Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EP

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1pgm.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1/memoranda/rh_envcurhr_gd.pdf

Tables of natural visibility conditions from EPA September 2003 Guidance

Note: A few Class I areas were added or moved so that all the tables have the same entries.

Notes on Appendix B

bext is computed from IMPROVE equation and annual average concentrations, Table 2-1;

 Ann. Avg. dv is computed from bext: dv = 10*ln(bext/10);

Average of Best and Worst 20% of days are estimated as the 10th and 90th percentile (distribution of daily values is about Normal)

 Best and Worst Days dv is Annual +/- 1.28 standard deviations (s.d. is 2 dv for West, 3 dv for East)]

 dv_B = dv_A - 1.28sd ; b_B = 10exp((dv_A - 1.28sd)/10) = 10exp(dv_A/10)*exp(-0.128sd) = b_A*exp(-0.128sd)

 dv_W = dv_A + 1.28sd ; b_W = b_A*exp(0.128sd)

EPA September 2003 guidance on natural visibility conditions defines concentrations east and west for annual average, 

 and extinction and deciviews for each area for annual average, best 20% of days and worst 20% of days.

 However, it does not define concentrations for best and worst 20% of days, needed for CALPOST visibility method 2 or 6.

 The 'B20_W20_concs' sheet estimates these by scaling the annual concentrations

 by each area's ratio of the best (or worst) extinction to the annual extinction.

b_A = 10 + Sum{ f_i * E_i * CA_i } IMPROVE equation sum over species i, using f(RH), Exinction efficiency, and C

b_B = 10 + Sum{ f_i * E_i * CB_i }

Assuming B20 Concentration CB is in the same proportion to annual concentration CA for all species,

CB_i / CA_i = (b_B - 10) / (b_A - 10) This ratio is the basis for estimating the B20 (or W20) concentrations CB, fro

old IMPROVE equation, IWAQM 1998 equation, and CALPOST default extinction calculation

bext = 3 * f(RH) * [(NH4)2SO4] + 3 * f(RH) * [NH4NO3] + 4 * [OC] + 1 * [Soil Mass] + 0.6 * [Coarse Mass] + 10 * [EC] + bR

Instead of modeling OC etc. separately, may model total PM, and use mass-weighted average of species' extinction efficiencie

 OC = 1.4 * measured C
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-454/B-03-005, September 2003

same entries.

of daily values is about Normal)

A*exp(-0.128sd)

and west for annual average, 

rst 20% of days.

ALPOST visibility method 2 or 6.

ng f(RH), Exinction efficiency, and Concentration

tion CA for all species,

B20 (or W20) concentrations CB, from annual CA.

6 * [Coarse Mass] + 10 * [EC] + bRay

rage of species' extinction efficiencies (to fit source spec'n profile)
Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EP

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1pgm.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1/memoranda/rh_envcurhr_gd.pdf

Error 

Factor

Dry 

Extinction 

Efficiency 

(m2/g)

West (μg/m3) East (μg/m3)

Ammonium sulfate (b) 0.12 0.23 2 3

Ammonium nitrate 0.1 0.1 2 3

Organic carbon mass (c) 0.47 1.4 2 4

Elemental carbon 0.02 0.02 2-3 10

Soil 0.5 0.5 11⁄2 - 2 1

Coarse Mass 3 3 11⁄2 - 2 0.6

a: After Trijonis, see footnote 12

Trijonis, J.C., NAPAP State of Science & Technology, Vol. III, 1990.

c: Values adjusted to represent chemical species in current IMPROVE light extinction 

algorithm; Trijonis estimates were 0.5 μg/m3 and 1.5 μg/m3 of organic compounds.

Average Natural 

Concentration

Table 2-1 Average Natural Levels of Aerosol Components (a)

b: Values adjusted to represent chemical species in current IMPROVE light extinction 

algorithm; Trijonis estimates were 0.1 μg/m3 and 0.2 μg/m3 of ammonium bisulfate.
ule, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-454/B-03-005, September 2003

changed to reflect new IMPROVE equation

Error 

Factor

Dry 

Extinction 

Efficiency 

(m2/g)

Dry 

Extinction 

Efficiency 

(m2/g)

West (μg/m3) East (μg/m3)

small 

particles large particles

Ammonium sulfate (b) 0.12 0.23 2 2.2 4.8

Ammonium nitrate 0.1 0.1 2 2.4 5.1

Organic carbon mass (c) 0.60 1.8 2 2.8 6.1

Elemental carbon 0.02 0.02 2-3 10 10

Soil 0.5 0.5 11⁄2 - 2 1 1

Coarse Mass 3 3 11⁄2 - 2 0.6 0.6

Table 2-1 Average Natural Levels of Aerosol Components (a)

Average Natural 

Concentration
Sort by name for lookup table

WRONG: also need f(RH) fo

component West (μg/m3) East (μg/m3) extinction efficiency b west

Ammonium nitrate 0.1 0.1 3 15.56

Ammonium sulfate 0.12 0.23 3

Coarse Mass 3 3 0.6

Elemental carbon 0.02 0.02 10

Organic carbon mass 0.6 1.8 4

Soil 0.5 0.5 1
WRONG: also need f(RH) for sulfate and nitrate

b east dv west dv east

20.69 4.421184 7.270654
Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Program, EPA-454/B-03-005. Se

 Note: to match list in App. B, added Rainbow Lake, and Zion with pointer to Table A-3

Table A-2 Recommended Monthly Site-Specific f(RH) Values for Each Mandatory Federal Class I Area,

Based on the Representative IMPROVE Site Location

abbr Class I Area Site Name Map ID Code

Site 

St LAT LONG

Jan 

f(RH)

acad Acadia Acadia 1 ACAD1 ME 44.38 -68.37 3.2

agti Agua Tibia Agua Tibia 100 AGTI1 CA 33.38 -116.87 2.4

alla Alpine Lakes Snoqualmie Pass 80 SNPA1 WA 47.38 -121.37 5.3

anac Anaconda - Pintler Sula 71 SULA1 MT 45.88 -114.12 3.4

anad Ansel Adams Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.13 -119.12 3.0

arch Arches Canyonlands 50 CANY1 UT 38.38 -109.87 2.6

badl Badlands Badlands 59 BADL1 SD 43.63 -101.87 2.8

band Bandelier Bandelier 33 BAND1 NM 35.88 -106.37 2.3

bese Bering Sea (a) AK

bibe Big Bend Big Bend 31 BIBE1 TX 29.38 -103.12 1.8

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 37.63 -107.87 2.5

boma Bob Marshall Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.13 -113.12 3.3

bosq Bosque del Apache Bosque del Apache 38 BOAP1 NM 33.88 -106.87 2.2

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area Boundary Waters 23 BOWA1 MN 47.88 -91.62 2.9

bret Breton Breton 20 BRET1 LA 29.13 -89.12 3.5

brid Bridger Bridger 65 BRID1 WY 42.88 -109.87 2.5

brig Brigantine Brigantine 5 BRIG1 NJ 39.38 -74.37 2.9

brca Bryce Canyon Bryce Canyon 49 BRCA1 UT 37.63 -112.12 2.6

camo Cabinet Mountains Cabinet Mountains 75 CABI1 MT 47.88 -115.62 3.7

cacr Caney Creek Caney Creek 29 CACR1 AR 34.38 -94.12 3.3

cany Canyonlands Canyonlands 50 CANY1 UT 38.38 -109.87 2.6

cape Cape Romain Cape Romain 15 ROMA1 SC 32.88 -79.62 3.2

care Capitol Reef Capitol Reef 52 CAPI1 UT 38.38 -111.37 2.7

cari Caribou Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.63 -121.62 3.7

cave Carlsbad Caverns Guadalupe Mountains 32 GUMO1 TX 31.88 -104.87 2.4

chas Chassahowitzka Chassahowitzka 18 CHAS1 FL 28.63 -82.62 3.5

chir Chiricahua NM Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 32.13 -109.37 2.0

chir Chiricahua W Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 32.13 -109.37 2.0

cohu Cohutta Cohutta 12 COHU1 GA 34.88 -84.62 3.4

crla Crater Lake Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.88 -122.12 4.6

crmo Craters of the Moon Craters of the Moon 69 CRMO1 ID 43.38 -113.62 3.1

cuca Cucamonga San Gabriel 93 SAGA1 CA 34.38 -118.12 2.6

dena Denali Denali 102 DENA1 AK 63.75 -148.75 2.5

deso Desolation Bliss 95 BLIS1 CA 38.88 -120.12 3.2

dipe Diamond Peak Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.88 -122.12 4.6

doso Dolly Sods Dolly Sods 8 DOSO1 WV 39.13 -79.37 3.0

dola Dome Land Dome Land 109 DOME1 CA 35.63 -118.12 2.6

eaca Eagle Cap Starkey 76 STAR1 OR 45.13 -118.62 4.3

eane Eagles Nest White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.13 -106.87 2.2

emig Emigrant Yosemite 96 YOSE1 CA 37.63 -119.62 3.0

ever Everglades Everglades 19 EVER1 FL 25.38 -80.62 2.6

fitz Fitzpatrick Bridger 65 BRID1 WY 42.88 -109.87 2.5

flto Flat Tops White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.13 -106.87 2.2

gali Galiuro Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 32.13 -109.37 2.0
gamo Gates of the Mountains Gates of the Mountains 74 GAMO1 MT 46.88 -111.62 2.8

gemo Gearhart Mountain Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.88 -122.12 4.6

gila Gila Gila Cliffs 42 GICL1 NM 33.13 -108.12 2.1

glac Glacier Glacier 72 GLAC1 MT 48.63 -114.12 3.9

glpe Glacier Peak North Cascades 81 NOCA1 WA 48.63 -121.12 4.5

goro Goat Rocks White Pass 79 WHPA1 WA 46.63 -121.37 4.8

grca Grand Canyon Grand Canyon, Hance 48 GRCA2 AZ 35.88 -111.87 2.5

grte Grand Teton Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.63 -110.37 2.5

grgu Great Gulf Great Gulf 4 GRGU1 NH 44.38 -71.12 2.8

grsa Great Sand Dunes Great Sand Dunes 53 GRSA1 CO 37.63 -105.62 2.4

grsm Great Smoky Mountains Great Smoky Mountains 10 GRSM1 TN 35.63 -83.87 3.6

gumo Guadalupe Mountains Guadalupe Mountains 32 GUMO1 TX 31.88 -104.87 2.4

hale Haleakala Haleakala 108 HALE1 HI 20.75 -156.25 2.7

havo Hawaii Volcanoes Hawaii Volcanoes 107 HAVO1 HI 19.25 -155.25 3.0

heca Hells Canyon Hells Canyon 77 HECA1 OR 44.88 -116.87 3.7

herc Hercules - Glade Hercules - Glade 28 HEGL1 MO 36.63 -92.87 3.2

hoov Hoover Hoover 97 HOOV1 CA 38.13 -119.12 3.1

isro Isle Royale Isle Royale 25 ISLE1 MI 47.38 -88.12 3.1

jari James River Face James River Face 7 JARI1 VA 37.63 -79.62 2.9

jarb Jarbidge Jarbidge 68 JARB1 NV 41.88 -115.37 2.9

jomu John Muir Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.13 -119.12 3.0

jotr Joshua Tree Joshua Tree 101 JOSH1 CA 34.13 -116.37 2.4

joyc Joyce Kilmer - Slickrock Great Smoky Mountains 10 GRSM1 TN 35.63 -83.87 3.6

kais Kaiser Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.13 -119.12 3.0

kalm Kalmiopsis Kalmiopsis 89 KALM1 OR 42.63 -124.12 4.5

kica Kings Canyon Sequoia 98 SEQU1 CA 36.38 -118.87 2.9

laga La Garita Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 37.63 -107.87 2.5

lavo Lassen Volcanic Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.63 -121.62 3.7

labe Lava Beds Lava Beds 87 LABE1 CA 41.63 -121.62 4.0

ligo Linville Gorge Linville Gorge 13 LIGO1 NC 35.88 -81.87 3.2

lost Lostwood Lostwood 62 LOST1 ND 48.63 -102.37 3.0

lybr Lye Brook Lye Brook 3 LYBR1 VT 43.13 -73.12 2.8

maca Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave 9 MACA1 KY 37.13 -86.12 3.3

mamo Marble Mountain Trinity 104 TRIN1 CA 40.88 -122.87 4.0

mabe Maroon Bells - Snowmass White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.13 -106.87 2.2

maza Mazatzal Ike's Backbone 46 IKBA1 AZ 34.38 -111.62 2.2

medi Medicine Lake Medicine Lake 63 MELA1 MT 48.38 -104.37 3.0

meve Mesa Verde Mesa Verde 54 MEVE1 CO 37.13 -108.37 2.8

ming Mingo Mingo 26 MING1 MO 36.88 -90.12 3.2

mimo Mission Mountains Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.13 -113.12 3.3

moke Mokelumne Bliss 95 BLIS1 CA 38.88 -120.12 3.2

moos Moosehorn Moosehorn 2 MOOS1 ME 45.13 -67.37 3.0

moad Mount Adams White Pass 79 WHPA1 WA 46.63 -121.37 4.8

moba Mount Baldy Mount Baldy 43 BALD1 AZ 34.13 -109.37 2.2

moho Mount Hood Mount Hood 85 MOHO1 OR 45.38 -121.87 4.6

moje Mount Jefferson Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.38 -122.12 5.3

mora Mount Rainier Mount Rainier 78 MORA1 WA 46.88 -122.12 5.3

mowa Mount Washington Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.38 -122.12 5.3

mozi Mount Zirkel Mount Zirkel 58 MOZI1 CO 40.63 -106.62 2.2

mola Mountain Lakes Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.88 -122.12 4.6

noab North Absaroka North Absoraka 67 NOAB1 WY 44.63 -109.37 2.4

noca North Cascades North Cascades 81 NOCA1 WA 48.63 -121.12 4.5
okef Okefenokee Okefenokee 16 OKEF1 GA 30.63 -82.12 3.3

olym Olympic Olympic 83 OLYM1 WA 48.13 -122.87 4.2

otcr Otter Creek Dolly Sods 8 DOSO1 WV 39.13 -79.37 3.0

pasa Pasayten Pasayten 82 PASA1 WA 48.38 -119.87 4.6

peco Pecos Wheeler Peak 35 WHPE1 NM 36.63 -105.37 2.4

pefo Petrified Forest Petrified Forest 41 PEFO1 AZ 35.13 -109.87 2.4

pimo Pine Mountain Ike's Backbone 46 IKBA1 AZ 34.38 -111.62 2.2

pinn Pinnacles Pinnacles 92 PINN1 CA 36.38 -121.12 3.4

pore Point Reyes Point Reyes 91 PORE1 CA 38.13 -122.87 3.6

prra Presidential Range - Dry River Great Gulf 4 GRGU1 NH 44.38 -71.12 2.8

rala Rainbow Lake WI

rawa Rawah Mount Zirkel 58 MOZI1 CO 40.63 -106.62 2.2

redr Red Rock Lakes Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.63 -110.37 2.5

