J-A11043-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

ZACHARY ALLEN SMITH 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 993 WDA 2022

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 17, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County Criminal Division at 

No(s): CP-62-CR-0000300-2021

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., STABILE, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED: May 15, 2023

Zachary Allen Smith (Smith) appeals from the judgment of sentence 

imposed in the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County (trial court) following 

his jury conviction of criminal conspiracy (contraband), two counts of 

possession with intent to deliver (PWID), and criminal use of a communication 

facility.1 On appeal, Smith challenges the sufficiency and weight of the 

evidence supporting his conviction. We affirm.

I.

This case arises from Smith’s involvement in planning to obtain

Suboxone to distribute to fellow inmates at the Warren County Prison in June 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S. § 903(a)(1), 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), 18 Pa.C.S. § 7512.
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2021. Smith used the inmate messaging and recorded telephone calling 

system on several occasions to arrange for delivery of the drug with his 

cellmate Bruce Campbell (Campbell) and Campbell’s then-girlfriend, Amanda 

Brown (Brown).

At Smith’s May 24, 2022 jury trial, Warren County Prison Warden Jon 

Collins explained that the prison maintains a call log of inmate phone calls

stating the date, time, length of the call and the phone number of the person 

listed on the inmate’s call list. Phone calls are screened and recorded, as are 

emails sent through jail tablets. Warden Collins explained that inmates are 

permitted to have family or friends drop off new articles of clothing during the 

first 14 days of their incarceration. This clothing must be new, in the original 

packaging, white in color, and are commonly referred to as “Whites.” (See

N.T. Trial, 5/24/22, at 57).

Regarding medications in the prison, Warden Collins stated that 

although inmates are typically administered drugs they have already been 

prescribed upon assessment, certain medications are not allowed, including 

opioids and Suboxone. Warden Collins recounted that in June 2021, he

received reliable information from an inmate that drugs were being smuggled 

in through Whites and he began investigating Smith and Campbell by 

monitoring their phone calls, text messages and emails. Warden Collins 

testified that on June 21, 2021, a female brought in Whites for Campbell and 

Officer Sarah Eckman refused to accept them because Campbell had exceeded 
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his 14-day allowance for Whites. The female left the facility but returned a 

short time later and indicated that the Whites were for a different inmate,

David Smiley. Warden Collins and Officer Eckman searched the items while 

wearing a bodycam and found Suboxone sewn into the underwear.

Brown testified that she first brought Suboxone into the jail for Campbell

on or around June 5, 2021, by sewing it into underwear. She relayed that in 

a June 10, 2021 email, Campbell told her, “I got my whites . . . thank you so 

much babe, my bunky also needs whites . . . smittys name is zachary allen

smith, don’t worry about money for now because I have everything I need if 

you know what I mean.” (Id. at 69). Brown explained that in this email,

Campbell was referring to the shirts and underwear she had brought in 

containing Suboxone. In a subsequent email, Campbell asked Brown for 

“more today . . . because I got rid of my whites [for] 50.00 in food” and that

he “NEED 4 times WHAT U JUST GAVE ME,” which Brown interpreted to mean

that she was to put additional Suboxone in the Whites. (Id. at 71-72).

The jury listened to phone calls between Brown and Campbell recorded 

that same day, and Brown testified that Campbell’s reference to “Smitty” was 

to Smith, that they were talking “about me going and getting the Whites and

bringing in some more of the Suboxone” and “picking up a backpack at 

[Smith’s] dad’s house that had some Suboxone in it.” (Id. at 74). Campbell 

and Brown again spoke about the backpack in a phone conversation on June 

13, 2021.
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Brown testified that she and Smith then began to email each another 

directly and in a June 15, 2021 message, Smith indicated that he was “trying 

to get ahold of my dad right now” and was “looking for loyalty, especially 

because of the game I’m in, I need someone to be there by my side no matter 

what.” (Id. at 81). In a June 16, 2021 phone call, Campbell gave Brown the 

home address of Smith’s father and indicated that the drugs would be in the 

front part of the backpack. In a June 19, 2012 email exchange, Smith asked 

Brown if she went “up there” and she responded, “Yes I been wanting to talk 

to you I took the whole bag . . . there was 9 and two halves.” (Id. at 100-

01). Brown testified that although she told Smith that there were nine and 

two-halve pills, there were actually 15 pills in the backpack and she kept the 

rest. Smith thanked her and asked her when she was coming to the jail. 

