U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2015–1035

Prepared for Commander, Navy Region Southwest

Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) 5-Year 

Summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 

Southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009–13
Cover: Cover photographs (from left to right; all taken at NOLF MAPS station by Melanie Madden): Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) 

taken April 5, 2012; Common Ground-Dove (Columbina passerina) taken August 1, 2013; and Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) 

taken July 26, 2012. 
Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) 

5-Year Summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, 

Imperial Beach, Southwestern San Diego County, 

California, 2009–13

By Suellen Lynn, Melanie Madden, Alex Houston, and Barbara E. Kus

Prepared for Commander, Navy Region Southwest

Open-File Report 2015-1035

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015

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Suggested citation:

Lynn, Suellen, Madden, Melanie, Houston, Alex, and Kus, B.E., 2015, Monitoring avian productivity and 

survivorship (MAPS) 5-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego 

County, California, 2009–13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1035, 58 p., 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151035. 

ISSN 2331-1258 (online)
iii

Contents

Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Methods...................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Site Description....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Bird Banding ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

Banding Schedule................................................................................................................................................... 8

Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Results...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Overview of Captures............................................................................................................................................ 10

Sensitive Species.................................................................................................................................................. 10

Capture Rates....................................................................................................................................................... 11

Species Richness.................................................................................................................................................. 11

Relative Species Abundance ................................................................................................................................ 11

Sex and Age Structure.......................................................................................................................................... 12

Population Size ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

Productivity and Population Size........................................................................................................................... 14

Survivorship and Population Size.......................................................................................................................... 14

Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................ 17

References Cited...................................................................................................................................................... 18

Appendix A. Alpha Codes, Common Names, and Scientific Names for Species Captured and Observed, 

Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, Southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009–13.................... 20

Appendix B. Tables and Additional Figures, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, Southwestern 

San Diego County, California, 2009–13.................................................................................................................... 24

Figures

Figure. 1. Location of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station, 

Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California. ....................... 5

Figure 2. Net locations at Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station, 

Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California ........................ 6

Figure 3. Adult population trends for four year-round resident bird species (Wrentit, Orange-crowned Warbler, 

Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow) and two migratory bird species (Least Bell’s Vireo and Yellow 

Breasted Chat) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, 

California, 2009–13.................................................................................................................................................. 13

Figure 4. Annual productivity of six bird species captured and precipitation measured for the associated 

bio-year (July 1–June 30) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, 

California, 2009–13.................................................................................................................................................. 15

Figure 5. Adult annual survivorship (estimated by Program MARK) for (a) four year-round resident bird species 

(Wrentit, Orange-crowned Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow) and (b) two migratory bird 

species (Least Bell’s Vireo and Yellow Breasted Chat) and precipitation measured for the associated bio-year

(July 1–June 30) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County,California, 

California, 2009–13.................................................................................................................................................. 16
iv

Table

Table 1. Global Positioning System locations of mist nets at Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship 

banding station (MAPS), Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, 

California. .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Conversion Factors

International System of Units to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

Length

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)

kilometer (km) 0.5400 mile, nautical (nmi) 

meter (m) 1.094 yard (yd) 

Area

hectare (ha) 2.471 acre

square hectometer (hm2) 2.471 acre

Datum

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). 

Supplemental Information

Note to USGS users: Use of hectare (ha) as an alternative name for square hectometer (hm2) is restricted to the measurement of small 

land or water areas. 

Abbreviations

AMEC AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc. 

DOD U.S. Department of Defense

DOD PIF Department of Defense Partners in Flight

IBP Institute for Bird Populations

MAPS Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship

NASNI Naval Air Station North Island

NOLF Naval Outlying Landing Field

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1 

Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship

(MAPS) 5-Year Summary, Naval Outlying Landing 

Field, Imperial Beach, Southwestern San Diego 

County, California, 2009–13

By Suellen Lynn, Melanie Madden, Alex Houston, and Barbara E. Kus

Executive Summary 

During 2009–13, a Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding 

station was operated at the Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, in 

southwestern San Diego County, California. The station was established as part of a long-term 

monitoring program of Neotropical migratory bird populations on NOLF and helps Naval Base 

Coronado (NOLF is a component) meet the goals and objectives of Department of Defense 

Partners in Flight program and the Birds and Migratory Birds Management Strategies of the

Naval Base Coronado Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. The station was operated 

by AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc., during the spring and summer of 2009–11. The U.S. 

Geological Survey operated the MAPS banding station in 2012 and 2013. 

During 2009–13, we had 3,221 captures (including initial captures and recaptures) of a 

maximum of 2,682 individual captures (644 ±155 captures per year). A count of individuals 

captured includes 2,464 newly banded birds and 218 birds were released unbanded (116 

hummingbirds and 102 other birds that were intentionally released unbanded [game birds, etc.] 

or escaped before banding). Fifty-seven species were captured, of which 44 are considered 

Neotropical migratory species and 33 are considered to breed at the MAPS banding station. Bird 

capture rate averaged 84 ±10 captures per 100 net-hours for all years (range 11–120 captures per 

100 net-hours) and species richness per year averaged 35 ±7. Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) was 

the most abundant species captured, followed by Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Common 

Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), and Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata). The 

average adult sex ratio across years was 55:45 male:female. Adults averaged 57.4 ±6.7 percent

of known age captures per year (range 49–64 percent) and juveniles averaged 42.6 ±6.7 percent 

(range 36–51 percent). 
2 

Twenty-two sensitive species were detected at NOLF (14 captured and 8 observed only). 

During 2009–13, we captured one State and federally endangered species, Least Bell’s Vireo

(Vireo bellii pusillus); one State endangered species, Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii); and 

two State species of concern, Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) and Yellow Warbler 

(Setophaga petechia). One additional State species of concern, Northern Harrier (Circus 

cyaneus), was observed at the MAPS banding station, but not captured. Peregrine Falcon (Falco 

peregrinus) and White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), State fully protected species, also were

observed at the MAPS banding station. Three Federal conservation concern species—Allen’s 

Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), Nuttall’s Woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), and Lawrence’s 

Goldfinch (Spinus lawrencei) —also were captured, and two additional Federal conservation 

concern species—Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) and Costa’s Hummingbird 

(Calypte costae)—were observed only. An additional 10 species detected at NOLF (7 captured 

and 3 observed only) are considered bird species of conservation concern, including one of the 

most abundant species at the MAPS banding station—Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata). Sixteen of 

the sensitive species are considered Neotropical migratory species (10 captured and 6 observed 

only) and 9 breed at NOLF (7 captured and 2 observed only). 

Local population trends varied among species and years. Overall, from 2009 to 2013, 

year-round residents Orange-crowned Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow 

increased, whereas year-round resident Wrentit decreased. Among migrants, the numbers of 

Least Bell’s Vireo were stable, whereas Yellow-breasted Chat decreased. 

Annual productivity (number of young per adult) was calculated for the six breeding 

species constituting 5 or more percent of the individual captures in 1 or more years (Bushtit, 

Song Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, Wrentit, and Yellow-breasted 

Chat). Productivity for most of these species were lowest in 2012, whereas the year of highest 

productivity varied, but mostly occurred in 2009 or 2010. Song Sparrow demonstrated the 

highest productivity among species, with about two juveniles per adult captured during 2009–13. 

Average productivity was lowest for Yellow-breasted Chat (0.4 juveniles per adult), largely a 

result of 2 years (2011 and 2012) without any juvenile captures. We did not find a significant

relationship between productivity and the observed population size in the subsequent year for 

any species, nor did we find an association between productivity and precipitation for the current 

bio-year. 

Six species were analyzed for survivorship—Common Yellowthroat, Least Bell’s Vireo, 

Orange-crowned Warbler, Song Sparrow, Wrentit, and Yellow-breasted Chat. Although 

survivorship varied across species and years, there was no obvious relationship between adult 

survivorship and observed population size for any species except Wrentit, for which the 

relationship was positive. We also did not find an association between adult survivorship and 

precipitation at the MAPS banding station. Additional years of data will be required to generate 

sample sizes adequate for more rigorous analyses of survivorship and productivity as predictors 

of population growth. 

Differences in population trends between year-round resident species and Neotropical 

migratory species may be attributed to the extra pressures incurred by migration and wintering in 

areas that likely are subject to stronger anthropogenic stresses than in the protected area 

surrounding NOLF.
3 

Introduction

Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) is an international monitoring 

program coordinated by the Institute for Bird Populations (IBP), which uses bird capture and 

banding data to compile basic demographic parameters of resident and migratory species, many 

of which are imperiled regionally and even globally. Age- and sex-specific data on annual 

survival, reproduction, and recruitment can be gathered and compared across stations to identify 

population trends for species of interest and can be used to identify proximate factors responsible 

for trends, particularly negative trends. In turn, information obtained from long-term monitoring 

of bird populations can be used to guide management activities intended to maintain or reestablish viable populations throughout the ranges of species. 

A MAPS banding station was established in 2009 at the Naval Outlying Landing Field

(NOLF), Imperial Beach, in southwestern San Diego County, California (Myers, 2011). The 

station was established as part of a long-term monitoring program of Neotropical migratory bird

populations on NOLF and helps Naval Base Coronado meet the goals and objectives of the 

Department of Defense Partners in Flight (DOD PIF) program and the Birds and Migratory Birds 

Management Strategies of the Naval Base Coronado Integrated Natural Resources Management 

Plan (U.S. Navy, 2014). This project also supports the Memorandum of Understanding between 

the DOD and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to promote the conservation of migratory 

birds by implementing an existing, nationwide bird monitoring program at NOLF. The station is

being operated in a manner consistent with other banding stations participating in an effort to 

monitor birds worldwide. The station was operated by AMEC Earth and Environmental, Inc. 

