7

0.4●●*

20.9●

2.;*

9.7

872.3

14.1

203.1

298.1

63.2

94.0

33.3

93.1

26.3

47.1

8.5

73.6

::

0.8

1,101.3

894.3

9.0

26.3

62%

342.1

4.5

1.3

279.0

13.3

215.9

11.0

144.4

27.5

17.4

0.8

96.7

12.3

6,007.2

0.:

4.1

3.3

0.7*●

60.;

●

2.;

0.2

13.3

1,346.5

17.0

356.6

344.1

92.2

193.8

64.3

143.7

51.2

63.7

20.0

145.2

1:;

2,96$;

2,295.7

18.7

60.9

1,&Ii:

783.6

8.6

3.6

796.7

48.0

559.5

30.0

499.3

63.4

64.5

2.7

368.7

53.2

553.8~v

252.90

142.6~

292.2

101.3

:

203.7~

79.2~

.

104.1zo

2,769.4

140.2

1,876.4

87.3

1,633.9

108.2

229.5

5.8

1,290.4

318.0
Pneumonia andinfiuenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460467

Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480486

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...487

Chronic obetructiie pulmonary diseases and allied

condtiona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-498

Bronchiis, ohronic andunspacfied . . . . . . ...490491

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...492

Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalffed condit!cms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...494-496

Ulcer of stomach and duodenum . . . . . . . . . ...531-533

Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal obstruction without

mentfonofhemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,550-553,560

Chronic fiver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Cholefithlasis and other disorders of gallbladder. ..574-575

Nephritis, nephrofic syndrome, and nephrosis . ...580-589

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-581

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, not specified as acute or chronic,

and renal sclerosis, unspecified . . . . . . . .582–583,587

Renal failure, disorders resuKingfrom impaired

renal function, and small kdney of

unknowrrcause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584-586,566-589

Infectfonsofkfdney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...590

Hyperplasiaofprostate, .,,..... . . . . . . . . . . ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbhth, and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-676

Pregnancywith abortfveoutcome. . . . . . . . ...830-636

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...640-676

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Cetin conditions originating in the perinatal I

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Birth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome , ..767-769

Other conditions originating in the perinafal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-766,770-779

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions . . ...780-799

Allotherdiseeses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Accidente andadverseeffects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motorvehicka accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81C+E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .E800-E607,E826-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E950-E959

Homicide and legalinterventkm . . . . . . . . . . .E86GE978

Allotherextemal ceuses. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E999

9.9

0.3

32.0

31.1

0.8

34.9

1.4

6.3

1.9

25.2

2.5

0.2

2.3

10.4

1.2

8.3

0.1

0.6

7.6

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.3

7.1

1.6

5.5

9.7

69.5

37.0

18.8

18.2

12.4

10.0

1.0

● ☛

1.9 - *

16.1 1.2

15.9 1.1

● ●

1.4 0.4

1.0 0.2

● ●

● 0.2

● ●

● ●

* 4

2.2 0.2

* ●

*

3.; 0.2

* ●

● ☛

3.5 *

● *

* *

. . . . . .

. .. . . .

.. .

208.8 60

443.0 0.9

96.8 0.2

346.3 0.7

162.4 1.8

41.9

23.6 1::

4.9 6.3

16.6 11.1

. . .

8.4 26

1.3 0.2

●

●

0.4

0.3

●

0.3

●

●

0.3

*

●

●

0.1

*

*

0.1

*

*

●

*

●

*

●

*

1.3

0.1

*

*

0.4

2.9

10.4

5.9

4.5

0.8

1.5

0.2

0.2

0.:

0.6

●

0.5

●

●

0.4

*

●

●

0.1

0.1

●

0.2

●

*

0.1

*

●

0.3

*

0.2

1.3

●

●

*

1.9

4.7

43.9

34.1

1P2

19.9

0.6

0.4

●

1.8

1.6

●

0.7

●

●

0.5

0.1

0.1

●

0.1

2.1

0.1

0.5

*

0.1

0.4

*

*

0.4

0.1

0.3

1.1

●

*

3.;

9.1

37.0

23.6

13.4

15.2

17.7

1.5

1.0

3.:

3.7

*

::

0.2

0.9

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.3

9.7

0.1

1.4

*

0.2

;?

*

0.2

*

0.2

1.2

*

●

*

5.4

18.3

31.3

16.9

14.4

15.3

11.8

1.6

3.1

*

7.0

6.9

0.1

9.1

0.4

1.7

2.0

5.0

1.0

0.1

0.5

18.0

0.3

2.9

*

0.3

2.5

0.2

*

*

●

●

1.5

*

*

*

3;:

29.4

15.6

13.8

14.8

7.6

1.0

12.2

0.2

18.6

18.1

0.5

46.9

1.8

10.5

3.5

33.1

2.7

0.3

1.6

29.9

1.0

6.2

0.1

0.6

7.5

0.4

*

. . .

. . .

2.0

●

●

*

8.1

74.1

34.3

15.9

18.3

16.0

5.0

0.8

39.4

5;7

57.7

1.4

152,5

3?:

6.2

110.0

7.5

0.5

4.9

34.9

3.5

23.9

0.3

1.7

21.9

1.1

0.3

. . .

. . .

,..

3.0

*

*

*

14.3

176.5

46.6

18.6

28.0

17.9

3.8

0.7

85.4

1.6

253.5

247.2

6.2

321.1

12.7

56.6

10.7

241.0

20.2

1.1

19,8

34.1

10.3

69.7

0.8

4.9

63.9

4,4

1.8

. . .

. . .

. . .

4.8

●

*

●

33.9

519.9

100.3

29.1

71.2

24.9

4.3

0.8

163.6

l,14g

1,105.4

34.6

433.3

27.0

55.5

16,9

333.8

58,4

2.2

73.4

23.4

33.4

199.1

2.4

12.8

183.9

15.4

6.6

...

. ..

. ..

8.6

*

*

●

125.6

1,610.5

257.1

31.2

225.9

22.2

4.6

1.5

.b

d

(0

(0

cd

tFi~”~f~r~,gn@ sreledwctidedin Allageaburnotdisrributsdem0n9aga9Nps.

%eth ratesunder1 year (baaedonpopulation estimates) dtfer from infant mortefii rates (based on five birshsk see tables E and 22-26 for infant morfafii rates, and Technical notes for further discussion of the difference.

fu

m
Table 10. Deaths from 72 selected Oeuses by race and sex United States, 1990

[For ekptanation of aaterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Teo~nioal notes]

All other

All races Write Total Black

Cause of cfealh (Ninth Revision International

Claseifwtion of Oisaases, 1975)

Both Both

Male

Both

sexes Female Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Femste sexes Male Fema#e

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis and amebissis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . ...007439

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis of respiratory system . . . . . . . ...010-012

Other tuberculos!-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..013+18

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptooocoal sore throat, soariatina,

andeiysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcai infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

~e~le~liomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

.055

ww;;p%ik::::::: :::::::::: :::: :::: :: .070

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .080-097

~~her$fscfious and parasitic

.001 -003,005,020-032,037,

039-04i,;042~;Oti,’titi54,056-086,071 -088,098-139

Mali nentneoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

arr#hamatoooietictissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Maliinant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity,

endpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Ma~grrant neqiaarns of digestive organs

endperftoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malgnrurt rraoplesms of respiratory and

intratfroraoii organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...16&165

Mshgnantneoplaam of breaat. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant nsoplaamsofgen”tilorgans. . . . ...179-187

Ma~gnantneoplaams ofurinaryorgans. . . . ...186-189

Ma~gnant neoplasm of all other and

unspdiecfsites . . . . . . . . . . . ...170-173.190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..20+208

Other malignant naoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoiatic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . ...200-203

Sanign nsoplaams, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms of

uncertain behavkx and of unspecified nature. . . .210-239

Dkhatesmelliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutriionat deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..26o-26g

Anemias.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Major cardiovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390+48

~seaaesofheatt. . . . . . . . . . . .390+98,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .390-398

Hypwtensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive bean and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischamlc heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Aoutemyocardal infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

iachemic heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Aninapectons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

01# myocardial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disesse . . . . ...412.414

Other disea=sofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

All other forms of heart

diseaee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4l5-423.42%429

Hypertension wifhorwithout renal disease. . ...401.403

Cerebrovaecular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

ht~cei~b~~ arrd G+k!: intracranial

C%$b%’’%bos;s”and”;n& c~~ed” ‘“ “ “

..431-432

Occlusion ofcerebral arteries . . . . . . . . .434.0,434.9

2,148,483

15

415

1,810

1,378

432

12

2::

19,169

—

1,5%

106

32,214

505,322

8,405

120,765

146,386

43,663

57,487

20,654

60,221

18,574

29,167

6,752

47,664

3,017

4,092

1,017

916,007

720,058

6,018

21,072

2,377

489,171

239,008

3,333

1,070

245,760

13,004

188,416

9,169

144,088

20,575

18,261

1,113,417

18:

1,147

907

240

4

11:

8,542

9%

63

26,301

266,283

5,638

83,920

94,950

272

32,929

13,18i

31,891

10,192

15,312

3,012

20,286

1,108

1,770

545

442,737

360,788

1,830

8,822

959

252,597

129,483

1,968

443

120,703

5,500

91,080

3,s33

56,697

9,227

7,032

1,035,048

2i:

663

471

192

8

10:

10,827

8;!

43

5,913

237,039

2,769

58,845

51,436

43,391

24,558

7,473

28,330

8,382

13,855

3,740

27,398

1,909

2,322

472

473,270

359,270

4,188

12,250

1,418

236,574

109,525

1,365

627

125,057

7,504

97,338

5,336

87,391

11,34s

11,229

1,853,254

3::

1,033

812

221

9

1%

15,458

—

1,22

41

22,658

441,585

6,918

103,530

128,927

38,513

48,635

18,894

53,613

16,722

26,033

5,808

38,886

2,548

3,136

705

807,6S8

637,364

5,483

15,165

1,648

443,859

216,252

2,807

959

223,841

11,951

159,25S

6,860

124,526

16,776

18,079

950,812

14?

830

518

112

3

4

6,7%

7::

21

19,131

232,608

4,515

64,515

82,714

27,%

12,047

28,388

9,189

13,623

2,658

16,817

1,274

371

389,824

319,362

1,655

6,077

229,~7

117,850

1,667

391

110,028

5,023

78,022

2,862

4S,024

7,252

8,087

902,442

20:

403

294

109

8

8

8,6%

—

5::

20

3,527

208,977

2,403

49,015

46,213

38,286

21,223

6,847

25,247

7,533

12,410

3,250

21,879

1,843

1,862

417,%

318,002

3,828

9,086

1,000

213,922

98,402

1,140

56s

113,812

6,928

83,236

4,098

76,502

9,524

9,992

295,209

4

7;;

566

211

3

2

3,7%

3?:

65

9,556

83,737

1,487

17,235

17,459

5,150

8,852

1,980

6,60s

1,652

3,134

844

8,988

471

956

312

108,319

82,694

535

5,907

729

45,312

22,758

526

111

21,919

1,053

29,158

2,209

19,562

3,789

2,182

182,605

—

5%

389

128

1

2

1,7%

1;:

42

7,170

35,675

1,121

9,405

12,236

5,5:;

1,134

3,525

1,003

1,889

354

3,449

205

496

174

52,913

41,426

175

2,745

311

22,680

11,633

301

52

10,674

477

15,056

971

8,673

1,975

945

132,604

4

2::

177

83

2

1,9:;

11!

23

2,386

28,062

366

7,830

5,223

5,105

3,335

826

3,0s3

849

1,445

490

5,519

266

480

138

55,406

41,268

360

3,162

418

22,652

11,123

225

59

11,245

576

14,100

1,238

10,889

1,824

1,237

265,498

2

6%

491

177

3

2

3,4:

2!:

64

9,198

57,077

1,311

14,933

15,913

4,703

8,195

1,792

5,866

1,591

2,773

747

8,114

433

887

284

98,068

75,111

436

5,636

707

40,571

20,436

479

103

19,553

924

26,837

2,109

17,407

3,227

1,977

145,359

4%

341

105

1

2

1,6;:

i

105

41

6,890

31,995

1,000

8,001

11,219

5,2;;

1,029

3,130

854

1,492

316

3,049

189

460

159

47,209

37,038

146

2,606

300

19,858

10,260

272

48

9,278

414

13,712

919

7,653

1,665

851

120,139

2

II

2:: z

150 ~

72 s

2

s

_=

<

1,6]? ~

is

107 g

23 ~

s

o

2,308 @

a

25,082 $

0

311 ~

6,932 :

0

4,694 F

4,659

2,969 .5

763 z

2,736 0

737 ~

g

1,281

●

G

5,$: S

244 s

427 @

125 ?

50,859 .+

36,073

290 :

3,028 w

407 co

20,713

10,176

207

55

10,275

510

13,125

1,190

9,754

1,562

1,126
Cerebref embofism

................. ...434.1

All other and tate effects of cerebmvascular

diseases............... ...430.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andcapillarfes................... ...441-448

Acute bronchitis andbronchiolitis............ ...466

Pneumoniaand influenza.............. ...480-487

Pneumonia...................... ...460-466

hIfiuenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

Conditions...................... ...490-496

Bronchtis, chronic and unspecified....... ..490491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pu[monary diseases

and allied conditions................. .494-496

Ulcer ofstomach andducxjenum.......... ..531-533

Appendicitis............. . . . . . . . . . . ..Mo-M3

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obstruction without mention of hernia..... ,550-553,560

Chronic liverdisease and cirrhosis........... ...571

Cholelithfasis andother cffsordara of gallbladder. ..574-575

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ..580-569

Acute glomerufonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...580-581

Chronic glomeru[onephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, not specified asacute or chronic,

andrenal sclerosis, unspecified....... .562-583,587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small ktiney of

unknown cause.............. .564-566,586-589

Infectionsofkidney..................... ...590

Hyperplasiaofprostate................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperium....................... ..630+76

Pregnancy with abortive outcome........ ...630-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................. ..740-759

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period.760-779

6irth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress syndrome.. .767-769

Other conditions originating In the perinatel

period.................... .760-766,770-779

Symptoms, signs, andill.defined conditions... ..760-799

Allotherdiseases.................... ..Residual

Accidente andadverae effects............ .E800-E949

Motorvehicle accidents.............. .E61O-E825

All other aczidents and adverse

effects................. .E600-E807,E826-E949

Suicide......................... ..E950-E959

Homicide and legal intervention........... .E960-E978

Allotherextemal causes.............. ..E980-E999

651

104,601

16,047

24,645

633

79,513

77,415

66,679

15;706

4,619

62,554

6,186

436

5,638

25,815

3,022

20,764

296

1,521

16,947

1,296

455

343

57

286

13,085

17,674

3,871

13,803

24,137

172,891

91,983

46,814

45,169

30,908

24,832

2,390

263

40,175

6,659

14,560

269

36,698

36,099

799

49,416

1,878

9,408

1,685

38,245

2,973

257

2,132

16,627

1.280

10;005

145

763

9,097

404

455 . .

.

...

...