redw Redwood Redwood 88 REDW1 CA 41.63 -124.12 3.8

romo Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain 57 ROMO1 CO 40.38 -105.62 1.9

roca Roosevelt Campobello Moosehorn 2 MOOS1 ME 45.13 -67.37 3.0

sagu Saguaro Saguaro 40 SAGU1 AZ 32.13 -110.62 1.8

stma Saint Marks Saint Marks 17 SAMA1 FL 30.13 -84.12 3.5

sacr Salt Creek Salt Creek 36 SACR1 NM 33.38 -104.37 2.2

saga San Gabriel San Gabriel 93 SAGA1 CA 34.38 -118.12 2.6

sago San Gorgonio San Gorgonio 99 SAGO1 CA 34.13 -116.87 2.5

saja San Jacinto San Gorgonio 99 SAGO1 CA 34.13 -116.87 2.5

sape San Pedro Parks San Pedro Parks 34 SAPE1 NM 36.13 -106.87 2.4

sara San Rafael San Rafael 94 RAFA1 CA 34.63 -120.12 3.0

sawt Sawtooth Sawtooth 70 SAWT1 ID 44.13 -114.87 3.3

scap Scapegoat Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.13 -113.12 3.3

selw Selway - Bitterroot Sula 71 SULA1 MT 45.88 -114.12 3.4

sene Seney Seney 22 SENE1 MI 46.38 -85.87 3.3

sequ Sequoia Sequoia 98 SEQU1 CA 36.38 -118.87 2.9

shen Shenandoah Shenandoah 6 SHEN1 VA 38.63 -78.37 2.9

shro Shining Rock Shining Rock 11 SHRO1 NC 35.38 -82.87 3.3

sian Sierra Ancha Sierra Ancha 45 SIAN1 AZ 34.13 -110.87 2.2

sime Simeonof Simeonof 105 SIME1 AK 55.25 -160.75 4.2

sips Sipsey Sipsey 21 SIPS1 AL 34.38 -87.37 3.3

sowa South Warner Lava Beds 87 LABE1 CA 41.63 -121.62 4.0

stmo Strawberry Mountain Starkey 76 STAR1 OR 45.13 -118.62 4.3

supe Superstition Tonto 44 TONT1 AZ 33.63 -111.12 2.1

swan Swanquarter Swanquarter 14 SWAN1 NC 35.38 -76.12 2.9

syca Sycamore Canyon Sycamore Canyon 47 SYCA1 AZ 35.13 -111.87 2.4

teto Teton Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.63 -110.37 2.5

thro Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt 61 THRO1 ND 46.88 -103.37 2.9

thla Thousand Lakes Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.63 -121.62 3.7

thsi Three Sisters Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.38 -122.12 5.3

tuxe Tuxedni Tuxedni 103 TUXE1 AK 59.75 -152.75 3.6

ulbe UL Bend UL Bend 64 ULBE1 MT 47.63 -108.62 2.6

upbu Upper Buffalo Upper Buffalo 27 UPBU1 AR 35.88 -93.12 3.2

vent Ventana Pinnacles 92 PINN1 CA 36.38 -121.12 3.4

viis Virgin Islands (b) Virgin Islands 106 VIIS1 VI 18.75 -155.75

voya Voyageurs Voyageurs 24 VOYA2 MN 48.38 -92.87 2.7

wash Washakie North Absoraka 67 NOAB1 WY 44.63 -109.37 2.4

wemi Weminuche Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 37.63 -107.87 2.5

weel West Elk White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.13 -106.87 2.2
whpe Wheeler Peak Wheeler Peak 35 WHPE1 NM 36.63 -105.37 2.4

whmo White Mountain White Mountain 37 WHIT1 NM 33.38 -105.62 2.2

wich Wichita Mountains Wichita Mountains 30 WIMO1 OK 34.63 -98.62 2.8

wica Wind Cave Wind Cave 60 WICA1 SD 43.63 -103.37 2.5

wolf Wolf Island Okefenokee 16 OKEF1 GA 30.63 -82.12 3.3

yell Yellowstone Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.63 -110.37 2.5

yobo Yolla Bolly - Middle Eel Trinity 104 TRIN1 CA 40.88 -122.87 4.0

yose Yosemite Yosemite 96 YOSE1 CA 37.63 -119.62 3.0

zion Zion Zion 51 ZION1 UT 37.25 113.01 2.7

a: No particulate matter sampling or visibility monitoring is conducted in the Bering Sea Wilderness.

b: f(RH) values for Virgin Islands National Park were not calculated because of the limited RH data available.
rogram, EPA-454/B-03-005. September 2003.

Federal Class I Area,

Feb 

f(RH)

Mar 

f(RH)

Apr 

f(RH)

May

f(RH)

Jun 

f(RH)

Jul 

f(RH)

Aug 

f(RH)

Sep 

f(RH)

Oct 

f(RH)

Nov 

f(RH)

Dec 

f(RH)

Annual 

f(RH)

2.8 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4

2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3

5.0 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.8 4.9 5.5 5.3 4.3

3.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 3.4 2.6

2.7 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.2

2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.8

2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.6

2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.9

1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.0

2.9 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.6

2.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.8

2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.8

3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.1

2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.0

2.4 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.8

3.2 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.9 3.6 3.8 2.8

3.0 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.8

2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2

2.5 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.9

3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 3.1 3.5 2.6

2.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.9

3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.6

1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.6

3.1 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.3

4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.6

2.7 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.0 2.2

2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.5

2.8 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.4 3.0 2.2

4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.6

2.7 2.7 2.5 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.1

2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0

3.8 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.4 3.3 4.2 4.5 3.2

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0

2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.2

2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6

2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.1

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0

1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.6
2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.4

4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.6

1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.7

3.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.2

4.1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.7 4.7 3.8

4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.5 4.3 4.9 5.0 3.9

2.4 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.8

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1

2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0

2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.1

3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4

2.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.9

2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.0

3.1 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.4 3.8 2.4

2.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0

2.7 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.1

2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.0

2.7 2.6 2.4 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.9

2.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.1

2.7 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.2

2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0

3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4

2.7 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.2

3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.6 4.4 4.4 3.6

2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.2

2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.0

3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 3.1 3.5 2.6

3.4 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.6 4.0 3.0

3.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3

2.9 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.6

2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9

3.0 2.9 3.0 4.1 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.5

3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.1

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0

2.0 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.7

2.9 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.1 2.6

2.6 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.0

2.9 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0

2.9 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.6

2.8 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.4 3.0 2.2

2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

4.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.5 4.3 4.9 5.0 3.9

2.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.7

4.1 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.2 4.1 4.8 4.8 3.7

4.6 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.7 2.7 3.1 4.3 5.2 5.3 4.1

4.7 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.6 4.2 5.1 5.5 5.6 4.5

4.6 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.7 2.7 3.1 4.3 5.2 5.3 4.1

2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.6

2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0

4.1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.7 4.7 3.8
3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4

3.9 3.6 3.5 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.4 3.7

2.7 2.7 2.5 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.1

4.1 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.4 4.1 4.7 4.8 3.7

2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.0

2.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.7

2.0 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.7

3.4 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6

3.2 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.8

2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0

2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1

3.6 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.8

2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0

2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.5

3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5

1.9 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8

2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

2.6 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1

2.6 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1

2.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.9

2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6

2.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.9 3.3 2.2

2.9 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.6

3.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 3.4 2.6

2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2

2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.2

2.6 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0

3.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3

2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.7

4.2 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.5 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.3

3.0 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2

3.4 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.6 4.0 3.0

3.8 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.4 3.3 4.2 4.5 3.2

1.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6

2.7 2.6 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9

2.4 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.9

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1

2.8 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.0 2.6

3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 3.1 3.5 2.6

4.6 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.7 2.7 3.1 4.3 5.2 5.3 4.1

3.4 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.4

2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.3

2.9 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0

3.4 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6

2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.6

2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0

2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.0

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0
2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.0

1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.8

2.6 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.6

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.4

3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1

3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.1

2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.2

2.4 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.8

ed RH data available.
Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Program, EPA-454/B-03-005. Sep

 Note: to match list in App. B, added Rainbow Lake

Table A-3 Monthly Site-Specific f(RH) Values for Each Mandatory Federal Class I Area,

Based on the Centroid of the Area (Supplemental Information)

abbr Class I Area Site Name Map ID Code

Site 

St LAT LONG

Jan 

f(RH)

acad Acadia Acadia 1 ACAD1 ME 44.37 68.26 3.3

agti Agua Tibia Agua Tibia 100 AGTI1 CA 33.41 116.98 2.4

alla Alpine Lakes Snoqualmie Pass 80 SNPA1 WA 47.42 121.42 4.3

anac Anaconda-Pintler Sula 71 SULA1 MT 45.98 113.42 3.3

anad Ansel Adams Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.65 119.20 3.0

arch Arches Canyonlands 50 CANY1 UT 38.64 109.58 2.6

badl Badlands Badlands 59 BADL1 SD 43.74 101.94 2.6

band Bandelier Bandelier 33 BAND1 NM 35.78 106.27 2.2

bese Bering Sea (a) AK 60.45 172.79

bibe Big Bend Big Bend 31 BIBE1 TX 29.31 103.19 2.0

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 38.58 107.70 2.4

boma Bob Marshall Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.75 113.38 3.6

bosq Bosque del Apache Bosque del Apache 38 BOAP1 NM 33.79 106.83 2.1

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area Boundary Waters 23 BOWA1 MN 47.95 91.50 3.0

bret Breton Breton 20 BRET1 LA 29.73 88.88 3.7

brid Bridger Bridger 65 BRID1 WY 42.98 109.76 2.5

brig Brigantine Brigantine 5 BRIG1 NJ 39.46 74.45 2.8

brca Bryce Canyon Bryce Canyon 49 BRCA1 UT 37.62 112.17 2.6

camo Cabinet Mountains Cabinet Mountains 75 CABI1 MT 48.21 115.71 3.8

cacr Caney Creek Caney Creek 29 CACR1 AR 34.41 94.08 3.4

cany Canyonlands Canyonlands 50 CANY1 UT 38.46 109.82 2.6

cape Cape Romain Cape Romain 15 ROMA1 SC 32.94 79.66 3.3

care Capitol Reef Capitol Reef 52 CAPI1 UT 38.36 111.05 2.7

cari Caribou Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.50 121.18 3.7

cave Carlsbad Caverns Guadalupe Mountains 32 GUMO1 TX 32.14 104.48 2.1

chas Chassahowitzka Chassahowitzka 18 CHAS1 FL 28.75 82.55 3.8

chir Chiricahua NM Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 32.01 109.39 2.0

chir Chiricahua W Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 31.84 109.27 2.0

cohu Cohutta Cohutta 12 COHU1 GA 34.92 84.58 3.3

crla Crater Lake Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.90 122.13 4.6

crmo Craters of the Moon Craters of the Moon 69 CRMO1 ID 43.47 113.55 3.1

cuca Cucamonga San Gabriel 93 SAGA1 CA 34.25 117.57 2.5

dena Denali Denali 102 DENA1 AK 63.72 148.97 2.5

deso Desolation Bliss 95 BLIS1 CA 38.98 120.12 3.2

dipe Diamond Peak Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 43.53 122.10 4.5

doso Dolly Sods Dolly Sods 8 DOSO1 WV 39.11 79.43 3.0

dola Dome Land Dome Land 109 DOME1 CA 35.70 118.19 2.5

eaca Eagle Cap Starkey 76 STAR1 OR 45.10 117.29 3.8

eane Eagles Nest White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.69 106.25 2.2

emig Emigrant Yosemite 96 YOSE1 CA 38.20 119.75 3.2

ever Everglades Everglades 19 EVER1 FL 25.39 80.68 2.7

fitz Fitzpatrick Bridger 65 BRID1 WY 43.27 109.57 2.5

flto Flat Tops White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.97 107.25 2.3

gali Galiuro Chiricahua 39 CHIR1 AZ 32.56 110.32 2.0
gamo Gates of the Mountains Gates of the Mountains 74 GAMO1 MT 46.87 111.81 2.9

gemo Gearhart Mountain Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.49 120.85 4.0

gila Gila Gila Cliffs 42 GICL1 NM 33.22 108.25 2.1

glac Glacier Glacier 72 GLAC1 MT 48.51 114.00 4.0

glpe Glacier Peak North Cascades 81 NOCA1 WA 48.21 121.04 4.2

goro Goat Rocks White Pass 79 WHPA1 WA 46.54 121.48 4.3

grca Grand Canyon Grand Canyon, Hance 48 GRCA2 AZ 35.97 111.98 2.4

grte Grand Teton Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 43.68 110.73 2.6

grgu Great Gulf Great Gulf 4 GRGU1 NH 44.31 71.22 2.8

grsa Great Sand Dunes Great Sand Dunes 53 GRSA1 CO 37.73 105.52 2.4

grsm Great Smoky Mountains Great Smoky Mountains 10 GRSM1 TN 35.63 83.94 3.3

gumo Guadalupe Mountains Guadalupe Mountains 32 GUMO1 TX 31.83 104.80 2.0

hale Haleakala Haleakala 108 HALE1 HI 20.81 156.28 2.7

havo Hawaii Volcanoes Hawaii Volcanoes 107 HAVO1 HI 19.43 155.27 3.2

heca Hells Canyon Hells Canyon 77 HECA1 OR 45.34 116.57 3.7

herc Hercules-Glade Hercules-Glade 28 HEGL1 MO 36.69 92.90 3.2

hoov Hoover Hoover 97 HOOV1 CA 38.14 119.45 3.1

isro Isle Royale Isle Royale 25 ISLE1 MI 47.99 88.83 3.1

jari James River Face James River Face 7 JARI1 VA 37.62 79.48 2.8

jarb Jarbidge Jarbidge 68 JARB1 NV 41.89 115.43 3.0

jomu John Muir Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.39 118.84 2.9

jotr Joshua Tree Joshua Tree 101 JOSH1 CA 34.03 116.18 2.4

joyc Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Great Smoky Mountains 10 GRSM1 TN 35.43 84.00 3.3

kais Kaiser Kaiser 110 KAIS1 CA 37.28 119.18 3.0

kalm Kalmiopsis Kalmiopsis 89 KALM1 OR 42.27 123.93 4.5

kica Kings Canyon Sequoia 98 SEQU1 CA 36.82 118.76 2.8

laga La Garita Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 37.96 106.81 2.3

lavo Lassen Volcanic Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.54 121.57 3.8

labe Lava Beds Lava Beds 87 LABE1 CA 41.71 121.34 4.0

ligo Linville Gorge Linville Gorge 13 LIGO1 NC 35.89 81.89 3.3

lost Lostwood Lostwood 62 LOST1 ND 48.60 102.48 3.0

lybr Lye Brook Lye Brook 3 LYBR1 VT 43.15 73.12 2.7

maca Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave 9 MACA1 KY 37.22 86.07 3.4

