Mechanisms of Military Coatings 

Degradation: Color and Gloss 

Performance Evaluation 

by William S. Lum, Philip H. Patterson, 

and John A. Escarsega 

ARL-TR-2670 

-- .._..-... .-. 

February 2002 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

2002040427 I 
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an 

official Department of the Army position unless so 

designated by other authorized documents. 

Citation of manufacturer’s or trade names does not 

constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use 

thereof. 

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not 

return it to the originator. 
Army Research Laboratory 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069 

ARL-TR-2670 Februarv 2002 

Mechanisms of Military Coatings 

Degradation: Color and Gloss 

Performance Evaluation 

William S. Lum, Philip H. Patterson, and 

John A. Escarsega 

Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ARL 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 
Abstract 

The Weapons and Materials Research Directorate of the U.S. Army Research 

Laboratory is leading a research study on military coatings degradation. The goal 

of this project is to provide detailed analysis of coating system failure 

mechanisms and, where possible, provide predictive capability to enable service 

life estimates for these systems. This interim report focuses on some of the initial 

durability data gathered on the coatings’ exposures in Florida, Arizona, and in 

an accelerated ultraviolet light chamber. The changes occurring in the topcoats’ 

camouflage properties (i.e., gloss, color, and infrared reflectance) due to these 

weathering effects are tabulated and discussed. 

ii 
Contents 

List of Tables 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Introduction 1 

Approach 1 

2.1 Outdoor Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

2.2 Accelerated Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

2.3 Coating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Experimental 2 

3.1 Sample Preparation .,...................................................................................... 2 

3.2 Color and IR Reflectance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

3.3 Gloss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

Results and Conclusions 3 

4.1 Outdoor Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

4.2 Accelerated Weathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Future Work 5 

References 7 

Appendix. Spreadsheets of Exposure Results 9 

Distribution List 15 

Report Documentation Page 25 

. . . 

ill 
iv 
List of Tables 

Table 1. Coating systems selected for study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 

Table 2. Summary of exposure data: delta color (NBS units) and gloss 

values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 

V 
INTENTIONALLYLEFTBLANK. 

Vi 
1. Introduction 

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Weapons and Materials Research 

Directorate (WMRD) is the lead activity responsible for managing a multi-year 

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) that 

involves the study of military coatings degradation when exposed to various 

climatic environments. The ARL 2000 Annual Progress Report prepared for the 

SERDP Review Board provides the technical approach and experimental details 

of the investigation [l]. The goal of this joint service effort is to identify, model, 

and predict the degradation mechanisms that lead to coating performance 

failures. Although the research encompasses several components of degradation 

characterization, this report will focus only on the weathering effects of the 

topcoats’ camouflage properties (i.e., gloss, color, and infrared [IR] reflectance). 

All of the durability data gathered to date on the coatings’ exposures in Florida, 

Arizona, and in an accelerated ultraviolet (IJV) light chamber will be presented. 

2. Approach 

2.1 Outdoor Weathering 

Two separate geographical locations, Arizona and South Florida, were chosen for 

the natural weathering of the coated panels and free films. The outdoor 

exposures conformed to the requirements set forth in American Society for 

Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards G7 [2] and G147 [3]. Exposure testing 

was performed in Miami, FL (26” N) and New River, AZ (34“ N) in accordance 

with governing standards at a tilt angle of 5” from the horizontal facing south for 

7 and 13 weeks. 

2.2 Accelerated Weathering 

The coating specimens were weathered using accelerated weathering chambers,* 

conforming to the requirements set forth in ASTM G53 [4]. The chambers were 

equipped with I-IV-340 fluorescent LJV lamps emitting a spectral irradiance of 

0.77 W/m* measured at 340 run. An automatic sensor controller kept this 

irradiance level stable throughout the testing. The controller was calibrated after 

every 400 hr of lamp operation. An exposure temperature of 60 “C was 

maintained inside the weathering chambers. The study was conducted 

*Q-Panel Products, 26200 First St., Cleveland, OH 44145. 
following an elapsed time schedule, with the samples exposed to continuous UV 

over the intervals of 3,6, and 12 weeks. 

2.3 Coating Materials 

Table 1 describes the coating systems selected for exposure studies. 

Additionally, some general formulation and substrate information is provided. 

Table 1. Coating systems selected for study. 

3. Experimental 

3.1 Sample Preparation 

After each exposure interval, the samples were rinsed with deionized water and 

allowed to dry before color and gloss measurements were made. During the 

performance testing, all specimens were carefully handled to avoid marring, and 

the operators wore lint free gloves in order to keep coating surfaces clean. 

2 
3.2 Color and IR Reflectance 

The color and IR reflectance measurements were performed using a Chroma 

Sensor 5 spectrophotometei equipped with an &in (diameter) integrating sphere 

and a halogen-tungsten light source. The readings were taken in accordance 

with the requirements as set forth in the military coating specification, MIL-C46168D [5]. The spectrophotometer was calibrated before each series of analyses, 

using the manufacturer’s standard color tile (serial no. [S/N] 2621). 

3.3 Gloss 

Gloss measurements were made in accordance with ASTM D523 [14], using a 

GB 4606 Haze-Gloss Reflectometer.+ The measurements were taken at two 

different angle geometries: 60’ and 85”. The instrument’s performance was 

verified before each series of analyses, using the manufacturer’s reflectometer 

standard gloss tile (S/N 9017715). 