7,050

10,056

2,311

7,745

13,533

79,020

61,938

32,406

29,532

24,724

19,604

1,733

388

64,426

11,186

10,065

364

42,615

41,316

1,299

37,263

1,722

6,298

2,934

26,309

3,213

161

3,706

9,168

1,742

10,759

151

758

9,650

892 ...

343

57

286

6,035

7,618

1,560

6,058

10,604

93,871

30,045

14,408

15,637

6,182

5,328

657

604

91,ci57

16,547

22,291

559

70,606

68,807

1,999

60,179

3,365

14,826

3,696

58,290

5,517

357

21,478

2,722

16,571

249

1,191

15,131

1,134

402

177

23

154

10,502

2,498

6,006

18,056

148,904

76,934

39,651

37,263

28,086

12,153

1,620

240

34,445

6,232

13,344

233

32,101

31,350

751

45,234

1,726

8,769

1,358

33,361

2,594

212

1,787

13,869

1,156

8,021

118

590

7,313

339

402 ... ... ...

5,667

6,055

1,487

4,566

9,951

66,879

51.348

27,288

24,060

22,448

9,147

1,315

364

56,622

10,315

8,947

328

36,705

37,457

1,248

34,945

1,639

6,059

2,338

24,909

2,923

145

3,302

7,589

1,566

8,550

131

601

7,818

795 ...

177

23

154

4,835

4,451

1,011

3,440

8,107

82,025

25,586

12,363

13,223

5,638

3,006

505

47

13,534

1,500

2,354

74

8,707

8,608

99

6,500

235

878

1,123

4,264

669

61

749

4,337

300

4,193

47

330

3,616

162

53

166

34

132

2,563

7,166

1,373

5,795

6,079

23,967

15,049

7,163

7,886

2,820

12,779

570

23

5,730

627

1,216

36

4,797

4,749

48

4,182

152

639

527

2,864

379

45

345

2,738

124

1,984

27

173

1,784

65

53 ... ... ...

1,383

4,001

824

3,177

3,582

12,141

10,590

5,118

5,472

2,276

10,457

418

24

7,804

873

1,138

38

3,910

3,859

51

2,318

83

239

596

1,400

290

36

404

1,599

176

2,209

20

157

2,032

97 ...

166

34

132

1,200

3,167

549

2,618

2,497

11,846

4,459

2,045

2,414

544

2,322

152

39

12,164

1,380

2,061

64

7,563

7,473

90

5,655

190

763

986

3,716

582

71

697

3,753

244

3,855

42

300

3,513

138

48

153

33

120

2,177

6,744

1,276

5,468

5,505

21,737

12,419

5,560

6,859

2,111

12,144

494

20

5,117

563

1,036

33

4,161

4,115

46

3,628

125

552

460

2,491

332

39

319

2,393

96

1,606

24

156

1,626

57

48 ... ... ...

1,174

3,762

766

2,996

3,215

10,906

8,756

4,046

4,710

1,737

9,981

361

19

7,047

817

1,025

31

3,402

3,358

44

2,027

65

211

526~o

1,225~

250-

32>z

378~

1,360

148#

2,049~=

18~3

144%oz

1,887 :

810 ... r

.s

153 =’

33g.

120+

1,003a

2,982;

510&z

2,472m

2,290<

10,829 .+

3,663

1,514g

2,149 ‘“

374

2,163

133
m

Table 11. Death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1990

[Rates par 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Ail other

All races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Both Both Both

Classification of Oiseases, 1975) Msie

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female aaxes Male Female

Allcsuses................................

Shigellosia andamebissis.............. ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infetiions......... ...007-009

Tuberculosis...................... ...010-016

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system....... ...010-012

Othertubarculosis................. ...013-018

Whooplngcough...................... ...033

Streptoccccal sore throat, scarlatina,

anderysipelas.................... ...034-035

Meningococcal infection................... ..03$

Septicemia.......................... ...036

Acufepoliomyelifis..................... ...045

Measles............................ ...055

Virs~;;patitis......................... ...070

~;;~J?i;a~dp&a&tic”,~~~03~502~=~

038-04i }042–:O~4;04ti5ti,05=+36;071 h88,09til 38’

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplasms of

Iymphaficand hematopoietic tissues....... ..l 40-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

andoharvnx.................... ...140-149

Malignant iwoplasms of digestive organs

andperitoneum.................. ...150-159

Malignant neoplasme of respiratory and

intrathoracic organs................. .160-165

Malignantneoplasm ofbreaat.......... ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgen”hl organs.... ...178-187

Malignant neoplasms ofurinary organs.... ...188-189

Malignant nsoplasme of all other and

unspecified sites............. .170-173,180-199

Leukemia........................ ..20+208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoieticfissues............ ..200-203

Benign neoplssms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasm

ofuncertain behavior andof unspecified nature ..210-239

Disbetesmslliius...................... ...250

Nutriional deficiencies................ ...260-269

Anemias......................... ...260-285

Meningitis......................... ..320+22

Majorcardiovasculardiseases........... ...380-446

Oiseasesofheart........... .390-398,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. .380-398

Hypertensive heart disease............. ...402

Hypertensive heertand rend disease....... ...404

Ischemic heartdisease.............. ..41C-414

Acute myocardiat infarction............ ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

iechemicheartdisease.............. ...411

An inapectoris................... ...413

01# myocerdial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic hea!tdiseaae..... ..412,414

Other diseases ofendocardium.......... ...424

A~i$e;eforms of heart

.415-423,425-429

Hypertensi&”vhih”& ”w”ith;~”r;;~&&&ae.. ...401.403

Cerebrovasculardiseasee............ ...430-438

Intracerebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage................... ...431-482

Cerebralthrombosis andunspeclfied

occkrsion ofcerebral arteries........ .434.0,434.9

Cerebralembolism................. ...434.1

883.8

0.;

0.7

0.6

0.2●

o.;

7.7

0.:

0.6

0.0

13.0

203.2

3.4

46.6

58.9

17.6

23.1

8.3

24.2

7.5

11.7

Iti

1.2

1.6

0.4

368.3

289.5

2.4

6.5

1.0

196.7

96.1

1.3

0.4

98.6

5.2

75.8

5?:

8.3

7.3

0.3

918.4

o.;

0.9

0.7

0.2●*

0.1

7.0

0.;

0.8

0.1

21.7

221.3

4.6

52.7

78.3

2;::

10.9

26.3

8.4

12.6

2.5

16.7

0.9

1.5

36~~

297.6

;:

0.8

208.3

108.6

k:

99.6

4.5

75.1

3.2

46.8

7.6

5.8

0.2

812.0

0.;

0.5

0.4

0.2●

o.;

8.3

0.:

0.5

0.0

4.6

186.0

2.2

44.6

40.4

34.0

19.3

5.9

22.2

6.6

10.9

2.9

21.5

1.5

1.8

37?:

281.8

3.3

9.6

1.1

185.6

65.9

:;

98.1

5.9

76.4

4.2

68.6

8.9

8.8

0.3

888.0

0.;

0.5

0.4

0.1●

o.;

7.4

0.:

0.6

0.0

10.9

211.6

3.3

49.6

61.6

18.5

23.3

9.0

25.7

8.0

12.5

2.8

18.5

1.2

1.5

38?;

305.4

2.6

7.3

0.8

212.7

103.6

;2

107.3

5.7

76.3

3.3

59.7

8.0

7.7

0.3

930.9

0.;

0.6

0.5

0.1*

0.;

6.6

0.:

0.7

0.0

18.7

227.7

4.4

53.4

81.0

0.2

26.8

11.8

27.8

9.0

13.3

2.6

16.5

0.9

1.2

38?:

312.7

;:

0.6

225.1

115.4

;:

107.7

4.9

74.4

4;:

7.1

6.0

0.2

846.9

0.;

0.4

0.3

0.1*

0.;

8.1

0.;

0.5

0.0

3.3

196.1

2.3

46.0

%;

19.9

6.2

23.7

7.1

11.6

2::

1.5

1.7

39:?

288.4

3.6

8.5

0.9

200.8

92.3

;:

106.8

6.5

78.1

3.8

?~.g

8.9

9.4

0.3

737.9

0.;

1.9

1.4

0.5*

0.;

9.3

0.;

0.8

0.2

23.9

159.3

3.7

43.1

43.6

12.9

22.1

4.9

16.5

4.6

7.8

2.1

22.4

:::

27~:~

206.7 1U

llU

56.9

;;

54.8

2.6

72.9

4::

9.5

5.5

0.1

851.5

0.;

2.7

2.0

0.7*

0.;

9.2*

0.:

0.2

37.5

186.6

5.9

49.2

64.1

0.2

28.9

5.9

18.5

5.3

8.8

1.9

18.1 U

27??

216.8

1::

1.6

118.7

60.9

;:

55.9

2.5

78.9

5.1

45.4

10.3

4.9

0.1

634.2

0.;

1.2

0.8

0,:*

9.~

0.;

0.1

11.4

134.2

1.6

37.4

25.0

24.4

15.9

4.0

14.7

4.1

6.9

2.3

26.4

;;

26$~

197.4

1;:

10::

53.2

;:

53.8

2.8

67.4

5.9

52.1

8.7

5.9

0.1

671.0

0.;

2.2

k:

●

o.:

11.4*

0.;

0.2

30.2

187.2

4.3

48.0

52.2

15.4

26.8

5.9

19.2

5.2

9.1

2.5

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256.8

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0.7

0.1

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4.6

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1.5

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237.0

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81.7

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9.7

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All other and late effects of cembmvasdar

disssses. ..430 .433,..... ..43O.433..435-438

Atherosclerosis...................... ...440

Other diseases of arteries, artaricies,

andcepillarjes................... ...441448

Acute bmnchihis and bmnchmliiis............ ...466

Pneumonia ancf influenza............... ..~7

pneumonia....................... ..460-4s6

Influenza........................... ..4s7

Chronicobstructii pulmonarydisaeaes

andalliedcondtine................ ...490-496

Bronchtis, cfwonicand unspactierj...... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obsfructiva pulmonary diseases

andaliiedconctii.mns............ ...1..494-496

Ulcerofstomach andducdanum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hemiaofabdominal cevifyand intestinal

obstructionwithoutmentionofhem.m..... .550-553,560

Chronicliverdiseeseandcirrhosis........... ...571

Cholelithiesis and other disorders of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephroticsyndrome, andnephrosis., ..560-569

Acute glomerulonaphritis and nephrofic

syndrome...................... ...560-561

Chronic glomerulonephrifis, nephriiis and

nephropathy, not spedtid as acute or chronic,

andrenalsclerosb, unspecified....... .562–5S3,587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kdney of

unknown cause.............. .564-566,56S-569

Infections of kidney..................... ...590

Hyperplasia ofpmstete................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium................. ...630-676

Pregnancy with abortive outcome........ ...630-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...640-676

Congenital anometies................. ..7@75g

Certain conditions originating in the perinefal

period......................... ...760-779

Sirth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress eyrrdrome.. .767–769

Other condtions originating in the perinatel

period................... ..76&766.77cr-77g

Symptoms, signs, andill-defined renditions.. ...760-799

Another diseases.................... .. Residual

Accidente and adverse effects........... .EBOO-E949

Motor vehicle accidents.............. .E610-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects................ .E600-E807,E826-Eg4g

Suicide......................... .. E9WE959

Homicide andtegal intervention.......... .E960-E976

Another extemalcauses.............. .. E9r30-E999

42.1

7.3

9.9

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31.1

0.6

34.9

1.4

6.3

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25.2

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10.4

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7.6

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7.1

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5.5

9.7

69.5

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29,8

0.7

40.8

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7.8

1.6

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13.7

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.

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...

5.8

8.3

1.9

6.4

11.2

65.2

51.1

26.7

24.4

20.4

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50.5

8.8

7.9

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32.4

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29.2

1.4

4.9

2.3

20.6

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7.2

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7,7

0.7 . . .

0.3

0.0

0.2

4.7

6.0

1.2

4.8

8.3

73,6

23.6

11.3

12.3

4.8

4.2

0.5

43.6

7.9

10.7

0.3

33.9

33.0

1.0

36.4

1.6

7.1

1.6

27.9

2.6

0.2

2.4

10.3

1.3

7.9

0.1

0.6

7.2

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.0

5.0

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3.8

6.7

71.3

36.9

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17.9

13.5

5.6

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33.7

6.1

13.1

0.2

31.4

30.7

0.7

44.3

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32.7

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13.6

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7.2

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0.4 . . . . . . . . .

5.5

5.9

1.5

4.5

9.7

65.5

50.3

26.7

23.6

22.0

9.0

1.3

53.1

9.7

8.4

0.3

36.3

35.2

1.2

32.8

1.5

5.7

2.2

23.4

2.7

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7.1

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6.0

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7.3

0.7 . .

.

0.2

0.0

0.1

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4.2

0.9

3.2

7.6

77.0

24.0

11.6

12.4

5.3

2.6

0.5

33.8

3.7

5.9

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21.6

21.5

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16.2

0.6

2.2

2.6

10.7

1.7

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10.8

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10.5

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9.5

0.4

0.1

0.4

0.1

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17.9

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14.5

15.2

60.0

37.6

17.9

19.7

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31.9

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24.9

0.3

21.9

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3.3

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15.0

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1.6

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10.4

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0.9

9.3

0,3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

7.2

21.0

4.3

16.6

18.8

63.6

55.5

26.6

26.7

11.9

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37.3

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5.4

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16.5

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11.1

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2.9

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9.7

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5.7

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12.5

11.9

56.7

21.3

9.8

11.5

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13.4

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13.5

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39.9

4.5

6.8

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24.8

24.5

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18.6

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12.2

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12.6

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22.1

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17.9

16.1

71.3

40.7

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22.5

6.9

39.6

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35.5

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28.9

28.5

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25.2

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3.6

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17.3

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75.6

60.7

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32.7

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-.. .— . ..—. . .

