Vital and

Health Statistics

Advance Data

From Vital and

Health Statistics:

Numbers 141–1 50

Series 16: Compilations of

Advance Data From Vital and

Health Statistics

No, 15

Data in this report from health surveys present statistics by age and other variables on

national hospital discharge; adults with noninsulin-dependent diabetes; discharges

from nursing homes; inventory of long-term care places; AIDS knowledge and

attitudes; and aging in the eighties, people living alone, The reports were originally

published in 1987 and 1988.

U.S, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsvllle, Maryland

April 1995

DHHS Publication No, (PHS) 95-1874
Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance data from vital and health

statistics: numbers 141–1 50. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health

Stat 16(15). 1995.
National Center for Health Statistics

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph. D., Acting Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph. D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph. D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Peter L. Hurley, Associate Director for Etal and Health

Statistics Systems

Robert A. Israel, Associate Director for International

Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for

Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for Data

Processing and Services

Monroe G. Sirken, Ph. D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology
Health Practices and Perceptions of U.S. Adults With NoninsuIin-Dependent Diabetes: Data From the 1985 National

Health Interview Survey of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 141

Discharges From Nursing Homes Preliminary Data From the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 142

The 1986 Inventory of Long-Term Care Places, An Overview of Facilities for the Mentally Retarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 143

Expected Principal Source of Payment for Hospital Discharges: United States, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 144

1986 Summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 145

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey United States,

August 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 146

Nursing and Related Care Homes as Reported From the 1986 Inventory of Long-Term Care Places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 147

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for September 1987 Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey . . . No. 148

Aging in the Eighties, People Living Alone— ‘l%o Years Later, Data From the 1984 and 1986 Longitudinal Study of

Aging Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 149

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes for October 1987 Provisional Data From the National Health Interview Survey . . . . . No. 150
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 141 ● September 23, 1987

HeaIth Practices and Perceptions of U.S. Adults

with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes:

Data From the 1985 National Health Interview Survey of

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

by Thomas F. Drury, Ph. D., Division of Epidemiology and Health Promotion,

and Ildy 1.Shannon, Office of Analysis and Epidemiology Program

Introduction

In recent years there have been notable attempts to summarize what is known about current and historical aspects

of the magnitude. severity. scope, sources, and impact of

diabetes mellitus as a public health problem in the United

States and in other countries.’4 But much still remains to

be clarified with regard to health practices and perceptions

bearing on the self-care of diabetes mellitus. A major reason

for this latter state of affairs has been the lack of appropriate

sets of measurements on representative samples of persons

with diabetes.

This report addresses selected aspects of these diabetes

data needs for the United States based on information obtained

through the 1985 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP) study. The

data presented were obtained from a subsample of persons

18 years of age and over. A brief description of the procedures

used in the 1985 NHIS, as well as in the HPDP study. is

given in the Technical notes section of this report.

Background

Proper care and management of diabetes are essential

for two reasons. No known cure for diabetes exists. and

many of the acute and long-term complications of diabetes

may be checked in varying degrees by appropriate treatment. 54

Prescriptions for such care generally include an ongoing relationship with the health care system. Depending on the

type and severity of diabetes and other patient characteristics,

selective use or an optimal mix of diet, exercise, and administration of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents constitute the

essentials of treatment. A high premium also is placed on

good health practices, the use of preventive health services,

and patient and family knowledge of the contribution of treatment modes to successful management of diabetes. Patient

knowledge is important because, aside from regular contacts

with a physician or other heaith care practitioners, health

care of diabetes is primarily self-care.

However, until recently relatively little effort had been

made to cull information describing these aspects of the management of diabetes from available national data resources.

In the late 1970’s, staff of the National Center for Health

Statistics had collaborated with staff of the then National

Institute of Arthritis. Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney

Diseases in a series of secondary analyses of data obtained

through NHIS between 1973 and 1978 for persons 20 years

of age and over with known diabetes. The results of those

anal yses were published in an article in Health. United Stares,

1981.7 That article described the utilization of health senices

(including the use of preventive health services) by adults

with known diabetes and highlighted their use of diet. medication, and exercise. as weil as their compliance with other

good health practices. This report extends those earlier

analyses.

Objective

The purpose of this report is twofold: ( 1) to provide

more current information on selected health practices and

perceptions of adults with known diabetes based on data obtained through the 1985 NHIS-HPDP study ~-y and (2) thereby

to stimulate further analysis of this data base by diabetes

researchers and by health care professionals with an interest

in diabetes care. Although the information is presented without

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PublicHealth Service
2

textual summarization or detailed analytical commentq, the

references cited in this introduction. in the footnotes to table 1, and in the Technical notes section of the report will

guide the reader wishing to make accurate use of the information presented. Articles published in the November–December

1986 and January-February 1987 issues of the journal Public

Health Reporrs are particularly helpful in locating the 1985

HPDP study’s data elements in the general context of the

Department of Health and Human Services’ 1990 ObjectIves

for the Nation. 1&20

Scope

Several aspects of the scope of this report require comment. First. “diabetes mellltus’” is a term which refers to

a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by glucose

intolerance. 21Generally, two major types of diabetes are distinguished: insulin-dependent diabetes and noninsulin-dependent

diabetes. Based on an analysis of information col]ected in

the [976 NHIS on the age of onset of diabetes, history of

medication use, and weight relative to height. it has been

estimated that the vast majority (more than 90 percent) of

adults with known diabetes, as ascertained through household

interview surveys, have noninsulin-dependent diabetes.22

Because national health sumeys, including NHIS. do not

oversimple insulin-dependent diabetics, national survey

respondents with known diabetes are mainly persons with

noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Persons with insulin-dependent

diabetes are included in the NHIS sample, but in such few

numbers as to have relatively little effect on the survey results.

It is not possible to routinely distinguish NHIS sample cases

with diabetes by the type of diabetes they have (the 1976

NHIS was an exception); therefore. users of the data presented

in this report should be cautious not to generalize the information presented here to insulin-dependent diabetics 18 years

of age and over. To emphasize this, the phrase “noninsulindependent diabetes” has been included in the title of this

report, although a small number of insulin-dependent diabetics

are included in the sample and in the results presented.

Because the 1985 HPDP study was not designed specifically as a survey of the health practices and perceptions of

persons with known diabetes. there are some obvious aspects

of their lifestyles with respect to health that are not included

in this report. Questions on medication use. for example,

were not asked in the 1985 HPDP study. Limited information

on this latter topic from earlier NHIS surveys has been previOUSIy published. 7.23

Despite this limitation of the data. the 1985 HPDP study

contains a wealth of information directly pertinent to a better

descriptive understanding of the management of noninsulindependent diabetes in the United States. The information in

the text table can be used to provide a current answer to

the following kinds of questions: To what extent do adults

with known diabetes practice what are generally considered

“good’” health practices? To what extent are adult diabetics

knowledgeable about things that may or may not affect their

chances of ~etting heart disease’? To what extent do persons

with diabetes experience stress in their lives. and to what

extent do they perceive such stress m have any effect on

their health? To what extent do they engage in exercise,

sports. or physically active hobbies. and what are the main

types of exercise in which they engage? How many diabetics

currently smoke cigarettes. and in what amounts? Are individuals with known diabetes aware of problems associated with

smoking? To what extent do diabetics make use of alcoholic

beverages. and to what extent are they aware of problems

associated with heavy alcohol drinking? What do diabetics

perceive to be the major ways of preventing tooth decay

and gum disease? What do they know about reasons for tooth

loss in adults? To what extent are they exposed on their

jobs to occupational health hazards: noxious substances, working conditions that could endanger their health. or the risk

of injury?

Because the responses to the 1985 HPDP study are presented in this report by diabetic status and age, readers also

may explore age variations in health practices and perceptions

among adult diabetics, as we]] as age-specific comparisons

between persons with and without known diabetes. Also. because diabetics as a group are much older than nondiabctics ,24

it is important to consider whether apparent differences between diabetics and nondiabetics may simply reflect differences in practices and perceptions associated with age.

Organization of text table

Information bearing on the aforementioned kinds of questions is shown in the text table. which presents the responses

to the HPDP questionnaire items in terms of estimated plercents

or percent distributions for all persons 18 years of age and

over for three age groups by whether or not the person has

known diabetes. Generally, except for the questions on knowledge of health practices where ‘“don’t know” is a legitimate

response, “don’t know” and other inappropriate responses were

excluded from the denominator in the calculation of the estimates. In most cases, the actual question asked of the respondent is shown along with the response categories. In a few

cases, there has been minor paraphrasing or combining of

questions. Each question is referenced to the item number

on the questionnaire.

The data in the table are organized into nine sections.

as follows:

. General health habits.

. Injury control and child safety and health.

. High blood pressure.

● c“----

●

●

●

●

●

aLlc>s.

Exercise.

Smoking.

Alcohol use.

Dental care.

Occupational safety and health.

Most of the questions on knowledge of heakh practices

have answers that currently are presumed to be correct (as

determined by the Public Health Service agency with “]ead”

responsibility). An earlier publication in this series established

the convention of highlighting these ‘“correct”’ answer

categories in boldface type:” this c~mventi~m has beeln continued here. However. it should hC noted that the special
AvmUxMa3

circumstances of persons with known diabetes were not

explicitly considered by “lead” agencies in determining what

a ‘“correct response” to a particular item on the 1985 HPDP

questiontmire might be.

In most instances this presents no difficulty. But in one

instance the boldface-type convention for indicating a “correct”

response to an HPDP question in the earlier report has been

removed in this report because there is no one correct answer

for persons with diabetes; that is the case of the characteristics

of exercise required for cardiovascular conditioning (items

R.7a. R.7b, and R.7c in the table). As is pointed out in

the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM ) Guidelines

for Exercise Testing md Pre.m-iprion,25 the development of

an exercise program for a person with diabetes has to be

done with consideration for a number of factors, including

the type of diabetes the person has, whether the person’s

diabetes is well controlled or not well controlled, the type

and amount of medication the person is taking, whether the

person is obese and thereby possibly at risk of orthopedic

injuries from weight-bearing activities, and whether the person

has any diabetic complications that require the avoidance of

excessive jarring or marked increases in blood pressure. The

extent to which diabetics’ perceptions and ACSM guidelines

are consistent with respect to prudent exercise behavior for

persons with these different types of diabetes is a topic that

further analysis of the 1985 HPDP data base might be able

to elucidate. However. because such an analysis would require

more fine-grained tabulations than are presented in this report.

the “correct” answer categories that appeared in the earlier

publication for items R.7a–R.7c have been removed.

Related publications, research opportunities, and

public use data tapes

For some questions in the text table, references me provided to selected publications that present related data, at

least for the general population. from previous data collection

by the National Center for Health Statistics. In certain instances, data from these earlier reports can be tabulated by

diabetic status by matching NHIS public use computer records

containing the information about health practices with the

NHIS public use computer records containing information

about diabetes conditions.

Further analysis of the information presented in this report

by diabetic status can be accomplished more directly because

the 1985 HPDP study questionnaire included an item on

whether or not the respondent had known diabetes. A number

of strategic research issues can be pursued with these 1985

HPDP study data. including claritlcation of patterns of exercise

participation among persons with known diabetes. Readers

interested in this area of research are encouraged to consult

the growing body of literature on this topic.2+3 ] Discussions

in the journal literature of the role of exercise in the management of diabetes generally have been written carefully so

as to treat this topic in the context of the type of diabetes,

medical complications. and other characteristics a person may

have. Many important issues that need to be studied better

in the laboratory and in the general population also have

been highlighted in recent state-of-the-art reviews of the role

of exercise in the management of rmninsulin-dependent diabetes.32 including the Consensus Statement resulting from

a recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Development

Conference. “Diet and Exercise in Noninsulin-Dependent

Diabetes Mellitus.”13

Information regarding the purchase of the public use data

tapes for the 1985 NHIS–HPDP study can be obtained by

contacting Dr. Owen T. Thomberry. Director. Division of

Health Interview Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics. Room 244.3700 East-West Highway. Hyattsville, ,Md.

20782 (telephone: (30 I )436-70851.
4 achfamedata

Table i. Estimates of the percent Of Porwlation with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: IJnitedStates, lg85

(Data are based on household interviews of the Civilian noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. ]

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetic

and

i tern

number Health behaviors and knowledge

18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

years years years years years years years years

N.1.

N.2.

N.3.

N.5.

N.6.

N.7.

N.8.

N.9.

N.ID.

N.11.

N.15.

Total .............................................................

GENERAL HEALTH HABITS

How often do you eat breakfast?l

Almost every day ................................................

Sometimes .......................................................

Rarely or never.................................................

Including evening snacks, how often do you eat between meals?l

Almost every day................................................

Scmetimes.. .....................................................

Rarely or never.................................................

When you visit a doctor or other health professional for

routine care, is eating proper foods discussed?

Often ...........................................................

Sometimes. ......................................................

Rarely or never.................................................

Oon’t visit for routine care. ...................................

In your opinion which of these are the two best ways to lose

weight?

Oon’t eat at bedtime............................................

Eat fewer calories ..............................................

Take diet pills.................................................

Increase physical activity ......................................

Eat no fat......................................................

Eatgrapefrui twith each meal..... ..............................

Don’t know......................................................

Are you now trying to lose wefght?2 (Yes).........................

Are you eating fewer calories to lose weight?2 (Persons trying

to lose weight (yes) in N.6) (Yes)................................

Have you increasedyour physical activity to lose wefght?z

(Persons trying to lose weight (yes) In N.6) (Yes)................

Do you consider yourself overweight, underweight, or just

about right? [If ovenveight) )Iou1d you say you are very

overweight, somewhat overweight, or only a little overweight?Z,3

Very overweight.................................................

Scmewhat ovenveight.............................................

Only a little overweight........................................

About right.....................................................

Underweight .....................................................

Dn the average, how many hours of sleep do you get in a

24-hour period?I

Less than 7 hours...............................................

7-8 hours.......................................................

9or more hours.................................................

Is there a particular clinic, health center, doctor’s office,

or other place that you usually go to if you are sick or need

advice about your health?4 (Yes)..................................

About how lona has it been since you had a PaD smear

test?5 (Femal& only)

,–

Less than l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 year ..........................................................

2 years. .

3-4years II II II II II II II II II I~IIII; I ;IIIIII II II I; II II II II II II III;

5or more years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

100

79

:!

39

26

36

38

23

37

2

31

77

1

::

6

11

42

86

37

;;

;;

4

22

60

18

95

32

17

13

10

17

10

100

59

17

23

42

27

31

48

21

30

2

25

75

2

71

14

4

9

39

86

55

;;

12

42

4

21

71

8

93

52

23

14

4

7

2

Percent of population

100

75

13

12

42

::

39

25

33

3

%

5i

17

6

1

53

89

35

22

22

22

30

4

25

58

17

94

31

18

14

12

21

5

100

92

:

34

26

40

33

23

44

1

30

76

2

47

26

6

14

32

80

31

::

18

46

4

;:

23

97

27

13

12

10

18

19

100

54

21

25

39

33

28

8

;:

10

29

74

2

74

11

4

6

35

80

58

8

;:

49

6

22

66

12

77

46

17

10

7

11

7

100

44

26

30

42

35

23

8

16

66

10

28

73

8:

8

4

3

36

79

64

7

x

51

6

22

67

11

73

55

19

8

6

5

7

100

62

u

%

32

10

15

64

10

%

6;

12

5

6

39

83

51

;:

:;

3

22

68

10

83

38

17

13

10

18

4

100

86

6

8

30

27

43

9

15

67

9

32

73

1

::

5

15

24

83

41

6

:?

52

8

20

59

20

88

25

13

12

10

26

14
advmeMa5

Table 1. Estimates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 Matlonal Health Interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: Uni ted States, 1985--Con.

(Oata are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutional ized population. The survey deslgn, general

qualifications, and information on the reliabi1ity of the estimates are given in technical notes. 1

Section

Oiabetic Nondiabetic

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number Health behaviors’ and knowledge years years years years years years years years

N.16a.

N.16b.

N.16C.

O.la.

O.lb.

0.3.

0.4.

0.10.

0.12a.

0.13.

0.14.

GENERAL HEALTH HAE ITS--Con.

About how long has it been since you had a breast examination

by a doctor or other health professional?5 (Females only)

Less than lyear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5or more years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

Oo you know how to examine your own breasts for

lumps? (Females only) (Yes].......................................

About how many times a year do you examine your own breasts

for lumps? (Females only)

120r more times ................................................

7-11 times ......................................................

2-6 times .......................................................

Once a year .....................................................

Never ...........................................................

Don’t know how to examine own breast ............................

INJURY CONTROL ANO CHILO SAFETY ANO HEALTH

Have you ever heard about Poison Control Centers? (Persons in

families with children under 10 years of age) (Yes)...............

Oo you have the telephone number for a Poison Control Center

in your area? (Persons in fami1ies with children under 10 years

of age) (Yes)....................................................-

Have you heard about chfld safety seats, sometimes called car

safety carriers, which are designed to carry children while

they are riding in a car? (Persons in families with children

under 5 years of age) (Yes).......................................

Oid a doctor or other health professional ever tel1 you about

the importance of using car safety seats for your children?

(Persons in families with children under 5 years of age) (Yes)....

When driving or riding in a car, do you wear a seat belt3--

All or most of the time .........................................

Some of the time................................................

Once in awhile ..................................................

Never ...........................................................

Don’t ride in car ...............................................

Ooes this home have any working smoke detectors? (8ased on

Items O.lla.-c.) (Yes)............................................

Oo you know about what the hot water temperature is in this

hune? (Yes).......................................................

In the past 12 months, have you (or has anyone in your household)

used a thermometer to test the temperature of the hot water here?

(Yes).............................................................

Above what temperature wi11 hot water cause seald injuries?

127degrees or less .............................................

128-139 degrees (can produce burns in less than a minute ).......

140 degrees or above (can produce burns in 5 seconds or less )...

Oon’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44

18

10

1!

10

82

35

Percent of population

43

20

11

::

6

83

37

3:

2

1:

40

14

10

1!

15

76

29

3:

3

;:

51

18

10

7

8

7

87

32

2

34

5

H

56

19

8

6

4

7

89

31

3:

5

;?

45

18

12

1:

5

90

37

3:

4

13

11

39

i4

10

8

H

78

29

2:

::

25

83 92 58 92 88 89 78 63

52 64 24 64 61 62 49 32

99 100 96 100 98 98 97 38

38 46 25 31 45 46 33 19

54 61 52 53 60 61 61 57

36 38 39 32 36 33 46 :5

3 5 2 2 4 4 4 3

See footnotes at end of table.
6 advamedata

Table 1. Estimates of the percent of POPU1ation with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Heal th Interview

Survey Questionnal re on Hea Ith Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general

quaIificatlons, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Diabetic Nondiabetic

Section

and

ftem 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number Health behaviors and knowledge years years years years years years years years

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Percent of population

P.1. I am going to read a list of things which may or may not

affect a person’s chances of getting heart disease. After I

read each one, tell me if you think it definitely increases,

probably increases, probably does not, or definitely does not

increase a person’s chances of getting heart disease.

Cigarette smoking

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Ooes not increase.............................................

Probably does not increase..................................

Definitely does not increase................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Worry or anxiety

IKreases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

High blood pressure

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Prubably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Oiabetes

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Prubably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase................................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Being very ovenveight

Increases. ....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Overwork

Increases.....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase.............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ t know/No opinion .........................................

Drinking coffee with caffeine

Increases.....................................................

Definitely increases........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not fncrease .............................................

Probably does not increase..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

84

62

23

5

d

85

64

22

4

3

0

11

81

57

23

6

4

2

14

91

67

24

4

3

94

70

24

3

2

82

5q

24

5

3

i 1

4

1

5

2

11 13

83

43

41

i

3

10

87

43

44

8

7

1

6

79

38

41

7

4

3

14

85

40

45

8

6

2

7

85

38

46

10

8

2

6

88

45

43

6

5

:

81

38

42

6

5

2

13

90

67

23

2

2

:

93

68

25

4

93

71

22

:

0

6

86

61

24

3

2

1;

92

69

23

3

2

:

94 92

72 70

22 22

2 3

2 2

1

85

59

26

3

2

1;

3

0

4 4

74

48

26

8

5

1:

76

52

24

i2

9

1:

77

52

25

i’

4

69

42

27

f’

2:

65

33

32

10

8

2;

58

31

27

lD

;

32

47

24

23

9

6

4:

91

69

22

3

2

1

7

94

75

19

1

1

93

74

19

2

1

87

61

26

4

:

9

94

70

24

2

1

95

72

23

2

1

:

94

70

24

2

2

1

4

87

60

27

2

1

1:

1

5

1

5

1

4

63

31

32

21

14

7

15

71

35

42

;:

3

9

67

34

32

20

13

7

14

55

26

28

26

18

9

19

72

31

41

i:

6

9

78

33

44

16

12

4

6

67

31

36

24

16

8

9

58

25

33

24

16

8

18

48 51 48 47 43

::

28

19

9

29

::

27

23

5

22

;;

27

19

8

25

29

23

6

19 17

See footnotes at end of table.
adwme&a7

Table I. Estimates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetic

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+

number

18-44 45-64 65+

Heal th behaviors and knowledge years years years years years years years years

P.1.

P.2.

P.3.

P.12a.

P.12b.

P.14.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE--Con. Percent of population

I am going to read a list of things which may or may not

affect a person’s chances of getting heart disease. After I

read each one, tell me if you think it definitely increases,

probably increases, probably does not, or definitely does not

increase a person’s chances of getting heart disease.--Con.

Eating a diet high in animal fat

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not 1ncrease ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ t know/No opinion .........................................

Fami1y history of heart disease

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ t know/No opinion .........................................

High cholesterol

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ t know/No opinion .........................................

The following conditions are related to having a stroke. In

your opinion, which of these conditions most increases a

person’s chances of having a stroke?

Diabetes ........................................................

High blwdpmssure .............................................

High cholesterol ................................................

Don’ t know ...................!..................................

Which one of the following substances in food is most often

associated with high blood pressure?

SOdim (or salt) ................................................

Cholesterol .....................................................

Sugar ...........................................................

Don’ t know ......................................................

About how 1ong has it been since you last had your blood

pressure taken by a doctor or other health professional ?2,3

Less than 6mnths ..............................................

6-11 months .....................................................

12 months to 23 months ..........................................

24 months and over ..............................................

8100d pressure is usually given as one number over another.

Were you told what your blood pressure was, in numbers? [Persons

with blood pressure checked within 24 months in 12a) (Yes) ........

Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health

professional that you had high cholesterol? (Yes).................

85 80 75 81 81 83 77

:: 43 51 38 42 41 45 41

35 42 29 38 39 40 3; 36

4 4 6 8 9 6

: 3 3 5

1 1 1 1 ; ; ? ;

16 11 16 19 11 11 10 17

79 87 81 73 84 :; :; 71

48 57 54 38 49 39

31 31 27 35 35 36 33 32

9 6 8 11 8 7 8 12

6 4 5 5 4 57

2 : 3

1! 6 1; 16 : 6 : 1?

83 89 84 80 87 ;; 88 77

54 58 48 58 49

29 31 % 32 :: 34 30 25

4 5 3 4 4 4 45

2 3 2 2 3 3 33

1 2 2 1 1 i

13 7 1: 16 ; 7 8 18

7 4 5 33

7; 7: 7! 70 78 77 81 76

13 10 15 12 12 13 10 ];

9 6 7 11 6 5 6

67 60 51 59 60 62 51

;: 23 24 22 25 26 2; 24

10 4 9 14 9 9 10

9 6 7 12 8 6 8 15

83 72 81 90 55 50 59 70

10 14 11 8 18 20 15 13

4 11 I 14 16 13 8

2 3 : 1 13 14 12 9

66 69 66 64 68 67 71 67

16 12 20 14 5 2 8 10

See footnotes at end of table.
8 advmcedata

Tabie 1. Estimates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetic

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ la+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number Health behaviors and know]edge years years years years years years years years

Q.1.

Q.2.

Q.3a.

Q.3b.

Q.4.

R.2a.

R.3.

R.4.

R.5a.

R.7a.

R.lb.

STRESS

During the past 2 weeks, WOU1 d you say that You experienced a

lot of stress, a moderate amount of stress, relatively little

stress, or almost no stress at all?

Alot of stress.................................................

Anwderate amount of stress.. ...................................

Relative ly little stress........................................

Almost none .....................................................

Don’tknow what stress is.......................................

In the east Year. how much effect has stress had on your health?

PI lot:..... ......................................................

some ............................................................

Hardly any or none.,............................................

Don’ tknow what stress is .......................................

In the past year, did you think about seeking help for any

personal or emotional problems from family or friends? (Yes)......

In the past year, did you think about seeking help for any

personal or emotional problems from a helping professional or a

self-help group? (Yes)............................................

Did you actually seek any help? (Yes) From whom did you seek

help?

Family or friends ...............................................

Professional or self help group .................................

EXERCISE

In the past 2 weeks, have you done any of the following

exercises, sports, or physically active hobbies6--

h’alking for exercise ............................................

Jogging or running..............................................

Calisthenics or general exercise ................................

Biking ..........................................................

Swimning or water exercises .....................................

Do you exercise or play sports regularly? (Yes)...................

For how long have you exercised or played sports regularly?

Less than lyear ................................................

l-2 years .......................................................

3-4 years .......................................................

5or more years .................................................

Do not exercise regularly.......................................

Nould you say that you are physically more active, less active,

or about as active as other persons your age?l.3 Is that [a lot

more or a little more/a lot less or a little less) active?

A lot more ......................................................

A little more ...................................................

About as active...........,.. ...................................

Ale: less......................................................

A little less ................................

How many days a week do you think a person shou’

to strengthen the heart and 1ungs?

Less than 3 days .............................

3-4 days.....................................

5days or more ...............................

Don(t know...................................

. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

d exercise

..................

..................

..................

..................

For how many minutes do you think a person should exercise

on each occasion so that the heart and lungs are

stren~thened?

Less than 15 minutes............................................

15 tc 25 minutes ................................................

More than 25 minutes......,.. ...................................

Don’ t know......................................................

See footnotes at end of table.

Percent of population

20 29 24 12 20 23 19 11

22 25 31 30 18

20 ;: :: 23 i

34 15 :: 45 25 19 :: ::

4 2 3 6 2 1 24

50 35 47 60 55 52 56 66

1- 1 1 1 0 11

10 22 10 5 15 20 94

9 2D 11 4 11 14 84

40 50 40 36 42 42 41 42

12 2

1: 19 18 ;: ;: 1: 1!

7 17 : 4 11 13 86

3 8 2 1 10 13 63

26 41 21 24 41 47 32 30

4 3 3 6

23 4: 23

7 43

41 50 32 17

43 33 46 ~: 38 34 44 46

30 14 28 38 15 8 20 34

11

:: 2: 2:

7

2: 2i 23 2:

34 54 ; 53 62 45 29

36 17 :: 45 18 10 25 42
ammdata9

Table 1. Estimates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Oisease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetic

and

itern

number

18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+

Heal th behaviors and knowledge

18-44 45-64 65+

years years years years years years years years

EXERCISE--Con.

R.7c. During those (number in 7b) minutes, how fast do YOU think

a Derson’s heart rate and breathing should be to strengthen

S.3.

S.4.

the heart and 1ungs? Do you think-that the heart and

breathing rate should be--

No faster than usual ............................................

A little faster than usual ......................................

A lot faster but talking is possible ............................

So fast that talking is not possible ............................

Don’t know ......................................................

SMOKING

Cigarette smoking status (Based on Items S.1-3]

Never ...........................................................

Former ..........................................................

Current (Includes unknown amount smoked) .......................-

Less than 15..................................................

15-24 .........-...............................................

25 and over ...................................................

On the average, about how many cigarettes a day do you now

smoke?7 (Current smokers)

Less than 15 ....................................................

15-24 ...........................................................

25 and over .....................................................

Tell me if you think cigarette smoking definitely increases,

probably increases, probably does not, or definitely does

not increase a person’s chances of getting the following

problems?

Emphysema

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Ooes not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Oon’t know/No opinion .........................................

Bladder cancer

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Ooes not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Oon’t know/No opinion .........................................

Cancer of the 1arynx or voice box

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

00+2snot increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Oon'tknow/No opinion .........................................

Cataracts

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don't know/No opinion .........................................

See footnotes at end of table.

7

42

18

3:

44

%

8

7

7

34

34

32

88

72

16

2

1

li

34

;;

19

12

4;

81

50

31

4

2

1:

16

5

::

16

17

52

5

44

35

Ii

42

:;

10

16

11

26

44

30

86

69

17

4

:

10

29

2!

32

19

:

82

z

5

3

1;

18

3

15

42

:;

40

Percent of population

7

43

19

3:

35

37

28

10

1;

37

26

37

89

75

15

2

1

:

34

16

19

18

12

6

48

83

52

31

3

1

1:

15

6

3:

17

17

51

9

41

10

0

40

55

34

11

4

4

2

41

40

19

B6

70

16

2

2

1:

36

;:

15

9

6

49

78

46

33

5

3

1;

16

5

:;

13

14

57

3

45

35

1:

46

24

30

1:

8

::

26

91

73

18

2

1

;

35

::

25

18

3;

88

56

32

:

:

16

4

i:

22

20

42

2

45

43

:

48

::

11

14

8

33

42

26

92

74

18

2

1

;

38

X

29

21

3:

91

::

3

2

:

lB

1!

47

::

35

3

46

29

2;

37

30

32

1!

10

27

43

31

92

75

17

2

1

:

34

X

22

14

4:

87

55

32

3

2

1:

13

4

9

40

;?

47

7

45

12

0

36

49

34

16

6

7

3

3a

43

19

87

71

16

2

1

Ii

31

12

19

14

9

5;

76

47

30

4

2

2

20

12

:

30

14

15

59
10 advancedda

Table i. Estimates of the percent of POPU1 ation with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Ouesti onnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 19E5--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninsti tutionalized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. ]

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetic

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number Health behaviors and knowledge years years years years years years years years

SMDKING--Con.

S.4. Tell me if you think cigarette smoking definitely increases,

probably increases, probably does not, or definitely does

not increase a person’s chances of getting the following

proble+ns?--Cofi.

Cancer of the esophagus

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Chronic bronchitis

Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Gallstones

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Dms not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definite lydoes not increase.. ..............................

Don't know/No opinion .........................................

Lung cancer

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’tknow/No opinion........,.. ..............................

S.4. Does cigarette smoking during pregnancy definitely increase,

probably increase, probably not or definitely not increase

the chances of--(Persons under 45 years of age)

Miscarriage

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase.. ..............................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Stillbirth

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Premature birth

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase.. ..............................

Don’t know/No opinion .........................................

See footnotes at end of table.

73

36

37

7

4

2;

80

49

30

5

3

1:

11

4

7

36

14

:$

89

72

17

3

2

:

74

:;

8

4

1:

::

43

11

5

5

21

70

29

41

9

:

21

75

34

41

11

7

1:

88

x

:

2

7

9

2

7

49

21

%

94

75

19

2

0

2

4

74

34

40

8

4

1:

68

::

11

;

21

70

29

41

9

5

2;

Percent of population

74

39

35

6

3

2;

80

50

30

:

2

16

11

5

3:

E

52

90

73

17

2

1

;

71

34

37

6

4

2:

76

46

30

:

2

18

12

4

8

30

1;

58

86

69

17

4

3

11

-

-

80

43

37

6

4

2

14

87

54

32

:

2

9

11

3

4:

23

23

43

95

80

15

1

i

4

74

35

39

12

9

3

14

65

28

37

14

11

2:

70

32

38

12

9

3

17

83

46

3a

6

4

1;

89

57

32

4

3

1

6

13

3

;:

H

37

97

84

13

1

1

;

74

::

12

9

3

14

65

28

37

14

11

4

20

70

32

38

12

9

3

17

78

41

37

7

4

1;

86

53

33

:

2

9

9

3

4:

19

24

47

94

76

18

2

;

4

-

69

36

33

6

;

25

76

45

32

5

3

1:

9

3

3:

14

:!

88

72

16

2

1

1

10

.

.

-

-

.

.

-

-
advancedaa 11

Table 1. Estimates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National HeaIth Interview

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliabi1ity of the estimates are given in technical notes. 1

Section

Diabetic Nondiabetfc

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number Heal th behaviors and knowledge years years years years years years years years

S.4.

S.5a.

T.lc.

T.2.

T.3.

T.6.

T.7.

T.8.

SMOKING--Con. Percent of population

Ooes cigarette smoking during pregnancy defirsitely increase,

probably increase, probably not or definitely not increase

the chances of--(Persons under 45 years of age)--Con.

Low birth weight of the newborn

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Ooes not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’t know/No opinion .........................................

If a woman takes birth control pills: is she more likely

to have a stroke if she smokes than If she does not smoke?

(Persons under 45 years of age)

Here likely .....................................................

Not likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know ......................................................

ALCOHOL USE

Have you had at least one drink of beer, wine or liquor

during the past year?l (Yes)......................................

In the past 2 weeks, on how many days did you drink any

alcohol ic beverages, such as beer, wine, or liquor?l,3

Did not drink in past year ......................................

None ............................................................

1-4 days ........................................................

5-9 days ........................................................

10-14 days ......................................................

In the past 2 weeks, on the days that you drank alcoholic

beverage , how many drinks did you have per day, on the

1 average? *3

Did not drink in past year ......................................

None ............................................................

1 drink .........................................................

2 drinks ........................................................

3-4 drinks ....................................

5 or more drinks ..............................

Drinking Index (2-week daily drinking, based on

Didnotdrink in past year ....................

None ..........................................

Light (.01 to .21 ounce absolute alcohol ).....

Moderate (.22 to .99 ounce absolute alcohol ]..

Heavier (1.00 ounces or more absolute alcohol)

. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . ..

. . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .

ternsT.1-3)7

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .

. . . . . . . . . .. . .. ...

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ..

. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .

. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .

Ouring the past 12 months, on how many days did you have 9 or

more drinks of any alcoholic beverage?

lor more days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5or more days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

During the past 12 months, on how many days did you have 5 or

more drinks of any alcoholic beverage?l

lor more days ...............................

10or more days ..............................

Durirru the east year, how many times did You dr

had p&haps” too ~uch -to drink_?

1 time .......................................

Zor more times ..............................

See footnotes at end of table.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..

ve when you

..................

..................

74 74 - - 80 8D - -

4747--4545 --

27 27 - - 35 35 - -

5 5-- 7--

3 ;

::: :::

2: 22 - - 1: 13 - -

37 62 38 26 66 73 63 46

63 38 62 74 34 28 37 55

15 21 16 10

14 29 13 10 :; :; ;; 1:

2 5 2 10

5 5 6 : 1! 9 li 1:

63 38 62 74 34 28 37 55

15 21 16 10 14 14 14 12

9 10 10 17 16 18

13 i 3 16 18

:

;: 9

2 13 16 94

3 ; : 1 7 9 41

63 38 62 74 34 28 37 55

15 21 10 14 14 14 12

12 20 :: 9 27 24 16

6 11 % 23 17 12

4 8 i : 8 8 86

4 11 4 12 62

3 7 3 : 7 ;: 4 1

20 7 2 25 33 15 6

; 9 4 2 13 17 83

4 0 3 0

: 6 1 i 7 1: :0
12 advmcedata

Table :. Estimates of the percent of POPU1ation witn selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Ouestionnai re on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

(Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitutional fzed popul ation. Tne survey design, general

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Nondi abetic

ana

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

number

18+ 18-44 45-64 65+

Health behaviors and knowledge years years years years years years years years

ALCOHOL USE--Con. Percent of population

T.9. Tell me if you think heavy alcohol drinking definitely

increases, probably increases, probably does not, or definitely

does not increase a person’s chances of getting the foilowing

problems?

Throat cancer

Increases ........................ .......................... .

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ........................................ .

Does not increase, ............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase. ...............................

Oonrtknow/No opinion, .... ...................................

Cirrhosis of the liver

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase. ...............................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

81adder cancer

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

Cancer of the mouth

Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase. ............................. .

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Arthritis

Increases ..-----..............................................

Definitely increases........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase. ...............................

Oon’tknow/No opinion, ........................................

Blood clots

Increases.. ......................... ... . ..................

Definitely increases........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase.. ..............................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

92 93 93 91 95 96 95 88

78 79 82 74 79 81

14 14 11

80 71

17 15 15 15 17

1 2 1 1 1 1

0

1

0 1 : 1 0 1

0

1

2 0 0 0

7 5

00

; 9 5 3 4 11

65 68 67 61 67 71J 63 58

30 24 32 30 28

35 44 36 31 39 ~; $

8 12

;:

8 7 11 13 11 7

6 7 6 4 8 9

3

85

27 2: 2; 3; 2; 1; 2: 3:

33 37 34 30 34 39 29 26

11

x ;: i; 19 ;: :i 2: 1:

23 29 24 20 31 33 33

45 36 47 48 40 38 41 44

21 12 24 15 12

25 24 :; 24 25 26 N ::

23 35 22 18 40 30 18

15 21 15 12

8

;: 27 20 11

15

32 28 3; 3:

10

;; ;2 30 3:

T.9. Ooes heavy drinking during pregnancy definitely increase,

probably Increase, probably not or definitely not increase

the chances of-- (Persons under 45 years of age)

Miscarriage

Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definite ly increases ........................................

Probably increases .........................................,

Does not increase ................. ...........................

Probably does not increase,.. ..............................

Definitely does not increase. ...............................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

See fcctnotes at end of table.

8282--8686 --

4846--4848 --

34 34 - - 38 38 - -

3 3-- 4

2

4--

2-- 3 3--

1:1:::

1

10 1:::
advmcedata 13

Table 1. Estimates of tne percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 !Iational Heal th :nter~lew

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States. 1985--Con.

(Data are based on househol d interviews of the civil ian noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, 3eneral

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are 9iven in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Mondiabetic

and

.-—. —

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+

number Heal th behaviors and knowledge

18-44 45-64 65+

years years years years years years years years

T.9.

T.1O.

U.1.

ALCOHOL USE--Con.

Does heavy drinking during pregnancy definitely increase,

probably increase, probably not or definitely not increase

the chances of-- (Persons under 45 years of age)--Con.

Mental retardation of the newborn

Increases .....................................................

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase.. ..............................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

Low birth weight of the newborn

Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Ooes not increase .............................................

Probably does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase.. ..............................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

Birth defects

Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely increases ........................................

Probably increases ..........................................

Does not increase .............................................

Probaoly does not increase ..................................

Definitely does not increase ................................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

Have you ever heard of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? (Persons under

45 years of age) (Yes) ...........................................

OENTAL CARE

This next cuestion is about preventing tooth decay. After I

read each of the fol1owing, tell me if you think it is

definitely important, probably important, probably not, or

definitely not important in preventing tooth decay.

Seeing a dentist regularly

Isqm-tant ..................

Definitely important .....

Probably important .......

Not important ..............

Probably IIOt important.. .

Definitely not important.

Don’t know/No opinion ......

Orinking water with fluoride

. .. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

.. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .. . . . . ..

. . . . .. .. . . . .

rom early ch

Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .

. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

Idhood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely important ........................................

ProbaDly important ..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probaoly not important ......................................

Definitely not important ....................................

Oon’t<now/No opinion .........................................

Regular brushing and flossing of the teeth

Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely important ........................................

Prooa21y important ..........................................

Not important .................................................

ProbaJly not important ......................................

Definitely not important ....................................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

77

40

37

7

4

3

17

B3

41

42

:

Ii

83

44

39

5

4

1;

54

93

81

12

:

0

4

70

40

30

9

;

21

96

84

12

:

0

4

K

37

7

4

3

17

83

41

42

;

Ii

83

44

39

5

4

1

12

54

95

84

11

3

2

0

2

81

44

37

7

6

1

11

38

90

7

0

i

2

Percent of population

95

82

13

2

2

0

3

72

44

28

9

6

3

19

97

85

12

0

0

i

91

79

12

;

o

6

62

?4

28

10

8

3

2s?

94

79

15

:

.!!

84

47

37

5

4

1

11

84

46

38

:

1

11

85

49

36

4

3

11

56

36

33

13

:

;

Go

J6

24

8

6

1;

98

90

8

1

:

2

84

47

37

5

4

1:

84

46

38

4

3

1:

85

49

36

4

3

1

11

56

97

84

13

2

1

0

1

85

50

25

8

6

2

7

39

92

7

0

:

1

--

--

--

.-

--

--

--

--

-.

.-

--

--

--

--

.-

-.

--

--

.-

--

--

--

95

B3

12

3

77

45

32

8

5

3

15

95

32

12

k

0

5

See footnotes at e~d of table.
14 advancedaa

Table 1. Es::nates of the percent of population with selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 National Health Interview

Survey Quest] :nnaire on Healtr ?romotion and Disease Prevention, by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985--Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civflian noniflstitutionalized population. The survey design, general

qualifications, and infonnatic” on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Diabetic Nondiabetic

Section

an<

item 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+

number Health beraviors and knowledge

18-44 45-64 65+

years years years years years years years years

DEN-AL CARE--Con. Percent of population

U.1. This next question is soout preventing tooth decay. After I

read each of the following, tell me if you think it is

definitely important, ~.obably important, probably not, or

definitely not importac: in preventi ng tooth decay .--Con.

Using fluoride toothpaste or fluoride mouth rinse

Important .....................................................

Definitely important.,......................................

Probably important..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probably notimpc. tact......................................

Definitely notimuortant ....................................

Don(tknow/No opinion .........................................

Avoiding between-meal sweets

Iqsortant .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

84 93 87 78 9CI 94 87

53 63 56 46 62 69 54 :;

31 30 31 32 28 25 32 31

5 2 6 4 3 66

3 0 : 4 3 2 44

2 1

11 ! : 1: : 3 ; 1;

89 93 91 84 89 89 82

62 61 64 60 60 :; 62

27 32 27 25 30 30 27 ::

5 4 4 6 7 67

3 2 3 : 5 5 45

2 2 2

7 3 i 1; : ; 5 1;

U.2. Now I’m going to ask about preventing gum disease. In your

opinion, how important or not important is each of the

following in preventing gum disease?

Seeing a dentist regularly

Important .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Don’ tknow/No opinion .........................................

Orinking water with fluoride from early childhood

Important .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

Notinsportant .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Oon’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Regular brushing and flossing of the teeth

l~ortant .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Don(tknow/No opinion .........................................

Using fluoride toothpaste or fluoride mouth rinse

Important .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

Not important .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Don’tknow/No opinion .........................................

Avoiding between-meal sweets

Important .....................................................

Definitely important........................................

Probably important..........................................

h!otimportant .................................................

Probably not important......................................

Definitely not important....................................

Don(tknow/No opinion .........................................

92 97 93 90 95 97 95 90

79 86 80 77 83 84 83 76

13 11 13 13 12 12 11 14

2 1 2 2

2 1 ; ; 1 1 ; :

1 0 0 0

5 2 : 8 : 1 :;

60 66 62 54 66 71 62 53

32 34 31 37 32

27 % 28 24 :: 34 30 ;:

13 20 11 12 16 17 17 11

9 16 7 8 12 13 12 7

5

2; li 2: 3: 1; 1! 21 3:

93 96 94 91 96 98 96 91

76 82 77 73 84 87 82 75

17 14 17 18 12 10 13 16

1 1 2 1 1 11

1 A 1 1 1

1 0 : : :

; : 5 ; 3 2 38

75 83 76 72 78 82 73 68

43 46 44 41 48 42 39

32 36 32 30 30 :: 31 29

9 10 10 12 12 14

7 6 i! 7 9 9 10 :

83 84 85 81 81 83 80 76

54 52 54 50 51 52 48

30 33 31 ;: 31 33 28 28

7 10 6 12 12 11 9

4 7 : 4 9 10 86

2 3

1; : 9 1: 7 : ; 1:

See footnotes at end of table.
advamedata 15

Table 1. Estimates of the percent of population WI th selected behaviors and knowledge from the 1985 Nationai %?.alth Intervlew

Survey Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. by diabetic status and a9e: United States, ig85--Con -

(Oata are based on household interviews of the cfvl1fan noninstitutional ized population. The survey design, generai

qualifications, and information on the reliability of the estimates are given in technical notes. )

Section

Diabetic Nondi abetic

and

itern 18+ 18-44 45-64 65+ 18+

number Health behaviors and knowledge

10-44 45-64 65+

years years years years years years years years

U.3.

U.4.

U.5a.

U.5b.

V.la.

V.2a.

V.3a.

DENTAL CARE--Con.

In your opinion, which of the following is the main cause of

tooth loss in children?

Tooth decay .....................................................

Gum disease .....................................................

Injury to the teeth .............................................

Don’ t know ......................................................

In your opinion, which of the following is the main cause of

tooth loss in adults?

Troth decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gun disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Injury to the teeth.............................................

Don’ t know ......................................................

Have you ever heard of dental sealants? (Yes) .....................

Which of the following best describes the purpose of dentql

sealants--to prevent gum disease, to prevent tooth decay, or

to hold dentures in place? (Persons who have heard of dental

sealants (yes) in U.5a.

Prevent gum disease ............................................

Prevent tooth decay ............................................

Hold dentures in place .........................................

Don’ t know .....................................................

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ANDHEALTH

In your present job, are you exposed to any substances that

could endanger your health, such as chemicals, dusts, fumes

or gases?3 [Currently employed persons) (Yes) .....................

In your present job, are you exposed to any work conditions

that could endanger your health, such as 1oud noise, extreme

heat or CO1 d, physical or mental stress, or radiation?3

(Currently employed persons) (Yes)................................

In your present job are you exposed to any risks of accidents or

injuries?3 (Currently employed persons) (yes) ....................

61

9

23

8

42

50

2

6

15

7:

11

6

34

35

38

63

6

30

1

41

56

2

1

25

8;

;

37

44

44

Percent of population

60

10

25

5

40

53

3

4

18

6;

16

7

35

35

38

62

8

17

13

43

45

1:

9

7:

5

8

15

9

18

58

2:

4

40

54

3

3

23

8:

12

4

35

36

40

56

8

34

2

39

57

3

2

25

8:

12

3

37

38

42

60

2?

5

40

54

2

4

23

4

81

10

5

32

33

36

62

9

17

12

44

43

1:

14

7

?0

13

9

17

14

26

lNational Center for Health Statisties, C. A. Schoenborn, and K. M. Oanchik: Health practices among adults: United St?tes, 1977.

Advance Oata Fmm Vital and Health Statistics. No. 64. OHEH Pub. No. (pHS) 78-1250. pub~ic Health service. Hyattsvl1le* ‘d. ~

NOV. 4, 1980.

2National Center for Health statistics, A. J. Moss and G. Scott: Characteristics of persons with hypertension, United StateS, 1974.

Vital and Health Stati sties. Series 10, No. 121. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1549. Public Health Servjce. Washington. U.S.

Government Prlntlng ttlce, Oec. 1978.

3National Center for Health Statistics, C. A. Schoenborn, K. M. Oanchik, and J . Elinson:

Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences,

Basic data from k’ave I of the Mation~l

United States, 1979. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 15, Ho. 2. OHHS

Pub. NO. (PHS) 81-1163. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government prlntln9 ottice, Aug. 1981.

4National Center for Health Statistics, B. BIo~ and S. S. Jack:

States.

Persons with and without a r~gular source of medical care, Unitci

Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 151. OHHS pub. Mo. (pHS) 85-157g. Publ~c Health Service. Washington. ..s

Government Prlntlng oft Ice, Sept. i986.

5Natjonal Center for Health statistics, A. J . MOSS and M. H. Wilder: lJseof selected medical procedures associated With preventive

care, United States, 1973. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 110. OHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 77-1538. Health Resources

Admi nitration. Washington. U.S. Government Prlntlng Office, Mar. 1977.

6~ational center for Health Statistics, J. W. Choi: Exercise and participation in sports among persons 20 years of age and over:

United States, 1975. Advance Oata Fmm Vital and Health Statistics. No. 19. 13HEHpub. No. (pHSl 78-1250. public Health ‘ervice.

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7Natjonal Center for Health Statistics: Health, United States, 1985. OHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1232. Public Health service.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Dec. 1984.
16 advancedaa

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1986.

2YJ.T. Devlin and E. S. Horton: An exercise regimen for diabetics.

Curdiovasc. Medicine 10(I):65-7 1.1985.

“J. R. Sutton: Metabolic responses to cxercisc in normal and diabetic

individuals. in R. H. Strauss. cd., Sports Medicine. Philadelphia.

W, B. Saunders Company. 1984.

31L. N. Cunningham: The adult diabetic and exercise. in R. C.

Cantu, ed.. The Exercising Adulr, Lexington, Massachusetts. The

Collamore Press. 1982.

32J. O. Holloszy: Exercise. diabetes and glucose utilization. Tutorial

lecture presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of the American College

of Sports Medicine. Las Vegas. Nevada. May 29. 1987. Available

on cassette (#87 ACSM-E 11) from Mobiltapc Company. Inc., 1741

Gisrdena Avenue. Glendale,CA91204 (telephone (8 I8) 244-8 12!2).

“National Institutes of Health. Office of Medical Applications of

Research: Diet and exercise in noninsulin-dependent diabetes melIitus. Cm/.\ en.\u.tDetek~pn/en[ Co@erence Sfufemcnf 6(X):1 –7, Dcc.

10. [986.
advamedata 17

%ationd Center for Health .%tistics, A. IMOSS:Current estimates

from the National Health Interview Survey. United States. 1985.

Vitul and Health Statistics. Series 10, No. 160. DHHS Pub. No.

(PHS) 86-1588. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Sept. 1986.

3sOtTice of the Assistant Secretary for Health and Surgeon General:

Heuhhy People—The Surgeon General’s Report on Heulth Promotion

and Disease Prevention—Background Papers, 1979. DHEW’ Pub.

No. (PHS) 79-55071A.

%J.S. Department of Health and Human %viccs, Public Health

Service: Promoting HeaMrlPreventing Disease: Objectives ji)r the

Narion. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

37T. F. Pcchacck. B. H. Fox. D. M. Murray. and R. V. Luepkcc

Review of techniques for measurement ot’ smoking behavior. in

J. D. Matarazzo et al.. eds., Beha>qioru[ Heuith: A Handbook of

Heulth Enhancement und Disease Prevention. New York. John Wiley

& Sons, 1984.

7$G. D. Williams. S. S. Aitken. and H. Malin: Reliability ofsclfreps-ted alcohol consumption in a general population survey. J.

Smd. A1cohol 46:223-227.1985.

‘9A. W. Stewan. R. T. Jackson, M. A. Ford. and R. Beaglehole:

Underestimation of relati~c weight by use of self-reported height

andweight. .Am. J. Epidemiol. 125(1):122-126, 1987.