(AMEC) from 2009 to 2011, and by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2012 and 2013. 

This project was implemented for 5 years, the minimum number of consecutive years 

necessary to obtain productivity indices and survivorship estimates according to the MAPS 

program (DeSante and others, 2011). There are four objectives for this project: (1) to estimate

population sizes and trends of various Neotropical migratory bird species, (2) to estimate 

demographic and survivorship parameters for Neotropical migratory bird species, (3) to estimate 

annual productivity for these species, and (4) to augment existing distributional information for 

sensitive avian species. 

This project was funded by Commander Navy Region Southwest. 
4 

Methods

Site Description

NOLF encompasses about 509 ha in southwestern San Diego County, including 112 ha of 

roads and developed areas. NOLF is 16 km south of Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) 

and 2.4 km north of the United States-Mexico border. Navy lands extend into the Tijuana River 

National Estuarine Research Reserve, co-managed by USFWS, the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, and California State Parks (fig. 1). Parts of NOLF are managed 

cooperatively with the Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge under a memorandum of 

understanding between NASNI and the USFWS relating to the protection of natural resources. 

Vegetation at the station is a mix of riparian willow (Salix spp.) forest dominated by arroyo 

willow (Salix lasiolepis), red willow (Salix laevigata), black willow (Salix gooddingii), and mule

fat (Baccharis salicifolia), and riparian scrub dominated by mule fat and sandbar willow (Salix

exigua). 

Bird Banding

Bird banding at NOLF followed standardized MAPS protocol (DeSante and others, 

1993). Ten mist nets, placed a minimum of 65 m apart, were erected in fixed locations selected

for their potential to capture birds moving through vegetation (table 1, fig. 2). Mist nets were 

made of 30 mm mesh black nylon and were 12 m long by 2.6 m high with four trammels 

(“pockets”) running the length of the net. Nets were suspended from vertical aluminum poles 

anchored by permanent rebar stakes and covered a vertical area ranging from about 0.25 to 2.5 m 

above–ground. Nets were opened within 30 minutes of dawn and remained open for 6 hours, 

typically until between 1200 and 1300 PDT. Nets were not operated during inclement weather 

such as strong wind, rain, extreme heat, or cold.
5 

Figure. 1. Location of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station, Naval 

Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California. 
6 

Figure 2. Net locations at Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station, Naval 

Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California. 
7 

Table 1. Global Positioning System locations of mist nets at Monitoring Avian Productivity and 

Survivorship banding station (MAPS), Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, southwestern 

San Diego County, California. 

[Coordinates are in World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 84)] 

Net number

(see fig. 2) Longitude Latitude

1 -117.10307 32.55817

2 -117.10341 32.55808

3 -117.10425 32.55813

4 -117.10594 32.55818

5 -117.10689 32.55857

6 -117.10833 32.55804

7 -117.10831 32.55862

8 -117.10837 32.55948

9 -117.10489 32.55864

10 -117.10386 32.55895

Nets were checked every 30–40 minutes by operators working circuits. Hummingbirds,

game birds, and other non-passerines were not banded (AMEC banded raptors from 2009 to 

2011) but were identified by species, age, and sex when possible and released at the capture site.

Birds were removed from nets, held in cloth bags labeled with the net number, and taken to a 

central processing location where they were banded with numbered Federal aluminum bands. 

Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) captured at this MAPS banding station were colorbanded with a unique color combination for visual identification as part of a separate survey 

effort for this species. Data recorded for each individual captured included age, sex, skull 

ossification, breeding condition, weight, wing chord, fat deposition, feather wear, and molt 

status, using Pyle (1997) as a reference. Birds that already had bands when captured also were 

processed and their band numbers were recorded. These birds were considered “recaptures.” We 

recorded only the initial capture of a bird on each banding day (we did not record same-day 

recaptures). A bird only was considered a recapture on each unique day it was captured after its 

original banding. Birds were held for 5–45 minutes depending on the number of birds captured 

during one net run. After processing, juveniles, brooding females, and resident birds from the 

more distant nets were released near the net in which they had been captured, whereas all other 

birds were released at the central processing location. A list of all birds observed, including 

species not captured, and their possible breeding status at the MAPS banding station, was kept 

for each banding day. A minimum of five personnel typically operated the MAPS banding 

station. 
8 

Banding Schedule

Following standard MAPS protocol, the MAPS banding station was operated 1 day 

during every 10-day netting period during the MAPS season (May 1–August 8). In 2012 and 

2013, the MAPS banding station was operated during three additional 10-day netting periods 

prior to the start of the MAPS season (April 1–30) for a total of 13 banding days. These netting 

periods were added to accommodate earlier breeding species such as Orange-crowned Warbler 

(Oreothlypis celata) and for comparisons with other MAPS banding stations in San Diego 

County, which begin operation in April (Allen and Kus, 2014; Madden and Kus, 2014; Madden 

and others, 2014). 

Data Analysis

All banding data were entered into MAPSPROG, the IBP data entry program, for 

verification and error checking, which also included cross-checking against data from previous 

years. Finalized MAPSPROG data were submitted to IBP and Naval Base Coronado, and 

analyzed. MAPSPROG data from 2009 through 2011 were obtained from IBP and included in 

the analyses. This report presents a summary of banding data from 2009 through 2013. 

Bird captures were quantified by species, age, sex, and number of captures for each year. 

The total number of captures (including newly banded birds, captured but unbanded birds, and 

all recaptures) was used to create a captured species list and a total count of captures per species 

for the MAPS banding station. We intentionally did not band hummingbirds because they are 

difficult to band and recapture and would require a concentrated effort beyond the scope of a 

MAPS banding station. We included hummingbirds in the total count of captures and the 

captured species list, but did not include them in further analyses because we could not 

determine individual identity, and, therefore, could not accurately calculate abundance, 

productivity, or survivorship. For analyses, the population size for each species was the total 

number of individuals captured, including only newly banded birds and first-time recaptures of 

birds originally banded in previous years. 

Capture rates of each species were calculated for each year by dividing the total number 

of individuals captured by the total number of hours nets were open at the MAPS banding station 

(net-hours), and multiplying this number by 100. Captures per 100 net-hours is a standard unit of 

measurement used for bird banding analyses. Calculating capture rates in this manner allowed us 

to account for the discrepancy in the number of banding days each year (10 banding days in 

2009–11, 13 banding days in 2012–13) and to make between-year comparisons.

We calculated species richness (number of species captured at the MAPS banding 

station), relative species abundance (the proportion of all individuals represented by a particular 

species), seasonal and annual variation in individual captures, sex and age ratios (to determine 

the structure and overall health of the population), productivity (a reproductive index represented 

by the number of juveniles captured divided by the number of adults captured), adult 

survivorship (based on analysis of recapture rates using Program MARK, as described later in 

this section), and population trends. 
9 

Age structure and seasonal and annual variation in individual captures were examined for

seven species that constituted 5 percent or more of individual captures in 1 year or more. Bushtit 

(Psaltriparus minimus), Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis 

trichas), and Orange-crowned Warbler constituted more than 5 percent of individual captures in 

all years. Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) constituted 5 percent or more of captures in 2009–10. 

Wilson’s Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) constituted 5 percent or more of captures in 2010–11, but 

only wintered at or migrated through the MAPS banding station and, therefore, was only used for 

analyses of seasonal and annual variation. Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) constituted 5 

percent or more of the captures in 2009. We also analyzed individual captures of Least Bell’s 

Vireo, which constituted 0.7–4.1 percent of the captures each year, to examine the status of this 

Federal and State protected species at NOLF.

Annual productivity and survivorship were calculated for six species selected based on 

criteria presented by IBP for survivorship analyses. These criteria include (1) at least 2.5 

individuals of the species captured per year, with a minimum of 30 year-unique captures; (2) at 

least two recaptures; and (3) survival and recapture probability not equal to 0 or 1. An index of 

productivity was calculated by dividing the number of juvenile (hatching-year) individuals 

captured each year by the number of adults (after hatching-year) captured each year. This index 

was used to calculate expected population size for the following year where expected population 

size in yearx = population size in yearx-1 + (population size in yearx-1 × productivity in yearx-1) 

(Kus and Kisner, 2003). Expected population size was compared to observed population size to 

evaluate the contribution of productivity to population growth in each species. 

We analyzed annual survivorship of adults for the six species by creating encounter 

histories for each year from 2009 to 2013, coding capture or recapture as “1” and no capture or 

recapture as “0”. Birds that originally were banded as young (during their hatching year) were 

included in analyses as adults in subsequent years. Encounter histories for each species were 

compiled and analyzed in Program MARK to obtain annual survivorship estimates. To determine 

and compare the contribution of adult survival to annual population change in the six species, 

expected and observed population sizes were compared for each year, where expected population 

size in yearx = population size in yearx-1 × survivorship to yearx (Kus and Kisner, 2003). 