Campbell told her to drop the items off for inmate Daniel Smiley.

On June 20, 2021, multiple communications between Brown, Campbell 

and Smith were exchanged expressing frustration that Brown could not find 

transportation to the jail to bring the Whites. Smith tried to arrange a ride for 

her and told her if Smiley “doesn’t come thru, we have someone that will[.]” 

(Id. at 109). On June 21, 2021, Brown and her sister, Julie Arnold, took the 

Whites labeled with Smiley’s name to the prison and Arnold brought them in 

because Smith was on probation. Officer Eckman initially refused acceptance 

of the Whites because Arnold used Campbell’s name, but she accepted them 

when Arnold brought them in for Smiley. Brown testified that she was 
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arrested in July for her role in the incident, and that everything she testified 

to at trial was truthful.

On cross-examination, Brown acknowledged that when she was 

arrested, she told authorities that Campbell had arranged for delivery of the 

Whites and she did not mention Smith’s name at all. The first time Brown 

advised authorities that Smith was involved in the incident was on March 2, 

2022, one day before Smith was originally scheduled for trial. On that date,

Brown was put in jail for a probation violation. The Commonwealth offered 

her a plea bargain to conspiracy for contraband and agreed to petition the 

court to nolle pross ten felony charges that had been brought against her.

Brown also testified that she initially lied to police about her participation in 

the incident because she was embarrassed and that she was telling the truth 

now. Brown acknowledged that in the recorded communications she had with 

Smith and Campbell, they did not expressly use the terms “Suboxone” or 

“pills.” (See id. at 116, 118).

The jury found Smith guilty of the above-stated charges and the trial 

court deferred sentencing for preparation of a pre-sentence investigation 

report. On June 17, 2022, the trial court sentenced Smith to an aggregate 

term of 72 to 144 months of incarceration. It denied Smith’s post-sentence 

motion disputing the sufficiency and weight of the evidence on August 5, 2022,

after a hearing. In doing so, the trial court found that while “some of the 

evidence was circumstantial [] there was certainly direct evidence and 
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compelling evidence that there was a conspiracy to bring the Suboxone into

the jail . . . so all of the four offenses were fully supported by the evidence 

presented by the Commonwealth.” (N.T. Hearing, 8/05/22, at 4). Smith 

timely appealed and he and the trial court complied with Rule 1925. See

Pa.R.A.P. 1925 (a)-(b).

II.

A.

Smith first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the 

criminal conspiracy, PWID and criminal use of a communication facility

offenses. (See Smith’s Brief, at 10-13).2 Smith contends the 

Commonwealth’s evidence failed show that there was an agreement between 

himself, Campbell and Brown to bring Suboxone into the prison, where Brown

merely testified to “some ambiguous language that she argued established an 

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2 Our standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is 

well-established:

In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we must 

determine whether the evidence admitted at trial, as well as all 

reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when viewed in the light 

most favorable to the verdict winner, are sufficient to support all 

elements of the offense. Additionally, we may not reweigh the 

evidence or substitute our own judgment for that of the fact 

finder. The evidence may be entirely circumstantial as long as it 

links the accused to the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.

Commonwealth v. Arias, 286 A.3d 341, 349 (Pa. Super. 2022) (citations 

omitted).
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agreement to deliver the pills.” (Id. at 10). Smith maintains that the 

testimony evidenced only that he intended for Brown to retrieve his backpack. 

(See id. at 13).

Under the Crimes Code, “[a] person is guilty of conspiracy with another 

person or persons to commit a crime if with the intent of promoting or 

facilitating its commission he: (1) agrees with such other person or persons 

that they or one or more of them will engage in conduct which constitutes 

such crime or an attempt or solicitation to commit such crime[.]” 18 Pa.C.S. 

§ 903(a)(1).

As to the sufficiency of evidence offered to prove conspiracy, this Court 

has determined:

Circumstantial evidence may provide proof of the 

conspiracy. The conduct of the parties and the circumstances 

surrounding such conduct may create a ‘web of evidence’ linking 

the accused to the alleged conspiracy beyond a reasonable doubt. 

Additionally:

An agreement can be inferred from a variety of 

circumstances including, but not limited to, the relation between 

the parties, knowledge of and participation in the crime, and the 

circumstances and conduct of the parties surrounding the criminal 

episode. These factors may coalesce to establish a conspiratorial 

agreement beyond a reasonable doubt where one factor alone 

might fail.