“R. E. LaPorte. H. J. Montoyc. md C. J. Casperscn: Assessment

of physical activit} in epidemiologic research. problems and prospects. Public Healrh Rep. 100(2):13 1-146. Mar. -Apr. 1985.

4’B. S. Dohrermend and B. P. Dohrenwend. cds.: Stressful Life

Erenrs and Their Cwrte.rrs. Nev. York. Prodist. 1981.

42G. Block: A rm iew of validations of dictmy ~ssessment methods.

Am. J. Epidemioi. 115:492-505.1982.

Symbols

-.. Data not available

. . . Catego~ not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

*

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NH IS) is a continuous, cross-sectional nationwide survey conducted by household

interview. Each week a probability sample of households in

the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by

personnel of the U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the health and other characteristics of each member

of the household. The 1985 NHIS sample consisted of 36.399

eligible households. The total noninterview rate for the basic

health and demographic household questionnaire was about

4 percent—about 2-3 percent of which was due to respondent

refusal and the remainder primarily due to an inabiIity to

locate an eligible respondent at home after repeated calls.

A more detailed description of the survey design. methods

used in estimation, and general qualifications of the ?iHIS

data is provided in Current Estimates From the Nationul Health

Inrer)’iew’ Survey, 1985.34

Objectives and sponsorship of the 1985

NHIS Health Promotion and Disease

Prevention study

The 1985 XHIS Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

(HPDP) study was designed to monitor progress tow tird one

of the major initiatives t)f the Department of Health and Human

Services. This inlliitti~ e was Jescnbed in Htdthy Pe(yIle-The

Surgeon Grtwral”s Rt’pot-r (m HeulIh Prom[uiorr utu.i Disease

Prevention. 1979. 3SIn that report, broad goals were established

for the improvement of the health of Arpericans. The 1980

Public Health Service report, Prcmtoring Heulth/Preventing

Disease: Objectives jkw the .Vution.36 detailed specitlc objectives necessary for attaining those goals in each of 15 priority

areas. Because the target date for achieving those objectives

is 1990. cut-rem data collection plans call for readministering

the 1985 HPDP questionnaire in 1990 for the purpose of

monitoring progress achieved in the intervening 5 years.

The planning x-id development ~)t’the questionnaire used
18 advmcedata

in [he 1985 HPDP study was carried out In collaboration

w Ith the following Federal agencies. some of which also provided partial funding forthe study:

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Office on Smoking and Health

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Ntitiorral Institutes of Health

National Heart. Lung. and Blood Insti[u[e

National Cancer Institute

National Institute of Dental Research

Na[ional Institute of Child Health and Humtin

Development

Health Resources and Semites Administration

Cen[ers for Disease Control

Center for Pre\’ention Services

Center for Infectious Diseases

Center for Environmental Health

Center for Health Promotion and Education

National Institute for Occupational Safe[y and Health

Food and Drug Administration

Bureau of Foods

Department of Transportation

Office of Driver and Pedestrian Research

The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

HPDP questionnaire content and

administration

The 1985 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention study

was det”oted primarily to the collection of baseline data on

the follow irrg topics: general health habits (including nutrition).

inju~ control and child safety and health. high blood pressure.

stress. e~ercise. smoking. alcohol use, dental care. and occupationti] safety and health. These topics were selected after consultation with the Office of Disezse Prevention and Health

Promotion (Assistant Secretary for Health) as well as with

the agencies designated by the Assistant Secretary for Health

as havin~ “’lead” responsibility for implementing and monitoring progress toward achieving the 1990 objectives. Within

each agency. subject matter experts were consulted during

the development of the questionnaire.

Self-response was required for the Health Promotion and

Disease Prevention questionnaire. and one adult per family

was selected randomly as the respondent. This procedure resulted in an additional nonresponse of about 7 percent. The

number of completed Health Promotion and Disease Preventitm

questionnaires was 33.630. representing an estimated 90 percent of eligible respondents.

Populations used in the computation of

percents shown in this report

The estimated population for each of the age categories

of diabetics and nondiabetics used as a denominator for one

of the percents or more discussed in this report is shown

in table I. This information allows readers to derive estimates

of the number of persons in the United States with a given

characteristic by diabetic status and age.

Reliability of estimates

Because the estimates shown in the text table are based

on a sample of the population rather than on the entire ]population. they are subject to sampling error. Some estimates in

the table are small for given characteristics. When an estimate

or the numerator or denominator used in the computation

of a percent is small. the sampling error may be relati~fely

high. Approximate standard errors for estimates in this report

are shown in table II.

Nonsampling errors

The data presented in this report are also subject to a

variety of nonsampling errors. some of which represent random

measurement error: others. more systematic error. In recent

years. a number of review articles have appeared codifying

the current state of knowledge about these kinds of errors

in the study of selected health-related behaviors and characteristics. including smoking. ~’ alcohol use,~s reported height

and weight. s’~exercise behaviors.ao reports of stress .4’ and

dieta~ patterns.42

Table 1. Estimates of selected civilian noninstitutionslized populations by diabetic status and age: United States, 1985

D/abet/c Nondiabef/c

18- 76-44 45-64 65- 78+ 1844 45-64 65*

Se/ecfed popu/at/on years years years years years years years years

Population m thousands

Tots adult population ,,, 6,144 1.036 2.580 2,528 161,5a9 96.765 40.994 23.830

Females 3.385 523 1,377 1,485 85,251 49.688 21,464 14,099

Popuatlon m famd,es with children under 10 years of age 821 509 238 74 44.186 40,641 3,161 384

Popb:atlon In tamdles w!th children under 5 years of age 503 301 154 48 28.894 27.195 1,538 161

ChJrreltly eMplOyed population ,, 2.212 767 1,204 241 103.330 73.525 26,848 2.957
advamedata 19

Table Il. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points+ of estimated percents by diabetio status and age: National Health Interview Survey

Questionnaire on Health Promotion and Dmease Prevention, United States+ 1965

Dfabef/c Nond/abetfc

18+ 18-73 45-64 85+ 18- 1844 4S64 65-

Esfinrated percent years years years years years years years years

Standard error in percentage pints

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.69 1.67 1.07 1.07 0.13 0.17 0.27 0.35

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 2.30 1.47 1.47 0.16 0.24 0.37 0.48

150r 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 2.74 1.75 1.75 0.22 0.28 0.44 0.57

200r80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.26 3.07 1.96 1.97 0.25 0.32 0.49 0.64

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36 3.32 2.12 2.13 0.27 0.34 0.53 0.69

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.44 3.52 2.24 2.25 0,26 0.36 0.56 0.73

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 3.66 2.33 2.34 0.29 0.38 0,58 0.76

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.54 3.76 2.40 241 030 0.39 0.60 0.78

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.57 3.82 2.43 2.44 0.31 0.40 0.61 080

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 1.58 3.84 2.45 2.46 0.31 0.40 0.61 0.80
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 142 ● September 30, 1987

Discharges From Nursing Homes:

Preliminary Data From the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey

by Edward S. Sekscenski, M.P.H. Division of Health Care Statistics

This report presents information on discharged residents

of nursing and related-care homes based on preliminary estimates from the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS).

The 1985 NNHS is the third in an ongoing series of sample

surveys designed to provide a variety of data on nursing homes

in the conterminous United States and is conducted periodically by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).

Previous surveys were conducted in 1973-74 (NCHS, 1977)

and 1977 (NCHS, 1979).

The data presented in this report were collected between

Aug.tst 1985 and January 1986 and deal specifically with

demographic, health, and other characteristics of persons formally discharged from nursing homes during the 12-month

period immediately prior to the survey date. Other repoms already published present information on nursing home residents

(NCHS, 1987a) and facilities (NCHS, 1987b) based on national estimates from the same survey. Two other reports resulting from the 1985 NNHS will provide information on registered nurses employed at nursing homes and on current and

discharged nursing home residents. The latter report will be

based on a followup survey of the next of kin of the sample

population. A summary report presenting data from all five

components of the survey sLso will be prepared by NCHS.

Because data in this report are preliminary, they may differ

slightly from those published later after further edits are conducted.

Facilities included in the 1985 NNHS were nursing and

related-care homes in the conterminous United States that had

three beds or more setup and staffed for use by residents and

that routinely provided nursing and personal care semices. A

facility could be fieestandin.g or could be a nursing care unit of

a hospital. retirement center, or similar institution as long as

the unit maintained financial and employee records separate

from the parent institution. Facilities providing only room and

board were excluded, as were those serving only persons with

spec~lc health problems (for example, mental retardation or

alcoholism).

The sampling fiarne for the 1985 NNHS consisted of the

following component

. The 1982 National Master Facili~ Inventory (NMFI)

(NCHS, 1986), a census of nursing and related-care homes

conducted by NCHS.

. Homes iderttiled in the 1982 Complement Survey of the

NMFI as “missing” from the 1982 NMFI.

. Nursing homes opened for business from 1982 through

June 1984 and identified by the NCHS Agency Reporting

System (NCHS, 1968).

. Hospital-based nursing homes identified in records of the

Health Care Financing Administration.

The resulting frame contained about 20,500 nursing homes,

and a sample of 1,220 homes was selected. In this report, the

terms “nursing homes” and “nursing and related-care homes”

are used interchangeably.

Estimates in this report are based on a sample of 6,023

discharges from the 1,079 nursing homes participating in the

survey. A more detailed description of the survey design, data

collection methodology, and estimation procedures for the

NNHS has been published eLsewhere (Shirnizu, 1987). A brief

discussion of the standard errors associated with these data is

presented in the Technical notes to this report. For convenience, this repcxt uses the terms “discharges” and “discharged

residents” interchangeably.

Background and type of data

Data in this report were obtained from personal interviews

conducted in the sample nursing homes with the employees

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEAL?- AND HUMAN SERVICES Publlc Health Service
2 admncedata

deemed most knowledgeable of the medical records of the discharged residents. In most cases the interviewee was either a

nurse or medical records person who consulted with the available medical records of the discharged resident during the interview. As was true in the NNHS of previous years, no discharges were consuked personally in this component of the

survey. The full sample consisted of six or fewer discharges

from each nursing home whose discharge dates fell within the

12 months prior to the survey date.

The 12-month reference period from which the discharged

residents’ sample was drawn for the 1985 survey ended on the

date immediately preceding the survey date, Previous survey

reference periods for discharges were the calendar years 1972

and 1976. The reference period of the 1985 survey was changed

in an attempt to obtain more current and readily available data

and to provide information on the utilization of nursing homes

by both residents and discharges over a more closely related

period of time. However, data from the 1985 NNHS for the

discharged resident population and current resident population

differ in several major areas. These differences are discussed in

more detail in other NCHS publications (NC I-IS, 1978). Briefly,

while the discharged resident estimates represent all discharges

over a 12-month period, the current resident population is

estimated for a single night, that immediately prior to the survey date. The discharge sample, therefore, may underestimate

those nursing home residents who tend to stay for very lengthy

periods, while the current resident population may underestimate those persons with very short durations of stay. While the

current resident file provides for what may be considered a

“snapshot” of nursing home residents on any given day, the

discharged resident file provides for some indication of the overthe-year changes in the nursing home population.

Because the methodology for counting discharged residents from the 1973-74 NNHS differed from that of the 1977

(NCHS, 1981) and 1985 surveys, no comparisons will be

made in this report between estimates from the 1973-74 survey and those derived from the 1985 NNHS. The 1973–74

NNHS estimated the total number of discharges from each

nursing home in the sample from one question in the facility

component of the survey. The 1985 NNHS obtained a complete listing of all discharges from the sample nursing home.

Comparisons will be presented of estimates from the 1977 and

1985 discharged resident components of the NNHS where ap

propriate.

Demographic characteristics, dependency,

and duration of stay

The 1985 NNHS found that an estimated 1,223.500 persons were discharged from an estimated 19,100 nursing and

related-care homes during the 12 months prior to the survey

date. Because the survey was conducted between August 1985

and January 1986, the 12-month reference period could have

fallen anywhere beginning August 1984 and ending January

1986. The preliminary 1985 estimate represents about a 9.5-

percent increase over the 1,117,500 discharges estimated by

the 1977 NNHS. Of the recent total, about 37 percent were

men while 63 percent were women, roughly the same as was

found in the 1977 survey (see table 1). In contrast to the discharge population of 8 years earlier, however, the distribution

of discharges in the 1985 survey was more heavily weighted

with persons aged 85 years and over and by persons more dependent on the nursing home staff in terms of performance of

selected activities of daily living.

Although nerwly 9 of every 10 discharges in both surveys

were aged 65 years and over, the proportion aged 85 years or

over rose from 30 to 38 percent between 1976 and 19B4-85.

Partly as a result of the aging of the discharge population, the

propofiion of all discharges who were not dependent in either

mobility or continence decreased during the 8-year peric)d from

40 to 31 percent while the proportion who were dependent in

both of these functions increased from 35 to 45 percent. The

proportion of all discharges who were totally bedfast also rose

between surveys from about 21 to 35 percent and the proportion who were chairfast remained about 25 percent. Although

in both the 1977 and 1985 surveys older discharges tended to

be more dependent than were younger discharges (NCHS,

198 1), increased dependencies were evident in all major age

groups between surveys (see tables 2 and 3).

In the 1977 and 1985 surveys, persons who were discharged at older ages were more likely to have had lengthier

durations of stay in the nursing home than persons discharged

at younger ages. This was as true for men as it was for women.

The median duration of stay for all discharges was 8:2 days

acwrding to the 1985 survey; for persons aged 85 years and

over, however, it was 145 days (see table 4). Women discharges, who tend to be older than discharged men (overall

median ages, 83 and 79 years, respectively), also had a longer

median duration of stay, 93 as compared with 66 days, according to the 1985 survey. Older women, however, also tended to

stay longer in nursing homes than older men. At least half of ail

women over 84 years of age had been confined to the sample

nursing home for more than 4 months according to the 1985

survey, while comparable older men had a median duration of

stay of a little over 3 months.

Although the estimated overall median durations of stay

for all discharges, as well as those for all men and all women in

the 1985 survey show observable increases over comparable

estimates from the 1977 survey, none of these increases is statistically significant (according to a Z test with 0.05 level of

significance). Similarly, none of the differences between surveys in the proportional distribution of discharges by similar

duration-of-stay categories was significant. Nearly two-thirds

of all discharges in either survey had stays of less than 6

months. About 31 percent in the 1985 survey had been discharged within 1 month of their admission, while 32 percent

were discharged after stays of 1 month to less than 6 months.

The remaining 37 percent of discharges in the 1985 survey had

been confined to the nursing home for 6 months or more (see

table 4).

Because these data represent durations of stay in a nursing

home identified with a single discharge, they tend to underestimate the overall duration of stay for persons who ma:y have

had a series of admissions and discharges to the same or multiple nursing homes over one episode or more of illness. I)efinitions of nursing home stays used in this report coincide with
adwmedata 3

those used in the 1977 NNHS. The 1985 NNHS also attempted collection of information on multiple stays in nursing

homes of the discharged residenrs with histones of other nursing

home stays. These data will be presented in forthcoming publications on the 1985 NNHS.

The 1985 NNHS was the first in the series to obtain race

and Hispanic origin information on discharged residents. According to the 1985 survey, about 92.8 percent of all discharged

residents were white persons, while only 6.7 percent were

black persons. i%sother half percent were of other racial groups

including Asian and Pacific Islander, American Indian, and

Alaskan native. About 3 percen! of the total were known to

have been of Hispanic origin, an ethnicity designation distinct

from race (see table l). These distributions are similar to the

distributions by race and Hispanic origin of current nursing

home residents in the 1985 survey (NCHS, 1987a). Although

differences in overall durations of stay are suggested in the

median estimates of white and black discharged residents, these

ditYerences are not statistically significant at the 0.05 level of

significance. Similarly, no statistically signflcant difference

exists between the median duration of stay of Hispanic persons

and that for all discharges in the 1985 survey. Discharged residents of Hispanic origin, however, had a male-t-female ratio

nearly the reverse of that of the overall discharged populatic~

66 to 34 percent.

The distribution of discharged residents by marital status

did not change appreciably between the 1977 and 1985 surveys. It appears, however, that factors associated with a person

being married at the time of discharge impact favorably on

shorter durations of stay in a nursing home. Other studies have

also found that the availabili~ of a spouse as home caregiver is

one factor in decreasing the likelihocxi of admission to a nursing

home (for example, Butler and Newacheck, 1981), and previous NNHS’S have found similar favorable impacts on short

durations of stay for nursing home discharges.

Widowed persons constituted the majority of all discharges,

55 percent in the 1985 survey. Their median duration of stay

was 107 days (see table 4). By contrast, the median duration of

stay of married discharges, who constituted the next largest marital group, 22 percent, was only 41 days. Discharges who were

never married, however, as well as divorced or separated discharges also had relatively lengthy median stays (see table 4).

Not surprisingly, widowed discharged residents, noted

above as having relatively long stays, were also the oldest of

the marital groups, with an overall median age of 85 years.

However, married discharged residents, who as a group had

relatively short durations of stay, had an older median age, 78

years, than dischmges who were divorced or separated. 70

years.

The effects of age do appear to explain many of the differences in the abilities of discharged residents to perform selected activities of daily living during their final week in the

nursing home. While about 40 percent of persons who were

aged 65 –74 years at discharge had been dependent in both

mobility and continence, about half of all discharges older than

84 years were dependent in both categories. In terms of specific

dependencies, about one-third of discharges between ages 65

and 84 years were bedfast in their last week in the nursing

home, while about 4 in 10 aged 85 years or over were bedfast

(see table 2).

Bladder and bowel incontinence was also related to age at

discharge. About half of all discharges aged 75-84 years were

incontinent of bladder in their last 7 days in the nursing home.

Among persons aged 85 years and over, this proportion rises to

about 59 percent. Similarly, while about 39 percent of discharges aged 65–74 years were incontinent of bowel in their

last week in the nursing home, the comparable proportion rises

to 52 percent for persons aged 85 years or over. As might be

expected, median duration of stay was longer for discharges

who were dependent in both continence and mobility, 108 days,

than for those not dependent in either of these daily activities,

64 days.

Differences in functional statuses in selected activities of

daily living for discharges in the 1977 and 1985 NNHS are

summarized in table 3. As is noted above, discharges in the

1985 survey were generally less mobile and more likely to have

been incontinent of bowel, bladder, or both in their last 7 days

in the nursing home than were discharges in the 1977 survey.

These general increases in dependencies are partially a function

of the increased proportion of discharges aged 85 years and

over, who as a group are more dependent in these activities

than are younger discharges. However, there were also increases in the proportions of discharges who were dependent in

both mobility and continence among those under 65 years, 65-

74 years, and 75–84 years, as well as those aged 85 years and

over (see table 3).

Living arrangements before admission and

after discharge

The 1985 NNHS collected information on the living arrangements of all discharged residents for the periods immediately prior to admission and, for live discharges, immediately

after discharge. The 1977 survey obtained comparable data

only for the living arrangements after discharge. Information

on both prestay and poststay living arrangements of discharged

nursing home residents provides for a more comprehensive

understanding from a wider perspective of the population that

utilizes nursing homes.

A minority, about 28 percent of all discharged residents,

had been admitted to the nursing home from a private or semiprivate residence (see table 5). Slightly over half of these discharged residents had been living with family members at the

time of their admission.

About 69 percent of all nursing home discharges had been

admitted directly from another health facility, with 8 of every

10 of them representing transfers from general or short-stay

hospitals. A slightly higher proportion of female discharges had

been admitted from general or short-stay hospitals than had

men, 57 versus 51 percent. However, another 7 percent of the

male discharges had been admitted directly from a veterans

hospital. About 1 in every 10 discharges who had been admitted from another health facility came from another nursing

home. The proportions were about the same for both men and

women.
4 ackncedata

The median duration of stay in the sample nursing home

was far longer for those discharges who had been admitted

from a private or semiprivate residence, 118 days, than for

those admitted from a hospital. 57 days. This was partially due

to the differences in ages of those in either group. Anong those

discharges admitted from a residence, about 42 percent were

over age 84 years at their discharges. About 37 percent of

those adnmted from a hospital were aged 85 years or over.

Discharges who had originally been admitted from another

nursing home also tended to have long durations of stay. According to the 1985 survey, their median duration of stay was

263 days. The proportion of those discharges over 84 was

comparable to that of persons admitted from private or semiprivate residences, 43 percent.

The proportion of live discharges going to private or semiprivate residences immediately following their nursing home

stay decreased between the 1977 and 1985 surveys from 37 to

30 percent (see table 6). As a corollary, the proportion of live

discharges who were discharged to another health facility increased from 59 to 68 percent. The latter was almost entirely

the result of an increase in the proportion of live discharges

going to general or short-stay hospitals, from 41 to 49 percent.

(Unknown living arrangements following discharge remained

about 2–4 percent of the total.)

The increase in live discharges to hospitals, although partially a result of the increased proportion of older persons among

all discharged residents, is not fully explained by this shift in

demographics. While the proportion of discharges aged 85

years or over going directly to hospitals is slightly larger than is

the comparable proportion for discharges aged 65–84 years in

both the 1977 and 1985 surveys, the increase in either proportion between surveys is greater among the younger age group.

hong live discharges aged 85 years or over, the proportion

discharged to hospitals did not rise significantly between the

1977 and 1985 surveys. In 1977 it was 52 percent and in 1985

it was 54 percent. Among live discharges aged 65-84 years

old, however, the proportion discharged directly to hospitals

increased from 39 to 50 percent over the same period.

The median duration of stay was longer for those persons

discharged to another health facility, 113 days, than for those

discharged to a private or semiprivate residence, 36 days.

Among the former, those who were discharged to a general or

short-stay hospital had a median duration of stay of 130 days.

In contrast. among those discharged to a private or semiprivate

residence, those who went to live with family members had a

median duration of stay of 34 days.

Prima~ source of payment at admission

and discharge

For the first time, the 1985 NNHS collected information

on the primary sources of payment for all discharges for the

month in which they were admitted to the sample nursing home

as well as for the month in which they were discharged. The

1977 NNHS obtained primary source of payment data only

for the month of discharge from the nursing home. As might be

expected, primary payment sources often differed depending

on whether the payment was for the admission or the discharge

month. These differences generally are greater the longer the

duration of stay. When observation is made of the total discharge population as a whole, much less shifling among various

payment sources is evident, partiaily due to the large proportion of persons with relatively short durations of stay. However,

pattents are evident in shifts of primary payment sources, especially among discharges who shift to medicaid at some time

during their stay.

For the month of admission, own income or family support

was the primary source of payment for the largest proportion of

discharges regiudless of their eventual durations of stay. About

4 of every 10 discharges relied primarily on this source to pay

for nursing home care in the month of admission, a ratio that

was the same whether the completed stay was of sho~ medium,

or lengthy duration (see table 7). The median duration of stay

for persons whose primary source of payment for their admission month was own income or family support, 77 days, was

similar to that of the overall discharge population. Their distribution by duration of stay was also similar to that for all discharges.

According to the 1985 surveys, the proportion of all discharges who relied on medicaid as the primary payment source

in their month of admission totaled about 35 percent. Medicaid

coverage for nursing home care is divided into two categories,

skilled and intermediate, depending on the certification status

of the nursing home. While about 15.5 percent of all discharges

relied on medicaid skilled funds in their admission month,

another 19.6 percent relied on medicaid intermediate care funds.

Unlike the proportion of discharges relying on own income to

pay for care in their admission month, the proportion of discharges relying primarily on medicaid differed by the eventual

durations of stay. Discharges whose completed stays were

relatively lengthy were more likely to have relied on a type of

medicaid in their admission month than were those whose

stays were relatively short (see table 7).

For example, while 12 percent of all discharges whose

stays were less than 1 month in duration relied primarily on

medicaid skilled care funds to pay for their nursing home care,

19 percent of those whose stays were 6 months or Ionge:r relied

primarily on this source in their admission months. Comparable

proportions for discharges who relied on medicaid intermediate

care finds were 11 percent among those whose stays were less

than 1 month and 27 percent for those whose completed stays

were 6 months or more.

The median durations of stay of discharges who relied on

either medicaid skilled or medicaid intermediate funds to pay

for nursing home care in their admission months were 145 and

187 days, respectively, each of which is significantly above the

median for the discharge population as a whole.

Medicare accounted for a smaller proportion of all discharges” primary sources of payment in their admission months

than either their own income or family support, or the combined total of medicaid. Medicare, however, varied quite widely

as a primary admission month payment source according to

eventual completed duration of stay. Unlike similar differences

outlined above for those relying on medicaid, the proportion of

all discharges relying on medicare as their primary source of
ackincedata 5

payment in their admission month was greater among discharges with relatively short durations of stay and smaller for

those with longer completed stays. About 18 percent of all

discharges relied primarily on medicare for payment for nursing

home care in their admission months. But, while the proportion

was 30 percent among discharges whose stays were less than 1

month, for discharges whose completed stays were 6 months or

more, only 6 percent had relied primarily on medicare in their

admission month. The. median duration of stay was 29 days for

all discharges whose primary source of payment in the month

of admission was medicare, significantly below the median for

all discharges.

All other sources of payment, including other government

assistance or welfare, religious organizations, volunteer agencies, Veterans Administration contracts, initial payment-forlife care finds, and others accounted for about 5 percent of all

discharges’ primary sources of payment for month of admission. This proportion did not vary significantly by completed

duration of stay. Discharges relying on these other sources,

however, tended to be younger than those whose primary payment sources were medicare, medicaid, or own income. Only

about 22 percent were over age 84 years at their discharges,

which is significantly below the comparable proportion for all

discharges.

For the month of discharge, own income or family support

was also the primary source of payment for about 4 of every 10

discharges. Although some variability exists in this ratio by

duration of stay, as many as 38 percent of all discharges whose

stays were 6 thonths or more relied primarily on this source for

payment of nursing home care in their discharge month as op

posed to 45 percent among discharges whose stays were 1

month to less than 6 months in length.

Medicaid, skilled and intermediate care funds combined,

accounted for another 40 percent of all discharges. primary

payment sources in their discharge months. The overall proportion who relied primarily on medicaid, however, was larger

for those with longer stays than for those with relatively short

stays. For example, while a total of 22 percent of discharges

with stays of less than 1 month relied on some form of medicaid as their primary payment source, among discharges whose

stays were 6 months or longer, a total of56 percent relied on

medicaid in their discharge months. About 25 percent of those

who stayed 6 months or longer relied on medicaid skilled care

funds. and another 31 percent relied on medicaid intermediate

care funds as the primary payment sources in their discharge

months.

The proportion of discharges who relied on medicare as

the primary payment source in their discharge month is a reflection of the limitations of coverage for nursing home care

imposed by this Federal health care program. Medicare is

limited to the first 100 days of nursing home care for residents

who had been admitted directly from a general, short-stay

hospital. The resident must also require specific medical assistance according to criteria established by the Federal Health

Care Financing Administration (Health Care Financing Administration, 1986). Reliance on medicare as the primary

source of payment for the discharge month, therefore, is restricted to discharges with relatively short durations of stay.

Among all discharges, about 12 percent used medicare as

their primary source of payment in their discharge months.

Among those whose stays were less than 1 month, however,

about 29 percent relied primarily on medicare, as opposed to

about 9 percent with stays of from 1 month to less than 6

months in length.

Changes in primary sources of payment between admission and discharge months are summarized in table 8 for all

discharges with a duration of stay of 1 month or more. The

percent distributions show that except for those entering with

medicare as their primary payment source, more than 8 of

every 10 discharges relied on the same primary source of payment in their discharge month as they had utilized in their admission month. For example, among persons using primarily

their own income or family support in their admission month,

85 percent relied primarily on this source ako in their discharge

month. The comparable proportion for medicaid (skilled and

intermediate combined) is about 90 percent, while about 87

percent who primarily used other sources in their admission

month also relied on those other sources in their discharge

month.

Among all persons with durations of stay of 1 month or

more who utilized medicare as their primary payment source in

their admission month, however, only about 37 percent relied

primarily on medicare in their discharge month as well. This

was largely the result of the 100-day limitation for medicare

coverage of nursing home care. About 32 percent of discharges

who used primarily medicare in their admission month shifted

to their own income or family support as prima~ payment

source in their discharge month, while another 28 percent

shifted to some form of medicaid.

As noted above, while the overall proportion of discharges

relying primarily on medicare decreased between admission

and discharge months, the proportion using some form of

medicaid rose. Shifts to medicaid as the primary source of

payment varied by both duration of stay and primary’ payment

source in admission month (see table 9). About 11 percent of

persons who entered with other than medicaid as their primary

payment source shifted to medicaid by the month of their discharge. The proportions of discharges shifting in this manner

varied from 10 percent for those with stays of 1 month to less

than 6 months to about 22 percent for those with stays of 6

months or more in duration.

Persons entering with medicare as the primary payment

source in their admission month were more likely to shift to

medicaid than persons entering with own income or family sup

port. This was especially true for discharges whose durations

of stay were beyond the 100day limit imposed by the medicare program. About 10 percent of discharges who had used

their own income in their admission month shifted to medicaid

by their discharge month, while 15 percent of those relying

primarily on medicare in the admission month converted to

medicaid. About 8 percent of persons who entered using primarily their own income or family support and had stays of

from 1 month to less than 6 months shifted to medicaid, as

opposed to 19 percent of those with equal durations of stay

who relied primarily on medicare in their admission month.

Among discharges entering with medicare whose durations of
6 aciwlncedata

stay were 6 months or longer, 52 percent shifted to some form

of medicaid by their discharge months.

It is not possible from the discharged resident data to pinpoint, however, when during a discharged resident’s stay a shift

from one payment source to another may have occurred. Differences in primary sources of payment in admission and discharge months are indicative only of a change between two

points in time. While a pattern is su~ested in the differential

proportions of discharges shifting from one primary payment

source to another, especially for discharges shifting to medicaid, it is not discernible from the data when these shifts occurred. Although tie disaggregation of discharges who shift to

medicaid by various duration of stay categories provides some

evidence of a “spend down” to medicaid, more detailed data

are required to determine when during a resident’s stay this

shift actually occurs and, for those with multiple stays, in

which stay it occurred. Data on the latter issue are available

from the next-of-kin component of the survey. Data from the

next-of-kin component of the 1985 NNH S will be published in

a forthcoming report from NCHS.

Summa~ and highlights of data

The 1.22 million nursing home discharges in the 1985

NNHS represent about a 9.5-percent increase from the 1977

survey. Dependencies in both mobility and continence were

more prevalent among all age groups in the most recent survey

while there was also an increase of from about 30 to 38 percent

in the proportion of discharges aged 85 years and over. While

the overall median duration of stay, as well as those of mien and

women, showed observed increases between the 1977 and

1985 surveys, none of these increases is statistically significant. The rise from 41 to 49 percent in the proportion of live

discharges going to a hospital, however, is statistically significant. The increase is largely the result of increased hospitalization of live nursing home discharges aged 65 to 84 years, although the propofiion of discharges to a hospital remains, larger

among those aged 85 years and over.

About 4 of every 10 discharges used own income or family

support as primary payment source in both admission and discharge months. The proportion using medicaid, however, generally rose with duration of stay, while only discharges with

relatively short stays relied primarily on medicare, due to the

limitations on coverage for nursing home care by the mdicare

program.

More detailed information from the 1985 NNHS, especially on sources of payment, diagnoses at admission amd discharge, and duration of stay by admission and di.schargc characteristics, will be forthcoming in subsequent publications from

‘ NCHS.

Symbols

.-. Data not available

. . . Catego~ not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

*

Figure does not meet standard of

rellabiilty or precision (more than 30

percent relatwe standard error)

# Figure suppressed to comply with

conftdentlality requirements
admncedata 7

Table 1. Number and percant distribution of nursing home discharges by selected characteristics United States, 1984-85 and 1976

1964-85 discharges 1976 discharges

Percenr Percenr

Characteristic Number> z dmrrtbur[on Nurnberl 2 dLsrr/bur/on

Discharge status

Alldfscharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dead discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age at discharge

Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85-89 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90-94 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

95 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marital status at discharge

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dworced or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic origin

Hmpanlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non- H!spanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,223,500

877,400

343,800

455,500

768,000

129,400

33,400

29,200

66,800

1,094,100

63.500

119,400

196,500

255.700

233,900

155,900

69.200

273,200

669,200

84.800

151,800

44.600

1,135,900

82,000

5,600

35.500

1,130.700

57,400

2100.0

71.7

28.1

37.2

62.8

10.6

2.7

.2.4

5.5

89,4

5.2

9.8

16.1

20.9

19.1

12.7

5.7

22.3

547

6.9

12.4

3.6

92,8

6.7

0.5

2.9

924

47

1,117,500

825.500

289,800

407.700

709.800

136,200

33,900

33,500

68,800

981.300

81.300

122,300

204,600

241,200

210,100

90,500

31,100

255,900

628,400

75,200

127,200

30,800

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

2100.0

73.9

25.9

36..5

63.5

12.1

3.0

3.0

6.2

87.8

7.3

10.9

18.3

21.6

18,8

8.1

2.8

22.9

56.2

6,7

114

2.8

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

7F[gures may not add to totals due to rounding,

2T0taI includes small number of unknowns.

Tablo 2. Number of nursing homa discharges by sax and age at discharge, and parcant distribution by type of dependency during last 7 days in

nursing homa, according to sex and age at discharga: United States, 1984-85

Type of dependency

Incontinent Incontinent

Sex and age Discharges Total Bedfast Cha!rfasr of bladder of bowel

Sex Number Percent dlstnbutton

Borh sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.223.500 100.0 348 25.4 52.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45.2

455,500 100.0 33.2 26.9 54.8

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46.3

768,000 100.0 35.8 24,6 51.6 44.6

Age at discharge

Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,400 100.0 23.9 22.6 404

65vears And over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.2

1,094,700 100.0 36.1 258 54 2

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47.0

182,900 100.0 32.8 245 45.5 39.1

75-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452,300 100.0 329 27.7 52 8

85 years And over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.$,7

458.900 100.0 406 243 53.1 524
Table 3. Number and percent distribution of nursing home discharges by partial index of dependency, eccording to aga et discharge: United States. 1984–85 and 1976

Oischargesin 1984–85

Partial index of dependency

Oischarges\n 1976

Part/al Index of dependency

Not

dependent Oependent Dependent

m mobihty Oependent in in mob)lity

or in mobility continence and

Age Total Total continence only only continence

Nor

dependent Dependent Oependenr

in mobdity Dependent m m mob!ljty

or m mob!ljty continence and

Total Total confluence only only continence

Number Percent dtstnbutron Number Percenf distrlbut!on

Alld!scharges 1,223,500

Under 65 years.. 129,400

65 years and over. 1.094,100

65–74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,900

75–84 years. 452,300

85 years And over . . . . . . . . . . 458.900

00.0 310 14.8 8.8 45.4 1,117,500 100.0 40,1 126 12,7 345

000 449 13.6 8.5 33.0 136,300 1000

00.0

52.4

293

135

15.0 8.8

97

469

243

981,200 1000

00.0 355

38.4 125

17.2 72

131

40,1

359

203.600 100.0

000

432

30.3

116

15.7

135

9.2 449

31 7

445,800 100.0

000

409

25.9

127

13.5

135

9.1 51 5

32.9

331,800 100.0 32.3 12.8 123 42.6

.
acimncedata 9

Table 4. Percant distribution of nursing home discharges by duration of stay, according to selected demographic characteristics, with median

duration of stay: United States. 1984-85

Durat/on of sta y

1 month 3 months 6 months 7 year 3 years

Less to less to less to less to less to less Median

than than 3 than 6 rhan 12 than 3 than 5 5 years

Characteristic Total 7 month

duration

months months months years years or more of stay

Discharge status

Alldlscharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lwe discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dead discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age at discharge

Under 65 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85-94 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

95 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marital status at discharge

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dmrorced or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Htspamc origin

H!spantc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non- Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent dwtnbutlon

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

31.0

32.3

27.8

35.7

28.2

33.2

30.7

34.9

34.7

25.1

26.6

16.7

44.1

27.3

28.6

24.9

31.2

31.1

29.2

●

30.1

30.7

37.4

20.6

23.1

14.3

20.1

20.9

24.3

20.2

22.8

21.6

17.8

17.7

18.2

21.3

20.0

20.6

23.5

15.6

20.6

19.8

*

16.4

20.9

18.4

11.2 11.2

12.2 11.2

8.7 11.1

11.3 11.8

11.1 10.9

12.2 10.6

11.0 11.3

11.8 10.8

11.5 11.6

10.3 11.2

10.0 11.9

12.1 7.6

9.3 10.5

11.5 11.2

13.5 12.1

11.0 11.1

13.2 14.6

11,0 11.1

14.4 13.1

● . . .

14.7 7.1

11.3 ●11.2

●6.7 143

15,1

13,9

18.4

13.3

16.2

13.0

15,4

13.8

13.6

17.8

17,8

18.4

10.5

16,7

14.8

17.2

13.2

15.1

14,9

●

23.0

15,0

12,9

5.2

3.8

8.6

3.8

6.0

3.5

5.4

2.5

3.8

8.0

7.5

10.8

2.3

6.5

4.2

4.7

●

5.2

4.2

●

“4.9

5.2

“4.2

5.7

3.6

11.1

3.9

6.8

3.1

6.0

3.4

3.3

9.7

8.6

16.1

2.0

6.7

6.3

7.6

*

5.8

●

●

*3.8

5.7

“6.1

Days

82

70

163

66

93

70

84

56

66

145

136

297

41

107

90

101

125

82

101

44

113

83

71
10 acklncedata

Table 5. Number of nursing home discharges and number and percent distribution of live discharges, by destination and living arrangement

prior to adm}s~ion: United States, 1984-85

Live discharges

Private or Other

All semiprivate health

LIVIGg arrangement prtor to admission discharges Total TotalJ reavdence facility

Number Percent distribution

Alld!scharges. .,, ,, . . ., .,, .,, ,, .,,,.., . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223,500 877,400 100.0 30.4 67.5

Private orsemjprivate residence .,, .,,,,,.,,.. 340,700 238,100 100.0 4C!.5 58.1

Alone, ,,, ,,, ,,, ,., ,,, .,, ,,. .,, ,,, ,,, .,,.., . . . . . . . . . 110,200 77,500 100.0 38,1 60.1

Vwthfamlly members, ,, ...,. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185,100 128,400 100.0 41.8 57.3

Wlthnonfam !ly members, .,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.300 16,300 100.0 46.4 51.9

Unknown !fwlt bother s...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,100 16,000 100.0 35.4 61.4

Anolner health facility .,,...,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.700 616,400 100.0 27.0 70.6

Another nursing home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,500 52,400 100.0 12.5 84,5

General or short-stay hospital, except psychiatric unit . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674,300 489,200 100,0 30.0 68.6

Veterans hospital.,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,000 26,800 100.0 i8.9 75.4

Other health factlny or unknown type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,100 48,200 100.0 17.5 75.4

Unknown br other, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,100 22,800 100,0 15.2 74.9

‘Total tncluaes small percent of unknown destinations

Table 6. Number and percent distribution of Iivo discharges by living arrangement after discharge, according to year of discharges:

United States, 1984-85 and 1976

Dmcharges m 1984-85 Discharges m 1976

Percent Percent

Lwng arrangement after discharge Number distribution Number distribution

Allllve discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877,000 100.0 825.500 100,0

Prwateor semlpnvate residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,400 30.4 306,700 37.2

Another health faclllty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591,500 67.5 484,200 58.7

Another nursing home .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,000 11.2 108,600 13.2

General or short-stay hospital, except psychiatric unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

430,200 49.1 339,500 41.1

Veterans hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,800 2.4 . . . . . .

Other health faclllty or unknown type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42,600 4.9 36,000 4.4

Unknown or other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

198000 2.2 34,700 4.2
admncedata 11

Table 7. Number of all nursing home discharges by duration of stay and percent distribution by prima~ source of payment for admission and

discharge months, according to duration of stay with medien duration of stay and percent of persons ages 85 years and oven United States,

1984-85

Durauon of sray

? month Persons

Less to less Med!an ages 85

All than 1 than 6 6 months duratton

Primary source of payment stays

years

monrh months or more of stay and over

Alld!scharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pr!mary source of payment for admiss!on month

All sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ownincome or faintly support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Med!cald

Skilled, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intermediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pr!mary source of payment for discharge month

All sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ownincome or family support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medlca!d

Skilled, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intermediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

1,233,500 379,000 388.900 455,600

Percent dlstnbutlon

100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0

41.9 42,5 40.9 42.3

17.6 29.8 18.9 6.4

15.5 11.5 15.3 19,0

19.6 10.6 19.7 27.0

5.4 5.6 5.2 5.4

1Oao 100.0 100,0 100.0

41.8 43,4 45.1 37.6

12.1 28.5 8.8 ●

18.9 12.2 18.0 25,2

21.3 9.9 21.2 30.9

6.0 6.1 6.9 5.1

Days

82

82

77

29

145

187

104

82

67

19

178

220

83

Percent

37.5

37.5

42.9

33.2

35.2

35.8

22.3

37.5

41.4

30.4

39.2

37.1

21.0

Table 8. Numbar and percent distribution of nursing home discharges with 1 or more months’ duration of stay by primary sourca of payment

for discharga month, according to prima~ source of payment for admiasion month: United Statas, 1984-85

Discharges Pr/mary source of payment for d)scharge month

w/th 7

or more Own

months’ income Med!ca!d All

Pr)mary source of payment All duration All or family

for admtss!on month discharges

other

of stay sources support Medtcare Skllfed Irrtermed!ate sources

Number

All sources ., . .,, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223,500 844,.500

Own Income or family support . . . . . . . . . . . 512,600 351.500

Medicare, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . 215,500 102,500

Medicaid

Skilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,700 145,800

Intermediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,100 199,700

All other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.900 45.100

Psrcent dlstrtbut]on

100.0 41,1 47 219 264 59

100.0 848 .

59 79 *

100.0 32.0 369 21 5 6.4 .

100.0 33 .

897 46 ●

100.0 4,3 ●48 905 ●

100.0 ● . . .

866
12 ackincedata

Table 9. Number of nursing home discharges and percent shifting to medicaid by nonmedicaid primary source of payment for admissiam month,

duretion of stay, and source of payment with median duration of stay united States, 1984-85

Durat/on of stay

Nonmedtca/d pr:mary Median

source In admlsslon 1 monrh to less

Source of payment

durat)on

month Less rhan 1 month~ than 6 months 6 months or more of sray

Percent Percent Percent Percent

shirlng to shifting to sh!ft!ng to

Number

shlfvng to

medtcaid Number medrcald Number medlca!d Number medica!d Days

All sources except medlcaldz 794,500 10,9 295,400 2,1 252,900 10.3 246,200 22.1 56

Own Income or family suppon 512,600 9.7 161,200 ●

159,000 7.6 192,500 18.9 77

Medicare ,,. ... ,, .,, 215.500 15.3 112,900 3.9 73,600 18,5 29,000 51.9 29

‘Shtf!s mav occur In stays of less than 1 month where admlsston and discharge are In diferent calendar months

‘Includes mher sources not shown separately,
advancedata 13

References

1Butler L. H,, ~d P. w. Newacheck 1981. Health and soci~ ‘actom ,

relevant to Iong-term care ~licy. In Policy Oprions in Long-Term

Care. edited by J. Meltzer, F. Farrow, and H. Richman. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. pp. 38-75.

‘Health Care Financing Administration. 1986. Your Medicare Handbook. DHHS Pub. No. HCFA- 10050, ICN-46 1250. Washington:

U.S. Government Printing OtYice. pp. 16-19.

3Nationrd Center for Health Statistics, P. J. McCarthy. 1966. Replication, an approach to the analysis of data from complex surveys.

Vi/al and Heahh Sraristics. Series 2, No. 14. PHS Pub. No. 1000.

Public Health Semite. Washington U.S. Government Printing Ot%ce.

~National Center for Healti Statistics. 1968. The Agency Reporting

Systems for Maintaining the National Invento~ of Hospitals and Institutions. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 6. PHS Pub. No.

1000. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

‘National Center for Health Statistics, P. J. McCarthy. 1969. Pseud@

replication, further evaluation and application of the balanced halfsample technique. Vital and Hea/th Statistics. Series 2, No. 31.

DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73–1270. Health Services and Mental

Health Administration. Washingtorx U.S. Government printing Office.

6National Center for Health Statistics, A. Sirrocco and H. W. Koch.

1977. Nursing homes in the United States 1973-74, National Nursing Home Survey. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 14, No. 17.

DHE W Pub. No. (HR4) 78-1812. Health Resources Administration. Washington U.S. Government Printing OffIce.

‘NationaJ Center for Health Statistics, E. Hing and A. Zappolo. 1978.

A comparison of nursing home residents and discharges from the 1977

National Nursing Home Survey United States. Advance Data From

vital and Health Statistics. No. 29. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-

1250. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

‘National Center for Health Statistics. J. F. Van Nostrand, A. Zap

polo, E. Hin& et al. 1979. The Nationrd Nursing Home Sumey: 1977

summary for the United States. Vital and Health Srarisrics. Series 13,

No. 43. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79- I 794. Public Health Service.

Washingtorx U.S. Government Printing OffIce.

‘National Center for Health Statistics, A. Zappolo. 1981. Discharges

from nursing homes 1977 National Nursing Home Survey. Vital and

Health Srafistics. Series 13, No. 54. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 81-

1715. Public Health Service. Washington U.S. Government Printing

Oft’ice.

10Nation~ Center for Health Statistics, D. A. Roper. 1986. Nursing

and related care homes as reported ffom the 1982 National Master

Facility Inventory. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 14, No. 32.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1827. Public Health Service. Washington U.S. Government Printing OffIce.

llNatioti Center for Health Statistics, E. Hing. 1987a. Use of nursing

Immes by the elderly, prelirnirumy data from the 1985 National Nursing

Home Survey. Advance Dara From Vital and Health Statistics. No.

135. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1250. Public Health Service.

Hyattsville, Md.

lzNation~ Center for Health Statistics, G. Stmhan. 1987b. Nursing

home characteristics, preliminary da~ from the 1985 NationaJ Nursing

Home Survey. Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics. No.

131. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1250. Public Heakh Service.

Hyattsville, Md.

13Shimizu. I. 1987. The 1985 National Nursing Home Sumey design.

Proceedings of Section on Survey Research .}ferhods, 1986 Annual

.VfeeringsOJ[he Amerr”canSratistica/ Azsociarion. Chicago American Statistical Association.
14 advancedata

Technical notes

Because the statistics presented in this report are based on

a sample. they will differ somewhat from figures that would

have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same schedules, instructions, and procedures. The standard

error is primarily a measure of the variability that occurs by

chance because only a sample, rather than the entire universe,

is surveyed. The standard error also reflects part of the measurement error. but it does not measure any systematic biases

in the data. The chances are 95 out of 100 that an estimate

from the sample differs from the value that would be obtained

from a complete census by less than twice the standard error.

The standard errors used in this report were approximated

using the balanced repeated-replication procedure. This methcxl

yields overall variability through observation of variability

among random subsampies of the total sample. A description

of the development and evaluation of the replication technique

for error estimation has been published (NCHS, 1966, 1969).

.4 Mtough exact standard error estimates were used in tests

of significance. it is impractical to present exact standard error

estimates for all statistics used in this repx-t. Thus. a generalized

variance function was produced for aggregated discharge estimates by fitting the data presented in this report into a curve

using the empirically determined relationship between the size

of an estimate X and its relative variance (rel var X). This

relationship is expressed as

b

=a+—

x

NOTE: A list of referencesfollowsthe text

Table 1. Standard errors of percents for discharges

Estimated percent

Base of percent 1 or 5 or 10 or 20 or 40 or

(discharges) 99 95 90 80 60 50

5,000 ....,... 2.87

10,000... 2.03

30<000...,,::” 1,17

50,000........ 0.97

100,000.,,,... 0.64

200,000..,.... 0.45

400,000....... 0.32

800,000....... 0.23

1,000.000..... 0.20

1,223,500..... 0,18

Standard errors In percentage potnts

6.29 8.66 11.55

445 6.13 817

2,57 3.54 4.72

1.99 2.74 3.65

1 41 1.94 2.58

1.00 1.37 1 83

0.70 0.87 1,29

0.50 0.68 0,91

0.45 0.61 0.82

040 0.55 0.74

14,15

1O,oc)

5.78

4.47

3.16

2.24

1,58

1,12

1 .Ocl

0.9CI

14.44

10,21

5.90

4,57

3.23

2,28

1.61

1.14

1.02

0.92

where a and b are regression estimates determined by an iterative procedure. Preliminary estimates of standard errors for the

percents of the estimated number of discharges are presented in

table I.

Preliminary estimates of relative standard errors are presented in figure I for estimated numbers of discharges. The

formula for obtaining these standard error estimates is

RSE(N) = /0.000797 + 417;045 x 100.O

where RSE is the relative standard error in percent andlN is the

estimated number of discharges.

The Z-test with a 0.05 level of si~ificance was used to

test all comparisons mentioned in this report. Not all observed

differences were tested, so lack of comment in the text does not

mean that the difference was not statistically significant.
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

lCJ

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

Oi

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

0.1

A 2 3 456789A 2 3 456789A

100 1,000 10,000

2 3 456789A 2

100,000

Size of estimate

3

100

%

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

9

8

7

6

~

4

3

2

A9

08

07

06

0!3

04

0.3

0.2

01

4 56789A 2 3 456789A

1,000,000 10,000,000

Figure 1. Provisional relative standard errors for estimated number of discharges: United States, 1984–85
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 143. September 30, 1987

The 1986 Inventory of Long-Term Care Places

An Overview of Facilities for the Mentally Retarded

by Al Sirrocco, Division of Health Care Statistics

Introduction

The 1986Inventory of Long-Term Care Places (ILTCP)

is a survey of two types of facilities: nursing homes and facilities

for the mentally retarded. As used in this survey, the term

“nursing homes” includes nursing care homes and such residential facilities as homes for the aged, personal care homes,

and board and care homes. All of these facilities must maintain

three beds or more. TMs report deals only with facilities for the

mentally retarded.

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), in cooperation with the National Center for Health Services Research and the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA),

employed the U.S. Bureau of the Census to conduct the 1986

ILTCP. The purpose of the survey was to provide a current

sarnpling frame for two portions (nursing home and mental retardation (MR) facilities) of the Institutional Population Component of the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey

(NMES). The NMES. which was to be conducted by National

Center for Health Services Research in early 1987, was on a

very tight schedule. The impact of these time restraints will be

mentioned in later sections of this report.