4. Results and Conclusions 

4.1 Outdoor Weathering 

As one would expect, the degradation results for the samples weathered in 

Florida and Arizona do not show similar tendencies. Because the Arizona 

samples are exposed to very little humidity and moisture, degradation is 

primarily the result of UV exposure. However, the South Florida samples are not 

only exposed to UV radiation but also to significant amounts of humidity and 

moisture. These more extreme conditions often alter or accelerate the physical 

and chemical mechanisms that degrade organic coatings. The outdoor exposure 

data have been summarized in Table 2. Reported values are averages of readings 

taken from three separate samples. 

The 7-week Arizona exposure had minimal effect upon the color change of the 

samples. All samples (A-D) showed no more than a 0.4 National Bureau of 

Standards (NBS) color unit difference when compared to their original or 

unexposed readings. The most pronounced change for the exposure period was 

the 60” and 85” gloss for sample C (a 0.4 loss at 60” and a 0.3 increase for 85”). 

For the 13-week Arizona exposures, sample C showed the least amount of color 

change with a delta value of only 0.3. Samples A, B, and D showed a greater 

color change, as indicated by the slightly higher values of’0.6, 0.6, and 0.7, 

*Data Color International, 3537 Beam Rd., Charlotte, NC 28217. 

‘BYK Gardner, 9104 Guilford Rd., Columbia, MD 21046. 
Table 2. Summary of exposure data: delta color (NBS units) and gloss values. 

Notes: NC = no change; ND = no data. 

respectively. The 60” gloss further decreased for sample C to a delta of -0.7. 

A 0.3 unit loss in the 60” gloss is also noted for sample D. 

The South Florida exposures appear to have had the most detrimental effect on 

the color stability of the water-dispersible coating systems (B and D). 

Conversely, even after 13 weeks of South Florida weathering, samples A and C 

showed little change in color. The one significant reversal is the gloss for sample 

C when compared to Arizona. The 60” value at 13 weeks is a -0.36 delta and a 

+0.9 delta for 85”, whereas the Arizona sample had the greatest impact on the 60” 

rather than the 85” values. 

Finally, it should be noted that in all outdoor exposures, the coatings prepared as 

free films provided similar gloss and color differences with regard to the “coated 

systems” despite no pretreatment with an epoxy primer or conversion coating. 

This may assist in acquiring more information about the primer contribution to 

redirecting or reflecting photons back through the topcoat. 

4.2 Accelerated Weathering 

The results of the color and gloss analysis are provided in the appendix. In 

reviewing the tabulated results, it is apparent that of the four coating systems 

evaluated, system A, MIL-C-46168 151 solvent-based polyurethane topcoat, 

shows the most pronounced signs of appearance degradation due to UV 

exposure. After just three weeks of exposure, some of the samples have already 

exceeded the 85” gloss requirement (>3.5 gloss units). Additional appearance 

degradation occurs after six weeks of exposure, as evidenced by the significant 

increase in the brightness (Y) values. The elevated Y values are responsible for 

the color error failures. Again, all of the samples tested during this exposure 

interval exceeded the allowable color change from the initial readings (>2.5 NBS 

units). Another notable performance failure involves the change in the IR ratio 

values. By not meeting this minimum requirement, the near-IR camouflage 

properties of these coatings have been compromised. This degradation trend 
continues for the system A coatings during the 12-week exposure. In alI 

instances, similar, if not greater, performance failures occur in the appearance 

and IR camouflage properties. These weathering characteristics may be related 

to the coatings’ extender pigment content. A full disclosure of the pigment 

composition and volume concentration for alI of the coating systems might 

provide the necessary insight to explain the inferior performance behavior of 

system A. 

5. Future Work 

Future work for this program involves the continued weathering of the coating 

materials. W exposure intervals of 18 and 48 weeks are scheduled, as well as a 

continuance of the Arizona and South Florida natural weathering. The outdoor 

exposure intervals wilI be set at 25,49, and 97 weeks. The test methodologies 

used for the current appearance measurements will not change. However, 

additional data, such as changes in chemical composition, will be incorporated 

and related to the physical property changes of the coatings. Also, spectral 

irradiance values will be reported with each of the exposure (natural and 

accelerated) intervals to establish and quantify energy dosage effects. 

5 

6. References 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory. “Mechanisms of Military Coatings 

Degradation (PI?-1133).” Annual Executive Summary, Aberdeen Proving 

Ground, MD, 31 January 2001. 

American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for 

Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials.” 

ASTM G7, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999. 

American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for 

Conditions and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial 

Weathering Tests.” ASTM G147, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999. 

American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for 

Operating Light and Water Apparatus-Fluorescent Ultraviolet 

(UV)/Condensation Type-for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials.” ASTM 

G53, West Conshohocken, PA, 1991. 

U.S. Department of the Army. Coating, Aliphatic Polyurethane, Chemical Agent 

Resistant. MIL-C-46168, revision D, Washington, DC, May 1987. 

U.S. Department of the Army. Primer, Epoxy Coating, Corrosion Inhibiting, 

Lead and Chromate Free. MIL-P-53022, revision B, Washington, DC, June 1998. 

U.S. Department of the Army. CZeuning Methods for Ferrous Surfaces and 

Pretreutments for Organic Coatings. TT-C-490, revision D, Washington, DC, 

March 1993. 

U.S. Department of the Army. Primer Coating, Epoxy, Water Reducible, Lead 

and Chromate Free. MIL-P-53030, revision A, Washington, DC, August 1992. 

U.S. Department of the Navy. Coating: Polyurethane, High Solids. MIL-C85285, revision C, Washington, DC, April 1997. 