Annual precipitation was calculated for each bio-year (July 1–June 30) during which the 

MAPS banding station was operated using historical data compiled by Weather Underground 

(The Weather Channel, LLC, 2014). Annual precipitation then was correlated for the current bioyear (that is, the year ending June 30 during the MAPS season) with annual productivity for each 

of the six species. For resident species, survivorship was correlated with precipitation during the 

concurrent bio-year. For migrant species, survivorship was correlated with precipitation during 

the previous bio-year to account for the fact that migrants are absent from the MAPS banding 

station from September to March of the current bio-year and, thus, their survivorship likely is 

more influenced by precipitation at the MAPS banding station during the previous bio-year than 

the current bio-year. 
10 

Species were compared according to their migratory status in analyses of age structure, 

seasonal and annual variation in capture rate, productivity, and survivorship. Neotropical 

migratory species were defined as those covered under the Neotropical Migratory Bird 

Conservation Act of 2000 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013; appendix A, tables A1 and A2); 

however, some species considered Neotropical migratory birds under the Act are known to be 

year-round residents in southwestern San Diego County and, therefore were considered resident 

species for this analysis. Year-round resident species in this analysis included Bushtit, Song 

Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Wrentit. Of these five species, 

only Bushtit and Wrentit are not considered Neotropical migrants. Species known to winter 

outside southwestern San Diego County were considered migratory. Migratory species were 

Wilson’s Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, and Least Bell’s Vireo. 

Results

Overview of Captures

In 3,347 net-hours (669 ±95 net-hours per year) during the 2009–13 MAPS seasons, we 

had a total of 3,221 captures (644 ±155 captures per year; appendix B, table B1). Of the 3,221 

total captures, 2,464 were newly banded of which 218 were individuals recaptured from previous 

years for a total of 2,682 captures (536 ±117 individual captures per year). An additional 218 

birds were released unbanded (116 hummingbirds and 102 other birds that were intentionally 

released unbanded [game birds, etc.] or escaped before banding) for a maximum of 2,682 

individual captures. We captured 57 species, of which 44 were Neotropical migratory species, 

and 33 were considered to breed at the MAPS banding station (appendix A, table A1; appendix 

B, table B1; unidentified species not included in species total). 

Two notable Neotropical migratory species were recaptured in 2013. A Golden-crowned 

Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) and a White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), both 

originally banded in April 2012, were recaptured in April 2013. It is unknown whether these 

birds migrated through or wintered at NOLF in both years. These were the only non-breeding 

birds that were banded and recaptured in a subsequent year. 

Sensitive Species

Twenty-two sensitive species were detected at NOLF (14 captured and 8 observed only) 

(appendix A, tables A1 and A2). We captured one State and federally endangered species, Least 

Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), one State endangered species, Willow Flycatcher 

(Empidonax traillii), and two State species of concern, Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), 

and Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) (appendix A, table A1; California Department of Fish 

and Game, 2011; California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2013; U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, 2014). One additional State species of concern, Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), was 

observed at the MAPS banding station, but was not captured (appendix A, table A2; California 

Department of Fish and Game, 2011). Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and White-tailed Kite 

(Elanus leucurus), State fully protected species, also were observed at the MAPS banding station 

(California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2013, 2014). Three Federal conservation concern 

species—Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), Nuttall’s Woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), 

and Lawrence’s Goldfinch (Spinus lawrencei)—also were captured. Two additional federal 

conservation concern species—Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) and Costa’s 
11 

Hummingbird (Calypte costae)—were observed only (appendix A, tables A1 and A2; U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, 2008). An additional 10 species detected at NOLF (7 captured and 3 

observed only) are considered bird species of conservation concern, including one of the most 

abundant species at the MAPS banding station: Wrentit (appendix A, tables A1 and A2; Partners 

in Flight Science Committee , 2012). Nine of the sensitive species breed at NOLF (seven

captured and two observed only). Sixteen of the sensitive species are considered Neotropical

migratory species (10 captured and 6 observed only; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013). 

Forty-seven Least Bell’s Vireo were captured and newly banded during 2009–13. Four of 

these were recaptured in subsequent years (seven total recaptures; appendix B, table B13). Of the 

47 newly banded vireos, 44 were given unique color band combinations and 3 were banded with 

a single numbered metal band. 

Capture Rates

Overall capture rates by MAPS period averaged 84 ±10 captures per 100 net-hours for all 

years combined (range 11–120 captures per 100 net-hours; (appendix B, table B2). Capture rates 

by year ranged from 71–95 captures per 100 net-hours with 2010, 2012, and 2013 being the most 

productive years. 

Species Richness

The number of species captured ranged from 28 to 43 per year (appendix B, tables B3–

B7). Species richness among captures was consistently highest in May, although in 2009, species 

richness peaked in early June. Overall species richness averaged 35 ±7 per year. 

Relative Species Abundance

Bushtit was the most abundant species, at 502 individual captures and averaging 15 ±2

individual captures per 100 net-hours per year (appendix B, figs. B1 a-e and tables B3–B7). The 

second most abundant species was Song Sparrow with 425 individuals (13 ±2 individual 

captures per 100 net-hours per year). Common Yellowthroat was the third most abundant species 

with 372 individuals (11 ±3 individual captures per 100 net-hours per year). Orange-crowned 

Warbler was the fourth most abundant species with 320 individuals (9 ±3 individual captures per 

100 net-hours per year). Each of the four species accounted for more than 5 percent of the 

individuals captured annually during 2009–13 and together accounted for 58 percent of all

individuals captured during 2009–13. Additional species that accounted for 5 percent or more of 

the individuals captured in 1 year or more included Wrentit (2009 and 2010), Wilson’s Warbler 

(2010 and 2011), and Yellow-breasted Chat (2009). Anna’s Hummingbird constituted 5 percent 

or more of the captures in 2013 but was not included in further analyses because we could not 

distinguish between individual captures. 

Seasonal and annual variation in individual captures varied for each of these seven

species (appendix B, figs. B2a-g). Bushtit had two identifiable peaks in captures per year, one in 

May and one in late June to early July (appendix B, fig. B2a). Peaks in Song Sparrow captures 

varied annually, although the largest annual peak in captures occurred between late May and 

mid-June across all years (appendix B, fig. B2b). For Common Yellowthroat, the largest peak 

typically occurred in early to mid-June, although the peak was later (early July) in 2010 and 

there was no peak at all in 2011. Notably for Common Yellowthroat, in the years when banding 
12 

began in April, about 25 percent of all captures occurred prior to the start of the MAPS season 

(May 1) (appendix B, fig. B2c). Orange-crowned Warbler captures peaked by the end of May in 

all years (appendix B, fig. B2d). In 2012 and 2013, the peaks in Orange-crowned Warbler 

captures occurred prior to the start of the MAPS season, with 41 percent of the captures in 2012 

and 58 percent of the captures in 2013 occurring in April. Wrentit captures were relatively small 

in number compared to the top four species (Bushtit, Song Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, and 

Orange-crowned Warbler). However, peaks in Wrentit captures occurred in late May through 

early July and varied by year (appendix B, fig. B2e). The number of Yellow-breasted Chat 

captures also was relatively low each year compared to the top four species. In 2011, we did not 

capture any juvenile Yellow-breasted Chats, and, after the beginning of June, we did not capture

any Yellow-breasted Chats (appendix B, fig. B2f). The peaks in captures of Wilson’s Warbler, a 

non-breeding migratory species for the MAPS banding station, usually occurred in early to midMay, and the latest capture of this species was in early June (June 3, 2011; appendix B, fig. 

B2g).

Sex and Age Structure

The overall sex ratio of known-sex adult captures was slightly skewed towards males for 

all species combined from 2009 to 2013 (55:45 male:female for 2009–13, ranging from 49:51 to 

61:39) (appendix B, tables B8-B12). Adults averaged 57.4 ±6.7 percent of known age captures 

per year (range 49–64 percent) and juveniles averaged 42.6 ±6.7 percent (range 36–51 percent). 

During most years, the adult capture rate was less than the 5-year average (46.9 ±7.4 captures per 

100 net-hours). This average was driven primarily by the high capture rate in 2012—the adult 

capture rate increased 35 percent between 2011 and 2012 (42.5–57.5 captures per 100 net-hours), 

followed by a 15 percent decrease between 2012 and 2013 (57.5–48.7 captures per 100 nethours). During most years, the juvenile capture rate was near or less than the 5-year average

(33.7 ±6.4 captures per 100 net-hours). The juvenile capture rate increased 24 percent between 

2009 and 2010, decreased 40 percent between 2010 and 2011, and then increased 23 percent

between 2011 and 2012. Juveniles of 29 species were captured between 2009 and 2013 (20 ±3 

per year). The four most abundant juvenile species captured (Bushtit, Common Yellowthroat, 

Orange-crowned Warbler, and Song Sparrow) contributed 76 percent of the total number of 

juveniles captured between 2009 and 2013. The highest proportions of juvenile captures were 

Common Yellowthroats in 2009, Bushtits in 2010 and 2012, and Song Sparrows in 2011 and 

2013. 