Ta131e12. Age-adjusteci cfeath rates for72selected causes byraceand sex Untied Sates, 1990

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Computed by the direof method, using as the standard population the age distribution of the total population of the United States as enumerated in 1940. For explanation

of asterisk preceding cause-of-death males, see Technical notes]

AfI other

All races White Total Bfack

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International

Classification of Diseases, 1975)

Both Both

Male

Bottr

sexes Female Mate

Both

sexes Femafe sexes Mala Female sexes Mate Female

AJlcsuaea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosisandamebisais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .004,0Q6

Ce~”nother inteafinal infections . . . . . . . . . , . .007-c439

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tubsrculosko frespiratorysystem . . . . . . . . ..010-012

Offrartuberculosb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...013-016

Whoopingmugh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptccocce I eme throat, scerlatina,

ande~ipelsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningmmccdinfecfion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Acutepotiomyeliiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..o45

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Viralhepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..o7o

%%%&ⅈlXiidp&ae& “ “ “ “ “ “ ‘ “ “ “ “ ““’M”

diseases. .001-003,005,020-032,037,039-041,’042-’044,

046-054,056-066,071 -066,09S-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Iymphaticand hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . ..140-208

Malignant rreoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

andph~x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Ma~gnantnaoplasms ofdigestiveorgans

andperitoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracicorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Ma~gnantneoplasm ofbreeat. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Ma~gnant neoplasms ofganital organs. . . . ...178-167

Malignant naoplasms ofurinary organs. . . . ...166-169

Malignant naoplasma of all o~her and

unspecified sites . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-206

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietictieeues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasma

ofunce~ain behavior andofunsgecified nature . .210-239

Oiabetesmellitua . . . . . . . ...”. . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritionaldefciencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Majorcardiovaeculardiseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-446

Oiseasss ofheart . . . . . . . . . . . .390+398.402.404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .390-396

Hypertensiveheartdiseeae . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hy rfensive heart andrenat disease. . . . . . . ...404

Isc1?emicheartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...41&414

Acute myocerdial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

iecfremicheartdiseaae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Anginapactoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction end other forma

ofchmnic ischemic heati disease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseaseaofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . . . ;424

Allofherformsofheart

diaeaae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..415-423.425-429

Hypertension with orwithout renal disaaee. . ...401.403

Cerebrowscirlardiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430436

Intrscersbral and other intracranial

hemonhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..431+32

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecikad

ccolusionofcerebret arteries . . . . . . . . .434.0,434.9

Cerebretemtmtism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...434.1

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*
Ail other and late effects of cerebmvawular

dwssss................ ..43O.433.435-438

Atftemscieroais...................... ...440

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andcapillaries................... ...441-448

Acutebmnchiiandbmnchic.liiis............. ...486

Pneumoniaandrnfluerua.............. ...430-437

pneumonia...................... ...430-436

Influenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstruct.kwpulmonary diseases

andalliedcondiiions................. ..4go-498

Bmnchtis, chronicand unspecified...... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obsfrucfiie pulmonary diseases

andalliedcondiiins............... ...494-496

UIcerofstornechandduodenum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hemiaofabcfominal cavi~andintestina[

obstructionwifhoutmentionof hern.ki..... .550-553,560

Chronicliierdisease and cirrhosis........... ...571

Cholelithiasis snd other disorders of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephrhis, nephrofii syndrome, andnephrosis.. ..580-589

Acute glomembnephriiis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...580-561

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephriiis and

nephropathy, not spacifiid as acute or chronic,

andrenalscferosis, unspecified....... .582-563,587

Renal failure, dadeffi resulting from impaired

renalfuncfion,snd smal[kidneyof

unknowncsuse............ ...564-566.566-539

Infsdionsofk@ney..................... ...520

Hyperplasiaofprostete................... ...600

Complicatiinsofpregnsncy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium................. ...830-876

Pragnancyw.ti abortiieoutcome........ ...830-638

Other cornpliifions of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperiurn............... ...640-876

Congenitalanomsliee................ ...740-759

Cerfaincondiirraorfginating intheperinatal

period......................... ...75&779

Birth traurmA irrfrauterfrrehypoxh birth

=php,atirmpim~~dstis~timm. ..767-769

Ofhermndiim.ginating intheperinstal

period..

................ ...760-766.770-779

S~ptis, ~n$md~14Mnedrntitibm.. ...780-762

Ailotherdiseaees...........

........ .. ffdduaf

Acciierrtaandwfvaree effects.......... ..E600-E849

Motorvehiole iwcfdenta.............. .E810-E825

AUotheraccidenta andadverse

effects

............... ..E800-E607.E826E94S

Suite......................... ..E95O-E952

fiomicideandiagaifntervantion......... ..E960-E376

Aflotherextemalcauses.............. ..E980-E688

19.1

2.7

5.4

0.1

14.0

13.7

0.3

19.7

0.6

3.7

1.4

13.7

1.3

0.1

1.1

8.6

0.6

4.3

0.1

0.3

3.9

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.0

6.9

1.5

5.4

7.3

36.4

32.5

18.5

14.0

11.5

10.2

0.9

20.6

3.2

8.2

1:;

18.1

0.4

27.2

1.0

5.3

1.3

19.6

1.7

0.2

1.1

12.2

0.7

5.4

0.1

0.4

4.8

0.2

0.2 . . . . . . . . .

5.4

7.6

1.8

5.9

9.4

48.1

47.7

28.3

21.4

19.0

16.3

1.4

18.0

2.4

3.4

1::

10.7

0.3

14.7

0.6

2.6

1.5

9.9

1.0

0.1

1.1

5.3

0.5

3.6

0.1

0.3

3.3

0.3 . . .

0.3

0.0

0.2

4.6

6.1

1.2

4.8

z

17.9

10.7

7.1

4.5

4.2

0.5

17.8

2.7

5.4

0.1

13.4

13.0

0.3

20.1

0.8

3.9

1.2

14.2

1.2

0.1

1.0

6.0

;:

0.1

0.3

3.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.9

5.2

1.2

3.9

2:

31.8

16.8

13.2

12.2

::

19.3

3.2

6.3

0.1

17.5

17.0

0.4

27,4

1.0

5.5

1.0

19.9

1.6

0,1

1:::

0.7

4.6

0.1

0.4

4.2

0.2

0.2 . . . . . . . . .

5.3

5.8

1.4

4.4

8.0

42.9

48.4

28.3

20.1

20.1

8.9

1.2

16.7

2.4

3.3

0.1

10.6

10.3

0.3

15.2

0.6

2.8

1.3

10.4

;:

1.0

4.6

0.5

3.0

0.0

0.2

2.7

0.3 . . .

0.2

0.0

0.1

4.5

4.5

1.0

3.5

4.5

30.2

17.6

11.0

8.6

4.8

2.8

0.4

28.6

2.7

5.3

1Y9

17.7

0.2

15.2

0.5

2.1

2.9

9.7

1.6

0.2

1.6

12.0

0.6

9.3

0.1

0.7

6.5

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.3

5.2

13.4

2.6

10.9

13.2

54.4

36.8

18.0

18.8

7.1

31.4

1.4

31.6

3.1

7.0

2::

25.1

0.2

23.6

0.8

3.7

3.0

18.1

2.2

0.3

1.6

17.2

lU

0.1

1.0

::

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

5.7

14.8

3.1

11.8

17.4

87.9

58.7

27.3

28.4

12.1

53.9

2.2

26.4

2.4

4.1

1::

12.4

0.1

9.6

0.3

1.0

2.8

5.5

:;

1.4

7.9

0,8

6.1

0.1

0.6

7.5

0.3 . . .

0.8

0.2

0.8

4.8

12.0

2.1

10.0

9.6

44.0

19.6

9.7

9.6

1%

0.7

32.2

3.1

5.9

1::

19.6

0.2

16.9

0.5

::

10.7

1.7

0.2

1.8

13.7

1::

0.1

0.8

9.6

0.3

0.1

0.5

0.1

0.4

5.7

16.2

3.1

13.2

15,5

63.0

39.7

18.4

21.3

3::

1.6

36.4

3.8

7.7

0,2

28.7

28.4

0.3

26.5

0.9

:;

17.9

2.5

0.3

2.2

20.0

0.7

12.9

0.2

1.1

11.6 E. . . . . . . . .

6.2

17.9

3.6

14.3

20.8

78.7

82,4

28,9

33.6

12,4

68.7

2.5

11.1

2.4

13.0

0.7
Table 13. Deaths and death rates from 16 selected subcategories of Mafignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, by race and sex:

United States, 1990

[Rates par 100,000 population in specified group]

Afl other

All races White Totel Black

Both

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975)

Both

Male

Both

sexes

Both

Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Famefe sexes Male Femafe

. .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

fissuesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14LW208

Mallgnent neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I5o

Makmantneodasmofs tomach... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I5I

Mali~nant neoplasms ofwlon, rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and anus . . . . . ...153.154

Malignant neoplasm ofancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I57

Malignant neoplasmso [ frachea, bronchus, and lung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162

Malignant melanoma of skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172

Malignant neoplasm ofcervix uteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mafignant neoplasms of body of uterus and of uterus, part unapec”i~ed”.”.”.”.”.’. “.”.“.{~9;~E:

Malignant neoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183.0

Malignant neoplasm of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188

Mahgnant neoplasms oftidney andother andunspecified ufina organs. . . . . . . ...189

MaKgnant neoplasms of brain andother anduns~ecfied oatiso 7 nervous svstem ..191 .192

l-fod@dn’sdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..2o1

Malignant lymphoma otherthan Hodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200,202

Multiple myeloma andother immunoprofiferative neoplesms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...203

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of fymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Mafignantneoplasmofesophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150

Mafignantneoplasmofatomach.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I5I

MaliinantneoDlasms ofcolon,rectum, rectosigmoid function, andanus . . . . . ...153.154

Mafignantneoplaamofpancreea.. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157

Malignsntneoplasms offrachea, bronchus, and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...182

Malignantmelanomaofskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172

Malignantneoplasmofcervixuteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...180

Malignant neoplasms of body ofuterus andofuterua, pati unspecified. . . . . . ...179.182

Malignantneoplasmofovary... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183.0

Mafignantneoplaemof restate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Malignentneoplasmof Eladder.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188

Mafignantneoplasms ofkidneyand otherand unspacifiad urinary organs . . . . . . . ...189

Mahgnant neoplasms of brain andother andunspecfied patisof newous system ..191,192

Hod9Kn’sdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2o1

Malignentfymphoma otherthan Hodgfdn’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200,202

Muitiple myeloma andother immunoprofiferative nmplsams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...203

505,322

9,719

14,073

56,525

25,082

141,285

6,420

4,627

8,028

12,566

32,378

10,341

10,313

11,630

1,632

18,601

8,934

203.2

3.9

5.7

22.7

10.1

56.8

2.6

;:

5.1

13.0

::

4.7

0.7

7.5

3.6

268,283

7,213

8,336

26,173

12,199

91,091

3,644

. . .

. . .

. . .

32,378

6,910

6,271

6,339

956

9,795

4,561

221.3

5.9

2::

10.1

75.1

3.2

. . .

,..

. . .

26.7

5.7

:$

0.8

::

237,039

2,506

5,737

28,352

12,683

50,194

2,576

4,627

6,028

12,566

3,&i

4,042

5,291

676

8,806

4,373

186.0

2.0

4.5

22,2

10.1

39.4

t;

4.7

9.9

. . .

2.7

3.2

4.2

0.5

::

441,585

7,599

11,309

49,858

21,728

124,650

6,290

3,511

5,066

11,469

26,917

9,430

9,264

10,814

1,471

17,185

7,377

211.6

3.6

5.4

23.9

10.4

59.7

3.0

1.7

%!

12.9

4.5

4.4

5.2

0.7

8.2

3.5

232,608

5,661

6,690

24,943

10,582

79,488

3,778

. . .

. . .

. . .

26,917

6,403

5,644

5,890

853

9,005

3,765

227.7

5.5

2::

10.4

77.8

3.7

. . .

. . .

. . .

26.4

6.3

X

0.8

8.8

3.7

208,977 63,737

1,938 2,120

4,619 2,764

24,915 6,667

11,146 3,354

45,162 16,635

2,512 130

3,511 1,116

5,066 962

11,469 1,097

. . . 5,461

3,027 911

3,620 1,049

4,924 816

618 161

8,180 1,416

3,612 1,557

Rate

196.1 159.3

1.8 5.3

4.3 6.9

23.4 16.7

10.5

42.4 4?:

2.4

3.3

4.8

10.8

. . .

2.8

3.4

4.6

0.6

ii

0.3

2.8

2.4

1:;

2.3

2.6

2.0

%

3.9

35,675

1,552

E%

1,617

11,603

68

. . .

. . .

. . .

5,461

507

627

449

%

798

186.8

:::

16.9

6:;

0.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

28.6

:;

:;

4.1

4.2

28,062

1,?:

3,437

1,737

5,032

1,1:

1,%

. . .

404

422

367

6::

761

134.2

2.7

1::

8.3

24.1

0.3

5.3

4.6

5.2

. . .

1.9

2.0

k:

3.0

3.6

57,077 31,995

1,974 1,433

2,258 1,341

5,998 2,883

3,023 1,442

15,144 10,632

106 51

972

893

959

5,181

847

945

691

148

1,172

1,453

. ..

.. .

5,181

486

:2

6::

745

221.9

9.9

9.3

19.9

10.0

73.7

0.4

. . .

. . .

. . .

35.9

3.2

3.9

2.6

0.7

4.5

5.2

25,082

541

917

3,135

1,581

4,512

9%

893

959

. . .

381

382

319

5::

708

156.1

3.4

1;:

2:;

0.3

6.1

5.6

6.0

. . .

;:

2.0

0.3

3.2

4.4

1Includesfiguresforsubcategoriesrw shown.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 33

Table 14. Deaths and daath rates by 10-year age groups and age-adjusted death rates for Human Immunodeficiency virus infection, by

race and sex United States, 198S-90

[Human immunodeficiency virus infection deaths are those assigned to category numbers ‘042-’044 introduced in the United States in 198Z aee Technical notes]

Age

Age.

All Under 14 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-64 65 years adjusted

Year, race, and sex ages 1 1yearz years years years yeare years years years years years and over rstea

1990

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . ...<.....

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25,188

22,386

2,602

17,255

16,106

1,149

7,933

6,260

1,653

7,730

6,097

1,633

22,062

19,756

2,324

15,095

14,114

981

6,987

5,644

1,343

6,795

5,475

1,320

10.1

18.5

2.2

8.3

15.8

1.1

19.8

32.9

7.9

25.4

42.3

10.2

8.9

16.4

1.6

7.3

13.9

0.9

17.8

30.1

2E

38.4

8.3

106

48

58

30

;:

76

30

46

76

30

46

120

54

66

%

25

:;

41

66

27

41

2,7

G

1.0

●

*

9.3

1?:

11.9

1:;

3.1

2.7

3.5

1.7

1.7

25

6.7

10.4

10.9

8.6

13.3

123

62

61

46

;:

77

43

34

76

E

112

53

59

44

:

68

40

26

68

40

28

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.:

2.6

2.6

%

3.6

3.0

0.8

E

0.4

0.:

E

2.0

3.0

3,5

2.5

84

45

39

28

;2

%

26

54

29

25

64

41

23

41

29

;5

12

;;

12

10

:;

0.2

0.1

*

●

0.8

0.9

0.8

1.0

::;

U

0.1

::

0.;

*

0.;

*

●

541

412

129

312

256

56

229

156

73

226

153

73

613

502

111

364

312

2%

190

59

242

184

58

E

0.7

1.0

1.7

::

4.4

2.1

4.2

:;

1.6

2.6

0.6

::

0.4

3.6

5.4

:;

:?