mamo Marble Mountain Trinity 104 TRIN1 CA 41.52 123.21 4.4

mabe Maroon Bells-Snowmass White River 56 WHRI1 CO 39.15 106.82 2.2

maza Mazatzal Ike's Backbone 46 IKBA1 AZ 33.92 111.43 2.1

medi Medicine Lake Medicine Lake 63 MELA1 MT 48.50 104.29 3.0

meve Mesa Verde Mesa Verde 54 MEVE1 CO 37.20 108.49 2.5

ming Mingo Mingo 26 MING1 MO 36.98 90.20 3.3

mimo Mission Mountains Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.40 113.85 3.6

moke Mokelumne Bliss 95 BLIS1 CA 38.58 120.03 3.2

moos Moosehorn Moosehorn 2 MOOS1 ME 45.12 67.26 3.0

moad Mount Adams White Pass 79 WHPA1 WA 46.19 121.50 4.3

moba Mount Baldy Mount Baldy 43 BALD1 AZ 34.12 109.57 2.2

moho Mount Hood Mount Hood 85 MOHO1 OR 45.38 121.69 4.3

moje Mount Jefferson Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.55 121.83 4.4

mora Mount Rainier Mount Rainier 78 MORA1 WA 46.76 122.12 4.4

mowa Mount Washington Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.30 121.87 4.4

mozi Mount Zirkel Mount Zirkel 58 MOZI1 CO 40.55 106.70 2.2

mola Mountain Lakes Crater Lake 86 CRLA1 OR 42.34 122.11 4.3

noab North Absaroka North Absaraka 67 NOAB1 WY 44.77 109.78 2.4

noca North Cascades North Cascades 81 NOCA1 WA 48.54 121.44 4.1
okef Okefenokee Okefenokee 16 OKEF1 GA 30.74 82.13 3.5

olym Olympic Olympic 83 OLYM1 WA 47.32 123.35 4.5

otcr Otter Creek Dolly Sods 8 DOSO1 WV 39.00 79.65 3.0

pasa Pasayten Pasayten 82 PASA1 WA 48.85 120.52 4.2

peco Pecos Wheeler Peak 35 WHPE1 NM 35.93 105.64 2.3

pefo Petrified Forest Petrified Forest 41 PEFO1 AZ 35.08 109.77 2.4

pimo Pine Mountain Ike's Backbone 46 IKBA1 AZ 34.31 111.80 2.2

pinn Pinnacles Pinnacles 92 PINN1 CA 36.49 121.16 3.2

pore Point Reyes Point Reyes 91 PORE1 CA 38.12 122.90 3.6

prra Presidential Range-Dry River Great Gulf 4 GRGU1 NH 44.21 71.35 2.8

rala Rainbow Lake WI

rawa Rawah Mount Zirkel 58 MOZI1 CO 40.70 105.94 2.1

redr Red Rock Lakes Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.67 111.70 2.7

redw Redwood Redwood 88 REDW1 CA 41.56 124.08 4.4

romo Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain 57 ROMO1 CO 40.28 105.55 1.7

roca Roosevelt Campobello Moosehorn 2 MOOS1 ME 44.88 66.95 3.0

sagu Saguaro Saguaro 40 SAGU1 AZ 32.25 110.73 1.8

stma Saint Marks Saint Marks 17 SAMA1 FL 30.12 84.08 3.7

sacr Salt Creek Salt Creek 36 SACR1 NM 33.61 104.37 2.1

saga San Gabriel San Gabriel 93 SAGA1 CA 34.27 117.94 2.5

sago San Gorgonio San Gorgonio 99 SAGO1 CA 34.18 116.90 2.7

saja San Jacinto San Gorgonio 99 SAGO1 CA 33.75 116.65 2.5

sape San Pedro Parks San Pedro Parks 34 SAPE1 NM 36.11 106.81 2.3

sara San Rafael San Rafael 94 RAFA1 CA 34.78 119.83 2.8

sawt Sawtooth Sawtooth 70 SAWT1 ID 44.18 114.93 3.3

scap Scapegoat Monture 73 MONT1 MT 47.17 112.73 3.2

selw Selway-Bitterroot Sula 71 SULA1 MT 45.86 114.00 3.5

sene Seney Seney 22 SENE1 MI 46.26 86.03 3.3

sequ Sequoia Sequoia 98 SEQU1 CA 36.50 118.82 2.5

shen Shenandoah Shenandoah 6 SHEN1 VA 38.52 78.44 3.1

shro Shining Rock Shining Rock 11 SHRO1 NC 35.39 82.78 3.3

sian Sierra Ancha Sierra Ancha 45 SIAN1 AZ 33.82 110.88 2.1

sime Simeonof Simeonof 105 SIME1 AK 54.92 159.28 4.3

sips Sipsey Sipsey 21 SIPS1 AL 34.34 87.34 3.4

sowa South Warner Lava Beds 87 LABE1 CA 41.33 120.20 3.6

stmo Strawberry Mountain Starkey 76 STAR1 OR 44.30 118.73 3.9

supe Superstition Tonto 44 TONT1 AZ 33.63 111.10 2.1

swan Swanquarter Swanquarter 14 SWAN1 NC 35.31 76.28 2.9

syca Sycamore Canyon Sycamore Canyon 47 SYCA1 AZ 34.03 116.18 2.4

teto Teton Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.09 110.18 2.5

thro Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt 61 THRO1 ND 47.30 104.00 2.9

thla Thousand Lakes Lassen Volcanic 90 LAVO1 CA 40.70 121.58 3.8

thsi Three Sisters Three Sisters 84 THSI1 OR 44.29 122.04 4.5

tuxe Tuxedni Tuxedni 103 TUXE1 AK 60.15 152.60 3.5

ulbe UL Bend UL Bend 64 ULBE1 MT 47.55 107.87 2.7

upbu Upper Buffalo Upper Buffalo 27 UPBU1 AR 35.83 93.21 3.3

vent Ventana Pinnacles 92 PINN1 CA 36.22 121.59 3.2

viis Virgin Islands (b) Virgin Islands 106 VIIS1 VI 18.33 64.79

voya Voyageurs Voyageurs 24 VOYA2 MN 48.59 93.17 2.8

wash Washakie North Absoraka 67 NOAB1 WY 43.95 109.59 2.5

wemi Weminuche Weminuche 55 WEMI1 CO 37.65 107.80 2.4

weel West Elk White River 56 WHRI1 CO 38.69 107.19 2.3
whpe Wheeler Peak Wheeler Peak 35 WHPE1 NM 36.57 105.42 2.3

whmo White Mountain White Mountain 37 WHIT1 NM 33.49 105.83 2.1

wich Wichita Mountains Wichita Mountains 30 WIMO1 OK 34.74 98.59 2.7

wica Wind Cave Wind Cave 60 WICA1 SD 43.55 103.48 2.5

wolf Wolf Island Okefenokee 16 OKEF1 GA 31.31 81.30 3.4

yell Yellowstone Yellowstone 66 YELL2 WY 44.55 110.40 2.5

yobo Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Trinity 104 TRIN1 CA 40.11 122.96 4.0

yose Yosemite Yosemite 96 YOSE1 CA 37.71 119.70 3.3

zion Zion Zion 51 ZION1 UT 37.25 113.01 2.7

a: No particulate matter sampling or visibility monitoring is conducted in the Bering Sea Wilderness.

b: f(RH) values for Virgin Islands National Park were not calculated because of the limited RH data available.
rogram, EPA-454/B-03-005. September 2003.

Feb 

f(RH)

Mar 

f(RH)

Apr 

f(RH)

May

f(RH)

Jun 

f(RH)

Jul 

f(RH)

Aug 

f(RH)

Sep 

f(RH)

Oct 

f(RH)

Nov 

f(RH)

Dec 

f(RH)

Annual 

f(RH)

2.9 2.8 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4

2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3

3.8 3.5 3.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.7

2.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.5 3.2 3.3 2.6

2.7 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.1

2.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.8

2.7 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.6

2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.9

1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8

2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.0

3.1 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.5 2.9

1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.8

2.6 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.2 2.9

3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1

2.6 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.1

2.4 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.8

3.3 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.7 3.9 3.0

3.1 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4

2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.8

3.0 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.4

2.4 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.9

3.1 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.4 2.7

2.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9

3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.7

2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.7

1.9 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.7

3.1 3.0 2.8 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5

3.9 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.6 4.6 4.6 3.6

2.7 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.0 2.2

2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.5

2.8 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.0 2.2

4.0 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.7 4.6 4.6 3.7

2.8 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.2

2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0

3.2 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 3.4 4.0 2.5

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

2.8 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.9 2.2

2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.0

2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.0

1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.6
2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.4

3.4 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.7 3.8 3.0

1.9 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.8

3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.4

3.7 3.4 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.4 3.6

3.8 3.4 4.2 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.8 4.4 4.6 3.7

2.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.8

2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.1

2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.1

2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.1

3.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.5

2.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.9

2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.5

2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.2 3.1

3.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.4 3.5 3.9 2.5

2.9 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1

2.8 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.1

2.5 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.8 2.7 3.3 3.3 2.9

2.6 2.7 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0

2.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.1

2.6 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.1

2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1

3.1 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5

2.7 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.2

3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.4 4.3 3.7

2.6 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.1

2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0

3.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.1 3.5 2.7

3.4 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.5 3.8 2.9

3.0 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.5

2.9 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.7

2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.0

3.1 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.4

3.8 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 3.6

2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0

1.9 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6

2.9 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.6

2.3 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.9

3.0 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1

3.1 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.6 2.8

2.8 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.9 2.2

2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2

3.8 3.4 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.7

2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.7

3.8 3.5 3.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.9 4.5 4.6 3.6

3.9 3.6 3.7 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.8 4.6 4.5 3.6

4.0 3.6 4.7 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.4 4.1 4.7 4.7 3.9

3.9 3.6 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.8 4.6 4.6 3.6

2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

3.6 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.1 4.1 4.3 3.2

2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.1

3.7 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.4 3.6
3.2 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6

4.1 3.8 4.1 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.0

2.8 2.8 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3

3.7 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.5 3.6

2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.9

2.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.8

2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.7

2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.4

3.3 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.8

2.6 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.2

2.1 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0

2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2

3.9 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.4 4.2

1.9 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9

2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.1 1.5

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.8

2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3

2.8 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2

2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2

2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.9

2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5

2.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.9 3.3 2.2

2.8 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.6

3.0 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.6 3.3 3.5 2.6

2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.3

2.4 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1

2.8 2.8 2.5 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2

3.0 2.9 2.7 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.6

2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6

4.1 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.2 4.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.2

3.1 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4

3.1 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 3.1 3.4 2.6

3.3 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.6 3.7 4.1 2.8

1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.6

2.7 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.0

2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1

2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.1

2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.0 2.6

3.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.1 3.5 2.7

4.0 3.6 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.8 4.6 4.6 3.7

3.3 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.4

2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.3

3.0 2.7 2.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2

2.9 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.5

2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.1

2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.9

2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0
2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0

1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.8

2.6 2.4 2.4 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5

3.1 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5

2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.1

3.4 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.6 3.0

3.0 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.4 2.8 2.2

2.4 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.8

ed RH data available.
Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Program, EPA-454/B-03-005. September 200

 Note: To match order in App. A-2 and A-3, moved St. Marks to Saint Marks

Appendix B

Default Natural bext , dv , and 10th and 90th Percentile

dv Values at All Mandatory Federal Class I Areas

abbr Mandatory Federal Class I Area State Lat. Lon. bext 

(Mm-1)

Ann. Avg. 

(dv)

acad Acadia NP ME 44.35 -68.24 21.40 7.61

agti Agua Tibia Wilderness CA 33.42 -116.99 15.86 4.61

alla Alpine Lake Wilderness WA 47.55 -121.16 16.99 5.30

anac Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness MT 45.95 -113.50 16.03 4.72

anad Ansel Adams CA 37.74 -119.19 15.78 4.56

arch Arches NP UT 38.73 -109.58 15.58 4.43

badl Badlands NP SD 43.81 -102.36 16.06 4.74

band Bandelier NM NM 35.79 -106.34 15.62 4.46

bese Bering Sea AK 60.46 -172.75

bibe Big Bend NP TX 29.33 -103.31 15.48 4.37

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison NM CO 38.57 -107.75 15.68 4.50

boma Bob Marshall Wilderness MT 47.68 -113.23 16.17 4.80

bosq Bosque del Apache NM 33.79 -106.85 15.54 4.41

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area MN 48.06 -91.43 20.89 7.37

bret Breton LA 29.87 -88.82 21.57 7.69

brid Bridger Wilderness WY 42.99 -109.49 15.71 4.52

brig Brigantine NJ 39.49 -74.39 21.05 7.44

brca Bryce Canyon NP UT 37.57 -112.17 15.58 4.43

camo Cabinet Mountains Wilderness MT 48.18 -115.68 16.27 4.87

cacr Caney Creek Wilderness AR 34.41 -94.08 21.14 7.49

cany Canyonlands NP UT 38.23 -109.91 15.60 4.45

cape Cape Romain SC 32.99 -79.49 21.22 7.52

care Capitol Reef NP UT 38.06 -111.15 15.63 4.47

cari Caribou Wilderness CA 40.49 -121.21 16.05 4.73

cave Carlsbad Caverns NP NM 32.12 -104.59 15.61 4.46

chas Chassahowitzka FL 28.69 -82.66 21.46 7.63

chir Chiricahua NM AZ 32.01 -109.34 15.47 4.36

chir Chiricahua Wilderness AZ 31.86 -109.28 15.45 4.35

cohu Cohutta Wilderness GA 34.93 -84.57 21.39 7.60

crla Crater Lake NP OR 42.92 -122.13 16.74 5.15

crmo Craters of the Moon NM ID 43.39 -113.54 15.80 4.57

cuca Cucamonga Wilderness CA 34.24 -117.59 15.85 4.61

dena Denali Preserve NP AK 63.31 -151.19 16.27 4.86

deso Desolation Wilderness CA 38.90 -120.17 15.80 4.57

dipe Diamond Peak Wilderness OR 43.53 -122.10 16.84 5.21

doso Dolly Sods Wilderness WV 39.00 -79.37 21.13 7.48

dola Dome Land Wilderness CA 35.84 -118.23 15.70 4.51

eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness OR 45.22 -117.37 16.12 4.78

eane Eagles Nest Wilderness CO 39.67 -106.29 15.72 4.52

emig Emigrant Wilderness CA 38.18 -119.77 15.81 4.58

ever Everglades NP FL 25.35 -80.98 20.77 7.31

fitz Fitzpatrick Wilderness WY 43.24 -109.60 15.73 4.53

flto Flat Tops Wilderness CO 39.95 -107.30 15.70 4.51

gali Galiuro Wilderness AZ 32.60 -110.39 15.40 4.32

gamo Gates of the Mountains Wilderness MT 46.86 -111.82 15.93 4.66

gemo Gearhart Mountain Wilderness OR 42.51 -120.86 16.33 4.90
gila Gila Wilderness NM 33.21 -108.47 15.51 4.39