10. U.S. Department of the Navy. Primer Coatings: Epoxy, High SoZids. MIL-P23377, revision G, Washington, DC, September 1999. 

11. U.S. Department of the Navy. Chemical Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and 

Aluminum Alloys. MIL-C-5541, revision E, Washington, DC, November 1990. 

12. Hentzen Coatings, Inc. “Zero-VOC Waterborne, Polyurethane Topcoat.” 

ZVOC TC, Milwaukee, WI, March 1999. 

13. U.S. Department of the Navy. Primer Coatings, Epoxy, Waterborne. 

MIL-P-85582, revision C, Washington, DC, September 1997. 
14. American Society for Testing and Materials. “Tests for Chemical, Physical, 

and Optical Properties; Appearance.” ASTM D523, 1999 Annud Book of 

ASTM Standards, vol. 06.01, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999. 
Appendix. Spreadsheets of Exposure Results 

9 
10 
The following tables provide the color and gloss data measured on coatings 

exposed in an ultraviolet (UV) accelerated weathering chamber over selected 

time intervals. Specification limits are also provided. 

Table A-l. Three-week exposure results. 

Army Testing and Evaluation (07 June 00) 

iample Identification Tristimulus Values Gloss Color Error Infrared Properties 

x3lxi Y3lYi 23lzi 6034 65% NBS3/f IR Avg3/i IR Red% IR Ratio% 

A-Q-0077-A-1 7.1216.88 7.90i7.63 6.9016.58 0.610.8 3.913.5 1.3310.79 45.54145.26 7.64i7.43 5.96l6.09 

A-Q-0077-A-2 7.04l6.84 7.8217.59 6.781653 0.6/0.6 3.613.0 1.2110.71 45.70145.55 7.5817.39 6.0316.16 

A-Q-0077-A-3 6.9916.82 7.77i7.58 6.7016.51 0.610.6 4.113.0 0.9810.68 45.77145.73 7.5317.37 6.0816.20 

B-Q-0075-A-1 6.9616.87 7.84i7.71 6.631659 0.810.8 2.312.1 1.4lll.18 49.42i49.33 7.4117.33 6.6716.73 

B-Q-0075-A-2 6.9216.74 7.81i7.58 6.6016.43 0.710.7 2.111.8 1.51ll.10 49.4914935 7.3717.21 6.7116.85 

B-Q-0075-A-3 6.8516.61 7.7317.45 6.5016.27 0.710.6 1.911.6 1.37l1.10 49.21149.01 7.3ol7.09 65016.92 

C-Q-0069-A-l 33.94l34.06 35.10135.23 45.60145.53 1.612.6 3.913.6 0.331- 

C-Q-0069-A-2 33.87134.02 35.03135.19 45.51145.48 1.812.5 4.413.4 0.34/- 

C-Q-0069-A-3 34.00134.09 35.17135.25 45.68145.57 2.012.4 5.613.4 0.33/- 

D-Q-0074-A-l 35.93136.20 37.17137.40 47.87148.56 2.012.2 4.614.5 0.49/- 

D-Q-0074-A-2 36.22l36.50 37.46137.50 48.28148.92 2.012.2 4.814.6 0.45/- 

D-Q-0074-A-3 36.26136.53 37.49137.73 48.35148.99 2.012.2 4.914.8 0.43/- 

A-Q-0077-N-1 7.1316.88 7.9217.64 6.8616.59 0.610.6 3.512.9 1.2410.81 45.56145.41 7.6817.44 5.93l6.10 

A-Q-0077-N-2 7.1616.83 7.9617.58 6.8816.51 0.610.6 3.2l3.0 1.2710.67 45.68145.31 7.7217.39 5.9116.13 

&Q-0075-N-1 7.0516.74 7.9417.57 6.7816.46 0.710.7 2.011.6 1.62l1.09 49.09148.76 7.5Ol7.21 6.5516.76 

E3-Q-0075-N-2 7.0316.69 7.91ff.51 6.7616.40 0.710.7 1.911.4 1.54lO.99 49.29148.98 7.47l7.16 6.5916.84 

C-Q-0069-N-l 33.77133.80 34.93134.96 45.35145.21 1.612.1 3.913.1 0.24/- 

GQ-0089-N-2 33.9613396 35.12l35.12 4564145.41 1.812.3 4.413.6 0.31/- 

D-Q-0074-N-l 3644136.68 37.68137.88 48.54149.17 2.012.0 4.814.4 0.45/- 

D-Q-0074-N-2 36.3013654 37.54137.74 48.37149.0 1.812.1 4.614.5 0.45/- 

A-Q-0077-M-1 6.9616.78 7.7417.53 6.6616.46 0.610.7 2.812.8 0.9110.59 45.76145.55 7.5117.34 6.0916.21 

B-Q-0075-M-l 6.9616.70 7.8417.53 6.6716.40 0.710.7 1.911.5 1.4811.05 49.08l48.80 7.42l718 6.6116.80 

GQ-0069-M-1 33.73l33.80 34.88134.96 4534145.20 1.612.2 4.013.3 0.32/- 

D-Q-0074-M-l 36.07l36.11 37.29137.30 48.07148.42 1.912.0 4.414.2 0.39/- 

A-Q-0076-M-6TOP 7.02l6.86 7.817.62 6.6516.51 0.610.6 3.412.3 0.8910.64 46.04l45.51 7.6017.45 6.0616.11 

