Geographic Area Summary

1997 Economic Census

Construction

Subject Series

1997

Issued April 2000

EC97C23S-AS

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
The staff of the Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report.

Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for

Census and Related Programs, was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination. Patricia L.

Horning, Chief, Construction and Minerals Branch, assisted by Michael A. Blake,

Section Chief, performed the planning and

implementation. Carla M. Bailey, Nina S.

Heggs, Donald G. Powers, Linda M.

Taylor, and Robert A. Wright provided

primarystaff assistance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for

Research and MethodologyPrograms,

assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief of

Manufacturing Programs Methodology

Branch, and Robert Struble, Section

Chief, provided the mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage

operations. Jefferey Dalzell and Cathy

Ritenour provided primarystaff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publications, and Customer Services Branch,

assisted by Julius Smith Jr., and Baruti

Taylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall

coordination of the publication process.

Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, Wanda L.W.

Sledd, and Veronica White provided

primarystaff assistance.

The Economic Planning and Coordination

Division, Lawrence A. Blum, Assistant

Chief for Collection Activities, and

Shirin A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for

Post-Collection Processing, was responsible for developing the systems and

procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industryclassification,

clerical processing, administrative-record

processing, and qualitycontrol.

The Economic Product Team, with primary

contributions from Keith Fuller,

Andrew W. Hait, and Jennifer E. Lins,

was responsible for the development of

the product creation system to support

the 1997 Economic Census product

dissemination.

The staff of the National Processing Center,

Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout

preparation and receipt operations, clerical

and analytical review activities, data keying, and geocoding review.

The GeographyDivision staff developed

geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler

Jr., Chief, developed and coordinated the

computer processing systems. Martin S.

Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquennial Programs, assisted by Barbara L.

Lambert and Lisa Draper, was responsible for design and implementation of the

computer systems. Samuel Rozenel,

Chief, Current Construction Branch,

Kevin J. Montgomery and Leonard S.

Sammarco, Section Chiefs, supervised the

preparation of the computer programs.

Jongmin Lee and Clifton D. Exley

provided primarystaff assistance.

Computer Services Division, Debra

Williams, Chief, performed the computer

processing.

Kim D. Ottenstein, Bernadette J.

Gayle, and Laurene V. Qualls of the

Administrative and Customer Services

Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

provided publications and printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and

electronic media. General direction and

production management were provided by

Michael G. Garland, Assistant Chief,

and Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publications

Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due the

manybusinesses whose cooperation has

contributed to the publication of these

data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Geographic Area Summary

1997 Economic Census

Construction

Subject Series

1997

Issued April 2000

EC97C23S-AS

U.S. Department of Commerce

William M. Daley,

Secretary

Robert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director
Paula J. Schneider,

Principal Associate Director

for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,

Associate Director

for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

William G. Bostic Jr.,

Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

William G. Barron,

Deputy Director
CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1 .............................

Construction 5 ..................................................

TABLES

1. Employment Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State:

1997

7

...................................................

2. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State:

1997 8 ...................................................

3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1997 9 ......

4. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by

Employment Size Class: 1997 11 ............................

5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Dollar

Value of Business Done Size Class: 1997 11 ..................

6. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by

Geographic Location of Construction Work: 1997 12 ...........

7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by

Geographic Area and Type of Construction: 1997 13 ...........

8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll

by Kind~of~Business Activity: 1997 17 ........................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 .....................................

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 ......................

C. Coverage and Methodology C–1 ................................

D. Geographic Notes ........................................ ~~

E. Metropolitan Areas ....................................... ~~

~~ Not applicable for this report.

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the United

States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,

covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series that

measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data to monitor economic activity and assess the

effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published primarily on the basis of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, which

were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of being

adopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Most

economic census reports cover one of the following NAICS

sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Foodservices

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and

Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the census

of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),

covered by the census of governments conducted by the

Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors

(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),

and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries

(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular

care should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,

wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sector

titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The industry definitions discuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.

Where changes are significant, it will not be possible to

construct time series that include data for points both

before and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those functioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as

a central administrative office or warehouse) will not be

included in the sector-specific reports. These data will be

published separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical

location of each establishment is required to tabulate the

census data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), counties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cities, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
required to report their physical location (street address,

municipality, county, and state) if it differed from their

mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail

(and those single-establishment companies that did not

provide acceptable information on physical location), location information from Internal Revenue Service tax forms

is used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment

basis. A company operating at more than one location is

required to file a separate report for each store, factory,

shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned a

separate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and

1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when making

comparisons with prior years, users of the data should

consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are available

on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) and

on compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.

Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights are

published in printed reports. For more information, including a description of electronic and printed reports being

issued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. Census

Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call Customer

Services at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Economic Census may be obtained, depending on availability

of time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. The

data will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name,

address, kind of business, or other data for individual

business establishments or companies) that govern the

regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications

on the type and format of the data to be provided, should

be directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.

Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss a

special tabulation before submitting specifications, call

the appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673

Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at

varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census

and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was

the first time a census was taken apart from the regular

decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and

wholesale trade and construction industries were added in

1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business service censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated: providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of

firms provided by the administrative records of other Federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also

have been used to provide basic statistics for very small

firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census of

construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,

and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,

was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few

transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it

was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include

all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also

new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and

real estate industries. With these additions, the economic

census and the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier

censuses provide historical figures for the study of longterm time series and are available in some large libraries.

All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still available for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Censuses contain databases including nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code

statistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statistics

at www.census.gov/econguide. More information on the

methodology, procedures, and history of the censuses will

be published in the History of the 1997 Economic Census

at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with

the 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include

establishments with payroll exceeding revenue.

N Not available or not comparable.

Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.

S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05

percent.

X Not applicable.

Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.

Z Less than half the unit shown.

a 0 to 19 employees.

b 20 to 99 employees.

c 100 to 249 employees.

e 250 to 499 employees.

f 500 to 999 employees.

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.

m 100,000 employees or more.

p 10 to 19 percent estimated.

q 20 to 29 percent estimated.

r Revised.

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

nec Not elsewhere classified.

nsk Not specified by kind.

– Represents zero (page image/print only).

(CC) Consolidated city.

(IC) Independent city.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Construction

SCOPE

Construction, sector 23, includes establishments primarily engaged in construction work that have one or more

paid employees. Construction work includes new construction work, additions, alterations, and repairs. Establishments identified as construction management firms are

also included. The construction sector is divided into three

types of activity or subsectors.

The Building, Developing, and General Contracting subsector includes establishments responsible for the construction of building projects. Builders, developers, and

general contractors, as well as land subdividers and land

developers are included in the subsector. The construction

work may be done for others and performed by custom

builders, general contractors, design builders, or turnkey

contractors. This construction activity may be for sale as

performed by speculative or operative builders.

The Heavy Construction subsector includes establishments engaged in the construction of heavy engineering

and industrial projects (except buildings) such as highways, power plants, and pipelines. Establishments in this

subsector usually assume responsibility for entire nonbuilding projects, but may subcontract some or all of the

actual construction work. Special trade contractors are

included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to heavy construction such as grading for

highways. Kinds of establishments include heavy construction general contractors, and design builders.

The Special Trade Contractors subsector includes establishments engaged in specialized construction activities

such as plumbing, painting, and electrical work. The

activities in this subsector may be subcontracted from

builders or general contractors, or the work may be performed directly for project owners. Special trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the job site,

although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work.

GENERAL

A list of publications that provide statistics on construction, sector 23, follows.

Industry reports. There are 28 separate industry

reports. They present data for a six-digit North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry. A description of the particular NAICS industry may be found in

Appendix B. These reports include statistics such as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value added,

cost of materials, value of business done, and capital

expenditures. Explanations of these and other terms may

be found in Appendix A. The industry reports also include

selected statistics for states.

Geographic area reports. There is a separate report for

each state, the District of Columbia, and the United States.

They present statistics similar to the industry reports for

each state. They also present selected six-digit NAICS level

data.

Subject reports. The Industry series, U.S. Summary, and

Geographic Area series, U.S. Summary, reports present

selected statistics from the individual industry and geographic area reports, as well as higher level aggregations.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The area reports for the construction industries contain

state and regional level data. No substate data are available.

While most of the state data in the industry series

reports are by physical location of the establishment,

some data are available by reported location of the construction work.

The regions are made up of groups of states as follows:

NORTHEAST

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDWEST

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS CONSTRUCTION 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
North Dakota

Ohio

South Dakota

Wisconsin

SOUTH

Alabama

Arkansas

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Mississippi

North Carolina

Oklahoma

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

West Virginia

WEST

Alaska

Arizona

California

Colorado

Hawaii

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Oregon

Utah

Washington

Wyoming

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) had a major impact on the comparability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses. Less

than half of the industries in the construction sector of

NAICS have comparable industries in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that was used for past censuses. Because of the lack of comparable data, historic

data are not shown for this sector.

Lead paint removal and asbestos abatement left the

construction sector with the introduction of NAICS. Many

changes took place within the sector, or from business

activity coming into the sector. Much of the change came

from adding management services to each of the construction industries in the building, developing, and general contracting subsector and the heavy construction subsector. Also, land subdividers and developers, and rental

of construction equipment with an operator were added to

the sector.

Another change is that data for establishments with no

employees are no longer included in the construction

reports, but are available in other report series.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing census

reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are

published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of

establishments classified in a specific industry or geography is not considered a disclosure, and may be released

even when other information is withheld. Suppressed data

are included in higher-level totals.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC

DATA

The County Business Patterns program of the U.S. Census Bureau offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry

within each county and state.