The age structure of captures varied by year and by species for the six breeding species 

that constituted 5 percent or more of the captures during 1 year or more (appendix B, figs. B3af). More juveniles than adults were captured every year for Song Sparrow (fig. B3e). In contrast, 

more adults than juveniles were captured every year for Wrentit (fig. B3b) and Yellow-breasted 

Chat (fig. B3f). There was more variability in the other species, with Bushtit (fig. B3a) having 

more juveniles than adults in 2010, 2012 and 2013, and Orange-crowned Warbler (fig. B3c) and

Common Yellowthroat (fig. B3d) having more juveniles than adults in 2009 and 2010. Out of the 

most abundant breeding species, Yellow-breasted Chat (fig. B3f) had the least number of 

juveniles overall, with no juveniles captured in 2011 and 2012, and more than twice as many 

adults than juveniles captured in 2010 and 2013. 
13 

Population Size

Local population size, as measured by the number of adult individuals captured per 100 

net-hours, increased for three year-round resident species and decreased for one year-round 

resident species from 2009 to 2013 (fig. 3). The Orange-crowned Warbler population was 

relatively stable from 2009 to 2011, then doubled from 2011 to 2012, and increased again from 

2012 to 2013. The Song Sparrow population increased steadily from 2009 through 2013, 

although not as dramatically as the Orange-crowned Warbler population. The Common 

Yellowthroat population was relatively stable from 2009 to 2011, doubled from 2011 to 2012, 

and then decreased from 2012 to 2013. The Wrentit population decreased threefold from 2009 to 

2013. 

Populations of the two migrant bird species remained stable or decreased from 2009 to 

2013 (fig. 3). The Least Bell’s Vireo population remained stable from 2009 to 2013, and the 

Yellow-breasted Chat population decreased from 2009 to 2013. 

Figure 3. Adult population trends for four year-round resident bird species (Wrentit, Orange-crowned 

Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow) and two migratory bird species (Least Bell’s Vireo and

Yellow Breasted Chat) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, 

California, 2009–13. See appendix A for common and scientific names.
14 

Productivity and Population Size

Annual productivity generally was low for most species in 2011 and 2012, and generally 

high in 2010. Song Sparrow had the highest overall productivity, followed by Common 

Yellowthroat (fig. 4). Yellow-breasted Chat had the lowest overall productivity, with no juvenile 

captures in 2011 and 2012. Productivity was not significantly related to precipitation during the 

concurrent bio-year for any species (Orange-crowned Warbler P=0.94, Common Yellowthroat 

P=0.60, Song Sparrow P=0.36, Wrentit P=0.31, Yellow-breasted Chat P=0.24, Least Bell’s 

Vireo P=0.61). 

Productivity was not a significant predictor of observed population size for any of the 

resident or migrant species (appendix B, fig. B4). However, for three species (Song Sparrow, 

Wrentit, and Yellow-breasted Chat), there appeared to be a trend toward population growth 

following years of high productivity, which may become more clear with additional years of 

data.

Survivorship and Population Size

Adult survivorship for year-round resident and migrant bird species varied among species 

and years from 2009 through 2013 (fig. 5). Adult survivorship was a significant predictor of 

population size for Wrentit (fig. B5a), but not for the remaining five species, although there was 

a trend toward a positive relationship for Song Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, and Orangecrowned Warbler that may become more clear with additional years of data (figs. B5b, B5c). 

Adult survivorship by itself was a poor predictor of Least Bell’s Vireo population size (fig. B5c). 

We found no significant association between adult survivorship and annual precipitation (Song 

Sparrow P=0.43, Wrentit P=0.86, Common Yellowthroat P=0.53, Orange-crowned Warbler 

P=0.32, Least Bell’s Vireo P=0.26, Yellow-breasted Chat P=0.35). 
15 

Figure 4. Annual productivity of six bird species captured and precipitation measured for the associated 

bio-year (July 1–June 30) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego 

County, California, 2009–13. Productivity is calculated as the number of juveniles (HY=hatching-year) 

divided by the number of adults (AHY=after hatching-year). A solid line represents a year-round resident 

species (including species considered Neotropical migratory species under the Neotropical Migratory Bird

Conservation Act of 2000; appendix A, table A1), and a dashed line represents a migratory species that 

was not a year-round resident. 
16 

Figure 5. Adult annual survivorship (estimated by Program MARK) for (a) four year-round resident bird 

species (Wrentit, Orange-crowned Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, and Song Sparrow) and (b) two 

migratory bird species (Least Bell’s Vireo and Yellow Breasted Chat) and precipitation measured for the 

associated bio-year (July 1–June 30) at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San 

Diego County, California, California, 2009–13. See appendix A for common and scientific names.
17 

Discussion

Of the 10 most abundant species captured from 2009 to 2013 at NOLF, 7 were yearround residents, 1 was present only during migration and winter, and the remaining 2 were 

migrants that winter elsewhere. This range of resident and migrant species indicates that NOLF 

provides a diversity and abundance of resources necessary for breeding, wintering, and 

migration. 

Seasonal capture rate patterns for different species reflect differences in life history and 

breeding patterns. The peak in the capture rate of Wilson’s Warbler during May corresponds to 

the spring migration of this species. This species was not captured after the first week of June in 

any year. Peaks in capture rates for resident breeding species corresponded to peaks in juvenile 

captures. These peaks likely represent fledging and juvenile dispersal events. The peak in Bushtit 

captures in late July and early August likely reflects an increase in movement of extended family 

groups after the end of the breeding season. In 2012 and 2013, we captured a substantial 

proportion of the Orange-crowned Warbler and Common Yellowthroat in April, prior to the 

initial net opening date for the previous 3 years. This validates the decision to begin the MAPS 

season earlier than the national standard to capture early breeding in this southern climate.

Overall population trends for the species that we captured at NOLF from 2009 to 2013 

showed that most year-round resident bird populations were increasing. These trends likely were 

affected by a balance between productivity and survivorship. One resident species, Wrentit, 

demonstrated a positive relationship between survivorship and population size. Wrentits 

experienced a decreasing population trend over 5 years, associated with decreasing survivorship. 

Productivity was not significantly associated with population size for Wrentit, although there 

was a non-significant positive association, which may become more apparent with more years of 

data. 

We did not find a significant association between productivity or survivorship and 

population size for any other resident or migrant species. Similarly, we did not find a significant 

association between precipitation and either productivity or survivorship. However, productivity 

and survivorship clearly have an effect on population size, and we should be able to clarify that 

relationship with more years of data in the future. 

Although many of the year-round residents of NOLF seem to have stable or increasing 

populations, the two migratory species we analyzed demonstrated negative or, at best, stable 

populations. Migrants are subject to additional pressures that year-round residents do not 

experience, such as energy expenditure during migration, potential resource depletion during 

migration or on the wintering grounds, and climate and weather-related stresses that affect 

regions differently. Migration theory suggests that the benefits of migration for these species 

necessarily have outweighed the costs. However, as pressure from human populations (for 

example, development, deforestation, etc.) and climate change affect the wintering grounds over 

time, the benefits of migration may be insufficient to offset the current costs; therefore, it is not 

surprising that migratory species may not show increasing population trends. Year-round bird 

species also may benefit from natural resource management programs on their breeding grounds, 

providing them with protection that may be lacking on the wintering and migration grounds. 

Results from this analysis should be treated cautiously, as they represent only 5 years of 

data. Building on these data by continuing the MAPS program at NOLF will help to elucidate the 

interacting contributions of productivity and survivorship to observed patterns in bird 

populations. 
18 

References Cited

Allen, K.S., and Kus, B.E., 2014, Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps 

Base Camp Pendleton, California—2013 annual data summary: Prepared for Assistant Chief of 

Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, 

California. 

California Department of Fish and Game, 2011, Special animals: California Department of Fish 

and Game, accessed March 5, 2014, at 

http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/pdfs/SPAnimals.pdf. 

California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2013, State and federally listed endangered and

threatened animals of California: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, accessed March 

4, 2014, at http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cnddb/pdfs/TEAnimals.pdf.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2014, Fully protected animals: California 

Department of Fish and Wildlife, accessed March 5, 2014, at 

http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/t_e_spp/fully_pro.html.

DeSante, D.F., Burton, K.M., Velez, P., Froehlich, D., and Kaschube, D., 2011, MAPS 

manual—Instructions for the establishment and operation of constant-effort bird-banding 

stations as part of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) Program: 

Point Reyes Station, California, Institute for Bird Populations. 

DeSante, D.F., Williams, O.E., and Burton, K.M., 1993, The Monitoring Avian Productivity and 

Survivorship (MAPS) program—Overview and progress, in Finch, D.M., and Stangel, P.W., 

eds., Status and management of neotropical migratory birds: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky 

Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, General Technical

Report RM-229, p. 208–222. 

Kus, B.E., and Kisner, D.A., 2003, Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps 

Base Camp Pendleton, California—2002 annual report: Prepared for Assistant Chief of Staff, 

Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, 

California.

Madden, M.C., and Kus, B.E., 2014, Monitoring breeding and migration of neotropical 

migratory birds at Naval Base Coronado, Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, San Diego 

County, California—2013 annual data summary: Prepared for Commander, Navy Region 

Southwest, San Diego, California. 

Madden, M. C., S. Lynn, and B. E. Kus. 2014. Monitoring breeding and migration of neotropical 

migratory birds at Point Loma, San Diego County, California—2013 annual data summary: 

Prepared for Commander, Navy Region Southwest, San Diego, California. 

Myers, S.J., 2011, Report of MAPS banding at the Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial

Beach in 2009–2011: Prepared for the Naval Base Coronado, California. 

Partners in Flight Science Committee, 2012, Species Assessment Database, version 2012: 

Partners in Flight Committee, database accessed August, 16, 2014, at 

http://rmbo.org/pifassessment.