A-Q-0076-M-6BOT 7.0116.62 7.791736 6.6316.25 0.710.8 3.812.3 0.8510.24 42.78144.23 7.59I7.20 5X416.14 

B-Q-0076-M-6TOP 6.5616.25 7.37ff.01 6.0915.78 0.710.6 1.912.3 0.7410.79 46.86145.45 7.0816.80 6.6216.83 

B-Q-0076-MbBOT 6.6316.62 7.46l7.03 6.2115.83 0.710.6 2.312.2 0.8910.82 46.15l45.51 7.12l6.79 6.4816.71 

C-Q-0076-M-6TOP 32.90132.86 34.04l34.01 44.02I43.74 1.310.6 2.812.3 0.31/- 

GQ-0076-M-6BOT 34.03l33.78 35.20134.95 45.65145.02 I MO.6 3.112.2 0.46/- 

D-Q-0076-M-6TOP 35.38f35.34 36.59136.50 47.17147.40 1.610.6 2.Z2.3 0.40/- 

D-Q-0076-M-6BOT 35.50135.55 36.69136.72 47.28147.61 1.810.6 3.412.4 0.34/- 

Specification Reauirements for Green 383 Camouflaae Toncoats:’ 

* Samples Beginning with the Letters A or B 

60 Gloss: 1.0 (Max) 85 Gloss: 3.5 (Max) 

Gloss- Allowable Chanae: 0.5 Unit Increase From Initial Reading 

Color Error- Allowable Chanae: 2.5 NBS Units From Initial Color Reading and 

Within 2.5 NBS Units From Center of the Color Ellipse 

Visual(Y) Ranae: 6.30 - 8.30 

IR AVG: 60.0 (Maximum) 

IR Ratio: 5.2 (Minimum) 

11 
Sample ldentificatior 

A-Q-0077-A-4 

A-Q-0077-A-5 

A-Q-0077-A-6 

B-Q-0075-A-4 

B-Q-0075-A-5 

B-Q-0075-A-6 

C-Q-0069-A-4 

C-Q-0069-A-5 

C-Q-0069A-6 

D-Q-0074-A-4 

D-Q-0074-A-5 

D-Q-0074-A-6 

1 Tristimulus Values Gloss 

X6IXi Y6Ni Z6iZi 606/i 856/i 

8.7516.88 9.6117.65 8.9216.58 0.610.6 3.z3.1 

8.7916.85 9.6617.62 8.9216.51 0.610.6 2.612.8 

8.4316.85 9.2717.61 8.441652 0.6/0.6 2.412.5 

6.9Ol6.67 7.79i7.51 6.5816.34 0.710.7 2.011.8 

6.9116.69 7.8017.52 6.6016.36 0.710.7 2.011.7 

6.9616.71 7.8517.55 6.6516.39 0.710.7 2.011.8 

14.2Ol34.12 35.36135.28 45.94145.64 1512.4 3.413.5 

14.21l34.15 35.37135.32 45.93145.65 1.512.5 3.513.6 

14.01i34.03 35.17135.20 45.70145.54 1.512.3 3.413.4 

16.18136.72 37.42137.93 48.28l49.25 1.812.2 4.814.8 

16.19136.65 37.42i37.85 48.28l49.1E 1.812.2 4.814.7 

16.07136.59 37.30137.79 48.12i49.0E 1.712.1 4.514.5 

Table A-2. Six-week exposure results. 

Army Testing and Evaluation (30 June 00) 