History and background

The ILTCP had never been conducted prior to the 1986

sutwey. However. a similar survey, the National Master Facility

Inventory (NMFI), had been conducted many times between

1967 and 1982.1 Each NMFI included a survey of nursing

1National Center for Health Statistics, D. Roper. 1986. Nursing and related

care homes as reported from the 1982 National Master Facility Inventory Survey. Vital and Heal[h Statistics. Series 14, No. 32. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

86- I 827. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

homes, but MR facilities had not been sumeyed since the 1976

NMFI? Types of questions asked in the ILTCP were simihu

enough to NMFI questions that a decision was made to publish

the ILTCP data to update the 1982 NMFI nursing home data

and to give baseline information on MR facilities. The ILTCP

file was constructed by the Long-Term Care Statistics Branch

of NCHS. Survey procedures are described in the Technical

notes.

In creating the mailing list for the MR portion of the

ILTCP, NCHS started with a tile produced in 1982 by the

University of Minnesota’s Center for Residential and Community Services (CRC S). The 15,000 MR facilities on this file

were matched against cument State and local directories obtained

by NCHS. Due to time constraints imposed on the ILTCP,

NCHS was unable to contact all Iocal sources identified by

CRCS in its study. It is believed that most of any places missed

would be small MR facilities (fewer than 16 beds).

The 1982 study, conducted by CRCS for HCFA. was

very detailed and allowed for extensive followback.3 Because

the primary purpose of the ILTCP was to establish a sampling

frame for a major survey (NMES), the information collected

on MR facilities was very generaI. It was intended for use in

stratifying and categorizing MR facilities into broad categories.

As a result, data collected in the 1986 ILTCP can be compared to the 1982 CRCS study only in the broadest of terms.

This report will not present data on individual States. These

data will appear in a forthcoming series report.

2National Center for Health Statistics. J. F. Sutton and A. Sirrocco, 1980.

Inpatient hea3th facilities as reported from the 1976 MFI Survey. J-ira/ and

Heukh .Warisrics. Series 14, No. 23. DHEW Pub. No.(PHS)80-1818. Public

Health Serf ice. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

3Hil], B. K., ~d K. C. L&in. 1984. C[assij7catfon of Resldennal Fac!imesfor

Menfaf/v Retarded People. Brief No. 24. Minneapolis: Center for Res]dentlal

and Community Services. University of Minnesota.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Publ!c Health Ser~lce
2 advamedata

Classification of M R facilities

Question 6 of the ILl”CP questionnaire lists 14 types of

facilities. 6 specifically for the mentally retarded. These six

categories are intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded

(ICF-MR), foster home, group residence, semi-independent

living program, State institution, and other kind of MR place.

To make it easier for respondents to categorize their

facilities. they were instructed to “check all that apply. ” ThGse

whose facilities fell into more than one category were, therefore,

not forced to check only one. If so restricted. the one category

selected would very often have been “’other kind of MR place”

or. worse. “none of the above.” In this regard. the strategy

worked. Only 256 cases marked the “other MR’ box without

marking any other MR category. Table 1 summarizes responses to question 6.

Unfortunately, respondents from 2.020 places ultimately

classified as MR facilities checked none of the six MR boxes.

Many did not answer this question at all and others checked a

box such as “sheltered or custodial care home.”

The procedures used to classify a facility as MR were

applied to all places, even those checking an MR box. Many

different items from the questionnaire were used. Of almost

equal importance to responses to question 6 were those to

questions 5b (“Did the facility primarily serve only the mentally retarded/developmentally disabled. or the mentally retmded/mentally ill?”). 7d (“Did the facility have ICF-MR

beds?”). and 11g (“Did the facility have MR residents?”).

Responses were combined into matrices, incorporating

another important factoc Was the name of the facility obtained

from an MR source (the CRCS file or one of NCHS’S State

MR directories)? To qualifi as an MR facility, a place had to

be primarily oriented toward MR. As a result, a nursing home

with a small MR wing would remain a nursing home.

Once classified as an MR facility, an institution was either

subclassified as ICF-MR or MR—other. Table 1 shows how

facilities classified themselves in question 6, but in this report

the two classifications ICF-MR and MR—other are used.

Table 1. Number of mental retardation (MR) facilities by type of

categories marked by respondents: United Statas. 1986

Number

of

Type of MR fac{hty facdmes

Total facdmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foster care.........,.. . . . . . . . . . ., . .

Group residence. . . . . . .

Sem!-independent Iwmg program . . . ., .

State tnstltution . . . . . . . . ., .

Other . . . . . . . .

Fos~er care and group residence ., .

Group reslaence and semt-independent Ilwng program

Other cOm Dlnatlons. . .,

Intermed[a:e care facilny for mental retardarlon

(l CF-MRl only..... . .

No MR or ICF-MR category marked. ,,.

14,639

2,467

58977

668

252

256

186

440

285

2,088

2,020

NOTE Eacn ‘ac IIIw was allowed 10 check as manv categories as applted Many

fac,l(r(e$ cne:~ed ICF-MR plus “ or more of the 5 bas!c MR calegoroes Imted

Therefore lPe counls for Ihe f!rs. 8 Caregor(es land Comblnal,ons of Calegorlesl

shokvn aDoLe ncluoe fhose fac .I, es Ihal also cheCkea lhe ICF-MR box

Discussion

Facility characteristics

The survey found 14,639 MR facilities. These facilities

had 269.954 beds and 250.472 residents. Based on actual

counts plus imputations for missing data, an estimated 95 percent of the residents were mentally retarded. In other words,

while a facility’s primary function might be to serve the mentally retarded. it frequently serves other residents (for {:xample,

the mentally ill). All numbers and percents associated with the

term “MR residents”’ in this report are based on the total resident count.

The average size of the MR facility was 18 beds, but the

distribution showed almost 87 percent of all MR facilities with

fewer than 16 beds (table 2). In fact. more than 72 percent had

fewer than 10 beds. Despite this lopsided distribution. only 20

percent of MR residents were in facilities with fewer than 10

beds, and nearly half were in facilities with 100 beds or more

(see table 3).

Table 3 lists the distribution of MR facilities and residents

by geographic region. Although the South had the fevvest MR

facilities (16.3 percent), it had almost 27 percent of the

residents, second only to the Midwest (30.8 percent). Table 3

depicts this distribution as the average number of residents per

MR facility. There were an average of 28 residents in the

South, 16 in the Northeast and Midwest, and 12 in the West.

The overall U.S. average was 17 residents per MR facility.

The West had by far the fewest facilities with 100 beds or

more. With 45 MR facilities, it trailed the Midwest (142), the

South (136), and the Northeast (82).

Some regional differences can be explained by the relative

sizes of resident population bases. The West had only 18 percent of all MR residents, but it also had only about 20 percent

of the U.S. population. Similarly, the South had 27 percent of

the MR residents and 34 percent of the population, tlhe Midwest had 31 percent of the residents and 25 percent of rite pop

ulation. and the Northeast had 25 percent of the residents and

21 percent of the population.

As mentioned in the Introduction, during classification of

facilities as MR or nursing homes, many nursing homes (8,276)

were found to have MR residents. These nursing homes reported

39.527 MR residents, an average of ahnost 5 per home. Those

nursing homes with 3-15 beds averaged 2 MR residents; those

with 16-99 beds, 5 MR residents: and those with 100 beds or

more. 10 MR residents,

Checking nursing home MR residents by region would

indicate whether mentally retarded persons in certain regions

tend to be placed in nursing homes rather than MR facilities.

Table 4 reveals no dramatic tendencies in this direction. It

does show that the West. with the fewest MR residents in MR

facilities. also had the fewest MR residents in nursing homes

(4.87 1). Only 12 percent of all nursing home MR residents

were in the West. which has 20 percent of the U.S. population.

Proportions of MR residents in nursing homes in the South (32

percent ) and the Northeast ( 19.6 percent). were virtually idenucal to their shares of the U.S. population. The Midwest had

the most nursing home MR residents ( 14.240). the largest
ammaita 3

Table 2. Number and percent distribution of mental retardation facilities by bed size and ownership, according to geographic region:

United States, 1986

Type of facdmes

All All

geographic geographic

Eed stze and type of ownershtp reg!ons Northeast Mldwesr Sourh West regions Northeast M!dwest South Wesr

Number Percent dtstrlbut]on

Tonal, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,639

1.350

3.765

5.491

2.097

604

524

403

198

126

81

3,806

445

1.263

1,072

657

112

101

74

30

25

27

4,741

471

933

1,926

696

247

179

147

85

39

18

2,380

135

624

772

360

137

114

102

64

45

27

3,712 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ‘-- -

8.1

255

46,4

10.3

2.9

35

2.2

0.5

0,5

0.2

65.0

28.4

6.7

l-2 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-5 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-49 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200-499 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 beds or more . . . . . . . . . .

299

945

1,721

384

108

130

80

19

17

9

9.2

25.7

37.5

14,3

4.1

3.6

2.8

1.4

0.9

0.6

11,7

33.2

28,2

173

2.9

2.7

1.9

0.8

0.7

0.7

9.9 5.7

19.7 26.2

40.6 32.4

14.7 15.1

5.2 5.8

3.8 48

3.1 4.3

1,8 2.7

0.8 1.9

0.4 1.1

Type of ownership

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,330

6,396

1,913

1,058

2,071

677

2,097

2,126

518

763

1,146

471

2,412

1,053

247

43.2

43.7

13.1

27.8

544

178

44.2 32.1

44.8 48.2

10.9 198

Table 3. Number andpercant distribution ofmental retardation faciltiies, beds, andrasidants, andaverage number of beds and residents by

bedsiza, geographic ragion, andtype of ownership United States. 1986

Beds!ze, geographic regton, andtype of ownership Factlit!es Beds Residents Fac!ltttes Bads Residents Beds Re.wderrts

Number Percent dlstrlbut!on Average number

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.639 269.954

54.417

24,991

58,050

132,496

65,812

83,067

71,887

49,188

66.536

78,935

124,483

250,472 100.0 100.0 100.0 18 17

Bed soze

60,049

23,444

54,090

122.889

72,4 20.2 20.0

14.3 93 9.4

10.5 215 216

2.8 491 49.1

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,606

2,097

1.531

405

5

12

38

327

5

11

35

303

Geographic region

3.806

4.741

2,380

3.712

61.707

77,193

66,767

44,805

26.0 24,4 24.6

32.4 308 308

16.3 26.6 26.7

25.4 182 17,9

17

18

30

13

16

16

28

12

Type of ownersh!p

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,330

6,396

1,913

60,560

75,193

114,719

43,2 246 242

43.7 29.2 300

131 461 458

11

12

65

10

12

60

Table 4. Number and percant distribution of nursing homes with

mental retardation (MR) residents and MR residants in nursing

homes by geographic ragion: United States, 1986

share of total nursing home residents (36 percent). and the

greatest proportion of MR residents compared with its proportion of the U.S. population (36 versus 25 percent).

For-profit MR facilities (6.330) and nonprofit MR facilities

(6.396) were equally distributed and combined for almost 87

percent of the total (table 5). The 1.913 government-owned

places, which accounted for the remaining 13 percent, made up

for their small number with size. These government-owned

MR facilities included large State institutions and. as a result.

accounted for almost 46 percent of all MR facility residents

(table 6). They averaged 65 beds per facility. compared with

12 beds in nonprofit and 11 beds in for-profit facilities. Over

85 percent of residents in gol emment-owned MR facilities

were in facilities with 100 beds m more: in contrast. less than

Nursing Nursing

homes homes

wtth &fR MR with MR IWR

Geographic region resvdents residents res!dents residents

All geographic

regions Number Percent dlstnbutlon

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,276 39,527 100.0 100.0

Northeast . . . . . . . . 1,686 7,753 20.7 19.6

Midwest ..,...... 2,743 14,240 33.1 36.0

South . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,688 12.663 328 32.0

‘fleet . . . . . . . . ...< 1,159 4,871 14.0 12.3
4 admncedata

Table 5, Number and percent distribution of mental retardation facilities by type of ownership and bed size, according to geographic region:

Unned States, 1986

Fac!lwes

All All

geograptrtc geographic

Type ofownershjp and bedstze regjons Northeast M/dwest South West regions Northeast Mtdwesr South West

Number Percent dwtrlbutton

Tom ,.. .,, . 14,639

Profit

Tc:a ,., 6,330

I–:oeds, . . ,. 4,884

10–”5 beds,,, .,, 737

16–99 beds..,,...,,, . . 630

10~, Deals or more,,,,,, .,, 79

Nonprofit

Tots. .,,....,,. . . . . . . 6,396

l–9Deds ..,.. . .,.,,.,,,. 4,567

10-15 beds, . . . . . . . 1,062

16-99 beds . . . . . . ...,,,... 683

loODedso rm ore . . . . . . . . . . 84

Government

To~a, ,, . ., ..,,...,. ,, 1,913

l-9 Deals.,,,......,,,,... 1,155

10-15 beds, .,...,.., ,., 298

16-99 beds... ,,, ,,, ,,. . 218

100 Deals or more,. .,, 242

3,806

1,058

877

81

92

a

2,071

1,533

373

147

18

677

370

203

48

56

4,741

2,097

1,536

313

217

31

2,126

1.474

350

262

40

518

320

33

94

71

2,380 3,712 100.0 100.0 100.0 ‘-- - 100.0

763 2,412 43.2 27,8 44.2

515 1,956 33,4 23.0 32.4

104 239 5.0 2.1 6.6

114 207 4.3 2.4 4.6

30 10 0.5 0.2 0.7

1,146 1,053 43.7 54.4 44.8

749 811 31.2 40.3 31.1

203 136 7.3 9.8 7,4

177 97 4.7 3.9 6.5

17 9 0.6 0.5 0.8

471 247 13.1 17.8 10.9

267 198 7.9 9.7 6.7

53 9 2.0 5.3 0,7

62 14 1.5 1.3 2.0

89 26 1.7 1.5 1.5

1V().U

32.1

21.6

4.4

4.8

1.3

48.2

31.5

8.5

7.4

0.7

19.8

11.2

2.2

2,6

3.7

65.0

52.7

6.4

5.6

0.3

28.4

21.8

3.7

2.6

0.2

6.7

5.3

0.2

0.4

0.7

20 percent of residents in nonprofit and for-profit MR facilities

were housed in facilities with 100 beds or more.

As mentioned earlier, the South, which had the fewest MR

facilities, was second only to the Midwest in total beds.

Government-owned facilities accounted for much of the total,

even though the South did not have the most governmentowned facilities (47 1 compared with 677 in the Northeast and

518 in the Midwest). The South did have the most governmentowned facilities with 100 beds or more (89 compared with 26

in the West, 56 in the Northeast, and 71 in the Midwest)

(table 5).

Intermediate care facilities

An ICF-MR is a facility that has met certification requirements set forth in medicaid regulations. Two ILTCP questions

were asked about ICF-MRS. Question 6, box 03, was checked

when respondents considered their facilities co be ICF-MR’s;

question 7d was answered only if a facility had ICF-MR beds.

The ILTCP counted all places responding positively to either

question as ICF-MRS. The result was a total of 4,193 ICFMR”s.

This self-classification might overstate the number of ICFMRs. but a lack of time and money made it impossible to

recontact these 4,193 places to verify their ICF-MR status. As

an alternative method of verification. the count was compared

w’ith figures obtained from other sources.

The 1982 MR study conducted by CRCS found 1,854

ICF-MR’S. This figure represented a tremendous growth from

the 574 ICF-MRS found in its 1977 study.4 The 1984-85

HCFA file for ICF-MRS contained 2,968 facilities. The

growth rate indicated by these three studies makes th[e 1986

ILTCP figure (4,193) seem reasonable. As a further check, a

comparison was made of the bed-size distributions in the three

studies. For those ICF-MRS with 16 beds or more, the figures

for 1977, 1982, 1984-85, and 1986 were 386, 652, 837, and

885, respectively. Survey totals for facilities with fewer than

16 beds were 188, 1,202, 2,131, and 3,308. Figures for the

larger facilities (16 beds or more) represented yearly increases

of about 11 percent from 1977 to 1982, 10 percent from 1982

through 1985, and 6 percent from 1985 to 1986. The figures

for the smaller facilities (fewer than 16 beds) represented

yearly increases of about 45, 30. and 33 percent, respectively.

Once again, these rates seem reasonable.

Of these 4,193 ICF-MRS, the Midwest had the most with

1,572 (37.5 percent) and the West had the fewest with 606

( 14.5 percent). (See table 7.) The West also had the lowest

percent of ICF-MR beds (12.1 percent), so it did not compensate by having more of the larger facilities. On the contra~. the

West had only 28 ICF-MRS with 100 beds or more, compared with 128 in the South, 98 in the Midwest, and 62 in

the Northeast.

Only 12.8 percent of ICF-MR’S in the Northeast were

owned for profit, in sharp contrast with the West (49.5 per4Lakm. K. C . and B. K. Hill. 1984. Expansion of the Medicaid ICF-MR Pro-

,grom Over a Fire Year Period, 1977-1982. Brief No. 25. Minneapolis: Center

for Residenual and Communny Services. Unwersityof Minnesota.
achancedaia 5

Table 6. Number and percent distribution of mental retardation residents by type of ownership and bed size, according to geographic region:

United States, 1986

Res/denrs

All All

Type of ownership geographic geographic

and bed size regions Northeast M\dwest Sourh West regtons Northeast Midwest South West

Number Percent dls.wbutton

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.472 61,707 77,193

21.362

6,640

3,560

6,971

4,191

28,054

8,264

4,039

9,210

6.541

27,777

1,401

359

3,563

22,454

66.767

11,612

2,147

1,184

4,236

4.045

15,667

4,212

2,212

5,999

3,244

39,488

1,325

579

2,419

35,165

------ -A- ---- .------ ---- -

44, UU9 1V(J.V 1 UV, u 1Uu, v

44.0

18.8

5.9

16.6

2.7

23.8

9.8

3.3

7.7

3.0

32.2

1.7

0.2

1.5

28.7

Profit

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.560 7,874

20,127 2,918

8.289 899

21,390 2.748

10.754 1,309

19,712

8,422

2,646

7.435

1,209

24.2

8.0

3.3

8.5

4.3

12.8

4,7

1,5

4,5

2.1

277 17.4

8.6 3.2

46 1,8

9.0 6.3

5.4 6.1

l-9 beds, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . .

Nonproftt

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.193 20,818

24,447 7,601

11,922 4,190

24,322 5.662

14,502 3,365

10,654

4,370

1,481

3.451

1.352

30.0

9.8

48

9.7

5.8

36.3 23.5

10.7 6.3

5.2 3.3

11.9 9.0

8.5 4,9

33.7

12,3

6.8

9.2

5.5

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . .

Government

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,719 33.015

5,475 1,981

3.233 2,186

8,378 1,702

97,633 27,146

14,439

768

109

694

12,868

45.8

2.2

1.3

3.3

39.0

53.5

3,2

3.5

2.8

44.0

36.0 59.1

1.8 2.0

0.5 0.9

4.6 3.6

29.1 52.7

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . .

Table 7. Number and percent distribution of intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded by type of ownership and bed size, according

to geographic region: United States, 1986

Facrltt/es

All All

geographic geographic

Type of ownersh!p and bed .wze regions Northeast Mtdwest South West regions Northeast M\dwest South West

Percen! dtstnbutton

Total, .,.,,.............,,. 1000 100.0 100.0 1000 100.0

Profit

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprof!t

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . .

Government

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . .

4,193 1,182 1,572 833 606

300

217

25

54

4

227

178

28

19

2

79

48

1

8

22

1.313

855

215

195

48

151 605 257

118 382 138

17 125 48

15 82 44

1 16 27

313 12.8 385 308 495

20,4 10.0 243 166 35.8

51 14 80 58 41

47 1,3 52 53 89

11 0.1 1,0 32 0.1

1,992

1,297

415

235

45

652 783 330

423 502 194

173 156 58

49 103 64

7 22 14

475 55.2 49.8 39.6 37.5

30.9 35.8 31.9 23.3 29.4

9,9 14.6 9.9 7.0 4.6

56 4.1 6.6 77 3.1

1.1 0.6 14 1.7 0.3

379 184 246

167 69 80

122 4 35

36 51 44

54 60 87

212 32.1 11.7 295 13,0

8.7 141 44 9.6 7.9

39 103 03 42 02

33 30 3.2 53 13

53 46 38 104 36

888

364

162

139

223
6 advancedata

cent ). Midwest (38.5 percent). and South (30.8 percent).

Government-owned ICF-MR”S represented a small portion of

all ICF-MR’S in the Midwest ( 11.7 percent) and West ( 13.0

percent), but formed a substantial portion of those in the

Northwest (32.1 percent) and South (29.5 percent). (See

table 7.)

The differences in capacity among ownership types were

dramatic. Average bed capacity for all ICF-MRS was 39.

Government-owned homes averaged 124 beds: for-profit, 18;

and nonprofit. 16 (table 8). In each region, government-owned

homes were much larger. but actual average bed sizes were

quite different. For instance. the South had the highest and the

Northeast had by far the Iowest average bed capacities in

government-owned homes. Government and nonprofit facilities

in the Northeast were half the size of those in the South; their

for-profit facilities were only a third the size, The Midwest and

West had ICF-MRS much nearer in size to those in the South

for all three ownership groups. but the sheer number of facilities

with 100 beds or more in the South resulted in its overall

average bed size being twice those of the Midwest and West

(see table 8).

It is ako interesting to note that the South, in addition to

having more government-owned ICF-MR’S with 100 beds or

more than any other region, had more for-profit ICF-MR’S

with 100 beds or more than the other three regions combined

(27 compared with a combined total of21 ). The Midwest. on

the other hand. had almost as many nonprofit ICF-MRS with

100 beds or more as the other three regions combined (22 compared with a combined total of 23).

Resident characteristics

There were 250,472 residents occupying the 269,954

beds in MR facilities, for an occupancy rate of 92.8 percent.

Regional occupancy rates were quite close, ranging from 91.1

percent in the West to 93.8 percent in the Northeast (92.9 percent in the Midwest and 92.9 percent in the South). These

rates translated into approximately 4,100 empty beds in the

Northeast, 4,400 in the West, 5,100 in the South, and 5,900 in

the Midwest.

There were 1.04 residents in MR facilities per 1.000 persons in the U.S. population. The Midwest had the highest rate,

1,30, followed by the Northeast ( 1.24), the West (0.92), and

the South (0.8 l).

Age groups were reported for 237,145 of the 250.472

total residents in MR facilities (95 percent). As table 9 indicates,

three-fourths of these residents were between 22 and 64 years

of age. The group 65 years and over was the smallest (17,963),

and represented only 7.6 percent of the total. In fact, in nonprofit MR facilities, its members made up only 3.6 percent of

total residents.

In each age group, there were many more residents in

government-owned facilities than in profit or nonprofit facilities.

This was not surprising because many more residents in

general were in government-owned facilities. A comparison of

profit and nonprofit facilities indicated that residents 65 years

and over were more than 2!4 times more likely to be in forprofit facilities. This contrasts directly with the other two age

groups, which have many more residents in nonprofit facilities

(see table 9). Comparing these age groups and ownership

categories with region, bed size, and MR facility type failed to

produce any meaningful explanation for this situation.

Only 10.3 percent of MR residents 65 years and over were

in the West. Each of the other regions had 2?4-3 times as many

MR residents in this age group. The West also had fewer

residents 22-64 and under 22 years of age, but the differences

were much less than those found for MR residents 65 years

and over.

The group 22–64 years of age was consistent across region

and ownership categories, representing in almost every instance

approximately three-fourths of the total (see table 9). In every

region, residents in the age group under 22 years rtti~deup a

larger percent of total residents than the group 65 years and

over. The largest percent differences were in nonprofit facilities

and in the South and West.

Other survey questions asked about the number of black

and Hispanic residents in the facility the night before the survey. Only 4.4 percent of all facilities and 4.0 percent of MR

facilities left one or both of these questions blank.

Approximately 12 percent of all MR facility residents

were black persons and 4 percent were of Hispanic origin. Of

the 29,442 black residents, almost half (14,5 38) were in the

South; nearly half (4,856) of the 10,181 Hispanic residents

were in the West (see table 10).

The distribution of Hispanic residents among small (fewer

than 16 beds), medium (16-99 beds), and large (100 beds or

more) MR facilities was virtually identical to the distribution of

all residents among these facilities (see tables 10 and 3). Black

residents, however, were somewhat more likely to reside in

large (100 beds or more) MR facilities (58.2 percent of black

residents. compared with 49.1 percent of all residents and 47.9

percent of nonblack residents). This tendency occurred in

every region except the West, where 28.7 percent of all black

Table 8, Average bad capacity in intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded by type of ownarship and geographic region:

United Statas, 1986

Beds

All

geographic

Type of ownersh[p regions Noi?heasr M!dwest South West

Total average ,, ,,, ,, ,, .,, . . ,, 39 35 31 67 33

Profit ,. 18 9 16 29 17

Nonprofit, 16 12 17 23 11

Governmenl 124 83 137 165 158
advancedata 7

Table 9, Number and percent distribution of residents in mental retardation facilities for which an age group was repotied by type of ownership

and age group, according to geographic region: United States, 1986

Res!dents

Ail All

Type of ownershtp geographic geographic

and age group regions Northeast Midwest South West regions Northeast Midwest South Wesr

All types of ownershtp

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 22 years . . . . . . . . . . .

22-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over. . . . . . . . .

Profit

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 22 years........,..

22-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over. . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 22 years, . . . . . . . . . .

22-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over. . . . . . . . .

Government

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 22 years . . . . . . . . . . .

22-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over. . . . . . . . .

Number Percen[ dastrtbutton

237,145

38,841

180,341

17’,963

56,084

8,873

40,728

6,483

71,039

14,159

54,353

2,527

110,022

15,809

85,260

8,953

57,183

7.320

44,453

5,410

7,378

1,322

4,643

1,413

19.552

3,846

15.085

621

30,253

2,152

24,725

3,376

73,095

10.609

56,525

5,961

19,814

2,538

14,851

2,425

26,336

4,618

20,381

1,337

26,945

3,453

21,293

2,199

64.470

12,365

47,370

4,735

10,818

1.444

7,956

1,418

15,097

3,405

11,353

339

38,555

7,516

28,061

2,978

42.397

8,547

31,993

1.857

18,074

3,569

13,278

1,227

10,054

2,290

7,534

230

14,269

2,688

11,181

400

100.0 100.0

16.4 12.8

76.0 77.7

7.6 9.5

100.0 100.0

15,8 17.9

72.6 62.9

11.6 19.2

100.0 100.0

19.9 19.7

76.5 77.2

3.6 3.2

100.0 100.0

14.4 7.1

77.5 81.7

8.1 11.2

100.0

14.5

77.3

8.2

100.0

12.8

75.0

12.2

100.0

17.5

77.4

5.1

100.0

12.8

79.0

8.2

100.0

19.2

73.5

7.3

100.0

13.3

73.5

13.1

100.0

22.6

75.2

2.2

100.0

19.5

72.8

7.7

100.0

20.2

75.5

4.4

100.0

19.7

73.5

6.8

100.0

22.8

74.9

2.3

100.0

18.8

78.4

2.8

Table 10. Number and percent distribution of black and Hispanic residents in mental retardation facilities by race, H!spanic origin, and bed

size, according to geographic region: United States, 1986

Residents

All All

Race and Hisparm origin geographic geographic

and bed size regtons Northeast Midwest South West regions Northeast M!dwest South West

Black residents Number Percent dlstrlbutron

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,442 5.634 6,438 14,538 2,832 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,885 900 1,225 1,693 1,067 16.6 16.0 19,0 116 37.7

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950 732 342 592 284 6.6 13.0 5.3 41 10.0

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.485 1.037 1,311 2,468 669 18.6 18.4 20.4 170 236

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . 17,122 2,965 3,560 9.785 812 58,2 52.6 55.3 673 28.7

Hispamc residents

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,1B1 1,578 1,079 2,668 4,856 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000

l-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210 273 148 156 1,633 21.7 17,3 137 58 33,6

10-15 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 324 57 162 394 9.2 20.5 5.3 61 8.1

16-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,333 285 295 404 1.349 22.9 18.1 27.3 15,1 27,8

100 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . 4,701 696 579 1,946 1,480 46.2 44.1 53.7 72.9 30.5

residents (compared with 34.4 percent of all residents and 34.8

percent of nonblack residents) were in the large MR facilities.

Black residents were more likely to reside in govemmentowned MR facilities (54.3 percent) than in for-profit (22.1 percent) or nonprofit (23.6 percent) facilities (see table 11).

Government-owned facilities had 45.8 percent of all residents

(44.7 percent for nonblack residents). This tendency was true

in every region except the West, where black residents were

more likely to be in for-profit facilities (56.3 compared with

44.0 percent for all residents and 43.2 percent for nonblack

residents) (tables 1I and 6).

Hispanic residents were more likely to live in for-profit

facilities (34.3 compared with 24.2 percent for all residents

and 23.7 percent for non-Hispanic residents) and less likely to

be in nonprofit facilities (22.7 compared with 30.0 percent for

all residents and 30.3 percent for non-Hispanic residents ).
8 ackincedata

Table 11. Number and percent distribution of black and Hispanic residents in mental retardation facilities by race and Hispanic origin and type

of ownership, according to geographic region: United States, 1986

Res/dents

All All

Race and Hispan/c ong]n geograptrm geographic

and type of ownershtp regtons Northeast M/dwesr South West regions Northeast Midwest south West

Black residents

Total . . . . . . . . .,. . .

Number

29,442 5,634 6,438

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit. .,.......

Government . . . . . . . . . . .

Hwpanlc restdents

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profit ...,,,..........,,,,

Nonprofit, . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,503 935 1,547

6,938 1,786 1,858

16,001 2,913 3,033

10,181 1,578 1,079

3.495 184 314

2,316 647 303

4,370 747 462

Technical notes

The survey identified a number of mental retardation

(MR) facilities that were actually units of large mental health

facilities. Treating all beds and residents in such facilities as

MR beds and residents would significantly inflate MR counts.

The data for these facilities were, therefore, altered by (1)

changing total beds to equal the kger of either beds in intermediate cswe facilities for the mentally retarded or total MR

residents and (2) changing total residents to equal total MR

residents.

The U.S. Bureau of the Census began the first questionnaire mailout on February 14, 1986. A reminder letter followed

Suggestad citation

National Center for Health Statlstlcs, A. Slrrocco.

1987, The 1986 lnvento~ of Long-Term Care

Places: An overvtew of fac!litles for the mentally

retarded, Advance Data From Vital and Health

Sfat/srics. No. 143. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1250.

Publlc Health Service. Hyattsvllle, Md.

4,538 2,832 100.0

2,427 1#594 22.1

2,809 485 23.6

9,302 753 54,3

Percent dtstrlbutton

00.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

16.6 24.0 16.7 56.3

31,7 28.9 19.3 17.1

51.7 47.1 64.0 26.6

2,668 4,856 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

486 2,511 34.3 11.7 29.1 18.2 51.7

465 901 22.7 41.0 28.1 17.4 18,6

1,717 1,444 42.9 47.3 42.8 64.4 29.7

a week later. On March 14, a second questionnaire was sent to

all nonresponding facilities, and on April 4 a third mailing was

sent to remaining nonrespondents.

Nearly 3,300 postmaster returns were received and reviewed

to determine which respondents would be eligible for telephone

and personal interview followup. Approximately 1,900 respondents were found to be out of scope, and about 1,400 were

declared eligible for field followup. Field followup was completed in July 1986. The final overall response rate was 96

percent.

Copyright Information

Tnls report may be reprinted w!thout further

permwston.
From Vital and Health Statwtics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 144. December 7, 1987

Expected Principal Source of Payment for Hospital

Discharges: United States, 1985

by Edmund J. Graves, Division of Health Care Statlstlcs

Introduction

This report presents statistics on data collected through the

National Hospital Discharge Survey. The National Center for

Health Statistics has conducted this sumey continuously since

1965. In 1985 data were abstracted from the face sheets of

medical records of approximately 194,800 patients discharged

from -114 non-Federal short-stay hospitals. These data were

used LOproduce estimates of hospital utilization by an estimated 35.1 million inpatients (excluding newborn infants) in

the L.Tnited States.

From 1968 through 1970 information on hospital charges

and sources of payment from a subsample of the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) sample was collected (NCHS.

1974 I. No information on charges or sources of payment was

collected from 1971 through 1976. However, beginning in 1977

data on patients” principal expected sources of payment and

other expected sources of payment were collected from the

face sheets of all medical records in the NHDS sample. Reports

on the 1977 and 1979 data have been published (NCHS. 1980

and 1982). In addition, summary data for 1982-85 have been

published (NCHS, 1984. 1985, 1986. and 1987a). Statistics

in these reports. as well as in this one. retlect only the patients’

principal source of payment. The 1977 report presented estimates of source of payment by age and sex of patients as well

as estimates for Ieadkg diagnostic and surgical categories. The

1979 report updated the basic estimates by age and sex of patient and provided analysis by discharge status and surgical

status of the patient as well as by hospital location and ownership. This report updates the data from both reports: however,

the data are analyzed from a different point of view. Expected

sources of payment are not analyzed separately, but are analyzed for all the different sources of payment by sex and age of

patient, by hospital characteristics, and by diagnostic and procedural categories. The suney form used to collect these data

is reproduced in another publication of the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS, 1987a).

According to the NHDS. approximately 7 percent of all

patients discharged from short-stay hospitals had no health insurance (NCHS, 1987a L On the other hand. data from the Xational

Health Imemiew Suney indicate that 13 percent of the noninstitutionalized population had no coverage (NCHS. 1987b). This

would seem to indicate that a proportionally smaller number of

the uninsured rather than the insured are hospitalized. This

may be true. However. many individuals who claim they have

no health insurance may find on being hospitalized that they

are covered under such programs as medicaid. weifme, and

Veterans Administration health benefits.

According to the NHDS, the percent of hospitalized individuals covered by private insurance was44.9 Percent (NCHS,

1987a). This is much lower than the estimated 66.5 percent of

individuals covered by private insurance found in the 1984

NHIS (NCHS. 1987b). This is not unexpected because public

health programs are often billed tirst for hospital charges. and

individuals citing pri} ate coverage may be using it as a secondary

insurance source. It should be noted that in some cases the

expected source of payment recorded on the face sheet of the

medical record may not have been the actual source of payment.

For example. a patient admitted to a hospital following an automobile accident may have cited Blue Cross as the expected

source of payment when. in fact. an automobile insurance company ultimately made restitution. Also, because of the manner

in which this variable was collected, there is no way to determine the charge for the hospital stay or what proportions of the

hospital stay and medical services were covered by the principal

source of payment indicated.

U.S. 3EPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES s Public Health Sem/Icp . Centers for Disease Control
2 dmmxk’b

Highlights

The percent of patients who expected private insurance to

pay for their hospitalization decreased significantly from 1977

to 1985 (53 and 45 percent, respectively).

There was a si~ificatt increase in the percent of discharges

expecting public insurance to pay for their stay.

The average length of stay for patients expecting private

insurance to pay for their hospitalization was 5.3 days, which

was 1.2 days less than the average of 6.5 days for all patients

discharged from short-stay hospitals.

The average age of patients expecting private insurance to

pay for their hospitalization was 35.9 years; for those expecting

public insurance to pay for their hospitalization, it was 60.2

years.

Only 7 percent of white patients expected medicaid to pay

for their hospitalizatio~ about 25 percent of black patients expected medicaid to pay for their hospitalization.

Sixty percent of all females with deliveries expected private

insurance to pay for their hospitalization.

About tw~thirds of all patients under 65 years of age who

had one procedure or more performed expected private insurance to pay for their hospitalization.

Overview

There are three basic types of payment used in the payment

of hospital bills. These are private insurance, pubiic insurance,

and other types of hospital bill payment including self-pay and

no charge. Private insurance consists of Blue Cross and other

private or commercia! insurance, and public insurance consists

of medicare, medicaid, workmen’s compensation, and other government insurance programs.

Private insurance traditionally has been the source of payment used by most hospitalized patients as their expected source

of payment. However, in recent years, the percent of patients

expecting to pay their hospital bills through some form of private insurance has been on the decline. The percent of patients

expecting to pay their hospital bills by private insurance de

clined from 52.5 percent in 1979 (NCHS, 1982) to 44.9 percent in 1985.

Expected source of payment through public insurance pr~

grams has been on the increase in recent years. In 1979 approximately 40.0 percent of all hospitalized patients expected to pay

their hospital bills through some form of public insurance. In

1985 this increased to 46.3 percent.

Patient characteristics

In 1985 there were 35.1 million discharges from short-stay

hospitals. Of the patients discharged, 15.7 million expected

private insurance to pay for their hospital stay, 16.2 million

expected a government program to pay for their hospital stay,

and 3.1 million expected to pay for their hospital stay through

other means (table 1).

Even though the number of patients expecting private insurance to pay for their hospital stay was similar to the number of

patients expecting a public insurance program to pay for their

hospital stay, the number of days of care and average length of

Table 1. Number of discharges, days of care, average Iengtltiof

stay, and average age of patients discharged from non-Federal

short-stay hospitals, by principal expected source of payment

United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn xnfants]

Expected sources of p,eyment

All expected Self-pay,

sources of no, charge,

Item payment Prtvate Public and other

Total number of

discharges in

mllllons . . . . . . . . 35.1 15.7 16,2 31

Total days of care

In mlll)ons . 226.2 83.0 126,9 16.3

Average length of

stay in days . . 6.5 5.3 8,2 5.3

Average age of

patients in

years . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 35.9 60.2 30,7

stay for those expecting public insurance to pay for their hospital stay was much larger. This is primarily because the medicare program is designed to help older people defray the cost of

their medical bills. Older people tend to have more chronic

ailments and longer hospital stays. The number of days of care

and average length of stay for those expticting public insurance

to pay for their hospital stay was 126.9 million days of care

and an average length of stay of 8.2 days; for those expe :ting

private insurance to pay for their hospital stay the figures were

83 million days of care and an average length of stay of 5.3

days. The average age of those expecting public insurance to

pay for their hospital bills was 60.2 years; for those expecting

private insurance to pay for their hospital stay the average age

was 35.9 years.

The number and percent distribution of patients discharged

from short-stay hospitals by expected source of payment according to age and sex are provided in table 2. With the exception

of workmen’s compensation, the number of females was greater

than the number of males in each expected source of payment.

Over 50 percent of all patients discharged from short-stay

hospitals in each age group, with the exception of those 65

years of age and over, expected to pay their hospital bills through

some form of private insurance. Medicare is the expected source

of payment for most of those over 65 years of age.

White patients tended to utilize private insurance and medicare as an expected source of payment more often than black

patients while black patients tended to use medicaid as an expected source of payment more often than white patients (table 3).

About 46 percent of white patients expected private insur=ce

to pay for their hospitalizatio~ only 35 percent of black patients

expected private insurance to pay for their hospitalization. MedL

care as an expected source of payment was utilized by 35 percent of the white patients but only about 21 percent of the black

patients. On the other hand, only 7 percent of white patients

used medicaid as an expected source of payment and about

one-quarter of black patients used medicaid. These differences

are partially explained by the younger age distribution clf hospitalized black persons.
amcedaa3

Tabla 2. Number and percent distribution of patient= discharged from non-Federal shoti-stay hospitals by principal expected source of

payment, according to sax and aga: United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn ,nfan!s]

All expected Workmen’s Other

sources of Private comperr- government No Other

Sex and age payment insurance Medicare Medicaid sation payments Self-pa y charge payments

Both sexes

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Male

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Female

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Both sexes

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Male

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years. . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Female

All agas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Number m thousands

35,056 15,726 11,341 3,344 756 790 2,346 221 531

2,972 1,727 35 712 --- 113 316 24 46

13,966 8.691 332 1,9B5 464 446 1.569 131 349

7,610 5,064 1,014 551 197 196 402 65 122

10,508 244 9,961 96 96 36 59 ●

15

14,160

1,698

4,153

3.776

4,533

5,985 5,064 967

985 13 403

2,421 1B3 350

2,460 586 180

118 4,282 34

569 332 941 79 223

73 185 13

146 521 35

92 208 30

21 27 ●

26

123

66

●7

. . .

374

152

43

20,896

1.274

9,813

3,834

5,975

9,741

742

6.270

2,604

126

6,277

22

149

428

5,679

2,377 187

309 ---

1,635 91

371 44

62 52

459 1,405 142 308

40 131 11

300 1,049 95

104 193 35

15 32 *

20

225

55

●8

Percent distribution

9.5 2.2

24.0 ---

14.2 3.3

7.2 2.6

0.9 0.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

44.9

58.1

62.2

66.6

2.3

32.4

1.2

2.4

13.3

94.8

2.3 6.7 0.6

3.B 10.6 0.8

3.3 11.2 0,9

2.6 5.3 0.8

0.3 0.6 ●

1.5

1.5

2.5

1.6

0.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

42.3 35.8 6.8

58.0 0.8 23.7

5B.3 4.4 8.4

65.2 15.5 4.8

2.6 94.5 0.8

4.0 2.3 6.6 0.6

4.3 10.9 0.8

3.5 12.5 0.8

2.4 5.5 0.8

0.3 0.6 “

1.6

1.5

3.0

1.8

“0.2

. . .

9.0

4.0

00.0 1.0

00.0 46.6 30.0 11.4 0.9 2.2 6.7 0.7 1.5

00.0 58.2 1.7 24.2 --- 3.2 10.3 0.8 1.5

00.0 63.9 1.5 16.7 0.9 3.1 10.7 1.0 2.3

00.0 67.9 11.2 9.7 1.2 2.7 5.0 0.9 1.4

100.0 ‘2.1 95.0 1.0 0.9 0.2 05 “ 80.1

Hospital characteristics to pay for their hospitalization; about 10 percent of them expected to pay for their own hospitalization. On the other hand,

close to 50 percent of patients in profit and nonprofit hospitals

expected private insurance to pay for their hospitalization, but

only 6 percent or less of the inpatients expected to pay for their

own hospitalization. In addition, the percent of patients using

medicaid in the government hospitals was twice that of the

profit hospitals (12.9 and 5.6 percen~ respectively).

The percent of patients expecting private insurance to pay

for their hospit.ahzation was lowest in the West Region (39.9 percent) but similar in all other regions. The percent of patients

expecting medicare to pay for their hospitalization was higher

in the Northeast Region when compared with the South Region

(35.0 versus 30.2 percent) (table 3). There were no differences

by region in the percent of patients expecting medicaid to pay

for their hospital stay.

For patients of profit, nonprofit, and State and local government hospitals,differencesoccurred in distribution of patients by source of payment.About37 percent of all patients in

State and 10CSI government hospitals expected private insurance

Utilization by diagnosis

Table 4 provides the number and percent of discharges for

selected diagnostic categories for patients discharged from short-
4 tincedata

Table 3. Number and percent distribution of patients discharged ;rom non-Federal short-stay hospitals by principal expected source of

payment, according to race, geographic region, and type of hospital ownership: United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn infants]

Race, regron, and All expected Workmen’s Other

fype of hosp)tal sources of PrI vate compen - government No

ownership payment insurance Med\care

Other

Medicaid sation payments Self-pa y charge payments

Number In thousands

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,344 756

Race

White .,,....

Black . . . . . . . . . ,., ,. ...

Another . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Geographic region

Northeast. . ., . . . . .

Midwest. ..,,..,,.,...,,.

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Type of

hospital ownersh!p

Nonprofit, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

State or local

government . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,056 15,726 11,341

9,315

1,078

948

2,508

3.003

3,707

2,123

790

520

182

88

87

172

257

275

390

75

325

2.3

2.0

3.5

2.5

1.2

1.9

2.1

4.2

1.6

2.3

4.2

2,346

1,546

221

114

531

357

114

60

107

108

181

135

267

33

231

26,379

5,181

3.497

12,219

1,819

1,688

1,751 557

1,266 112

328 88

534

266

76

31

●8

11

27

75

52

●

65

7,168

9,111

12,274

6,502

3,174

4,234

5,726

2,592

784 106

889 225

1,140 270

532 156

395

471

966

513

23,984

3,296

11,152

1,671

7,921

1,085

2,335

32.4

35.3

20,8

27.1

35.0

33.0

30.2

32.7

33,0

32.9

30.0

2,154 536

185 102

1,411

142

7,776 2,903 1,006 118 793

Percent distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 2.2

Race

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic region

Northeast, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Type of

hospital ownersh!p

Nonprofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profit, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

State or local

govern meri t.,,.... . .

100,0 44,9 6.7 0.6 1.5

100.0

100.0

100,0

46,3

35,1

48.3

6.6 2.1

24,4 2.2

9.4 2.5

5.9

10.3

7,6

0.4

1.5

0.9

1.4

2.2

1.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

44.3

46.5

46.7

39.9

10.9 1.5

9.8 2.5

9.3 2.2

8.2 2.4

5.5

5.2

7.9

7.9

‘0.1

0.1

0.2

2,7

1.5

1.2

1.5

2.1

100.0

100.0

46.5

50.7

9.0 2.2

5.6 3.1

5.9

4.3

0.6

*

1.1

1.0

100.0 37.3 12.9 1.5 10.2 0.8 3.0

stay hospitals by expected source of payment. Heart disease

was the only first-listed dia~losis that was among the leading

diagnoses in each of the expected sources of payment. Medicare and private insurance were the expected sources of payment for about 90 percent of all heart disease discharges with

medicare accounting for about 62 percent of them. Except for

workmen’s compensation and medicare, females with deliveries

was also among the leading first-listed diagnoses for each

expected source of payment. Private insurance, medicaid, and

self-pay accounted for about 90 percent of all the discharges

for females with deliveries, with private insurance accounting

for about 6 I percent of them.

Other leading first-listed dia~oses in most of the expected

sources of payment were fractures, all sites, and malignant ne~

plasms. Fractures, all sites, was among the leading first-listed

diagnoses in each of the expected sources of payment with the

exception of medicaid and other govcmment payments; n~alignant neoplasms was among the leading first-listed diagnoses in

each of the expected sources of payment with the exception of

medicaid, workmen’s compensation, and self-pay.

W orkmen’s compensation, as would be expected, had leading diagnoses different from the other sources. Four of the five

diagnoses were injury related intervertebral disc disorders; fractures, all sites; sprains and strains of back; and inguinal hernia.

In fact, even though workmen’s compensation accounted for

only 2 percent of all expected sources of payment, it accounted

for one-fourth of all intervertebral disc disorders and one-fifth

of all sprains and strains of back (including neck).
5

Table 4. Number and percent of discharges for selected diagnostic categories for patients discharged from non-Fedaral sho~stay hospitals for

each principal expected source of payment United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn !nfants]

Number of

discharges

Diagnostic category and ICD-9-CM code in thousands Percenrl

Private insurance

Females with deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0, 393-398,402, 404,410-416,420-429

Other ischemlc heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411-413. 414.1 -414.9

Acute myocardlal tnfarctlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..41O

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208. 230–234

Fractures, allslte s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain behawor and

unspeclfted nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210-229, 235-239

Medicare

HeaRdlsease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0.393-398,402, 404,410416,420-429

Other !schemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411-413. 414.1 -414.9

Congestive heart failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...428.0

Acute myocardial mfarct!on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..41O

Cardiac dysrhythmlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...427

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208. 230-234

Cerebrovascular disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Fractures. all sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Hyperplasia of prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

Medicaid

Femaies with deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290-299

Heart dtsease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0.393-398, 402,404, 410-416, 420-429

Pneumonia, all forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4 B0-486

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

Workmen’s compensation

Intervertebral disc dworders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...722

Fractures, all sitea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Sprains and strains of back lmcludmg neck) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846-847

lngulnal hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...550

Heart dtseaae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0, 393-398,402,404,410-416, 420-429

Other government payments

Females with deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Heart dwease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0.393-398,402, 404,410-416.420-429

Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-299

Alcohol dependence syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...303

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208. 230-234

Self-pay

Females with deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Fractures, allsttes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0, 393-398,402.404,410-416, 420-429

Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-299

Abortions andectopic and molar pregnancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-639

No charge

Females with deliveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Heart dtsease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0.393-398.402, 404,41 0-4? 6, 420-429

Malignant neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208. 230-234

Fractures, allsltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Other payments

Femeies with delweries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..V27

Heart dmease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391-392.0, 393-398,402,404.410-41 6, 420-429

Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-299

Fractures, allsltes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

Malignant neopiasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..140-208.230-234

2,366

1,025

455

235

690

419

324

2,220

715

460

450

332

1.020

689

423

177

673

126

117

104

98

117

61

52

32

30

126

47

40

31

26

510

120

112

72

68

52

10

●9

*6

99

23

19

18

17

61.4

28.6

35.1

31.1

36.1

37,1

64.8

61.9

55.2

B2.6

59.6

65.0

53.4

75.2

37.4

72.1

17.5

18.0

3.3

12.2

21.2

23.0

5.4

21.9

8.4

0.8

3.3

1.3

5.8

7.9

1.4

13.2

10.6

3.1

10.3

17.9

1.3

0.3

“0.4

“0.5

2.6

0.6

2.8

1.6

0.9

lpercent of all discharges m thlsdlagnostlc categowwnh thusexpected pnncmalsoume Of Payment.
6 acluancedata

Utilization by procedures

Approximately twc-thirds of all patients under 65 years of

age who had one procedure or more performed expected private

insurance to pay for their hospitalization. For those 65 years of

age and over, medicare was the expected source of payment for

95 percent of these patients.

About 50 percent of all patients who had one procedure or

more performed expected private insurance to pay for their

hospitalization (table 5). Of these almost half were women between the ages of 15-44 years. For some of the other sources

of payment, the percent of women in this age group with one

procedure or more performed is even higher. For example, 58

percent of patients with one procedure or more performed who

expected medicaid to pay for their hospitalization and 53 percent who expected to pay for their own hospital bills were females between the ages of 15-44 years.

Table 6 provides the number and percent of all-listed surgeries for patients discharged from short-stay hospitals for each

expected source of payment. In each categoty, with the excep

tion of medicare and workmen’s compensation, the leacling surgical procedures performed were female sex specific. These

included procedures to assist delivery, cesarean section, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy and salping~oophorectomy. In addition, for patients with medicaid as a source of paymen~ bilateral

destruction or occlusion of fallopian tubes was a leading procedure. The only two surgical procedures performed that were

not sex specific were biopsy and open reduction of fracture,

except face and jaw.

Table 5. Number and percent distribution of patients with procedures discharged from non-Federal short-stay hospitala by principal expected

source of payment, according to sex and age: United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn ,nfants]

All expected Workmen’s Other

sources of Private

Sex and age

compen- government No Other

payment insurance Medicare Med!caid sation payments Self-pay charge payments

Both sexes

Al! ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years ., . . . . . . . . . . .

L5-64 years..........,..

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Male

Al’ ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Female

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over. . . . . . . . .

Both sexes

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years and over . . . . . . .

Male

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15y’ears . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over . . . . . . . . .

Female

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 years And over... . . . . .