Pyle, P., 1997, Identification guide to North American Birds, Part 1—Columbidae to Ploceidae: 

Bolinas, California, Slate Creek Press.

The Weather Channel, LLC, 2014, Weather history for Imperial Beach, CA : The Weather 

Channel, LLC, accessed July 28, 2014, at www.wunderground.com/personal-weatherstation/dashboard?ID=KCAIMPER2#history/s20080601/e20080701/mmonth. 
19 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008, Birds of conservation concern 2008: U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia, 85 p., 

http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/. 

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013, Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act bird list: 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Web site, accessed March 5, 2014, at 

http://www.fws.gov/birdhabitat/grants/nmbca/birdlist.shtm. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2014, Endangered species: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Web 

site, accessed March 5, 2014, at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/. 

U.S. Navy, 2014, Naval Base Coronado Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, signed 

21 May 2014: U.S. Navy. 
20 

Appendix A. Alpha Codes, Common Names, and Scientific Names for 

Species Captured and Observed, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial 

Beach, Southwestern San Diego County, California, 2009–13

Table A1. Species captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13.

[Species in bold were considered breeders at the Naval Outlying Landing Field Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship 

(MAPS) banding station, Imperial Beach, California, according to MAPS protocol (persistent territorial singing during height of 

breeding season, and/or “hard evidence” of breeding (observation of nest, fledglings, etc.) at the station (as opposed to larger 

surrounding area). Special status: CC, Partners in Flight Species of Conservation Concern (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008; 

California Department of Fish and Game, 2011; Partners in Flight Science Committee, 2012; California Department of Fish and 

Wildlife, 2013, 2014); FC, Federal Species of Conservation Concern; FE, Federally listed as Endangered; SC, State Species of 

Concern; SE, State listed as Endangered]

Alpha code Common name Scientific name Special status

COHA1 Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii

MODO1 Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura

COGD Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina

GRRO Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus

BCHU1 Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri 

ANHU1 Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna 

CAHU1 Calliope Hummingbird Selasphorus calliope CC

RUHU1 Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus CC

ALHU1 Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin CC, FC

USHU Unidentified Selasphorus Hummingbird Selasphorus spp.

NUWO Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii CC, FC

DOWO Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens

WIFL1 Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii SE

HAFL1 Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii 

PSFL1 Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis 

BLPH Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans

ATFL1 Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens 

LBVI1 Least Bell's Vireo Vireo bellii pusillus CC, FE, SE

HUVI Hutton's Vireo Vireo huttoni

WAVI1 Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus 

REVI1 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

TRES1 Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor

NRWS1 Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis

CLSW1 Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

BUSH Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus 

BEWR Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewickii 

HOWR1 House Wren Troglodytes aedon 
21 

Alpha code Common name Scientific name Special status

SWTH1 Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 

HETH1 Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus 

WREN Wrentit Chamaea fasciata CC

CATH California Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum CC

OCWA1 Orange-crowned Warbler Oreothlypis celata 

NAWA1 Nashville Warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla 

NOPA1 Northern Parula Setophaga americana

YWAR1 Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia SC

AUWA1 Audubon's Warbler Setophaga coronata auduboni

TOWA1 Townsend's Warbler Setophaga townsendi 

HEWA1 Hermit Warbler Setophaga occidentalis CC

MGWA1 MacGillivray’s Warbler Geothlypis tolmiei 

COYE1 Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 

WIWA1 Wilson’s Warbler Cardellina pusilla 

YBCH1 Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens SC

SPTO1 Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus

CALT California Towhee Melozone crissalis CC

FOSP1 Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca

SOSP1 Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia 

LISP1 Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii 

WCSP1 White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys 

GCSP1 Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla CC

NOCA Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis

BHGR1 Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus 

LAZB1 Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena 

BHCO1 Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater

HOOR1 Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus 

HOFI House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus 

LEGO1 Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria 

LAGO1 Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei CC, FC

AMGO1 American Goldfinch Spinus tristis 

1

Species defined as Neotropical migratory bird under the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 2000 

(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013). 
22 

Table A2. Species observed, but not captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13.

[Species in bold were considered breeders at the Naval Outlying Landing Field Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship 

(MAPS) banding station, Imperial Beach, California, according to MAPS protocol (persistent territorial singing during height of 

breeding season, and/or “hard evidence” of breeding (observation of nest, fledglings, etc.) at the station (as opposed to larger 

surrounding area). Special status: CC, Partners in Flight Species of Conservation Concern (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2008; 

California Department of Fish and Game, 2011; Partners in Flight Science Committee, 2012; California Department of Fish and 

Wildlife, 2013, 2014); FC, Federal Species of Conservation Concern; SC, State Species of Concern; SE, State listed as 

Endangered]

Alpha 

code Common name Scientific name

Special 

status

DCCO1 Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus

GBHE1 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias

GREG1 Great Egret Ardea alba

SNEG1 Snowy Egret Egretta thula

BCNH1 Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax

TUVU Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

CANG1 Canada Goose Branta canadensis

MALL1 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

OSPR1 Osprey Pandion haliaetus

WTKI White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus FC, SF

NOHA1 Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus SC

RSHA1 Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus

RTHA1 Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis

AMKE1 American Kestrel Falco sparverius 

PEFA1 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus CC, FC, SF

KILL1 Killdeer Charadrius vociferus

GRYE1 Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca

WHIM1 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

LBCU1 Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus FC

CAGU1 California Gull Larus californicus

WEGU1 Western Gull Larus occidentalis

CATE1 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia

FOTE1 Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri

BANO Barn Owl Tyto alba

GHOW Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus

COPO1 Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii

WTSW1 White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis

COHU1 Costa's Hummingbird Calypte costae FC

UNHU Unidentified Hummingbird species ---

ACWO Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus

NOFL1 Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus
23 

Alpha 

code Common name Scientific name

Special 

status

WEWP1 Western Wood-pewee Contopus sordidulus 

SAPH1 Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya 

WEKI1 Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis 

BTMJ Black-throated Magpie-jay Calocitta colliei

WESJ Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica CC

AMCR American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos

CORA Common Raven Corvus corax

VGSW1 Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina

BARS1 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

BGGN1 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea 

NOMO Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos 

EUST European Starling Sturnus vulgaris

PHAI1 Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens CC

BTYW1 Black-throated Gray Warbler Setophaga nigrescens CC

OVEN1 Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla

WETA1 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana 

CHSP1 Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina

BLGR1 Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea 

RWBL1 Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus

BUOR1 Bullock’s Oriole Icterus bullockii 

1

Species defined as Neotropical migratory bird under the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 2000 

(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013).
24 

Appendix B. Tables and Additional Figures, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, Southwestern San 

Diego County, California, 2009–13

Table B1. Number of birds captured, banded, recaptured, and unbanded at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Total captures: Includes multiple captures of some individuals]

Total captures New individuals banded Recaptured individuals Unbanded

Year Year Year Year

Specie 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total

COHA 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MOD

O

0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2

COGD 2 2 0 2 5 11 2 2 0 2 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

GRRO 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

BCHU 1 3 4 4 5 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 4 5 17

ANHU 8 11 8 25 33 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 8 25 33 85

CAHU 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3

RUHU 0 0 0 3 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 6

ALHU 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4

USHU 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

NUW

O

0 3 1 3 2 9 0 3 1 3 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DOW

O

0 4 4 13 5 26 0 4 4 11 5 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WIFL 0 0 3 1 3 7 0 0 3 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HAFL 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PSFL 15 17 10 11 9 62 14 17 10 10 9 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

BLPH 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ATFL 4 1 2 6 5 18 4 1 2 6 5 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LBVI 11 14 20 8 16 69 7 10 16 4 10 47 0 3 1 1 2 7 0 0 1 0 0 1

HUVI 0 1 5 9 3 18 0 1 5 8 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WAVI 1 2 10 5 7 25 1 2 10 5 6 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

REVI 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TRES 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NRWS 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CLSW 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BUSH 128 119 105 156 116 624 100 93 76 107 72 448 0 5 13 22 14 54 13 7 4 5 4 33

BEWR 21 18 12 23 16 90 18 17 8 17 11 71 0 1 3 2 4 10 1 1 1 1 0 4

HOW

R

13 30 12 30 38 123 10 22 9 23 21 85 0 4 2 4 5 15 2 2 1 0 3 8
25 

Total captures New individuals banded Recaptured individuals Unbanded

Year Year Year Year

Specie 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total 2009 2010 2011 20121 20131 Total

SWTH 4 16 16 11 7 54 4 16 16 11 7 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HETH 0 0 0 5 2 7 0 0 0 5 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WREN 30 36 13 32 19 130 23 23 5 19 8 78 0 1 6 6 7 20 1 0 0 1 0 2

CATH 0 4 1 3 4 12 0 3 0 2 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2

OCW

A

55 76 27 84 109 351 52 68 23 61 91 295 0 5 3 12 9 29 2 2 1 0 0 5

NAW

A

0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOPA 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

YWA

R

5 15 7 24 8 59 4 14 7 20 6 51 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

AUW

A

0 0 0 10 2 12 0 0 0 10 2 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOWA 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HEWA 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MGW

A

1 0 1 0 3 5 1 0 1 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

COYE 113 70 51 118 93 445 92 54 40 86 68 340 0 1 6 10 11 28 7 3 0 2 1 13

WIWA 8 49 36 25 18 136 8 45 35 25 18 131 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 4

YBCH 25 14 8 11 12 70 21 12 3 7 9 52 0 6 2 2 1 11 1 0 0 0 0 1

SPTO 3 5 3 10 8 29 2 5 2 5 7 21 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

CALT 2 6 3 6 6 23 2 6 2 6 6 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

FOSP 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SOSP 82 74 80 111 143 490 69 58 66 86 103 382 0 0 7 10 20 37 4 5 2 2 2 15

LISP 0 0 0 4 8 12 0 0 0 4 8 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WCSP 0 1 1 21 28 51 0 1 1 20 25 47 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3

GCSP 0 0 1 3 2 6 0 0 1 3 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOCA 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BHGR 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LAZB 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BHCO 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

HOOR 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HOFI 1 3 6 24 22 56 1 3 6 24 21 55 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

LEGO 1 1 0 2 3 7 1 1 0 2 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

LAGO 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMG

O

4 5 10 5 4 28 3 5 10 5 4 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 542 602 467 831 779 3,221 443 488 369 614 550 2,464 0 26 44 71 77 218 40 37 25 53 63 218

1

Includes captures from 13 banding days compared to 10 banding days per year in 2009–11.
26 

Table B2. Capture rate of individuals by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period 

and year at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13.