0,483

7,433

1,050

5,619

5,196

423

2,864

2,237

627

2,802

2,180

622

7,759

6,608

953

5,137

4,752

385

2,622

2,054

568

2,559

1,997

562

Number

19.7

34.5

4.9

15.7

28.6

3Z

64.0

16.3

51.0

84.1

21.4

17.9

31.5

lZ

26.2

2.2

36.2

59.5

14.9

46.8

77.4

19.4

10,265

9,284

961

7,060

6,716

364

3,185

2,566

617

3,100

2,493

607

6,563

7,840

723

5,827

5,572

255

2,736

2,268

468

2,861

2,201

460

Rate

27.4

50.2

5.2

22,4

42.5

5:7

95.4

20.0

73.1

127.1

26.6

23.5

43.6

1;:

36.1

1.6

49.4

68.1

15.8

65.3

116.9

21.0

3,812

3,565

247

2,646

2,742

106

964

823

141

930

789

141

3,265

3,083

202

2,446

2,354

.&

729

110

609

701

108

15.2

29.1

1.9

13.2

25.6

2%

51.2

7.5

35.9

67.1

10.0

13.3

25.6

1.6

11,5

22.5

2:;

46.5

6.0

31.7

60.6

7.7

1,314

1,191

123

950

880

3E’

311

53

%

543

1,144

1,054

8%

807

2%

247

2;;

239

33

lZ

1.1

1?:

0.7

14.0

27.2

3.6

17,5

34.5

4.4

12

0.8

4.6

9.1

1::

21.8

1::

27.1

2.9

369

269

2:

220

54

95

69

26

90

65

25

327

260

2%

197

52

78

83

15

78

62

14

:;

0.6

1.7

3.1

0.6

5.1

::

1::

2.8

;:

0.7

k:

::

8.2

*

1;;

●

66

42

24

52

35

17

14

7

li

;

70

44

26

60

40

20

10

4

1:

4

6

0.7

k:

0.6

1.0

*

●

●

*

●

●

*

0.7

k:

0.7

1.2

0.4

*

●

●

*

*

●

12

4

8

6

1

7

:

1

:

1

12

8

1:

6

4

2

2

;

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

. . .

. . .

. . .

.. .

.. .

.. .

. . .

.. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.. .

. . .

. . .

. ..

. . .

. . .

. . .

.. .

9.8

17.7

2.1

1:;

1::;

33.6

7.6

25.7

44.2

9.9

1=

1.8

7.1

13.2

1%

30.9

2::

40.3

8.1

IfqgureS for age not stated included in All ages but not distributed am0n9 a9e 9r0uPs.

2DeathrateSunderl year (based onpopulation estimates) diflertiom infant motil!ty rates (b~edon five Mdhs); seetables Eand22-26for infant mOflal~rataS and TeChni@i MteefOrtidher

discuaaion of the difference.

3FC,r method of computation, see Tachnlcal nOteS.

NOTE: Rates for 1S89 have been revised; see Technical notes.
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 15. Deaths and death rates for major causes of death for the United States, each division, and State; and by race and sex for the

United States, 199o

[Ratss per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after cause of death are category numbers of the Nintfr Revision /rrterrrat/ona/ C/aasificafion of

Diseases, 19751

Ma/ignant

neoplasms,

including

neoplasms

of /ymphatic and

Diseases of heart hematopoietic Cerebrovascular Accidents and Motor vehicle

(390-398, 402, tissues diseases adverse effects accidents Suicide

404-429) (14&208) (430-438) (E800-E949) (E810-E825) (E950-E959)

Race, sex, and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

United States.......,,..

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire. . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. . . . . . .

Rhodelaland. . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . . .

New York. . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey. . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . .

East North Central. . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wiaconain, . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorthCentral ., , . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota. ..,......

South Dakota . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic. , , . . . . . . ,

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . .

Districtof Columbia. , ., . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . , . . .

North Carolina.. . , . . . .

South Carolina. . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . . ,

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . .

Weat South Central.. . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

720,058

360,788

359,270

637,364

319,362

318,002

82,694

41,428

41,266

75,111

37,038

38,073

38,702

3,697

2,792

1,426

17,754

3,437

9,596

130,762

63,629

23,659

43,494

129,171

34,865

16,968

35,300

27,626

14,612

55,171

10,777

9,585

17,824

1,949

2,330

5,039

7,667

128,259

1,894

11,902

1,887

15,399

7,099

18,564

9,333

16,339

45,842

49,494

11,882

15,498

12,894

9,220

70,850

7,991

12,422

10,882

39,555

289.5

297.6

281.8

305.4

312.7

298.4

206.7

216,9

197.4

246,4

256.8

237,0

293.0

301.1

251.7

253.4

295.1

342.5

291.9

347.8

353.7

306.1

366.1

307.5

319.6

306.1

308,8

297.2

298.7

312.4

246.3

345.2

348.3

305.1

334.8

319.3

309.5

294.4

284.3

248.9

310.9

248.9

395.8

280.1

267.7

252.2

354.3

326.1

322.4

317.8

319.1

358.3

265.3

339.9

294,4

345.9

232,9

505,322

268,283

237,039

441,585

232,608

208,977

63,737

35,875

28,062

57,077

31,995

25,082

28,740

2,792

2,122

1,136

13,444

2,427

8,819

86,196

38,415

17,931

29,850

68,818

23,973

11,662

24,439

18,449

10,295

36,845

8,122

6,076

11,608

1,339

1,365

3,299

5,036

93,831

1,501

9,832

1,547

11,624

4,408

13,229

6,791

11,035

33,864

32,901

8,426

10,493

8,657

5,325

49,686

5,702

8,695

6,656

28,633

203.2

221.3

186.0

211.6

227.7

196.1

159.3

186.8

134.2

187.2

221.9

156.1

217.6

227.4

191.3

201.9

223.5

241.9

207.4

229.2

213.5

232.0

251.2

211.4

221.0

210.3

213.8

196.5

210.5

208.6

185.6

218.8

226.8

209.6

196.1

209.0

203.3

215.4

225.3

205.6

254.9

187.9

245.8

199.6

194.8

170.3

261.7

216.8

228.6

215.1

214.3

206.9

186.1

242.6

206.0

211.6

168.6

144,088

56,697

87,391

124,526

46,024

76,502

19,562

8,673

10,869

17,407

7,653

9,754

7,138

719

561

301

3,301

557

1,699

20,463

8,761

3,977

7,725

24,984

6,306

3,696

6,707

5,108

3,165

12,040

2,837

2,042

3,446

426

508

1,074

1,707

26,832

324

2,229

374

3,520

1,182

4,459

2,425

3,821

6,498

10,730

2,429

3,586

2,897

1,816

15,122

2,076

2,396

2,196

8,454

57.9

46.8

68.6

59.7

47.0

71.8

48.9

45,4

52.1

57.1

53.1

60.7

54.0

58.6

50.8

53.5

54.9

55.5

51.7

54.4

48.7

51.4

65.0

59.5

58.1

68.7

58.7

55.0

64.7

68.2

64.8

73,5

67.3

66.7

73,0

68.0

68.9

61.6

46.6

46.6

61.6

56.9

65.9

67.3

69,5

59.0

65.7

70.7

65.9

73.6

71.7

70.6

56.6

88.3

56.8

69.8

49.8

91,983

61,938

30,045

76,934

51,348

25,586

15,049

10,590

4,459

12,419

8,756

3,663

3,710

413

326

194

1,543

280

954

11,260

5,061

2,094

4,125

14,534

3,678

2,058

3,984

3,162

1,652

6,750

1,465

1,046

2,171

233

327

576

932

17,525

243

1,419

199

2,194

844

2,914

1,668

2,674

5,170

7,832

1,693

2,321

2,325

1,493

10,827

1,164

1,927

1,350

6,366

37.0

51.1

23.8

36.9

50.3

24.0

37.6

55.5

21.3

40.7

60.7

22.8

28.1

33.6

29.4

34.5

25.6

27.9

29.0

30.0

26.1

27.1

34.7

34.6

33.9

37.1

34.9

34.0

33,8

38.2

33.5

37.7

42.4

36.5

47.0

36.5

37.6

40.2

36.5

29.7

32.8

35.5

47.1

44,0

47.6

44.4

40.0

51.6

45.9

47.6

57.5

58.0

40.5

50.4

45.7

42.9

37.5

46,614

32,406

14,408

39,651

27,288

12,363

7,163

5,118

2,045

5,560

4,046

1,514

1,667

210

164

6%

104

419

5,185

2,409

936

1,840

7,157

1,729

1,088

1,845

1,687

808

3,275

660

492

1,062

120

163

283

475

9,364

142

702

1,0:4

472

1,467

942

1,650

2,879

4,166

858

1,210

1,241

857

5,688

633

979

717

3,359

18.8

26.7

11.3

19.0

26.7

11.6

17.9

26.8

9.8

18.2

26.1

9.4

12.6

17.1

14.8

16.0

11.3

10.4

12.7

13.8

13.4

12.1

15.5

17.0

15.9

19.6

16.1

18.1

16.5

18.5

15.1

17<7

21.1

18.6

23.4

17.9

19.2

21.5

21.3

14.7

11.7

17.1

26.3

22.1

27.0

25.5

22.3

27.5

23.3

24.8

30.7

33.3

21.3

26.9

23.2

22.8

19.8

30,906

24,724

6,182

28,086

22,448

5,638

2,820

2,276

544

2,111

1,737

374

1,342

155

149

84

528

127

299

3,572

1,553

567

1,452

4,767

1,188

728

1,158

1,073

620

2,271

546

336

708

73

91

220

297

5,950

80

486

7Z

219

929

434

880

2,086

2,005

549

653

514

269

3,449

293

558

392

2,206

12.4

20.4

4.8

13.5

22.0

5.3

1?;

2.6

6.9

12.0

2.3

10.2

12,6

i3.4

14.9

1:;

9.1

9.5

8.6

1k:

11.3

11.0

13.1

10.1

11.5

12.7

12.9

12.5

12.1

13.8

11.4

13.1

13.9

12.0

13.7

12.0

10.2

1:;

12.2

14.0

12.4

13.8

16.1

13.2

14.9

13.4

12.7

11.2

12.9

12.5

13.2

12.5

13.0
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 35

Table 15. Deaths and death rates for major causes of death for the United States, each division, and Stat% and by race and sex for the

United States, 1990- Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after cause of death are catego~ numbers of the iVL’Ifh Revision /ntemationa/ C/assir7cet/on of

Diseases, 197~

Maljgnant

neop/asms,

krc/ud/ng

neoplasms of

/ymphatic and

D[seases of heart hematopojetk Cerebrovascular Accidents and Motor vehicle

(390-398, 402, tissues diseases adverse effects accidents Suit/de

404-429) (140-208) (430+38) (E800-E949) (E81O-E825) (E950-E959)

Race, sex, and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,720 210.3 22,140 162.1 6,054 44.3 5,708 41.8 3,068 22.6

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,979 247.7 1,621

2,521

202.9

18.5

493 61.7 398 49.8 205

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,212

25.7

219.7

167

1,738 172.6

20.9

548 54.4 477 47.4 250

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 214.3

24.8

731

192 19.1

181.2 211 46.5 203 44.6 99

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . .

21.8 81

6,144 166.5 4,935 149.8 1,325

17.9

40.2 1,128 34.2 574

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 3,003

17.4

198.2

554

2,265 149.5

16.6

554 36.6 798 52.7 455

Arizona, . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,807 240.3

30.0 283

6,637 186.5 1,735

18.7

47.3

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,628 44.4

2,739

693

159.0 1,765

24.4 686

102.4 675

18.7

39.2 563 32.7 292 16.9

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,664 236.3

264

2,246

15.3

187.0 513 42.7 513 42.7 320

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,909 227.2

26.6 294

66,165 169.1

24.5

20,725 53.0 13,617 35.3 7,204

Washington . .,,.,....

16.4 5,029 12.9

11,236 230.9 9,004 185.0 2,724 56.0 1,788 36.7 912

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,599 267.4 6,050

16.7

212.9

677

1,863 66.2

13.9

1,143 40.2

California . . . . . . . . . . . .

559

67,560 227.0

19.7 449 15.6

48,986 164.6 15,465 52.0 10,172 34.2 5,454

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.7 470

18.3 3,708

65.4 103

12.5

18.7

2,2

393 71.4 100

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.6

18.2

1,655 149.3 530

12.7

47.8 321 29.0 179 16.2 1E 11.3

NOTE Caution should be used in comparing crude death rates by State.

Death rates are affected by the population comfmsiticmof the area.

Table 16. Deaths byageaccording tospecified Hispanic origin, race fornon-Hispanic origin, andsex Total of45States, New York State

(excluding New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1990

[For a listing of States, see Technical notes]

Hkpanic origin, race for Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-84 65=74 75-84 85 years Not

non-Hispanic origin, and sex Total I year years years yeara years years years years years years andover stated

AllorJ~es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,970,337 35,030 6,354 7,752 33,298 53,444 74,137 107,419 231,626 441,097 553,839 425,603

1,021,783 19,970 3,656 4,701 25,231 39,210 50,790

Fem~e::::::::::::::

67,474 142,096 255,469 272,737 140,037

948,554 15,060 2,696 3,051 6,067 14,234 23,347 39,945 89,732 185,608 281,102 285,566

536

390

148

94

66

6

::

!

2

;

2

i

4

3;

30

1

246

160

1::

69

53

97

%

194

144

50

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.673 4.226 836 623

503

320

550

340

210

4,085

38377

706

2.940

5,416

4,412

1,006

3,314

2,772

542

554

413

141

259

216

5,159

3,906

1,253

2,682

2,153

729

588

450

138

357

296

5,371

3,546

1,823

3,118

2,042

1,076

509

341

168

497

363

6,790

5,452

3,336

5,298

;,24;

’701

442

259

936

626

308

464

254

11,911

6,693

5,218

7,001

3,976

3,025

793

430

363

1,478

901

12,772

6,457

6,315

6,971

3,564

3,407

804

400

404

2,066

1,029

1,057

533

218

315

2,378

1,246

1,132

9,166

3,721

5,465

4,978

2,038

2,940

436

174

264

1,365

514

871

344

121

223

2,041

674

1,167

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41;012

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Max% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,661

40,624

24,642

Female:::::::::::::: 15.962

2;373 464

1,655 352

2,952 566

1,656 329

1.296 237

2;477

463

259

195

64

%

PuertoRican . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;159

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,161

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.063

’363

205

77

48

70

46

29 24

19 19

8 12

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3;116

Cer&:land South American . . 4,122

2,417

Femal~:::::::::::::: 1,705

Other andunknown Hispanic. . 11.587

2%

166

129

537

301

236

7

Q

1%

65

48

3E 5%

308 441

53 121

463 729

57:

364

146

822

134

414

243

171

833

577

486

212

210

1,391

881

510

276

2,151

1,174

977

Male 6;744

Female:::::::::::::: 4,643

53

45

350

113

570

159

641

181

559

274

Non-Hispanicl . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,887,963

Male 972,614

Female:::::::::::::: 915,169

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l.636.Ol5

Male 834,186

Female:::::::::::::: 801,827

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,718

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,446

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,272

30,231

17,283

12,946

16,745

10,906

7,637

10,465

5,791

4,674

5,458

3,143

2,315

3,681

2,130

1,551

1,512

848

664

6,847

4,154

2.693

28,915

21,614

7,301

20,683

15,212

5,471

7,140

5,564

1,556

47,459

34,355

13.104

66,225

46,325

21.900

101,065

63,257

37,806

76,902

49,593

29,309

19,692

12,314

7,576

221,162

135,373

85,789

163,692

113,647

70,245

33,621

19,652

13,969

426.225

246,976

179,247

372,947

217,569

155,37a

47,926

26,283

21,645

537.699 414.249

264;628

273,271

466,026

239,405

246,621

46,309

22,023

24,286

135;544

276,705

383,063

124,220

258,843

27,524

9,668

17,856

4:973

3,021

1,952

1,591

967

624

33;167

24,279

8,888

12,959

9,164

3,795

49:794

34,115

15,679

16,660

11,087

5,593

Notstated2 , . . . 13,661 571 62 296

Male ,..,.~:::::::::

567

:: 44

753 963

7,957

1,676

314 240

2,961 3,166 2,166

443 559 689 1,271 1,818

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,724

1,652 772

257 29 38 56 124 194 314 605 1,143 1,516 1,396

ffn~ludes races other than white end black.