glac Glacier NP MT 48.64 -113.84 16.48 5.00

glpe Glacier Peak Wilderness WA 48.21 -121.00 16.88 5.24

goro Goat Rocks Wilderness WA 46.52 -121.47 16.93 5.26

grca Grand Canyon NP AZ 36.30 -112.79 15.51 4.39

grte Grand Teton NP WY 43.82 -110.71 15.74 4.53

grgu Great Gulf Wilderness NH 44.30 -71.28 21.10 7.47

grsa Great Sand Dunes NM CO 37.77 -105.57 15.74 4.54

grsm Great Smoky Mountains NP TN 35.60 -83.52 21.39 7.60

gumo Guadalupe Mountains NP TX 31.91 -104.85 15.64 4.47

hale Haleakala NP HI 20.71 -156.16 16.02 4.71

havo Hawaii Volcanoes NP HI 19.41 -155.34 16.33 4.91

heca Hells Canyon Wilderness OR 45.54 -116.59 16.09 4.76

herc Hercules-Glades Wilderness MO 36.68 -92.90 21.03 7.43

hoov Hoover Wilderness CA 38.11 -119.37 15.78 4.56

isro Isle Royale NP MI 48.01 -88.83 20.91 7.38

jari James River Face Wilderness VA 37.59 -79.44 20.96 7.40

jarb Jarbidge Wilderness NV 41.77 -115.35 15.75 4.54

jomu John Muir Wilderness CA 36.97 -118.88 15.80 4.58

jotr Joshua Tree NM CA 33.92 -115.88 15.72 4.52

joyc Joyce-Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness TN 35.44 -83.99 21.40 7.61

kais Kaiser Wilderness CA 37.28 -119.17 15.80 4.57

kalm Kalmiopsis Wilderness OR 42.26 -123.92 16.74 5.15

kica Kings Canyon NP CA 36.92 -118.61 15.79 4.57

laga La Garita Wilderness CO 37.95 -106.83 15.69 4.50

lavo Lassen Volcanic NP CA 40.49 -121.41 16.08 4.75

labe Lava Beds NM CA 41.76 -121.52 16.37 4.93

ligo Linville Gorge Wilderness NC 35.88 -81.90 21.36 7.59

lost Lostwood ND 48.59 -102.46 16.11 4.77

lybr Lye Brook Wilderness VT 43.13 -73.02 20.99 7.41

maca Mammoth Cave NP KY 37.20 -86.15 21.58 7.69

mamo Marble Mountain Wilderness CA 41.51 -123.21 16.65 5.10

mabe Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness CO 39.10 -107.02 15.70 4.51

maza Mazatzal Wilderness AZ 34.13 -111.56 15.44 4.35

medi Medicine Lake MT 48.49 -104.35 16.07 4.74

meve Mesa Verde NP CO 37.25 -108.45 15.73 4.53

ming Mingo MO 37.00 -90.19 21.03 7.43

mimo Mission Mountains Wilderness MT 47.48 -113.87 16.21 4.83

moke Mokelumne Wilderness CA 38.57 -120.06 15.80 4.58

moos Moosehorn ME 45.09 -67.29 21.22 7.52

moad Mount Adams Wilderness WA 46.20 -121.49 16.86 5.22

moba Mount Baldy Wilderness AZ 33.95 -109.54 15.51 4.39

moho Mount Hood Wilderness OR 45.37 -121.73 16.83 5.21

moje Mount Jefferson Wilderness OR 44.61 -121.84 16.91 5.25

mora Mount Rainier NP WA 46.86 -121.72 17.05 5.34

mowa Mount Washington Wilderness OR 44.30 -121.88 17.03 5.33

mozi Mount Zirkel Wilderness CO 40.75 -106.68 15.71 4.52

mola Mountain Lakes Wilderness OR 42.33 -122.11 16.50 5.01

noab North Absaroka Wilderness WY 44.74 -109.80 15.74 4.53

noca North Cascades NP WA 48.83 -121.35 16.86 5.22

okef Okefenokee GA 30.82 -82.33 21.41 7.61

olym Olympic NP WA 47.77 -123.74 17.02 5.32

otcr Otter Creek Wilderness WV 38.99 -79.65 21.14 7.49

pasa Pasayten Wilderness WA 48.89 -120.44 16.84 5.21

peco Pecos Wilderness NM 35.90 -105.62 15.65 4.48
pefo Petrified Forest NP AZ 34.99 -109.79 15.54 4.41

pimo Pine Mountain Wilderness AZ 34.31 -111.80 15.47 4.36

pinn Pinnacles NM CA 36.48 -121.19 16.12 4.78

pore Point Reyes NS CA 38.06 -122.90 16.20 4.83

prra Presidential Range-Dry River Wilderness NH 44.20 -71.34 21.15 7.49

rala Rainbow Lake Wilderness WI 46.42 -91.31 20.99 7.42

rawa Rawah Wilderness CO 40.69 -105.95 15.72 4.52

redr Red Rock Lakes MT 44.64 -111.78 15.81 4.58

redw Redwood NP CA 41.44 -124.03 16.90 5.25

romo Rocky Mountain NP CO 40.35 -105.70 15.67 4.49

roca Roosevelt Campobello International Park ME 44.85 -66.94 21.22 7.52

sagu Saguaro NM AZ 32.17 -110.61 15.35 4.28

stma Saint Marks FL 30.11 -84.15 21.54 7.67

sacr Salt Creek NM 33.60 -104.41 15.58 4.43

saga San Gabriel Wilderness CA 34.27 -117.94 15.86 4.61

sago San Gorgonio Wilderness CA 34.12 -116.84 15.74 4.54

saja San Jacinto Wilderness CA 33.75 -116.64 15.78 4.56

sape San Pedro Parks Wilderness NM 36.11 -106.81 15.63 4.47

sara San Rafael Wilderness CA 34.76 -119.81 16.03 4.72

sawt Sawtooth Wilderness ID 43.99 -115.06 15.82 4.59

scap Scapegoat Wilderness MT 47.16 -112.74 16.05 4.73

selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness ID 46.12 -114.86 16.09 4.76

sene Seney MI 46.25 -86.09 21.23 7.53

sequ Sequoia NP CA 36.51 -118.56 15.79 4.57

shen Shenandoah NP VA 38.47 -78.49 20.98 7.41

shro Shining Rock Wilderness NC 35.38 -82.85 21.40 7.61

sian Sierra Ancha Wilderness AZ 33.85 -110.90 15.46 4.36

sime Simeonof AK 54.91 -159.28 17.21 5.43

sips Sipsey Wilderness AL 34.32 -87.44 21.28 7.55

sowa South Warner Wilderness CA 41.31 -120.20 16.09 4.76

stmo Strawberry Mountain Wilderness OR 44.29 -118.74 16.37 4.93

supe Superstition Wilderness AZ 33.50 -111.27 15.40 4.32

swan Swanquarter NC 35.39 -76.39 20.91 7.38

syca Sycamore Canyon Wilderness AZ 35.01 -112.09 15.53 4.40

teto Teton Wilderness WY 44.04 -110.17 15.74 4.53

thro Theodore Roosevelt NP ND 46.96 -103.46 16.08 4.75

thla Thousand Lakes Wilderness CA 40.70 -121.58 16.10 4.76

thsi Three Sisters Wilderness OR 44.04 -121.91 17.01 5.31

tuxe Tuxedni AK 60.14 -152.61 16.58 5.06

ulbe UL Bend MT 47.54 -107.89 15.87 4.62

upbu Upper Buffalo Wilderness AR 36.17 -92.41 21.04 7.44

vent Ventana Wilderness CA 36.21 -121.60 16.09 4.76

viis Virgin Islands NP (b) VI 18.35 -64.74

voya Voyageurs NP MN 48.47 -92.80 20.64 7.25

wash Washakie Wilderness WY 44.10 -109.57 15.73 4.53

wemi Weminuche Wilderness CO 37.61 -107.25 15.68 4.50

weel West Elk Wilderness CO 38.75 -107.21 15.71 4.51

whpe Wheeler Peak Wilderness NM 36.57 -105.40 15.70 4.51

whmo White Mountain Wilderness NM 33.48 -105.85 15.56 4.42

wich Wichita Mountains OK 34.75 -98.65 20.60 7.23

wica Wind Cave NP SD 43.58 -103.47 15.97 4.68

wolf Wolf Island GA 31.33 -81.30 21.33 7.58

yell Yellowstone NP WY 44.63 -110.51 15.77 4.56

yobo Yolla Bolly Middle Eel Wilderness CA 40.09 -122.96 16.25 4.85

yose Yosemite NP CA 37.85 -119.54 15.81 4.58
zion Zion NP UT 37.32 -113.04 15.56 4.42

(a) Values for the best and worst days are estimated from a statistical approach described in Section 2.6 of this document.

(b) f(RH) values for Virgin Islands National Park were not calculated because of the limited RH data available. As such no es
ram, EPA-454/B-03-005. September 2003.

Best Days 

(dv) (a)

Worst Days 

(dv) (a)

3.77 11.45

2.05 7.17

2.74 7.86

2.16 7.28

2.00 7.12

1.87 6.99

2.18 7.30

1.90 7.02

1.81 6.93

1.94 7.06

2.24 7.36

1.85 6.97

3.53 11.21

3.85 11.53

1.96 7.08

3.60 11.28

1.87 6.99

2.31 7.43

3.65 11.33

1.89 7.01

3.68 11.36

1.91 7.03

2.17 7.29

1.90 7.02

3.79 11.47

1.80 6.92

1.79 6.91

3.76 11.44

2.59 7.71

2.01 7.13

2.05 7.17

2.30 7.42

2.01 7.13

2.65 7.77

3.64 11.32

1.95 7.07

2.22 7.34

1.96 7.08

2.02 7.14

3.47 11.15

1.97 7.09

1.95 7.07

1.76 6.88

2.10 7.22

2.34 7.46
1.83 6.95

2.44 7.56x

2.68 7.80

2.70 7.82

1.83 6.95

1.97 7.09

3.63 11.31

1.98 7.10

3.76 11.44

1.91 7.03

2.15 7.27

2.35 7.47

2.20 7.32

3.59 11.27

2.00 7.12

3.54 11.22

3.56 11.24

1.98 7.10

2.02 7.14

1.96 7.08

3.77 11.45

2.01 7.13

2.59 7.71

2.01 7.13

1.94 7.06

2.19 7.31

2.37 7.49

3.75 11.43

2.21 7.33

3.57 11.25

3.85 11.53

2.54 7.66

1.95 7.07

1.79 6.91

2.18 7.30

1.97 7.09

3.59 11.27

2.27 7.39

2.02 7.14

3.68 11.36

2.66 7.78

1.83 6.95

2.65 7.77

2.69 7.81

2.78 7.90

2.77 7.89

1.96 7.08

2.45 7.57

1.97 7.09

2.66 7.78

3.77 11.45

2.76 7.88

3.65 11.33

2.65 7.77

1.92 7.04
1.85 6.97

1.80 6.92

2.22 7.34

2.27 7.39

3.65 11.33

3.58 11.26

1.96 7.08

2.02 7.14

2.69 7.81

1.93 7.05

3.68 11.36

1.72 6.84

3.83 11.51

1.87 6.99

2.05 7.17

1.98 7.10

2.00 7.12

1.91 7.03

2.16 7.28

2.03 7.15

2.17 7.29

2.20 7.32

3.69 11.37

2.01 7.13

3.57 11.25

3.77 11.45

1.80 6.92

2.87 7.99

3.71 11.39

2.20 7.32

2.37 7.49

1.76 6.88

3.54 11.22

1.84 6.96

1.97 7.09

2.19 7.31

2.20 7.32

2.75 7.87

2.50 7.62

2.06 7.18

3.60 11.28

2.20 7.32

3.41 11.09

1.97 7.09

1.94 7.06

1.95 7.07

1.95 7.07

1.86 6.98

3.39 11.07

2.12 7.24

3.74 11.42

2.00 7.12

2.29 7.41

2.02 7.14
1.86 6.98

cribed in Section 2.6 of this document.

imited RH data available. As such no estimates for Natural Visibility Conditions are presented at this time.
Natural concentrations for best and worst 20% of days,

 scaled from annual concentrations B20 and W20 extinction

bext calculated as a check, using table A-2, "recommended" f(RH) at IMPROVE site

From Best & Worst dv check

abbr Class I Area

West / 

East

Annl Avg 

(Mm-1)

Best Days 

(Mm-1)

Worst Days 

(Mm-1)

Annl avg b 

from conc

acad Acadia NP East 21.4 14.579043 31.4244136 21.4495

agti Agua Tibia Wilderness West 15.86 12.275251 20.4827915 15.8815

alla Alpine Lake Wilderness West 16.99 13.152148 21.9460044 16.789

anac Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness West 16.03 12.411024 20.7093459 16.074

anad Ansel Adams Wilderness West 15.78 12.214028 20.3806331 15.777

arch Arches NP West 15.58 12.056273 20.1173996 15.568

badl Badlands NP West 16.06 12.435871 20.7508061 16.063

band Bandelier NM West 15.62 12.092496 20.1778424 15.6065

bese Bering Sea

bibe Big Bend NP West 15.48 11.984152 19.9970566 15.568

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison NMWest 15.68 12.140963 20.2587154 15.6835

boma Bob Marshall Wilderness West 16.17 12.51071 20.8756852 16.2775

bosq Bosque del Apache West 15.54 12.032184 20.077205 15.535

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area East 20.89 14.233311 30.6792059 20.99575

bret Breton East 21.57 14.696143 31.6768171 21.9115

brid Bridger Wilderness West 15.71 12.165269 20.2992734 15.744

brig Brigantine East 21.05 14.333294 30.8947137 21.1195

brca Bryce Canyon NP West 15.58 12.056273 20.1173996 15.568

camo Cabinet Mountains Wilderness West 16.27 12.598592 21.0223276 16.3435

cacr Caney Creek Wilderness East 21.14 14.40514 31.0495741 21.433

cany Canyonlands NP West 15.6 12.08041 20.1576747 15.546

cape Cape Romain East 21.22 14.44842 31.1428627 21.47425

care Capitol Reef NP West 15.63 12.104595 20.1980304 15.6285

cari Caribou Wilderness West 16.05 12.423441 20.7300656 16.1345

cave Carlsbad Caverns NP West 15.61 12.092496 20.1778424 15.6065

chas Chassahowitzka East 21.46 14.60823 31.4873253 21.796

chir Chiricahua NM West 15.47 11.972174 19.9770695 15.4965

chir Chiricahua Wilderness West 15.45 11.960207 19.9571025 15.4855

cohu Cohutta Wilderness East 21.39 14.564471 31.3930049 21.60625

crla Crater Lake NP West 16.74 12.956338 21.619271 16.767

crmo Craters of the Moon NM West 15.8 12.226248 20.4010239 15.8155

cuca Cucamonga Wilderness West 15.85 12.275251 20.4827915 15.8485

dena Denali Preserve NP West 16.27 12.586 21.0013158 16.041

deso Desolation Wilderness West 15.8 12.226248 20.4010239 15.8045

dipe Diamond Peak Wilderness West 16.84 13.03431 21.7493766 16.7945

doso Dolly Sods Wilderness East 21.13 14.390742 31.0185401 21.268

dola Dome Land Wilderness West 15.7 12.15311 20.2789843 15.7

eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness West 16.12 12.485714 20.8339755 16.03