MAPS 

period

Year Totals by

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 MAPS period

Net-hours - - - 61:20 60:00 121:20

Captures - - - 79 66 145

-3 Captures per 100 net-hours - - - 129 110 120

Net-hours - - - 59:30 61:40 121:10

Captures - - - 48 77 125

-2 Captures per 100 net-hours - - - 81 125 103

Net-hours - - - 44:20 60:00 104:20

Captures - - - 65 54 119

-1 Captures per 100 net-hours - - - 147 90 114

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:00 61:40 301:40

Captures 49 53 63 76 54 295

1 Captures per 100 net-hours 82 88 105 127 88 98

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:20 56:20 296:40

Captures 79 97 54 101 67 398

2 Captures per 100 net-hours 132 162 90 167 119 134

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 61:00 60:00 301:00

Captures 70 84 50 42 68 314

3 Captures per 100 net-hours 117 140 83 69 113 104

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 59:10 60:00 299:10

Captures 83 44 34 49 63 273

4 Captures per 100 net-hours 138 73 57 83 105 91

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:00 300:00

Captures 60 47 56 65 35 263

5 Captures per 100 net-hours 100 78 93 108 58 88

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:40 60:00 300:40

Captures 14 77 39 48 45 223

6 Captures per 100 net-hours 23 128 65 79 75 74

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 59:40 60:00 299:40

Captures 38 55 22 29 45 189

7 Captures per 100 net-hours 63 92 37 49 75 63

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 57:20 60:00 297:20

Captures 27 23 28 33 29 140

8 Captures per 100 net-hours 45 38 47 58 48 47

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:00 61:40 301:40

Captures 20 26 32 26 35 139

9 Captures per 100 net-hours 33 43 53 43 57 46

Net-hours 60:00 60:00 60:00 60:40 61:40 302:20

Captures 12 22 47 61 33 175

10 Captures per 100 net-hours 20 37 78 101 54 58

Totals 

by 

MAPS 

period

Net-hours 600:00 600:00 600:00 764:00 783:00 3347:00

Captures 452 528 425 722 671 2798

Captures per 100 net-hours 75 88 71 95 86 84
27 

Table B3. Number of captures by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period and date 

at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names]

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

net-hours

(600:00:00 

total nethours)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

05-05-0905-11-0905-20-0906-01-0906-12-0906-22-0907-02-0907-14-0907-22-0908-04-09

Total

COGD 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0.33

BCHU 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

ANHU 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 8 1.33

PSFL 1 0 1 6 3 0 1 0 1 1 14 2.33

BLPH 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

ATFL 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.67

LBVI 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 1.17

WAVI 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

REVI 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

BUSH 2 14 18 17 16 1 12 11 8 1 100 16.67

BEWR 4 0 4 1 1 0 2 6 0 0 18 3.00

HOWR 0 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 10 1.67

SWTH 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.67

WREN 0 0 9 6 2 1 2 3 0 0 23 3.83

OCWA 2 24 12 6 3 0 0 1 2 2 52 8.67

NOPA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.17

YWAR 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0.67

MGWA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

COYE 10 7 7 18 25 6 11 4 3 1 92 15.33

WIWA 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1.33

YBCH 3 3 1 2 1 3 4 1 2 1 21 3.50

SPTO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0.33

CALT 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.33

SOSP 13 15 15 12 6 2 2 1 1 2 69 11.50

HOOR 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.17

LEGO 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

AMGO 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.50

Captures per 

day 49 79 70 83 60 14 38 27 20 12 452 75.33

Total species 12 15 11 18 11 6 10 7 8 10 28 4.67
28 

Table B4. Number of captures by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period and date 

at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2010.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names]

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

net-hours

(600:00:00 

total nethours)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species 05-06-10

05-13-1005-21-1006-03-1006-17-1006-25-1007-07-1007-19-1007-29-1008-05-10

Total

COGD 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0.33

BCHU 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0.50

ANHU 1 2 3 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 11 1.83

NUWO 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0.50

DOWO 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 0.67

PSFL 2 4 4 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 17 2.83

ATFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.17

LBVI 1 1 0 0 3 4 2 1 1 0 13 2.17

HUVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.17

WAVI 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.33

NRWS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

BUSH 5 1 24 5 2 32 17 8 4 0 98 16.33

BEWR 1 0 7 2 0 4 1 1 1 0 17 2.83

HOWR 2 2 2 5 4 4 0 0 3 1 23 3.83

SWTH 2 10 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 16 2.67

WREN 2 2 1 6 5 5 2 1 2 1 27 4.50

CATH 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0.50

OCWA 10 15 25 5 8 2 1 1 2 0 69 11.50

YWAR 3 5 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 2.33

COYE 3 6 1 4 4 9 18 5 4 5 59 9.83

WIWA 6 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 7.50

YBCH 1 3 1 0 2 3 1 0 0 2 13 2.17

SPTO 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 5 0.83

CALT 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 6 1.00

SOSP 9 3 3 5 11 9 7 5 5 7 64 10.67

WCSP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

LAZB 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

HOFI 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0.50

LEGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.17

AMGO 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.83

Captures per 

day 53 97 84 44 47 77 55 23 26 22 528 88.00

Total species 19 16 16 14 13 13 14 8 11 10 30 5.00
29 

Table B5. Number of captures by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period and date 

at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2011. 

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names]

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

net-hours

(600:00:00 

total nethours)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

05-02-1105-11-1105-25-1106-03-1106-15-1106-24-1107-06-1107-15-1107-27-1108-05-11

Total

COHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.17

BCHU 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 0.67

ANHU 3 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 8 1.33

NUWO 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

DOWO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 0.67

WIFL 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.50

HAFL 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

PSFL 0 0 1 0 6 1 0 2 0 0 10 1.67

ATFL 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.33

LBVI 1 2 2 0 1 2 0 4 1 4 17 2.83

HUVI 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 5 0.83

WAVI 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.67

BUSH 2 2 9 2 15 9 2 6 16 26 89 14.83

BEWR 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 0 11 1.83

HOWR 0 0 2 3 0 2 2 1 1 0 11 1.83

SWTH 0 12 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 2.67

WREN 2 1 2 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 11 1.83

OCWA 11 6 1 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 26 4.33

NAWA 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.50

YWAR 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 7 1.17

TOWA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

MGWA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

COYE 8 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 3 46 7.67

WIWA 19 10 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5.83

YBCH 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.83

SPTO 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0.50

CALT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0.33

SOSP 5 5 7 10 14 12 3 7 5 5 73 12.17

WCSP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

GCSP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

NOCA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.17

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 1.00

AMGO 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 2 2 0 10 1.67

Captures per day 63 54 50 34 56 39 22 28 32 47 425 70.83

Total species1 16 16 18 14 13 11 10 8 9 8 33 5.50

1

Unidentified species not included in species total.
30 

TableB6. Number of captures by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period and date 

at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2012. 

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names]

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

net-hours

(764:00 total 

net-hours)

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

04-05-1204-12-1204-26-1205-03-1205-17-1205-24-1206-07-1206-14-1206-28-1207-05-1207-19-1207-26-1208-02-12

Total

COGD 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.26

BCHU 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.52

ANHU 3 1 7 3 1 1 2 1 3 0 1 0 2 25 3.27

CAHU 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

RUHU 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.39

ALHU 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0.39

USHU 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

NUWO 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.39

DOWO 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 11 1.44

WIFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

PSFL 0 0 1 4 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 10 1.31

BLPH 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

ATFL 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0.79

LBVI 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.65

HUVI 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 8 1.05

WAVI 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.65

TRES 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

CLSW 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.92

BUSH 3 4 2 1 29 9 4 10 17 5 11 2 32 129 16.88

BEWR 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 19 2.49

HOWR 5 0 1 5 4 2 3 5 1 1 0 0 0 27 3.53

SWTH 0 0 1 4 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1.44

HETH 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.65

WREN 1 2 2 5 1 1 3 4 0 2 3 0 1 25 3.27

CATH 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

OCWA 13 7 10 11 12 10 3 2 0 1 0 0 4 73 9.55

YWAR 0 0 2 2 9 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 20 2.62

AUWA 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1.31

TOWA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

HEWA 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

COYE 15 2 6 7 11 7 11 15 9 4 4 0 5 96 12.57

WIWA 0 0 9 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 3.27

YBCH 0 3 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1.18

SPTO 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 7 0.92

CALT 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 6 0.79

SOSP 7 6 3 9 10 6 5 17 9 6 1 9 8 96 12.57

LISP 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.52
31 

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

net-hours

(764:00 total 

net-hours)

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

04-05-1204-12-1204-26-1205-03-1205-17-1205-24-1206-07-1206-14-1206-28-1207-05-1207-19-1207-26-1208-02-12

Total

WCSP 8 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2.62

GCSP 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.39

BHGR 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

HOFI 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 12 3 24 3.14

LEGO 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

LAGO 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.39

AMGO 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0.65

Captures

per day 79 48 65 76 101 42 49 65 48 29 33 26 61 722 94.50

Total 

species1 18 18 25 20 22 12 17 16 10 12 11 6 13 43 5.63 1

Unidentified species not included in species total.
32 

Table B7. Number of captures by Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) period and date 

at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2013. 