21”cl”des deatha that occurred in States lhat did not report Hispanic origin on the death cefificate.
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Tabie 17. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age groups: Total of 45

States, New York State (exoluding New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1990

[Forexplanationof aeteriak preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. For a listing of Statea, aee Technical notes]

Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) Number

.. .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

;

s

1:

,.,

,..

1

,..

,,.

2

3

4

5

:

:

10

...

..

1

.,.

,,.

:

4

5

6

7

8

1:

,,.

All ages 1

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasea of heart. . . . . . , . .390-398,402,404-429

Mallgnant neopiasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . ..140-208

Accidents and adveree effects . . . . . . ,E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . ,E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

dfeCtS , . . . , . . , . . . . ,E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerabrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . .430+38

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . .E960-E978

Diabetes mellitus. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..25o

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .480-487

Human immunodeficlency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*04.4

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. ., . , , . . .57 I

Certain conditions originating In the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..760-779

Another ceuaas, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidenta andadveree effects . , . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . , . . . . , . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . .EeOC-E807,Ee26-E949

Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoletic tissues . . . .140-208

Congenital anomalies, . . . . , , . . . . . . , ,740-75g

Homicide andlegal intervention , . . . .E960-E976

Diseases of heart, , . . . . . . ,390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza , . . . . . . . . . . ,480+87

C;:r;nd conditions originating In the perinatal

.760-779

Suicide.~;~~~:~~~;~~~~~~~ ~~~’.E95&E959

Cerebrovascular diseases, . . ., . . . . .430-436

Septicemia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

15-24 years

Allceuses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . ,E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effOtiS. . . . , , . . . . . ,E800-E807,E826-E949

Homicide and legal intervention . . . .E960-E978

Suicide, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E958

Malignant neoplaems, including neoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoietlc tissues . . . ,140-208

Diseasee of heart. , . . . . , ,390-398,402,404-429

Human immunodeflciency virus

Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies, ., , . . . . . . . . , ,740-759

Cerebrovascular diseases, . . . . . . . . .,430-438

Pneumonia and influenza , . , , . . . . . , .480-487

Compllcatlone of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

pUOrperlUm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-S76

Allothar cauaee . . . . . . . . . . . . ,., ,.,Residual

See footnote at end of table,

68,673

16,903

12,759

6,634

4,084

2,550

3,655

3,259

2,501

2,106

2,099

2,037

1,608

14,912

1,659

663

344

3ie

183

156

137

44

27

::

17

3%

4,0e5

1,731

1,315

416

1,225

3s4

170

71

62

37

31

19

3X

White non-H/spanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) Number

. . .

$

3

4

5

.,.

. . .

;

8

9

10

. . .

1

.,.

. .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

1:

.,.

.,.

1

. . .

.!.

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

1:

. .

All ages 1

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart, . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-42g

Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoletic t!ssues ., .,140-208

Cerebrovascular dlsaases, , . . . . . . , , ..430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseasee and

allledcondltions . . , . , . . . . . , , . . . . .490496

Accidents andadversa affecta . , . . . . ,E600-E949

Motor vehlcleaccldents . . . . . . . . .E810-Ee25

All othar accidents and adverse

effect . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia andlnfluenza , . . . . , . . . . . .480-487

Diabetes mellltus, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, . ...250

Suicide, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Chronic liver disease andcirrhosls. . . , , , , . ..571

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ,, . . ..44o

Another causes.,.......,,. . . . . .. Residual

1-14 years

AHcauses, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents andadveree effects , . . . . . ,E600-E949

Motor vehiclaaccldants , , . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietlc tissues . ...140-206

Congenital anomalies, , . . . ., ., . . . ...740-759

Oiseases of heart, , , . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Homicide andlegal intewantlon , , , . . ,E96C-E978

Suicide, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Pneumonia andlnfluenza . . . . . , . . . . . ,480-487

Banlgn neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . , . , , . , . . . . , , ,210-239

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..03S

Certain conditions originating In the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . ..760 . . . . . . . ..76O-779

All other causes,....,.,,,.. . . . . .. Rasldual

15-24 yeara

Allcsuses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects , . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehlcleaccldents , , . . . . . . , ,E810-E825

Ali other accidents and adverse

effecte. . . . . , , . . , . , ,E800-E807,E826-E949

Suicide ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homiolde andlegal intervention , , , , , ,E960-E976

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic andhematopoletlc tissues . ...140-208

Diseases ofhaart, , , , ., . . ,390-398,402,404-429

Congenital anomalies. , . . . , , , , , . . . . ,740-759

Human immunodeficlency vlruslnfectlon .*042-* 044

Cerebrovascular diseasea. . . . , , . . . ...430-438

Pneumonia and influenza . . , , . , , . , . . ,4&3-4S7

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diaaases and

allied conditions . . . . . . , , , , , . . . . , .490-496

Another causes, ,,, . . . . . . . .. Residualidual

1,636,015

564,903

395,245

112,810

73,444

64,668

32,931

31,737

62,357

33,527

24,895

17,760

15,049

271,337

S,654

3,627

1,797

1,830

1,038

S32

327

283

186

171

121

el

1,9::

20,6S3

11,159

8,923

2,236

3,528

1,316

1,191

495

310

193

134

11s

2,1%
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 37

Table 17. Deaths for the 10 leading causea “ofdeath for Hispanic and white non-Hlspanlc origin, for specified sge groups: Total of 45

States, New York State (excluding New York City), and the District of Columbia, f990-Con.

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. For a listing of States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision Intamational Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) M.rrrrber

.. .

1

...

,..

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

,..

. . .

1

i

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

1:

,,.

.,,

;

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. .

8

9

10

. . .

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E826-E949

Human immunodeficiencv virus

infection, . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . .E960-E976

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ...140-206

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . .571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-436

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-64 yeare

All causea . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietlc tissues . . . .140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404429

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Accidents and adverse effects , , . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficienoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . , . , . . . ...460-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 years and over

All causes..,,,,,....,,,,.. . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. , . . . . . . ,390-396,402,404429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hernatopoletic tissues ., ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases ., , . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellitus. ..,,,......,.. ,. . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . ,480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .490-496

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidenta . . . . . . . . . ,E61 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E825-E949

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. ., ., , , , , .571

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,56G589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. . ...038

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residuai

10,577

2,591

1,591

1,000

1,641

1,537

1,078

648

628

518

259

118

97

1,464

14,181

4,065

3,656

953

880

529

351

718

665

351

261

231

223

2,140

33,869

12,419

7,252

2,622

1,710

1,633

1,201

611

251

380

552

471

392

5,006

White non-Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseaaea, 1975) Number

. . .

1

...

...

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

,,.

1

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

.,.

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents andadverseeffecte . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . . . .140–208

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Human immunodeficiency virus infection .’042-’044

Homicide andlegal intewention . . . . . .E960-E978

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . ,571

Cerebrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes melliius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia andlnfluenza . . . . . . . . . . ..480-487

Another causea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-84 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Iymphafic andhematopoietic tissues . ...140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Accidenta andadverse effecta , . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehIcleaccldenta . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasas and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Suicide, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,E950-E959

Diabetea melliius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . , . ...480-487

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

65 years and over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . , . .390-S98,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . . . .140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases, . . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia andlnfluenza , . . . . . , . , . ..480-467

Diabetea mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . ,E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . , ,E81C-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Atherosclerosis, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o

Nephritis, nephrotlc syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..58G589

Septicemia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . ...038

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . .. Residual

82,961

18,253

11,230

7,023

14,844

9,521

9,190

8,796

3,521

2,414

1,704

1,428

1,000

12;290

262,794

100,513

76,664

10,165

5,111

5,054

10,114

9,125

7,077

5,986

5,985

3,666

2,717

30,762

1,242,036

477,813

277,594

101,701

62,663

57,142

26,029

20,974

5,749

15,225

14,366

12,727

11;214

179,793

.-2

llncludss deathaunderl year.of age,
38~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 18. Deaths and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1979-90

[Ratas per 100,000 population in specified group. For listing of drug-induced cauaes, see Technical notes] ,

A// other

A// races White Total Black

Both

Year

Both Both

Male Female

Both

sexes sexes Male Famala sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~9f382. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19852 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822.

1961*.:::::::::::::::: ::::::

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,463

10,710

10,917

9,796

9,976

8,663

7,692

7,492

7,310

7,106

6,900

7,101

3.6

4.1

4.2

3.8

4.0

3.5

3.2

3.1

::;

3.0

3.1

5,897

6,695

7,004

6,146

6,284

5,342

4,640

4,145

4,130

3,835

3,771

3,656

4.6

5.4

5.6

5.0

5.2

4.5

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

3,566

3,815

3,913

3,650

3,692

3,321

3,252

3,347

3,180

3,271

3,129

3,445

2.6

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.8

2,6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.9

7,603

8,336

8,409

7,547

7,946

6,946

6,309

6,187

5,991

5,863

5,814

6,116

3.3

::;

3.4

3.7

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.1

4,646

5;249

5,234

4,600

4,885

4,172

3,587

3,376

3,251

3,042

3,088

3,077

4.2

4.6

4.9

4.3

4.7

4.0

345

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.2

Number

2.957 1.860

Age-adjusted death rate

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

;::

4.6

6.0

6.6

H

4.9

4.6

4.0

4.1

H

3.4

1,251

1,646

1,770

1,546

1,399

1,170

1,053

767

679

793

663

579

1

6.7

8.9

10.0

9.0

%

6.7

5<1

5.8

2:

4.3

609

726

736

703

629

547

530

536

440

450

403

406

H

3.6

3.5

3.2

2.9

;:

2,6

2.7

2.5

2.6

1,703

2,236

2,395

2,101

1,906

1,600

1,460

1,194

1,212

1,152

1,006

897

5.7

7.5

8.3

7.4

;;;

5.5

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.1

3.7

1,155

1,570

1,700

1,465

1,335

1,107

997

724

622

751

646

540

8.4

11,4

12.9

11.3

10.5

8.9

6.2

::

6.6

5.6

4.9

548

666

695

636

571

493

483

470

390

401

358

357

3.4

4.1

4,4

4.1

::;

3.3

3.3

2.8

2.9

::;

1For method of computation, ses Technical notes.

‘Rates ere revised and, therefore, may differ from those published in Advance Report of Fins/ &forra//ty Sfaf/sf/m for 1989 and earlieryears see Technlcednotes.

Table 19. Deaths and age-adjusted death rates for alcohol-htduced causes, by race andsexlfnited States, 1979-90

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For listing of alcohol-induced causes, eee Technical notes]

Ail othar

All races White Total Black

Both

Year

Both Both

Male

Both

sexes Fama/a sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Fema/e

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,.. 19,757

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,810

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,672

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,819

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17;425

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,741

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,606

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,400

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,541

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,660

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.765

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18;951

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19652. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.2

7.3

7.1

6.6

6.7

7.0

7.0

;::

7.8

8.4

8.2

14,842

14,960

14,206

13,461

12,986

13,216

12,995

12,812

12,903

13,600

14,447

13,786

11.4

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.6

11.0

10.9

10.9

11.2

12.0

13.0

12.6

4,915

4,650

4,666

4,356

4,439

4,525

4,611

4,586

4,636

5,060

5,318

5,163

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.5

3,6

4.1

4.3

4.3

14,904

14,632

14,035

13,361

13,196

13,216

13,364

13,288

13,527

14,199

14,815

14,334

6.2

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.9

6.0

6.2

6.6

6.9

6.8

Number

3,570

3.525

4,853

4,976

4;837

4,456

4,227

4,525

4,222

4,112

4,014

4,461

4,950

4,617

Age-adjust8d death rate 1

9.9

9.9

9.5

9.2

9.0

9.2

9.3

9.3

1U

10.6

10.6

2.8

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.3

3.5

3.5

13.6

14.3

14.3

13.5

13.1

14.6

14.0

14.0

14.2

16.3

16.6

18.1

1,345

1,325

1,312

1,169

1,105

1,231

1,213

1,163

1,153

1,302

1,439

1,342

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.5

6.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.4

1M

9.7

4,337

4,400

4,294

4,055

3,853

4,114

3,776

3,708

3,603

4,000

4,451

4,132

16.1

16.6

16,6

15.9

15.3

16.6

15.7

15.6

15.7

17.9

20,4

19.2

3,172

3,263

3,159

3,028

2,862

3,030

2,710

2,668

2,573

2,856

3,170

2,953

26.6

27.7

27.3

26.7

25.5

27.7

25.4

25.4

25.1

28.5

32.4

30.4

1,165

1,137

1,135

1,027

991

1,084

1,066

1,040

1,030

1,142

1,281

1,179

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.3

7.1

8.0

8.0

6.0

6.1

1::

10.1

1For method of computation, see Technical notes,

‘Rates are revked and,therefore,may differ from those publlshed In Advance Report of Find &forta//ry Sfafis@ for 1989 and earlier years see Technical notes,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S). January 7, 1993 ~ 39

Table 20. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, by marital status, race, and sex United States, 1990

Marital atstus

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Botfr Both Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094,183 1,0B2,062 1,012,121 1,818,849 929,560 687,289 277,334 152,502 124,832 249,435 136,318 113,117

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,871 140,378 83,493

Ev~amr~ied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,859,521

173,341 105,092 88,249 50,530 35,286 15,244 46,636 32,342 14,296

933,841 925,580 1,838,124 819,232 816,892 223,397 114,709 108,668 199,537 101,583 97,954

913,817 641,733 272,084

Widowed:::::::::::::::::::

810,107 569,965 240,142 103,710 71,766 31,942 89,731

770,161 191,283 578,878

62,046 27,685

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

880,091 165,840 514,251 90,070 25,443 64,627 82,302 23,305 58,997

175,543 100,925 74,678

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

145,926 6$;;; 6;,;! 2~~;; 17,496 12,119 27,504 16,232 11,272

10,791 7,743 3,048 7,384 , 2,507 900 3,260 2,393 867

Percent distribution 2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 13.1

100.0

9.6 11.4 78.4 23.5 12.3 18.9

Ev~amr;ied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 86.9 9%

24.1 12.7

90.4 86.6 9X 81.6 76.5 87.7

43.9

81.1

59.7 27.0

75.9

44.6

87.3

Widowed:::::::::::::::::::

61.7 27.1 37.9 47.8

37.0

25.8

17.8

36.5 48,3

57.4 37.6

24.7

17.9 58.1 32.9 17.0 52.1 33.4 17.4

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4

52.6

9.4 7.4 8.1 9.0 7.1 10.8 11.7 9.8 11.2 12.1 10.0

1Excludas figures for age flOt stated.

2Dgnomlnatorg of percent distribution exclude deaths of personsOf unknownmaritalStStUS.