A-Q-0077-N-3 1 8.4716.82 9.3117.58 8.4916.5 1 0.610.6 2.712.3 

A-Q-0077-N-4 8.6916.83 9.5417.59 8.7516.51 0.610.6 2.612.8 

B-Q-0075-N-3 6.9816.77 7.8717.61 6.6816.47 0.810.7 2.z1.9 

B-Q-0075-N-4 7.0116.73 7.88n.55 6.7416.45 0.710.7 1.8/l .5 

C-Q-0069-N-3 33.96133.97 35.11135.13 45.63145.43 1.512.2 3.713.5 

C-Q-0069-N-4 34.01133.97 35.16135.13 45.67145.42 1.512.2 3.513.6 

D-Q-0074-N-3 35.77136.25 37.00137.44 47.73148.60 .1.7/2.0 4.414.4 

dolor Errol 

- 

NEXT/i 

4.44lO.79 

4.4310.65 

3.7210.67 

1.51/1.09 

1.5210.98 

1.5311.09 

0.26/-- 

0.271-- 

0.25/-- 

0.581~- 

0.53/-- 

0.58/-- 

3.7910.65 

1 4.1810.66 

1.55U.12 

1.46/1.01 

0.28/-- 

0.27/-- 

0.53/-- 

D-Q-0074-N-4 (35.76136.23 36.99137.42 47.68148.581 1.712.0 4.414.4 1 0.55/- 

A-Q-0077-M-2 

B-Q-0075-M-2 

C-Q-0069-M-2 

D-Q-0074-M-2 

A-Q-0076M-7TOF 

A-Q-0076M-7B07 

B-Q-0076M-7TOF 

B-Q-0076M-7BOT 

C-Q-007&M-7TOF 

C-Q-007&M-7BOl 

D-Q-0076M-7TOF 

D-Q-0076-M-7BOl 

1 8.W6.79 9.06l7.54 8.2416.48 0.610.7 

6.9616.67 7.851?.50 6.6616.36 0.710.7 

~34.24133.88 35.40135.05 45.95145.30 1.412.2 

36.03136.41 37.27137.60 48.07148.81 1.712.0 

8.6516.87 9.5017.62 8.6Ol6.50 0.510.6 

8.1216.79 8.94ff.54 7.9716.44 0.5lO.6 

6.5816.26 7.41i7.02 6.1115.78 0.410.6 

6.7116.37 7.55I7.14 6.3015.95 0.410.6 

32.99132.72 34.12133.86 44.2414368 1.210.6 

35.35133.45 36.53134.61 47.41144.59 1.210.6 

3534135.44 36.55136.61 47.17147.55 1.410.6 

35.13135.37 36.33136.53 46.90147.38 1.610.6 

2.913.0 

1.811.5 

3.213.2 

4.w4.4 

0.912.4 

1.2l2.3 

0.512.2 

1.012.2 

0.912.4 

1.812.4 

1.712.3 

4.312.6 

Infrared Properties 

IR Avg6h IR RedG/ IR RatioG 

46.43145.73 9.2217.44 5.0416.15 

46.71145.84 9.2917.42 5.0316.18 

46.2914564 8.94i7.41 5.5116.16 

48.74148.60 73417.14 6.6416.81 

49.12f49.02 7.3517.16 6.68l6.85 

48.88148.79 7.4017.18 6.6116.79 

46.18145.36 8.9817.38 5.1416.14 

46.26145.38 9.2117.39 5.0316.14 

48.65148.15 7.4217.24 6.5616.70 

49.2814922 7.44l7.20 6.6216.84 

3.4210.64 146.31145.53 8.7Z7.34 5.3116.20 

1.54l1.03 

0.40/-- 

0.47/- 

3.9710.63 

3.0110.53 

0.9zo.78 

0.9610.61 

0.371- 

I .a~-- 

0.351- 

0.32lSpecification Requirements for Green 383 Camouflaqe Topcoat: 

49.05148.81 7.4117.15 6.6216.83 

46.57145.44 9.2317.47 5.0516.08 

45.69144.69 8.6917.38 5.2616.06 

47.07146.84 7.12l6.80 6.6116.88 

45196145.47 7.2116.90 6.3616.59 

l Samples Beginning with the Letters A or B 

60 Gloss: 1.0 (Max) a5 Gloss: 3S(Max) 

Gloss- Allowable Chanqe: 0.5 Unit Increase From Initial Reading 

Color Error- Allowable Chanqe: 2.5 NBS Units From Initial Color Reading and 

Within 2.5 NBS Units From Center of the Color Ellipse 

Visual(Y) Ranqe: 6.30 - 8.30 

IR AVG: 60.0 (Maximum) 

IR Ratio: 5.2 (Minimum) 

12 
Table A-3. 12-week exposure results. 

Army Testing and Evaluation (16 Aug 00) 

Sample ldentificatiol 

A-Q-0077-A-7 

A-Q-0077-A-8 

A-Q-0077-A-9 

B-Q-0075-A-7 

B-Q-0075-A-8 

B-Q-0075-A-9 

C-Q-0089-A-7 

C-Q-0084A-8 

CQ-0089-A-9 

D-Q-0074-A-7 

D-Q-0074-A-8 

D-Q-0074-A-9 

~ 

7.0518.74 7.9&57 617516142 

7.0316.75 7.9417.59 6.726.44 

35.00133.85 36.17i35.01 46.74145.28 

34.42l34.08 35.59135.25 46.00145.57 

34.39134.13 35.55135.30 45.9514554 

36.25136.85 37.49138.06 48.26149.42 

36.06136.65 37.30137.85 48.03149.16 

36.15136.74 37.39137.95 48.14149.27 

60124 8512/i 

0.610.6 2.612.9 

0.610.6 2.512.9 

0.610.6 2613.0 

0.810.7 2.111.8 

0.710.7 2.011.7 

0.710.7 2.011.8 

1.412.3 3.313.4 

1.412.3 3.413.5 

1.712.4 3.813.7 

1.612.1 4.714.7 

1.612.1 4.614.8 

1.612.1 4.514.6 

:olor Errol 

- 

NBSIZ 

5.9610.68 

5.9010.74 

5.9410.73 

1.64/1.10 

1.64lO.99 

1.70/1.10 

l.lOl0.32/- 

0.25/- 

0.70/- 

0.69/- 

0.68lA-Q-0077-N-5 6.7016.82 11.3017.58 10.3816.49 0.610.6 2.412.8 6.7010.62 

A-Q-0077-N-6 10.5316.82 11.47i7.58 10.54l6.50 0.610.6 2.712.8 8.9510.65 

B-Q-0075-N-5 7.0516.71 7.9517.54 6.7716.43 0.710.7 1.911.6 1.6811.09 

B-Q-0075-N-6 7.0716.75 7.96I7.57 6.8016.48 0.710.7 1.911.5 1.63l1.04 

C-Q-0069-N-5 34.50133.88 35.67135.04 46.14145.31 1.412.2 3.513.5 0.59/- 

C-Q-0069N-6 34.40134.05 35.57135.21 45.99145.48 1.412.2 3.413.3 0.34/- 

O-Q-0074-N-5 36.02l36.66 37.25137.86 47.96149.16 1.612.0 4.414.4 0.72lD-Q-0074-N-6 36.10136.72 3734137.92 48.07149.23 1.612.0 4.314.4 0.70/- 

A-Q-0077-M-3 10.28i6.8 11.2317.56 lO.Oll6.49 0.610.6 1.712.5 6.4010.65 

B-Q-0075-M-3 7.02l6.70 7.9217.53 65416.38 0.610.7 I .8/1.7 1.62I1.00 

GQ-0069-M-3 35.44l34.00 36.61135.16 47.W45.46 1.412.4 3.413.6 1.38/- 

D-Q-0074-M-3 35.79136.35 37.02l37.54 47.67148.74 1.612.0 4.414.4 0.65lA-Q-0076-M-8TOP 11.5516.83 12.54i7.59 11.4216.45 0.610.6 I .012.4 8.4310.53 