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names]

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

Nethours

(783:00 

total nethours)

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

04-04-1304-11-1304-25-1305-02-1305-16-1305-23-1306-06-1306-13-1306-20-1307-08-1307-18-1307-25-1308-01-13

Total

COGD 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0.38

BCHU 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.64

ANHU 2 2 5 0 6 2 1 3 6 3 1 2 0 33 4.21

CAHU 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

RUHU 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0.38

ALHU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.13

NUWO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0.26

DOWO 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 5 0.64

WIFL 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.38

PSFL 0 0 1 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 9 1.15

ATFL 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0.64

LBVI 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 0 0 1 12 1.53

HUVI 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0.38

WAVI 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0.77

REVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

NRWS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

BUSH 7 0 1 3 15 14 10 5 6 1 7 9 8 86 10.98

BEWR 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 1 0 2 1 2 2 15 1.92

HOWR 6 0 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 3 3 0 1 26 3.32

SWTH 0 0 0 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.89

HETH 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

WREN 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 5 1 0 0 0 15 1.92

CATH 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0.38

OCWA 21 26 11 6 15 9 2 1 0 1 1 3 4 100 12.77

YWAR 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 0.89

AUWA 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

HEWA 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

MGWA 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.38

COYE 8 4 8 4 6 8 15 5 8 4 4 4 1 79 10.09

WIWA 0 2 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 2.30

YBCH 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 10 1.28

SPTO 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 7 0.89

CALT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 6 0.77

FOSP 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

SOSP 7 3 5 2 8 18 22 12 11 16 5 11 3 123 15.71
33 

MAPS period

Captures 

per 100 

Nethours

(783:00 

total nethours)

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Date

Species

04-04-1304-11-1304-25-1305-02-1305-16-1305-23-1306-06-1306-13-1306-20-1307-08-1307-18-1307-25-1308-01-13

Total

LISP 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1.02

WCSP 0 20 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 3.32

GCSP 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.26

BHGR 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

HOOR 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.13

HOFI 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 8 22 2.81

LEGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.13

AMGO 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0.51

Captures

per day 66 77 54 54 67 68 63 35 45 45 29 35 33 671 85.70

Total 

species 13 18 20 23 15 16 14 11 12 16 12 10 12 43 5.49
34 

 

Figure B1. Number of individuals captured per species per 100 net-hours at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13. Species that 

accounted for 5 percent or more of the individuals captured in 1 or more years were given colored bars to track annual variation. Solid colored bars 

are year-round residents (including species considered Neotropical migrants under the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 2000), and 

cross-hatched bars are migratory species. Bushtit, Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Song Sparrow each constituted more than

5 percent of the captures each year. See appendix A for common and scientific names.
35 

Figure B1.—Continued.
36 

Figure B1.—Continued.
37 

Figure B1.—Continued.
38 

Figure B1.—Continued.
39 

Figure B2. Seasonal and annual variation in individual captures of year-round resident species (a–e) and 

migratory species (f–g) constituting 5 percent or more of the total captures for 1 or more years at Naval 

Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13. See appendix A for common and scientific names.
40 

Figure B2.—Continued.
41 

Figure B2.—Continued.
42 

 

Figure B2.—Continued.
43 

Table B8. Sex and age of individual birds captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Age: HY, hatching-year, AHY, after-hatching-year; SY, second-year, ASY, after-second-year] 

 

Species

Female age Male age Male

total

Unknown sex age Unknown

total

Species

total Female

HY AHY SY total HY AHY SY ASY HY AHY SY ASY

COGD 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

PSFL 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 6 3 0 11 14

BLPH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

ATFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 4 4

LBVI 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 7

WAVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

REVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

BUSH 4 40 0 44 2 33 0 0 35 21 0 0 0 21 100

BEWR 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 3 13 0 0 0 13 18

HOWR 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 5 1 0 0 6 10

SWTH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 4

WREN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 19 0 0 23 23

OCWA 0 8 1 9 0 12 1 0 13 30 0 0 0 30 52

NOPA 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

YWAR 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4

MGWA 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

COYE 1 4 4 9 14 16 3 0 33 50 0 0 0 50 92

WIWA 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 8

YBCH 0 4 3 7 1 0 2 3 6 8 0 0 0 8 21

SPTO 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2

CALT 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

SOSP 2 4 6 12 1 7 2 0 10 47 0 0 0 47 69

HOOR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

LEGO 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

AMGO 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3

Total 8 74 19 101 20 80 14 5 117 185 31 7 2 225 443
44 

Table B9. Sex and age of individual birds captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2010.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Age: HY, hatching-year, AHY, after-hatching-year; SY, second-year, ASY, after-second-year; ATY, after third-year] 

Female age Female Male age Male Unknown sex age Unknown Species

Species HY AHY SY ASY ATY total HY AHY SY ASY total HY AHY SY ASY total total

COGD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2

NUWO 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3

DOWO 1 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

PSFL 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 2 15 17

ATFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

LBVI 0 0 2 2 0 4 0 0 1 1 2 7 0 0 0 7 13

HUVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

WAVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

NRWS 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

BUSH 34 15 0 1 0 50 4 11 1 3 19 29 0 0 0 29 98

BEWR 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 2 12 0 0 0 12 17

HOWR 0 2 1 1 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 16 0 1 0 17 23

SWTH 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 4 0 9 13 16

WREN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 12 0 4 27 27

CATH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 3

OCWA 0 3 5 4 0 12 1 1 6 5 13 44 0 0 0 44 69

YWAR 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 8 4 12 0 0 1 0 1 14

COYE 2 2 3 1 0 8 15 7 4 3 29 22 0 0 0 22 59

WIWA 0 0 16 12 0 28 0 1 10 6 17 0 0 0 0 0 45

YBCH 0 0 1 5 0 6 0 0 2 2 4 2 0 0 1 3 13

SPTO 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 5

CALT 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 2 6

SOSP 1 0 5 3 0 9 3 2 6 2 13 39 3 0 0 42 64

WCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

LAZB 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 3

LEGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

AMGO 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 5

Total 39 27 42 31 1 140 26 29 42 28 125 196 23 14 16 249 514
45 

Table B10. Sex and age of individual birds captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2011.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Age: HY, hatching-year, AHY, after-hatching-year; SY, second-year, ASY, after-second-year; ATY, after third-year; 

I, indeterminable age] 

Female age Female Male age Male Unknown sex age Unknown Species

Species HY AHY SY ASY I total HY AHY SY ASY ATY total HY AHY SY ASY total total

COHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

NUWO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

DOWO 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 4

WIFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3

HAFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

PSFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 3 10 10

ATFL 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

LBVI 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 2 9 1 2 0 12 17

HUVI 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 4 5

WAVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 10 10

BUSH 18 15 3 4 1 41 0 20 2 4 0 26 22 0 0 0 22 89

BEWR 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 5 0 1 1 7 11

HOWR 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 1 6 11

SWTH 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 15 16

WREN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 5 11 11

OCWA 1 0 2 8 0 11 0 1 2 5 0 8 7 0 0 0 7 26

NAWA 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3

YWAR 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7

TOWA 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

MGWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

COYE 1 2 3 4 0 10 6 1 7 9 0 23 13 0 0 0 13 46

WIWA 0 0 3 4 0 7 0 0 10 18 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 35

YBCH 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5

SPTO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 3

CALT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2

SOSP 0 1 9 8 0 18 0 1 3 0 0 4 49 0 1 1 51 73

WCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

GCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

NOCA 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 1 6

AMGO 1 0 1 2 0 4 1 0 0 2 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 10

Total 21 23 24 39 1 108 9 30 36 48 1 124 127 8 17 29 181 413
46 

Table B11. Sex and age of individual birds captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2012.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Age: HY, hatching-year, AHY, after-hatching-year; SY, second-year, ASY, after-second-year] 

Female age Female Male age Male Unknown sex age Unknown Species

Species HY AHY SY ASY total HY AHY SY ASY total HY AHY SY ASY total total

COGD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2

NUWO 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

DOWO 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 3 5 0 0 0 5 11

WIFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

PSFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 0 0 10 10

BLPH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

ATFL 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 5 6

LBVI 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 5

HUVI 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 0 7 8

WAVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5

TRES 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

CLSW 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6 7

BUSH 34 22 2 13 71 3 11 0 6 20 37 0 0 1 38 129

BEWR 0 3 0 1 4 1 0 0 1 2 7 6 0 0 13 19

HOWR 0 4 0 3 7 1 7 0 1 9 4 7 0 0 11 27

SWTH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 2 11 11

HETH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 5 5

WREN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 0 6 25 25

CATH 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2

OCWA 0 9 4 14 27 0 4 3 21 28 16 2 0 0 18 73

YWAR 0 0 8 0 8 0 3 4 3 10 1 0 1 0 2 20

AUWA 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 2 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 10

TOWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

HEWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

COYE 2 7 6 11 26 8 11 7 17 43 27 0 0 0 27 96

WIWA 0 0 6 2 8 0 1 4 9 14 0 3 0 0 3 25

YBCH 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 9

SPTO 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 4 7

CALT 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 4 6

SOSP 2 12 0 4 18 1 12 0 6 19 51 8 0 0 59 96

LISP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 4

WCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 2 0 20 20

GCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 3

BHGR 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

HOFI 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 0 0 13 11 0 0 0 11 24

LEGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2

LAGO 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3

AMGO 0 1 2 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5

Total 39 67 30 53 189 20 71 26 76 193 187 96 9 11 303 685
47 

Table B12. Sex and age of individual birds captured at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2013.