Table 21. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, by educational attainment, race, and sex Total of 28

States and the District of Columbia, 1990

A//other

All races White Total Black

Both Both Both Both

Years of school completed sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes MaIe Female sexes Male Female

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,684

0-6yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800

gl;egwa.. . . . .. a . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,047

8,385

13-15ye&9: ::::::::::::: ::::: 3,129

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

~Jj#:: :::::::::::::: :::: 3%

38.3

13-15ye&:: ::::::::::::: :::: 14.3

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4

17,333 5,351 17,164

1,400

6,250

6,524

2,215

346

598

1,%

1,861

914

190

189

1,511

5,649

8,240

2,521

451

592

100.0 100.0 100.0

3% 32; 3?;

39.0 36.1 37.7

1:: 17.7 15.2

3.7 2.7

Number*

12,986 4,176 5,520 4,345

1,190 321 269 210

4,435 1,414 2,198 1,815

4,835 1,405 2,145 1,889

1,780 741 608 435

298 153

450 142 1R 1::

Percent distribution 2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3::: 3::: 4%! 2:;

36.6 34.8 40.3 40.2

14.2 18.4 11,4 10.4

2.4 3.8 1.6 1.1

1,175

31:

456

173

37

47

100.0

3:::

40,4

15.3

3.3

4,727

225

1,931

1,884

457

1%

100.0

4::

41.3

10.0

1.4

3,756 971

165

1,617 3::

1,491 393

324 133

27

1% 44

100.0 100.0

4::: 3:::

41.1 42.4

6.9 14.3

1.0 2.9

lExcludes figures for age not stated.

2Dewmlnator~ of ~ercent ~strjbution exclude deaths of persons of unknown educational anainment.
40 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 22. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-90

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days-l 1 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1989, race

for live births is tabulated according to race of mother; see Technical notes]

All ofher

All races White Total Black

Both Both

Year

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of mother 1

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child 2

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother 1

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild2

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother 1

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child 2

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’.

1980 .,,.........,.,,.. . . . . .

1950, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.2

8.8

9.2

1;:

10.1

10.4

10.6

10.8

11.2

11.5

11.9

12.6

13.1

13.8

14,1

15.2

16.1

20.0

28.0

29.2

47.0

5.8

6.2

5.8

%

%

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.7

8.0

6.5

H

9.9

10.9

11.6

15.1

18.7

20.5

28.8

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.6

:::

3.6

3.7

3.6

:::

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.9

7.3

1::

10.3

10.8

10.3

10.8

11,0

11.2

11.5

11.9

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.1

13.9

14.5

15.3

15,8

18.6

17.9

22.4

29.3

32.8

52.5

6.5

6.8

8.5

6.6

8.9

7.1

7.4

7.8

7.7

8.0

8.5

8.8

U

10.5

11.0

12.0

12.9

17.0

21.2

23.3

32.8

3.8

4.0

3.8

4.0

4,0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

::

4,6

4,7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4,9

5.4

8.1

1U

8.1

8.8

8.1

8.8

6.9

N

9.3

1$:

10.2

10.7

11.2

11.6

12.2

12.4

13.6

14.2

17.5

22.8

25.5

41.3

5.2

5.6

H

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.5

H

7.6

k:

8.7

1::;

13.1

16.1

17.5

24.7

3.0

3.1

3.0

:::

:.:

3:2

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.9

U

4.0

4.4

6.5

1N

7.6

8.1

7.7

8.2

8.5

k:

9.3

9.4

1N

10.5

11,0

11.4

12.0

12.3

13.3

14.2

17.8

22.9

26.8

43.2

4.6

5.1

4.9

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.8

6.1

6.2

%

7.1

H

8.4

8.7

1:::

13.8

17.2

19.4

27.2

2.8

2.9

::

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3,5

H

3.6

3.6

4.0

5.7

1k:

Infant moriality rate

8.5 15.5

9.0 ?? 18.3

5.4

5.7

u

5.9

6.1

U

8.8

7.1

7.5

7.8

;:

9.3

1H

11.7

15.5

19.7

22.2

30.9

6.7

7,2

7,4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.3

8.6

;:

9.6

1;:;

10.7

11.7

12.3

15.4

19.8

23.1

37.6

14.4

15.2

15.0

15.4

15.7

15.8

16:1

16.8

17.3

17.8

19.1

19.8

21.1

21.7

23.5

24.2

30.9

43.2

44.5

73.8

Neonatal mortality rate

4.2

4,6

:;

4.6

2:

5.3

5.5

5.7

6.0

6.3

H

7.4

7.6

U

11.9

14.7

16.4

23.3

1:;

9.2

:;

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.2

10.8

11.3

11.6

12.5

12.9

14.0

14.7

16.3

16.8

21.4

26.9

27.5

39.7

Postneonatal mortality rate

3.1 2.4 5.7 6.2

3.4 2.5 6.0 6.5

3.2 2.4 5.3 5.7

3.4 2.5 5.6 6.1

3.6 2.7 5.4 5.7

3.6 2.7 5.4 5.9

3.6 2.7 6.2

% 6.0

U :;: 5.6 6.3

14.0

15.0

13,1

14.0

13.6

13.9

14.0

14.4

14.s

15.2

15.5

16.3

17,5

18,1

18.9

19.6

21.4

22.2

27.5

38.5

39.9

65.2

8.9

9.5

::

6.8

N

9.4

9.5

1U

10.9

11.5

11.8

12.4

13.3

14.9

15.3

18.9

23.6

24.2

34.5

5.1

5.5

4.s

5.2

5.0

4.9

2;

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

6.0

H

6,3

6.5

6.9

1H

15,7

30.7

18.0

16.6

17.0

17.7

17.6

17.9

18.0

16.2

18.4

19.2

19.6

20.0

21.4

21.8

23,1

23.6

25.5

26.2

32.6

44.3

%

11.6

11.9

10.9

11.3

11.5

11.7

11,7

12.1

17.s

12,4

13.1

13.4

14.1

14.3

15.5

16.1

17.9

18.3

22.8

27.6

27,8

39.9

6.4

6.7

6.1

6.4

6.2

6.1

H

6.5

6.8

6.6

H

7.5

7.6

7.6

7,6

7.9

1::

16.1

33.0

19.6

20.0

18.5

19.0

19.0

19.(3

20.0

19.9

19.0

21.’1

21.5

21.7

23.3

23.7

25.4

25.9

27.0

26.3

36.2

49.’1

46.3

81 .“i

12,7

12.8

12.0

12.2

12.5

12.9

13.0

13.2

12JF

13.6

74.3

14.fi

15.3

15.5

17.2

17,6

19.5

19.8

25.4

31.1

31.1

44,8

6.9

7.2

6.5

%

6.[1

7.()

6,7

7,t

;;

7.1

7.9 Sj!

8.jL

8.3

8.4

8.5

10.EI

18.0

17.2

36.4

16.2

17.2

15,3

16.3

16.1

16.0

16.0

16.5

16.9

17.2

17,7

1s.3

19.4

19.6

20.8

21.3

23.2

24.0

29.0

39.4

g;

10.4

11.0

1::

10.4

10,5

10.5

10.9

10.9

11.2

11.8

12.3

12.6

13.1

13.7

14.5

16.3

16.8

20.1

24.5

24.4

34.9

5.9

6.2

5.5

5.9

5.8

5.5

H

5.9

6.1

5.9

6.0

6.6

%

6.8

6.9

7.2

1::

15!0

28.7

‘Infant deaths based on race of decadent, and Ih$eMths based on race of mo!hec see Technlcel notss.

Zlnfant deaths baaed on race Of dewdant, and live blrlhe based on race Of child Sea Technical notes.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 41, No. 7(S). January 7, 1993 ~41

Table 23. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causes by rat= United Statas, 1990

[Ratea per 100,0CKI live births in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. Beginning In 1989, race for live births

is tabulated acwrding to race of mothec see Technical notes]

All A/I

Cause of destfr (Ninth Revision International Classification of Oisesses, 1975) racesl White Black recesl White Black

Atlcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceriein.intestinalinfections.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..008-009

Whmpmgcough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..033

Meningococcelinfeotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Viraldiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045-079

Congenital syphitis . . . . . . . . ..090

Remainderofinfacfious andpar~tic’d&;;e&~ ~~:~~:~~~;; ;;~.’OOl,OO7,

010-032,034-035,037,039-041 ,’042-’044,080-068,091 -139

Malignant neoplasmsj including neopleems of lymphatic

end hematopoietictwsues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior andof unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Diseasesofthymusgland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..254

Csticfibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..277.0

Dseasesofbloadand r blood-forming organs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280-289

Meningitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Other ~seases of nervous system and sense

Z$?;ppi;r;;&;aio”& ~nieZon;: :::::::::::::::::::: :

..323-389

..460465

Bronchtis andbronchiotitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466,490491

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480487

Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480486

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..487

Remainder of diseases of resoiratorv

system . . . . . . . . . . ...”... . ’.................470-478,492-519

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal obstruction

withoutmentionofhernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...550-553.560

Ggg{is, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and

. .535,555-556

Remainde;;f&ea;e;;~&ige&ie “.” “ “ ““ “-..” “ “ “ ‘ “ “

. .520-534,536-543,562-579

C%Y}eRtial"aiGrnatiei "."..,.. "..." .":." .. ..."." .U.".'. . . . . . . . . . . . . .740-759

Anencephalus andsimllaranomaties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740

Spinabifida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...741

Congenitalhydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...742.3

Other congenital anomaties of central nervous system

.742.0-742.2,742.4-742.9,743

C%’&%”anornalie; o~hiad”. ”.l..”.”.; “.”.”... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..745-746

Other congenital anomalies of circulatory

C;Y$e;(h’la;ornalie40;re;ti;aio~;y~(ern :::::::::::::::::

..747

..748

Congenital anomefies ofdigestivesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...749-751

Congenital anomalies ofgenitoufina system. . . . . . . . . . . . ...752-753

Congenital anomalies of musculoske Yetal

sys~em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..754-756

Down’sayndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..758.0

Otherchromosomal anomalies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...758.1-758.9

All other and unspecified conoenitel

anomalies . . . 1 . .744,757,759

Cerfein conditions o;g~na~ng ~n”~epe;na~al’ -- “ “ “ ‘ “ “ “ “ “

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Newborn affected bv maternal conditions which mav be

unrelatedtopresehtpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ...,760

Newborn affeotad by maternal complications of

pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761

Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord,

andmembranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Newborn affected by other complications of labor

and detivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...763

Slow fetal growth and fetal malnutrition . . . . ..764

Disorders relating toshort gestation andunspe&fied” “ . . “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “

Iowbkthweight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765

Disorders relating to long gestation and high

birthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Sirthtrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...767

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768

Fetal distress inliveborninfsnt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766.2-768.4

Birthasphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768.5-768.9

Respiratorydistresssyndrome... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..769

Otherrespirato conditions ofnewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...770

Infectionsspecltctotfreperinatelperiod 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Neonatelhe.morrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..772

Hemofytic dmease of newborn, due to isoimmunization,

andother perinataljaundice , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .773-774

Syndrome of “infant of a diabetic mothef’ and

neonatal diabetesmellitus . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775.0-775.1

Hemorrhagicdisease ofnewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...776.0

Ali other and ill-defined conditions originating in

the oerinatal~erlod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775.2-775.9.776.1-779

Symptoms, signs, andill-defined conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780-799

Sudden infantdeathsyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Symptoms, signs, and all other ill-defined

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...780-797.796.1-799

Number Rate

38,351

98

11

2:;

157

25

232

90

71

2

9

1:;

462

1%

634

627

7

390

87

126

8,;~

470

1::

357

2,601

509

1,162

143

465

544

111

885

703

17,482

227

1,655

975

74

30

4,013

20;

762

222

540

2,850

2,957

875

305

44

13

1

2,493

6,409

5,417

992

24,683

54

8

1:;

105

3

104

6s

57

:

1::

357

28

3%

368

7

251

59

69

130

6,418

366

12

279

2,018

376

913

102

390

420

7E

537

10,376

127

1,044

657

53

19

2,004

15;

505

158

347

1,798

1,768

569

186

26

12

1

1,455

4,161

3,643

518

12,290

41

1;

100

41

22

125

17

14

i

24

74

91

3

2%

235

128

26

49

1,5:

79

X

4:2

114

215

31

85

108

1::

138

6,688

98

571

291

19

11

1,812

1

2:;

1%

984

1,115

281

111

15

1

985

2,014

1,578

436

922.3

2.:

2:

3.6

0.6

5.6

2.2

1.7*

2.;

4.7

11.1

0.8

%;

15.1

*

9.4

2.1

3.0

192:

11.3

1::

6%

12.2

27.9

1?;

13.1

2?;

16.9

420.4

5.5

39.8

23.4

::;

96.5

●

12:

1?;

68.5

71.1

21.0

7.3

1.1

*

*

1R!

130.3

23.9

756.3

1.6*

:;

3.2*

3.2

2.1

1.7*

1.;

3,4

10.9

H

11.4

11.2*

7.6

1.8

2.1

19$!

11.1

::

8.5

61.3

11.4

27.7

1?:

12.8

2::

16.3

315.4

3.9

31.7

20.0

1.6*

60.9

●

4.6

15.3

1$:

54.6

53.7

17.3

5.7

0.9

*

*

44.2

126.5

110.7

15.7

1,795.9

6.0

●

14.;

E

18.3

*

●

●

●

1X

13.3

●

3::

34.3

●

18.7

3.8

7.2

22$;

11.5

5.;

7:$

16.7

31.4

1::

15.8

1;::

20.2

977.3

14.3

63.4

42.5

*

●

279.4

●

3;:

2:;

143.8

162.9

42.5

16.2

●

●

*

143.9

294.3

230.6

63.7

Seefootnofeatend oftsble.
42 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 23. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causes by race: United States, 1990-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 live births in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. Beginning In 1989, race for live births

is tabulated according to race of mothefl sea Technical notes]

All All

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975) races 1 White Black races 1 White Black

Number Rate

Accidents and adverse effects . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E949 930 609 2a9 22,4

Inhalation and ingestion of food or other object

18.5 42.2

causing obstruction of respiratory tract or suffocation. . . . . . . .E911-E912

Accidental mechanical suffocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .E913

165 107 50 4.0 3.3

240 143 90 5.8 1::

Other accidental causes and adverse

4,3

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800–E910.E91 4-E949

Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E96&E969

525 359 149 12.6 10.9 21.8

332 181 141 8.0

Child battering and other maltreatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E967 153 85

20.6

3.7 2:

Other homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E966,E968-E969 179 E 1?2

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual 1,636 1,0% 526 3;; 3?:: 76,9

llncludes races other than white and blsck.

Table 24. Deathe under 1 year and Infant mortality ratee for the 10 leading causes of infant death: United States, 1990

[Rates per 100,000 live births. Beginning in 1989, race for live births is tabulated according to race of mother; eee Technical notes]

Rank

order 1 Cause of daath (Ninth Ravision International Claseiflcation of Diseaees, 1975) Number Rate

.. .

6

7

8

9

10

,..

. ..

1

2

3

4

5

6

:

;

3

4

. . .