Commonwealth v. Irvin, 134 A.3d 67, 76 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citations 

omitted).

“To establish the offense of PWID, the Commonwealth must prove 

beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant possessed a controlled 
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substance with the intent to deliver it.” Commonwealth v. Greenlee, 212 

A.3d 1038, 1045 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation omitted); see also 35 P.S. 

§ 780-113(a)(30). Lastly, the Crimes Code defines the offense of criminal use 

of a communication facility as using “a communication facility to commit, 

cause or facilitate the commission or the attempt thereof of any crime which 

constitutes a felony under this title or under . . . the Controlled Substance, 

Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 7512(a). For a defendant to 

be found guilty of this offense, the Commonwealth must present evidence 

establishing that he used a communication facility to complete or attempt a

felony. See Commonwealth v. Steele, 234 A.3d 840, 847 (Pa. Super. 

2020).

In the instant case, the evidence reflects that Warden Collins began 

monitoring the communications of cellmates Smith and Campbell after he 

received reliable information that Suboxone was being brought into the prison 

using Whites dropped off for inmates. Brown testified to Smith’s role in

securing the Suboxone through his father, which she obtained in a backpack 

at Smith’s parents’ residence at the direction of the inmates. Brown, Campbell 

and Smith sent multiple email messages to one another discussing the 

logistics of the Suboxone delivery during the time period immediately 

preceding confiscation of the drug sewn into the Whites by prison officials. 

Although they did not use the specific word “Suboxone” in the 

communications, the jury could reasonably infer that they were referencing
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the drug when considering the context and the circumstances surrounding 

their conversations.

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth 

as verdict winner, see Arias, supra at 349, the evidence was sufficient to 

establish the existence of an agreement between Brown, Campbell and Smith

to distribute Suboxone in the jail. Accordingly, Smith’s sufficiency challenges

merit no relief.

B.

Smith next challenges the weight of the evidence supporting his 

conviction. (See Smith’s Brief, at 13-15). Smith contends the verdict is 

supported only by ambiguous recorded communications, and he characterizes

Brown’s testimony explaining them as “highly suspect” and unreliable. (Id.

at 15). Smith points to Brown’s initial denial of her role in the incident and 

her delay in reporting Smith’s involvement until she was incarcerated for a 

probation violation and offered a plea bargain to testify against him. Given 

these issues with Brown’s testimony, Smith posits that the defense’s version 

of events is “far more believable.” (Id.).

3

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3

A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict is against 

the weight of the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the 

trial court. A new trial should not be granted because of a mere 

conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same facts 

would have arrived at a different conclusion. Rather, the role of 

the trial judge is to determine that notwithstanding all the facts, 
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We observe that in considering and assigning weight to the evidence 

presented at trial, “it is well settled that the jury is free to believe all, part, or 

none of the evidence and to determine the credibility of the witnesses[.]” 

Commonwealth v. Houser, 18 A.3d 1128, 1136 (Pa. 2011), cert. denied, 

565 U.S. 1247 (2012) (citation omitted). Additionally, “a new trial based on 

a weight of the evidence claim is only warranted where the jury’s verdict is so 

contrary to the evidence that it shocks one’s sense of justice.” Id. (citation 

omitted).

Instantly, Smith’s argument on this issue is essentially a credibility 

assessment of Brown’s testimony, viewed from a perspective most favorable 

to himself. However, the jury was aware of the purported issues with Brown’s

testimony through defense counsel’s thorough cross-examination, and it was 

free to credit her version of events and reject the defense theory of the case. 

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certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them 

or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.

An appellate court’s standard of review when presented with a 

weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review 

applied by the trial court. Appellate review of a weight claim is a 

review of the exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question 

of whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.

To successfully challenge the weight of the evidence, a defendant 

must prove the evidence is so tenuous, vague and uncertain that 

the verdict shocks the conscience of the court.

Arias, supra at 352 (citations and quotation marks omitted).
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Further, Brown’s testimony was supported by recorded phone calls and emails 

evidencing Smith’s involvement in obtaining Suboxone from his father.

Although Smith asks us to accept his version of events, it was within the 

province of the jury to believe all, part or none of the evidence and to 

determine the credibility of Brown’s testimony in light of all of the evidence 

presented. See Houser, supra at 1136. Because the trial court did not 

abuse its discretion in finding that the verdict was not so contrary to the 

evidence as to shock its conscience, Smith’s challenge to the weight of the 

evidence fails.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 5/15/2023