eane Eagles Nest Wilderness West 15.72 12.165269 20.2992734 15.7165

emig Emigrant Wilderness West 15.81 12.23848 20.4214352 15.8155

ever Everglades NP East 20.77 14.148167 30.4956818 20.74

fitz Fitzpatrick Wilderness West 15.73 12.17744 20.3195828 15.7275

flto Flat Tops Wilderness West 15.7 12.15311 20.2789843 15.7

gali Galiuro Wilderness West 15.4 11.924381 19.8973209 15.4195

gamo Gates of the Mountains WildernessWest 15.93 12.336781 20.5854619 15.964

gemo Gearhart Mountain Wilderness West 16.33 12.636445 21.0854893 16.349
gila Gila Wilderness West 15.51 12.008144 20.0370907 15.535

glac Glacier NP West 16.48 12.763443 21.297402 16.591

glpe Glacier Peak Wilderness West 16.88 13.073471 21.8147227 16.756

goro Goat Rocks Wilderness West 16.93 13.099645 21.8583958 16.8

grca Grand Canyon NP West 15.51 12.008144 20.0370907 15.546

grte Grand Teton NP West 15.74 12.17744 20.3195828 15.7495

grgu Great Gulf Wilderness East 21.1 14.376359 30.987537 21.202

grsa Great Sand Dunes NM West 15.74 12.189624 20.3399126 15.777

grsm Great Smoky Mountains NP East 21.39 14.564471 31.3930049 21.52375

gumo Guadalupe Mountains NP West 15.64 12.104595 20.1980304 15.612

hale Haleakala NP West 16.02 12.398619 20.6886469 16.052

havo Hawaii Volcanoes NP West 16.33 12.649088 21.1065853 16.448

heca Hells Canyon Wilderness West 16.09 12.460767 20.7923492 16.052

herc Hercules-Glades Wilderness East 21.03 14.318968 30.8638345 21.202

hoov Hoover Wilderness West 15.78 12.214028 20.3806331 15.7825

isro Isle Royale NP East 20.91 14.247552 30.7099005 20.971

jari James River Face Wilderness East 20.96 14.276075 30.7713817 21.11125

jarb Jarbidge Wilderness West 15.75 12.189624 20.3399126 15.777

jomu John Muir Wilderness West 15.8 12.23848 20.4214352 15.777

jotr Joshua Tree NM West 15.72 12.165269 20.2992734 15.7385

joyc Joyce-Kilmer-Slickrock WildernessEast 21.4 14.579043 31.4244136 21.57325

kais Kaiser Wilderness West 15.8 12.226248 20.4010239 15.799

kalm Kalmiopsis Wilderness West 16.74 12.956338 21.619271 16.8275

kica Kings Canyon NP West 15.79 12.226248 20.4010239 15.7825

laga La Garita Wilderness West 15.69 12.140963 20.2587154 15.6835

lavo Lassen Volcanic NP West 16.08 12.448313 20.7715673 16.162

labe Lava Beds NM West 16.37 12.674411 21.1488407 16.316

ligo Linville Gorge Wilderness East 21.36 14.549914 31.3616275 21.60625

lost Lostwood West 16.11 12.473234 20.813152 16.151

lybr Lye Brook Wilderness East 20.99 14.290359 30.8021685 21.06175

maca Mammoth Cave NP East 21.58 14.696143 31.6768171 21.42475

mamo Marble Mountain Wilderness West 16.65 12.891718 21.5114444 16.7505

mabe Maroon Bells-Snowmass WildernessWest 15.7 12.15311 20.2789843 15.7165

maza Mazatzal Wilderness West 15.44 11.960207 19.9571025 15.4525

medi Medicine Lake West 16.07 12.435871 20.7508061 16.1125

meve Mesa Verde NP West 15.73 12.17744 20.3195828 15.623

ming Mingo East 21.03 14.318968 30.8638345 21.21025

mimo Mission Mountains Wilderness West 16.21 12.548299 20.9384063 16.2555

moke Mokelumne Wilderness West 15.8 12.23848 20.4214352 15.8045

moos Moosehorn East 21.22 14.44842 31.1428627 21.27625

moad Mount Adams Wilderness West 16.86 13.047351 21.7711368 16.844

moba Mount Baldy Wilderness West 15.51 12.008144 20.0370907 15.513

moho Mount Hood Wilderness West 16.83 13.03431 21.7493766 16.7835

moje Mount Jefferson Wilderness West 16.91 13.086551 21.8365483 16.7725

mora Mount Rainier NP West 17.05 13.204862 22.0339643 16.976

mowa Mount Washington Wilderness West 17.03 13.191664 22.0119413 16.7835

mozi Mount Zirkel Wilderness West 15.71 12.165269 20.2992734 15.7165

mola Mountain Lakes Wilderness West 16.5 12.776213 21.31871 16.514

noab North Absaroka Wilderness West 15.74 12.17744 20.3195828 15.755

noca North Cascades NP West 16.86 13.047351 21.7711368 16.7615

okef Okefenokee East 21.41 14.579043 31.4244136 21.631

olym Olympic NP West 17.02 13.178479 21.9899404 16.9925

otcr Otter Creek Wilderness East 21.14 14.40514 31.0495741 21.32575

pasa Pasayten Wilderness West 16.84 13.03431 21.7493766 16.7615

peco Pecos Wilderness West 15.65 12.116705 20.2182385 15.6395
pefo Petrified Forest NP West 15.54 12.032184 20.077205 15.535

pimo Pine Mountain Wilderness West 15.47 11.972174 19.9770695 15.469

pinn Pinnacles NM West 16.12 12.485714 20.8339755 15.986

pore Point Reyes NS West 16.2 12.548299 20.9384063 16.2555

prra Presidential Range-Dry River Wilderness East 21.15 14.40514 31.0495741 21.301

rala Rainbow Lake Wilderness East 20.99 14.304656 30.8329861 18.1

rawa Rawah Wilderness West 15.72 12.165269 20.2992734 15.722

redr Red Rock Lakes West 15.81 12.23848 20.4214352 15.8155

redw Redwood NP West 16.9 13.086551 21.8365483 17.174

romo Rocky Mountain NP West 15.67 12.128828 20.2384668 15.6395

roca Roosevelt Campobello International Park East 21.22 14.44842 31.1428627 21.2845

sagu Saguaro NM West 15.35 11.876778 19.8178906 15.37

stma Saint Marks East 21.54 14.66678 31.6135268 21.8455

sacr Salt Creek West 15.58 12.056273 20.1173996 15.5845

saga San Gabriel Wilderness West 15.86 12.275251 20.4827915 15.8705

sago San Gorgonio Wilderness West 15.74 12.189624 20.3399126 15.8155

saja San Jacinto Wilderness West 15.78 12.214028 20.3806331 15.8155

sape San Pedro Parks Wilderness West 15.63 12.104595 20.1980304 15.612

sara San Rafael Wilderness West 16.03 12.411024 20.7093459 16.0245

sawt Sawtooth Wilderness West 15.82 12.250725 20.4418668 15.854

scap Scapegoat Wilderness West 16.05 12.423441 20.7300656 16.0905

selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness West 16.09 12.460767 20.7923492 16.107

sene Seney East 21.23 14.462876 31.1740212 21.367

sequ Sequoia NP West 15.79 12.226248 20.4010239 15.744

shen Shenandoah NP East 20.98 14.290359 30.8021685 21.25975

shro Shining Rock Wilderness East 21.4 14.579043 31.4244136 21.62275

sian Sierra Ancha Wilderness West 15.46 11.972174 19.9770695 15.4635

sime Simeonof West 17.21 13.324242 22.233165 17.1795

sips Sipsey Wilderness East 21.28 14.491831 31.2364316 21.499

sowa South Warner Wilderness West 16.09 12.460767 20.7923492 16.074

stmo Strawberry Mountain Wilderness West 16.37 12.674411 21.1488407 16.2445

supe Superstition Wilderness West 15.4 11.924381 19.8973209 15.447

swan Swanquarter East 20.91 14.247552 30.7099005 21.06175

syca Sycamore Canyon Wilderness West 15.53 12.020158 20.0571379 15.7385

teto Teton Wilderness West 15.74 12.17744 20.3195828 15.7495

thro Theodore Roosevelt NP West 16.08 12.448313 20.7715673 16.0685

thla Thousand Lakes Wilderness West 16.1 12.460767 20.7923492 16.162

thsi Three Sisters Wilderness West 17.01 13.165307 21.9679614 16.7945

tuxe Tuxedni West 16.58 12.840254 21.4255705 16.591

ulbe UL Bend West 15.87 12.287532 20.5032845 15.9035

upbu Upper Buffalo Wilderness East 21.04 14.333294 30.8947137 21.301

vent Ventana Wilderness West 16.09 12.460767 20.7923492 16.041

viis Virgin Islands NP (b)

voya Voyageurs NP East 20.64 14.063532 30.3132555 20.78125

wash Washakie Wilderness West 15.73 12.17744 20.3195828 15.744

wemi Weminuche Wilderness West 15.68 12.140963 20.2587154 15.645

weel West Elk Wilderness West 15.71 12.15311 20.2789843 15.6945

whpe Wheeler Peak Wilderness West 15.7 12.15311 20.2789843 15.7

whmo White Mountain Wilderness West 15.56 12.044223 20.0972923 15.557

wich Wichita Mountains East 20.6 14.035433 30.2526896 20.707

wica Wind Cave NP West 15.97 12.361479 20.626674 15.997

wolf Wolf Island East 21.33 14.535372 31.3302816 21.57325

yell Yellowstone NP West 15.77 12.214028 20.3806331 15.7935

yobo Yolla Bolly Middle Eel Wilderness West 16.25 12.57342 20.980325 16.338

yose Yosemite NP West 15.81 12.23848 20.4214352 15.854
zion Zion NP West 15.56 12.044223 20.0972923 15.5625
From Table 

2-1

Ammonium 

sulfate

Ammonium 

nitrate

Organic 

carbon

Elemental 

carbon Soil

Coarse 

Mass

West conc. 0.12 0.1 0.47 0.02 0.5 3

East conc. 0.23 0.1 1.4 0.02 0.5 3

dry ext. eff. 3 3 4 10 1 0.6

Best 20% days concentrations

 Scaled from annual by (b_B20 - 10) / (b_Ann - 10) check

(Best-10) / 

(Avg-10)

Ammonium 

sulfate

Ammonium 

nitrate

Organic 

carbon

Elemental 

carbon Soil

Coarse 

Mass b

0.4016704 0.092 0.040 0.562 0.008 0.201 1.205 14.586

0.388268 0.047 0.039 0.182 0.008 0.194 1.165 12.277

0.4509511 0.054 0.045 0.212 0.009 0.225 1.353 13.248

0.3998381 0.048 0.040 0.188 0.008 0.200 1.200 12.426

0.3830498 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.149 12.228

0.3685077 0.044 0.037 0.173 0.007 0.184 1.106 12.044

0.4019589 0.048 0.040 0.189 0.008 0.201 1.206 12.459

0.3723302 0.045 0.037 0.175 0.007 0.186 1.117 12.090

0.3620715 0.043 0.036 0.170 0.007 0.181 1.086 11.980

0.3769301 0.045 0.038 0.177 0.008 0.188 1.131 12.140

0.4069222 0.049 0.041 0.191 0.008 0.203 1.221 12.490

0.3668203 0.044 0.037 0.172 0.007 0.183 1.100 12.030

0.3887338 0.089 0.039 0.544 0.008 0.194 1.166 14.236

0.4058896 0.093 0.041 0.568 0.008 0.203 1.218 14.691

0.3792065 0.046 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.190 1.138 12.178

0.3921533 0.090 0.039 0.549 0.008 0.196 1.176 14.328

0.3685077 0.044 0.037 0.173 0.007 0.184 1.106 12.054

0.4144485 0.050 0.041 0.195 0.008 0.207 1.243 12.590

0.3954345 0.091 0.040 0.554 0.008 0.198 1.186 14.410

0.3715017 0.045 0.037 0.175 0.007 0.186 1.115 12.060

0.3964724 0.091 0.040 0.555 0.008 0.198 1.189 14.448

0.3738179 0.045 0.037 0.176 0.007 0.187 1.121 12.106

0.4005688 0.048 0.040 0.188 0.008 0.200 1.202 12.446

0.3729939 0.045 0.037 0.175 0.007 0.186 1.119 12.103

0.4021143 0.092 0.040 0.563 0.008 0.201 1.206 14.607

0.3605436 0.043 0.036 0.169 0.007 0.180 1.082 11.968

0.3596711 0.043 0.036 0.169 0.007 0.180 1.079 11.963

0.4007438 0.092 0.040 0.561 0.008 0.200 1.202 14.568

0.4386258 0.053 0.044 0.206 0.009 0.219 1.316 12.959

0.3838358 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.152 12.230

0.3889317 0.047 0.039 0.183 0.008 0.194 1.167 12.292

0.4124402 0.049 0.041 0.194 0.008 0.206 1.237 12.482

0.3838358 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.152 12.228

0.4436125 0.053 0.044 0.208 0.009 0.222 1.331 12.992

0.3944961 0.091 0.039 0.552 0.008 0.197 1.183 14.390

0.3777386 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.133 12.159

0.4061624 0.049 0.041 0.191 0.008 0.203 1.218 12.623

0.3785435 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.136 12.160

0.3852806 0.046 0.039 0.181 0.008 0.193 1.156 12.238

0.3851594 0.089 0.039 0.539 0.008 0.193 1.155 14.098

0.3800071 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.190 1.140 12.183

0.3777386 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.133 12.155

0.3563668 0.043 0.036 0.167 0.007 0.178 1.069 11.945

0.3940608 0.047 0.039 0.185 0.008 0.197 1.182 12.339

0.4165 0.050 0.042 0.196 0.008 0.208 1.249 12.809
0.3644545 0.044 0.036 0.171 0.007 0.182 1.093 12.009

0.4264573 0.051 0.043 0.200 0.009 0.213 1.279 12.762

0.4467255 0.054 0.045 0.210 0.009 0.223 1.340 13.062

0.4472791 0.054 0.045 0.210 0.009 0.224 1.342 13.103

0.3644545 0.044 0.036 0.171 0.007 0.182 1.093 12.035

0.379345 0.046 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.190 1.138 12.187