20,651

1,283

9,104

4,605

5,658

7,900

747

2,309

2.259

2,585

12,751

537

6.795

2,346

38073

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1000

100,0

100.0

1000

1000

100.0

10,136

799

5,955

3,240

142

3,484

462

1,408

1,541

72

6,652

337

4,547

1,698

70

49.1

62.3

65.4

70.4

2.5

44.1

61,9

61.0

68.2

2.8

52.2

62.8

66.9

72.4

23

6,053

15

174

517

5,347

2,831

●6

94

297

2,434

3,221

●9

80

220

2,913

29.3

1.2

1.9

11.2

94.5

35.8

●0.8

4.1

13.1

94.2

25.3

“1.6

12

94

948

Number in thousanda

1,695 533

256 ---

1,134 323

260 148

45 63

391 413

149 . . .

143 266

82 118

18 29

1,304 121

107 . . .

991 56

178 30

28 34

Percent distribution

8.2 2.6

19.9 . . .

12.5 3.5

5.6 3.2

0.8 1.1

5.0 5.2

19.9 ..-

6.2 11.5

3.6 5.2

0.7 1.1

10.2 0.9

20.0 ---

14.6 0.8

7.6 1,3

0.9 1.1

436

51

252

111

22

159

33

60

52

14

277

18

192

59

●8

2.1

4.0

2.8

2.4

0.4

2.0

4.4

2.6

2.3

0.5

2.2

3,4

2.8

2,5

“0.3

,315

129

946

211

29

48

10

95

43

.

450 45

77

252

109

13

865

52

694

103

16

6.4

10.0

10.4

4.6

0.5

5.7

10.3

10.9

4.8

0.6

6.8

9.7

10.2

4.4

0.5

*5

20

19

*

104

●5

75

24

*

0.7

0.8

1,0

0.9

*

0.6

“0.7

0.9

0.8

*

0.8

“0.9

1,1

1.0

.

335

24

226

76

*9

128

14

66

42

*5

207

*9

160

34

●

1,6

1,8

2.5

1.7

“0.2

1.6

1.9

2.9

1.9

“0.2

1.6

“1,7

2,4

1.4

●
7

Table 6. Number and percent of all-listed procedures for selected surgical categories for patients discharged from non-Federal short-stay

hospitals for each principal expacted source of payment United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn infants]

Number

in

Surgical procedure categow and ICD-9-CM code thousands Percenrl

Private insurance

Procedures to assist delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Cesarean section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0-74 .2,74 .4.74.99

BIOPSY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hysterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...68.3-68.7

Oophorectomy andsalpingo-oophorectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...65.3-65.6

Medicare

Biopsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prostate ztomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..60.2 –60.6

Arrhroplasty of Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..81.3 -B1.8

Pacemaker insertion, replacement, removal, andrepalr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...37.7-37.8

Open reduction of fracture (except face and jaw) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 -79.3. 79.5 -79.6

Medicaid

Procedures toasslstdelive,~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Cesarean aectlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0- 74.2. 74.4, 74.99

Repair occurrent obstetric laceration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...75.5-75.6

Bilateral destruction or occlusionof fallopian tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.2-66.3

Biopsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Workmen’s compensation

Excision ordestruction ofintewenebral disc andspina! fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...80.5.81.0

Operations onmuscles, tendons, fasc!a. and bursa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82-83.1. B3.3-83.9

Repa!rof mgu!nal hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...53.0-53.1

Open reduction of fracture (except face and]aw) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 -79.3. 79.5 -79.6

Arthroplasty of\omts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..81.3–81.8

Other government payments

Procedures to assist delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Cesarean sect flon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0- 74.2. 74.4.74.99

Repair occurrent obstetric laceration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...75.5-75.6

BIOPSY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hysterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...68.3-68.7

Self-pay

Procedures to assist delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Cesarean section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0- 74.2, 74.4, 74.99

Repair of current obstetric laceration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 -75.6

Open reduction of fracture (except face and jaw) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...79.2-79.3.79.5-79.6

Biopsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No charge

Procedures to assist delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Cesarean section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0-74 .2,74 .4,74.99

Repair occurrent obstetncl aceratlon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.5-75.6

Bdateral destruction orocchmonof fallopian tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 -66.3

Other payments

Procedures to assist delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-73

Repair occurrent obstetric laceration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...75.5-76.6

Cesarean section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 -74.2. 74.4.74.99

Biopsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hysterectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6 B.3-68.7

1,597

583

549

515

397

708

2B3

239

168

157

375

135

95

88

79

66

42

32

30

28

83

24

19

16

15

327

99

80

48

50

34

12

10

●6

59

20

18

15

●lo

64.1

66.5

38.2

76.8

75.7

49.3

77.1

47.2

75.0

34.8

15.0

15.4

17.3

19.0

5.5

20.3

12.3

7.8

6.7

5.4

3.3

2.7

3.4

1.1

2.3

13.1

11.3

14,7

10.6

3.5

1.4

1.3

1.8

“1.4

2.4

3.6

2<0

1.1

*1.5

1Percent of all surgmal procedures !n this catego~ with thts expected prmclpal source of payment.

Over 60 percent of all procedures to assist delivery, cesarean as an expected source of payment was biopsy. In fact, one-half

sections. hysterectomies, and oophorectomies and salpingo- of all biopsies performed were on patients with medicare. Seventyoophorectomies were performed on patients expecting private seven percent of all prostatectomies and 75 percent of all paceinsurance to pay for these surgeries. maker insertions, replacements, removals, and repairs were perThe leading surgical procedure for patients with medicare formed on patients using medicare as a source of payment. All
8 aduancedata

Table 7. Number and percent of all-listed procedures for selected nonsurgical categories for patients discharged from non-Federal short-stay

hospitals for each principal expected source of payment United States, 1985

[Excludes newborn Infants]

Number

in

Nonsurgical procedure caregory and ICD-9-CM code thousands Percent’

Private insurance

Endoscoples of thedlgestwe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42.21-42.23.

44.11-44,13, 45.11-45,13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Arteriography and anglocardlography using contrast material, ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . ...88.4-88.5

Computerized axial tomography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03 .87.41 ,87.71,88.01,88.38

Dlagnostlc ultrasound.......,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Cardiac cathetenzat!on, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ,,, ,,, ,,, ,., ,37, 21_3723

Medicare

Endoscoples of thedigestwe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42.21-42.23.

44.11-44.13, 45.11-45.13, 45.21-45.24.48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Computer! zed axial tomography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03 .87.41 ,87.71,88.01,88.38

D!agnostlc ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Anenography and anglocardtography using contrast material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-88.5

Radioisotope scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

Medicaid

Diagnostic ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Endoscoples of thedlgestlve system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . ...42.21-42.23.

44.11-44.13, 45.11-45.13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Computerized axial tomography,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03.87.41, 87.71, 88.01, 88.38

Radiowotope scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

Artertography and anglocardiography ustng contrast material ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-88.5

Workmen’s compensation

Contrast myelogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...87.21

Computerized axial tomography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03 .87.41 ,87.71,88,01,88.38

Rad!olsotope scan,.....,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

Diagnostic ultrasound....,..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Endoscop!es of thedigestlve system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42.21-42.23.

44.11-44.13, 45.11-45.13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Other government payments

Diagnostic ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Computerized axial tomography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03, 87.41, 87.71, 88.01, 88.38

Arterlography and angiocardlography using contrast material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88.4-88.5

Endoscoples of thedigestwe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.21-42.23,

44.11-44.13, 45.11-45.13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Radioisotope scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

Self-pay

Diagnostic ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Computerized axial tomography., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.03, 87.41, 87.71, 88.01, 88.38

Endoscoptes of thedigeatwe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42.21-42.23,

44.11-44.13, 45,11-45.13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Arteriography and anglocardlography using contrast material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-88.5

Radlolsotope scan....,....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

No charge

Diagnostic ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.7

Endoscopies of thedigesttve system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42.21-42.23.

44,11-44,13, 45.11-45.13,45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51.11-51.21

Computer! zedaxlal tomography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...87.03.87.41. 87,71,88.01,88.38

Radioisotope scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

Other payments

Computanzeda xlaltomography.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87.03, 87.41,87.71, 88.01, 88.38

Dlagnostlc ultrasound ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,.......,88.7

Endoscoples of thedtgestwe system ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...42.21-42.23.

44,11-44,13, 45.11-45,13, 45.21-45.24, 48.21-48.22, 51,11-51.21

Radtotsotope scan. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,92.0-92.1

Pyelogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..87.73 –87.74

658

502

440

431

351

875

672

536

496

446

108

90

77

45

35

113

59

22

16

14

27

26

22

21

11

83

73

56

39

32

13

“7

97

*6

25

20

20

14

11

42.7

44.9

31.9

34,9

51,6

43.8

48.8

43.4

44.4

53.2

8.7

5.9

5.6

5.4

3.2

25.9

4.2

2.6

1.3

0.9

2.2

1.9

1.9

1,4

1,4

6.7

5.3

3.6

3.5

3.9

1.1

“0.5

*0.5

“0.7

1.8

1.7

1.3

1.7

2.4

1Percent of all dlagnost, c procedures m this nonsurgical category with lhls expected pnncnpal source of payment.
acimncedata 9

of the leading procedures for which workmen’s compensation

was the expected source of paymentwere for work.related injuries. These included excision or destruction of intervertebral

disc and spinal fusioq operations on muscles, tendons, fascia,

and bur.q repair of inguinal hemiq open reduction of fracture,

except face and jaw; and arthroplasty of joints.

Table 7 provides the number and percent of all-listed diagnostic procedures for each expected source of paymerk Endoscopies of the digestive system, computerized axial tomography

(CAT scan), and diagnostic ultrasound were among the leading

diagnostic procedures in each of the source of payment cateReferences

American Hospital Association. Unpublished data from The American Hospital Association 1984 Annual Survey. Chicago.

National Center for Health Statistics. M. G. Sirken. 1967a. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, summary of nonmedical statistics United

States, 1965. VitaI and Health Statistics. Series 13, No. 2. PHS Pub.

No. J000. Public Health Service. Washingtoxx U.S. Government

Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, M. J. Witkin. 1967b. Utilization of short-stay hospitals by characteristics of discharged patients

United States, 1965. Viral and Health Sfafistics Series 13, No. 3.

PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington U.S. GovernmentPrinting OffIce.

National Center for Health Statistics, M. Moien. 1974. Patient charges

in short-stay hospitals: United States, 1968–70. P’ira/ and Health

S/afistics. Series 13, No. 15. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 74-1766.

Health Resources Adrninistsation. Washington U.S. Government Prirtting OffIce.

National Center for Health Statistics, R Pokras and G. Gardocki.

1980. Expected principal source of payment for hospital discharge

United States, 1977. ,4dsance Data From Vital and Health S[aristics. No. 62. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 81-1250. Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. Graves and R Pokras. 1982.

Expected principal source of payment for hospital discharges: United

States, 1979. Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics. No.

75. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 82-1250, Public Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

gories. Approximately 87 percent of the endoscopies of the digestive system, 81 percent of the computerized axial topographies, and 78 percent of the diagnostic ultrasound procedures

were performed on patients using private insurance or medicare

as the expected source of payment.

Radioisotope scan was also among the leading diagnostic

procedures in each of the different expected source of payment

categories with the exception of those using private insurance

as the expected source of payment. Over 50 percent of the radioisotope scans were performed on patients using medicare as the

expected source of payment.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1984. Utilization

of short-stay hospitals, United States 1982 annual summary. Vita/

and Health Stafisfics. Series 13, No. 78. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 84-

1739. PuMic Health Service. Washington U.S. Government Printing

Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1985. Utilization

of short-stay hospitals Annual summary for the United States, 1983.

Vital and Hea/fh Sfatisfics. Series 13, No. 83. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

85-1744. Public Health Sewice. Washington U.S. Government PrintingOff Ice.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1986. Utilization

of short-stay hospitals: Annual summary for the United States, 1984.

Vital and Health Sfarisrics. Series 13, No. 84. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

86–1 745. Public Health Service. Washington U.S. Government Printing Otlice.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1987a. Utilization

of short-stay hospitals Annual summary for the United States, 1985.

J’iraland Heahh Statistics. Series 13, No. 91. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS)

87-1752. Public Health Service. Washington U.S. Government Printing OtXce.

National Center for Health Statistics, P. Ries. 1987b. Health care

coverage by sociodemographic and health characteristics: United

States, 1984. I‘ifal and Health S/atisrics. Series 10, No. 162. DHHS

Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1590. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S.

Government Printing Office.
10 advancedata

Technical notes

Survey methodology

Source of data

The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) encompasses patients discharged from short-stay hospitals, exclusive

of military and Veterans Administration hospitals, located in

50 States and the District of Columbia. Only hospitals with six

beds or more and an average length of stay of less than 30 days

for all patients are included in the survey. Discharges of newborn infants are excluded from this report.

The original universe for the survey consisted of 6.965

hospitals contained in the 1963 National Master Facility Inventory. New hospitals were sampled for inclusion in the survey in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1979.1981, 1983, and 1985. In ail,

558 hospitals were sampled in 1985. Data on the universe of

short-stay non-Federal hospitals are now obtained from the

American Hospital Association (unpublished).

Of the 558 hospitals in the 1985 sample, 82 refused to

participate and 62 were out of scope either because the hospital had gone out of business or because it failed to meet the

definition of a short-stay hospital. Thus, 414 hospitals participated in the survey during 1985 and provided approximately

194,800 abstracts of medical records.

Sample design and data collection

All hospitals with 1,000 beds or more in the universe of

short-stay hospitals were selected with certainty in the sample.

All hospitals with fewer than 1,000 beds were stratified, the

primary strata being 24 size-by-region classes. Within each of

these 24 primary strata, the allocation of the hospitals was

made through a controlled selection technique so that hospitals

in the sample would be properly distributed with regard to type

of ownership and geographic division. Sample hospitals were

drawn with probabilities ranging from certainty for the largest

hospitals to 1 in 40for the smallest hospitals. The within-hospital sampling ratio for selecting sample discharges varied inversely with the probability of selection of the hospital. In 1985,

for the first time, there were two data collection procedures

used for the survey. The first was the traditional manual system of sample selection and data abstraction. The second was

an automated method used in approximately 17 percent of the

sample hospitals; it involved the purchase of data tapes from

commercial abstracting services.

In hospitals using the manual procedure, sample discharges were selected using the daily listing sheet of discharges

as the sampling frame. These discharges were selected by a

random technique, usually on the basis of the terminal digit or

digits of the patient’s medical record number. The sample selection and abstraction of data from the face sheet and discharge

summary of the medical records were performed by the hospital staff or by representatives of the National Center for Health

Statistics. The completed forms were forwarded to NCHS for

coding, editing, and weighting procedures.

For hospitals using the automated procedure, tapes containing machine-readable medical record data are purchased

from commercial abstracting services. These tapes are subject

to National Center for Health Statistics sampling, editing, and

weighting procedures. A detailed description of the automated

process is to be published.

The medical abstract form and the abstract service data

tapes contain items relating to the personal characteristics of

the patient, including birth date, sex, race, and marital status

but not name and address; administrative information, including admission and discharge status and medical record number

and medical information, including diagnoses and sur~;cal and

nonsurgical operations or procedures. Since 1977, patient zip

code, expected source of payment, and dates of surgery have

also been collected. (The medical record number and patient

zip code are considered confidential information and are not

available to the public.)

Presentation of estimates

Statistics produced by the NHDS are derived by a complex estimating procedure. The basic unit of estimation is the

sample inpatient discharge abstract. The estimating procedure

used to produce essentially unbiased national estimates in the

NHDS has three principal components: inflation by reciprocals of the probabilities of sample selection. adjustment for

nonresponse, and ratio adjustment to fixed totals. These components of estimation are described in appendix I of two earlier

publications (NCHS, 1967a and 1967b). Based on consideration of the complex sample design of the NHDS, the following

guidelines are used for presenting NHDS estimates in this

report

1. If the sample size is less than 30, the value of the estimate is not reported. Only an asterisk (*) is shown in

the tables.

2. If the sample size is 30–59, the value of the estimate is

reported but should be used with caution. The estimate

is preceded by an asterisk (*) in the tables.

Sampling errors and rounding of numbers

Because the estimates for this report are based on a sample rather than the entire universe. they are subject to sampling

variability. The relative standard errors presented in ‘tables I

and II are obtained by dividktg the standard error of the estimate

by the estimate itself and are expressed as a percent of the

estimate.

About 3.1 percent of the discharges sampled for the 1985

NHDS did not have information concerning source of payment

on the face sheet of the medical record. An expected source of

payment was imputed for these discharges based on the sex

and age of the patient.

There were several edits performed on the raw data. When

a principal expected source of payment was not indicated. but

a single source of payment was listed as a secondary source of

payment, the indicated secondary source of payment was

assumed to be the principal expected source of payment. When

workmen’s compensation was listed in conjunction with other
ai’rmncedata 11

Table 1. Approximate relative standard errors of estimated numbers

of discharges: United States, 1985

?;umber of discharges

Reg)on, propr)erary,

or Slate and local All other

Size of es?imate government hospftak charactermtics

Terms such as “similar” or “no difference” mean that no statistically significant difference exists between the estimates being

compared. A lack of comment on the difference between any

two estimates does not mean that the difference was tested and

found to be not significant.

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 .000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3000.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.000 .000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,000 .000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.000 .000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40,000 .000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.4

18.3

12.0

10.3

7.5

6.6

56

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.1

13.2

10.6

6.7

5.7

4.0

3.5

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

Table 11. Approximate relative standard errors of estimated

numbers of all-listed procedures: United States, 1985

A1l-hsted

Size of estimate procedures

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2

70,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7

1,000 sOOO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0

3,0008000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1

5,000 .000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8

10.000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4

20.000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7

30,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0

insurance sources, workmen’s compensation was taken as the

principal expected source of paymenu when medicare was listed

in conjunction with other insurance sources (except workmen’s

compensation), medicare was taken as the principal expected

source of payment. Estimates have been rounded to the nearest

thousand. For this reason detailed figures within tables do not

always add to the totals.

Tests of significance

In this report. the determination of statistical inference is

based on the tw~tailed Bonfenoni test for multiple comparisons. Terms relating to differences such as “higher” and

‘less” indicate that the differences are statistically significant.

Definition of terms

Private insurance—Private insurance is health insurance

provided by nongovemrnent sources including consumers, insurance companies, private indusw, and philanthropic organizations.

Workmen’s compensation—\Vorkmen’s compensation is

a program in all States under which employees injured on the

job receive financial compensation without regard to fault.

Medicare (Title XVIII)—Medicare is a nationwide health

program providing health insurance protection, regardless of

income, to people 65 years of age and over, people eligible for

Social Security disability payments for more than 2 years, and

people with end-stage renal disease.

Medicaid—Medicaid is a joint Federal-State welfare pr~

gram, available in virtually all States, that provides benefits for

low-income persons, including the aged. To qualify for this

program, a person must meet each State’s definition of “low

income.”

Other government payments—Other government payments

refers to government payments in which the expected source of

payment cannot be classified in one of the other three governmentcategories. These include payments made under the Title

V Program, Champus (a program designed to provide medical

coverage for dependents of military persomel), no-fault casualty coverage, vocational rehabilitatio~ Federal or State research grant (medical research), or legal hold (prisoner in medical detention).

SeW-pay—Self-pay is a form of hospital payment in which

the major share of the total cost is paid by the patient, spouse,

family, or next of kin.

hTo charge—There is no charge to a patient when a patient

is admitted to a hospital with the understanding that payment

will not be expected because the medical services are provided

free of charge by the hospital. This category includes hospitalsponsored welfare, donated stafl services, hospital-sponsored

special research. and patients in “teaching”’ hospitals.

Ofherpayments—Other payments includes all other nonprofit sources of payment such as church welfare. United Way

(United Appeal). or Shriner”s Crippled Children Services.

Definitions of other terms are available in appendix II of

another report (NCHS, 1987a).
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 145. September 30, 1987

1986 Summary: National Hospital Discharge

Hospital Care Statistics Branch, Division of Health Care Statistics

Introduction During 1986 an estimated 34.3

Survey

million inpatients, excluding newborn infants, were discharged from short-stay nonThe hospital discharge rate has continued a decline that FederaJ hospitals in the United States. These patients were

began in 1983. The 1986 rate was 143 discharges per 1,000 hospitalized an average of 6.4 days and used 218.5 million

civilian population-a 14 percent decrease in 3 years (figure days of inpatient hospital care. Patients hospitalized during

1). In addition, the average length of stay in 1986 was 6.4 days 1986 accounted for 143 discharges per 1,000 civilian popcompared with 7.6 days a decade ago (figure 2). ulation.

J

140

o’ I I I I I f \ I [ I I I I ! 1 f I 1 1- 1 J

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985

1986

---- . . mgure I. uscnerge rate in non-Federal short-stay hospitals: United Statea, 1965-86

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Publlc Health Servfce
2 admncedata

9 r

8

7

-

6

/

/ ,

/

I I I I I I I i 1

0

I I I I I I I I I f ! J

1965 1970 197!5 1980 1986

1986

Figure 2. Average length of stay in non- Federel short-way hospitals: United States, 1965-86

These and other statistics presented in this repon are

based on data collected by means of the National Hospital

Discharge Survey, a continuous survey that has been conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics since 1965.

In 1986, data were abstracted from the medical records of

approximately 193,000 patients discharged from 418 shortstay non-Federal hospitals. A brief description of the sample

design, data collection procedures, and estimation process, and

definition of terms used in this report can be found in the section entitled “Technical notes.” Detailed discussions of these

items. as well as the survey form used to collect the data, have

been published (NCHS, 1970, 1987).

Coding of medical data for patients hospitalized is done

according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th

Revision, Clinical Mod@ation (ICD-9-CM) (U.S. Public

Health Service and Health Care Financing Administration,

1980). Up to seven diagnoses and four procedures are coded

for each discharge. Although dia~oses included in the ICD9–CM section entitled “Supplementary classification of external causes of injury and poisoning” (codes E800-E999) are

used by the National Hospital Discharge Survey, these diagnoses are excluded from this report, The conditions diagnosed and procedures performed are presented here by chapter

of ICD-9–CM. Within these chapters. a few diagnoses and

procedures or groups thereof also are shown, These specific

categories were selected primarily because of large numbers of

occurrences or because they are of special interest. Residual

categories of the diagnostic and procedure classes, however,

are not included in the tables. More detailed analyses of these

data will be presented in later reports in Series 13 of Vital and

Hea!th Statistics.

In 1986, approximately 19 percent of the hospitals sub

mitted machine-readable data tapes through commercial ab

stracting services. Preliminary analysis indicates that a greater

number of nonsurgical procedures per patient are obtained from

these hospitals than from hospitals submitting data in the traditional manual mode (see “Technical notes”). This has resulted

in increases from 1984 to 1986 in the estimates for miscellaneous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and, therefore, for

total procedures.

Data highlights

Utilization by patient and hospital characteristics

The number, rate, and average length of stay of patients

discharged from short-stay non-Federal hospitals are shown by

selected patient and hospital characteristics in tables 1–3. The

34.3 million patients discharged from short-stay hospitals

during 1986 included an estimated 13.9 million males and

20.3 million females. The rates per 1,000 population we:re 121

for males and 164 for females, making the rate for fe!males

about 36 percent higher than the rate for males. The number

and rate of discharges are always higher for females than for

males because of the large number of women in their childbearing years ( 15–44 years of age) who are hospitalized for

deliveries and other obstetrical conditions.

The average length of stay wss 6.8 days for males and 6.1

days for females during 1986. The length of stay for females
ackimedata 3

was shorter than that for males primarily because the average

length of stay of the 3.8 million women who were hospitalized

for deliveries was only 3.2 days.

The number of discharges from short-stay hospitals by

geographic region during 1986 ranged from 11.9 million in the

South Region to 6.5 million in the West Region, and the rates

per 1,000 population ranged from 151 in the Midwest Region to

134 in the West Region. Regional differences in the number of

discharges are accounted for mainly by variatmns in population sizes.

Average lengths of stay by geographic region were 5.5

days in the West, 6.1 days in the South, 6.6 days in the Midwest, and 7.4 days in the Nonheast.

Discharges from short-stay hospitals were about 40 percent male and 60 percent female in every hospital bed-size

group. The average length of stay increased steadily from 5.3

days in the smallest hospitals (6-99 beds) to 7.3 days in the

largest hospitals (500 beds or more) for all patients.

During 1986, voluntary nonprofit hospitals provided medical care to an estimated 23.5 million patients, or 69 percent of

all patients hospitalized. Hospitals operated by State and local

governments cared for 7. I million patients, or 21 percent of all

discharges, and proprietary hospitals operated for profit cared

for 3.6 million patients or 11 percent of all discharges. Average

lengths of stay were 6.6 days in voluntary nonprofit hospitals,

5.9 days in State and local government hospitals, and 6.0 days

in proprietary hospitals.

Utilization by diagnosis

Diseases of the circulatory system ranked first in 1986

among the ICD–9-CM diagnostic chapters as a principal or

first-listed diagnosis among patients discharged from nonFederal short-stay hospitals. These conditions accounted for

an estimated 5.6 million discharges. Other leading ICD-9-

CM diagnostic chapters were supplementary classifications

(including females with deliveries) (4.2 million discharges) and

diseases of the digestive system (3.7 million discharges).

About 39 percent of the patients discharged from non-Federal

short-stay hospitals were included in these three ICD-9-CM

diagnostic chapters.

The diagnostic categories presented in this report were

selected either because they appear as principal or first-listed

diagnoses with great frequency or because the conditions are of

special interest. Although many of these categories (such as

malignant neoplasms; psychoses: and fractures, all sites) are

groupings of more detailed dia~oses, they are presented as

single categories without showing all of the specific diagnostic inclusions.

The number and rate of discharges and average length of

stay for each ICD-9-CM diagnostic chapter and selected

categories are shown by sex and age in tables 4-6. The most

common diagnostic category for all patients was females with

deliveries. This was followed by the diagnostic categories heart

disease and malignant neoplasms. Excluding females with

deliveries, these last two non-sex-specific diagnostic categories

were also the most common first-listed diagnoses for each

sex.

The most frequent first-listed diagnoses for 1986 varied

for the different age groups. For patients under 15 years of age,

the most frequent diagnoses were pneumonia, all forms; acute

respiratory infections, except influenzz chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids; and asthma. Excluding females with deliveries, the most frequent diagnoses for patients 15-44 years

of age were psychoses; fractures, all sites: and abortions and

ectopic and molar pregnancies. Patients 45-64 years of age

were hospitalized most frequently for heart disease. The most

common diagnoses for patients 65 years of age and over were

heart disease and malignant neoplasms.

The average length of stay for all patients ranged from a

low of 1.3 days for the diagnostic catego~ chronic disease of

tonsils and adenoids, 1.7 days for the diagnostic category of

cataract, and 2.1 days for abortions and ectopic and molar

pregnancies to a high of 14.4 days for psychoses and 14.2 days

for fracture of neck of femur. Although the overall average

length of stay for females was shorter than that for males,

females stayed in the hospital longer than males for many of

the specific diagnostic categories shown in this report.

The average length of stay increased with increasing age

for most categories of diagnoses shown. Overall, the average

length of stay ranged from 4.6 days for patients under 15 years

of age to 8.5 days for patients 65 years and over.

Utilization by procedures

One or more surgical or nonsurgical procedures were performed for an estimated 20.6 million of the 34.3 million

inpatients discharged from short-stay hospitals during 1986. A

total of 38.0 million procedures, or an average of 1.8 per

patient who underwent at least one procedure, were recorded

in 1986.

Procedures are grouped in the tables of this report by the

ICD–9–CM procedure chapters. Selected procedures within

these chapters also are presented by specific categories. Some

of these categories (such as extraction of lens and hysterectomy) are presented as single categories although they may be

divided into more precise subgroups.

When grouped by chapters, miscellaneous diagnostic and

therapeutic procedures with 9.8 million procedures ranked first

among the surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed

during 1986. These were followed by operations on the digestive system with 5.7 million procedures performed. Other

leading chapters were obstetrical procedures with 4.7 million

procedures. operations on the musculoskeletal system with 3.5

million procedures, and operations on female genital organs with

3.0 million procedures. Approximately two-thirds of all procedures performed in 1986 were included in these five ICD-9-

CM procedure chapters.

The number and rate of all-listed procedures in 1986 for

each ICD-9–CM procedure chapter and selected procedure

categories we shown by sex and age in tables 7 and 8. Of the

38.0 million procedures performed during 1986, 15.3 million

were for males and 22.7 million were for females. The corresponding rates per 1,000 population were 159 for both sexes.

132 for males, and 184 for females. Of the procedures shown

in table 7, some common ones for males were arteriograpny

and angiocardiography and computerized axial tomography:
4 ackincedata

the most frequently performed procedures for females were sillectomy with or without adenoidectomy; for patients 15 –44

episiotomy and cesarean section. years of age, episiotomy and cesarean sectioxy for patients

The rate of procedures per 1,000 population increased 45–64 years of age, arteriography and zmgiocardiography,

with advancing age from 36 for patients under 15 years to 409 computerized axial tomography, and cardiac catharization,

for patients 65 years of age and over. The most frequently per- and for patients 65 years of age and over, computerized axial

formed procedures for patients under 15 years of age were ton- tomography and diagnostic ultrasound.
acklncedata 5 --

TA8LE 1. NUMBER OF INPATIENTS OISCttARGEO FROM SHORT-STAY

HOSPITALS BY SELECTEO CHARACTERISTICS: UN fTEO STATES, 198b

! DISCHARGES FROM NaN-FEOERAL HUSPITALS. EXCLUD&S NEWBORN

INFANTS :

SELECTED CHARACTERISTIC

——

TO TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AGE

UNDER 15 YE AD S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-++ YE AD S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

+5-6+ YE AR S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 YEARS ANO OVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REG1ON

NOR THEIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MI CHEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BEO SIZE

b-99 BED S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200-299 BE DS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

300-+99 BE DO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 8EOS OR MORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

014NERSHIP

NON PROFIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STATE ANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT. . . . . . .

PRO PRIETARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOTH MALE FEMALE

SEXES

———-

NuMBER CIF PATIENTS

DISCHARGE IN THOU SANOS

34.256 13.949 .?0,307

2.783 1,603 1*179

13,45s 4,100 Q,35.s

7,300 3,569 3,731

10,716 +,677 6,039

6,9’35 2,925 4.J31

8.931 3.712 5,219

11, t192 4*750 T,13+

6,478 2,555 3,923

5,61+ 2.260 3.35+

6.243 2,++4 3.799

6,21S 2.670 3.54+

8,803 3,5L2 5,.391

7,381 3,063 4.318

23,506 9*578 13,928

7.131 2,903 4,229

3,618 l.+ba 2, 150

TABLE 2. RATE OF INPATIENTS OISCHARGEO FROM SHORT-STAY

HOSPITALS, BY AGE, GEOGRAPHIC REG1ON, ANO SEX: UNITEO STATES,

1986

I DISCHARGES FROM NON-F EOERAL HOSPITALS. ExCLUOES NE!dBORN

INFANTS]

AGE ANO REGION BOTH MALE FEMALE

SEXES

TO TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AGE

UNOER 15 YE AD S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-+4 YE ADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

+5-64 YE ADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65 YEARS AND OVE R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REGION

NOR THE I ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIdles t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RATE OF PATIENTS OISCHAIWEO

PER 1,000 POPULATION

143.1 120.5 16+.4

53.5 60.3 46.5

118.9 73.4 163.2

162.2 166.1 158.7

367.3 395.6 346.1

139. + 122.7 15+.6

150.9 129.2 171. +

1+.9 120.4 167.6

13+. + 10T.7 160.3

TABLE 3. AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY FOR INPATIENTS 01 SC FIARGE2 FROM

SHOR7-STAY HOSPITALS BY SELECTEO CHARACTERISTICS:

STATES, 1986

UNITED

[ DISCHARGES FRDH NON-FEOERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUOES NEk BORN

INFANTS I

SE LECTEO CHARACTERISTIC BUTH HALE FEMALE

SEXES

AVERAGE LENbTH OF STAY IN OAYS

TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.8 6.1

AGE

UNOER 15 YE AR S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 +.5 +.6

15-+4 YEA RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*..... 4.0 6.1 4.3

+S-64 YE ADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.a 6.7 6.9

65 YEARS ANO OVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5 a.2 B.7

REGION

NOR THE IS T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.+ 7. T 7.1

MI CHEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.0 6.3

SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.+ 5.9

WEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.0 5.1

8E0 SIZE

6-99 BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.4 5.2

100-199 ados . . . . . ..*...... . . . . . . . 5.7 5.9 5.6

200-299 BEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.8 6.2

300-499 SE AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.2 6.+

500 8EOS OR MORE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 a.o 6.8

OWNERSHIP

NONPROF I T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.0 6.3

STATE ANO LOCAL GOVE RNMENT . . . . . . . 5.9 6.+ 5.5

PRO PRIETARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.3 5.8
6 adwlncedata

TABLE 4. NUMBER OF INPATIENTS OISCHA<GEO FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, BY CATEGORY OF FIRS T-L ISTEO DIAGNOSIS, SEX, ANO AGE:

STATES, 1986

uNITED

[ 01 SCHARGES FROM NON-F EOERAL H9SPI TALS. EXCLLJOES hEWBOhN INFANTS. DIAGNOSTIC GROUPINGS ANO COOE NUtlBER INCLUSIONS ARE BASEO ON THE

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF OISEASES, 9TH REVISION. CLINICAL MODIFICATION ([CO-9-CM)]

SEX AGE

CATEGORY OF FIR ST-L ISTEO DIAGNOSIS ANO ICO-9-CM COOE

ToTAL MALE FEMALE UNOER 15 L5-44 45-64 65 YEARS

YEARS YEARS YEARS AND OVER

ALL COND IT IO NO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XN, EcTIous ANo pARAs[TIc oIsEAsEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..oo1-~j9

tAEOPLASMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1+0-239

MALIGNANT NE OPLASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208. 230-234

HAL IGNANr NEOPLASM OF LARGE INTESTINE

AND RECTUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...153-154. 197.5

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF TRACHEA,

BRONCHU5, ANO LUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 .197.0. 19T.3

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF BREAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...174-175. 198.81

BE NIGh NE OPLASMS ANJ NEOPLASMS OF UNCERTAIN

BEHAVIOR ANO UNSPECIFIED NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . ..?1O-229. 235-,?39

EN20CRINE, NuTRITIONAL ANO HE TA90LIC OISEASES.

AND lMMUVITY OISOROER S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240-279

OIABETES MELLITUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

OISEASES OF THE BLOOO ANO 8LOOWFORM1NL ORGANS . . . . . . . ..28 O-289

MENTAL OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-319

PSYCHO SE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-299

ALCOHOL OEPENOENCE SYNDROME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...303

01 SEASE5 OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ANO SENSE ORGANS . . . . . . ..32 O-389

OISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . ..32 O-33349 +O-349

CA TARACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...366

OISEASES OF THE EAR ANO MASTOIO PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . ..38 O-389

OISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-459

HEART OISk AS E. . . . ..391-392. O3983-398 ,402,404,410-416,420-429

ACUTE MYOCAROIAL INFARCT I ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART OISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...414.0

OTHER ISCHEMIC HEART OISEASE . . . . . . . . ...411-413.4 14.1 -414.9

CAROIAC OYSRHYTHMI AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...427

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428.0

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..460-5L9

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, ExCEP7 influenza . . . . . ..46 C-466

CHRONIC OISEASE OF TONSILS ANO AOENOIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..474

PNEUMONIA, ALL FORM S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4 LIO-486

AS THMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

OISEASES OF 7HE OIGESTIVE SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520-579

uLCERS OF THE STOKACH ANO SMALL INTESTINE . . . . . . . . . ...53 1-534

GASTRITIS ANO OUOOENITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...535

APPEND ICI TIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..540-543

lNGUINAL HER NI B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55o

NONINFECTIOUS ENTERITIS ANO COLITIS . . . . . . . . . . . ...555-556.558

CHOLELITHI AS I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5T4

OISEASES OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5 SO-629

CALCULUS OF K1ONEY ANO URETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...59.?

HYPERPLASIA OF PROS TATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

COMPLZCATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CH1L081RTW,

ANO THE PUERPERIUM 1/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. b30-676

ABORTIONS ANO EC TOPIC ANO MOLAR PREGNANCIE S. . . . . . . . .. b3O-639

OISEASES OF 7HE SKIN ANO SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE . . . . . . . . . ..68 O-7O9

OISEASES OF THE A4USC-ULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

ANO CONNECTIVE T IS SUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...710-739

AR THROP4THIES ANO RELATEO olSOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..71 O-T19

INTERVERTEBRAL OISC OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..T22

COMGENZTAL ANOMALIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

CERTAIN CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THE

PER INATAL PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

SYMPTOMS, SIGNS, ANO ILL-OEFINEO CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . ..78 O-799

INJURY ANO PO IRON ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-999

FRACTURES, ALL SIT ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...800-829

FRACTURE OF NECK OF FEMUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...820

SPRAINS AND STRAINS OF BACK (I NcLuOING NE CK) . . . . . . . ..846-E47

INTRACRANIAL 2NJURIES (E XCUOING TH05E IAr7H

SKULL FRACTUR E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. B50-854

LACERATIONS ANO OPEN uOUNOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...870-904

SUPPLEMENTARY CL AS SIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0 . . . . . . . .. V01-V82

FEMALES UITH DEL IV ERIE S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..VZ7

34.256

700

2.305

1,860

210

290

2i6

445

1.117

491

333

1,807

7b6

397

1.039

401

104

217

5,563

3.731

758

338

1,043

515

582

889

3.204

426

255

943

477

3,732

295

196

250

304

429

494

2,665

331

256

089

343

515

2,081

475

504

267

139

454

3,225

1*1OO

252

192

267

284

+,222

3,762

NUMBER OF PA TIEN7S OISCHARGEO IN THOUSANOS

13.949

343

959

866

105

175

e

93

422

205

147

962

35b

303

480

194

41

107

2,846

2,002

46T

219

565

240

274

398

1,560

213

107

471

206

1,696

149

79

138

273

169

142

949

219

256

. . .

. . .

249

940

194

208

149

79

225

1,776

540

62

98

163

219

169

. . .

20,307

357

l,34b

994

105

115

214

353

695

286

186

6+5

410

93

558

206

b2

110

2.717

1.729

290

119

479

275

308

491

1,644

213

14.s

472

271

2,036

146

117

112

31

260

352

1,T15

112

. . .

889

343

266

1,142

280

216

118

60

229

1,449

560

190

95

104

65

4,052

3,762

2,783

104

.50

42

0

17

80

20

60

53

=6

a

19b

60

*

94

3B

25

s

o

s

*B

*

*

772

1 b9

166

194

158

308

*

11

56

3+

115

*

91

*

*

*5

n

50

53

14

*

163

138

83

395

134

*

*

60

35

55

11

13*458

223

423

2.?2

05

15

35

201

2b8

133

92

1,111

422

258

270

136

*5

48

4bB

247

42

16

61

41

13

34

657

80

86

134

122

1,150

67

77

153

7B

159

171

1.210

164

*

883

341

177

838

142

273

59

*

196

1,453

3s1

08

116

140

187

3,973

3*748

7,300

95

774

631

59

120

86

143

285

15’?

55

392

180

11+

225

79

20

41

1,717

1,219

263

156

412

L2B

104

178

585

60

*

148

99

977

80

54

28

94

65

150

613

114

60

*

*

132

639

125

178

31

*

109

561

173

23

55

29

36

110

*

10,716

198

1,049

964

14b

155

96

85

484

179

126

251

158

24

348

127

76

35

3,341

2,240

452

16+

561

338

4b 1

674

1,189

lla

u

466

9B

L,28L3

146

54

13

9B

90

17’0

751

51

194

. . .

. . .

156

552

193

52

14

66

81b

413

218

16

38

2b

84

. . .

1/ FIR ST-L ISTEO OIAGNOSIS FOR FEMALES 141TH DELIVERIES IS COOEO v27, SHOWN UNOER ‘SUPPLEMENTARY CLASS IF I CATIONS.-
achancedata 7

TA6LE 5. RATE OF IN PAr IENr S DIsCHARGE FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, 8Y CATEG:lRY OF FIRS T-L ISTEO OIAGNOSIS, SEX, ANO AGE:

STATES. 1986

UN ITEO

[ DISCHARGES FROM NON-FEDERAL HOSPITALS. EXCLUOES NEw80RN lNFANr S. DIAGNOSTIC GROUPINGS ANO COOE NUMBER 1NCLUS1ONS ARE BASE3 ON THE

INTERNATIONAL CL AS SIFICATIGN OF OISEASES, 9TH REVISION, CLINICAL ~OOIF ICATION (I CO-9-CH)]

.— —.

SEX AGE

CATEGORY OF FIRS T-L ISTEO OIAGNOSIS AND [CO-9-CM COOE

TOTAL MAL5 FEMALE UNOER 15 15-44 45-64 65 YEARS

YEARS YEARS YEARS AtiO OVER

—. -— -.—

RATE OF INPATIENTS OISCHARGEO PER 10,000 POPULATION

ALL CONO IT ION S........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INFECTIOUS ANO PARASITIC DISEASE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .001- 139

NEOPLASHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I+o-z39

MALIGNANT NE OPLASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l+o-zo8.230-z3+

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF LARGE INTESTINE

ANO RECTUM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L53-15+. 197.5

MALIGNANT NEOPLASfl OF TRACHEA.

RRONCliUS, ANO LUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162, 197. o,197.3

MALI GNANr NEOPLASM OF BREASr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l74-l75. 196.81

BENIGN NEOPLASMS ANO NEOPLASMS JF UNCERTAIN

BEHAVIOR ANO UNSPECIFIED NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ZIO-Z29. Z35-Z39

ENOOCRINE. NUTRITIONAL ANO METABOLIC OISEASES.

ANO IMMUNITY OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..z+o-279

OIABETES MELLITUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..z5o

OISEASES OF THE BLOOO ANO BLOOC3-F3RHING ORGANS . . . . . . . ..28 O-Z89

MENTAL OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .z90-3L9

PSYCHOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..290-z99

ALCOHOL OEPENOENCE SYNOR014E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3o3

OISEASES OF THE NERvOUS SYSTEM ANO SENSE ORGANS . . . . . . ..3 ZO-3.99

OISEASES JF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTE14 . . . . . ..3 ZO-333494O-349

CA TARACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...366

OISEASES OF THE EAR ANO MASTOIO PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3.9 O-389

OXSEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..39 O-459

HEART OISEASE . . . . ..391-392. 0.393-398. +02.404.41 O-4l6.42O-+Z9

ACUTE MYOCAROIAL INFARCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEART OISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+1+.0

OTHER ISCHEHIC HEART OISEASE . . . . . . . . . ..411 -414.914 .1-4 I4.9

CAROIAC 05’SRHYTHH IDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6z T

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..428. o

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+30-43B

OISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4 EIO-5I9

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, EXCEPr INFLUENZA . . . . . ..46 O-466

CHRONIC OISEASE OF TONSILS ANO AoENo Ios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4T4

PNEUMONIA. ALL FOR US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-+86

AS THMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

OISEASES OF THE OIGESTIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..52 O-579

ULCERS OF THE STOMACH ANO SMALL INTES TIN E . . . . . . . . . . ..531-534

GASTRITIS ANO DUOOENITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...535

APPEND IC IBIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...540-543

INGUINAL HERNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55o

NONINFECTIOUS ENTERITIS ANO COLIT I S . . . . . . . . . . . . ..555-556.558

CHOLELITH tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...574

OISEASES OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5 I3O-OZ9

CALCULUS OF KIONEY ANO URETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..59Z

HYPE RPLASIA OF PRO STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CHIL091RTH,

ANO THE PUERPERIUM 1/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-476

ABORTIONS ANO EC TOPIC ANI3 .NOLAR PREGNANC IES . . . . . . . . ..63 O-639

OISEASES OF THE SKIN ANO SU8CUTA!AEOUS TISSUE . . . . . . . . . ..68 O-7O9

OISEASES OF THE WSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEH

ANO CONNECTIVE TISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. TIO-739

AR THROPArHIES ANO RELAr EO OISORJERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...710-719

INTERVERTEBRAL OISC OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7zz

CONGENITAL ANOMALI ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

CERTAIN CJNOITXONS ORIGINATING IN THE

PER INATAL PER IOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

SYMPTOMS, SIGNS, ANO ILL-OEFINEO CGNOXTIONS . . . . . . . . . . ..78 O-799

INJURY ANO PO ISONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8 OO.999

FRACTURES, ALL SIT ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..soo-sz9

FRACTURE OF NECK OF FEMUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ezo

SPRAINS ANO STRAINS OF BACK (l?ACLUOING NECK) . . . . . . ...846-8+7

INTRACRANIAL INJURIES (E XCUOING rHOsE WITH

SKULL FRACTURE ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L150-1354

LACERATIONS ANO OPEN !40UNOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..87 O-9O4

SUPPLEMENTARY CL AS SIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. VO1-V8z

FEHALES HITH DEL Iv ERIE S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..v27

1,+31.2

29.3

96.3

7T.7

8.8

12.1

9.0

18.6

46.7

20.5

13.9

7’5.5

32.0

16.6

43. +

16.7

*.3

9.1

232.4

155.9

31.7

14.1

43.6

21.5

24.3

3T.1

133.8

LT.8

10.6

39.4

19.9

155.9

12.3

8.2

10.5

12.7

17.9

20.6

111.3

13.8

10.7

37.1

1+.3

21.5

87.0

19.8

21.0

11.1

5.8

19.0

134.7

66.0

10.5

8.0

11.1

11.9

176.4

157.2

1.204.6

29.6

dZ.8

74.8

9.1

15.1

*

a.o

36.4

17.7

12.7

a3.1

30.8

26.2

41.5

16.8

3.6

9.3

2+5.8

172.9

40.4

1s.9

48.8

20.7

23.7

3+.4

134.7

iO.4

9.2

40.6

17.8

1+6.4

12.9

6.8

11.9

.?3.6

14.6

12.2

82.0

16.9

22.1

. . .

. . .

ZL.5

81.2

16.8

24.8

lz. a

6.8

19.4

153. +

+6.6

5.4

8.4

14.1

1s.9

14.6

. . .

1.6+3.5

28.9

109.0

80.4

8.5

9.3

17.3

28.6

56.3

23.1

15.0

68.4

33.2

7.6

45.2

16.7

5.0

8.9

.?19.9

139.9

23.5

9.6

38.8

22.3

24.9

39.7

133.0

17.2

1,?.0

38.2

21.9

164.8

11.8

9.5

9.1

2.5

21.1

28.5

138.8

9.1

. . .

72.0

27. s

21.5

92.4

22.7

17.5

9.b

4.9

18.5

117.3

45.4

15.4

7.7

8.4

5.3

326.0

304.5

535.3

35.4

LL.5

8.2

*

3.3

15.5

3.8

11.5

LO.Z

*1.1

*

37.6

11.6

*

18.0

7.3

4.8

*

E

*

=1.5

*

*

148.0

32.4

31.9

37. +

30.3

59.3

*

2.2

10.8

6.5

22.1

e

17. +

u

*

*0.9

*

9.6

10.2

2.7

*

31.4

26.5

16.0

76.0

25.7

*

*

11.6

b.?

Lob

2.1

1 .168.8

19.7

37.3

19.6

=0. +

1.3

3.1

lT.7

23.6

11.7

8.2

98.1

37.3

22.8

23..3

11.9

=0.5

+.2

41.3

21.8

3.7

1.5

5.9

3.6

1.2

3.0

58.1

7.1

7.b

11.9

10.8

10Z.3

5.9

6.A

13.5

6.9

14.1

15.1

106.9

14.5

*

70.3

30.1

15.0

74.0

12.6

24.1

5.2

=

17.3

128.3

33.6

*0.7

10.6

12.3

16.5

350.9

331.1

1,622.2

21.1

171.9

140.2

13.0

26.7

lB.8

31.7

63.3

35.4

12.2

87.1

40.1

25.4

50.0

17.5

+.+

9.0

381.5

270.9

58.4

34.7

91.5

28.5

23.1

39.5

13C. O

13.3

*

32.9

22.0

217.1

lT.8

12.1

6.2

20.8

14.5

33.4

13’5.2

25.3

13.3

*

*

29.4

1+2.0

27.9

39.5

6.0

*

24.3

124.6

38.4

5.1

12.3

6.6

0.1

24.5

0

3,673.1

68.0

359.6

330.6-

50.1

53.3

3.?.9

29.0

165.9

6L.5

+3.3

a6.1

54.2

8.1

119.4

+3.7

26.0

12.0

1* 145.3

767.7

155.0

56.4

192.3

116.0

158.2

231.0

407.6

40.3

s

159.9

33.7

441.7

50.2

18. +

4.6

33.7

30.8

58.3

257.4

17.5

66.5

. . .

. . .

53.5

1B9. I

66.0

17. a

?.8

2z. T

279.8

1+1.5

74.8

5.6

13.0

8.9

28.7

. . .

I/ FIRsT-I. IsTEO OX AGNOSIS FOR FEMALES HITH OELIVERIES IS COOEO vz7, SHWN UNOEk -SUPPLEMENTARY Class ifications..
8 acklncedata

TA8LE 6. AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY FOR INPATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS. BY CATEGORY (3F FIRj T-L ISTEO OIAGNOSIS. SEX.