A-Q-0076-M-8BOT 11.3016.74 12.27l7.48 11 .W6.37 0.610.6 1.012.4 8.0710.42 

B-Q-0078-M-8TOP 6.7416.35 7.5817.12 6.2515.87 0.510.6 0.712.3 0.94lO.68 

B-Q-0076-M-8BOT 6.6716.22 7.5216.98 6.2315.78 0.610.6 0.812.4 1.0610.83 

GQ-0076-M-8TOP 34.55132.78 35.71133.93 45.98143.69 1.110.6 1.Z2.2 1.70/- 

GQ-0076-M-8BOT 40.40133.56 41.68134.72 53.57144.73 1.310.6 1.212.3 6.37/- 

D-Q-0076-M-8TOP 35.4713564 36.69136.81 47.28147.79 1.410.6 2.912.4 0.42/- 

D-Q-0076-M-8BOT 3550135.49 36.72136.66 47.27147.58 1.410.6 2.612.5 0.44/- 

I 

Infrared Properties 

IR AvgIZ IR RedlZ IR Ratio72 

47.75145.47 10.82l7.37 4.4116.17 

47.46145.46 10.65I7.41 4.4516.14 

47.59145.65 10.7Oi7.44 4.4516.14 

49.19148.96 7.5017.22 6.5616.78 

48.32I49.00 7.48l7.20 6.5916.81 

49.24148.89 7.4817.22 6.5916.77 

4754145.44 11.05l7.38 4.3016.16 

47.66145.41 11.2317.38 4.2416.15 

49.50149.29 7.4917.18 6.6116.86 

49.52149.21 7.5017.22 6.6016.82 

47.98145.40 11.08l7.36 43316.17 

48.80148.38 7.4617.18 65416.74 

49.09145.50 12.4117.43 3.9516.12 

48.08144.70 12.13i7.33 3.9616.10 

47.67146.95 7.2516.91 6.5816.79 

46.31145.46 7.1516.74 6.4716.74 

Suecification Reauirements for Green 383 Camouflaae loucoats:’ 

* Samples Beginning with the Letters A or B 

60 Gloss: 1 .O (Max) 85 Gloss: 3.5 (Max) 

Gloss- Allowable Chanae: 0.5 Unit Increase From Initial Reading 

Color Error- Allowable Chanae: 2.5 NBS Units From Initial Color Reading and 

Within 2.5 NBS Units From Center of the Color Ellipse 

Visual(Y) Ranae: 6.30 - 8.30 

IR AVG: 60.0 (Maximum) 

IR Ratio: 5.2 (Minimum) 

13 
14 
NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

2 DEFENSE TECHNICAL 

INFORMATION CENTER 

DTIC OCA 

8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD 

STE 0944 

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DAMOFDT 

400 ARMY PENTAGON 

WASHINGTON DC 203104460 

1 OSD 

OUSD(A&T)/ODDRc?E(R) 

DRRJTREW 

3800 DEFENSE PENTAGON 

WASHINGTON DC 203013800 

1 COMMANDING GENERAL 

US ARMY MATERIEL CMD 

AMCRDA TF 

5001 EISENHOWER AVE 

ALEXANDRIA VA 22333-0001 

1 INST FOR ADVNCD TCHNLGY 

THE UN-IV OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 

3925 W BRAKER LN STE 400 

AUSTIN TX 78759-5316 

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MATH SC1 CTR EXCELLENCE 

MADN MATH 

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AMSRL D 

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1 DIRECTOR 

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3 DIRECTOR 

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2 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

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E BARER 

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US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR TD 

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AMSTA AR CC 

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1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR CCH P 

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US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR FSF T 

C LIVECCHIA 

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07806-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

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07806-5000 

16 
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NO. OF 

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1 COMMANDER 9 

US ARMY ARDEC 

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07806-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR M 

D DEMELLA 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

3 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 6 

AMSTA AR FSA 

A WARNASH 

BMACHAK 

M CHIEFA 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

2 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR FSP G 

MSCHIKSNIS 

D CARLUCCI 1 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR FSP A 

P KISATSKY 1 

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07806-5000 

2 COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR CCH C 

HCHANIN 1 

s CHICO 

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07806-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR CCH B 

P DONADIA 

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P VALENTI 

C KNUTSON 

G EUSTICE 

S PATEL 

G WAGNECZ 

R SAYER 

F CHANGE 

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07806-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR CCL 

F PUZYCKI 

R MCHUGH 

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E JAROSZEWSKI 

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M CLUNE 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

078066000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR QAC T 

D RIGOGLIOSO 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

AMSTA AR WEA 

JBRESCIA 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

078066000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDECSRE 

AMSTA AR SRE 

DYEE 

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07806-5000 --. 