0.3942665 0.091 0.039 0.552 0.008 0.197 1.183 14.371

0.3814676 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.191 1.144 12.200

0.4007438 0.092 0.040 0.561 0.008 0.200 1.202 14.578

0.3731551 0.045 0.037 0.175 0.007 0.187 1.119 12.104

0.3984417 0.048 0.040 0.187 0.008 0.199 1.195 12.400

0.4184973 0.050 0.042 0.197 0.008 0.209 1.255 12.657

0.4040669 0.048 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.212 12.414

0.3915655 0.090 0.039 0.548 0.008 0.196 1.175 14.322

0.3830498 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.149 12.211

0.3893265 0.090 0.039 0.545 0.008 0.195 1.168 14.303

0.3901529 0.090 0.039 0.546 0.008 0.195 1.170 14.293

0.3808042 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.190 1.142 12.194

0.3859448 0.046 0.039 0.181 0.008 0.193 1.158 12.244

0.3785435 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.136 12.166

0.4016704 0.092 0.040 0.562 0.008 0.201 1.205 14.589

0.3838358 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.152 12.232

0.4386258 0.053 0.044 0.206 0.009 0.219 1.316 12.968

0.3844987 0.046 0.038 0.181 0.008 0.192 1.153 12.234

0.3762676 0.045 0.038 0.177 0.008 0.188 1.129 12.136

0.402683 0.048 0.040 0.189 0.008 0.201 1.208 12.459

0.4198448 0.050 0.042 0.197 0.008 0.210 1.260 12.659

0.4005206 0.092 0.040 0.561 0.008 0.200 1.202 14.556

0.4047847 0.049 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.214 12.479

0.3903875 0.090 0.039 0.547 0.008 0.195 1.171 14.296

0.4055391 0.093 0.041 0.568 0.008 0.203 1.217 14.700

0.4348448 0.052 0.043 0.204 0.009 0.217 1.305 12.792

0.3777386 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.133 12.155

0.3603323 0.043 0.036 0.169 0.007 0.180 1.081 11.975

0.4012967 0.048 0.040 0.189 0.008 0.201 1.204 12.437

0.3800071 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.190 1.140 12.176

0.3915655 0.090 0.039 0.548 0.008 0.196 1.175 14.328

0.4103541 0.049 0.041 0.193 0.008 0.205 1.231 12.511

0.3859448 0.046 0.039 0.181 0.008 0.193 1.158 12.240

0.3964724 0.091 0.040 0.555 0.008 0.198 1.189 14.451

0.4442202 0.053 0.044 0.209 0.009 0.222 1.333 13.082

0.3644545 0.044 0.036 0.171 0.007 0.182 1.093 12.015

0.444262 0.053 0.044 0.209 0.009 0.222 1.333 13.036

0.4466789 0.054 0.045 0.210 0.009 0.223 1.340 13.163

0.4545904 0.055 0.045 0.214 0.009 0.227 1.364 13.334

0.4540062 0.054 0.045 0.213 0.009 0.227 1.362 13.215

0.3792065 0.046 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.190 1.138 12.164

0.4271097 0.051 0.043 0.201 0.009 0.214 1.281 12.881

0.379345 0.046 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.190 1.138 12.173

0.4442202 0.053 0.044 0.209 0.009 0.222 1.333 13.045

0.4013184 0.092 0.040 0.562 0.008 0.201 1.204 14.582

0.4527747 0.054 0.045 0.213 0.009 0.226 1.358 13.086

0.3954345 0.091 0.040 0.554 0.008 0.198 1.186 14.400

0.4436125 0.053 0.044 0.208 0.009 0.222 1.331 13.024

0.3746381 0.045 0.037 0.176 0.007 0.187 1.124 12.137
0.3668203 0.044 0.037 0.172 0.007 0.183 1.100 12.028

0.3605436 0.043 0.036 0.169 0.007 0.180 1.082 11.976

0.4061624 0.049 0.041 0.191 0.008 0.203 1.218 12.487

0.4110159 0.049 0.041 0.193 0.008 0.206 1.233 12.553

0.3950798 0.091 0.040 0.553 0.008 0.198 1.185 14.380

0.3916885 0.090 0.039 0.548 0.008 0.196 1.175 13.173

0.3785435 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.136 12.160

0.3852806 0.046 0.039 0.181 0.008 0.193 1.156 12.222

0.4473263 0.054 0.045 0.210 0.009 0.224 1.342 13.066

0.3754547 0.045 0.038 0.176 0.008 0.188 1.126 12.136

0.3964724 0.091 0.040 0.555 0.008 0.198 1.189 14.451

0.3507997 0.042 0.035 0.165 0.007 0.175 1.052 11.874

0.4044004 0.093 0.040 0.566 0.008 0.202 1.213 14.667

0.3685077 0.044 0.037 0.173 0.007 0.184 1.106 12.046

0.388268 0.047 0.039 0.182 0.008 0.194 1.165 12.288

0.3814676 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.191 1.144 12.189

0.3830498 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.149 12.198

0.3738179 0.045 0.037 0.176 0.007 0.187 1.121 12.106

0.3998381 0.048 0.040 0.188 0.008 0.200 1.200 12.442

0.3867225 0.046 0.039 0.182 0.008 0.193 1.160 12.262

0.4005688 0.048 0.040 0.188 0.008 0.200 1.202 12.451

0.4040669 0.048 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.212 12.452

0.3974066 0.091 0.040 0.556 0.008 0.199 1.192 14.468

0.3844987 0.046 0.038 0.181 0.008 0.192 1.153 12.234

0.3907431 0.090 0.039 0.547 0.008 0.195 1.172 14.306

0.4016704 0.092 0.040 0.562 0.008 0.201 1.205 14.582

0.361204 0.043 0.036 0.170 0.007 0.181 1.084 11.981

0.4610599 0.055 0.046 0.217 0.009 0.231 1.383 13.325

0.3982119 0.092 0.040 0.557 0.008 0.199 1.195 14.490

0.4040669 0.048 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.212 12.559

0.4198448 0.050 0.042 0.197 0.008 0.210 1.260 12.712

0.3563668 0.043 0.036 0.167 0.007 0.178 1.069 11.937

0.3893265 0.090 0.039 0.545 0.008 0.195 1.168 14.255

0.3653089 0.044 0.037 0.172 0.007 0.183 1.096 12.054

0.379345 0.046 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.190 1.138 12.187

0.402683 0.048 0.040 0.189 0.008 0.201 1.208 12.448

0.4034045 0.048 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.210 12.464

0.4515416 0.054 0.045 0.212 0.009 0.226 1.355 13.197

0.4316496 0.052 0.043 0.203 0.009 0.216 1.295 12.847

0.3896988 0.047 0.039 0.183 0.008 0.195 1.169 12.286

0.3925085 0.090 0.039 0.550 0.008 0.196 1.178 14.345

0.4040669 0.048 0.040 0.190 0.008 0.202 1.212 12.474

0.3819109 0.088 0.038 0.535 0.008 0.191 1.146 14.061

0.3800071 0.046 0.038 0.179 0.008 0.190 1.140 12.176

0.3769301 0.045 0.038 0.177 0.008 0.188 1.131 12.140

0.377077 0.045 0.038 0.177 0.008 0.189 1.131 12.151

0.3777386 0.045 0.038 0.178 0.008 0.189 1.133 12.155

0.3676659 0.044 0.037 0.173 0.007 0.184 1.103 12.041

0.3807013 0.088 0.038 0.533 0.008 0.190 1.142 14.045

0.3955576 0.047 0.040 0.186 0.008 0.198 1.187 12.361

0.4002976 0.092 0.040 0.560 0.008 0.200 1.201 14.570

0.3837136 0.046 0.038 0.180 0.008 0.192 1.151 12.212

0.4117473 0.049 0.041 0.194 0.008 0.206 1.235 12.644

0.3852806 0.046 0.039 0.181 0.008 0.193 1.156 12.238
0.3676659 0.044 0.037 0.173 0.007 0.184 1.103 12.045
Worst 20% days concentrations

 Scaled from annual by (b_W20 - 10) / (b_Ann - 10)

dv

b calc vs. 

table

(Worst-10) / 

(Avg-10)

Ammonium 

sulfate

Ammonium 

nitrate

Organic 

carbon

Elemental 

carbon Soil

3.775 0.05% 1.8793345 0.432 0.188 2.631 0.038 0.940

2.052 0.02% 1.7888723 0.215 0.179 0.841 0.036 0.894

2.812 0.73% 1.7090135 0.205 0.171 0.803 0.034 0.855

2.172 0.12% 1.7760109 0.213 0.178 0.835 0.036 0.888

2.011 0.11% 1.7959573 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

1.860 -0.10% 1.8131541 0.218 0.181 0.852 0.036 0.907

2.199 0.19% 1.7740604 0.213 0.177 0.834 0.035 0.887

1.898 -0.02% 1.811004 0.217 0.181 0.851 0.036 0.906

1.807 -0.03% 1.8242804 0.219 0.182 0.857 0.036 0.912

1.939 -0.01% 1.8061119 0.217 0.181 0.849 0.036 0.903

2.223 -0.17% 1.7626718 0.212 0.176 0.828 0.035 0.881

1.848 -0.02% 1.8189901 0.218 0.182 0.855 0.036 0.909

3.532 0.02% 1.898917 0.437 0.190 2.658 0.038 0.949

3.846 -0.04% 1.8735365 0.431 0.187 2.623 0.037 0.937

1.971 0.11% 1.8037256 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

3.596 -0.04% 1.8909243 0.435 0.189 2.647 0.038 0.945

1.868 -0.02% 1.8131541 0.218 0.181 0.852 0.036 0.907

2.303 -0.07% 1.757947 0.211 0.176 0.826 0.035 0.879

3.653 0.03% 1.8895488 0.435 0.189 2.645 0.038 0.945

1.873 -0.17% 1.8138705 0.218 0.181 0.853 0.036 0.907

3.680 0.00% 1.8843906 0.433 0.188 2.638 0.038 0.942

1.911 0.01% 1.8113731 0.217 0.181 0.851 0.036 0.906

2.188 0.18% 1.7735646 0.213 0.177 0.834 0.035 0.887

1.909 0.09% 1.8142322 0.218 0.181 0.853 0.036 0.907

3.789 -0.01% 1.8749848 0.431 0.187 2.625 0.037 0.937

1.796 -0.04% 1.8239615 0.219 0.182 0.857 0.036 0.912

1.792 0.02% 1.8269913 0.219 0.183 0.859 0.037 0.913

3.763 0.03% 1.8782269 0.432 0.188 2.630 0.038 0.939

2.592 0.02% 1.7239274 0.207 0.172 0.810 0.034 0.862

2.013 0.03% 1.79328 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

2.063 0.13% 1.7919302 0.215 0.179 0.842 0.036 0.896

2.217 -0.82% 1.7545958 0.211 0.175 0.825 0.035 0.877

2.011 0.01% 1.79328 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

2.618 -0.32% 1.7177451 0.206 0.172 0.807 0.034 0.859

3.639 -0.01% 1.8884582 0.434 0.189 2.644 0.038 0.944

1.955 0.05% 1.8033306 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

2.330 1.10% 1.7702574 0.212 0.177 0.832 0.035 0.885

1.955 -0.05% 1.8005723 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

2.020 0.00% 1.7937066 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

3.435 -0.35% 1.9030345 0.438 0.190 2.664 0.038 0.952

1.974 0.04% 1.8009743 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

1.952 0.02% 1.8033306 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

1.777 0.17% 1.8328372 0.220 0.183 0.861 0.037 0.916

2.102 0.02% 1.7850695 0.214 0.179 0.839 0.036 0.893

2.476 1.37% 1.7512621 0.210 0.175 0.823 0.035 0.876
1.831 0.01% 1.8216136 0.219 0.182 0.856 0.036 0.911

2.438 -0.02% 1.7434262 0.209 0.174 0.819 0.035 0.872

2.671 -0.09% 1.7172562 0.206 0.172 0.807 0.034 0.859

2.703 0.03% 1.7111682 0.205 0.171 0.804 0.034 0.856

1.853 0.23% 1.8216136 0.219 0.182 0.856 0.036 0.911

1.978 0.08% 1.7978367 0.216 0.180 0.845 0.036 0.899

3.626 -0.04% 1.8907691 0.435 0.189 2.647 0.038 0.945

1.988 0.08% 1.8013785 0.216 0.180 0.847 0.036 0.901

3.770 0.10% 1.8782269 0.432 0.188 2.630 0.038 0.939

1.910 0.00% 1.8081614 0.217 0.181 0.850 0.036 0.904

2.151 0.01% 1.7755227 0.213 0.178 0.834 0.036 0.888

2.356 0.06% 1.7545948 0.211 0.175 0.825 0.035 0.877

2.163 -0.37% 1.7721427 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

3.592 0.02% 1.8915534 0.435 0.189 2.648 0.038 0.946

1.997 -0.03% 1.7959573 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

3.579 0.39% 1.8982494 0.437 0.190 2.658 0.038 0.949

3.572 0.12% 1.8951991 0.436 0.190 2.653 0.038 0.948

1.983 0.03% 1.7982457 0.216 0.180 0.845 0.036 0.899

2.025 0.05% 1.7967992 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

1.961 0.01% 1.8005723 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

3.777 0.07% 1.8793345 0.432 0.188 2.631 0.038 0.940

2.015 0.05% 1.79328 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

2.599 0.09% 1.7239274 0.207 0.172 0.810 0.034 0.862

2.016 0.06% 1.7963772 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

1.936 -0.04% 1.8029377 0.216 0.180 0.847 0.036 0.901

2.199 0.09% 1.7716394 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

2.358 -0.12% 1.7502105 0.210 0.175 0.823 0.035 0.875

3.754 0.04% 1.880425 0.432 0.188 2.633 0.038 0.940

2.214 0.04% 1.7697466 0.212 0.177 0.832 0.035 0.885

3.574 0.04% 1.892827 0.435 0.189 2.650 0.038 0.946

3.853 0.03% 1.8719186 0.431 0.187 2.621 0.037 0.936

2.462 -0.77% 1.7310443 0.208 0.173 0.814 0.035 0.866

1.952 0.02% 1.8033306 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

1.802 0.12% 1.8303497 0.220 0.183 0.860 0.037 0.915

2.181 0.01% 1.7711377 0.213 0.177 0.832 0.035 0.886

1.969 -0.01% 1.8009743 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

3.596 0.06% 1.8915534 0.435 0.189 2.648 0.038 0.946

2.240 -0.30% 1.7614181 0.211 0.176 0.828 0.035 0.881

2.021 0.01% 1.7967992 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

3.682 0.02% 1.8843906 0.433 0.188 2.638 0.038 0.942

2.686 0.26% 1.7159092 0.206 0.172 0.806 0.034 0.858

1.836 0.06% 1.8216136 0.219 0.182 0.856 0.036 0.911

2.651 0.01% 1.7202601 0.206 0.172 0.809 0.034 0.860

2.748 0.58% 1.7129592 0.206 0.171 0.805 0.034 0.856

2.877 0.98% 1.7069453 0.205 0.171 0.802 0.034 0.853

2.787 0.17% 1.7086687 0.205 0.171 0.803 0.034 0.854

1.959 -0.01% 1.8037256 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

2.532 0.82% 1.74134 0.209 0.174 0.818 0.035 0.871

1.966 -0.04% 1.7978367 0.216 0.180 0.845 0.036 0.899

2.658 -0.02% 1.7159092 0.206 0.172 0.806 0.034 0.858

3.772 0.02% 1.8776874 0.432 0.188 2.629 0.038 0.939

2.690 -0.70% 1.7079687 0.205 0.171 0.803 0.034 0.854

3.647 -0.03% 1.8895488 0.435 0.189 2.645 0.038 0.945

2.642 -0.08% 1.7177451 0.206 0.172 0.807 0.034 0.859

1.937 0.17% 1.8085378 0.217 0.181 0.850 0.036 0.904
1.847 -0.03% 1.8189901 0.218 0.182 0.855 0.036 0.909