ANO AGE: UN ITEO STATES, 19S6

i DISCHARGES FROM NON-F EOEPAL H2SPITALS. ExCLLIOES NEwBORN INFANTS. CIIAGNOSTLC GROUPINGS ANO COOE NUMbER INCLUSIONS ARE BASEO ON THE

INTERNATIONAL CL AS SIFICATIUN OF OISEASES, 9TH IEVISION, CLINICAL MOO IF ICATION (I CO-9-CM)]

Stx AGE

CATEGORY OF FIR ST-L ISTEO 31 AGNOSIS ANO ICJ-9-CM COOE ——

TOTAL PIALE FEMALE UNCER 15 15-4+ 45-64 6,5 YEARS

YEARS YEARS YEARS ANO OVER

—— — ——

AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY IN OAYS

ALL CO ED IT ION S........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INFECTIOUS ANO PARASITIC DISEASE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001-I 39

NEOPLASM S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1+0-239

MALIGNANT NE OPLA SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1+0-208,230-23+

WA L1GN4h T NEOPLASM OF LARG6 INTESTINE

AWD RECTUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...153- 15+, 197.5

*A LIGb AvT NEOPLASM OF TRACHEA,

ERONCHUS, AN> LuNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,. 16.2,197.0,197.3

MALIGNANT NEOPLASM OF BREAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174-175,196.81

EIENIGN NE OPLASHS ANO NEOPLASPS OF uNCERTAIN

6EHAVIOK ANO uNSPECIFIEO NATURE . . . . . . . . . . . .. Z39+ZZ9. Z35-Z39

ENOOCRINE, NUTRITIONAL ANO METABOLIC OISEASES,

ANO IMMUNITY OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..< . . . . . . . ...240-2 79

OIAEETES HE LLITuS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...” . . . . . . . . . . ...250

OISEASES OF THE BLOOO ANO BLOOO-FORMING ORGANS . . . . . . . ..28 O-Z69

MENTAL OISaROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...290-3 19

PSYCHO SE A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..290-299

ALCOHOL OEPENOENCE SYNDROME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...303

OISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ANO SENSE ORGAN S . . . . . . ..3 ZO-369

OISEASCS OF THE CENTRAL NERvOUS SYST5M . . . . . ..3 ZO-333494O-349

CA TARAC T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...366

OISEASES OF THE EAR ANO MA STOIO PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . ..38 O-3E9

01 SE4SES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-+59

HEART OISEASE. .-.. .391-39Z .039d, -39d, 402,+04.+10-416,420-429

ACUTE MYLICAROIAL INFARCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEAIT D IS EAS E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+14.0

GTHER IS CHE!41C HEART OISEASE . . . . . . . . ...411-4 13,414 .1-41+.9

CA ROIAC OYSRHYTHHI AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+27

C9NGES71VE HEART FAILuRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...428.0

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-+38

OISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..46 O-519

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, EXCEPT INFLu EN ZA . . . . . ..46 O-466

CHRONIC OISEASE OF TONSILS AMO AOENOIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...474

PNEUMONIA, ALL FOR MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+8O-486

AS THMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

OISEASES OF THE OIGESTIVE System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5.? 0-579

ULCERS OF THE ST OMAC14 ANO SMALL INTESTINE . . . . . . . . . . .. 531-534

GASTRITIS ANO OUOOEtdl TIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...535

APPEND ICI TI S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...540-543

INGUINAL HE RNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55o

NONINFECTIOUS ENTERITIS ANO COLITIS . . . . . . . . . . . ...555-556.558

CHOLELITHI AS IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...574

OISEASES OF THE GE NI TOUR INARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-629

CALCULUS OF KIONEY ANO URETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...592

HYPE RPL ASIA OF PRO ST AT E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, CHILOMIRTH,

RNO 7HE PUERPERIUH 1/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-676

ABORTIONS ANO EC TOPIC ANO MOLAR PREGNANC IES . . . . . . . . ..63 O-639

OISEASES OF THE SKIN ANO SUBCUTANEOUS 71ssuE . . . . . . . . . ..68 O-7O9

OISEASES OF THE HuSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

AMG CONNECTIVE T IS SUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-....710-739

AR TMROPATHIES AN> RELATEo 01 S3ROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710-719

IN TERVERTF9RAL OISC OISOROERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..72Z

CONGENITAL AN OMALIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74cP759

CER7AIN CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THS

PER IN ATAL PER103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..760-TT9

SYMPTOMS, SIGNS, ANO lLL-OEF INED COND IT IO NO . . . . . . . . . . ..180-799

INJURY ANO PO ISONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. BOO-999

FRACTURES, ALL SIT ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...000-829

FRA.CTURE OF NECK OF FE94uR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...820

SPRAINS AWD STRAINS OF 8ACK (I NC LUOING NE CK) . . . . . . . ..846-S47

IN TPACRAP. IAL INJuRIES (Ex CUOING THOSE WITH

SKULL FRACTURE ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..85 O.B54

LA CEQATIG!, S AND OPEti MOUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...870-904

SUP PLE~ENTA’7Y CL AS SIFICATI OHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. VOI-V8Z

FEMALES IWITH OELIVEQ I ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v2T

6.4

7.0

8.4

9.1

12.’s

8.8

T.1

5.3

7.2

7.6

5.8

12.3

14. +

10.7

5.6

9.3

1.7

2.9

7.5

7.0

8.9

6.2

5.3

5.9

6.2

9.7

6.0

4.7

1.3

7.8

4.8

6.1

7.1

4.5

4.9

3.0

4.8

6.9

5.2

3.6

5.7

2.5

2.1

7.9

6.6

7.8

6.9

5.5

9.0

3.4

6.4

8.6

14.2

5.6

5.0

*.5

3.3

3.2

b. 8

7.4

5.0

9.+

13.1

8.6

=

4.9

T.2

7.4

5.9

11.9

13.7

10.5

6.G

10.0

1.9

2.7

7.2

6.7

8.5

6.2

5.1

5.2

‘7.7

9.5

5.9

4.4

1.3

7.6

4.4

5.5

6.6

4.2

4.7

2.9

4.5

7.6

5.5

3.3

5.7

. . .

. . .

7.7

6.3

7.0

6. +

5.5

7.6

3.2

5.8

7.+

12.9

5.3

4. a

4.2

4.3

. . .

6.1

6.6

7.9

B.8

12.5

9.2

7.0

5.4

7.1

7.8

5.8

12.7

15.1

11.2

5.3

8.5

1.6

3.1

7.8

7.4

9.5

6.2

5.5

6.5

8.7

9.9

6.1

5.1

1.3

8.0

5.1

6.5

7.7

4.7

5.0

3.8

5.1

6.6

5.0

4.0

. . .

2.5

2.1

8.o

6.9

8.4

7.5

5.5

10.8

3.5

7.2

9.7

1+.6

5.8

5.4

5.2

3.2

3.2

4.6

3.0

5.4

6.6

*

2.5

5.6

4.1

4.0

24.2

=41.6

*

4.0

6.8

*

2.3

6.6

7.7

*

a

*

*9.9

*

*

3.2

3.2

1.3

+.6

3.2

3.4

e

2.9

+.1

1.7

3.0

u

4.0

*

s

$2.0

*

4.4

6.3

7.2

c

5.1

9.0

3.0

4.2

5.2

e

*

2.8

3.1

4.0

3.5

+.8

6.3

5.9

6.8

=10.9

8.0

6.2

4.9

5.4

5.4

5.4

12.0

14.5

10.4

5.8

8.1

*2.3

2.5

5.7

5.7

7.2

5.0

4.2

4.2

7.3

10.9

4.0

3.6

1.3

6.3

4.1

4.8

5.2

3.8

4.2

2.3

5.0

5.3

4.2

2.9

*

2.5

2.1

5.9

5.1

+.4

6.+

4.+

*

3.2

5.2

b.4

*15.1

5.4

5.3

4.1

3.2

3.2

6.8

0.7

8.2

8.8

11.3

0.7

6.8

5.+

7.0

8.0

5.9

11.5

14.2

10.7

5.4

9.6

1.7

2.9

6.7

6.4

8.2

5.5

4.9

5.5

8.0

9.7

6.7

5.9

e

8.0

6.1

b.2

7.2

4.6

6.8

3.0

5.4

6.5

5.0

3.7

5.0

*

*

8.1

6.4

7.0

7.0

8.1

c

3.2

6.6

7.8

13.0

5.8

4.9

5.8

4.2

*

8.5

9.8

9.6

9.9

13.5

9.0

7.7

6.6

8.5

9.+

?.0

12.2

13.5

13.1

6.5

11.3

1.7

4.9

8.1

7.5

9.4

7.0

5.8

6.1

8.3

9.6

8.6

7.0

*

9.5

6.8

7.8

0.0

5.8

11.3

3.9

6.6

8.8

7.2

5.2

6.0

. . .

. . .

10.9

9.3

10.9

8.9

0.7

4.7

9.8

11.9

14.2

6.5

7.4

7.3

6.6

. . .

1/ FIR ST-L ISTEO 01 AGIA3SIS FOR FFHALES IAITH DELIvERIES IS COOEO VZ?, SHOWN uNOER MSUPPLEHEN7ARY CL OSSIFICATIONS.-
atancecbta 9

TABLE ‘7. NuM8ER GF ALL-LISTED ?RJCEmJRES FOR INPATIENTS OISCIiAAGt D FaOI+ SHIIK T-STAY HOSPIIALS. 5Y PROCEDURE CATEGORY. SEX. ANO A-i:

uNIrEO STATES, 198e

[ ‘DISCHARGES FRO14 tION-FE3ERAL HflSPITALS. EXCLUOES NE’d50RN lNFANIS. PROCEDURE WOUP1%S ANO COOE WtILLER INCLUSIONS ARE 8ASE0 G% TIIE

INTERNATIONAL CL AS SIFICATIflN .IF OISEASES, 9TH REVISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (I CO-*-CM)]

—.-. — ———— .-. — —— ——. .—— . ---- -— .—— .—.

SE/ AGE

PROCEOURE CA TEGORy ANO lco-9-cM COOE — .——

TOTAL SAL E FEHALk UNOER 15 15-44 45-64 b5 YEAaS

YEARS YEARS YEARS AvO OVER

WMEi ER CIF ALL-L ISTEO PRCJCEJURES IN THOUSANOS

ALL PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OPERATIONS LIN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. OI-O5

SPINAL TAP.............................................• I

OPERATIONS ON IHE ENOOCRINE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...06-07

OPERATIONS ON THE EYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..&9-L6

EXTRACTION OF LENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13. I- 13. b

INSERTION JF PROSTHETIC LENS (P SE UOOPHAKOS )....... . . . ...13.7

OPERATIONS ON THE EAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...18-20

OPERATIONS ‘JN THE NOSE. MOUTH, ANO PHARYNX . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2 L-29

RHINOPLASTY ANO REPAIR OF NOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ZI.8

TONSILLECTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT AOENOIOECTOMY . . . . . . ..23.2 -Z8.3

OPERATIONS ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..30-34

SRONCHOSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.21-33.23

OPERATIONS CN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...35-39

REMOVAL OF CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..36. o

DIRECT HEART REVASCULAR IZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..36. I

CAROIAC CA THE TERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3 T.21-37.23

PACEMAKER INSERTION, REPLACEMENT, REi?OVAL, REP AI R..37.7-37.8

OPERATIONS W THE HEMIC ANO LYMPHATIC SYSTE~ . . . . . . . . . . . ..4O-+l

OPERATIONS W 7HE OIGESTIVE SYSIEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...62-56

Es0pnAG0sc3PY ANO GA STROSCOPY (NATURAL oRIFIcE )..42.23,44. L3

PARTIAL GASTRECTC44Y ANO RESECTION

OF IN TEST! NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+3.5.+3.8 .45.6.+5.8

ENOOSCOPY OF LARGE INTESTINE (NATURAL OR IF ICE) . . . . . . . ..+5.2+

APPENDECTOMY. EXCLUOING lVCIOENTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+7.0

HEHORRHOIO EC TOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..49.43 -49.46

CHOLECYST EC T014Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..51. z

REPAIR OF IWWINAL HE RN I A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...53.0-53.1

OIVISION JF PERITONEAL AOHESIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5+.5

OPERATIONS :* THE URrtxARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55-S9

EN OOSCOPIES (NATURAL OR IF ICE)..55.21-55 .22,56 .3 L,57.3,?,58.22

OPERATIONS :N THE MALE .5ENr TAL ORGANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6O-64

PROS TATECT3FIY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..60.2 -t.o.6

OPERATIONS ON IHE FEMALE GENITAL JRGANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65-7L

00 PHOREC70~Y ANO SALPINGO-OO PHORECTOMY . . . . . . . . . . ...65.3-65.6

BILATERAL 3ESTRUCTr ON OR 0CCLUSr3N

OF FALLOPIAN TUB ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...66.2-66.3

HYSTEREC TJ14Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..t.8.3-6a. T

01 LA710N .iw O CURETTAGE OF IJTE?u S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. b9. O

REPAIR OF CYST OCELE ,wO REC72CELE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7o.5

0BSTE7R1CAL ?ROCEOURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75

EPr SIOTOMY til TH OR uITHOUT F9RCEPS

OR VACUUM EXTRACT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1,7,? .21,72.31,72.71,73.6

CESAREAN S5CTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74. ~- T+. Z. T4. +. 74.99

REPAIR OF CURRENT OBSTETRIC LACE RAT ION . . . . . . . . . . ...75.5-75.6

OPERATIONS SW THE WJSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...76-8+

OPEN REOUCTION OF FRACTURE

ExCEPT JAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.79, 79.2 -T9.3, 79. 5-79.6

OTHER REOUCTION OF FRACTURE

ExCEPT .JA14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T6.70,76. T.S,79. O-7’+ .1,79.4

EXCr SION C? OBSTRUCTION OF rNTERVERIEBRAL OISC

ANO SPINAL FuSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..eo.5. sl. o

ARTHROPLASTY ANO REPLACEMENT OF KNEE . . . . . . . . . . . ..81.41- .31.47

AR THROPLASTY ANO REPLACEMENT OF HIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..dl.5-i3l.6

OPERATIONS CN WSCLE.i, TENcIONS, FASCIA,

AUO WRSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...82-83.1.83.3-83.9

OPERATIONS W THE IN TEGUMENTARY SYSTE14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85-/36

MAST EC TOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85.4

EXCISION JR OESTRUCION OF LESION OR TISSUE OF SKIN

OR SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...86.2-56.+

SKIN GRAFT (EXCEPT LIP OR MOUTH ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..86. b-8b.l

MISCELLANEOUS OIAGNOSTIC ANO THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES......87-99

COt4PUTERIZS0 AXIAL TJ~OGRAPHY..87 .03,87. vL,87.71,88. Ol,88.38

PYELOGFIAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..87.73 -87.75

ART ERr OGRAPHV ANO ANGIOCARO13GRAPHY

USING COh TRAST MA TERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-88.5

OIAGNOSTr C ULTRA SOUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..88.7

CIRCULATORY MONITOR ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...89.4

RAOIOISOT2PE SCAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..92.6 -9Z.1

38,000

933

3+7

101

561

122

105

20s

1,046

153

281

1,011

199

2,786

133

264

775

214

403

5,728

19+

Z93

4+8

275

114

502

329

325

1,885

671

718

367

2,999

50Z

423

644

47Z

1+7

4,701

1.741

906

bl.?

3,521

459

214

338

185

201

344

1,619

132

565

150

9,781

1,531

406

L,Z85

1.411

799

851

15,318

+80

180

26

252

+8

40

120

535

79

121

585

119

1,684

94

Zl+

495

113

Z03

2,434

92

128

192

143

60

144

493

5+

1,159

493

718

367

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

L.754

239

L 10

211

91

63

196

b51

:

283

87

+.718

7+7

223

771

547

41+

389

22,682

453

167

75

310

74

65

86

511

74

160

426

80

L, 102

39

70

280

101

200

3,294

102

165

Z56

132

55

356

36

271

726

178

. . .

. . .

2, 999

502

6Z3

644

+72

147

+. 701

1.7+1

Q06

612

1,?67

2Z0

104

1.?7

94

138

1+9

969

130

28’?

b3

5,062

784

183

514

865

3!35

+bz

l,a87

164

123

* 5

37

=

:

102

280

: 7

176

57

1+

129

e

32

*

2C

221

*7

: 5

*5

59

*

3;

=

01

14

79

. . .

39

*

*

15

=7

*

3

220

32

55

:

*

*

JO

93

40

17

392

68

13

17

52

20

la

15, 192

326

99

41

96

. .

-8

s

60

484

109

LOO

199

36

332

15

16

82

Ea

96

1.798

38

41

80

17+

54

176

a+

175

4ZT

113

8CI

*

.?,186

2r7

%21

39T

3az

48

4,68Z

1,T32

90+

609

1,533

180

T3

191

75

*8

163

61?Z

19

225

50

2,209

3+6

145

159

+35

10+

1+9

8,976

214

45

3Z

13Z

23

L8

31

la5

27

*

313

65

L. Loa

74

14+

3a6

4+

116

1,471

56

ao

L1O

Za

40

157

101

67

52o

17a

147

77

573

1T3

197

66

60

*

a

z

*

abz

8Z

33

115

33

+0

9e

++6

51

134

37

Z,825

373

110

579

337

L8+

254

11.946

Z29

ao

23

297

87

83

16

96

10

*

442

85

1,217

4?4

125

275

158

171

z.z3a

93

168

.?54

15

19

166

lJT

91

a77

366

411

2e7

Z30

51

. . .

57

23

39

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

905

Lb5

53

Z9

74

152

54

+3a

63

166

46

** 355

743

138

529

587

492

+29

.—— —.-
10 advancedata ——

TABLE S. RATE OF ALL-LISTED PROCEDURES FOR INPATIENTS O IS CHARGED FROM SHORT-STAY HOSPITALS, SV PROCEDURE CATEGORY, SEX, ANO AGE:

UNITED STATES, 19B6

[ DISCHARGES FROM NON-F EOERAL HOSPITALS. ExCLUUES NE MBORN INFANTS. PROCEOURE GROUPINGS ANO CODE NUMBER INCLUSIONS ARE BASED ON THE

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF 01 SE AS6S, 9TH REvISION, CLINICAL MODIFICATION (I CO-9-CM)]

.——

SE K AGE

PRDCEOURE CATEGORY ANO lCO-9-CM COOE

TOTAL MALE FkMALE UNOER 15 15-44 45-64 65 YEARS

YEARS YEARS YEARS ANO OVER

——

RATE OF ALL-LISTED PROCEDURES PER 100,000 POPULATION

ALL PROCEDURE S........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OPERATIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...01-05

SPINAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..D3 .31

OPERATIONS ON THE EN OOCRINE SYSTEH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. O6-O7

OPERATIONS i3N THE EYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...06-16

EXTRA CTIGh OF LENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..13. 1-L3ii

IN SERT IOh OF PROSTHETIC LENS (P SEUOOPHAICOS ) . . . . . . . . . . . ..13. T

OPERATIONS ON THE EAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...18-20

OPERATIONS ON THE NOSE. MOUTH, ANO PHARYFAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ZI-Z9

RHINOPLASTY ANO REPAIR OF NOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..z I.E

TONSILLECTOMY blITH OR IAIT HOUT AOENOIOECTOH Y . . . . . ...23.2-28.3

OPERATIONS ON THE RESPIRATORY sYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-3+

BRONCHOSC OPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..33.21 -33. Z3

OPERATIONS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-39

REMOVAL OF CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCT I ON . . ...”..... . . . . ...36.0

OIRECT HEART REVASCULAR IZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...36.1

CAROIAC cATHETER1z ATIOk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..37.2 l.37.23

PACEMAKER lNSERTIOh, REPLACEMENT, REMOVAL, REP AI R..3T.7-37.8

OPERATIONS ON THE HEMIC ANO LYMpHATIC SySTEM. (, . . . . . . . . ...40-41

OPERATIONS ON THE OIGESTIVE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+2-5+

ES OPHAGOSCOPY ANO GA STROSCOPY (NATURAL CIRIFICE )..4Z. Z3,44. I3

PARTIAL GA ST RECTOMY ANO RESECTION

OF IN TEST ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...43.5-+3.8.+5.6+5.8

EN OOSCOp Y 2F LARGE INTESTINE (NATuRAL OR IF ICE) . . . . . . ...45.2+

APPENOECTO14Y, EXCLULIING INC I DE NT A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+7. o

HE MORRHJ13EC TOM Y........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+9.43-49.46

CHOLECYSTE CT OMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..51. z

REPAIR OF INGUINAL t4ERhIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...53.0-53.1

OIVISXON CF PERITONEAL AD HE SIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...54.5

OPERATIONS ON THE URINARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...55-59

ENOOSCOPIES (NATURAL OR IF ICE)..55.21-55 .22,56.3 I ,57.3 Z,58. Z2

OPERATIONS ON THE MALE GENITAL ORGANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..60-6+

PRO S7ATECTOHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...60.2-60.6

OPERATIONS ON THE FEMALE GENITAL CIRGANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..65-7 I

00 PHORECT3MY ANO SALPINGO-OO PHORECTOMY.. . . . . . . . . ...65.3-65.6

BILATERAL 0ES7RUCTION OR OCCLUSION

OF FiLLDp IAN Tug Es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...56.2-66.3

HYSTERECTOblY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68.3 -68.7

O1LATION ANO CURETTAGE OF uTERUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. b9. o

REPAIR OF CYST OCELE ANO REc Toc EKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...70.5

OBSTETRICAL PROCEDURE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...72-75

EPISIOTOMY WITH OR dITHou T FORCEPS

OR VACUUM Extract ion . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1, 72.21, 72.31, ?2. T1 ,73.6

CESAREAN SEC TION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74. O-74. Z,?4.4,74.99

REPAIR OF CURRENT OBSTETRIC LACE RA710N....... . . . ...75.5-75.6

OPERATIONS ON THE WJSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-8+

OPEh REOUCTION OF FRACTURE

EXCEPT JAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76. T9, T9.2-79. 3,79.5-79.6

OTHER REOU:TION OF FRACTURE

EXCEPT JAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76. T0,76.78,79 .0-79.1, T9.4

EXCISION JR DESTRUCTION OF INTERVERTEBRAL LIISC

ANO SPINAL FUS13h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85.5. B1. o

ART HROPLASTY ANO REPLACEMENT OF KNEE . . . . . . . . . . . ..81 .41-81 .47

AR THRop L6. s7Y ANO REP LA CE14ENT OF Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81.5-81.6

OPERATIONS ON MuSCLES, TENOONS, FASCIA,

ANO 8URS A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82-83 . 1.83.3-83 .9

OPERATIONS ON THE IN TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85-86

MA ST EC TO MY....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...85.4

EXCIS1ON OR OESTRUC1ON OF LESION OR rISSUE OF SKIN

OR SUBCUTANEOUS T IS SUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...86.2-86.4

SKIN GRAFT (EXCEPT LIP OiZ MOUTH ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.6 -86.7

MI SC EL LiNE0U5 DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PRO CECWRES . . . . .. B7-99

COMPUTERIZE AXIAL TOMOGRAPH Y..8T. O3,87.41 ,8 T.71 ,83.01,88.3.9

PYELOGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87. 73-87.75

AR TERIOGRAPHY ANO ANGIOCAROIOGRAPHY

USING CONTRAST MA TERI AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...88.4-88.5

OIAGNOSTIC ULTRA SO UN D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88. T

CIRCULATORY MONI TAR ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...89.6

RADIOISOTOPE SCAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...92.0-92.1

15,.S76.0

389a

144.9

+2.2

234.5

51.0

43.7

.s7.1

436.9

64.1

117.4

422.4

83.3

1 ,164.0

55.8

118.8

323.8

a9.5

165$.3

2,393.2

aL.1

122.5

18T.3

115.0

+7.7

209.8

137.5

135.9

707.5

280.3

299.8

153.2

1,252.8

209.8

lT6. a

269.1

197.0

61.3

1,963.8

727.5

378.4

255.8

1.+70.9

191.7

a9.5

161.1

77.4

a3.9

143.8

676.5

55.3

235.9

62.6

4,086.2

639.6

169. a

53b. T

589. T

334.0

355.3

13,228.2

414.9

155.2

22.1

217.4

41.4

34.5

103.6

462.0

68.4

104.1

505.0

102.7

1,454.1

81.5

185.1

427.6

9T.8

175.2

2* 102.1

79.3

110.5

165.9

123.3

51.5

124.1

253.3

+6.6

1.000.8

425.6

619.7

316.7

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

1. 514.5

206.4

95.4

181.8

TB.4

5+.7

169.0

561.9

*

244.0

75.4

+,074.7

645.5

192.6

665.7

472. i

35T.9

335a

18,357.7

366.3

135.2

61.0

250.5

60.0

52.11

71.6

+13.4

60.1

129.8

345.0

65.1

a92.1

31.7

56.8

226.4

81.8

161.7

2 ,666.0

a2.7

133.8

207.3

107.1

44.2

290.1

29.0

219.7

5f3T.6

144.2

. . .

. . .

2,427.0

406.4

342.6

521.4

381.6

110.a

3,804.4

1,409.3

733.0

495.6

1,430.0

177.9

84.0

102.9

70.5

111.3

120.2

784.0

105.4

228.4

50.7

4,097.1

634.2

140.4

415.8

699.8

311.6

373.6

3,629.2

316.0

235.7

=10.5

7L.6

*

*

196.5

539.1

=13.9

339.2

109.9

26.6

24e. a

=

62.1

*

38.3

424.7

*13.1

08.8

=8.8

112.7

*

*

72.1

*

117.2

26.9

152.5

. . .

*16.9

*

*

29.7

=14.0

*

9

424.2

61.9

105.2

e

~

*

5T.3

179.1

7T.2

32.2

754.3

131.6

25a

33.3

100.8

38.0

35.0

13,420.4

287.9

07.8

36.3

84. +

*7.1

u

52. T

428.0

96.2

88.5

176.1

31.6

293.4

13.2

13.9

72.5

*6.9

85.2

1.5aa.5

33.9

36. L

70.3

153.5

48.0

155.6

74.0

154.7

3T6.8

99.6

70.7

u

1,931.4

244.3

372.0

350.3

337.2

42.5

4, 136.2

1.530.3

798.4

537.8

1,354.3

158.7

64.7

168.7

65.9

=7.1

1’+3.8

567.5

16.4

198.6

44.3

1,951.1

305.5

127.7

140.3

384.2

91.7

131.5

19,946.6

474.8

99.6

70.1

292.6

5L. a

40.1

68.6

410.1

60.5

*

694.8

143.6

2,462.1

164.6

319.1

857.8

97.5

25T.4

3V26a. a

124.4

L77.4

244.7

62.3

89.8

348.5

225.0

147.9

1,156.3

396.6

327.1

171.3

L,274. O

385.4

*

424.5

146.3

133.2

0

0

*

o

1,914.9

182.3

73.7

255.2

72.7

89.7

217.4

991.7

112.9

297.4

83.0

6,2T6.9

829.7

244.3

1,287.2

748.8

409.6

564a

40,947.9

786.0

274.3

78.8

1,017.8

298.1

285.8

54.3

330.7

34.4

*

1.514. a

291.9

4,170. a

150.4

429.0

941.4

542.9

584.7

7,672.5

318.1

5T6. O

870.6

50.7

64.7

S69.5

365. T

276.0

3,006.7

1,253.9

1,409.1

985.2

7a9.3

173.6

. . .

194.0

79.3

132.7

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

3, L03.4

565.7

182.3

98.6

252.6

521.2

la4.6

1.,500.0

216.2

56a.9

156.6

1+,928.9

i!.548. l

474.6

1,814.2

2,012.5

l*6a5. o

1,471.4
adwncedata 11

References

National Center for Health Statistics. M. G. Sirken. 1967a. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, summary of nonmedlcal statistics, United

States, 1965. Viraf and HeaMt Statistics. Series 13, No. 2. PHS Pub.

No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing OffIce.

National Center for Health Statistics. M. J. Witkin. 1967b. Utilization of short-stay hospitals by characteristics of dwcharged patients.

United States, 1965. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 13. No. 3.

PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, W. R. Simmons. 1970. Development of the design of the NCHS Hospital Discharge Survey. Vital

and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 39. PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public

Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Otfice.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. J. Graves. 1987. Utilization

of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1985, annual summary. J‘iral

and Healfh Stafisfics. Series 13, No. 91. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-

1752. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Ofllce.

U.S. Public Health Service and Health Care Financing Administration. 1980. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision,

Clinical Modzficafion. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 80-1260. PubIic

Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office.
12 advancedata

Technical notes

Survey methodology

Source of data

The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) encompasses patients discharged from short-stay hospitals, exclusive

of m-iIitary and Veterans Administration hospitals, located in

50 States and the District of Columbia. Only hospitals with six

beds or more and an average length of stay of less than 30 days

for all patients are included in the survey. Discharges of newborn infants are excluded from this report.

The original universe for the survey consisted of 6,965

hospitals contained in the 1963 National Master Facility Inventory. New hospitals were sampled for inclusion in the survey

in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, and 1985. In all, 558

hospitals were sampled in 1986. Of these hospitals. 75 refused

to participate, and 65 were out of scope. The 418 participating

hospitals provided approximately 193,000 abstracts of medical

records.

Sample design and data collection

AM hospitals with 1,000 beds or more in the universe of

short-stay hospitals were selected with certainty in the sample.

All hospitals with fewer than 1,000 beds were stratified, the

primary strata being 24 size-by-region classes. Within each of

these 24 pnma~ strata, the allocation of the hospitals was

made through a controlled selection technique so that hospitals

in the sample would be properly distributed with regard to type

of ownership and geographic division. Sample hospitals were

drawn with probabilities ranging from certainty for the largest

hospitals to 1 in 40 for the smallest hospitals. The withinhospital sampling ratio for selecting sample discharges vaned

inversely with the probability of selection of the hospital.

In 1985, for the first time, there were two data collection

procedures used for the survey. The first was the traditional

manual system of sample selection and data abstraction. The

second involved the purchase of data tapes from commercial

abstracting services. In 1986 this automated method was used

in approximately 19 percent of the sample hospitals.

In the manual hospitals, sample discharges were selected

using the daily listing sheet of discharges as the sampling frame.

These discharges were selected by a random technique, usually

on the basis of the terminal digit or digits of the patient’s medical

record number. The sample selection and abstraction of data

from the face sheet and discharge summary of the medical

records were performed by the hospital sta.fYor by representatives of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The

completed forms were forwarded to NCHS for coding, editing,

and weighting procedures.

For the automated hospitals, tapes containing machinereadabh+ medical record data are purchased from commercial

abstracting services. These tapes are subject to NCHS sampling,

editing, and weighting procedures. A detailed description of the

automated process is to be published.

The Medical Abstract Form and the abstract semice data

tapes contain items relating to the personal characteristics of

the patient. including birth date, sex, race, and marital status

but not name and address; administrative information, including

admission and discharge dates, discharge status, and medical

record numbeq and medical information, including diagnoses

and surgical and nonsurgical operations or procedures. Since

1977, patient zip code. expected source of payment, and dates

of surgery have also been collected (The medical record number

and patient zip code are considered confidential information

and are not available to the public. )

Presentation of estimates

Statistics produced by NHDS are derived by a complex

estimating procedure. The basic unit of estimation is the sample

inpatient discharge abstract. The estimating procedure used to

produce essentially unbiased national estimates in NHDS has

three principal components: Inflation by reciprocals of the probabilities of sample selection, adjustment for nonresponse, and

ratio adjustment to fixed totals. These components of estimation

are described in appendix I of two earlier publications (NCHS,

1967a, 1967 b).

Based on consideration of the complex sample design of

NHDS, the following guidelines are used for presenting NHDS

estimates in this repott:

● If the sample size is less than 30, the value of the estimate

is not reported. Only an asterisk (*) is shown in the tables.

● If the sample size is 30–59. the value of the estimate is

reported but should be used with caution. The estimate is

preceded by an asterisk (*) in the tables.

Sampling errors and rounding of numbers

The standard error is a measure of the sampling variability

that occurs by chartce because only a sample, rather than an

entire universe, is surveyed. The relative standard error of the

estimate is obtained by dividing the standard error by the estimate itself and is expressed as a percent of the estimate. Relative

standard errors for first-listed diagnoses and all-listed procedures are shown in table I. The relative standard errors for

region and ownership of hospital are approximately 1!4 times

larger. The standard errors for average lengths of stay are shown

in table II.

Estimates have been rounded to the nearest thousand. For

this reason detailed figures within tables do not always add to

the totals. Rates and average lengths of stay were calculated

from originaL unrounded figures and will not necessarily agree

precisely with rates or average lengths of stay calculated from

rounded data.

Tests of significance

In this report, the determination of statistical inference is

based on the two-tailed Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons.

Terms relating to differences such as “’higher’” and “less’” indicate that the differences are statistically significant. Terms

NOTE: A list of references follow the text.
advancedata 13

Table 1. Approximate relative standerd errors of astimated

numbers of first- listad discharges and all-listed procedures:

United States, 1986

First-listed All- 1isted

Size of estimate diagnosis procedures

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,000 . .’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,000.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40.000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.2

10.6

6.7

5.7

4.0

3.5

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

18.2

15.1

10.3

8.9

6.7

6.0

5.1

4.8

4.4

4.1

4.0

. . .

Table i L Approximate standard errors of average Iengtha of stay by

number of discharges United States, 1986

Average length of stay in days

Number of discharges 2 6 70 20

Standard error m days

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.4

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 0.9 7.2

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9

l, 000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.7

5,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.8 . . .

such as “similar” or “no difference” mean that no statistically

significant difference exists between the estimates being compared. A lack of comment on the difference between any two

estimates does not mean that the difference was tested and

found to be not significan~

Definition of terms

Terms relating to hospitals and

hospital characteristics

Hospitals— Short-stay special and general hospitals have

six beds or more for inpatient use and art average length of stay

of less than 30 days. Federal hospitals and hospital units of

institutions are not included.

Bed size of hospita/—Measured by the number of beds,

cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularly maintained (set up and

statTed for use) for patients; bassinets for newborn infants are

not included. In this report the classification of hospitals by

bed size reported by the hospitals is based on the number of

beds at or near midyear.

Type of ownership of hospitai—Deterrnined by the organization that controls and operates the hospital. Hospitals are

grouped as follows:

● Voluntary %onproj7t—Hospitals operated by a church or

another nonprofit organization.

● Govermnent—Hospitals operated by a State or local government.

● Proprieta~—Hospitals operated by individuals, partnerships, or corporations for profit.

Terms relating to hospitalization

Patient—A person who is formaily admitted to the inpatient

service of a short-stay hospital for observation, care, diagnosis,

or treatment. In this report the number of patients refers to the

number of discharges during the year including any multiple

discharges of the same individual from one or more short-stay

hospitals. Infants admitted on the day of birth, directly or by

transfer from another medical facility, with or without mention

of disease. disorder, or immaturity, are included. All newborn

infants, defined as those admitted by birth to the hospital. are

excluded from this report. The terms “’patient” and “inpatient”

are used synonymously.

Discharge—The formal release of a patient by a hospital;

that is, the termination of a period of hospitalization by death

or by disposition to place of residence, nursing home, or another

hospital. The terms “discharges” and “patients discharged”

are used synonymously.

Discharge rate—The ratio of the number of hospital discharges during a year to the number of persons in the civilian

population on July 1 of that year.

Days of care—l%e total number of patient days accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged from shortstay hospitats during a year. A stay of less than 1 day (patient

admission and discharge on the same day) is counted as 1 day

in the summation of total days of care. For patients admitted

and discharged on different days, the number of days of care is

computed by counting all days from ( and including) the date of

admission to (but not including) the date of discharge.

Rate of days of care—The ratio of the number of patient

days accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged

from short-stay hospitals during a year to the number of persons

in the civilian population on July 1 of that year.

Average length of stay—l%e total number of patient days

accumulated at time of discharge by patients discharged during

the year, divided by the number of patients discharged.

Terms relating to diagnoses

Discharge diagnoses— One or more diseases or injuries

(or some factor that influences he~th status and contact with

health services which is not itself a current illness or injury)

listed by the attending physician or the medical record of a

patient. In the NHDS all discharge (or final) diagnoses listed

on the face sheet (summary sheet) of the medical record for

patients discharged from the inpatient service of short-stay

hospitals are transcribed in the order listed. Each sample discharge is assigned a maximum of seven five-digit codes according to ICD-9-CM (U.S. Public HeaIth Service and Health

Care Financing Administration. 1980). The number of principal or first-listed diagnoses is equivalent to the number of

discharges.

principal diagnosis—l%e condition established after study

to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the

patient to the hospital for care.

NOTE A listof referemxs follows the mm
14 acklmeclata

First-Iis(ed diagnosis—The coded diagnosis identified as

the principal diagnosis or listed first on the face sheet of the

medical record if the principal diagnosis cannot be identified.

The number of first-listed diagnoses is equivalent to the number

of discharges.

Procedures— One or more surgical or nonsurgical operations, procedures. or special treatments assigned by the physician to patients discharged from the inpatient service of shortstay hospitals. In the NHDS all terms listed on the face sheet

(summary sheet) of the medical record under the captions “operation, “ “operative procedures, ” “operations and/or special

treatment,’” and the like are transcribed in the order listed. A

maximum of four procedures is coded.

Rare of procedures– The ratio of the number of all-listed

procedures during a year to the number of persons in the civilian

population on July I of that year.

Demographic terms

Age—Refers to the age of the patient on the birthday prior

to admission to the hospital inpatient service.

Population— Civilian population is the resident population

excluding members of the Armed Forces.

Geographic regions— One of the four geographic regions

of the United States corresponding to those used by the U.S.

Bureau of the Census:

Regton

Northeast

Midwest . . . .

South . . . . . .

West. ,, . . . .

States included

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Mwssachusetrs, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New

York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania

Mlchlgan, Ohio, Illinom Indiana, Wtsconsin,

Minnesota, Iowa, Mlssoun, North Dakota,

South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas

Delaware, Maryland, Dmtrict of Columbia,

Vtrg!nia, West Virginia, North Caroltna,

South Carolina, Georgia, Flor!da, Kentucky,

Tennessee, Alabama, Misslsslppi, Arksnsas, Loutsiana, Oklahoma, and TexasMontana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New

Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, and Alaska.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 146 ● November 19, 1987

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes

Provisional Data From the Na~ional Health Interview Survey:

United States, August 1987

by Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D., Marcie Cynamon, M.A.,

and Joseph E. Fitti, M.S.P.H., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has introduced questions on the adult population’s knowledge and

attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

(AIDS) in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

This report presents provisional findings for August, the

first month of data collection with the AIDS questionnaire.

The AIDS questionnaire was designed to provide baseline estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about

AIDS transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection

and changes in knowledge and attitudes over time. Data

also were needed for the planning and development of

AIDS educational campaigns and for evaluation of educational efforts.

The AIDS questionnaire was developed by the National Center for HeaIth Statistics and interagency working

groups established by the Information, Education and Risk

Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The working groups

included representatives from the Centers for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the Alcohol, Drug

Abuse and Mental Health Administration; and the Health

Resources and Services Administration.

The questionnaire includes items on self-assessment of

knowledge about AIDS; sources of information about

AIDS; knowledge about AIDS and AIDS-related risk factors, modes of transmission, and blood tests for the AIDS

virus; plans to take such a test; recent experience with

blood donation; self-assessment of chances of getting

AIDS; personal knowledge of people with AIDS or the

AIDS virus; and finally, the willingness of respondents to

take part in a proposed national seroprevalence study.

This report presents provisional data for all AIDS

questionnaire items. Table 1 displays percent distributions

of persons 18 years of age and over by response categories

according to age, sex, race, and marital status. In most

cases, the actual question asked of the respondent is reproduced verbatim in table 1, along with the response categories. In a few cases, questions or response categories hare

been rephrased or combined. Refusals and other nonresponses are excluded from the denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know” are

included.

Selected findings

Awareness o~A_ZDS-Virtually everyone (more than 99

percent) has heard of AIDS. Almost three-fourths of adults

(74 percent) last saw, heard, or read something about

AIDS \vithin 3 days of the NHIS intemiew.

Se~-perceired knowledge-Twenty percent of adults 1S

years of age and over feel that they !-mowa lot about AIDS

(compared to most people); 40 percent feel they know

some; 30 percent feel they !-mowa little: and 10 percent feel

they know nothing about AIDS. Adults 50 years and over

are more likely than younger adults to state that they know

nothing about AIDS and less likely to think that they know

a lot. Black respondents (17 percent) are almost twice as

likely as white respondents (9 percent) to state that they

know nothing about AIDS.

General knowledge—Figure 1 shows the percents answering “definitely true” and “probably true” to selected

knowledge questions. The majority of respondents are certain that AIDS leads to death (S9 percent) and th:it there is

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Sewice ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

AIDS leads to death

There IS no cure for AIDS at presenl

Any person with the AIDS virus can Dass iton to

someone else through sexual intercourse

A pregnant woman who has the AIDS virus can give AIDS

to her baby

AIDS can cripple Ihe body”s natural protection againsl

disease

A person can be infected with the A!DS virus and nol

nave the dtsease AIDS

AIDS is a disease caused by a virus

The AIDS virus can damage Ihe brain

I I I I I J

o 20 40 60 80 Ioc)

Percent

SOURCE: National Cenler for Health Statwtics, Division of Health Interview Sta!isllcs, National Heallh Interview Survey.

Figure 1. Provisional estimates of percent of adults 18 years of age and over who think selected statements about AIDS are defirtitely true

or probably true: United States, August 1987

no cure for AIDS at present (83 percent). Three-fourths of

adults think that it is definitely true that anyone with the

AIDS virus can transmit it to other individuals through

sexual intercourse; another 18 percent think that it is

probably true. About two-thirds of the adults in the United

States definitely think that AIDS can cripple the body’s

natural protection against disease and that a pregnant

woman can transmit AfDS to her baby.

There is less certainty about the causes of AIDS and

about the relationship between the AIDS virus and the

disease AIDS: 44 percent of adults definitely believe that a

virus causes AIDS, and 31 percent think that this is probably true; 50 percent are certain that a person can be

infected with the AIDS virus and not have the disease

AIDS, and 27 percent think that this is probably true.

Adults are less informed about the specific ways that AIDS

can affect its victims than about its causes; for example, 24

percent are certain that the AIDS virus can damage the

brain. For the most part, the lowest levels of general

knowledge are found among adults 50 years of age and

over, consistent with their own self-assessment as a group

that they know relatively little about the disease.

Transmission of the AIDS virus—Most Americans are

aware of the ways in which the AIDS virus is most likely to

be transmitted. More than 9 out of 10 adults say that it is

very likely that a person will get AIDS from having sex with

a person who has AIDS (92 percent) or by sharing needles

for drug use with someone who has AIDS (91 percent). On

the other hand, the level of misinformation about modes of

transmission, particularly from casual contact, is very high.

For example, donating blood is considered a likely mode of

transmission by 25 percent; working near someone with

AIDS by 21 percent; sharing eating utensils with :someone

who has AIDS by 47 percent; using public toilets by 31

percent; and being bitten by mosquitoes or other insects by

38 percent.

Black respondents are significantly more likely than

white respondents to perceive a threat of AIDS virus

infection from receiving a blood transfusion, donating

blood, using public toilets, or various other types of casual

contact with persons who have AIDS.

There are few differences by age, sex, and marital

status in knowledge or misinformation about the transmission of AIDS.

Blood test for the AIDS virus-A number of questions

were asked about blood tests for the AIDS virus. Ch’erall,

70 percent of adults have heard of the blood test. Persons

30-49 years of age are most likely (79 percent) and persons

50 years of age and over least likely (57 percent) to have

heard of the test. Although there is widespread awareness

that a blood test for the AIDS virus is available, there

appears to be some misunderstanding about the purpose of

the test. Forty-one percent of adults (5S pcrcenc of those

who have heard of the test) erroneously bclic~e that the

blood test results tell whether a person IKIS the disease

AIDS.

Seven percent of respondents r~port h:k~in~ had their

blood tested for the AIDS virus, including 2 p:rcc!nt Who

voluntarily said that they were tested bccausc of a blood

donation or transfusion. (on the other h~nd. fibout 12

percent report having gi~ren blood since J mu LIT 1985, [he

approximate date when routine tCSling Of ~iiJn:lICCl b]ood
began.) These provisional data indicate that adults under

qge 30 are about four times as likely to have had the AIDS

blood test as persons 50 years of age and over. In addition,

11 percent of all adults have thought about having the

AIDS test, and 4 percent say that they plan to be tested in

the next 12 months. Twelve percent of Americans age 1S

years and over know someone who has had the AIDS blood

test.

Risk of getting AIDS—Most adults believe that they

(and the people that they know) are at little or no risk of

AIDS virus infection. Nine in 10 feel that there is no chance

(60 percent) or a low chance (30 percent) of getting AIDS

themselves. Six in 10 say that the chance of someone they

know getting AIDS is low (34 percent) or nonexistent (26

percent). Six percent of adults report personally knowing

someone with the AIDS virus.

AIDS prevention —Almost 9 out of 10 knericans

realize that both celibacy and restricting sexual activity to a

advanceciata 3

monogamous relationship with a person who does not have

the AIDS virus are very effective ways to avoid infection

with the AIDS virus. One-third (34 percent) think that

using condoms is a very effective way to avoid the virus, and

an additional 48 percent consider this method somewhat

effective. Slightly more than one-half of the adults in the

United States (56 percent) think that using a diaphragm is

not an effective way to avoid infection with the AIDS virus.

An almost equal proportion (54 percent) feel that using

spermicides is ineffective in AIDS prevention.

MDS dkussion and education —Two-thirds of adults

(67 percent) have discussed AIDS with friends or relatives.

Persons age 50 and over are the least likely to have done so.

Of adults with children between the ages of 10 and 17, 60

percent have talked with their children about AIDS (12

percent of all adults), and just over one-third of those with

children in this age range report that their children have

received instruction about AIDS at school.

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
4 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persona 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987

[Data are based on household Interviewsof the civilrannonlnslitufiinallzedpopulation.The surveydesign, general qualifications, and information on the reliability of

the esltmates are gtven In technical notes]

Age Sex Race Marit,al status

16-.?9 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or atlflude Totat years years and over Male Female white Black Married Unmarried

Percent dishibutioni

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

2.

3a.

3b.

3C.

3d.

3e.

3f.

4a,

4b,

Have you ever heard of AIDS? When was lhe last llme you saw,

heard, or read something abouf AIDS?

O-3 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7ciays ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-14 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Moretnan 31daye ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compared to most people, how much would you say you know

about AIDS?

Alit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lltfle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSisadlsease causedbyavirus.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS can cripple the body’s natural prolectin against disease.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmrfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’I know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS ts especially common In older people.

Defmifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The AIDS virus can damage the brain.

Defmifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmrtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS usually leads to heart disease.

Definrtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defnmtelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSleadstodeath.

Defmttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmtelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where do you get most of your information about AIDS?Z

Telewwon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relatrvesandfriends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/filers/pamphlets . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doclor/HMO/clmlc..,,.,..,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Of the sources you just told me, from which one do you gel the

most mformatlon?

Televwan,.., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazine s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pamphlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/clmlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table

100

74

14

3

4

2

0

3

20

40

30

10

0

44

31

4

4

le

69

19

1

1

10

1

1

24

65

9

24

33

8

5

22

7

22

16

14

41

89

8

0

0

2

81’

61

30

10

10

7

6

14

1

54

23

8

2

2

9

1

100

65

19

4

6

;

2

22

43

32

3

52

33

4

2

9

72

18

1

1

8

1

4

64

7

22

33

11

6

28

7

22

17

15

40

90

9

1

80

z

12

15

7

6

16

1

57

17

8

:

13

1

10U

77

14

2

4

2

0

1

24

46

2a

5

0

52

31

2

3

12

76

17

0

:

0

2:

70

5

24

32

10

6

27

6

22

20

18

34

92

6

0

0

1

61

65

33

9

10

8

8

16

52

24

11

2

2

9

0

100

76

11

2

3

1

0

5

74

31

33

22

0

30

29

5

6

31

60

21

1

1

17

1

2:

60

16

25

33

5

4

33

6

21

12

9

49

85

10

0

0

4

63

63

26

9

7

5

5

9

1

55

28

6

1

1

7

2

100

75

13

3

3

2

0

3

20

39

Ze

12

0

48

29

4

3

16

70

19

1

1

9

1

1

25

63

10

22

34

9

7

28

6

21

20

16

37

87

10

0

0

3

60

65

26

11

10

7

5

13

1

53

27

7

2

1

9

1

loa

72

15

3

5

3

1

2

20

40

31

9

0

40

32

4

5

19

69

19

1

1

11

0

1

23

66

9

26

31

8

4

31

8

23

14

12

44

91

7

0

0

2

82

58

33

9

10

7

8

14

1

56

20

9

2

2

10

1

100

75

14

3

4

2

0

2

20

41

30

9

0

44

30

4

4

la

72

17

1

1

8

0

1

24

86

8

23

33

9

6

29

6

21

17

14

41

69

6

0

0

2

81

63

31

10

9

5

6

14

1

z

9

1

2

9

1

100

69

16

3

6

1

5

18

33

32

17

39

39

2

3

17

64

27

1

1:

1

2

20

62

14

30

34

7

2

27

12

27

11

12

38

90

7

3

84

49

21

8

17

15

7

14

2

62

14

5

6

2

9

3

100

76

14

3

4

2

0

2

19

42

29

10

0

43

31

4

4

18

71

18

1

1

9

0

1

24

66

6

23

34

8

6

29

7

22

16

14

41

90

6

0

0

1

82

84

30

10

8

6

7

13

0

55

24

9

2

2

6

1

100

70

14

3

4

3

1

4

21

36

32

11

0

46

30

3

3

17

68

19

1

1

11

1

1

23

63

12

25

31

8

5

30

7

23

17

14

40

87

9

0

4

80

57

29

10

14

8

5

16

1

53

23

7

2

2

12

1
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the ctvilisn noninstttul!malized populatbn. The survey destgn, general qualfffftiir!s, and information on the reliabiiii of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sax Race Marital status

16-29 .X7-49 m years

AIDS knowledge or attitude Total years years and over MaIe Female Wrte Black Married Urrmemed

5a.

5tl

6a

6b.

6C.

6d.

6e.

6f.

7.

7a

7b.

If you wanted more specific Information about AtDS, where

would you get it?z

Doctorll-tMO/clinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public heatthdepartmerd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ubrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Which one source would you most likely use?

tYoctor/HMO/clinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publk2heallh department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ubrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSholline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A person can be Infected wiih the AIDS virus and not have the

diiease AIDS.

Deflnifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PrObablytNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

You can tell If people have the AIDS viNs just by looking at

them.

Definitelytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Detlnttelyfalae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Any person wlfh the AIDS virus can pass it on to someone alse

during sexual intercourse.

Deflnitelykue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apregnantwoman whohastheAIDS viruscangtveAIDS to

her tmby.

Definlelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There is a vaccine available to the publlc that protec!s a person

from getfingtheAIDS virus.

Deflnifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There la no cure for NDS at present.

Deflnttelyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definflelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howllke[ydoyou thinkilisthataperson willgettheAIDS virus

lromFtacetvlngablood transfusion?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vetyunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelynot poSible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donatingorgtwng blood?

VeWllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

=Mewhatllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunhkety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

oefmrtelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s~f=mtesaterd oftable.