[Species: See appendix A for common and scientific names. Age: HY, hatching-year, AHY, after-hatching-year; SY, second-year, ASY, after-second-year; ATY, after third-year]

Female age Female Male age Male Unknown sex age Unknown Species

Species HY AHY SY ASY ATY total HY AHY SY ASY ATY total HY AHY SY ASY total total

COGD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 3

NUWO 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

DOWO 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 5

WIFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 3

PSFL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 9 9

ATFL 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 3 5

LBVI 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 4 0 0 8 12

HUVI 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3

WAVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 6 6

REVI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

NRWS 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

BUSH 20 10 0 5 0 35 0 15 3 6 0 24 27 0 0 0 27 86

BEWR 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 8 3 1 1 13 15

HOWR 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 2 0 5 11 4 0 2 17 26

SWTH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 7 7

HETH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

WREN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 6 15 15

CATH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 3

OCWA 0 4 9 18 0 31 3 7 9 25 0 44 20 3 0 2 25 100

YWAR 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 7

AUWA 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

HEWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

MGW 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3

COYE 0 2 4 8 0 14 16 3 8 17 0 44 21 0 0 0 21 79

WIWA 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 0 2 9 0 11 0 1 0 2 3 18

YBCH 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 3 0 6 2 0 0 0 2 10

SPTO 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 2 7

CALT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 0 5 6

FOSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

SOSP 0 6 2 6 0 14 0 7 1 10 0 18 83 7 1 0 91 123

LISP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 3 8 8

WCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 11 3 26 26

GCSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2

BHGR 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

HOOR 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

HOFI 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 8 0 1 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 22

LEGO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

AMGO 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4

Total 20 37 20 47 1 125 24 47 34 81 1 187 202 68 20 25 315 627
48 

Figure B3. Annual variation in individuals captured per 100 net-hours for the most frequently captured yearround resident species (a-e) and migratory species (f-g) that breed at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial 

Beach, 2009–13. Capture rates are divided into adults (AHY, after hatching-year), juveniles (HY, hatching-year), 

and birds of indeterminable age (I). 
49 

Figure B3.—Continued.
50 

Figure B3.—Continued.
51 

Figure B3.—Continued.
52 

Figure B4. Comparison of expected population size with observed population size for year-round resident bird 

species (a, b) and migratory bird species (c) that breed at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–

13. Population size: total number of individuals captured plus first time recaptures of birds banded in previous 

years. Estimates were calculated using annual productivity estimates (expected population size in yearx = 

observed population size in yearx-1 + [observed population size in yearx-1 × productivity in yearx-1]). 
53 

Figure B4.—Continued.
54 

Figure B5. Comparison of expected population size with observed population size for year-round resident bird 

species (a, b) and migratory bird species (c) that breed at Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–

13. Population size: total number of individuals captured plus first time recaptures of birds banded in previous 

years. Estimates were calculated using annual survivorship estimates (expected population size in yearx = 

observed population size in yearx-1 × survivorship to yearx).
55 

Figure B5.—Continued.
56 

Table B13. Least Bell’s Vireo individuals captured (newly banded and recaptured) at Naval Outlying Landing 

Field, Imperial Beach, 2009–13.

[Color combination: Msi, metal silver numbered federal band; pupu, metal purple band; BKBK, plastic black; BKLP, plastic 

black/light pink split; BYST, plastic black/yellow striped; DPDP, plastic dark pink; DPWH, plastic dark pink/white split, LPBK, plastic 

light pink/black split; LPLP, plastic light pink; PUPU, plastic purple; PUWH, plastic purple/white split; PUYE, plastic purple/yellow 

split; WHDP, plastic white/dark pink split; WHPU, plastic white/purple split; WHWH; plastic white, YEPU, plastic yellow/purple 

split; YEYE, plastic yellow. Age: HY, hatching-year; AHY, after hatching-year; SY, second-year; ASY, after second-year]

Color combination

Initial capture 

date for the 

Band number Left leg Right leg Age Sex year

2400-84993 -- Msi AHY Female 05-05-09

2400-84825 -- PUPU/Msi AHY Female 05-11-09

2400-84810 -- Msi AHY Male 05-11-09

2400-84811 -- Msi AHY Male 05-11-09

2400-85000 -- Msi AHY Female 05-11-09

2400-84873 -- WHWH/Msi AHY Female 06-01-09

1920-24080 -- YEYE/Msi HY Unknown 08-04-09

2400-848251 -- PUPU/Msi ASY Female 05-06-10

1920-24427 -- DPDP/Msi SY Female 05-13-10

1920-24216 -- BKBK/Msi HY Unknown 06-17-10

1920-24217 -- LPLP/Msi HY Unknown 06-17-10

1920-24227 YEYE/Msi -- SY Female 06-17-10

1920-24233 PUPU/Msi -- SY Male 06-25-10

1920-24234 LPLP/Msi -- HY Unknown 06-25-10

1920-24236 BKBK/Msi -- HY Unknown 06-25-10

2400-848731 -- WHWH/Msi ASY Female 06-25-10

1920-24255 DPDP/Msi -- HY Unknown 07-07-10

2400-848101 LPLP Msi ASY Male 07-07-10

1920-24271 WHWH/Msi -- HY Unknown 07-19-10

1920-24288 DPDP Msi HY Unknown 07-29-10

2590-60113 Msi DPDP SY Unknown 05-02-11

2590-60125 YEYE Msi ASY Male 05-11-11

2590-60132 BKBK Msi HY Unknown 05-11-11

2590-60141 Msi PUPU SY Unknown 05-25-11

2590-60143 PUPU Msi SY Female 05-25-11

2590-60156 PUWH/Msi -- HY Unknown 06-15-11

2590-60178 -- PUWH/Msi HY Unknown 06-24-11

2590-60184 WHPU/Msi -- SY Female 06-24-11

2250-48401 YEPU/Msi -- HY Unknown 07-15-11

2250-48409 -- WHPU/Msi ASY Female 07-15-11

2250-48413 BKLP/Msi -- HY Unknown 07-15-11

2590-60200 LPBK/Msi -- AHY Unknown 07-15-11

2250-48416 PUYE/Msi -- HY Unknown 07-27-11

2250-48421 -- LPBK/Msi HY Unknown 08-05-11

2250-48424 Msi WHWH HY Unknown 08-05-11

2250-48426 -- YEPU/Msi HY Unknown 08-05-11
57

Color combination

Initial capture 

date for the 

Band number Left leg Right leg Age Sex year

2400-848101 LPLP Msi ASY Male 08-05-11

2400-848101 LPLP Msi ASY Male 04-05-12

2690-94335 Msi YEYE AHY Female 04-05-12

2690-94355 -- WHWH/Msi SY Male 04-26-12

2690-94230 PUPU/pupu Msi AHY Unknown 06-07-12

2690-94260 WHWH/Msi pupu AHY Female 06-14-12

2400-848101 LPLP Msi ASY Male 04-04-13

2700-03654 -- BYST/Msi AHY Female 04-11-13

2690-943551 -- WHWH/Msi ASY Male 05-02-13

2710-29411 -- DPWH/Msi AHY Female 05-16-13

2710-29454 -- WHDP/Msi HY Unknown 06-13-13

2710-29460 pupu PUPU/Msi AHY Unknown 06-20-13

2710-29467 -- BKLP/Msi AHY Unknown 06-20-13

2710-29468 -- PUYE/Msi AHY Unknown 06-20-13

2710-29478 Msi LPLP HY Unknown 07-08-13

2710-29480 pupu PUWH/Msi HY Unknown 07-08-13

2710-29481 pupu WHPU/Msi HY Unknown 07-08-13

2710-29506 Msi BKBK AHY Unknown 08-01-13

1

Recaptured individual banded previously at NOLF.
58

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For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the

 Director, Western Ecological Research Center

U.S. Geological Survey

3020 State University Drive East

Sacramento, California 95819 

http://werc.usgs.gov/
Lynn and others— Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, California, 2009–13—Open-File Report 2015–1035

ISSN 2331-1258 (online)

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151035