1.803 0.03% 1.8239615 0.219 0.182 0.857 0.036 0.912

2.221 0.01% 1.7702574 0.212 0.177 0.832 0.035 0.885

2.274 0.04% 1.7642591 0.212 0.176 0.829 0.035 0.882

3.633 -0.17% 1.8878542 0.434 0.189 2.643 0.038 0.944

2.756 -7.91% 1.8956311 0.436 0.190 2.654 0.038 0.948

1.955 -0.05% 1.8005723 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

2.006 -0.14% 1.7937066 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

2.675 -0.15% 1.7154418 0.206 0.172 0.806 0.034 0.858

1.936 0.06% 1.8057261 0.217 0.181 0.849 0.036 0.903

3.682 0.02% 1.8843906 0.433 0.188 2.638 0.038 0.942

1.718 -0.02% 1.8351197 0.220 0.184 0.863 0.037 0.918

3.830 0.00% 1.8729226 0.431 0.187 2.622 0.037 0.936

1.861 -0.09% 1.8131541 0.218 0.181 0.852 0.036 0.907

2.060 0.10% 1.7888723 0.215 0.179 0.841 0.036 0.894

1.980 0.00% 1.8013785 0.216 0.180 0.847 0.036 0.901

1.987 -0.13% 1.7959573 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

1.911 0.01% 1.8113731 0.217 0.181 0.851 0.036 0.906

2.185 0.25% 1.7760109 0.213 0.178 0.835 0.036 0.888

2.039 0.09% 1.7941352 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897

2.192 0.22% 1.7735646 0.213 0.177 0.834 0.035 0.887

2.193 -0.07% 1.7721427 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

3.694 0.04% 1.8854872 0.434 0.189 2.640 0.038 0.943

2.016 0.06% 1.7963772 0.216 0.180 0.844 0.036 0.898

3.581 0.11% 1.8945509 0.436 0.189 2.652 0.038 0.947

3.772 0.02% 1.8793345 0.432 0.188 2.631 0.038 0.940

1.808 0.08% 1.8273021 0.219 0.183 0.859 0.037 0.914

2.871 0.01% 1.6966942 0.204 0.170 0.797 0.034 0.848

3.709 -0.01% 1.8826624 0.433 0.188 2.636 0.038 0.941

2.278 0.79% 1.7721427 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

2.399 0.29% 1.7502105 0.210 0.175 0.823 0.035 0.875

1.771 0.11% 1.8328372 0.220 0.183 0.861 0.037 0.916

3.545 0.05% 1.8982494 0.437 0.190 2.658 0.038 0.949

1.868 0.28% 1.8186506 0.218 0.182 0.855 0.036 0.909

1.978 0.08% 1.7978367 0.216 0.180 0.845 0.036 0.899

2.190 0.00% 1.7716394 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

2.202 0.02% 1.7692376 0.212 0.177 0.832 0.035 0.885

2.774 0.24% 1.7072698 0.205 0.171 0.802 0.034 0.854

2.506 0.06% 1.7364089 0.208 0.174 0.816 0.035 0.868

2.058 -0.02% 1.7893159 0.215 0.179 0.841 0.036 0.895

3.608 0.08% 1.8926371 0.435 0.189 2.650 0.038 0.946

2.211 0.11% 1.7721427 0.213 0.177 0.833 0.035 0.886

3.408 -0.02% 1.9091406 0.439 0.191 2.673 0.038 0.955

1.969 -0.01% 1.8009743 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

1.939 -0.01% 1.8061119 0.217 0.181 0.849 0.036 0.903

1.949 -0.01% 1.8001724 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

1.952 0.02% 1.8033306 0.216 0.180 0.848 0.036 0.902

1.857 -0.03% 1.8160598 0.218 0.182 0.854 0.036 0.908

3.397 0.07% 1.9106311 0.439 0.191 2.675 0.038 0.955

2.120 0.00% 1.7800124 0.214 0.178 0.837 0.036 0.890

3.764 0.24% 1.8826374 0.433 0.188 2.636 0.038 0.941

1.999 -0.01% 1.7990699 0.216 0.180 0.846 0.036 0.900

2.346 0.56% 1.756852 0.211 0.176 0.826 0.035 0.878

2.020 0.00% 1.7937066 0.215 0.179 0.843 0.036 0.897
1.861 0.01% 1.8160598 0.218 0.182 0.854 0.036 0.908
check

Coarse 

Mass b dv

b calc vs. 

table

5.638 31.455 11.460 0.10%

5.367 20.492 7.174 0.04%

5.127 22.307 8.023 1.65%

5.328 20.778 7.313 0.33%

5.388 20.444 7.151 0.31%

5.439 20.056 6.959 -0.31%

5.322 20.854 7.349 0.50%

5.433 20.163 7.013 -0.07%

5.473 19.977 6.920 -0.10%

5.418 20.255 7.058 -0.02%

5.288 20.784 7.316 -0.44%

5.457 20.068 6.965 -0.05%

5.697 30.692 11.214 0.04%

5.621 31.652 11.522 -0.08%

5.411 20.361 7.110 0.30%

5.673 30.870 11.272 -0.08%

5.439 20.106 6.984 -0.06%

5.274 20.987 7.413 -0.17%

5.669 31.073 11.338 0.08%

5.442 20.060 6.961 -0.49%

5.653 31.140 11.359 -0.01%

5.434 20.205 7.034 0.04%

5.321 20.831 7.339 0.49%

5.443 20.231 7.046 0.27%

5.625 31.483 11.469 -0.01%

5.472 19.955 6.909 -0.11%

5.481 19.972 6.917 0.07%

5.635 31.412 11.446 0.06%

5.172 21.628 7.714 0.04%

5.380 20.419 7.139 0.09%

5.376 20.559 7.207 0.37%

5.264 20.561 7.208 -2.10%

5.380 20.409 7.134 0.04%

5.153 21.586 7.695 -0.75%

5.665 31.014 11.319 -0.01%

5.410 20.309 7.085 0.15%

5.311 21.434 7.624 2.88%

5.402 20.273 7.067 -0.13%

5.381 20.421 7.140 0.00%

5.709 30.250 11.069 -0.81%

5.403 20.345 7.102 0.12%

5.410 20.289 7.075 0.05%

5.499 20.004 6.933 0.53%

5.355 20.597 7.226 0.06%

5.254 21.812 7.799 3.45%
5.465 20.043 6.953 0.03%

5.230 21.290 7.556 -0.04%

5.152 21.772 7.780 -0.20%

5.134 21.871 7.826 0.06%

5.465 20.173 7.018 0.68%

5.394 20.366 7.113 0.23%

5.672 30.962 11.302 -0.08%

5.404 20.387 7.123 0.23%

5.635 31.458 11.461 0.21%

5.424 20.197 7.030 0.00%

5.327 20.697 7.274 0.04%

5.264 21.140 7.486 0.16%

5.316 20.589 7.222 -0.98%

5.675 30.877 11.274 0.04%

5.388 20.365 7.113 -0.07%

5.695 30.982 11.308 0.89%

5.686 30.855 11.267 0.27%

5.395 20.359 7.109 0.09%

5.390 20.449 7.154 0.14%

5.402 20.303 7.082 0.02%

5.638 31.471 11.465 0.15%

5.380 20.429 7.144 0.14%

5.172 21.666 7.732 0.22%

5.389 20.437 7.148 0.18%

5.409 20.237 7.049 -0.11%

5.315 20.819 7.333 0.23%

5.251 21.083 7.459 -0.31%

5.641 31.390 11.439 0.09%

5.309 20.837 7.341 0.11%

5.678 30.829 11.259 0.09%

5.616 31.695 11.536 0.06%

5.193 21.114 7.474 -1.85%

5.410 20.289 7.075 0.05%

5.491 20.030 6.947 0.37%

5.313 20.758 7.303 0.03%

5.403 20.315 7.088 -0.02%

5.675 30.908 11.284 0.14%

5.284 20.776 7.312 -0.77%

5.390 20.430 7.144 0.04%

5.653 31.156 11.364 0.04%

5.148 21.904 7.841 0.61%

5.465 20.073 6.968 0.18%

5.161 21.755 7.772 0.02%

5.139 22.129 7.943 1.34%

5.121 22.518 8.117 2.20%

5.126 22.098 7.929 0.39%

5.411 20.291 7.076 -0.04%

5.224 21.745 7.768 2.00%

5.394 20.297 7.079 -0.11%

5.148 21.763 7.776 -0.04%

5.633 31.437 11.454 0.04%

5.124 21.642 7.721 -1.58%

5.669 31.026 11.323 -0.07%

5.153 21.709 7.751 -0.19%

5.426 20.319 7.090 0.50%
5.457 20.058 6.960 -0.10%

5.472 19.995 6.929 0.09%

5.311 20.840 7.343 0.03%

5.293 20.959 7.400 0.10%

5.664 30.930 11.291 -0.39%

5.687 25.355 9.304 -17.77%

5.402 20.273 7.067 -0.13%

5.381 20.343 7.101 -0.39%

5.146 21.759 7.775 -0.35%

5.417 20.273 7.067 0.17%

5.653 31.156 11.364 0.04%

5.505 19.804 6.833 -0.07%

5.619 31.614 11.510 0.00%

5.439 20.066 6.964 -0.26%

5.367 20.541 7.198 0.28%

5.404 20.337 7.099 -0.01%

5.388 20.306 7.083 -0.37%

5.434 20.205 7.034 0.04%

5.328 20.846 7.346 0.66%

5.382 20.493 7.175 0.25%

5.321 20.851 7.348 0.58%

5.316 20.754 7.302 -0.18%

5.656 31.199 11.378 0.08%

5.389 20.437 7.148 0.18%

5.684 30.879 11.275 0.25%

5.638 31.440 11.455 0.05%

5.482 20.024 6.943 0.23%

5.090 22.237 7.992 0.02%

5.648 31.229 11.388 -0.02%

5.316 21.222 7.525 2.07%

5.251 21.305 7.563 0.74%

5.499 19.963 6.913 0.33%

5.695 30.747 11.232 0.12%

5.456 20.226 7.044 0.84%

5.394 20.366 7.113 0.23%

5.315 20.771 7.310 0.00%

5.308 20.805 7.326 0.06%

5.122 22.088 7.925 0.55%

5.209 21.454 7.633 0.13%

5.368 20.494 7.176 -0.04%

5.678 30.951 11.298 0.18%

5.316 20.852 7.349 0.29%

5.727 30.299 11.085 -0.05%

5.403 20.315 7.088 -0.02%

5.418 20.255 7.058 -0.02%

5.401 20.271 7.066 -0.04%

5.410 20.289 7.075 0.05%

5.448 20.082 6.972 -0.08%

5.732 30.300 11.085 0.15%

5.340 20.626 7.240 0.00%

5.648 31.493 11.472 0.52%

5.397 20.373 7.116 -0.04%

5.271 21.280 7.552 1.43%

5.381 20.421 7.140 0.00%
5.448 20.102 6.982 0.02%
Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Workgroup (FLAG) Phase I Report (December 2000), U.S. Forest Service, 

http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Permits/flag/

http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Pubs/pdf/flag/FlagFinal.pdf

Particulate Aerosol Component

East (μg/m3) West (μg/m3)

Sulfates (as ammonium sulfate) 0.2 0.1

Ammonium Nitrate 0.1 0.1

Organics 1.5 0.5

Elemental Carbon 0.02 0.02

Soil Dust 0.5 0.5

Coarse 3.0 3.0

Taken from NAPAP 1990. West refers to those States beyond the first tier of States west of the

Mississippi River.

Table 2.B-2 Estimated Annual Average Natural Background Levels of Aerosols

Annual Average Concentration
2000), U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service
not a complete list of IMPROVE sites

Class I area abbreviation --> area name, IMPROVE site code & name IMPROVE site code --> site name, Class I ar

abbr Class I Area Site Name Code Site St Code Site Name

acad Acadia Acadia ACAD1 ME ACAD1 Acadia

agti Agua Tibia Agua Tibia AGTI1 CA AGTI1 Agua Tibia

alla Alpine Lakes Snoqualmie Pass SNPA1 WA BADL1 Badlands

anac Anaconda - Pintler Sula SULA1 MT BALD1 Mount Baldy

anad Ansel Adams Kaiser KAIS1 CA BAND1 Bandelier

arch Arches Canyonlands CANY1 UT BIBE1 Big Bend

badl Badlands Badlands BADL1 SD BLIS1 Bliss

band Bandelier Bandelier BAND1 NM BLIS1 Bliss

bese Bering Sea (a) AK BOAP1 Bosque del Apache

bibe Big Bend Big Bend BIBE1 TX BOWA1 Boundary Waters

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison Weminuche WEMI1 CO BRCA1 Bryce Canyon

boma Bob Marshall Monture MONT1 MT BRET1 Breton

bosq Bosque del Apache Bosque del ApacheBOAP1 NM BRID1 Bridger

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area Boundary Waters BOWA1 MN BRID1 Bridger

brca Bryce Canyon Bryce Canyon BRCA1 UT BRIG1 Brigantine

bret Breton Breton BRET1 LA CABI1 Cabinet Mountains

brid Bridger Bridger BRID1 WY CACR1 Caney Creek

brig Brigantine Brigantine BRIG1 NJ CANY1 Canyonlands

cacr Caney Creek Caney Creek CACR1 AR CANY1 Canyonlands

camo Cabinet Mountains Cabinet MountainsCABI1 MT CAPI1 Capitol Reef

cany Canyonlands Canyonlands CANY1 UT CHAS1 Chassahowitzka

cape Cape Romain Cape Romain ROMA1 SC CHIR1 Chiricahua

care Capitol Reef Capitol Reef CAPI1 UT CHIR1 Chiricahua

cari Caribou Lassen Volcanic LAVO1 CA CHIR1 Chiricahua

cave Carlsbad Caverns Guadalupe Mountains GUMO1 TX COHU1 Cohutta

chas Chassahowitzka Chassahowitzka CHAS1 FL CRLA1 Crater Lake

chir Chiricahua NM Chiricahua CHIR1 AZ CRLA1 Crater Lake

chir Chiricahua W Chiricahua CHIR1 AZ CRLA1 Crater Lake

cohu Cohutta Cohutta COHU1 GA CRLA1 Crater Lake

crla Crater Lake Crater Lake CRLA1 OR CRMO1 Craters of the Moon

crmo Craters of the Moon Craters of the MoonCRMO1 ID DENA1 Denali

cuca Cucamonga San Gabriel SAGA1 CA DOME1 Dome Land

dena Denali Denali DENA1 AK DOSO1 Dolly Sods

deso Desolation Bliss BLIS1 CA DOSO1 Dolly Sods

dipe Diamond Peak Crater Lake CRLA1 OR EVER1 Everglades

dola Dome Land Dome Land DOME1 CA GAMO1 Gates of the Mountains

doso Dolly Sods Dolly Sods DOSO1 WV GICL1 Gila Cliffs

eaca Eagle Cap Starkey STAR1 OR GLAC1 Glacier

eane Eagles Nest White River WHRI1 CO GRCA2 Grand Canyon, Hance

emig Emigrant Yosemite YOSE1 CA GRGU1 Great Gulf

ever Everglades Everglades EVER1 FL GRGU1 Great Gulf

fitz Fitzpatrick Bridger BRID1 WY GRSA1 Great Sand Dunes

flto Flat Tops White River WHRI1 CO GRSM1 Great Smoky Mountains

gali Galiuro Chiricahua CHIR1 AZ GRSM1 Great Smoky Mountains
gamo Gates of the Mountains Gates of the Mountains GAMO1 MT GUMO1 Guadalupe Mountains