80

16

12

9

32

11

49

11

6

7

15

11

50

27

4

4

15

1

1:

65

11

75

18

1

1

5

z

1

0

8

2

4

12

65

16

83

9

;

5

37

32

13

13

1

4

10

15

14

35

18

7

60

14

13

10

38

8

48

9

7

8

19

8

51

28

5

7

12

1

4

23

64

8

79

16

1

2

3

71

22

1

0

6

2

4

15

65

74

82

9

;

4

37

32

16

11

1

4

11

17

15

34

18

5

60

19

16

9

31

7

48

15

8

6

15

7

69

24

4

3

10

1

1:

74

6

78

18

1

1

2

73

21

0

6

3

4

9

73

10

65

8

:

4

36

31

14

16

1

2

9

15

12

41

20

4

68

13

7

$

18

50

9

4

7

12

19

39

31

4

2

23

1

5

16

56

21

70

20

1

1

9

63

25

1

11

2

5

12

58

24

81

9

;

7

39

33

11

11

:

11

15

16

30

17

11

Percent diitributionl

55

18

11

$

12

45

13

;

16

13

50

26

5

4

15

1

4

19

88

11

72

21

1

1

5

67

24

0

0

9

2

4

12

68

13

83

9

2

2

5

35

28

15

16

1

4

10

15

15

37

18

5

83

14

*3

9

35

10

52

;

7

15

10

50

27

4

4

15

1

4

17

65

12

79

16

1

1

4

71

21

1

0

7

3

5

12

63

19

83

8

:

5

3s

35

12

10

0

4

10

15

14

34

19

8

59

16

12

9

32

11

48

12

6

7

15

12

61

28

4

3

14

1

4

18

66

11

75

19

1

1

5

69

23

0

0

8

2

4

12

88

15

85

9

;

4

35

32

14

15

:

8

14

14

37

20

6

67

13

10

8

35

9

52

8

6

7

17

9

42

24

4

10

19

2

5

15

64

14

30

13

0

1

6

75

15

3

7

5

8

11

53

23

77

9

;

10

50

34

6

1

0

8

23

22

11

27

6

11

60

16

13

8

31

11

49

12

6

7

15

12

51

28

4

3

14

1

4

18

57

11

76

18

1

1

4

69

23

0

8

2

4

12

67

15

84

9

1

4

38

32

13

13

:

10

16

14

36

19

5

58

15

10

10

34

11

48

10

7

8

16

12

48

26

4

5

17

1

5

18

63

13

74

19

0

1

6

69

22

1

0

8

3

5

12

62

19

80

9

2

2

7

38

31

13

13

:

11

15

13

34

17

9
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the ctvH!annonmstifutlonalized population. The survey destgn, general qualificatlone, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are gwen In techncal notes]

Age Sex Race Marita/ status

18-29 30-49 SOyears

AIDS knowledge or attitude Total yearn years and over Male Female White Black Married Unmamed

7C.

7d.

?e.

7f.

7g.

7h.

71.

7j,

71C

71.

Lwmg near a hospital or home for AIDS pallents?

Vefylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelynotpossibl e...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Working near someone wifh AIDS?

Veryltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’llwrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eatmginarestaurent wheretheccokhas AIDS?

Vefylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewi7atliKely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

KJeslng-w!lh exchange of ael~a-a pereon who has AIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DefmltelynoI possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shaking hands with or touching someone who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definlte+ynotpoasible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sharing plates, forks, or glaasee with someone who has AIDS?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%mewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using public toilets?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmltelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ShanngnWdles fordmgus.avdth someonewhohaa AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ve~unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmifelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FJssing on the cheek a pareon who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhathkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmifelynotposslble ...,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Being coughed or sneezed on by someone who has AIDS?

Veryhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhathkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See foanotes et end of table,

2

5

11

41

?3

8

5

16

17

35

18

9

11

24

18

25

11

11

36

34

10

8

2

10

2

10

19

39

27

7

15

32

15

19

8

10

9

22

18

27

13

10

91

5

0

0

0

2

3

13

21

37

19

8

11

w

18

22

9

10

1

7

13

43

32

4

4

16

18

36

18

7

9

24

22

25

12

6

31

39

12

9

2

7

1

8

22

36

26

5

12

34

20

17

8

8

9

21

21

28

14

9

92

6

1

0

2

3

12

2’2

36

21

6

9

30

22

22

10

8

2

3

10

42

37

5

5

15

16

37

21

6

10

24

16

28

12

9

36

33

12

10

3

6

2

11

18

43

21

5

16

31

14

23

10

7

9

20

18

32

15

7

94

4

0

0

0

1

4

12

22

40

19

4

10

28

20

24

10

8

2

5

10

39

31

13

5

17

17

32

16

14

13

25

14

22

9

17

40

31

7

6

2

15

3

12

18

35

21

12

17

32

13

16

6

15

11

26

16

23

10

15

68

8

0

0

4

4

14

19

34

17

12

13

33

13

19

7

15

Percent d!stribufion’

2

6

10

44

31

6

5

15

16

36

18

9

11

25

19

25

10

11

33

36

11

9

2

9

1

11

19

41

21

8

14

32

16

m

9

9

9

22

18

31

12

9

91

8

0

0

0

3

4

13

22

38

16

6

2

19

24

8

6

2

4

12

39

36

7

5

17

18

33

19

6

11

24

17

25

11

12

36

32

9

8

2

10

2

10

20

37

24

6

16

32

15

18

8

11

10

22

19

24

14

11

92

5

1

0

0

2

3

12

20

36

21

7

12

29

17

20

9

12

1

4

11

42

35

7

4

16

18

36

19

0

10

24

18

26

11

11

35

35

10

9

2

9

2

10

20

39

23

8

15

32

15

20

9

9

2:

19

26

13

10

92

6

0

0

0

2

2

12

22

38

19

6

:

19

23

9

9

5

8

12

41

24

11

8

18

14

33

13

14

19

29

15

16

7

15

42

26

10

9

0

10

4

11

18

41

16

11

20

30

14

16

6

14

17

25

18

21

11

10

92

3

1

1

0

4

11

15

18

27

15

12

15

32

14

15

11

12

2

5

10

42

34

7

5

16

17

35

18

8

11

25

18

24

11

11

37

35

10

8

2

9

2

11

21

39

21

6

17

32

15

18

9

9

10

22

19

28

12

9

92

5

0

0

0

2

3

13

22

36

18

6

Q

19

23

7

8

1

5

12

41

33

8

4

13

17

36

19

11

10

23

17

27

11

12

33

33

11

10

2

11

2

6

16

39

26

9

12

32

15

20

8

12

9

22

16

26

14

12

90

6

0

0

0

3

4

11

20

35

21

9

;;

17

20

12

13
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the civilian noninstitulionallzecl population. The survey design, general qualrfiitions, and information on the relisblhty of

the estimates are gtven in technical notes]

Age Sex Race Manfal status

1S29 30-49 50 yAIDS knowledge or aflltude Total years years and over Male Female Wtrife Black Married Unmarried

7m.

7n.

70.

7p.

8,

9.

10.

11.

Attending SCIV301wrfh a child who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhal iikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vefyunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely notpessible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mosqultoee or other Insects?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatuniwely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pets or animals?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Having sex with a person who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever heard of a blood test for infection with the

AIDS VirUS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doesthmtesttellwhether aperson hssthedisesse AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheerdoftest(no/don’tknowlo q.8) . . . . . . . . . . .

Ifaperscmhasapcdive bloodtestforlnfecth wlththeAIDS

virus, does this mean that they can give someone eise the AIDS

virusthrcughsexual Intercourse?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never haardof test (no/don’I knowtoq.8). . . . . . . . . . .

Have vou ever had vour blood tested for Infectbn with the AIDS

vrus?-

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes,inblooddonatiirr/transfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest(no/don’tknowlo q.8). . . . . . . . . . .

12a. Have you ever thought about having this blood test?

Alreadyhad test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverhesrdoftest(no/don’tknowto q.8). . . . . . . . . . .

12b. Do you plan to be tested in the next 12 monlhs?

Alreadyhadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of test or thought about having test (no/don’t

knowtoq. 8orq. 12a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* f-notes at end of table.

3

12

17

3a

20

9

10

28

12

19

10

21

3

10

12

30

21

24

92

5

0

0

i

70

26

4

41

20

10

Xl

59

4

7

30

5

2

62

1

30

8

11

50

0

31

8

4

5

2

81

2

11

18

39

24

7

11

29

13

18

11

16

3

14

14

31

20

18

95

4

0

1

0

74

23

2

44

21

10

28

63

5

7

26

8

3

62

1

26

12

16

45

0

27

12

6

7

3

72

4

12

17

40

21

5

9

29

13

22

10

16

3

9

12

34

23

19

94

5

0

0

1

79

19

2

44

26

6

21

67

5

7

21

5

3

69

1

2-i

9

14

55

Z?

9

6

6

2

77

4

13

16

34

17

16

11

26

9

15

10

28

3

9

9

24

19

35

68

7

0

4

57

36

7

34

12

11

43

47

2

6

43

2

1

53

2

43

3

4

49

44

3

1

2

1

94

Percentdistributii i

3

12

18

39

18

9

12

30

12

20

9

18

3

11

12

32

20

22

90

7

0

0

2

71

26

3

3a

25

9

29

60

5

7

28

5

3

62

1

29

9

12

49

30

9

5

6

1

79

3

12

16

36

22

10

9

27

12

16

11

23

3

10

11

27

21

27

84

4

0

0

2

69

26

4

43

16

10

31

5a

3

8

31

5

2

62

1

31

7

10

51

0

33

7

4

4

2

63

3

12

17

40

20

8

10

27

12

19

11

21

2

9

12

31

22

24

93

6

0

0

1

72

25

3

42

21

9

28

60

4

7

28

4

3

63

1

28

8

10

52

0

30

8

4

5

2

82

8

11

18

27

21

14

16

36

7

16

7

18

8

17

12

25

13

24

91

3

2

0

3

59

33

8

33

15

11

42

49

3

6

42

8

1

49

1

42

9

15

31

45

9

10

2

3

76

3

13

18

38

16

9

X

13

19

10

20

3

10

12

30

21

24

93

5

0

0

1

72

25

3

42

20

10

28

61

4

7

26

;

64

1

28

7

9

54

0

30

7

3

4

2

84

3

10

14

37

24

11

10

28

10

18

11

23

3

10

11

28

21

26

92

5

0

0

2

67

28

5

3a

20

8

33

55

4

8

33

6

2

57

2

33

8

15

42

35

8

7

6

2

77
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudea from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian noninstitubonalizad populafiin. The survey design, general qualtfkatlons, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are given In Iechnical noles]

Age sex Race Marital status

18-29 30-49 60 years

AIDS knowledge or afflfude Total years years and over Male Female Whfie Black Married Unmarried

13.

14.

15.

16.

17,

la,

19.

Where would y$w go to have a blood tesl for the AIDS

wrus infedton?

Nowhere/woulcfn’f taketes! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS clini c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

Otnercimlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Red CroWblood bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where would you go to find out whereto have this blood

test?24

AIDShotlme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDScllnic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Olnerclmic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publ!chealfhdepartmenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nowhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated blood since 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever personally known anyone who had the blood

testfortheAIDS vlrusinfeckxs?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are the chances of someone you know getting the AIDS

virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of getting the AIDS virus?

HI@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rerusad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Here are methods some paopla use to prevent getting the AIDS

virus through sexual activlfy. How effective is—

19a. Using a diaphragm?

Verfeffective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatall effective. .,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffective ..., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19b. Using a condom?

Veryeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecfive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not al all effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19c. Using a spmrdciial jetly, foam, or cream?

Veryeffechve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffechve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatall effectwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19d Bemgcelbate, thatls, not havmgsexalall~

Very effectwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffecbve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not ateJleffectIve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmowh oweffecfwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at eti of table.

2

26

52

3

10

7

9

16

26

6

49

12

68

0

12

67

1

10

18

34

26

0

11

1

4

30

60

0

5

2

11

56

21

10

34

48

6

6

4

2

13

54

21

10

69

5

1

3

2

1

26

49

4

7

11

5

16

19

9

50

15

65

20

79

1

12

25

35

20

1

7

:

38

53

:

3

16

56

17

6

39

50

5

3

2

3

17

55

16

9

68

8

2

2

1

i

28

52

2

11

4

23

Ii

67

15

85

0

13

66

1

13

20

36

24

0

7

2

5

33

57

:

1

9

66

16

8

37

50

7

5

2

2

;

15

6

91

4

2

2

1

2

17

64

4

11

8

51

100

5

84

1

5

94

1

6

11

30

35

19

0

3

20

69

0

6

3

9

44

30

14

28

44

6

15

8

3

12

42

30

13

87

4

1

4

4

Percent distribution’

2

27

53

4

9

5

9

44

34

28

14

86

0

11

86

1

11

19

37

22

0

11

:

34

5a

:

2

10

56

19

13

34

50

4

7

4

2

13

53

20

12

67

6

1

3

3

1

25

50

2

11

10

9

22

9

61

10

90

0

14

66

1

10

16

31

30

11

2

4

27

63

0

5

2

11

55

24

6

35

46

7

a

4

3

13

55

21

6

90

4

;

2

1

25

52

3

10

8

10

18

30

7

41

12

66

0

13

67

1

10

19

35

26

0

10

:

30

61

:

2

10

5a

21

9

35

49

5

8

3

2

12

56

20

9

90

5

1

2

2

3

33

57

5

1

100

12

88

10

86

2

16

16

23

25

19

2

3

31

52

0

11

5

13

42

23

77

31

41

11

10

7

5

~7

43

21

14

62

6

3

5

4

23

57

3

8

9

21

16

10

60

11

69

0

10

89

1

10

18

35

27

10

:

28

64

0

4

1

10

56

21

9

32

51

6

8

4

2

12

56

21

9

90

5

1

2

2

3

30

46

3

12

6

22

9

36

32

13

66

0

16

82

1

11

18

32

25

0

13

2

6

34

53

;

#

12

51

22

11

39

43

6

9

4

3

~4

50

21

12

87

5

2

4

2
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987–Con.

[Data are based on household interviews of the chilian noninstiutionalized populatnn. The survey design, general quahfications, and information on the re ability of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Race Marrfa/ sfafus

18-29 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or attttude Total years years and over Male Female Whte Black Marrk?d Unmarrwd

19e. Two WoDle who do not have the AIDS virus havir?a a

20.

21.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

completely monogamous relationship, that is, havi;g sex

only with each other?

VeryeffecIlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effecfiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffectrve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver discussed AIDS with a friend or relafiie?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkMw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When was the lest time you dfscussed AIDS with a friend or

relattve?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverdiecussad(no/donlknowto q. 20) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever discussed AIDS with [any of your children age

10-17]?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nochildren 10-17yearsofages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Haveyourchildren hadanylnstruction atschool aboutAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nochildren 10-17yearsofage5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you awer personally known anyone with the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever personally known anyone with AIDS’?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The U.S. Public Health SWvkehass eidthatA IDSisoneofthe

major health problems in me countty but exactly how many

people it affects is not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be conducted and blood samples be

faken to help find out how widespread the problem Is. [f you

were selected in this national sample of people to have their

blood tested wth assurances of prtiacy of test results, would

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Would you want 10 know the results of the bbod test?*

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

9

1

4

2

67

33

0

20

17

7

11

7

35

3

12

8

79

7

7

6

79

6

92

1

6

92

1

69

20

4

7

97

1

1

85

10

2

2

1

72

27

1

22

17

9

11

9

30

2

1

4

95

0

2

2

95

7

92

1

7

93

1

73

17

4

6

96

2

2

87

9

1

3

1

76

24

0

23

20

8

13

7

25

3

2s!

16

55

17

15

14

55

9

90

2

9

90

1

71

19

4

6

97

1

1

79

9

1

6

5

52

47

1

16

15

5

7

4

49

4

3

3

94

3

2

2

94

3

96

1

4

95

1

63

24

4

9

99

1

1

Percent distnbutbnl

64

9

2

3

3

62

37

1

20

16

7

9

6

39

3

10

11

79

7

7

8

79

5

94

1

5

94

1

70

18

5

7

97

2

1

64

10

1

4

2

70

29

0

20

18

8

12

7

31

3

15

6

60

8

7

5

80

7

91

1

8

91

1

Sa

22

3

8

97

1

1

85

9

1

3

2

67

33

0

20

18

7

11

7

34

3

12

8

79

7

7

7

79

6

93

1

6

93

1

69

19

4

7

98

1

1

77

11

2

6

3

66

33

1

24

15

6

10

5

36

3

14

9

77

8

9

6

77

10

88

2

11

87

2

69

20

3

8

96

1

3

86

8

1

3

2

67

33

0

20

t8

7

11

6

34

3

16

11

74

9

9

8

74

5

94

1

5

94

1

70

19

4

7

97

1

1

81

11

2

4

2

66

34

1

21

15

7

11

7

36

3

7

4

89

4

3

4

89

9

90

2

9

89

2

67

22

4

7

97

1

i

‘Excludespwecms forwhomrwresponse Wasrecordedm whorerisdtorespcmd. Forquesttom2thrcugh Z’,totaltisoexcludes perscmswhonewr heardofA!D8.

‘Multiple resp-onses may sum !0 more then lCO percent.

3~- ~“ *~om amwermg yeS tO queStbl ‘z&

4Besed cm rnwsore answering don’t knmv to question 13.

‘9a9ed0nquestmn 22, M ycu have my chldren aged 10-17? Q.@stbn 23 was, How rmsnf do w have?

%s8donpersora answermgyesto questicm28.

NOTETotsl,age, scx,and marltdstatus irwl~epersonsd olher.srdunkmwn racermtsbvnsepsrstely underrsce.
advancedata 10

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household intemiew survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstituTable L Sample size for the National Health Interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and estimated adult population

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, August 1987

Estmated

Swrrp/e popukwrr

Charactenst,e size m thousands

Ail adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,303 174,528

Age

18-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 47,583

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 66,250

50years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 60,695

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 82,703

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,343 91,625

Race

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 19,107

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,951 150,008

Marital status

Currently married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241 110,746

Unmarried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 63,310

tionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The AIDS knowledge and

attitudes questions were asked of a single randomly chosen

adult 18 years of age or over in each household. The

estimates in this report are based on completed interviews

with 2,303 persons, or about 81 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic sub-goups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have heard of AIDS.

Table II shows approximate standard errors of estimates

presented in table 1. Both the estimates in table 1 and the

standard errors in table II are provisional. They may differ

slightly from estimates made using the final data file because they were calculated using a simplified weighting

procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. The final data file covering the

entire 5-month period of data collection, August through

December 1987, will be available in 1988.

Table Il. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AIDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, August 1987

Age Sex Race Marital status

18-29 30-49 50 years

Estimatd percent Total years years and over Male Female White Black MarrieO Unmarried

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.7

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8

0.6

1.5 1.3

0.8

1.2

0.8

1.2 1.0 2.3 0.8

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

1.0

1.8

1.1

1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 27

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

1.0

2.0

1.3

1.7 1.6

1.3

1.6 1.3 3.0

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1

1.1

2.2

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.8 1.7 1.4 3.3

300r 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

1.2

2.3

1.5

1.9

1.6

1.9 1.8 1.5 3.5

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

1.3

2.4

1.6

2.0 2.0

1.7

1.9 1.6 3.6

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3

1.3

2.5

1.7

2.1

1.8

2.0 1.9 1.6 3.7

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3

1.4

2.5

1.7

2.1

1.8

2.0 2.0 1.7 3.6

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3

1.4

2.6 21

1.8 1.9

2.1 2.0 1.7 3.8 1.4 1.6 1.9
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 147 ● January 22, 1988

Nursing and

1986

Introduction

Related Care Homes as Reported From the

Inventory of Long-Term Care Places

by Al SIrrocco, Dw[slon of Health Care Statistics

The 1986 Inventory of Long-Term Care Places (ILTCP)

was a survey of two types of facilities nursing and related care

homes and facilities for the mentally retarded. This report deals

only with nursing and related care homes.

As used in this survey. the term “nursing and related care

homes’” incorporates all nursing care homes including skilled

nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities, as well as all

residential care facilities including homes for the aged personal care homes, and board and care homes. All of these facilities must maintain three beds or more.

The National Center for Health Statistics, in cooperation

with the National Center for Health Services Research and the

Health Care Financing Administration. employed the U.S.

Bureau of the Census to conduct the 1986 ILTCP. The purpose of the survey was to provide a current sampling frame for

two segments of the Institutional Population Component of the

1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. The two sefpents

were nursing and related care homes, and facilities for the mentally retarded The National Medical Expenditure Survey was

initiated by the National Center for Health Services Research

in early 1987.

History and background

The ILTCP had never been conducted prior to the 1986

survey. However, a similar survey. the National Master Facili~y In\rentory (NMFI). had been conducted many times between

1967 and 1982 (NCHS, 1986). Althou:@t the nursing homes

had been sumeyed in each NMFI, the mental retardation (MR)

facilities had not been surveyed since the 1976 NMFI (NCHS.

1980). The types of questions asked in the ILTCP were similar

enough to the NMFI questions that a decision was made to use

the ILTCP data as a means to update the NMFI.

In 1982, the University of Minnesota’s Center for Residential and Community Services conducted a survey of MR facilities (Hill and Lakin. 1984). The file that resulted from that

survey was used to create the MR mailing file for the 1986

ILTCP.

Descriptions of the creation of the mailing file and the

survey procedures are given in the Technical notes.

Classification of facilities

The information collected in the ILTCP initially was used

to separate the nursing and related care homes from the MR

facilities. Because many facilities served the aged and disabled

as well as the mentally retarded, it was necessary to combine

many items of information to classify these facilities. Basically,

to qualify as an MR facility, a place had to be primarily MR

oriented. Thus, a nursing home with a small MR wing would

remain a nursing home.

Once a facility was classified as a nursing and related care

home, it was subclassified into nursing home or residential facility. Homes certified as skilled nursing facilities ( SNF’S) or

intermediate care facilities (ICF”S) were classified as nursing

homes. Uncertified facilities that were licensed as nursing homes

or provided nursing care services were also classified as nursing homes. The remaining places were classified as residential

facilities.

Because the ILTCP was designed to identify MR facilities

as well as nursing and related care homes. it was able to separate the residential facilities serving only the mentally retarded

from the residential facilities serving the aged and disabled.

The NMFI surveys from 1978 through 1982 were not designed

to make this distinction and, therefore. included among their

residential facilities those that served only the mentally retarded. This was especially true in California and Michigan,

which had a combined total of 7.228 residential facilities in the

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES . Public Health Sewce . Centers for Disease Control
2 admmedata

1982 NMF1. Based on ILTCP edit checks. it appears that as

many as one-third of these might have been MR residential

facilities in 1982. The 1982 NMFI report (NCHS. 1986) mentioned the existence of these MR facilities. but had no estimate

as to how many there were.

The 1985 National Nursing Home Sur\ ey (NNHS) estimated a total count of 19.100 nursing homes (NCHS, 1987).

This estimate was also influenced by’the California and Michigan residential facilities. The inability to identify and exclude

the MR places from among these facilities led to the decision to

exclude all 7.228 from the universe. The NNHS estimate of

4,700 uncertified facilities compared with the ILTCP count of

12.226 ( residential facilities plus uncertified nursing homes) is

a difference of about 7,500. The difference between the 1986

ILTCP total count of 26.380 (including hospital-based) and

the 1985 NNHS total count of 19,100 (which included hospital-based) is about 7,300. Clearly. the exclusion of residential facilities from the 1985 NNHS is the main reason for the

different counts.

Discussion

Counting hospital-based facilities. there were 26,380 nursing

and related care homes with 1,770.206 beds and 1,609,419

residents in 1986 (table 1). Because most of the previous NMFI

surveys were unable to obtain complete counts of hospitalbased facilities, these places were usually excluded from the

data presented in NMFI reports. To make the 1986 data more

comparable with the NMFI surveys. this report has removed

the 734 hospital-based facilities from all but the first two tables.

Table 1 shows the total nursing home counts with the hospital-based facilities included. and table 2 shows the characteristics and distribution of the hospital-based facilities themselves. Using the figures from table 2. the following rates and

percents can be generated. The occupancy rate for hospitalbased facilities was 92 percent they averaged 83 beds per facility, and 94 percent were certitled as SNF’S or ICF’S. In

addition. they were usually nonprofit (60 percent) or governmentowned (32 percent).

The remainder of this report will exclude hospital-based

facilities. making the total counts 25.646 homes, 1,709,223

beds, and 1.553,253 residents. This count of homes was actually 203 less than the number of homes found in the 1982

NMFI suney. The main reason for this lies in the overcount

of residential facilities in 1982. due to the presence of MR

facilities primarily in California and ilichigan. as mentioned

earlier.

The differences in survey procedures and definitions make

direct comparisons between the ILTCP and NMFI (NCHS,

1985. 1986 ) surveys very diftlcult. The removal of facilities

with less than 25 beds reduces the impact of these differences

and makes comparisons more meaningful. Further examination

of the differences between the NMFI and ILTCP data is planned

for a future Series 14 report on the ILTCP.

Table 3 separates the ILTCP facilities into nursing homes

and residential facilities. To get a total count of all nursing

homes. the SNF’S, ICF’S, and uncertified nursing homes were

combined to form the nursing home c~tegory in table 3 and in

the remain]ng tables.

There were 9.613 total homes with less than 25 beds. which

represented about 37 percent of all homes (table 3). The table

shows how these homes with less than 25 beds are distributed

between the nursing homes and residential facilities. The 2.409

nursing homes in this bed size group represented less than 15

percent of its total, whereas the 7.204 corresponding residential facilities represented nearly 78 percent of its total.

The size difference between nursing homes and residential

facilities is more apparent in table 4. The average bed size

was 92 for nursing homes and 22 for residential facilities, and

this big difference is found in each ownership group and each

region. For nursing homes. the govemmem-owmed homes were

the largest ( 126 beds), and the for-profit homes, the smallest

(87 beds). For residential facilities. the nonprofit facilities were

the largest (35 beds), and the for-protlt homes, the smallest (20

beds).

Regionally the Northeast had the largest nursing homes

( 108 beds) and largest residential facilities (29 beds). The smallest

nursing homes were in the West (72 beds). and the smallest

residential facilities were in the Midwest ( 16 beds).

Table 4 also shows that within the nursing home category,

the SNF’S were the largest at 122 beds and had the highest

occupancy rate (93 percent). The ICITS were next with an average of 77 beds and a 90-percent occupancy rate, fo}lowed by the

uncertified homes with a 38-bed average and 86 percent occupancy. The averages and rates for the SNF’S and ICF’S were virtually unchanged from those reported in 1982.

The residential facilities had lower occupancy rates than

the nursing homes (85 percent to 92 percent). For nursing homes,

the lowest occupancy rate (86 percent) occurred in the smaller

homes (under 25 beds), but for the residential facilities, the

lowest rate (82 percent) was in the larger homes (200 beds or

more). Table 4 shows that the highest occupancy rate for nursing

homes and residential facilities occurred in the Northeast (95

and 88 percent, respectively).

The Midwest had more SNF’S and more ICF’S than any

other region (table 5). Conversely, the West had fewer SNF’S

and ICF’S than any other region. Just over one-third of the

SNF”S in the West had 100 beds or more. but in each of the

other three regions two-thirds of the SNF’S had 100 beds or

more. Because fewer people 65 years and over lived in the

West (5.2 million compared with the South’s 9.9 million, the

Midwest’s 7.4 million. and the Northeast’s 6.7 million). and

because the West’s population is more spread out, large facilities may not be needed.

Looking closer at the population figures. table 6 reveals

that there were 51.7 nursing home beds and 6.9 residential

facility beds per 1,000 population 65 years and over in 1986.

Although the West had the lowest nursing home bed rate at

42.3. it was not that much lower than the South’s rate of 46.9

or the Northeast’s rate of-$7.4. In fact, the West’s SNF rate of

34.3 was considerably higher than the South’s rate of 24.1. It

was with the ICF’S rate of 3.8 that the West fell behind. One

reason for this low ICF rate is that several western States have

virtually no ICF programs and therefore few ICFS.

The estimated number of residents 65 years and over that

were in nursing homes was 1.249.000. and the number in residential facilities was 126.000 (table 7). In other tvords. 4.3

percent of the population 65 years and over resided in nursing
ackancedata 3

homes, and 0.4 percent resided in residential facilities. The

nursing home rates ranged from a high of 5.6 percent in the

Midwest to a low of 3.5 percent in the West. For residential

facilities, the West had the highest rate at 0.8 percent.

The 1.249,000 nursing home residents that were 65 years

and over represented 90.4 percent of all nursing home residents (table 8). By contrast, only 73. I percent of persons in

residential facilities were 65 years and over. The residential

facilities displayed much more variation by ownership than did

the nursing homes. In nonprofit residential facilities, almost 85

percent of the residents were 65 years and over, but in government-owned residential facilities only 55 percent were 65 years

and over.

Table 9 shows the number of black and Hispanic residents

in nursing homes and residential facilities in 1986. The 105,173

black residents in nursing homes represented 7.6 percent of the

total nursing home population. The 28.101 Hispanic nursing

home residents made up 2.0 percent of the totaL Similarly, the

black residents made up 7.8 percent and the Hispanic residents

2.6 percent of all persons in residential facilities.

More than half (55 percent) of the black nursing home

residents were in the South, with the fewest (7.2 percent) in the

West The Hispanic residents were mostly in the West (41.7

percent) and the South (35.3 percent). The distribution of black

and Hispanic nursing home residents in each of the ownership

categories is shown in table 9.

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but less than

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

*

Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements
4 aduancedata

Table 1. Number of nursing and related care homes (including hospital. based facilities), beds, and residents, by type of facility:

United States, 1986

Type of fac//fty Facttirtes Beds Residents

Number

All facllmes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,380 1,770,206 1,609,419

Nurs!ng homes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,388 1,507,392 ‘1,380,777

Hosp!tal-based facllttles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 60,983 56,166

Res!dentlal faclllttes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,258 201,831 T72,476

Table 2. Number of hospital-based facilities, beds, and residenta, by selected characteristics: United States, 1986

Characteristic Facilities Beds Residents

Number

Total homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 60,983 56,166

Bed size

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 1,741 1,511

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 24,343 22,554

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 11,732 10,779

200 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 23,167 21,322

Type of ownership

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4,800 4,523

Nonprofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 31,747 29,195

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 24,436 22,448

Geographic region

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 17.590 16,605

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 18,975 17,347

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 13,763 12,834

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 10,655 9,380

Certtflcatlon

Skilled nursing facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 53,060 48,766

Intermediate care facility .,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5,235 4,960

Uncertified nursing home. ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2,688 2,440

Residential facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
achancedaa 5

Table 3. Number of homes and beds for nursing and related care homes by type of home and selected characteristics: United States, 1986

Restdenrtal

Toral homesl Nursing homes fac!lnies

Characteristic Homes Beds Homes Beds Homes Beds

Total homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bed size

3-9 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-24 beds..........,.,,,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-49 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-74 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-99 beds, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200-299 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

300-499 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Type of ownershtp

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic region

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certtficatmn

Skilled nurstng facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intermediate care facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uncertified nursing home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Resldentlal facjlity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.646

5,91 a

3,695

3,135

3.470

2,526

5,755

858

239

50

20,223

4,378

1,045

4,863

7.474

7,371

5,998

8,045

5.375

2,968

9,258

1,709,223

32,619

58,124

115,469

208.667

221.647

756,229

198,215

84.899

33.354

1,235,413

367,249

106,561

373,841

539,802

516,508

279.072

984.113

411.468

111,811

201,831

Number

16,388 1.507,392

1,340

1,069

2,061

3,037

2,335

5,468

804

225

49

7,154

18,243

77.839

182,658

205.384

717.604

186,066

80.140

32,304

12,336 1,078,952

3,263 328,728

789 99,712

2,948 317,505

5,393 506,714

5,008 464.005

3,039 219,168

8,045 984,113

5,375 411,468

2,968 111,811

9,258

4,578

2,626

1,074

433

191

287

54

14

1

7,887

1,115

256

1,915

2,081

2,303

2,959

9.258

201,831

25,465

39,881

37,630

26,009

16,263

38,625

~2,149

4,759

1,050

156,461

38.521

6,849

56,336

33,088

52,503

59,904

20” 331

‘ Excludes hos!mtal-based fac!lmes,
6 ackimedata

Table 4. Average number of beds and percent occupancy rate of nursing and related care homes by type of home and selected characteristics:

United States, 1986

Total homesl Nursing homes Res!derrtial facilities

Average Occupancy Average Occupancy Average Occupancy

Characfermt/c bed svze rate bed s!ze rate bed s)ze rate

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total homes .

Bed size

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,, . . .

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . ,.

100-199 beds,.,,,

200 beds or more.,,. . . . . .

Type of ownersh!p

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofit, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic region

Certification

Skilled nursing fac!ilty . . . . . . . . . . .

Intermediate care faclllty. . . . .

Uncertified nursing home . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Resldent!al faclllty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67

9

60

131

276

61

84

102

77

72

71

47

122

77

38

22

91

85

92

91

91

90

92

93

94

91

90

89

93

90

86

85

92

11

63

131

277

87

101

126

108

94

93

72

122

77

38

92

86

92

92

91

91

92

94

95

91

90

91

93

90

86

22

9

47

135

260

20

35

27

29

16

23

20

22

85

85

87

85

82

85

87

85

88

84

86

83

85

lExcludes hospital-based fac!lmes.
adwncedata 7

Table 5. Number and percent distribution of nursing and related care homes by geographic region and bed size, according to type of home and

certification: United States, 1986

Nursing homes

Skilled Intermediate Uncert(f!ed

Tots/ nur.wrg care nursing Res/dentta/

Geographic region and bed sfze homesl Total faedities facilities homes fa cilitles

Untted States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northeast

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 beds ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-24 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-99 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100-199 beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 beds or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25,646

4.863

100.0

35.1

34.1

23,1

7.7

7.474

100.0

31.2

39.8

23.6

5.4

7.311

100.0

32.1

36.1

28.5

3.2

5,998

100.0

53.7

31.0

13.1

2.2

16,388

2,948

100.0

13.3

39.5

35.5

11.7

5,393

100.0

10.1

50.6

32.0

7.4

5,008

100.0

13.6

41.4

40,4

4.6

3,039

100.0

26.1

48.3

22.1

3.5

Number

8,045 5.375

Number

1,859 647

Percent dlstrlbutaon

100.0 100.0

1.8 18.7

31.1 64.3

50.0 14.7

17.1 2.3

Number

2.397 2.228

Percent distribution

100.0 100.0

1.2 8.7

34.7 70.1

50.4 19.0

13.7 2.3

Number

1,977 2,148

Percent dmmbution

100.0 100.0

1,6 5.8

32.2 55.1

58.2 36.6

7.9 2.5

Number

1,812 352

Percent dlstnbutlon

100.0 100.0

2.3 25.3

60.6 59.9

32,0 13,6

5.1 1.1

2,968

442

100.0

53.8

38.2

5.2

2.7

768

100.0

41.8

43.6

12.1

2.5

883

1o@.o

59.6

28.9

9.6

1.9

875

100,0

75.5

18,1

5.3

1,1

9,258

1,915

100.0

68.7

25.8

3.9

1.6

2,081

100.0

86.0

11.9

1.8

0.3

2,303

100.0

72.4

24.4

2.8

0.4

2.959

100,0

82.2

13.3

3.8

0.8

‘ Excludes hosmta!-based fact!mes.
admncedata

Table 6. Percent of nursing and related care home beds per 1,000 population 65 years and over by type of home, certification, and geographic

region: United States, 1986

Nurs/ng homes

Sk!lled Intermediate Uncernfied

Total nursing care nurslrrg Restdenrial

Geographic reg!on homesi Total facllit{es fac{lrtles homes facilities

Beds per 1,000 population 65 yedrs and over

United States, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, 58.6 51.7 33.7 14.1 3.8 6.9

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 47.4 36.9 5.9 2.6 8.4

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,. 73.0 68.5 41.5 21.8 5.2 4.5

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 46.9 24.1 19.3 3.4 5.3

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 42.3 34.3 3.8 42 11.6

lExcludes hosp!la l-based faclln!es

Table 7. Estimated number of the resident population 65 years and over, and number and percent of this population in nursing and related care

homes, by type of home and geographic region: United States, 1986

Total

population Estimated number of residents 65 years and over in—

65 years

Geographic region and over Nursing homesl Residential fac!lities~

Number (n

thousands

Number m

thousands

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,173

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,698

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,394

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,895

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,184

1,249

279

415

376

179

Number In

Percent thousands Percent

4.3 126 0.4

4.2 34 0.5

5.6 19 0.3

3.8 34 0.3

3,5 39 0.8

lExcludes hosrxla i-based fac!ln! es.

Table 8. Percent distribution of residents in nursing and related care homes by type of facility and age of resident, according to type of ownership: United States, 1986

Type of ownership

Type of facdity and age of rewdent Toral Profit Nonprofit Government

Total .

Under65 years .,

65 yedrs and over.

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 65 years....,,..

65 years and over.

Total. , ,,.

Under65 years.

65 years and over.

Percent distribution

. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0

. . . . . . 11.4

. . . . . . .,, .,, 88.6

. . . . . . . . . . 100.0

. .... 9.6

. . . ., . . . . 90.4

12.6 6.’ 17,3

874 93 ‘3 82.7

00.0 100.0 100,0

10.4 5.1 15,6

89.6 949 84.4

. . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100,0 100.0 100,0

,, 26.9 29.1 154 449

,, . . . . . 73.1 70.9 846 55.1

‘Excludes hosp!la l-based facll!t! es.
Table 9. Number and percent distribution of all, black, and Hispanic residents in nursing and related care homes by type of home and geographic region,

according to type of ownership United States, 1986

All residents B/ack residents H!spanic res(dents

Type of tacility All types of All types of

and geographic region ownership Profit Nonprof\t Government

All types of

ownership Profit Nonprofit Government ownersh!p Profit Nonprofit Government

1,116,738

Number

TOI,II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,553,253 337,336 99,179 11.3.621 97,426 13,500 7,695 32,511 27,135 4,146 1,230

3,582 872

100.0 100,0

26,0 34.2

10.9 14.8

28,4 14.2

34.6 36.8

564 358

100.0 100.0

37.9 65.1

8.7 2.0

14.4 24.3

39.0 0.7

Nursing homesl

Tr)tdl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380,777 983,453 303,993 93,331 105,173 86,643 11,448 7,082 28,101 23.647

Percent d~stributlon

100.0 100.0

10.4 30.9

25.1 22.3

56.8 40.6

7.8 6.1

Toll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

21.8

33.5

30.2

14.5

100.0

19.0

30.2

34.4

16.3

100.0

27.3

41.3

20.1

11.3

100.0

33.5

41.9

19.2

5.4

100.0

13.9

24.0

55.0

7.2

100.0

28.8

13.4

56.7

I .2

100.0

14.3

8.7

35.3

41.7

100.0

11.8

8.2

37.1

42.9

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

west . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restrfentlal factiitlesl Number

ToMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.476 133,285 33,343 5,848 13,448 10,783 2.052 613 4,410 3,488

Percent dmtrlbut(on

100,0 100.0

26.0 38.5

12.9 12.4

49.1 41.3

12,0 7.8

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,0

28.6

16.2

26.3

28.9

100.0

27.4

13.6

26.9

32.1

100.0

28.1

46.4

13.0

12.5

100.0

33.5

21.4

264

186

100.0

29.7

12.8

46.6

10.9

100.0

64.8

10.9

20.9

3.4

100.0

25.4

4.3

16.1

54.2

100.0

t 9.3

3.9

15.5

61.3

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%lJth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lEkcludes hospital-based facd!tfes,
10 adilancedata

References

Hill. B. K. and K, C. Lakin. 1984. Class{ficariotr of Residenria/ Facilities for .ilentall., Retarded People, Brief No. 24. Minneapollx Center for Residential and Community Semlces. University of Minnesota.

National Center for Health Statistics. J. F. Sutton and A. Sirrocco.

1980. Inpatient health facilities as reported from the 1976 MFI survey.

J-i/a/and Healrh S[aristics. Series 14, No. 23. DHE W Pub. No. (PHS)

80-1818. Office of Health Research, Statistics and Technology, Washingtorx U.S. Government Printing Oflice.

National Center for Health Statistics. A. Sirrocco. 1985. An overview

of the 1982 National Master Facility Inventory Survey of nursing and

related care homes. .4dvance Data From Vital and Health Statistics.

No. 111. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85– 1250. Publlc Health Service.

Hyattsville, Md.

Nat]onal Center for Health Statistics. D. Roper. 1986. Nursing and

related care homes as reported from the 1982 National Master Facility

Inventory Survey. i’ira/ and Health Statistics. Series 14. No. 32.

DHHS Pub. No. [PHS) 86-1827. Public Health Service, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics. G. Strahan. 1987. Nursing home

characteristics. preliminary data from the 1985 National Nursing Home

Sumey. Ad\,ance Data From Vital and Health Statistics. No. 131.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87– 1250. Public Health Service, Hyattsville. Md.
admncedata 11

Technical notes

Creation of the Inventory of Long-Term

Care Places mailing file

The file was created by the Long-Term Care Statistics

Branch (LTCSB) of the lNational Center for Health Statistics.

The starting point for nursing and related care homes was the

final data tape from the 1982 National Master Facility Inventory plus new facilities added through April 1984. The starting

point for facilities for the mentally retarded was a 1982 study

by the University of Minnesota’s Center for Residential and

Community Services (CRCS) (Hill and Lakin. 1984). There

were approximately 26.000 nursing and related care homes

and 15,000 mental retardation (MR) facilities on these two

original tiles.

To update the files. letters were sent to over 200 State and

national agencies in July 1985 asking them to send to LTCSB

any and all listings that they maintained for nursing and related

care homes, and MR facilities. In September. the LTCSB sent

followup letters to those agencies that had not responded. These

foIlowup letters would very often name the specific types of

facilities that each agency was known to license or regulate.

Additional contacts were made to nonresponding agencies during

October, November, and December.

The Minnesota CRCS file included places that were o~

tained through contacts with local area MR sources. Because

of extremely tight time constraints, LTC SB was unable to contact all of these local area sources. The only ones contacted

were those sources that were located in States where the number

of MR facilities reported by LTCSB sources was significantly

lower than the number reported by CRCS.

As the listings and directories of facilities were received,

they were manually matched against the 26,000 nursing homes

or 15,000 MR facilities. Any facility that could not be found

on these two original files was considered “new” and was assigned a unique identification number. This number, along with

the new facility’s name and address, was added to the appropriate nursing home or MR file.

Mailout

The first questionnaire mailout was begun by the U.S. Bureau of the Census on February 14, 1986, and this was followed

by a reminder letter a week later. On March 14, a second questionnaire mailout was sent to all nonresponding facilities, and

on April 4 a third mailout was sent to the remaining nonrespondents.

By the end of the third mailout, nearly 3,300 questionnaires were returned by the U.S. Postal Service. These were

reviewed to determine which ones would be eligible for the

telephone and personal interview followup. As a result of this

review, approximately 1,900 were declared out of scope and

removed from the survey. About 1,400 cases were declared

eligible for field followup. The field followup was completed in

July, bringing the final overall response rate to 96 percent.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 148 ● January 18, 1988

AIDSKnowledge and Attitudesfor September 1987

Provisional Da~a From the National Health Interview Survey

by Deborah A. Dawson, Ph. D., Marcie Cynamon, M.A.,

and Joseph E. Fitti, M.S.P.H., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has introduced a special set of supplemental questions on the adult

population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). This report presents provisional

findings for September, the second month of data cdection

with the AIDS questionnaire. Data for August 1987 have

been published in NCHS Advance Data Front Vtal and

Health StatMcs, No. 146.

The MIX questionnaire was designed to provide baseline estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about

AIDS transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection

and to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes over

time. The data also were needed as input for the planning

and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for

evaluation of major educational efforts.

The AIDS questionnaire was developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and interagency working

groups established by the Information, Education and Risk

Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The working groups

included representatives from the Centers for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the Ahmhol, Drug

Abuse and Mental Health Administration; and the HeaIth

Resources and Services Administration.

The questionnaire includes items on self-assessment of

knowledge about AIDS; sources of information about

AIDS; knowledge about AIDS and AIDS-related risk factors, modes of transmission, and blood tests for the AIDS

virus; plans to take such a test; recent experience with

blood donation; self-assessment of chances of getting

AIDS; personal knowledge of people with AIDS or the

AIDS viruq and finally, willingness of respondents to take

part in a proposed national seroprevalence study.

This report presents provisional data for all AIDS

questionnaire items. Table 1 displays percent distributions

of persons 18 years of age and over by response categories

according to age, sex, race, and marital status. In most

cases, the actual question asked of the respondent is reproduced verbatim in table 1, along with the response c~i~gones. In a few cases, questions or response categories have

been rephrased or combined. Refusals and other nonresponses are excluded from the denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses of “don’t know” are

included.

Selected findings

There are signs that the U.S. public’s knowledge about

AIDS increased slightly between August and September

1987, especially in the areas of general information concerning the characteristics of the disease and its mod~s of

transmission. The following highlights describe the September datq noting any topic areas where the results are

significantly different from those obtained in August.

Awareness of AIDS-Virtually everyone (more thzn 99

percent) has heard of AIDS. More than three-fourths (77

percent) of adults last saw, heard, or read something about

AIDS within 3 days of the NHIS interview, an increase

from 74 percent in August.

Se&perceived kmowIedge-Twenty percent of adults 18

years of age and over feel that they know a lot about AIDS

compared to most people; 43 percent feel they know some;

28 percent feel they know a little; and 9 percent feel they

know nothing about AIDS. As was the case in August,

adults 50 years and over are more likely than younger

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Sewice ● Centers for Disease Cc ntrol
2 advancedata

- August = September

AIDS leads 10 death

There is no cure for AIDS at present

Any person with the AIDS virus can pass it on to

someone eke lhrough sexual intercourse

A pregnant woman who has Ihe AIDS virus can give AIDS

to her baby

AIDS can cripple the body’s natural protection against

disease

A person can be infected with ihe AIDS virus and not

have the disease AIDS

AIDS is a disease caused by a virus

The AIDS virus can damage the brain

o 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE National Center Ior Health Statistics, Divisionof Health Inlerviaw Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.

Figure 1. Provisional e~timates of percent of adults 18 years of age and over who think selected statements about AIDS are definitely

true: United States, August and September, 1087

adults to state that they know nothing about AIDS and less

likely to think that they know a lot. Black individuals are

more than twice as likely as white individuals to state that

they know nothing about AIDS (20 percent compared to 8

percent).

General knowledge– Figure 1 shows the percents of

adults answering “definitely true” to selected knowledge

questions. For a number of these questions, there were

small but statistically significant increases between August

and September in the proportions of adults answering

correctly. The majority of respondents (90 percent) continue to be certain that AIDS leads to death. Increased

proportions think it is definitely true that there is no cure

for AIDS at present (86 percent compared to 83 percent in

August), that anyone with the AIDS virus can transmit it to

other individuals through sexual intercourse (78 percent,

up from 75 percent in August), and that a pregnant Woman

can transmit AIDS to her baby (73 percent, up from 69

percent). There also were increases between August and

September in the percent of adults who think it is definitely

true that AIDS can cripple the body’s natural protection

against disease (74 percent compared to 69 percent), that a

person can be infected with the AIDS virus and not have

the disease AIDS (55 versus 50 percent), and that AIDS is

caused by a virus (48 versus 44 percent). Another indication of improved public knowledge lies in the increased

proportions of adults who think it is definitely false that

AIDS is especially common in older people (69 percent in

September compared to 65 percent” in August), that you

can tell if a person has AIDS just by looking at them (71

compared to 65 percent), and that there is a vaccine to

pre~:ent the A~S virus (69 percent compared to 65

percent).

Despite these areas of improvement, there continues to

be a great deal of uncertainty about the causes of AIDS and

about the relationship between the AIDS virus and the

disease AIDS. For the most part, the lowest levels of

general knowledge are found among adults 50 years of age

and over, confirming their own self-assessment that they

know relatively little about the disease.

Transmission of the AIDS virus-Most Americans are

aware of the ways in which the AIDS virus is most likely to

be transmitted. More than 9 out of 10 adults say it is very

likely that a person will get AIDS from having sex with a

person who has AIDS (94 percent) or from sharing needles

for drug use with someone who has AIDS (93 percent).

The level of misinformation about modes of transmission,

particularly from casual contact, continues to be high;

however, there is some evidence of improvement in this

area. Donating blood is still considered a likely way of

getting the AIDS virus by one-fourth (26 percent) of adults,

but the percent who think it is definitely not possible to

transmit the virus by blood donation has increased from 18

to 21 percent. There also have been increases in the

proportions of adults who think it is impossible to transmit

the virus by working near someone with AIDS (21 percent

in September compared to 18 percent in August), by

shaking hands with or touching someone with AIDS (26

compared to 22 percent), by kissing on the cheek someone

with AIDS (23 compared to 19 percent), and by attending
advancedata 3

school with a child who has AIDS (24 compared to 20

percent).

Black adults continue to be more likely than white

adults to perceive a threat of AIDS virus infection from

many sources of casual contact. There are few differences

by age, sex, and marital status in knowledge or misinformation about the transmission of AIDS.

Blood test for the AZDS vims—A number of questions

were asked about blood tests for the AIDS virus. Overall,

72 percent of adults have heard of the blood test, about the

same as in August (70 percent). Persons 30-49 years of age

are most likely (82 percent) and persons 50 years of age

and over least likely (57 percent) to have heard of the test.

Although there is widespread awareness that a blood test

for the AIDS virus is available, there appears to be some

misunderstanding about the purpose of the test. For&

percent of adults (56 percent of those who have heard of

the test) erroneously believe that the blood test results tell

whether a person has the disease AIDS.

As was the case in August, 7 percent of respondents

report having had their blood tested for the AIDS virus,

including 2 percent who voluntarily said that they were

tested because of a blood donation or transfusion. (On the

other hand, about 12 percent report having given blood

since January 1985, the approximate date when routine

testing of donated blood began.) These provisional data

indicate that adults under age 30 are almost four times as

likely to have had the AIDS blood test as persons 50 years

of age and over. In addition, 11 percent of all adults have

thought about having the AIDS test, and 5 percent say they

plan to be tested in the next 12 months. Thirteen percent of

Americans age 18 years and over know someone who has

had the AIDS blood test.

Risk of getting AIDS— Most adults believe that they

(and the people that they know) are at little or no risk of

AIDS infection. Nine in 10 feel that there is no chance (60

percent) or a low chance (31 percent) of getting AIDS

themselves. More than 6 in 10 say that the chance of

someone they know getting AIDS is low (38 percent, up

from 34 percent in August) or nonexistent (26 percent).

Seven percent of aduhs report personally knowing someone

with the AIDS virus.

AIDS prevention— Almost 9 out of 10 knericans realize that both celibacy and restricting sexual activity to a

monogamous relationship with a person who does not have

the AIDS virus are very effective ways to avoid infection

w“th the virus. One-third (33 percent) think that using

condoms is a very effective way to avoid the virus, and an

additional 49 percent consider this method somewhat effective. Fifty-nine percent of the aduks in the United States

think that using a diaphragm is not an effective way to avoid

getting the AIDS virus, an increase over the August estimate of 56 percent. An equal proportion (59 percent

compared to 54 percent in August) feel that using spermicides is ineffective in AIDS prevention.

AIDS discussion and educm”on—livo-thirds of aduhs

(68 percent) have discussed AIDS with friends or relatives.