All races 2

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+ . . . . . . . ...740-759

Sudden lnfantdeath syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..765

Reapkatory distress syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnan

Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, anY“””””’ membranes.”””””. . . .””’””. . . . .+”””” . . . . ””+”” . . . . . ”””76’ . . .762

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E600-E949

Infectlone epecificto theperinatsl period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

White

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Sudden infant death ndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..798.0

Disorders retatingtos Y ortgestation andunspeclfled iowbldhwelght. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Respiratory distrese syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affeoted bymaternal complications ofpregnanc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Newborn affected bycomplicatlons ofplacenta, cord,an J’ membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Accldentaandadvereeeffects.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E800-E949

Infeotlonsapecifictotheperlnatalperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Intrauterlnehypoxlaand birthasphyxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480487

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Black

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlsordera relating toehortgeatstion and unepeclfied lowbirthwelght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765

Sudden infantdeath syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...796.0

Congenitslanomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Resplratorydletreessyndrome... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affeoted bymaternal complications ofpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Infectionsspecifictotheperinatalperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Newborn affecied bycompllcatlons ofplacenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Accidents andadverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E600-E949

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460+87

Intrauterine hypoxiaand birthasphyxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

All othercauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

36,351

8,239

5,417

4,013

2,850

1,855

975

930

875

762

634

12,001

24,663

6,416

3,643

~:;:

1:044

657

609

569

505

375

7,261

12,290

1,912

1,576

1,530

984

571

291

291

269

235

231

4,378

922.3

198.1

130.3

96.5

68,5

39.8

23.4

22.4

21.0

16.3

15.2

268.6

756.3

195.1

1::;

54:6

31.7

20.0

18.5

17.3

15.3

11.4

220.7

1,795.9

279.4

230.6

223.6

143,8

63.4

42.5

42.5

42<2

34.3

33.8

639.7

‘Rank based on number of deathq see Technical notes.

zln~lude$ races other than ~~te snd black.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● VOL 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 43

Table 25. Total deaths and death rates, and infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates for the United States, each division, and State;

and by race and sex for the United States, 199o

Total deaths Infant deaths (under 1year) Newratal deatfrs (under 28 days)

Race, sex, and area Number Ratel Number Rate2 Number Rate2

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Main.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorthCentral ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . ...<.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mlesouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DLstrictofColumbia ...,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SouthCarollna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii. .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,148,463

1,113,417

1,035,046

663.6

916.4

812.0

38,351

21,856

16,495

24,863

14,371

10,512

9.2

10.3

6.1

24,30S

13,639

10,470

5.6

6.5

5.2

4.8

5.4

4.2

1;:

8.9

11.6

12.7

10.4

4.9

4.6

::

4.8

5.9

5.6

6.4

6.5

:::

6.5

%

7.0

7.0

:::

4.3

:;

5.5

5.4

4.9

5.1

7.1

6.9

1:~

7.0

6.3

7.3

7.9

6.1

6.2

6.5

4.7

6.5

7,3

7.6

5.2

5.3

:;

4.9

4.9

4,6

4.4

3.9

5.2

5.3

E

4.6

:;

4.2

::

4.2

1,853,254

950,812

902,442

295,209

162,605

132,604

265,498

145,359

120,139

686.0

930.9

646.9

7.6

8.5

6.6

15,751

9,075

6,676

8,556

4,764

3,784

7,905

4,405

3,500

737.9

651.6

634.2

871.0

1006.0

747.9

13,468

7,465

5,963

12,290

6,811

5,479

15.6

17.0

14.0

18.0

19.6

16.2

7.2

6.2

7.1

114,551

11,106

8,466

4,595

53,179

9,576

27,607

361,270

168,936

70,363

121.951

867.4

904.5

1,457

108

992

79

765.2 67

816.5

863,9

954.3

125

6;;

123

6.4

7.0

8.1

4Z

89

839.9

960.8

939.0

910.5

1026.4

398

5,596

2,651

1,102

1,643

6,614

1,640

631

2,104

1,641

596

2,279

496

319

746

74

7.9

9.5

9.6

::

10.1

9.s

279

3,768

1,931

749

1,066

4,370

1.043

372:674 687.6

98;822 911.0

49,569 894.1

103,006 901.1

78.744 847.1

9.6

10.7

10.7

8.2

“530

1,377

1,075

42;733 345

161,089

34,776

26,684

50,377

5,676

6,326

14,769

22,279

392,113

5,764

36,413

7,313

46,013

19.365

673.6

912.2

794.9

966.2

984.5

888.9

8.4

7.3

U

8.0

10.1

8.3

1::;

1,361

“295

185

451

51

908.9 59

935.7

8S9.2

900.0

111

202

329

7.461

120

4,%

665.2 77

803.4

1205.0

776.0

1080.9

“112

766

245

1,013

223

10.1

9.5

20.7

10.2

9.9

57;315

29,715

51,810

134,385

145.901

684.7 1.10s 10.8

11.7

12.4

1V4

8.5

652.2 “683

788.8 1,392

1038.7 1,918

961.4 2,449

461

917

1,235

1,542

35;076 258

46,315

39,381

25,127

218,060

24,652

37.571

951.8

949.6

974.6

976.5

616.7

1048.7

680.3

771

686

529

4,125

336

799

436

10.3

10.8

12.1

8.7

1::

9.2

6.1

8.6

9.0

6.7

8.6

8.8

9.0

460

462

332

2,480

195

X

1.566

30;378

125,479

97,023

6,661

7,452

3,203

21,583

10.625

965.7

738.7

710.3

858.6

740.2

706.1

655.1

701.3

2,552

2,088

105

143

4%

246

1;193

63

73

2%

145

26;789

9,192

9,316

285,562

37,087

25,136

214,369

2,188

6,782

785.5

533.5

775.3

729.8

762.1

684.3

720.3

397.8

612.0

610

271

181

6,082

821

6.8

7.5

377

139

RI

7.6

6.3

103

3,625

332

354 180

4,644

125

136

7.9

10.5

6.7

2,966

61

86

1Per 1CQ,000 population In each ram.sex group end area.

Zper 1,OW w births In each rsce.s.ex group and area. Baginnlng In 1989, rata for live births Is tabulsted according to race of molhac see Technical notes.

1

NOTE Caution should b. used in cmnpsring cruda death rates by State.

Deethratesareaffactsd byttrepcpulstlonmmpositlon oftheerea.
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Table 26. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by specified Hispsnlc origin and race for non-Hispanic origin:

Total of 45 States, New York State (excluding New York City), and the District af Columbla, 1990

[Rates per 1,000 live births in specified group. Live births based on race and Hispanic origin of mothen see Technical notes. For a listing of States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic Non-H/span/c

All Puerto Other Not

Age origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban Ffispan/cl Totalz White Black stated3

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,030 4,228 2,952 363 81 832 30,231 16,745 10,465 571

Under 28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,202 2,706 1,873 249 60 524 19,044 11,792 6,698

28days-l l months . . . . . . . . . . . .

452

12,628 1,522 1,079 114 21 308 11,187 6,953 3,767 119

Rate

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 7.8 7.7 10.2 7,6 7.2 9.3 7.4 17,9 . . .

Under 28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 5.0 4.9 7.0 5,6 4,5 5.8

28days-ll months . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3

11.4 . . .

2.6 2.6 3.2 2,0 2,6 3.4 z 6.4 . . .

1Includes Central and South American and other and unknown Hlspanlc.

2j”~l”d~~ r~~e$ other than .#/~te a“d bfa~k.

slncludes Infant deaths that occurred in States that did not reporl Hispanic origin on the death Wv’Wicate.

4Figures for orlgln not stated included In All origins but not distributed among origin groups.

Table 27. Maternai deaths and maternal mortality rates for selected causes by race: United States, 1990

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperlum, catego~ numbers 630-676 of the Nkrtfr Rev/s/on /nternationa/

C/ass/fication of Diseases, 1975, Ratea per 100,000 live births In specified group. Beglnnlng In 1989, race for live births 1stabulated according to race of mother see

Technical notes]

All other A/l other

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International All All ——

Classification of Diseases, 1975) races White Total Black races White Total Black

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..&30-676

Pregnancy with abortive outcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..630-638

Ectopic pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...633

Spontaneous abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...634

Legally induced abortion .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ...635

Illegally induced abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...636

Other pregnancy with abortive outcome. . . . . .630-632,637-636

Direct obstetric causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .640-646,651-876

Hemorrhage of pregnancy and childbirth . . . . . ...640-641.666

Toxemia of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . ...642.4-642.9.643

Obstructed labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ...660

Comcdlcations of thermerDerium. . . . . . . . .670-678

Othe}dlreof obstetric’

causes, , . . .642.0-642 .3,644-646,651 -659,661 -865,667+69

Indkect obstetric causes . . . . . . . . . . . . .647-646

Delivery in a completely normal case. . . . . . . . . . . ..650

Number Rate

343 177 166 153

57 23

41 14

6 4

1

1 7

8 4

265 140

44

64 ::

99 51

34 33

27 26

2 2

1 1

4 4

46 43

58 29 29 26

21 14 7 7

8.2 5.4 19.1 22.4

1.4 0.7

1

* E ;:

* * * *

* * * *

* * * *

* * * ●

6.4 4.3 14.4 16.5

1.1 0.6

1.5 1 3,: 3,;

* * * *

2.4 1.6 5.5 6.3

1,4 0.9 3.3 3.6

0.5 * * *

● ● * *
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 45

Table 28. Number of autopsies and percent of deaths for which autopsies were reported for 15 leading causes of death: United States,

1990

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Reported autopsy

Rank Total

order 1 Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975) deaths Number Percent

. . . Allceuses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148,463 239,591 11.2

1 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-398.402,404-429 720,058

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . ...140-208

54,542 7.6

505,322

: Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

17,906 3.5

144,088

4 Accidents andadveree effecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E800-E949

5,163 3.6

91,983

Motor vehicie accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E810-E825

46,353 50.4

. . 46,814

Another accidente andadverseeffecte . . . . . . . .

24,810 53

. . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

5 Chronic obstrutive pulmona~diseases andallied cond~ons. ".",".". ".". ".".". . . . . . . . . .

45,169 21,543 47.7

..490496

6

86,679

Pneumonia andlnfluenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

3,948 4.6

79,513

Diabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

5,643 7.1

i

47,664

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950. .E95o-E959

2,085

9

30,906

Chronic liverdiseaseandcirrhosis, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..57I

17,016 5:?

25,615

Human immunodeficiencyvirus infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

4,372 16.9

:;

25,186

Homicideandlegal intervention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Egs&Eg78

2,625 10.4

24,932

Nephritis, nephroticsyndrome, and nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . .58fJ-569

24,166 96.9

;:

20,764

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..03g

1,022 4.9

19,169

14 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

1,641 8.6

18,047

15 Certain conditions originatinginthe perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...76&779

458 2.5

17,674

Allothercausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

4,152 23.5

. . . 290,661 48,499 16.7

lRank basedon numberof death%see Technicalnotea.
46 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No, 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0,05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 deaths in

numerator or denominator)
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 47

Technical notes

Nature and sources of data

Data shown in this report are

based on information from all death

certificates filed in the 50 States and

the District of Columbia. The U.S.

Standard Certificate of Death was

revised in 1989; for additional details

see the 1989 revision of the U.S. standard certificates and reports, and

Technical Appendix jion7 Vital Statistics

of the United States, vol II (4,5).

Mortality statistics are based on

information coded by the States and

provided to the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) through the

Vital Statistics Cooperative Program

(VSCP) and from copies of the original certificates received from the

State registration offices. In 1990 all

the States and the District of

Columbia participated in this program

and submitted part or all of the mortality data for 1990 on computer tape

to NCHS. The 25 States in the VSCP

that submitted preceded medical data

for all deaths on computer tapes are

California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisima, Maine,

Ma@.nd, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New

Hampshire, New York State (excluding

New York Ctty), North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont,

Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.

NCHS also contracted with Colorado and

Kansas to precede medical data for all

deaths on computer tape for Alaska, Delaware, Idaho, North Dakota, and Wyoming. Vermont subcontracted with

Pennsylvania to code its medical data.

The remaining 20 VSCP States, New

York City, and the District of Columbia

submitted copies of the original certificates from which NCHS coded the medical data. For 1990 all States submitted

preceded demographic data for all deaths.

Data for the entire United States

refer to events occurring within the

United States. Data shown for geographic areas are by place of residence. Beginning with 1970, mortality

statistics exclude deaths of nonresidents of the United States. All data

exclude fetal deaths.

Cause-of-death classification

The mortality statistics presented

here were compiled in accordance with

the World Health Organization

(WHO) regulations, which specify that

member nations classi~ causes of

death by the current Manual of the

International Statistical Classification of

Dkeases, Injuries, and Causes of Death

(6). Causes of death for 1979-90 were

classified according to the manual. For

earlier years, causes of death were

classified according to the revisions

then in use – 1968-78, Eighth Revision; 1958–67, Seventh Revision; and

1949–57, Sixth Revision. Changes in

classification of causes of death due to

these revisions may result in discontinuities in cause-of-death trends. Consequently, cause-of-death comparisons

among revisions require cctnsideration

of comparability ratios and, where

available, estimates of their standard

errors. Comparability ratios behveen

the Eighth and Ninth Revisions,

between the Seventh and Eighth Revisions, and between the Sixth and Seventh Revisions may be found in other

NCHS reports (7-9).

Besides specifying the classification, WHO regulations outline the

form of medical certification and the

procedures to be used in coding cause

of death. Cause-of-death data presented in this publication were coded

by procedures outlined in annual

issues of the NCHS Instmctional

Manual (10-15).

Before 1968, mortality medical

data were based on manual coding of

an underlying cause of death for each

certificate in accordance with WHO

rules. Effective with data year 1968,

NCHS converted to computerized

coding of the underlying cause and

manual coding of all causes (multiple

causes) on the death certificate. In this

system, called “Automated Classification of Medical Entities” (ACME)

(13), the multiple cause codes serve as

inputs to the computer software that

employs WHO rules to seIect the

underlying cause. Since 1968, many

States aIso have implemented ACME

and provide multiple cause and underlying cause data to NCHS in electronic

form.

Beginning with data year 1990,

another computer system is being

implemented. This system, called

“Mortality Medical Indexing, Classification, and Retrieval” (MICAR)

(14,15), automates the coding of the

muItiple causes of death. In addition,

MICAR ultimately will provide much

more detailed information on the diseases reported on death certificates

than is available through the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

code structure. In this first year of

implementation, only about 5 percent

(94,372) of the Nation’s death records

were multiple cause coded using

MICAR with subsequent processing

through ACME. This includes a portion of the records for Alabama, Kentucky, Oregon, Rhode Island, and

West Virginia. The remainder of the

national file was processed by either

NCHS or the State using only the

ACME system.

In this report, tabulations of

cause-of-death statistics are based

solely on the underlying cause of

death. The underlying cause is defined

by WHO as the disease or injury that

initiated the sequence of events

leading directly to death or as the

circumstances of the accident or violence that produced the fatal injury, It

is selected from the conditions entered

by the physician in the cause-of-death

section of the death certificate. When

more than one cause or condition is

entered by the physician, the underlying cause is determined by the

sequence of conditions on the certificate, provisions of the ICD, and associated selection rules. Generally, more

medical information is reported on

death certificates than is directly

reflected in the underlying cause of

death.