gemo Gearhart Mountain Crater Lake CRLA1 OR GUMO1 Guadalupe Mountains

gila Gila Gila Cliffs GICL1 NM HALE1 Haleakala

glac Glacier Glacier GLAC1 MT HAVO1 Hawaii Volcanoes

glpe Glacier Peak North Cascades NOCA1 WA HECA1 Hells Canyon

goro Goat Rocks White Pass WHPA1 WA HEGL1 Hercules - Glade

grca Grand Canyon Grand Canyon, Hance GRCA2 AZ HOOV1 Hoover

grgu Great Gulf Great Gulf GRGU1 NH IKBA1 Ike's Backbone

grsa Great Sand Dunes Great Sand DunesGRSA1 CO IKBA1 Ike's Backbone

grsm Great Smoky Mountains Great Smoky Mountains GRSM1 TN ISLE1 Isle Royale

grte Grand Teton Yellowstone YELL2 WY JARB1 Jarbidge

gumo Guadalupe Mountains Guadalupe Mountains GUMO1 TX JARI1 James River Face

hale Haleakala Haleakala HALE1 HI JOSH1 Joshua Tree

havo Hawaii Volcanoes Hawaii Volcanoes HAVO1 HI KAIS1 Kaiser

heca Hells Canyon Hells Canyon HECA1 OR KAIS1 Kaiser

herc Hercules - Glade Hercules - Glade HEGL1 MO KAIS1 Kaiser

hoov Hoover Hoover HOOV1 CA KALM1 Kalmiopsis

isro Isle Royale Isle Royale ISLE1 MI LABE1 Lava Beds

jarb Jarbidge Jarbidge JARB1 NV LABE1 Lava Beds

jari James River Face James River FaceJARI1 VA LAVO1 Lassen Volcanic

jomu John Muir Kaiser KAIS1 CA LAVO1 Lassen Volcanic

jotr Joshua Tree Joshua Tree JOSH1 CA LAVO1 Lassen Volcanic

joyc Joyce Kilmer - Slickrock Great Smoky Mountains GRSM1 TN LIGO1 Linville Gorge

kais Kaiser Kaiser KAIS1 CA LOST1 Lostwood

kalm Kalmiopsis Kalmiopsis KALM1 OR LYBR1 Lye Brook

kica Kings Canyon Sequoia SEQU1 CA MACA1 Mammoth Cave

labe Lava Beds Lava Beds LABE1 CA MELA1 Medicine Lake

laga La Garita Weminuche WEMI1 CO MEVE1 Mesa Verde

lavo Lassen Volcanic Lassen Volcanic LAVO1 CA MING1 Mingo

ligo Linville Gorge Linville Gorge LIGO1 NC MOHO1 Mount Hood

lost Lostwood Lostwood LOST1 ND MONT1 Monture

lybr Lye Brook Lye Brook LYBR1 VT MONT1 Monture

mabe Maroon Bells - SnowmassWhite River WHRI1 CO MONT1 Monture

maca Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave MACA1 KY MOOS1 Moosehorn

mamo Marble Mountain Trinity TRIN1 CA MOOS1 Moosehorn

maza Mazatzal Ike's Backbone IKBA1 AZ MORA1 Mount Rainier

medi Medicine Lake Medicine Lake MELA1 MT MOZI1 Mount Zirkel

meve Mesa Verde Mesa Verde MEVE1 CO MOZI1 Mount Zirkel

mimo Mission Mountains Monture MONT1 MT NOAB1 North Absoraka

ming Mingo Mingo MING1 MO NOAB1 North Absoraka

moad Mount Adams White Pass WHPA1 WA NOCA1 North Cascades

moba Mount Baldy Mount Baldy BALD1 AZ NOCA1 North Cascades

moho Mount Hood Mount Hood MOHO1 OR OKEF1 Okefenokee

moje Mount Jefferson Three Sisters THSI1 OR OKEF1 Okefenokee

moke Mokelumne Bliss BLIS1 CA OLYM1 Olympic

mola Mountain Lakes Crater Lake CRLA1 OR PASA1 Pasayten

moos Moosehorn Moosehorn MOOS1 ME PEFO1 Petrified Forest

mora Mount Rainier Mount Rainier MORA1 WA PINN1 Pinnacles

mowa Mount Washington Three Sisters THSI1 OR PINN1 Pinnacles

mozi Mount Zirkel Mount Zirkel MOZI1 CO PORE1 Point Reyes

noab North Absaroka North Absoraka NOAB1 WY RAFA1 San Rafael

noca North Cascades North Cascades NOCA1 WA REDW1 Redwood
okef Okefenokee Okefenokee OKEF1 GA ROMA1 Cape Romain

olym Olympic Olympic OLYM1 WA ROMO1 Rocky Mountain

otcr Otter Creek Dolly Sods DOSO1 WV SACR1 Salt Creek

pasa Pasayten Pasayten PASA1 WA SAGA1 San Gabriel

peco Pecos Wheeler Peak WHPE1 NM SAGA1 San Gabriel

pefo Petrified Forest Petrified Forest PEFO1 AZ SAGO1 San Gorgonio

pimo Pine Mountain Ike's Backbone IKBA1 AZ SAGO1 San Gorgonio

pinn Pinnacles Pinnacles PINN1 CA SAGU1 Saguaro

pore Point Reyes Point Reyes PORE1 CA SAMA1 Saint Marks

prra Presidential Range - Dry River Great Gulf GRGU1 NH SAPE1 San Pedro Parks

rala Rainbow Lake WI SAWT1 Sawtooth

rawa Rawah Mount Zirkel MOZI1 CO SENE1 Seney

redr Red Rock Lakes Yellowstone YELL2 WY SEQU1 Sequoia

redw Redwood Redwood REDW1 CA SEQU1 Sequoia

roca Roosevelt Campobello Moosehorn MOOS1 ME SHEN1 Shenandoah

romo Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain ROMO1 CO SHRO1 Shining Rock

sacr Salt Creek Salt Creek SACR1 NM SIAN1 Sierra Ancha

saga San Gabriel San Gabriel SAGA1 CA SIME1 Simeonof

sago San Gorgonio San Gorgonio SAGO1 CA SIPS1 Sipsey

sagu Saguaro Saguaro SAGU1 AZ SNPA1 Snoqualmie Pass

saja San Jacinto San Gorgonio SAGO1 CA STAR1 Starkey

sape San Pedro Parks San Pedro Parks SAPE1 NM STAR1 Starkey

sara San Rafael San Rafael RAFA1 CA SULA1 Sula

sawt Sawtooth Sawtooth SAWT1 ID SULA1 Sula

scap Scapegoat Monture MONT1 MT SWAN1 Swanquarter

selw Selway - Bitterroot Sula SULA1 MT SYCA1 Sycamore Canyon

sene Seney Seney SENE1 MI THRO1 Theodore Roosevelt

sequ Sequoia Sequoia SEQU1 CA THSI1 Three Sisters

shen Shenandoah Shenandoah SHEN1 VA THSI1 Three Sisters

shro Shining Rock Shining Rock SHRO1 NC THSI1 Three Sisters

sian Sierra Ancha Sierra Ancha SIAN1 AZ TONT1 Tonto

sime Simeonof Simeonof SIME1 AK TRIN1 Trinity

sips Sipsey Sipsey SIPS1 AL TRIN1 Trinity

sowa South Warner Lava Beds LABE1 CA TUXE1 Tuxedni

stma Saint Marks Saint Marks SAMA1 FL ULBE1 UL Bend

stmo Strawberry Mountain Starkey STAR1 OR UPBU1 Upper Buffalo

supe Superstition Tonto TONT1 AZ VIIS1 Virgin Islands

swan Swanquarter Swanquarter SWAN1 NC VOYA2 Voyageurs

syca Sycamore Canyon Sycamore CanyonSYCA1 AZ WEMI1 Weminuche

teto Teton Yellowstone YELL2 WY WEMI1 Weminuche

thla Thousand Lakes Lassen Volcanic LAVO1 CA WEMI1 Weminuche

thro Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt THRO1 ND WHIT1 White Mountain

thsi Three Sisters Three Sisters THSI1 OR WHPA1 White Pass

tuxe Tuxedni Tuxedni TUXE1 AK WHPA1 White Pass

ulbe UL Bend UL Bend ULBE1 MT WHPE1 Wheeler Peak

upbu Upper Buffalo Upper Buffalo UPBU1 AR WHPE1 Wheeler Peak

vent Ventana Pinnacles PINN1 CA WHRI1 White River

viis Virgin Islands (b) Virgin Islands VIIS1 VI WHRI1 White River

voya Voyageurs Voyageurs VOYA2 MN WHRI1 White River

wash Washakie North Absoraka NOAB1 WY WHRI1 White River

weel West Elk White River WHRI1 CO WICA1 Wind Cave

wemi Weminuche Weminuche WEMI1 CO WIMO1 Wichita Mountains
whmo White Mountain White Mountain WHIT1 NM YELL2 Yellowstone

whpe Wheeler Peak Wheeler Peak WHPE1 NM YELL2 Yellowstone

wica Wind Cave Wind Cave WICA1 SD YELL2 Yellowstone

wich Wichita Mountains Wichita MountainsWIMO1 OK YELL2 Yellowstone

wolf Wolf Island Okefenokee OKEF1 GA YOSE1 Yosemite

yell Yellowstone Yellowstone YELL2 WY YOSE1 Yosemite

yobo Yolla Bolly - Middle Eel Trinity TRIN1 CA ZION1 Zion

yose Yosemite Yosemite YOSE1 CA

zion Zion Zion ZION1 UT
e list of IMPROVE sites

e code --> site name, Class I area abbreviation & name

abbr Class I Area Site St

acad Acadia ME

agti Agua Tibia CA

badl Badlands SD

moba Mount Baldy AZ

band Bandelier NM

bibe Big Bend TX

deso Desolation CA

moke Mokelumne CA

bosq Bosque del Apache NM

bowa Boundary Waters Canoe Area MN

brca Bryce Canyon UT

bret Breton LA

brid Bridger WY

fitz Fitzpatrick WY

brig Brigantine NJ

camo Cabinet Mountains MT

cacr Caney Creek AR

arch Arches UT

cany Canyonlands UT

care Capitol Reef UT

chas Chassahowitzka FL

chir Chiricahua NM AZ

chir Chiricahua W AZ

gali Galiuro AZ

cohu Cohutta GA

crla Crater Lake OR

dipe Diamond Peak OR

gemo Gearhart Mountain OR

mola Mountain Lakes OR

crmo Craters of the Moon ID

dena Denali AK

dola Dome Land CA

doso Dolly Sods WV

otcr Otter Creek WV

ever Everglades FL

gamo Gates of the Mountains MT

gila Gila NM

glac Glacier MT

grca Grand Canyon AZ

grgu Great Gulf NH

prra Presidential Range - Dry River NH

grsa Great Sand Dunes CO

grsm Great Smoky Mountains TN

joyc Joyce Kilmer - Slickrock TN
cave Carlsbad Caverns TX

gumo Guadalupe Mountains TX

hale Haleakala HI

havo Hawaii Volcanoes HI

heca Hells Canyon OR

herc Hercules - Glade MO

hoov Hoover CA

maza Mazatzal AZ

pimo Pine Mountain AZ

isro Isle Royale MI

jarb Jarbidge NV

jari James River Face VA

jotr Joshua Tree CA

anad Ansel Adams CA

jomu John Muir CA

kais Kaiser CA

kalm Kalmiopsis OR

labe Lava Beds CA

sowa South Warner CA

cari Caribou CA

lavo Lassen Volcanic CA

thla Thousand Lakes CA

ligo Linville Gorge NC

lost Lostwood ND

lybr Lye Brook VT

maca Mammoth Cave KY

medi Medicine Lake MT

meve Mesa Verde CO

ming Mingo MO

moho Mount Hood OR

boma Bob Marshall MT

mimo Mission Mountains MT

scap Scapegoat MT

moos Moosehorn ME

roca Roosevelt Campobello ME

mora Mount Rainier WA

mozi Mount Zirkel CO

rawa Rawah CO

noab North Absaroka WY

wash Washakie WY

glpe Glacier Peak WA

noca North Cascades WA

okef Okefenokee GA

wolf Wolf Island GA

olym Olympic WA

pasa Pasayten WA

pefo Petrified Forest AZ

pinn Pinnacles CA

vent Ventana CA

pore Point Reyes CA

sara San Rafael CA

redw Redwood CA
cape Cape Romain SC

romo Rocky Mountain CO

sacr Salt Creek NM

cuca Cucamonga CA

saga San Gabriel CA

sago San Gorgonio CA

saja San Jacinto CA

sagu Saguaro AZ

stma Saint Marks FL

sape San Pedro Parks NM

sawt Sawtooth ID

sene Seney MI

kica Kings Canyon CA

sequ Sequoia CA

shen Shenandoah VA

shro Shining Rock NC

sian Sierra Ancha AZ

sime Simeonof AK

sips Sipsey AL

alla Alpine Lakes WA

eaca Eagle Cap OR

stmo Strawberry Mountain OR

anac Anaconda - Pintler MT

selw Selway - Bitterroot MT

swan Swanquarter NC

syca Sycamore Canyon AZ

thro Theodore Roosevelt ND

moje Mount Jefferson OR

mowa Mount Washington OR

thsi Three Sisters OR

supe Superstition AZ

mamo Marble Mountain CA

yobo Yolla Bolly - Middle Eel CA

tuxe Tuxedni AK

ulbe UL Bend MT

upbu Upper Buffalo AR

viis Virgin Islands (b) VI

voya Voyageurs MN

blca Black Canyon of the Gunnison CO

laga La Garita CO

wemi Weminuche CO

whmo White Mountain NM

goro Goat Rocks WA

moad Mount Adams WA

peco Pecos NM

whpe Wheeler Peak NM

eane Eagles Nest CO

flto Flat Tops CO

mabe Maroon Bells - SnowmassCO

weel West Elk CO

wica Wind Cave SD

wich Wichita Mountains OK
grte Grand Teton WY

redr Red Rock Lakes WY

teto Teton WY

yell Yellowstone WY

emig Emigrant CA

yose Yosemite CA

zion Zion UT

bese Bering Sea (a) AK

rala Rainbow Lake WI