Persons age 50 and over are the least likely to have done so.

Of adults with children between the ages of 10 and 17, 61

percent have talked with their children about AIDS (14

percent of all adults). Forty-hvo percent of those with

children in this age range report that their children have

received instruction about AIDS at school, an increase over

the August estimate of 35 percent.

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
4 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987

[Data are based on household Inlervlewa of the cwilan nonlnslflufkmallzed population. The suwey design, genarsl qualifiikms, and information on the reliabihty of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sax Race Mari!a/ stafus

18-29 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or afhtude Tofa/ years years and over Male Female While Black Married Unmarned

Percent distribuhoni

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Have you aver heard of AIDS? When was the Jestttme you saw,

heard, or read something about AIDS?

O-3 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-14da~ ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

More!hen 31 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of Adds, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Compared tomostpeople, howmuch would yousayyou know

abOUt AIDS’?

All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lfffle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3a. AIDS tsadlseaee caused byavlrus.

Defnlelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3b. AIDScan cripple the body"snatural prolecflon against disease.

Defmltelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmiielyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3c, AIDS tsespeclally common inolderpaople.

Defimtelytrue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probsblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnftelyfalee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrww . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3d. The AtDSvfrus candamagethe brain.

Deflnifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3e. AIDS usually leads tohezutdS&ase.

Defmlteiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probabtyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmfelyfalse.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkrmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3f. AIDS leads lo death.

Defmtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmifelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorr’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4a. Where doyougetmoslof your information about AlDS?2

Televsbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazine s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rad~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relatrvesandfrkands ..,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/filers/pamphlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/clm!e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4b Ofthesources youjust told me, from whchonedoyou get the

most mforrnatlon?

Televmon..,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maga.zmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pamphlets . ., . . .

Doctor/HMO/clrdc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

too

77

13

3

3

2

0

3

20

43

28

9

0

48

28

4

4

17

74

15

1

1

9

0

2;

69

9

26

32

8

6

27

7

22

18

14

39

90

8

0

0

2

62

60

28

8

7

7

5

15

0

56

21

9

2

2

10

1

100

69

16

4

5

3

1

2

22

49

25

4

58

27

3

3

9

78

14

1

2

5

1

2

25

65

7

23

33

9

7

27

6

20

21

16

37

92

7

0

0

0

81

46

28

6

8

s

5

20

0

80

14

9

3

2

13

0

100

79

13

3

3

1

0

2

28

47

23

4

53

29

2

4

12

81

12

1

1

5

0

1

18

75

6

25

31

10

9

25

2:

22

18

34

91

7

0

0

1

60

83

31

9

8

8

7

18

0

51

21

11

2

3

12

i

100

81

10

2

2

1

0

4

13

33

35

19

0

34

27

5

6

28

63

20

1

1

15

1

1

21

64

13

30

34

5

2

30

9

24

12

6

46

69

8

0

3

86

86

25

9

4

5

4

8

0

56

26

7

2

1

5

1

100

78

12

2

3

2

1

2

23

40

27

10

0

53

26

3

4

15

77

14

1

1

8

0

1

20

89

9

27

32

9

7

26

7

20

21

15

36

66

9

0

0

2

62

65

22

10

7

7

5

17

1

55

23

7

2

2

11

1

100

76

13

3

3

2

0

3

18

45

28

9

0

44

2Y

4

5

16

72

16

1

1

9

1

f

22

69

8

26

33

7

5

28

7

23

16

13

42

92

6

0

0

1

83

58

33

6

6

7

6

14

0

57

16

11

2

2

9

1

100

79

13

2

3

1

0

2

21

43

27

8

0

48

26

4

4

16

76

15

1

1

7

0

1

21

70

7

28

32

8

6

27

7

21

19

14

40

91

6

0

0

1

W2

83

29

8

7

6

5

15

0

55

22

9

2

2

9

1

71

15

4

4

3

:

13

37

30

20

0

49

22

2

6

21

60

17

2

3

19

3

3

19

59

16

30

31

6

2

10

27

13

11

39

89

7

0

3

66

41

19

8

1:

9

15

0

66

10

6

2

5

10

0

100

79

13

3

2

1

0

2

20

44

28

8

0

2

4

5

17

76

14

1

1

8

0

1

xl

72

8

27

32

6

6

28

7

21

18

14

39

90

8

0

0

1

63

65

26

9

6

7

5

15

0

56

22

9

2

2

9

1

100

73

13

3

4

3

1

4

21

40

28

11

0

52

25

3

3

17

71

77

1

i

9

i

2:

63

11

28

34

8

5

26

7

22

16

13

40

9i

7

0

0

2

81

52

27

6

6

8

7

17

0

55

18

9

2

3

11

1

See ‘xx-o-e= at end0! table
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987—Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian noninsfttutlonal!zed population. The survey design, general quahtkations. and information on the reliability of

me estimates are grven in technical notesl

Age Sex Race Marrfal status

l&?9 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or Wfude Total years years and over Male Ferrrafe Wh#e Black Mari?ad Unmarried

5a,

5b,

6a

6b.

6c.

6d.

6e.

6f.

7.

7a

7b.

If you wanted more specrfic information about AIDS, where

would you get if?z

Dootor/HMO/clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health cfepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS hot line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wt’uch one source would you mosf likely use?

Doctor/HMO/clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lit)rery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDShotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apersoncanbe infectedwiththe AIDSvlrusandnot have the

disease AIDS.

Detinitelyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

You can tall H people have the AIDS virus just by lookkrg at

them.

Deflntteiytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definrtafyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anypersonwifh theAIDSviruscan passitontosomeone else

during sexual Intercourse.

Definttelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definifefyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apregnantwoman whohes!heAtDS viruscangt#eAIDS to

her baby.

Defintfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There ts a vaccine available to the public Ihat protects a person

fromgetthgtheAIDS virus.

Definttetytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttafyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There !s no cure for AIDS at present.

Definitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnifetyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Howllkelydoyou think iflsthataperson wdlgeItheAIDSvirus

fromReceiving a blood transfusion?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntfalynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donating or giving blood?

Veryllkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omewhallikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryuntikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltalynotpossible, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SeefOdmt~areti ~ftable.

57

17

12

8

26

12

46

12

8

6

15

13

55

25

3

4

14

1

4

15

71

10

78

17

0

1

4

73

19

0

0

7

1

3

11

88

15

88

8

1

2

4

38

32

13

15

1

4

10

16

E

21

6

57

14

17

10

26

10

46

10

12

7

15

10

54

23

5

7

11

1

5

13

75

6

61

15

0

1

3

76

18

0

0

6

1

4

14

70

12

68

7

1

2

3

38

31

15

15

:

10

79

14

35

19

3

60

19

14

8

29

8

46

13

10

6

16

9

83

23

3

3

8

;

15

75

6

79

17

1

1

3

77

16

1

0

6

1

3

9

77

10

88

7

:

3

31

32

15

18

:

9

13

11

36

28

3

55

17

6

5

21

19

48

13

4

4

13

19

45

27

3

2

22

1

5

17

61

16

75

16

1

0

7

67

24

0

0

9

2

3

10

60

25

83

10

1

1

5

40

33

8

11

;

11

17

13

30

19

11

Percent distrtbufibnl

55

16

11

7

26

13

44

14

7

5

17

13

53

27

4

4

13

1

3

16

71

9

76

19

1

1

4

69

23

0

0

6

1

3

11

72

13

8s

9

1

2

4

33

30

13

f9

1

4

10

16

13

35

21

5

60

16

13

a

24

12

48

11

9

6

13

12

56

23

3

4

14

1

5

15

70

10

60

15

0

1

4

77

16

0

0

6

1

3

11

67

18

86

8

1

2

4

38

33

12

11

1

4

10

16

13

33

21

7

58

17

12

8

25

12

47

13

8

6

14

12

57

25

3

3

12

1

4

15

72

9

76

17

0

1

3

73

20

0

0

7

1

2

10

72

14

87

8

1

1

3

32

33

14

17

:

8

15

13

38

23

5

50

15

13

8

30

12

42

10

10

7

18

13

40

24

7

8

21

;

16

65

14

75

15

0

2

8

73

16

1

1

9

2

9

73

51

25

76

11

1

4

8

54

29

5

4

1

7

24

23

13

21

10

9

60

17

13

6

25

12

48

12

8

5

14

12

57

24

3

3

13

1

3

~

8

79

17

1

0

4

74

18

0

0

7

1

3

10

71

15

87

7

1

1

4

34

32

13

16

0

4

9

15

12

36

22

5

53

16

12

10

28

13

43

12

8

8

15

14

50

25

4

5

15

1

5

:

12

77

17

0

1

5

71

21

1

0

7

1

4

12

66

16

64

9

;

4

36

31

12

13

1

4

11

17

14

31

m

7
6 advancedata

Table 1.Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitude:) from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by seiected characteristics: United States, September 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Intenhvs of the ctwlian nonmstffutkmallzad imputation. The survey dasgn, general qualiflcatkms, and Inforrnatkm on the reliability of

the estimates are gtven m technical notes]

Age sex Race Martial status

18-29 3049 50 years

AIDS knowledge or attitude Total ye&s years and over Male Female White Black Marred Unmamad

7c. Living near a hosptal or home for AIDS patients?

Very hkety,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat unhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely notposwble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oon’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7d. Working nearsomeone wrth AIDS?

Vety likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatilkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definlteiynotpossiixe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7e. Ea!lnglnarestaurantwflerelhecook has AIDS?

Verylikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omawtratlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Somawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oefmitalynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7f. lUsSmg-wth exctmngeo fsaliva-ap atsonwhofmsAIDS?

Verylikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhallikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8omewhalunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryurrllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlaiynotpossib[e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkrmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7g. Shaking hands wlfflor touching someone whohes AIDS?

Very hkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewfratlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryuntikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflndalynotpoawble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7h. Sharmgplates, forks, orglasses w!lhsomeone whohaeAIDS?

Vetylikaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatilkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhatunllkely, ..,.,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnrtaiynot possible .,..... . . . . . .

Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7L Uslngpubhc toilets?

VeWllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflmteiynotposslbl e...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7]. Shanngneedlas fordrug usewihsomeone whohes AIDS?

Very llkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatlikely, ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unlikely, .,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dehnrtetynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorslkmw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7k. 10s.smgonthechaek aparsonwho has AIDS?

Very likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mawhalllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defin!talynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkrmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7[. Bemgcoughed orsnaazad on bysomaone whohes AltX?

Very llkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mawhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ve~unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definrlalynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

5

10

40

36

7

3

15

16

36

21

9

10

26

16

26

11

11

35

34

70

9

2

9

2

11

17

36

26

6

15

32

14

19

10

10

9

22

16

27

16

10

93

5

0

0

0

2

4

14

19

33

23

7

11

29

17

22

10

12

2

5

11

44

34

4

3

15

17

36

22

5

11

26

18

25

12

6

36

w,

11

10

3

7

2

11

16

39

27

4

15

33

16

17

10

8

11

22

18

24

18

7

95

4

0

0

0

1

3

16

21

32

25

4

11

29

17

23

11

9

1

5

10

41

36

5

3

15

16

36

21

6

10

24

16

28

12

9

33

34

12

11

2

8

2

11

16

41

27

4

14

31

15

23

11

7

7

20

17

32

17

8

94

4

0

0

1

4

12

20

35

25

5

U

19

25

11

9

1

4

10

37

36

11

4

16

13

33

20

14

10

28

13

22

10

16

36

35

7

7

2

13

3

11

16

33

23

11

15

33

12

17

9

14

11

25

12

23

13

15

89

6

0

1

0

4

5

15

17

31

19

13

12

34

14

i7

8

16

,

Percent dislrllmtton’

2

5

11

43

33

6

3

15

17

39

f8

7

10

27

16

26

10

11

36

34

12

9

2

6

2

12

16

39

24

5

14

33

:

8

9

7

22

z

15

8

92

5

0

0

2

4

16

21

34

21

6

11

3a

19

23

9

10

1

5

9

36

39

7

4

15

15

34

23

10

11

25

15

25

12

12

34

35

9

9

2

11

2

10

16

37

27

7

15

31

14

19

11

10

11

22

15

24

17

12

93

4

0

0

0

2

4

13

18

32

25

9

12

28

15

21

11

13

1

4

10

41

36

6

3

15

15

37

22

8

9

27

16

26

11

10

34

35

10

9

2

9

2

11

17

36

26

6

14

32

15

20

10

9

6

22

16

28

16

9

93

4

0

0

0

2

3

14

19

34

23

6

11

29

17

23

10

11

3

7

15

40

25

10

7

18

15

31

16

13

19

20

9

23

10

m

45

28

6

6

2

10

4

14

18

32

20

11

23

30

11

13

8

14

17

26

2

12

14

87

6

0

1

5

9

20

19

24

16

12

16

27

15

17

9

15

1

5

10

41

37

7

3

15

16

37

20

9

10

27

15

26

11

11

35

35

9

9

2

9

2

11

17

39

25

6

15

23

14

20

10

9

9

22

15

28

16

10

93

5

0

0

0

2

4

14

19

34

22

7

11

29

17

23

9

12

2

5

11

40

35

7

3

16

14

36

22

9

12

24

18

24

11

12

35

34

11

8

3

9

2

11

17

34

28

8

15

31

15

19

10

10

10

22

16

24

16

11

93

5

0

0

0

2

3

15

21

29

24

7

12

29

16

21

11

11

%efcucotesat erd oftable,
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Intarview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civiliin noninstrtutkmmllzed population. The survey design, general quaMicaIiins, and information on the reliability of

the estimates are given In technical notes]

Age sex Race ManW sfafus

l&?9 S0-49 W years

AIDS knowledge or affifude Total years years md over Male Female W?Me Black Marr@d Unmarrrad

7m. Attending school with a child who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhaf likeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somawhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely not possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorrlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7n. Mosqulfoes or other insects?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhat likeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wmewhat unhkely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttsly notpoesible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70. Pets orenlmak.?

VerylikePy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhalunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnttelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lkrmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7p. Havlngsexwiffr apersonwhohaa AIDS?

Veryllkeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sornewhatlikety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikehy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnltelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dorrlkrrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Haveyou overheard ofabloodtest forlnfectbnwtth the

AlDSVlms7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Doeathletesttell whetheraperson haslhedtseaseAIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NeverWardoflest(no/don’tknowto q.8). . . . . . . . . . .

10. Ifaperson hasaposrtive bloodiest forlnfection wilhtheAIDS

virus, doesthismeen thattheycangtie someoneelselhe AIDS

vnwsthrmghsexual intercourse?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nsverhearctoftest(no/donllmowtoq. a) . . . . . . . . . . .

11. Haveyou werhacl your fModtest edforlnfe cfkmwtfhtheAlDS

virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes, lnblood donatbnlWarrsfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dor’mknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never iWerdofl ast(no/donlk nowtoq.8). . . . . . . . . . .

12a. Have you aver thought about having th!s blood test?

Alreadyhad lest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverhesrdoftest(no/donlknowto q.8). . . . . . . . . . .

12b. Do you plan to be tested In the nefi 12 months?

Alreadyhadtesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkcow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of test or thought almut having test (no/don’t

knowtoq. 8orq. 12a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

see fodnotes ar end of tsble.

2

12

17

36

24

9

10

25

12

21

12

21

3

10

11

30

23

22

94

4

0

0

:

72

25

3

40

22

10

28

63

3

6

28

5

2

63

2

26

7

11

53

29

7

5

5

2

81

2

12

17

37

26

6

13

27

15

20

10

15

4

13

14

31

21

16

96

3

0

0

1

77

21

2

44

23

10

23

69

3

6

23

7

3

65

2

23

10

15

52

23

10

7

5

3

75

2

12

18

36

24

6

9

25

13

22

12

18

3

6

13

33

26

18

93

5

1

0

0

1

82

16

2

43

29

9

18

74

3

5

*8

5

3

72

1

18

9

15

57

19

:

6

3

76

3

12

15

33

22

14

9

24

9

18

12

28

3

11

7

25

23

31

92

3

0

0

4

57

3a

5

33

14

10

43

47

2

7

43

2

1

52

2

43

3

5

46

44

3

1

2

1

92

Percentdisttibuflcai

2

13

17

39

22

8

11

26

13

22

6

19

3

11

13

31

21

21

92

5

1

0

0

2

73

24

3

40

23

9

27

64

3

5

28

6

3

62

2

28

9

12

52

28

9

5

5

2

60

2

11

17

34

26

10

9

24

12

19

14

22

3

9

9

29

26

24

95

3

0

0

0

2

72

25

3

40

21

10

26

63

3

6

29

4

2

64

2

29

6

11

54

29

6

:

3

63

2

11

16

36

25

8

9

24

12

22

12

21

2

10

11

31

24

21

e4

4

0

0

0

1

73

24

3

40

23

10

27

65

3

6

27

4

2

65

2

27

7

2

27

7

4

5

2

63

5

15

17

30

18

15

18

30

11

11

8

22

8

14

12

21

17

27

92

3

0

0

5

61

35

5

39

12

10

39

52

4

4

39

8

2

49

2

39

10

19

31

40

10

11

3

4

71

2

12

17

37

23

9

9

26

12

21

12

20

2

11

11

32

24

20

94

4

0

0

0

2

73

24

3

40

24

9

27

64

3

6

27

4

2

65

2

27

6

5;

28

:

4

2

64

3

12

16

35

26

9

12

24

12

19

z

4

10

12

26

22

26

e4

4

0

0

:

70

27

3

40

19

10

30

62

3

5

30

6

3

60

2

M

9

15

46

30

9

7

5

3

76
8 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with seiected AIDS knowiedge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of me Cfvilian nonlnslitutionalized population. The survey design, general quafifiillone, and Information on the reliability of

the estimates are given in technical notes]

Age sex Race Marifa\ status

18-29 30-49 50 years

AIDS knowledge or aftitw.le Total yeas years and over Male Female Write Black Marr@d Unmarried

13, Where would you go to have a blood test for the AIDS virus

infection?3

Nowherehvouldn’t takelest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS cluNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

Other clmtc, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,::::::::::::

Doctor/HMO ...,,....,...,., . . . . . . . . . . . .

Red Cross/blood bank......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14. Where would yougoto fmdoufwhere tohavethlsblocd

test?z”

AIDS hot line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS CifliC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherchnlc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publlchaalthdepartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher

Nowhere&vouldn’ttaketest... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15. Have youdonated blood since 1985?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16. Have youaver personally known anyone whohadthebiood

test for the AIDS virus InfectOn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17. What arelhechsnces ofsomeone youknow getting the AIDS

virus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18. What areyour chancee ofgeftmg the AIDSvlrus?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19, Here aremethods some people usetoprevent geffmgthe AlDS

wrusthrough sexual actkmy. Howeffectrve IS—

19a. Usn_ig a d~phragm?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notalall effectwe, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffecfiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19b. Using a condom?

Veryeffeclwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SomewhateffactNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NotataJleffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffeclive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19c. Usingaspermlcldal jelly, foam,orcream?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhateffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleffacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknowmethod. ..,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19d. Being celibate, that te, not having sex at all?

Verfeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not atalleftectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tktmwhoweffecftte . . . ..,, . . .

Don’t knowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

25

49

2

16

5

3

14

40

17

6

29

12

66

0

13

85

1

9

17

36

26

0

11

1

3;

80

0

4

2

11

59

21

8

33

49

6

9

3

1

12

59

20

8

90

4

1

3

1

4

27

45

3

16

5

24

12

10

10

44

16

84

0

18

81

1

10

23

36

23

6

1

4

56

;

3

13

56

18

8

37

48

6

6

2

2

12

61

18

7

03

3

1

2

0

3

23

50

1

19

4

7

15

39

33

7

21

14

65

0

17

62

1

12

17

43

21

0

7

:

36

56

0

3

1

9

69

18

5

35

53

5

5

2

1

13

67

14

5

92

4

1

2

1

2

24

56

3

7

6

76

24

5

95

5

93

2

5

11

E

19

1

2:

68

7

Percent dislributionl

5

25

44

1

20

4

29

44

9

19

15

85

0

13

65

1

9

17

42

23

0

9

1

4

35

57

0

4

1

24

54

2

13

6

5

4

37

23

10

36

9

91

0

13

85

2

9

16

35

28

12

1

2;

83

0

5

2

24

51

2

16

5

4

13

45

11

4

34

12

66

0

14

85

1

9

16

40

25

0

10

1

4

31

80

0

4

5

25

46

2

17

3

24

76

8

91

0

10

87

2

11

20

24

27

18

2

2;

60

8

1

24

52

1

16

5

15

26

14

45

11

69

0

12

86

1

9

15

41

26

0

10

1

4

29

62

0

4

2 2 2 1 5 2

11 10 11 10 13 9

46 59 56 61 43 62

29 20 21 21 25 21

11 9 7 7 14 6

27 33 33 34 27 33

45 49 48 50 40 50

7 6 6 5 10 5

17 9 9 6 16 9

5 2 4 3 6 2

1 1 2 1 4 1

11 12 13 12 16 11

47 59 58 61 44 61

29 21 19 19 25 20

11 7 8 7 12 6

66 00 m 91 64 00

5 4 4 4 5 4

1 1 1 1 2 1

6 3 4 3 6 4

2 1 2 1 2 1

5

26

46

2

16

5

6

13

64

20

13

13

13

67

0

15

83

2

10

19

33

25

13

1

;

56

0

5

2

13

53

21

10

33

46

7

9

5

2

14

53

20

10

90

4

1

3

2

See footnotes at end of table,
advartcedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of thepercent of persons 18 years ofageand over with selected AIDSknowledge andatitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987—Con.

Li3ataare based on household interviewsof the ciwlien noninstitutione.lizadpopulation.The survey design, general qualffiiafiins, end information on the reltabiliiy of

tie estimates are gtven in technical notes]

Age sex Race Mark% status

18-29 3049 50 year3

AIDS knowledge or affflude Tote/ years years and over Male Female W?We Black Marrlad Unmarrtad

19e. Two DeoDle who do not have the AIDS vitus havlna a

20.

21.

24.

25.

26.

27.

26.

29.

completely monogamous relathtshlp, that is, havi;g sax

only wth each other?

Very effecttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat effectiv e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow howeffecfwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow memod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever discussed AIDS with a friend or relative?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When was the last time you discussed AIDS with a friend or

relatiie?

0-3daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

&14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevercliscussed(no/don’lknowtoq. 20). . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkMw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever discussed AIDS w~h [any of your children age

Io-lq?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Na b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nochildren l&17yearsofages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have your children had any instruction at schcal about AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noch!ldren l&17yeareofage5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ewer personally known anyone wdh the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you aver personally known anyone wrth AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tkmw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The U.S. PubIii Health Service has sakt that AIDS is one of the

major health problems in the country but exactly how many

peoplelaffeclsis not knawn.TheSurgean General has

proposedthatastudy beconducfedand blaadeamplesbe

laken to help find out how widespread the problem ts. If you

werasalected inthisnationel sample of People to have their

blood tested wrth assurances of privacy of test results, would

you have the Iest?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Would you want to know the resuils of the blood lest?e

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65

7

2

4

1

66

31

0

20

18

8

17

7

33

3

14

9

77

10

5

8

77

7

91

2

7

92

1

71

20

3

6

97

2

1

87

8

3

2

1

77

23

21

19

10

15

9

24

3

1

2

97

1

1

1

97

7

92

1

6

93

1

74

16

3

6

98

2

1

90

6

1

3

1

77

23

0

23

22

9

12

7

24

2

32

19

49

22

12

17

49

9

69

2

9

69

2

74

16

3

6

97

2

1

79

9

2

7

3

52

47

1

17

13

5

6

5

!33

5

3

3

84

3

1

2

94

4

94

t

4

95

1

66

24

3

7

97

2

1

Percent diitnbutiii

66

7

2

4

1

64

35

0

19

18

7

11

6

37

3

12

12

76

10

5

9

76

7

91

2

6

92

1

73

19

2

5

97

2

1

65

8

2

5

2

72

28

0

21

18

9

11

7

29

3

15

6

76

10

8

6

76

7

e2

2

7

92

1

69

m

4

7

97

2

1

87

7

1

3

1

69

31

0

m

16

8

11

7

33

3

13

6

76

9

8

7

78

7

92

1

6

92

1

72

19

3

6

97

2

1

77

10

3

8

2

67

33

0

21

16

6

6

7

35

4

16

14

71

14

4

10

71

9

87

3

10

66

2

67

21

2

9

97

3

1

87

7

1

4

1

68

31

1

21

18

8

11

6

33

3

18

11

71

13

7

9

71

6

92

1

6

93

1

73

19

3

5

97

2

1

63

9

2

4

2

66

32

0

18

18

8

11

8

33

3

7

5

69

:

5

69

8

90

2

8

90

2

69

20

3

8

98

1

1

$xcludespasons forwhomnoresponse wesrecordedw whorefuscdto reapond. Forquestion2thrcugh 27,toktalsoexcludes pemrewtmnsver bardofAIDS.

Vukipleresponses rnaysumtomorethan lWpercent.

3e_ on ~mm -WnW yes to questica 12a-

‘%sedonpersorsans wanngdon’t know to question 13.

~@asedon questi.n 22, Daycuhave anyctildrenaged 10-l?? Duestion 23wes, brnanydo~Mw?

Based on persora answerrng yes to questim 2B.

NOTE: Total, age, sex, and mantel status irwluda persons c# other end unkrkxn ma? rat shswn separately under race.
advancedata 10

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

Table 1. Sample size for the National Health interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and estimated adult population

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristics:

United States, September 1987

.EWi7afed

Sample population

Ctraractenstc size m ttrousands

All adulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,097 174,528

Age

18-29 yes!s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 47,725

30-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l,”le6 66,1 Oe

50years And over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,”131 60,695

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273 82,703

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,343 91,625

Raos

Wh~e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,S45 151,003

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 19,107

Marilal status

Currently manied, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 110,966

Unmarried, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 63,102

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain inforrnatio nonthe

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplem ental information is collected for all or

asample ofhousehold members. The A.IDS knowledge and

attitudes questions were asked ofasingle random$r chosen

adult 18 years of age or over in each household. The

estimates in this report are based on completed interviews

with 3,097 persons, or about 85 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to allow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have heard of AIDS. The

population figures in table I are based on first-quarter 1987

data from the NHIS; they are not official population estimates. Table 11 shows approximate standard errors of

estimates presented in table 1. Both the estimates in table 1

and the standard errors in table 11 are provisionaL They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the final data

file because they were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. The final data file c.nvering the

entire 5-month period of data collection, August through

December 1987, will be available in 1988.

Table Il. Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AllDS

Knowledge and Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, September 1987

Age Sex Race Marital status

16-,29 3&49 50 years

Estimated percent T&al wars wars and owr Male Female white f31ac/r Married Unmarried

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.0 0,8

100r90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.3 1.0

150r85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.2

200r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.6 1.4

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.9 1.5

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.6

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.o 21 1.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘[.1 2.1 1.7

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1.7

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 2.2 1,7

0.6

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

f.6

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

0.6

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1,4

1.4

1.4

0.5 1.2

0.7 1.7

0.9 2.0

1.0 2.3

1.0 2.5

1.1 2.6

1.1 2.7

1.2 2.8

1.2 2.8

1.2 2.9

0.6

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

i.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Centerfor Health Statistics Number 149 . April 4, 1988

Aging in the Eighties, People Living Alone–Two Years Later

Data from the 1984 and 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging Interviews

Mary Grace Kovar, Dr.P.H., Office of Vial and Health Statistics

Introduction

There is evidence that older people who live alone are

more likely to become institutionalized than people who

live with others (Branch and Jette, 1982), and that the risk

is greater at older ages (Cohen, Tell, and Wallack, 1986).

There is also evidence that people with strong social networks are more likely to survive and remain healthy than

those without such social interaction (Berkman and Syme,

1979; House, Robins, and Metzner, 1982; Berkman, 1985;

$eeman, Kaplan, Knudson et al, 1987). Data from the

Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview

Survey showed that many of the people living alone in 1984

did have living children or siblings, had had recent contact

with family or friends, or lived in housing without major

barriers to movement (NCHS, 1986). If such factors do

make it possible for people to remain in the community

rather than becoming residents of nursing homes, identi@-

ing those factors will furnish guidelines for supporting the

positive aspects and for identifying people at high risk of

institutionalization and, perhaps, postponing or averting

their institutionalization.

The Supplement on Aging had advantages over many

other data sources in that there were many measures of

functional health status in addition to measures of barriers

in housing, cent act with children, and recent social contacts.

It also had a large national sample. The disadvantage was

that there was no information about how these people fared

as they grew older. That disadvantage has been partly

overcome with the first reinterview of the oldest people 2

years later as part of the Longitudinal Study of Aging.

The data

In 1984 information on 16,148 people age 55 years and

over was obtained through the Supplement on Aging to the

National Health Interview Survey (NCHS, 1987a). This

supplement was designed to be the basis for a family of

Longitudinal studies that are known collectively as the Longitudinal Study of Aging.

The Longitudinal Study of Aging is a long-term collaborative project with the National Institute on Aging that

involves matches with exkting records, such as death certificates, for all of the people in the Supplement on Aging,

and reinterviews with samples of people who were in the

1984 study (Fitti and Kovar, 1987; NCHS, 1987b). One part

of the Longitudinal Study of Aging involved selecting a

sample of 5,151 people who were age 70 years and over in

1984 to be reinterviewed in 1986.

There were 5,151 people selected for reinterview in

1986. The status of 92 percent was ascertained through the

reintemiewq 4,130 were still living, and 604 were deceased.

Another 20 persons were identified as deceased through

matching with the NationaI Death Index for 19S4 and 19S5.

Information about the 1,921 people in the 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging reinterview sample who had been

living alone in 1984 is the basis of this report. The status of

91 percent, 1,743 persons, was ascertained in 19S6 through

the reinterview or the match with the National Death Index.

All estimates are national estimates for the population

age 70 years and over who were living in the United States

outside of institutions in 19S4. A brief description of the

study and the analytic methods are in the Technical notes; a

fill description of the study has been published (NCHS,

1987b).

Living alone or with others

In 1984 there were about 17 million people age 70

years and over living in the community in the United States

—6 million were living alone and 11 million were living with

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

at leas[ one other person (table A). Of the latter, 7 million

were living with a spouse only and 4 million lived with other

people. A sizable proportion of the last group was living

with other people because of their health (Kovar and

Harris, 1987). They were already having health problems

and at high risk of death or institutionalization.

Table A. Status in 1986 of people age 70 years and over living in

communities in 1984, according to living arrangements in 1984:

United States

Ltving arrangement In 19S4

With others

spouse Ail

Status m 7966 Total Alone Total onty others

Populallon In thousands

Total . . . . . . . . . 1T,335 6,351 10,964 6,963 4,021

Percent distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 Iwo 100.0 100.0

Alive . . . . . . . . . 66.2 69.6 67.3 69.0 64.3

In community . . 64.8 65.3 64,5 87.2 79.8

Alone . . . . . . . 34.0 77.8 9.2 8.1 11.1

With others. . . 50.8 7.4 75,3 79.1 66.8

In instrtutk3n . 3.4 4.6 2.6 1.6 4.5

Dead, . . . . . . . . 11.8 10.2 12.7 11.0 15.7

poor health than people in their seventies. It is health

status, however, not age per se, that leads to either death or

institutionalization (Kovar, 1987).

People who are receiving help with one or more Activities of Daily Living (bathing, eating, dressing, transferring,

walking getting outside, using the toilet) are more likely to

have died or become institutionalized 2 years later than

those who were not receiving such help (Kovar, 1987). Only

7.5 percent of the people age 70 years and over living alone

were receiving help with one or more Activities of Daily

Living (ADL) in 1984 (table 1). Although only 10 percent

of the people who had been living alone had died and only

5 percent had moved into nursing homes, 25 percent of the

people living alone who had been receiving help with one or

more ADL’s had died and 16 percent were in nursing

homes 2 years later (table B).

Table B. Status in 1986 of people age 70 years and over living

alone in 1964, ●ccording to help status in 1984: United States

Help status In 1964

Help wilh—

No

Status in 7966 Total ADL7 tADL ‘& Nether difkutty

Although the people who were living alone were, on

the average, older than those living with others in 1984,

they were not more likely to have died within the 2 years.

This is partly because the majority of the people living

alone were women, and women, on the average, live longer

than men. However, people who had been living alone were

more likely to be in nursing homes 2 years later than people

who had been living with others. Again, this may be partly

because of being women; older women are more likely to

be in nursing homes than older men (NCHS, 1987c).

Most of the older people had the same living arrangements in 1986 that they had had 2 years earlier. Of the

people who had been living alone in 1984,78percent were

still living alone 2 years later; of those who had been living

with others, 75 percent were living with others 2 years later.

The data from the 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging

reintemiew confirm earlier research. Although few people

were in nursing homes 2 years later, the percent of those

who had been living alone who were in nursing homes was

higher than the percent of those who had been living with

others. Moreover, when only people who were not receiving

help with one or more Activities of Daily Living in 1984 are

considered, the percent remained higher (3.7 versus 1.6

percent), although the difference is not statistically significant.

People living alone

Of all the factors associated with entering a nursing

home. age and functional status at the time of the original

intemiew arc the most powerful. The two are, of course,

associated; people in their eighties are more likely to be in

PopulationIn thousands

Total . . . . . . . . . 6,351 478 1,204 76S 3,eol

Percent distribution

Tolat . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

In communtty. . . . 85.3 59.1 77.6 63.4 91.1

Alone .,,.... 77.8 52.0 67,4 60.5 83.7

Wfih others. . . . 7.4 7.1 10.2 2.9 7.5

In Instllufbn. . . . . 4.6 15.9 7.9 5.9 1.9

Dead . . . . . . . . . 10.2 24.9 14.5 10.7 7.0

lAOLk AcWfyof Dally Wi~

1 IADLis IrstnmmntdActivityof Daliy Living.

Therefore, it is important to determine whether

barrier-free housing, frequency of seeing children, and

contacts with family and friends are associated with receiving such help. Some of these measures were associated with

functional status. People who needed to have their major

living components on one floor or who needed a walk-in

shower were significantly more likely than others to be

receiving help with one or more ADL’s (table 1). People

who had at least one child who could be with them within

10 minutes or who saw or talked with at least one child

daily were more likely to be receiving help than people who

saw or talked with their children less frequently (table 2).

People who had not gotten together or talked on the

telephone with friends or neighbors or who had not gone to

religious or social events were significantly more likely than

those who had to be receiving help with one or more ADL’s

(table 3). In contrast, neither the housing characteristics

shown in table 1 nor having had recent contact with relatives was significantly associated with receiving such help.

Therefore, associations between the social and environmental characteristics and survival or remaining in the

community should be evaluated for people who were not

already receiving help at the beginning of the study.
advancedata 3

The data on status in 19S6 for people who were living

alone and who were not receiving help with any Activities of

Daily Living in 1934 are shown in tables 4-6. Their status 2

years later was better than that of the total group. Only 9.0

percent of these people (rather than 10.2 percent) had died

and 3.7 percent (rather than 4.6 percent) were in nursing

homes 2 years later.

It is obvious from table 4 that the need for appropriate

housing measures something different from the receipt of

help. People needing appropriate housing were significantly

more likely to have died or to be institutionalized 2 years

later than people who did not have such a need. Having

major living areas on one floor is not sufficient; the difference behveen those with and without a need for such

facilities is significant even for people who had them.

The association between seeing at least one child daily

and living with someone else 2 years later is statistically

significant. None of the other associations in table 5 is

statistically significant, although there is a suggestion that

people without children or who do not live very close to at

least one child are more likely to be in institutions rather

than living with others 2 years later.

All of the associations between recent nonfarnilial social contacts in 1984 and death 2 years later shown in table

6 are statistically significant. People who had had no contact

with friends or neighbors within 2 weeks and who were still

in the community 2 years later were also more likely to be

living with others. However, recent contacts with relatives

were not significantly associated with the older person’s

status 2 years later, and there were no statistically significant associations with institutionalization.

Summary

Older people who had been living alone were more

likely than those living with others to be in a nursing home

2 years later. However, there is evidence of a progression;

people live alone, then with other people if others are

available, then they may become nursing home residents.

Older people who die or who become residents of

nursing homes do so not because they are old or because

they have no family to provide care but because they are

sick people. Regardless of whether people had been living

alone or with others, people who had been receiving help

with any Activity of Daily Living were more likely to be in a

nursing home or to have died 2 years later.

Even when only people who had not been receiving

help with any Activity of DaiIy Living in 1984 are considered, the data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging 1986

reintemiew show that people who had had recent cent act

with friends or neighbors are more likely to be alive. and

people with children whom they see daily are more likely to

live with others 2 years later. Although the data are not in

this report, they also suggest that people who had living

brothers and sisters were more likely to survive the 2-year

period.

There are multiple confounders in studying aging and

remaining independent. It is not sufficient to study only

physical or functional health, barriers to movement, availability of family, or social contacts. All of these may function as protection against institutionalization or early death.

Many may be associated with other things not measured or

have interrelationships with one another that were not

measured. The study included no question, for example,

asking why people had no living children. It is possible that

they never had children because of their ill health early in

life or that their children died early. It is possible that those

w“thout living siblings had had siblings who died prematurely. The survivors may share a genetic predisposition

that would leave them alive but in poor heakh.

Many of the relationships are only suggestive. Niost of

the people who were age 70 years and over and living alone

in 1984, 78 percent of the people whose status in 1986 was

confirmed, were still living alone 2 years later. The major

reason people were not still living alone was death. The

second reason was that they were now living with others,

usually children. AIthough people who had been living

alone were more likely to be in nursing homes 2 years later

than those who had been living with others, only 4.6 percent

were in nursing homes in contrast with 85 percent who

were still living in the community outside of nursing homes.

More peopie who had been living alone were living with

others 2 years later than were in nursing homes.

Two years is a very short period in which to observe

change. Older people who are not already dependent are

not highly likely to die or become institutionalized in that

time. Most of the people had had no change in their living

arrangements they had been living alone in 1984 and were

still living alone 2 years later. It will take a longer time

period, with more opportunity for change to occur, to

confirm relationships that these data suu<~est.
4 advancedata

References

Berkman, L.E. 1985. The relationship of social networks and

social support to morbidity and mortality. In Social Supporr and

Health, edited by S. Cohen and S. L. Syme. Orlando, Fla. Academic Press.

Berkman, L.E. and S.L. Syme. 1979. Social networks, host resistance, and mortality A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda

Coun~ residents. Am. J. Epidemiol. 109:186-204.

Branch, L.G. and A.M. Jette. 1982. A prospective study of longterm care institutionalization among the aged. Am. J. Pub. Heal/h

72(12):1373-1379.

Cohen, M.A., E.J. Tell, and S.S. Wallack. 1986. The lifetime risks

and costs of nursing home use among the elderly. Medical Care

24(12):1161-1172.

Fitti, J.E. and M.G. Kovar. 1987. A multi-mode longitudinal

study: The Longitudinal Study of Aging. Proceedings of the Swvey

Research Section of the Amen”can StatisticalAssociation.

House, J. S., C. Robbins, and H.L. Metzner. 1982. The association

of social relationships and activities with mortality: prospective

evidence from the Tecumseh Community Health Study. Am. J.

Epidetnio/. 116:123-140.

Kcwar, M.G. 1987. The Longitudinal Study of Aging Some

estimates of change among older Americans. Proceedings of the

1987 Public Healtlz Conference on Records and Statistics.pp 397-

98. DHHS Pub, No. (PHS) 88-1214. National Center for Health

Statistics. Hyattsville, Md.

Kovar, M. G. and T. Hams. 1987. Who will care for older people?

Proceedings of the Social StatisticsSection of the American Statktical Association.

National Center for Health Statistics, M.G. Kovar and G.S. Poe.

1985. The design and procedures for the National Health Interview Survey. Vi/aland Health Statistics.Series 1 No. 18. DHHs Pub

No. (PHS) 85-1320. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, M.G. Kovar. 1986. Aging in

the eighties, age 65 and older and living alone, contacts with

family, friends, and neighbors. Advance Data From Vital and

HeaMz Statistics.No. 116. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 86-1250. Public

Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

National Center for Health Statistics, J.E. Fitti and M.G. Kovar.

1987a. The Supplement on Aging to the 1984 National Health

Interview Survey. k’?taI and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 21.

DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1323. Public Health Service. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.

National Center for Health Statistics, M.G. Kovar and J.E. Fitti.

1987b. The Longitudinal Study of Aging A description of the

study. Working Paper Series. No. 31.

National Center for Health Statistics, E. Hing. 198’7c. Use of

nursing homes by the elderly. Advance Data From KtaI and

Health Statistics.No. 135. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 87-1:250. Public

Health Service. Hyattsville, Md.

Seeman, T.E., G.A. Kaplan, L. Knudsen et al. 1987. Social

network ties and mortality among the elderly in the Alameda

County Study. Am. J. EpidemioI. 126(4):714-723.
advancedata 5

Table 1. People who were 70 years and over and living alone by

housing characteristics and whether they were receiving help

with one or more Activities of Daily Living in 1984: United States

Table 2. People who were 70 years and over and living alone by

contacts with children and whether they were receiving help with

one or more Activitiesof Daily Living in 1984: United States

Housing

klmether rec.eh’lrrghelp

charactemtlcs .Sample Total No Yes

Whether racewing help

Contact wrth

chtldran SampLa Total NO Yes

Allpaople . . . . . . . . . . .

Steps to outside

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Levels inside

One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

More than one . . . . . . . .

Need bedroom, bathroom,

kichen on same floor

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have badrmm, bathroom,

kfichen on same flcor

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed . . . . . . . . . . .

Not needed . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed! . . . . . . . . . .

Not needed . . . . . . . .

Need walk-in shower

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have walk-in shower

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed! . . . . . . . . . .

Notnaerkl . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed . . . . . . . . . . .

Notneedad . . . . . . . .

1,921

406

1,513

1,188

733

853

1,28a

1,762

627

1,135

159

28

133

321

1,600

325

2:

1,596

242

1,3s4

Number

6,351

1,365

4,986

3,928

2,423

2,008

4,343

5,816

1,911

3,905

535

97

438

954

5,397

1,102

242

859

5,249

712

4.S37

5,873

1,265

4,807

3.831

2,242

1,590

4,282

5,359

1,502

3,656

513

69

425

729

5,144

1,041

208

632

4.832

52U

4,312

478

99

379

297

181

418

60

456

409

47

22

9

13

225

253

61

;

417

191

226

7.5

7.3

7.6

7.6

7.5

20.8

1.4

7.8

21.4

1.2

4.1

8.8

3.1

23.6

4.7

5.5

14.1

3.1

7.9

26.9

5.0

Atl people . . . . . . . . . . .

Noltvingchildren. . . . . .

WITH LWING CHILDREN

Sex of chifdren

SonsonIy . . . . . . . . . . .

Daughters only.. . . . . .

Both . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time for nearest child to

@ here

WithlnlOminutas. . . . . .

10minutesorrnore. . . . .

Frequency of seeing a

chiid

Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-8timasawaak . . . . . .

Waakty . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan weakly . . . . . .

Frequency of tatking wnh

a child

Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6timas awaak . . . . . .

weekly. . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthartwaekiy . . . . . .

Frequency of seeing or

talking with a child

Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6trrnas awaek . . . . . .

Waekfy . . . . . . . . . . . .

LasstharrwmXdy. . . . . .

1.921

530

362

328

702

408

965

376

285

280

4!33

!%4

267

254

w

m

276

238

199

6,351 5,873 478

1,744

1,186

1,112

2,327

1,336

3,269

1,209

927

948

1,524

1,632

903

886

1,037

2,168

930

821

86s

1,665

1,101

1,017

2,067

1,159

3,049

1,041

838

869

1,459

1,594

854

626

934

1,917

873

788

632

79

84

95

241

179

221

167

88

80

84

237

49

40

73

271

57

35

38

Percent

7.5

4.5

5.5

8.5

10.3

13.4

6.7

13.8

9.5

8.4

4.2

13.0

5.4

4.6

7.3

12.4

6.2

4.2

5.4

‘Fewer than100 sampleperscrm
6 advancedata

Table 3. People who were 70 years and over tend living alone by

recent social contacts and whether they were receiving help with

one or more Activities of Daily Living in 1984: United States

Table 4. Status In 1986 of people who were 70 years and over,

Ilving alone and not receiving help with Activities of Dailly Living

in 1984, ●ccording to housing characteristics in 1984:

United States

Status /n 7986

In commum?y

Houskrg cheracteristks Wtitr

in 1964 Total Total Alone others lnstitutiorr Dead

Whetherreceiving help

Contacts wffhin 2 weeks .Samp/e Total No Yes

Number Populatbn In lhousands Percent

Allpople . . . . . . . . . . .

Got together wiih friends

or neghbors

Yes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Talked on !elephone wflh

trends or neghbors

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Got together with relatws

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Talked on telephone wth

1,921

1,366

555

1,606

315

1,466

455

1,650

271

882

939

468

1,433

6,351

4,609

1,742

5,323

1,027

4,897

1,454

5,462

5,873

4,354

1,515

4,984

478 7.5

Percent distribution

Allpeople . . . . . . . . . . . ..lco.o

Steps 10 outskle

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1oo.O

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..loo.o

Levels mstie

One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..i0o.0

Morethenone . . . . . . . . . . 1CS3.O

87.3 79.9 7.5

6,5

7.7

7.3

7.7

8.2

7.2

7.3

7.1

7.3

9.4

26.0

5.7

9.9

7.1

10.4

10.4

10.4

6.8

9.6

6.5

3:7

4;3

3.:3

3.4

4.’1

6.7

2.6

3.0

7. I

2.6

1.[3

0.()

2.2

6.3

3.3

4.0

6.7

3.4

3.6

6;1

3.3

9.0

9.3

8.9

9.3

6.5

15.1

6.8

9,4

15.7

7.1

4.6

5.1

4.5

18.6

7.7

9.1

24.0

5.5

9.0

16.4

8.1

251

227

5.4

13.0

85.8 79.3

67.8 60.0

339 6.4

13.5 87.3 80.0

87.4 79.7 888 139

Need bedroom, bathroom,

kilchen on same floor

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have bedroom, bathroom,

kitchen on same floor”

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notrraeded . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notneeded . . . . . . . . . .

Need walk-in shower

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Havewalk-inshower

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed’ . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nolneeded . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needed . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notneeded . . . . . . . . . .

4,5”14

1,358

5,060

813

3,189

2,684

1,8U8

4,185

383 7.8

95 6.6 100.0

100.0

78.2 70.0

90.6 83.5

relatives

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WenI to church or

synagogue

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . .

402

76

7.4

8.6

.

. .

. .

. .

889 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

88.7 79.5

77.2 70.1

80.4 83,0

93.6 84.2

e4.9 68.8

93.3 87.6

3,300

3,051

1,724

4,627

111

367

3.4

12.0

Went 10 other group

event

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

75.2 65.3

89.0 81.9 38

442

2.1

9.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

86.9 76.4

69.4 58.9

91.2 80.7

87.4 60.6

77.5 87.9

68.6 82.1

ka.sed0nfew3rthan lCOp9rson5 tnthesample,
advancedata 7

Table 5. Status in 19860f people whowere 70 years and over,

living alone, and not receiving help with ActMties of Daily Lfving

in 1984, according to contacts with children in 198*

United States

Statushr IsI&s

Table 6. Status in 1986 of people who were 70 years and over,

living ●lone and not receiving help with Activities of Daily Living

in 1984, ●ccording to recent social contacts in 1984:

United States

Statusin 1966

In conrmun.Vy

Contacts with With

ch[ldren in 1984 Total Totat Alone others lnsttlutbn Dead

m commumfy

Contacts WYhh 2 weeks W(W

in 1984 Total Totet Alone ottrecs Inslttution Dead

Percentdistribulbn Percent distributbn

All people . . . . . . . . . . .

No Itving children. . . . . .

WITH UVING CHILDREN

Sex of children

Sonsonly . . . . . . . . . . .

Daughters only . . . . . . .

both . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time for nearest child to

get here

Within 10 minutes. . . . . .

10 minutesor more. . . . .

Frequency of seeing a

child

Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6 fiiesaweek . . . . . .

Weekly . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than weekly. . . . . .

Frequency of taiking with

a child

Daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6tirnes tweak . . . . . .

Weekly . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lass then weekly. . . . . .

Frequerwy of seeing or

faiklng wilh a chiid

Dally . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-6 fimesaweek . . . . . .

Weekly . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than weekly. . . . . .

1W.o

100.0

87.3 79.9

87.2 61.6

7.5

5.6

6.0

6.0

10.4

9.7

7.6

11.1

7.7

8.7

6.2

9.6

5.8

8.0

8.1

9.9

3.7

4.0

3.6

2.9

3.8

2.7

3.8

2.8

5.4

3.7

2.9

3.9

3.9

2.3

3.7

4.2

3.5

3.3

21

Ail people . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 87.3 79.9 7.5

6.5

10.3

6.7

11.8

8.2

5.0

7.6

6.6

7.6

7.2

6.2

6.0

3.7

3.2

5.1

3.3

5.5

3.4

4.6

3.5

4.8

3.1

4.4

1.7

4.5

9.0

8.8

6.9

6.3

10.7

9.0

9.2

9.3

8.4

127

7.2

11.7

5.1

6.1

11.1

10.7

6.3

7.3

10.5

9.0

7.5

13.4

7.9

15.6

8.6

10.4

8.6

12.0

5.1

13.8

4.7

10.8

Gottogether wtIh frfends or

neighbors

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 69.3 82.9

lW.O 81.5 71.2 i 00.0

100.0

100.0

69.6 63.6

68.8 82.8

65.5 75.0

Talked on teiephone with

frksndsor neighbors

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 68.7 62.0

lIMO 78.8 67.0

66.3 78.6

87.0 79.4

100.0

100.0

Got togetherwtth ralef~

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 66.0 79.6

100.0 65.0 60.1

Tetkad on teiephone with

relatives 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

67.9 76.8

66,2 78.5

63.5 74.9

68.9 63.7

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 87.9 60.3

1~.O 63.2 76.6

Went to church or

synagogue

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iat.o 91.9 64.2

1C$3.O 81.9 74.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

64.4 74.8

91.0 85.2

91.6 63.5

65.3 77.2 Wentto othergroup event

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0 93.6 87.4

100.0 64.7 76.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

65.2 75.3

90.2 622

69.4 62.5

87.4 623

6.0

6.9

5.1
advancedata 9

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Survey is the large

continuing survey of the National Center for Health Statistics that is used to collect information about the health

status of people living outside of institutions in the United

States. Each year through 1984 (the sample size and design

were changed in 1985) people in about 42,0011households

\vere interviewed in the household by U.S. Bureau of the

Census Interviewers (NCHS, 1985).