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M GUERRIERE 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

11 PROJECT MANAGER 

TANK MAIN 

ARMAMENT SYSTEMS 

SFAE GSSC TMA 

R MORRIS 

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E KOPACZ 

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R MCDANOLDS 

L D ULISSE 

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07806-5000 

2 PEO FIELD ARTILLERY SYSTEMS 

SFAE FAS PM 

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PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

6 PM SADARM 

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S HROWNAK 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

NO. OF 

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1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY ARDEC 

PRODUCTION BASE 

MODERN ACIY 

AMSMC PBM K 

PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ 

07806-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

PM ABRAMS 

SFAE ASM AB 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

FM BFVS 

SFAE ASM BV 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

PM AFAS 

SFAE ASM AF 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

PM SURV SYS 

SFAE ASM SS 

T DEAN 

SFAE GCSS W GSI M 

DCOCHRAN 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

PM RDT&E 

SFAE GCSS W AB 

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18 
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1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

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PM BFVS 

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1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

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AMSTA TR S 

A J MIOLLS MS 209 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

CHIEF ABRAMS TESTING 

SFAE GCSS W AB QT 

T JGWXIEWICZ 

6501 ELEVEN MILE RD 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

AMSTA SF 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

1 COMMANDER 

SMCWV QAE Q 

B VANINA 

BLDG 44 

WATERVLIET ARSENAL 

WATERVLIET NY 121894050 

5 COMMANDER 

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AMSTA TR R 

J CHAPIN 

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NO. OF 

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COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

AMSTA JSK 

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COMMANDER 

US ARMY TACOM 

AMSTA TR D 

D OSTBERG 

L HINOJOSA 

BRAru 

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COMMANDER 

AMSTA CS SF 

HHUTCHINSON 

F SCHWARZ 

WARREN MI 48397-5000 

COMMANDER 

WATERVLIET ARSENAL * 

SM CWV SPM 

T MCCLOSKEY 

BLDG 253 

WATERVLIET NY 121894050 

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S SOPOK 

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NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

2 TSM ABRAMS 

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FT KNOX KY 40121 

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AMSIO SMT 

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US ARMY AMSOM 

SFAE AV RAM TV 

D CALDWELL 

BLDG 5300 

REDSTONE ARSENAL AL 

35898 

1 DIRECTOR 

US ARMY TACOM 

SFAEAVRAMTV 

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BLDG 5300 

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35898 

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I’ DU’ITA 

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HANOVER NH 03755 

1 US ARMY CERL 

R LAMP0 

2902 NEWMARK DR 

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D LETTER 

M HOLTUS 

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220 SEVENTH STREET NE 

CHARLOTTESVILLE VA 22091 

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SOLDIER SYS Cl-R 

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KANSAS ST 

NATICK MA 01760-5019 

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SYS Cl-R 

MARINE CORE TEAM 

J MACKIEWICZ 

KANSAS ST 

NATICK MA 01760-5019 

1 US ARMY SBCCOM SOLDIER 

SYS Cl-R 

BUS AREA ADVOCACY TEAM 

W HASKELL 

KANSAS ST 

NATICK MA 01760-5019 

3 US ARMY SBCCOM SOLDIER 

SYS CTR 

SSCNC WST 

W NYKVIST 

T MERRILL 

S BEAUDOIN 

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20 
NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

SYSTEM MANAGER ABRAMS 

ATZKTSLTC JHNUNN 

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A CROWSON 

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H EVERETT 

J PRATER 

R SINGLETON 

G ANDERSON 

D STEl’l’ 

D KISEROW 

J-G 

PO BOX 12211 

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC 

27709-2211 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

DAHLGREN DIV CODE GO6 

DAHLGREN VA 22448 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

TECH LIB CODE 323 

DAHLGREN VA 22448 

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB 

I WOLOCK CODE 6383 

R BADALIANCE CODE 6304 

L GAUSE 

WASHINGTON DC 20375 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

CRANE DIVISION 

M JOHNSON CODE 2OH4 

LOUISVILLE KY 402145245 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE Cl-R 