Codes for HIV infection

Beginning with data for 1987,

NCHS introduced category numbers
48 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(!3 ● Janua~ 7, 1993 ~

“042–”044 for classifying and coding

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection. The asterisk before the category numbers indicates that these

codes are not part of the Ninth Revision of the International Classification

of Diseases (ICD-9). Deaths classified

to HIV infection for 1989–90 are

shown in table 14. They are included,

but not shown separately, in the category All other infectious and parasitic

diseases in the List of 72 Selected

Causes of Death and in the category

Remainder of infectious and parasitic

diseases in the List of 61 Selected

Causes of Infant Deaths. Before 1987,

deaths involving HIV infection were

classified to Deficiency of cellmediated immunity (ICD 279.1), contained in the category All other

diseases; to Pneumocystosis (ICD-9

No. 136.3), contained in the category

All other infectious and parasitic diseases; to Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues; and to a

number of other causes. As a consequence, cause-of-death data beginning

with 1987 are not strictly comparable

with data for previous years.

For data years 1983-86, acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

and HIV infection, when reported on

the death certificate, were assigned to

the category Deficiency of cellmediated immunity (ICD-9 No. 279.1),

Because the selection rules for underlying cause of death were developed

before the identification of AIDS,

other conditions mentioned on the

death certificate and not category No.

279.1 were often selected as the underlying cause of death during this period.

Also, this category was not uniquely

specific for HIV conditions. As mentioned in more detail in previous

reports for 1984-86 (16-18) the

number of death certificates that had

mention of conditions coded to ICD-9

No. 279.1 was 2,943 for 1984, 6,040 for

1985, and 10,900 for 1986. It is

believed that HIV infection was

involved in most of these deaths.

Drug-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

drug-induced mortality include ICD-9

No. 292, Drug psychoses; No. 304,

Drug dependence; Nos. 305.2-305.9,

Nondependent use of drugs, not

including alcohol and tobacco; Nos.

E850–E858, Accidental poisoning by

drugs, medicaments, and biological;

Nos. E950.0-E950.5, Suicide by drugs,

medicaments, and biological; No,

E962.0, Assault from poisoning by

drugs and medicaments; and NOS.

E980.O–E980.5, Poisoning by drugs,

medicaments, and biological, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted. Drug-induced causes

exclude accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to drug

use.

Alcohol-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

alcohol-induced mortality include

ICD-9 No. 291, Alcoholic psychoses;

No. 303, Alcohol dependence syndrome; No. 305.0, Nondependent

abuse of alcohol; No. 357.5, Alcoholic

polyneuropathy; No. 425.5, A1coholic

cardiomyopathy; No. 535.3, Alcoholic

gastritis; Nos. 571,0–571.3, Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis, specified as

atcoholic; No. 790.3, Excessive blood

level of alcohol; No. E860, Accidental

poisoning by alcohol, not elsewhere

classified. Alcohol-induced causes

exclude accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to

alcohol use.

Educational attainment

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

mortality data on educational attainment are being tabulated from information reported on the death

certificate, As a result of the revision

of the U.S. Standard Certificate of

Death (4), this item was added to the

certificates of numerous States. Mortality data on educational attainment

for 1990 are based on deaths to residents of the 28 States and the District

of Columbia whose data were at least

90 percent complete on a place-ofoccurrence basis. These 28 States are

Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii,

Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New

Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,

Texas, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, and

Wyoming.

Quality of reporting of

cause-of-death

One index of the quality of

reporting causes of death is the proportion of death certificates coded to

the Ninth Revision Chapter XVI

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions (ICD-9 Nos. 780-799), Although

deaths occur for which the underlying

causes are impossible to determine,

this proportion indicates the care and

consideration given to the certification

by the medical certifier. This proportion also may be used as a rough measure of the specificity of the medical

diagnoses made by the certifier in various areas. In 1990, a record low of

1.12 percent of all reported deaths in

the United States were assigned to

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions (ICD-9 Nos. 780–799) compared

with 1.25 percent for 1989. However,

trends in the percent of deaths

assigned to this category vary by age.

Although the percent of deaths from

this cause for all ages combined generally has remained stable since 1980,

decreases have occurred for the age

group 55-64 years since 1983; for age

group 65-74 years since 1983 for age

group 75-84 years since 1986; and for

10-year age groups from 15 to 54 years

since 1988. Between 1989 and 1990,

the percent decreased for all age

groups, except for those under 1 year

of age, which was unchanged.

Population bases for

computing rates

The population used for computing death rates and life tables

shown in this report (furnished by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census) represents

the population residing in the specified

area. The populations for 1990 are

based on the April 1, 1990 census

enumeration. Death rates iind life

tables for 1981-89 have been, recomputed, based on revised populations

that are consistent with the 1990

census levels (19,20). They are, therefore, not comparable with death rates

and life table values published in the
Monthly Vit8

Advance Repotis of Final A40rtali@Statistics, in Etal Statistics of the United

States, Volume IL Mortality, and in

other NCHS publications for those

years.

Infant mortality rates shown in figure 5 and tables E and 22–26 are the

most commonly used index for measuring the risk of dying during the first

year of life. They are calculated by

dividing the number of infant deaths in

a calendar year by the number of live

births registered for the same period

and are presented as rates per 1,000 or

per 100,000 live births. Infant mortality

rates use the number of live births in

the denominator to approximate the

population at risk of dying before the

first birthday.

In contrast to infant mortality

rates based on live births, infant death

rates shown in figure 2 and tables A, 2,

5,9, and 14 are based on the estimated

population under 1 year of age. For

intercensal years infant death rates

that appear in tabulations of agespecific death rates are calculated by

dividing the number of infant deaths in

a calendar year by the midyear population of infants under 1 year of age

(estimated from births occurring in the

12-month period ending with June)

and are presented as rates per 100,000

population in this age group. Because

of differences in the denominators,

infant death rates may differ from

infant mortality rates.

Race for Infant and Maternal

Mortality Rates

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

the method of tabulating live births by

race was changed from race of child to

race of mother. This change affects

infant and maternal mortality rates

because live births comprise the

denominator of these rates. In 1989

and 1990, as in previous years, infant

and maternal deaths continue to be

tabulated by the race of the decedent.

As noted in detail in Technical

Appendix to V?tal Statistics of the

United States, Volume I, Natality (21),

beginning with 1989, live births are

tabulated primarily by race of mother,

as reported directly on the birth certificate. Before 1989 birth tabulations

Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993 ~ 49

were by race of child, as determined

statistically by an algorithm based on

race as reported for the mother and

father. Briefly, in cases of mixed parentage where only one parent was

white, the child was assigned to the

other parent’s race. When neither

parent was white, the child was

assigned the race of the father, except

if either parent was Hawaiian, the

child was assigned to Hawaiian. If race

was not reported for one parent, the

child was assigned the race of the

parent for whom race was given.

The change in tabulating live

births by race reflects three factors

over the past two decades —the topical

content of the birth certificate has

been expanded to incIude considerable

health and demographic information

related to the mother, the increasing

incidence of interracial parentage, and

the growing proportion of births for

which no information on the father is

reported.

Quantitatively, the change in the

basis for tabulating live births by race

results in more white births and fewer

black births and births of other races.

Consequently, infant and matemal

mortality rates under the new tabulating procedure tend to be about

2 percent lower for white infants and

about 5 percent higher for black

infants than they are when computed

by the previous method of tabulating

live births by race of child. Rates for

most other minority races also are

higher when computed by race of

mother (5).

The change in tabulating race of

live births presents challenges to those

analyzing infant and maternal mortality data, particularly trend data. To

facilitate continuity and ease of interpretation, key published tables for

1989 and 1990, including all trend

tables, will show data computed on the

basis of live births tabulated by race of

mother and race of child. This will

make it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change from real

changes in the data. The text in this

report focuses on live birth data tabulated by race of mother except where

trends are discussed. In the latter case,

the anaIysis is based on data tabulated

by race of child.

Cause-of-death ,rankinqs

The cause-of-death rankings

shown in figure 4 and tables B-D, 5-7,

17, and 28 are based on the List of 72

Selected Causes of Death and HIV

infection (ICD-9 Nos. *042-*044). The

cause-of-death ranking for infants in

table 24 is based on the Lkt of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death and

HIV infection. HIV infection was

added to the lists of rankable causes

effective with data year 1987.

The group titles Major cardiovascular diseases and Symptoms, signs,

and iii-defined conditions are not

ranked from the List of 72 Selected

Causes; Certain conditions originating

in the perinatal period and Symptoms,

signs, and ill-defined conditions are

not ranked from the List of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death. In

addition, catego~ titles that begin with

the words “Other” and “All Other”

are not ranked to determine the

leading causes of death. When one of

the titles that represents a subtotal is

ranked (for example, Tuberculosis), its

component parts are not ranked (in

this case, Tuberculosis of respiratory

system and Other tuberculosis).

Age-adjusted rates

The age-adjusted rates presented

in this report were computed by the

direct method, that is, by applying the

age-specific death rates for a given

cause of death to the standard population distributed by age. The total population as enumerated in 1940 was

selected as the standard. By using the

same standard population, the rates

for the total population and for each

race-sex group were adjusted separately. The age-adjusted rates were

based on 10-year age groups. It is

important not to compare age-adjusted

death rates with crude rates.

Random variation

Although the mortality data in this

report (except data for 1972) are not

subject to sampling error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of deaths involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such
50 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. Such infrequent events may be

assumed to follow a Poisson probability distribution. For this distribution, a simple approximation may be

used to estimate the confidence

interval, as follows:

If N is the number of registered

deaths in the population and R is the

corresponding rate, the chances are 19

in 20 (approximate 95-percent confidence interval) that

1. N-2 fland N +2fl

covers the “true” number of

events.

2. R-2~ and R+2~

m @-

covers the “true” rate.

If the rate R, corresponding to N,

events is compared with the rate R2

corresponding to Nz events, the difference be~een the two rates may be

regarded as statistically significant if it

exceeds

Additional information on random

variation may be found in the Technical Appendix of Wal Statistics of the

United States, Volume II (5).

Infant and maternal mortality

rates—Comparisons made in the text

among infant, neonatal, postneonatal,

and maternal mortality rates, unless

otherwise specified, are statistically

significant at the 0.05 level of significance. Lack of comment in the text

about any two rates does not mean

that the difference was tested and

found not to be significant at this level.

Rates, proportions, and ratios

Beginning with 1989 data, an

asterisk is shown in place of a rate

based on 20 or fewer deaths. These

rates have a relative standard error of

23 percent or more and are, therefore,

considered statistically unreliable. For

age-adjusted death rates, this criterion

is applied to the sum of the agespecific deaths.

Life tables

U.S. abridged life tables are constructed by reference to a standard life

table (22).

Hispanic origin

For 1990 mortality data for the

Hispanic-origin population are based

on deaths to residents of 45 States,

New York State (excluding New York

City), and the District of Columbia

whose data were at least 90percent

complete on a place-of-occurrence

basis and considered to be sufficiently

comparable to be used for analysis,

The 45 States are Alabama, Alaska,

Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,

Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland,

Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,

Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,

Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New

Mexico, North Carolina, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, South Carolina, South

Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Data

for New York City are excluded for

1990 because more than 10 percent of

its death certificates were coded to

“unknown origin.” Because about half

of the deaths to Puerto Ricans are

accounted for by New York City, the

resulting mortality data may not be

comparable with that of previous

years.

Infant mortality rates for the

Hispanic-origin population are based

on numbers of resident infant deaths

reported to be of Hispanic-origin and

numbers of resident live births by Hispanic origin of mother for 45 States,

New York State (excluding New York

City), and the District of Columbia.

The 45 States are the same as listed

above. In computing infant mortality

rates, deaths and live births of

unknown origin are not distributed

among the specified Hispanic and nonHispanic groups. Because the percent

of infant deaths of unknown origin was

1.6 and the percent of live births of

unknown origin was 1,0 in the

reporting area for 1990, infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin

and race for non-Hispanic origin may

be somewhat underestimated,

Small numbers of infant deaths for

specific Hispanic-origin groups can

result in infant mortality rates subject

to relatively large random variation

(see section, “Random variation”).

In 1990 the 45 States, New York

State (excluding New York City), and

the District of Columbia accounted for

about 89 percent of the Hispan,ic population in the United States, including

about 99 percent of the Mexican population, 58 percent of the Puerto

Rican population, 92 percent of the

Cuban population, and 81 percent of

the “Other Hispanic” population (23).

Computation of percent

distributions

Deaths of persons of unknown

marital status and unknown educational attainment were subtracted

from figures for total deaths used as

denominators before percent distributions were computed,
52 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 41, No. 7(S) ● January 7, 1993

This report represents summary tabulations from the final mortality statistics for 1990. More

detailed tabulations for 1990 will be published in Wal Statktics of the United States, 1990

Volume II –Mortality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National Center for Health

Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

I 1

Suggested citation Copyright information National Center for Health StatIatlcs

:.

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance This report may be reprinted without further Director

report of final mortality statistics, 1990. permission. Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.)+.

Monthly vital statistics repo~ VOI41 no 7,

suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Acting Deputy Director

Service. 1993.

Jack R. Anderson

eU .S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPPICE:1996-404-8S8/40010
Vkal and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.

SERIES 2.

SERIES 3.

SERIES 4.

SERIES 5.

SERIES 6.

SERIES 10.

SERIES 11.

SERIES 12.

SERIES 13.

Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health $tati.stk. They include descriptionsof the methods

usad to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

Data Evaluation and Methods Research-These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include anal~”cal

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributionsto statisticaltheory.These studies also

include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

Analytical and Epidemiological Studies-These reports

present analytical or interpretive Wdies based on vital and

health statistics.These reports carry the analyses furtherthan

the expository types of reporta in the other series.

Documents and Committee Reports-These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

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registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

International Vltsl and Health Statistics Reports-These

reports are analytical or descriptivereports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

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cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

Dsta From the National Health Interview Survey-These

reporta contain statistics on illnesw unintentional injuries

dissbil~ use of hosp-til, medical, and other health servi~

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuingnational household intewiew survey.

Date From the National Health Examination Surve~ the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hlapanic Heatth and Nutrition Examination Suwey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or condfiions in the United

States and the distributionsof the population with respect to

physical, physiological, and psychologicalcharacteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

Data From the National Health Care Suwey—These

reports contain ~-~”cs on health resources end the publii’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14.

SERIES 15.

SERIES 16.

SERIES 20.

SERIES 21.

SERIES 22.

SERIES 23.

SERIES 24.

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distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

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statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Canter for Health Statistics.

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information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

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order in which they are published. Some of these releases

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reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend amdysss

are included.

Date on Natslity, Marriage, and Divorce-These reports

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not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

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based on vital records, are now publiihad in Series 20 or 21.

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rates, including contraception, infertility, cohabitation,

marriage, dworce, and remarriage adoption; use of medical

care for family planning and infertil~ and related maternal

and infant health topics. These statistics are based on

national surveys of childbearing age.

Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage,

Divorce, and Induced Terminations of Pregnancy—

These include advance reports of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics system that ware published as supplement to the

Monthly Vi Statk&s Report (MVSR). Theea reports provide

highlights and summaries of detailed data subsequently

published in Vita\ Statistics of the United States. Other

supplements to the MVSR published here provide selected

findings based on final data from the National Wsl Statistics

System and may be followed by detailed repats in Sarke 20

or 21.

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