The National Health Interview Survey uses a basic

questionnaire to collect information about everyone living

in the households selected in the sample and supplements,

which are usually added for 1 year, to edect information

on special topics or about special populations.

In 1984 the supplement was designed to obtain information about people age 55 years and over living in households. This supplement, the Supplement on Aging has

been described and the questionnaire has been published

(NCHS, 1987a). Its importance in the present context is

that it was also designed to be the basis for longitudinal

studies. The name, address, and telephone number of

someone not living in the household was obtained along

with permission to link information from the suwey with

other existing files of data. The longitudinal studies based

on the Supplement on Aging are known collectively as the

Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA).

The first Longitudinal Study of Aging sample was

selected to be reintewiewed in 1986. The focus was on the

oJdest-old and their changes in functional status and living

arrangements. Therefore, only people who had been age 70

years and over in 1984 were selected for this reinterview

sample (table I).

Table 1.Selection of the 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging

interview sample from the Supplement on Aging sample

SOA LSOA

Age and race Number Numbr Fafcent

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,541 5,151 88.3

Age in 1984

70-79 years . . . . . . . . . . 5,446 3,081 56.2

W years and over . . . . . 2,095 2,090 99.8

Race

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,891 4,535 65.8

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . 650 616 94.8

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 560 99.5

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 56 64.4

Selection was in three stages. First, all households with

a person age 80 and over were selected. Everyone age 80

years and over in these households and their relatives age

70 years and over were included. Second, aIl households

with a black person age 70 years and over were selected. All

black persons and their relatives age 70 years and older in

NOTE:A list of referencesfollowsthe text.

these households were included. Finally, the remaining

households with a person age 70-79 years were randomIy

sorted and one-half the households were selected. If there

was more than one person age 70-79 in a household that

was selected, all were included. Because the sample was

selected from the Supplement on Aging file before final

editing, five people who would have been selected from the

final edited file were not included in the 1986 Longitudinal

Study of Aging reinterview sample.

The 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging reinterviews

were Z&Oconducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

However, data were collected by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) rather than personal interviews

in the household. If there was no telephone number for

either the sample person or a contact person, or if there

was no response to repeated telephone calls, a questionnaire with a postage-paid return envelope addressed to the

U.S. Bureau of the Census was mailed.

Of the 5,151 people selected for reinterview, the status

of 92.3 percent was ascertained through the 1986 reinterview (table II). Almost all of the 7.7 percent of the people

whose status was not ascertained were not located by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census interviewers. A few were located but could not be interviewed because they were

unable to speak on the telephone due to illness or hearing

or language difficulties.

Table Il. Interview status of people in the Longitudinal Study of

Aging 1986 Interview sample, according to living arrangements

in 1964

Status in 1984

Wlh

Intenfbwstatusm 1986 Total Alone others

Number In sample

Total sample . . . . . . . . . . . 5,151 1,921 3,230

Percenl distrtbuhon

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1IM.O 100.0 100.0

Ascertalnad

Incommuruty . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 75.6 76.9

Atone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 66.3 86

Wthothe!s . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 7.3 661

Ininstftution . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.9 30

Dead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 10.1 133

Not ascertained

Not located . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 9.1 6,5

Other reason . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2

Three-quarters of the people who were in the 1984

sample and who were still alive in 1986 answered the

questions for themseives (table III). Of the people still

living in the community in 1986, 79 percent answered all

questions for themselves. Almost all the other respondents

were residents of the sample person’s household when they

answered the questions. Except for people who were residents of nursing homes in 1986, very little information was

obtained from contact persons.
10 advancedata

Table Ill. Respondents to the 1986 Longitudinal Study of Aging

interviews

Wltt) In same Contact

Status in 1966 irrterww Total SeI7 trouse prison

Number Percentdletrtbution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . 4,7f8

Alive . . . . . . . . . . 4,114

Incommumly . . . . 3,936

Alone. .,...... 1,597

Wth others . . . 2,341

Ininsttution . . . 176

Dead . . . . . . . . . . 604

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

65.7 30.4

75.4 20.2

76.7 18.4

8S..4 8.3

72.1 25.3

0 60.0

0 100.0

3.9

4.4

2.9

3.3

2.6

39.2

0

NOTE An adddional 20 pereons were Ibcated through matching wth the

National Death Index. They are not included In this table.

The Longitudinal Study of Aging has been described

(Fitti and Kovar, 1987) and a description of the study,

which includes a written version of the Computer Assisted

Telephone Intewiewing questionnaire, is available from the

National Center for Health Statistics and the Government

Printing Office (NCHS, 1987b).

Analytic methods

The Longitudinal Study of Aging 1986 reinterview is

designed to produce national estimates for people who

were age 70 years and over and living in the community in

1984. The weights were recalculated to take the subsampling into account. All data in this report are national

estimates for people who were age 70 years and over and

living in households in the United States in 1984.

The percent distributions that show the individual’s

status in 1986 (tables 4-6) are based only on people whose

status was ascertained in 1986. This is equivalent to assumNOTE A kt of references followsthe text.

ing that the people who were not located were the same as

those who were. That assumption is not valid for many

purposes. People who were not located in 1986 wem more

likely to be living alone (46 versus 37 percent) and less

likely to have a telephone (87 versus 99 percent) than those

whose status was ascertained. However, because the purpose of this report is to describe people who had been living

alone, the first difference does not bias the data. The

second one could, but there were so few people who did not

have telephones themselves or give the name of a contact

person with a telephone that the difference should not have

much effect on the estimates.

Because the sample of people living alone is relatively

small, 1,921 persons, differences that appear to be large

may not be statistically significant. The average weight for

the Longitudinal Study of Aging sample is 3,365. For

example, the population estimate of 1.7million people who

had not gotten together with friends or neighbors within 2

weeks of the 1984 interview is based on 555 people in the

sample.

For general purposes, sampling errors for estimates

shown in this report can be estimated by using the formula

Variance = pqln

where p = proportion of people with the characteristic

q = (1 –p)

= proportion of people without the characteristic

n = number of people in the sample

and then taking the square root of the variance. The sample

numbers are given in tables I-3.

This approximation can be used for data in this report

because the impact of the clustering due to the complex

sample design is negligible for older people living alone.

The approximation is not necessarily appropriate for other

data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging. It may not be

appropriate for people living with others because the subsampling procedure was designed to collect information

about all persons age 70 years and over in every household

that was selected for the Longitudinal Study of Aging 19S6

reintemiew sample.
From Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics Number 150 ● March 9, 1988

AIDS KnowledgeandAttitudesforOctober 1987

Provisional Data From the NationaI Health Interview Survey

Deborah A. Dawson, Ph.D., Marcie Cynamon, M.A.,

and Joseph E. Fitti, M.S.P.H., Division of Health Interview Statistics

Introduction

The National Center for Health Statistics has introduced a special set of supplemental questions on the adult

population’s knowledge and attitudes about squired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS). This report presents provisional

findings for October, the third month of data collection

with the AIDS questionnaire. Data for August and September 1987 have been published in Adwmce Data From PM

and Health Statistics Nos. 146 and 148. This report updates

the earlier reports and for the first time describes educational differences in AIDS knowledge and attitudes.

The Advance Data reports describing the NHIS AIDS

data have been restricted to simple descriptive statistics in

order to permit their timely release. Thus, these reports do

not attempt to explain or interpret differences among population subgroups in AIDS knowledge or to examine relationships among various measures of knowledge, attitudes,

and perceived risk. The AIDS data base will permit more

complex analyses than those presented in this series of

Advance Data reports, and such analyses currently are

being undertaken by various groups in the Public Health

Service.

The AIDS questionnaire was designed to provide baseline estimates of public knowledge and attitudes about

AIDS transmission and prevention of AIDS virus infection

and to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes over

time. The data also were needed as input for the planning

and development of AIDS educational campaigns and for

evaluation of major educational efforts.

The AIDS questionnaire was developed by the National Center for Health Statistics and interagency working

groups established by the Information, Education and Risk

Factor Reduction Subcommittee of the Public Health Service Executive Task Force on AIDS. The working groups

included representatives from the Centers for Disease Control; the National Institutes of Health; the Alcohol, Drug

Abuse and Mental Health Administration; and the Health

Resources and Services Administration.

The questionnaire includes items on self-assessment of

knowledge about AIDS; sources of information about

AIDS; knowledge about AIDS and MIX-related risk factors, modes of transmission, and blood tests for the AIDS

virus plans to take such a test; recent experience with

blood donation; self-assessment of chances of getting

AIDS; personal knowledge of people with AIDS or the

AIDS virus; and finaI1y,willingness of respondents to take

part in a proposed national seroprevalence study.

This report presents provisional data for October 1987

for aIl AIDS questionnaire items. Table 1 displays percent

distributions of persons 18 years of age and over by response categories according to age, se~ race, and education. In most cases, the actual question asked of the

respondent is reproduced verbatim in table 1, along with

the response categories. In a few cases, questions or response categories have been rephrased or combined. Refusals and other nonresponses are excluded from the

denominator in the calculation of estimates, but responses

of “don’t know” are incIuded.

Selected findings

Changes in knowledge

The most notable changes in knowledge between September and October 1987 were in the proportions of adults

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ● Public Health Service ● Centers for Disease Control
2 advancedata

~ August - .%plf)mbOr = O.t.b.r

Shaking hands with or touching someone who has AIDS

Attending school with a child who has AIDS

Kissing on the cheek a person who has AIDS

Donating or giving blood

Pets or animals

Using public toilets

o 20 40 60 60 100

Percent

SOURCE National Center tor Health SIatistic6, Dlvislonof Health tnlorvlewStatlallcs, Natlona!Health hlervlew Suvoy.

Figure 1. Provlolonal ●stimatos of porcont of ●dults who think It Is vary unlikely or doflnltoiy not posslblo to get AIDS or tho AIDS virus

Infection from various conjectured mode~ of tnsnsmlsslon: Unltod Stats@, August -Octobsr, 1967

who thought that it is very unlikely or definitely not possible

to get AIDS or the AIDS virus through various modes of

casual contact. As shown in “figure 1, these changes represent the continuation of a trend that began with the August

AIDS data. While all of these differences between September and October are statistically significant, some of the

differences in proportions between August and September

are not.

In October, 68 percent of Americans 18 years of age

and over reaIized that it is very unlikely or impossible to get

AIDS by shaking hands with someone who has AIDS,

compared to 63 percent in September and 61 percent in

August. The proportion of adults thinking it very unlikely

or impossible to get AfDS by attending school with a child

who has AIDS increased from 58 percent in August to 60

percent in September and 65 percent in October.

There were also increases in the proportions of adults

thinking it very unlikely or definitely not possible to get

AIDS or the AIDS virus by kissing on the cheek a person

with AfDS (60 percent in October compared to 56 percent

in August and 55 percent in September), donating or giving

blood (54 percent in August, 56 percent in September, and

60 percent in October), and using public toilets (40, 43, and

47 percent, respectively). Smaller but statistically significant

changes were observed for a number of the other forms of

casual contact as well.

Following a number of statistically significant changes

in the level of knowledge about other aspects of AIDS and

the AIDS virus between the months of August and September 1987, there were few changes between September and

October. In October, more than 90 uercent of all adults 18

years of age and over thought that it is definitely or

probably true that AIDS leads to death, that there is no

cure for AIDS at present, and that the AIDS virus can be

transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared needles, and

from a pregnant woman to her baby. Almost as many

adults, 89 percent, realized that AIDS cripples thle body’s

natural protection against disease. Approximately threefourths of all adults thought that it is definitely or probably

true that AIDS is caused by a virus and that a person can be

infected with the virus without having the disease AIDS.

The proportion of adults who thought it definitely false that

an AIDS vaccine is available to the public increased slightly

from 69 percent in September to 71 percent in October.

Differences by education

There are striking differences in AIDS knowledge

according to level of education. Data from the National

Health Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes

show that adults who have completed 12 or more years of

school know more about virtually all aspects of AIDS than

do individuals with less than 12 years of school completed.

For many items, there also is a statistically significant

difference in knowledge between persons with 12 years of

school completed and those who have completed more than

12 years of school. The following highlights describe some

of the differences by education as observed in the October

data from the NHIS AIDS survey. All differences cited in

the subsequent text are statistically significant.
advanceciata 3

~Less than -12 years =Mora than

12 years 12 years

93

1

1

AIDS leads to death

There la no cure for AIDS at present

Any person with the AIDS virus can pasa it on to

someone else during sexual Intercourse

A pregnant woman who has the AIDS virus can

give AIDS to her baby

AIDS can cripple the body’s natural

protactlon against dieeasa

A person can be infected with the AIDS vkurt and not

have the disease AIDS

AIDS Is a disease caused by a vfrua

The AIDS virus can damage the brain

2$

I 1 1 1 I 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE National Centw for Health Statistics, Dbdsionof Hsslth Intorvlew Statistics, National H.altlr tntorviowSUWoy.

Flguro 2. Provisional ●stlmstoa of porcont of poraons 18 yoara of ago and ovor who think aolcctsd statamwtts about AIDS ●ro dofhrltcly true,

by ●ducatloru Unltod St8t0a, Octobor 1987

Awareness of AIDS-While virtually everyone, regardless of education, has heard of AIDS, the more highly

educated adults reported having last heard about the disease more recently than those with less education. Sixtyeight percent of adults with less than 12 years of school

completed last saw, heard, or read about AIDS in the 3

days preceding the NHIS interview, compared to 75 percent of those with 12 years and 79 percent of those with

more than 12 years of school completed.

SeZJ-perceived knowledge-Nine percent of adults with

less than 12 years of education felt that they know a lot

about AfDS, compared to 16 and 33 percent, respectively,

of persons with 12 and more than 12 years of education.

The proportion of individuals who stated that they know

“some” about AIDS increases with edueation as well, from

26 percent for those with less than 12 years of school

completed to 48 percent for those with more than 12 years.

More than one-fourth (26 percent) of adults with Iess than

12 years of education said that they know nothing about

AIDS, compared to 7 percent of those with 12 years and 2

percent of those with more than 12 years of education.

General knowledge-Figure 2 shows the percents of

adults answering “definitely true” to selected knowledge

questions. In most cases, these proportions increase directly

with education.

The largest differences by education are on statements

that describe the cause of AIDS and the ways in which the

disease affects the immune system. Thirty-four percent of

adults with less than 12 years of school completed thought

that it is clefinitely true that AIDS is caused by a virus,

compared to 47 percent of those with 12 years and 58

percent of those with more than 12 years of school completed. Likewise, the proportion of adults who thought that it is

definitely true that AIDS can cripple the bod~s natural

protection against disease varies from 47 percent (less than

12 years of school) to 87 percent (more than 12 years of

school), and the proportion who thought it definitely true

that a person can be infected with the AIDS virus and not

have the disease AIDS varies from 33 to 66 percent,

respectively. The percent of adults who stated that it is

definitely false that “you can tell if people have the AIDS

virus just by looking at them” also increases sharply with

education, from 56 percent of persons with less than 12

years of education to 69 and 81 percent, respectively, of

those with 12 and more than 12 years.

Transmission of the AIDS vims-As shown in figure 3,

the probability of thinking that it is very unlikely or definitely not possible to get AIDS or the AIDS virus through

casual contact with someone who has AIDS increases with

education. Even among adults with more than 12 years of

education, though, the level of accurate information about

the risk of AIDS virus transmission is low. For instance, less

than half (47 percent) of adults with more than 12 years of

schooling realized that it is very unlikely or impossible to

get AIDS from public toilets, and only 16 percent thought

that it is very unlikely or impossible to get AIDS from

kissing with exchange of saliva a person who has AIDS.

Among persons with less education, the comparable proportions are even smaller.
4 zdvancdata

~Les8 than m 12 ymrrr = Mm. than

12 years 12 years

Uvlng near a hospital or home for AIDS patients

07

Shaking hands with or touching somtrone who has AIDS

78

Attending school with a child who has AIDS

Working near someone with AIDS

Donating or giving blood

60

Using public toilets

Kissing—with exchange of sallva—a person who

has AIDS

Receiving a blood transfusion

2s

1 1 I 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

SOURCE Nalional Cantor for Hoallh Statistics, Division of HBalthhtwviow Statistics, Na!ionatHealth htorvlow Surwy.

Figuro 3. Provlslonal ●otimatss of pwcont of persona 18 yaara of ago ●nd ovor who think It Is vmy untlkoly or dafinltoly not posalblo to get

AIDS or tho AIDS virus Infection from varloua conjocturad modo8 of transmission, by ●ducatlom Unitsd States, Octobor 19S7

In preparing figure 3, the categories “very unlikely”

and “definitely not possible” were grouped for purposes of

consistent presentation. Both responses are not necessarily

correct for all items shown in figure 3. For some items,

many AIDS researchers would argue that the only correct

answer is “definitely not possible.” As is evident in table 1,

the proportions of adults who thought it definitely not

possible to transmit AIDS via casual contact also increase

with education.

Blood test~or the AIDS virus-Fifty percent of all adults

with less than 12 years of school completed have heard of a

blood test for the AIDS virus. For persons with more

education, the proportion is higher: 72 percent for individuals with 12 years of school completed and 77 percent for

those with more than 12 years. The proportion of adults

who realized that a positive blood test means that a person

can spread the AIDS virus through sexual intercourse is 44

percent for persons with less than 12 years of education and

63 and 67 percent, respectively, for those with 12 and more

than 12 years.

Regardless of education, few people have had an MDS

blood test: 4 percent of those with less than 12 years of

school completed, 6 percent of those with 12 years, and 7

percent of those with more than 12 years of school completed. The proportion of adults who have thought about

having the AIDS blood test increases with education, from

8 percent to 14 percent.

Risk of getting AIDS -Aduhs who have completed less

than 12 years of school are less likely than their more

well-educated peers to acknowledge the possibility that they

or someone they know might get the AIDS virus. The

proportion of adults who stated that there is no chance that

someone they know will get the AIDS virus decreases from

36 percent of individuals with less than 12 years of education to 26 percent of those with more than 12 years, and the

proportion stating that there is no chance of getting the

AIDS virus themselves decreases from 70 percent (less

than 12 years) to 62 percent (more than 12 years).

AIDS prevention —Adults who have completed 12 years

of school were more likely than either those with more or

less education to state that the following methods are very

effective in preventing transmission of the AIDS virus:

using a condom (considered very effeetive by 34 percent of

persons with 12 years of school completed), being celibate

(93 percent), and maintaining a monogamous relationship

with a person who does not have the AIDS virus (86

percent). For adults with less than 12 years of school

completed, the respective proportions considering these

methods very effective are 24, 84, and 77 percent; for those

with more than 12 years of educatioh, the proportions are

29, 89, and 84 percent.

AIDS discussion and educafion —The likelihood of having discussed AIDS with friends, relatives, or children

increases with education. Less than half (49 percent) of all

individuals with less than 12 years of school reported having

discussed AIDS with a friend or relative, compared to

two-thirds (66 percent) of those with 12 years of school and

nearly three-fourths (72 percent) of those with more than

12 years of school. Similarly, the proportion of aclults who

have discussed AIDS with their children 10-17 years old

increases from 50 percent of those with less than 12 years of

education to 66 percent of those with more than 12 years.
advancedata 5

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987

[Data are based on household intetwewa of the ciwli.an nonlnstiiutlcmatlzed PopUISt!On.The survey design, general qusfifiitkms, and informafiin on the reliability of

the estimates are given m technicat notesl

Age sex Rata Education

16-29 3+49 m years Les than More then

AIDS knowledge or afh?ude Total years yeers and over Male Feme/e White Black 12 years 12years 12 vears

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...100

1.

2.

3a

31X

30.

3d.

3s.

3f.

4a

4b.

Have you ever he8fd of AIDS? When was the last time you saw,

heard, or read something about AIDS?

0-3days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-7days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-14days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-31 days ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Morethan 31 clays ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard of AIDS, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compared to most people. how much wouldyou say you know

about AIDS?

A lit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Some . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uttte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nolrtlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDStsadfsease caueedbyavfms.

Deflnifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS oars cripple the bcdy’s natural prolaoflon against disease.

Deflnitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfafea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnilelyfakxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSlseapecially commoninolder people.

Definitelylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfals% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The AIDS virus can damage the brain.

Deflnrtelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’timow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS usually leads to heart disease.

Definifelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablylrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pmbablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnlfelyfalx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSleadstodeath.

Defintfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ProbeblyfaJsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oeflnlfelyfalsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’lknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where do you geI most of your information about AIDS?Z

Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RelalPJesandfriends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BrochuresiYliars/pamphlets... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO;clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Of the sources you just told me, from which one do you get the

moat information?

Telavtsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brochures/fliers/pamphlets.,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO/cllnlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75

74

3

3

2

0

2

21

42

27

9

0

48

26

3

4

18

72

17

1

1

9

0

A

70

9

24

31

9

6

30

7

21

18

14

40

91

7

0

0

1

62

61

29

10

;

5

15

1

56

21

9

1

2

10

1

66

18

5

6

2

0

1

22

49

25

4

56

26

3

4

9

78

13

1

;

o

2

24

67

7

24

31

12

7

26

7

20

22

E

91

8

0

0

1

62

53

30

8

12

7

5

17

0

59

16

10

2

2

11

0

100

76

15

4

2

2

0

1

27

46

23

4

0

55

27

3

4

12

78

15

1

1

4

0

1

17

76

6

27

29

11

7

26

6

21

21

:

93

7

0

0

‘1

81

64

32

11

9

6

6

20

0

51

21

11

2

2

12

1

79

11

2

2

1

1

5

$

34

20

0

34

24

4

6

32

61

21

0

2

16

1

2

19

66

13

21

34

.4

3

37

6

22

11

:

w

7

0

0

2

64

64

26

9

5

4

4

9

1

68

25

7

1

1

6

2

100

79

12

2

3

1

0

2

22

41

27

10

53

25

3

3

16

73

17

1

2

6

0

2

67

10

25

32

9

5

2e

7

19

20

;

69

9

0

0

2

81

66

26

11

6

;

13

1

65

24

9

2

1

9

1

lfx)

71

16

4

3

2

0

2

21

44

27

9

0

44

27

4

5

20

71

17

1

1

10

0

1

17

73

6

24

31

9

6

31

7

22

16

13

42

93

6

0

0

1

83

56

32

6

6

7

5

18

0

66

19

10

1

2

11

1

100

76

15

3

3

1

0

2

22

43

26

6

0

49

26

3

4

17

75

16

0

1

8

0

1

20

71

7

23

31

10

6

30

6

m

19

14

40

91

7

:

1

82

63

31

10

8

6

5

15

0

55

22

9

1

1

10

1

too

71

13

3

5

4

1

3

13

37

33

16

0

46

22

4

6

22

57

23

;

17

1

3

15

67

15

31

31

6

3

29

12

26

9

71

43

w

9

2

86

51

22

9

9

9

6

16

0

66

14

7

2

2

9

0

m

15

2

4

2

2

7

9

26

m

26

0

34

21

4

6

36

47

26

1

1

24

1

3

17

59

21

21

22

4

3

40

6

Z3

9

7

53

86

8

1

3

66

49

18

10

8

4

4

9

2

71

15

4

1

1

6

2

lCCI

75

14

:

1

0

2

16

45

31

7

47

27

4

5

17

77

16

1

1

8

1

1

%!

7

23

32

6

3;

7

21

16

14

43

93

6

0

0

1

63

61

28

8

9

6

4

11

0

59

23

8

1

1

8

1

79

14

3

3

1

1

33

48

17

2

56

27

3

3

10

87

10

0

:

0

1

21

74

4

28

m

12

8

23

6

20

24

18

31

91

8

0

0

0

78

66

37

11

8

9

7

24

0

45

23

14

2

2

14

1

* foardes at emjof table.
6 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected Al DS knowledge, and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987—Con.

[Data are based on household interwews of the ctvihan noninstffut!onallzed Populallon. The survey design, 9enerSt WIafiitiOnS, and Information on lhe reliabllfly of

the estimates are gwen in techmcel notes]

Age sax Race Eslucation

18-29 30-49 50 yams Las th~ More than

AIDS knowledge or atfitude Total years years and over Male Female White Black 12 ytwws 12 years 12 years

5a

5b.

6a.

6b.

6c.

ad.

ea.

6f.

7.

7a

?b.

I! you wanted more specifta Informahon about AIDS, where

would you get R?z

Doctor/HMO/cllnlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDS hot line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wlmch one source would you most likely use?

Doctor/HMO/clink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publwhealth department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDShot line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apersoncanbe lnfectad withtheAfDS virusandno!have the

d!seese AIDS.

Defmflelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defnfelyfalse.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

You can tell tf people have the AIDS vims just by looking at

them.

Defintfelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defntelyfalse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anypemonwlth theAIDSviiuscan peesitontoeomeone else

during sexual Intercourse.

Defumfelytru e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definttelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A pregnant woman who has the AIDS virus can give AIDS 10

her baby.

Defmitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defintelyfelse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don? know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There Lsa vaccine available to the public that protects a pemon

from gefflng the AIDS vhus.

Deflnltelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probeblytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There B no cure for AIDS at present.

Deflnitelytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablytrue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probablyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmitelyfalse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How hkely do you think ~ is that a person will gef “he AIDS virus

from—

ReceMngabiood transfusion?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Very unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donafmgorgivtng blood?

57

16

11

8

28

12

46

13

8

6

15

12

54

26

3

4

13

1

4

15

71

9

79

16

1

1

4

73

19

0

0

7

;

10

71

15

66

8

1

2

4

34

31

13

16

1

4

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Somewhal likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Defmilelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Don’[ know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

%efcdrmesat erdoftable.

56

17

14

10

32

9

42

13

11

7

18

9

56

25

4

6

8

1

5

16

73

4

81

15

1

0

3

77

19

5

2

3

12

73

10

85

8

1

2

3

34

31

16

15

1

3

8

15

12

39

22

4

56

21

13

10

31

9

46

15

6

7

15

9

62

24

3

3

8

1

3

14

77

5

60

15

1

1

3

75

19

1

0

5

2

3

7

78

11

66

6

1

2

2

31

31

16

18

2

2

6

13

13

36

28

3

57

17

6

5

20

18

60

12

5

4

11

18

44

30

2

2

22

1

3

16

63

16

75

16

1

0

7

69

20

0

0

10

1

3

10

61

25

84

9

1

1

6

37

32

8

14

1

8

10

14

12

30

24

11

Percent dlstrlbutioni

54

19

11

7

29

12

44

15

7

5

16

13

52

29

4

4

12

2

4

17

69

9

75

18

2

1

5

69

!22

o

0

8

2

3

11

71

13

64

9

1

2

4

31

29

16

19

1

4

8

13

12

38

25

5

59

17

11

10

27

11

48

12

6

7

13

12

56

23

3

4

15

1

4

14

73

9

82

14

1

0

4

77

77

0

0

5

1

3

8

70

18

87

6

1

2

4

36

34

11

13

1

4

6

15

13

32

25

7

56

18

11

8

27

12

47

13

7

6

14

12

56

26

3

3

12

1

3

16

72

8

78

16

1

1

4

74

19

0

0

7

1

2

10

73

14

07

7

i

2

3

32

31

14

17

1

4

7

12

13

37

26

5

51

20

9

11

31

12

41

15

8

6

16

12

41

26

6

7

22

3

4

16

63

14

63

12

0

0

5

70

22

0

0

8

3

7

8

61

22

81

10

2

2

6

45

32

8

6

2

7

16

25

11

22

16

10

55

11

5

7

16

21

50

9

5

5

11

21

33

29

4

5

30

2

5

17

56

20

75

17

1

0

7

63

24

1

0

12

:

8

51

33

79

10

1

2

9

45

29

7

6

2

9

14

19

11

24

16

14

60

19

11

7

24

13

48

15

8

5

11

13

53

28

3

4

13

1

4

17

69

8

61

14

:

4

75

18

0

0

6

1

2

11

70

15

85

8

1

3

3

35

35

12

13

1

4

8

15

12

34

25

5

55

21

14

10

37

6

42

14

9

7

21

6

66

23

3

3

5

1

3

13

81

3

78

16

2

;

77

18

0

0

4

2

2

8

82

7

91

6

1

1

1

27

29

17

24

1

1

5

10

14

40

29

2
advancedata 7

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household lnten4ews of tfre civillan noninstffutionafizad population. The survey design, general quahflcalions, and information on the reliabllify of

the estimates are gtven In technical notes]

Age sax Race Eduoath?n

16-29 049 50 years Less than More than

AIDS knowledge or atfflude Total years yams end over M&Ye Fema{e WMte Black 12 pars 12 years 12 years

7C.

?Cf.

7e.

n.

?g.

7h.

71.

7].

71(.

71.

Living near a hosprIal or home for AIDS patlerrts?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhat unllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Definitely not possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Working near someone with AIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

f%mewhstu nhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Deflnitelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Don’tfmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Eating lnarestaurant wherethacmkhae AtDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

.%mawhatlikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Somawhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Deflnffelynotpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Don’tlmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Kissing-withexcfrange ofsahva-aperson wttohasAIDS?

Verylikeiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

.%mewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Somewhatunllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Deflnltelynotposalble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Shaking hands wkh or touching someone who has AIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Deflmfelynotposslble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Sharing plates, forks, or glasses wtih someone who has AIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Somewhatlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Somawhatunlilrely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Defimtelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Donllmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Using publlc Iollets?

Vefylikely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

somawhatllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Somewhatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Deflnfleiynotpossibl e........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Sharingneedlesfor dmgusewthsomeone whoftasAIDS?

Verylikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Defmfelynotposslble .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Kfsslng on me cheek a person who has AIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Somewhat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Somawttatunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Veryunlikely, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Definifelynot possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Don’fknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Beina couahed or sneezed on bv someone who has AIDS?

Oetylieiy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Somawtratlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Somewnatunltkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Deflnitelynotpossibie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

se0fOc4rWesat endoftable,

2

6

8

40

40

4

4

16

E

26

4

10

23

18

25

16

8

27

38

13

11

4

6

3

a

14

39

33

2

13

30

16

21

13

6

8

19

15

30

20

8

94

3

0

0

0

1

3

11

18

33

30

5

9

24

E

16

7

1

3

11

35

48

5

3

13

z

28

7

9

24

14

29

14

10

30

39

9

12

3

8

2

8

15

40

30

5

12

33

14

23

10

6

7

19

15

33

18

8

95

4

0

0

1

3

10

18

37

27

5

9

29

18

26

11

8

1

3

9

35

41

10

3

15

15

31

24

13

10

25

$

11

16

32

36

10

7

2

12

3

8

16

37

25

11

14

31

14

18

9

14

4

13

24

17

17

89

6

0

0

0

4

3

11

:

21

13

10

32

14

18

6

17

PercentdisVibu!ion4

:

10

36

40

6

3

13

16

33

26

8

9

25

E

12

11

26

39

10

12

3

9

2

7

17

41

27

6

12

32

14

24

10

8

6

20

14

32

18

10

92

5

1

0

2

3

12

19

37

23

7

9

28

17

25

11

10

1

4

9

35

44

7

4

15

15

32

26

8

10

22

16

25

15

12

31

37

11

9

3

9

2

8

14

37

31

7

14

31

16

16

11

11

9

20

14

26

18

12

93

4

0

0

0

2

3

10

17

33

28

8

10

29

17

21

12

11

1

3

9

37

44

5

3

13

16

34

27

e

8

23

16

27

14

12

29

38

11

11

3

8

2

7

15

41

29

6

12

31

16

22

11

9

7

19

15

31

19

10

93

4

0

0

0

2

2

10

17

37

26

7

9

28

18

24

12

10

3

8

:

31

12

2

:

20

12

17

26

12

19

12

13

36

40

3

7

3

10

3

:

32

23

10

19

33

10

15

9

13

13

25

13

19

12

16

w

6

0

1

3

7

17

22

23

22

9

14

35

13

14

11

14

2

5

10

33

34

16

4

16

;

21

19

11

27

12

19

12

19

32

36

7

8

3

15

3

9

18

29

25

16

16

32

11

15

9

17

11

28

10

16

13

21

66

8

0

1

0

5

4

15

17

24

23

17

13

35

11

14

7

19

1

4

11

36

41

6

4

16

17

29

26

8

12

24

E

14

13

32

36

10

9

3

8

3

9

17

38

28

6

14

33

14

18

11

10

4

14

28

16

11

93

4

0

0

0

2

3

13

19

33

24

8

10

30

17

20

12

11

1

3

8

39

48

2

3

12

15

39

29

3

6

21

E

14

7

26

39

14

?3

3

6

1

8

13

46

32

2

10

29

18

27

11

6

9

16

2

17

12

92

4

0

1

3

3

12

18

31

28

7

13

25

19

16

14

?2
a advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interwaws of the CWSI’I nonlnsttkmcmallzed Populatbn. The survey deSIgn, general qualii!catbns, and Informat!an on the reliability of

the estlmatas are gtven In technical notes]

Age sex Race Educatnn

18-29 30-49 50 years Less then More than

AIDS knowledge or atfltude Total years years and over Male Female Wlrfle Black 12 years 12 years 12 years

7m,

7n.

70.

7p.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12a

12b

Attending school wtth a child who has AIDS?

Very lilrety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewnat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%mewtmfu nlikety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Definitely not possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mosquitoes or olher lnSSCfS?

Veryllkety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewnat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewhat unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VeryUnllkOly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflnifelynot poselble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pets or animals?

Veryhkeiy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somewfmtllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewhe!unlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Defmttely not possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’ttmow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawngss?xw’tlha personwhohasAIDS?

Veryllkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Somewnat likely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

somawtmfu nlikely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Veryunhkely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deflntteiynolpossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlkn-cw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever heard of a blood test for infection wfih the

AIDS vlms?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doeeth!stast tellwhelher aperson haethedsease AIDS?

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest(no/donlknowtoq. 8) . . . . . . . . . . .

tf a person has a postfive blood test for infectkm with Ihe AtDS

virus, does thre mean that lhay can gtve someone else the AIDS

ViNSlhmUghSOXUal irSt0rCOUiW3?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never heard oftest(no/don’t knowloq.8) . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever had your blcmd tested for Inteclton with the AIDS

virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yas, lnbiood donatiinfimnsfusWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neverheardoftest(no/donlknowto q.8).. . . . . . . . .

Have you ever lhought about havtng thk blood tOSt?

Alreadyhadtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Donlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Never he6rdof tesf(no/don’f knowtoq.6) . . . . . . . . . . .

Do vou Dlsn to be tested m the next 12 months?

2

9

14

37

28

9

8

26

10

21

14

21

3

10

8

30

27

23

93

5

0

0

0

1

73

24

3

39

23

10

27

64

3

6

27

6

3

63

2

27

8

11

53

27

‘Alr&adyhadte3t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Yes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Don’f know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Never heard of test or thought about having test (no/donl

knowtoq. 8orq. 12a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

%efoolnotesal etioftable.

2

10

14

39

31

4

9

27

13

21

14

16

3

11

11

32

27

17

e4

5

0

0

1

81

18

2

45

25

10

19

72

4

5

19

8

3

67

2

19

12

16

53

20

12

6

7

3

73

2

9

16

38

28

7

8

25

10

22

16

19

2

9

8

32

27

22

94

5

0

1

87

18

2

41

29

10

19

71

4

5

19

6

3

69

2

19

10

13

56

20

10

5

6

2

77’

2

10

13

33

25

17

6

25

7

19

x

2

8

6

26

25

30

91

6

0

0

0

3

66

36

6

32

16

10

42

4s

2

6

42

3

1

52

2

42

4

4

49

42

4

1

2

1

92

Percent distribuflcn’

2

10

15

41

25

8

8

26

11

22

14

19

3

9

9

33

25

21

91

7

0

0

0

2

74

23

3

36

27

9

26

65

4

5

26

7

3

63

2

10

10

53

26

11

3

5

2

79

2

9

14

33

31

10

8

25

9

m

15

23

2

10

6

27

28

25

95

4

0

0

0

1

72

25

3

41

20

11

26

62

3

6

26

4

2

63

2

28

7

11

54

29

7

4

5

2

82

2

9

14

36

29

9

7

26

10

22

15

21

2

8

8

31

27

23

93

5

0

0

0

1

75

22

3

40

25

10

25

66

4

6

25

5

3

65

2

25

8

10

66

25

6

3

5

2

82

2

10

19

33

23

13

15

25

7

?6

12

25

6

16

8

22

20

26

92

6

0

2

56

40

1

37

11

10

42

51

2

6

42

9

1

48

1

42

10

15

23

42

10

9

4

2

76

2

10

16

2e

23

20

11

32

6

13

8

28

5

12

8

22

19

34

91

5

0

1

3

50

45

4

31

8

11

50

44

2

4

60

4

1

43

2

60

5

8

36

50

5

3

2

2

66

2

11

14

35

28

10

10

25

11

19

14

21

2

11

8

29

26

23

95

4

0

0

1

72

24

4

43

18

11

26

63

3

6

28

6

1

63

2

26

7

10

54

28

7

4

4

2

63

2

11

17

30

32

7

10

31

11

15

14

20

2

11

13

24

26

24

W

6

0

3

77

18

4

43

25

9

23

67

5

6

23

7

5

64

1

23

12

14

51

23

12

4

7

3

74
advancedata 9

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected AIDS knowiedge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987-Con.

[Data are based on household Interviews of the civilian noninstlIuttonalizad populatbn. The survey design, general qualtfkatbr!$. and inforrnatbn on the rel!abmy of

the estimates are gtven in tectmket notes]

Age sax Race Education

la29 3M9 50 YWS

AIDS knowledge or athtude

Less fhan More than

Tote/ ysars yeas end over Male Female WtWe Black 72 ymrs 72 years 12 years

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

19s.

Where would you go to have a blood teat for the AIDS virus

tnfaotbn?3

Nowheremouldnl taketest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIOSclinlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other cllnk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rad Cross/blood bails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Where would you go to find out whereto have thts blc.cd

test?2’4

AIDS hot Dine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AIDSclinio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Othercllnic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor/HMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publ!c health department

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nowheremouldnltaketest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you donated blood since 1965?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DOnlknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Have you ever personally known anyone who had the blood

lest for the AIDS vims Infactbn?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are the chances of someone you know getting the AIDS

vims?

High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Madlum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

What are your chances of getthg lhe AIDS virus?

High

Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Herearemethods aomepaopleusato preventgettlngthe AIDS

vkusthroughsexual actlv~. Howetfactiva ts—

Using a dtaphragm?

o

3

26

46

3

16

7

2

16

37

12

12

5

18

12

87

0

14

66

1

9

15

:

0

11

1

3

30

62

0

4

Ve~effacttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

somewhateffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

NotetatletfectNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Don’tknowhoweffaotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

19b. Using a condom?

Veryetfactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Somewhateffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Notatalleffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Donlknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Don’tknowmethcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

190. Usingaspermk!dal jelly, foarn,orcream?

Veryeffadve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

SomewhatelfectMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatalleftacttie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #

Don’tknowhoweffWtNe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

19d. Being celibate, tllatis,nothaving aexstall?

Veryeffectlve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Somewhateffactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Notafalleffecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Don’tknowhoweffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~

Don’tknowmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

%0 frXXmh?sat endof table.

3

28

46

2

15

6

43

36

10

14

7

16

82

18

81

1

13

21

40

21

0

5

1

5

37

54

;

2

14

61

18

5

41

49

4

5

1

2

15

61

17

5

94

4

1

2

0

3

25

47

3

16

6

5

31

18

16

5

24

15

64

0

19

81

1

11

18

41

22

9

1

:

56

3

2

11

65

17

4

34

54

5

6

1

2

2

16

4

94

3

1

1

1

1

3

E

3

19

11

56

44

5

95

0

6

93

1

5

8

33

37

0

18

1

i

19

73

6

1

13

2

10

26

50

5

15

5

1

13

:

10

66

4

1

5

3

Percantdlstrtbutbnl

4

24

41

2

20

9

2U

22

12

11

6

27

16

84

0

13

66

1

9

17

47

23

0

10

1

2

60

0

4

2

12

%

6

35

51

4

6

2

2

14

z

8

91

3

1

3

2

0

3

26

50

3

13

5

8

6

70

12

15

9

91

0

15

64

1

9

14

35

29

0

12

1

2

28

64

4

2

!3

59

21

5

31

51

6

10

2

1

:

20

5

93

4

0

2

1

0

3

24

47

3

15

8

3

18

32

12

13

6

20

13

87

0

15

64

1

9

15

40

25

0

10

1

3:

62

0

3

2

12

61

21

5

33

52

5

8

2

1

2

21

6

93

3

1

2

1

3

37

36

21

3

100

25

9

91

0

9

89

2

10

15

24

32

19

0

3

25

65

7

5

16

41

26

12

33

46

6

11

4

3

16

46

27

8

S0

4

1

3

2

2

22

46

2

18

9

43

7

12

12

32

4

96

7

91

2

7

E

36

22

1

2

18

70

9

2

14

40

30

14

24

46

6

18

7

2

:

31

14

64

4

1

6

5

4

30

43

3

13

8

31

38

19

11

12

66

0

10

89

1

8

16

36

28

0

10

1

2

63

4

2

12

57

23

6

34

50

6

9

1

2

14

56

22

6

93

4

1

2

1

3

29

43

19

6

21

24

099

55

14

66

17

63

1

9

18

35

26

0

11

4

30

62

0

4

3

10

59

19

9

29

53

7

6

3

2

:

18

9

69

3

0

6

2
10 advancedata

Table 1. Provisional estimates of the percent of persons 18 years of age and over with selected Al DS knowledge and attitudes from the

1987 National Health Interview Survey, by selected charaoterlatics: United States, October 1987-Con.

[Dala are based on household Interviews of the ctvil!an nonkrsittullonallzed pOpLIlafIOn.The survey design, general qualiflcallor% and Information on the reliability of

the OStlmaleS are given in k3ChnlCSlnOteS]

Age sax Race Educatbn

1s-29 30-49 60 years Lass then More than

AIDS knowledge or atfitude Tok+l years years end over Male Female Whife BIack 12 yews 12 years 112years

lee

20.

21.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29

Two people who do not have the AIDS virus hating a

completely monogamous relationship, that is, having sex

only with each other?

Veryeffective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Somewhat effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Nolatall effective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Don’tknow howeftecttve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Don’tknow method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Have you ever discussed AIDS wth a friend or relathm?

yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =

Donl know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

When was Ihe last IIme you dtscussed AIDS with a friend or

relatrve?

O-3 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4-7dayeago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6-14daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

15-31 daysago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Morethan31 dayeago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Neverdiscuseed(no/dorr’tknowtoq. 20)... . . . . . . . . . 35

Dorr’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Have you ever discussed AIDS wkh [any of your children age

10-17]?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Haveyourchildren hadanyinstructiin atschool abOutAlDS?5

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Have you ever personally known anyone wRh the AIDS virus?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Have you ever personally known anyone with AIDS?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Don’tknow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

TheU.S. PubllcHealtlI .%rvicehessskfthal AIDSlsoneofthe

majorhealth problems inthecount~buf exectiyhowmany

people if affects is not known. The Surgeon General has

proposed that a study be oonduded and blood samples be

taken 10 help fo’tdout how widespread the problem Ls.ff you

wereselecledin thtsnationaleemple ofpeopletohskve their

blood tested with assurances of privacy of test resulls, would

you have the test?

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’l know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Would vou want to know the results of the blood test?s

Ye; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

No . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

66

6

1

2

0

75

24

1

17

19

9

16

10

26

2

31

69

23

41

36

7

92

1

7

e2

1

72

19

2

7

96

2

0

69

6

1

1

1

75

25

0

16

21

10

14

8

26

2

65

35

0

46

21

33

10

69

2

10

es

1

75

18

2

5

97

2

1

62

8

1

6

3

51

48

1

13

14

5

6

5

51

4

57

43

47

26

27

5

94

1

5

e4

1

63

24

3

10

97

1

1

Percentdistributionl

87

8

1

3

2

63

37

1

13

19

7

13

6

36

3

60

50

1

42

20

36

8

91

2

8

91

1

72

19

2

6

97

2

1

66

8

1

3

2

70

28

0

19

17

9

13

9

31

3

74

26

48

23

28

7

92

1

7

92

1

66

22

2

8

96

2

1

66

7

1

3

1

67

32

0

15

19

8

13

8

34

3

64

36

0

46

22

32

8

91

1

8

91

1

71

20

3

7

97

2

1

79

13

1

4

3

65

35

0

22

14

7

11

7

36

3

60

40

44

19

37

6

92

2

6

92

2

69

21

1

9

97

2

0

77

9

1

7

6

49

50

1

13

14

6

7

4

53

3

50

60

43

20

36

2

2

4

94

2

62

25

2

11

97

2

2

66

9

1

3

1

66

34

0

16

~8

8

13

7

35

3

62

36

41

23

36

4

95

1

5

95

1

70

20

2

7

98

2

0

64

6

1

5

3

72

27

1

13

79

10

13

11

31

4

66

34

50

18

31

7

91

2

6

93

1

70

m

2

8

96

2

2

1E%dudespeson9 forwtmmrorespofua bvesn?cordedcf whorefwscdtorespord. Forqu4Km21hrcugh 27,btalatsoexcludes pemomwhonever heardofAIDS.

2Mullplerespnses maysumtomore thnn100percent.

3- on ~mom enswenng yes to qu~i!~ 12a

4Sased on persons anaifenngdon’t krmw lo question 13.

5- on ~mm ~mwerlm y= to ~u~i~ 22, DO YCU how v ctildmn aged 1G17’? OUeStkIn ~ v.% HOW W do W ~ve?

%asedonpmsore answermgyesto questicn28.

NOTE:Total,age, Sex,andedud!on includepe~nsof oherandunktmm racucotsk$vn~pemte~ underrate.Educatica refefstoyeacsofschod completed.
advancedata 11

Technical notes

The National Health Interview Suwey (NHIS) is a

continuous, cross-sectional household interview survey.

Each week, a probability sample of the civilian noninstituTable L Sample size for the National Health Interview Survey of

AIDS Knowledge and Atitudes and estimated ●dult population

18 years of age and over, by selected characteristic=

United States, October 1987

.E3Mratad

Sample populatlorr

Charactedstk S&e In tlmusands

All adulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,350 174,528

Age

16-29 ysals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an 47,725

30-49 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,235 66,109

50yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,23s 60,695

sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365 S2.703

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,965 91,625

Race

while . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754 151,003

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 19,107

Education

Lassthan 12yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 41,503

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,292 66,475

Moratharr 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.276 62.3s3

tionalized population is interviewed by personnel of the

U.S. Bureau of the Census to obtain information on the

health and other characteristics of each member of the

household. Supplemental information is collected for all or

a sample of household members. The AIDS knowledge and

attitudes questions were asked of a single randomly chosen

adult 18 years of age or over in each household. The

estimates in this report are based on completed interviews

with 3s50 persons, or about 86 percent of eligible respondents.

Table I contains the estimated population size of each

of the demographic subgroups included in table 1 to ailow

readers to derive provisional estimates of the number of

people in the United States with a given characteristic, for

example, the number of men who have heard of AIDS. The

population figures in table I are based on first-quarter 1987

data from the NHIS; they are not official population estimates. Table II shows approximate standard errors of

estimates presented in table 1. Both the estimates in table 1

and the standard errors in table II are provisional. They

may differ slightly from estimates made using the final data

file because they were calculated using a simplified weighting procedure that does not adjust for all the factors used in

weighting the final data file. The final data file covering the

entire 5-month period of data collection, August through

December 1987, w.11be available in 1988.

Table IL Standard errors, expressed in percentage points, of estimated percents from the National Health Interview Survey of AiDS

Knowledge ●nd Attitudes, by selected characteristics: United States, October 1987

AGW sex Reca Educatkw

16-29 30-49 50 yeers Less than More than

EsWrrated pwcwrt Total wus ywers errd ever Male Femaia 14We Blac& 12 J.aers 12 jeers 72 YBSK4

5or95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.9 0.8

10or SQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.2 1.0

150r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.5 1.2

200r SO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 1.4

250r75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.8 1.5

300r70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.9 1.6

350r65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 20 1.7

400r60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.7

450r55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.0 1.7

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 2.1 1.7

0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2

1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.7

1.2 1.2 3.0 0.8 20

1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 22

1.s 1.4 1.2 1.0 2.4

1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 2,5

1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.6

1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 27

1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 26

1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 2.8

1.0

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

21

22

2.2

23

23

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

‘U.S. GcvsrnmentPrintingOfllcs: 199S— 3SS—9S2&X04

Symbols

Quantity zero

o Quantity more than zero but less than 0.5
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.

SERIES 2.

SERIES 3.

SERIES 4.

SERIES 5.

SERIES 6.

SERIES 10.

SERIES 11.

SERIES 12.

SERIES 13.

Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics.They include descriptionsof the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessa~ for understanding the data.

Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributionsto statisticaltheory.These studies also

include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

Analytical and Epidemiological Studies—These reports

present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

health statistics.These reports carry the analyses further than

the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

International Vital and Health Statistics Reports-These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National Laboratory for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

Data From the National Health Interview Survey-These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuries;

disabiiii use of hospital, medical, and other health services;

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview survey.

Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributionsof the population with respect to

physical, physiological,and psychologicalcharacteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

Data From the National Health Care Survey-These

reports contain statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14.

SERIES 15.

SERIES 16.

SERIES 20.

SERIES 21.

SERIES 22.

SERIES 23.

SERIES 24.

Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Repotis on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

Data From Special Surveys—These reports contain

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics-Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

health and demographic surveys. They are compiled in the

order in which they are pubkhed. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10-13.

Data on Mortality-These reports contain” statistics on

mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce-These reports

contain statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

Data From the National Mortality and Natality SurveyaDiscontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—

These reperk contain statistics on factors that affect birth

rates, including contraception, infertility, cohabitation,

marriage, dworce, and remarriag~ adoption; use of medical

care for family planning and infertili~ and related maternal

and infant health topics. These statistics are based on

national surveys of childbearing age.

Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage,

Divorce, and Induced Terminations of Pregnancy—

These include advance reports of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System that were published as supplements to the

MonLfrIyV%dStatisticsReport (MVSR). These reports provide

highlights and summaries of detailed data subsequently

published in Vita/ Statistics of the United States. Other

supplements to the MVSR published here provide selected

findings based on final data from the National Vital Statistics

System and may be followed by detailed reports in Series 20

or 21.

For answers to questions about this report or for a list of reports published

in these series, contact

Data Dissemination Branch

National Center for Health Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Public Health Service

6525 Be[crest Road, Room 1064

Hyattsville, MD 20782

(301) 436-6500

E-mail: nchsquery@nchl Oa.em.cdc.gov

Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/nchshome.htm
DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

6525 Belcrest Road

Hyattwlle, Maryland 20782

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5-1110 (4/95)