CARDEROCK DMSION 

R PETERSON CODE 2020 

BETHESDA MD 20084 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

CARDEROCK DIVISION 

M CRITCHFJ.ELD CODE 1730 

BETHESDA MD 20084 

NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

USORATHIA 

C WILLIAMS CD 6551 

9500 MACARTHUR BLVD 

WEST BETHESDA MD 20817 

DAVID TAYLOR RESEARCH CTR 

R ROCKWELL 

W PHYILLAIER 

BETHESDA MD 20054-5000 

OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH 

D SIEGEL CODE 351 

800 N QUINCY ST 

ARLINGTON VA 22217-5660 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

D WILSON CODE G32 

R D COOPER CODE G32 

DAHLGREN VA 22448 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE C-i-R 

J FRANCIS CODE G30 

DAHLGREN VA 22448 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

J FRAYSSE CODE G33 

E ROWE CODE G33 

T DURAN CODE G33 

L DE SIMONE CODE G33 

R HUBBARD CODE G33 

DAHLGREN VA 22448 

NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS CMD 

D LIESE 

2531 JEFFERSON DAVIS HWY 

ARLINGTON VA 222426160 

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE 

M LACY CODE B02 

17320 DAHLGREN RD 

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OFFICE OF NAVAL RES 

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800 NORTH QUINCY ST 

ARLINGTON VA 22217-5000 

21 
NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

1 NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE Cl-R 

CARDEROCK DIVISION 

R CRANE CODE 2802 

3A LEGGETT CIR 

BETHESDA MD 20054-5000 

1 NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CTR 

CARDEROCK DIVISION 

C WILLIAMS CODE 6553 

3A LEGGETT CIR 

BETHESDA MD 200545000 

1 EXPEDITIONARY WARFARE 

DIV N85 

F SHOUP 

2000 NAVY PENTAGON 

WASHINGTON DC 20350-2000 

1 AFRL MLBC 

2941 I’ STREET RM 136 

WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH 

45433-7750 

1 ARFL MLSS 

R THOMSON 

2179 12TH ST RM 122 

WRIGHT PA’I-IERSON AFB OH 

45433-7718 

2 AFRL 

F ABRAMS 

J BROWN 

BLDG 653 

2977 I’ STREET STE 6553 

WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH 

45433-7739 

1 AFRL MLS OL 

L COULTER 

BLDG 100 BAY D 

7278 4TH STREET 

HILL AFB UT 84056-5205 

1 OSD 

JOINT CCD TEST FORCE 

OSD JCCD R WILLIAMS 

3909 HALLS FERRY RD 

VICKSBURG MS 29180-6199 

NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY 

INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS DIV 

6801 TELEGRAPH RD 

ALEXANDRIA VA 22310-3398 

WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT 

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3909 HALLS FERRY RD SC C 

VICKSBURG MS 39180 

DARPA 

M VANFOSSEN 

SWAX 

L CHRISTODOULOU 

3701 N FAIRFAX DR 

ARLINGTON VA 22203-1714 

SERDP PROGRAM OFC PM P2 

C PELLERIN 

BSMITH 

901 N STUART ST SUITE 303 

ARLINGTON VA 22203 

FAA 

MIL HDBK 17 CHAIR 

L ILCEWICZ 

1601 LIND AVE SW 

ANM 115N 

RESTON VA 98055 

FAA TECH CENTER 

D OPLINGER AAR 431 

ATLANTIC CITY NJ 08405 

OFC OF ENVIRONMENTAL MGMT 

U S DEPT OF ENERGY 

P RITZCOVAN 

19901 GERMANTOWN RD 

GERMANTOWN MD 208741928 

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MS B216 

PO BOX 1633 

LOS ALAMOS NM 87545 

22 
NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

3 DIRECTOR 

LLNL 

R CHRISTENSEN 

S DETERESA 

F MAGNESS 

PO BOX 808 

LIVERMORE CA 94550 

1 DIRECTOR 

LLNL 

M FINGER MS 313 

PO BOX 808 

LIVERMORE CA 94550 

1 DIRECTOR 

LLNL 

M MURPHY L282 

PO BOX 808 

LIVERMORE CA 94550 

3 DIRECTOR 

SANDIA NATL LABS 

APPLIED MECHANICS DEPT 

J HANDROCK 

YRKAN 

J LAUFFER 

PO BOX 969 

MS 9042 

LIVERMORE CA 94550-0096 

3 NASA LANGLEY RSCH CTR 

AMSRL VS 

W ELBER 

F BARTLETT JR 

G FARLEY 

MS 266 

HAMPTON VA 23681-0001 

1 NASA LANGLEY RSCH CTR 

T GATES MS 188E 

HAMPTON VA 236613400 

1 USDOT FEDERAL RAILROAD 

RDV 31 M FATEH 

WASHINGTON DC 20590 

NO. OF 

COPIES ORGANIZATION 

1 CENTRAL INTLLGNC AGENCY 

OTI WDAG GT 

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PO BOX 1925 

WASHINGTON DC 20590 

1 MARINE CORPS INTEL AC’IY 

D KOSITZKE 

3300 RUSSELL RD STE 250 

QUANTICO VA 221345011 

1 USA SBCCOM PM SOLDIER SPT 

AMSSB PM RSS A 

J CONNORS 

KANSAS ST 

NATICK,MA 01760-5057 

3 BALLISTICS TEAM 

AMSSB RIP 

P CUNNIFF 

J SONG 

w ZUKAS 

KANSAS ST 

NATICK MA 01760-5057 

2 MATERIALSCIENCETEAM 

AMSSB RSS 

J HERBERT 

M SENNE’IT 

KANSAS ST 

NATICK MA 017603057 

1 FHWA 

E MUNLEY 

6300 GEORGETOWN PIKE 

MCLEAN VA 22101 

23 
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I. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 

February 2002 Interim, 1 May 2000-30 September 2000 

1. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS, 

Mechanisms of Military Coatings Degradation: Color and Gloss Performance ~~-1133 

Evaluation 

5. AUTHOR(S) 

William S. Lum, Philip A. Patterson, and John A. Escarsega 

7. PERFORMING ORGANlZATlON NAME(S) AND ADDRESS 

U.S. Army Research Laboratory 

AT-IN: AMSRL-WM-MA 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 210054069 

8. PERFORMING ORGANKATION 

REPORT NUMBER 

ARL-TR-2670 

3. SPONSORlNGfMONlTORlNG AGENCY NAMES(S) AND ADDRESS 10.SPONSORINGIMONITORlNG 

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program 

901 North Smart St., Suite 303 

Arlington, VA 22203 

Il. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 

IZa. DISTRIBUTION/AVAlLABlLlTY STATEMENT 

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 

13. ABSTRACT(Maximum 200 words) 

The Weapons and Materials Research Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory is leading a research study 

3n military coatings degradation. The goal of this project is to provide detailed analysis of coating system failure 

nechanisms and where possible provide predictive capability to enable service life estimates for these systems. This 

interim report focuses on some of the initial durability data gathered on the coatings’ exposures in Florida, Arizona, and 

in an accelerated ultraviolet light chamber. The changes occurring in the topcoats’ camouflage properties (i.e., gloss, 

:olor, and infked reflectance) due to these weathering effects are tabulated and discussed. 

14. SUBJECT TERMS 

:oatings, weathering, color, gloss, degradation 

15. NUMBER OF PAGES 

25 

16. PRICE CODE 

17. SECURlPl CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 

OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT 

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL 

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25 

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