The U.S. Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place contain data related to construction sector census

data. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity. The construction sector census data covers both new construction and maintenance and repair work done by establishments classified

in the construction industries. Significant amounts of construction are done by establishments classified outside of

construction (real estate, manufacturing, utilities, and

communications, for example), as both ‘‘force account’’

construction and construction done for others. In addition,

the C30 series includes construction-related expenses

such as architectural and engineering costs and the costs

of materials supplied by owners which are normally not

reflected in construction sector census data.

Data contained in the 1997 construction sector may

also differ from industry data in Employment and Earnings

Statistics, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and

Statistics of Income, published by the Internal Revenue

Service. These differences arise from varying definitions of

scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

6 CONSTRUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Table 1. Employment Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. * Indicates geographic change, but not applicable to this sector. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols,

see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Location of establishment

Number of employees Number of construction workers Payroll

(thousand dollars)

Number of estab~ lishments AllCon~ struction

workers

Januaryto MarchApril to JuneJuly

to September

Octoberto December

All employeesConstruction workers

Relative

standard

error of

estimate

(percent) for columnm

A B C D E F G H IB

United States 656 448 .................. 5 664 853 4 332 737 3 974 166 4 357 708 4 603 709 4 395 365 174 184 608 119 676 792 Z

Alabama 9 586 ............................... 95 218 74 875 73 503 76 128 75 916 73 953 2 475 748 1 713 248 1 Alaska 2 034 ................................. 14 114 10 762 7 639 11 253 14 199 9 958 565 015 417 999 2 Arizona 11 058 ................................ 131 871 102 056 97 673 101 321 105 441 103 791 3 621 170 2 435 271 1 Arkansas 5 457 .............................. 42 033 33 202 30 941 34 277 35 043 32 546 982 804 692 563 3 California 60 162 .............................. 561 338 429 954 400 516 423 417 452 727 443 155 19 147 668 13 167 033 Z Colorado 14 681 .............................. 125 228 94 902 88 467 95 387 101 296 94 459 3 807 924 2 562 031 1 Connecticut 9 057 ............................ 63 935 44 625 38 177 46 589 48 781 44 954 2 246 746 1 402 553 1 Delaware 2 294 .............................. 20 421 15 789 14 727 15 987 16 346 16 096 632 959 439 469 2 District of Columbia 310 ..................... 6 356 4 512 4 319 4 609 4 719 4 400 240 245 155 121 2 Florida 36 608 ................................ 324 844 234 856 228 123 231 987 240 199 239 112 8 802 536 5 472 823 1

Georgia 17 896 ............................... 163 981 124 312 119 438 123 495 128 406 125 909 4 687 527 3 038 924 1 Hawaii* 2 335 ................................ 21 791 15 195 15 183 14 946 15 447 15 204 845 169 551 358 1

Idaho 5 360 .................................. 40 535 30 238 26 472 30 612 33 277 30 589 1 131 450 783 763 2

Illinois 27 953 ................................. 240 092 182 269 156 045 186 369 200 677 185 986 8 885 067 6 332 963 1

Indiana 16 000 ................................ 140 520 108 176 98 636 109 443 116 290 108 336 4 344 727 3 117 686 1

Iowa 7 941 .................................. 62 146 49 842 41 747 51 934 55 294 50 391 1 734 112 1 293 483 1

Kansas 7 115 ................................ 61 915 48 985 45 336 50 139 52 168 48 297 1 755 602 1 257 189 1

Kentucky 8 878 .............................. 76 876 60 134 56 920 60 053 62 922 60 642 2 000 656 1 421 471 1

Louisiana 7 812 .............................. 107 773 87 396 83 128 89 112 89 612 87 733 3 033 161 2 276 752 1

Maine 4 249 ................................. 25 157 19 821 16 363 20 412 21 955 20 553 662 422 484 190 2

Maryland 14 525 .............................. 141 469 106 487 100 337 108 189 110 677 106 746 4 367 541 2 887 287 1

Massachusetts 14 959 ......................... 107 813 79 418 68 520 80 124 86 398 82 629 3 868 761 2 585 886 1

Michigan 25 399 ............................... 187 135 144 208 122 908 147 312 159 171 147 441 6 280 542 4 434 269 1

Minnesota 12 993 ............................. 103 200 78 874 63 082 80 389 91 251 80 773 3 603 848 2 573 959 1

Mississippi 4 824 ............................. 47 695 38 545 36 408 38 347 40 325 39 101 1 155 491 829 263 2

Missouri 15 020 ............................... 130 555 102 154 93 827 103 346 109 114 102 327 3 978 052 2 790 581 1

Montana 3 452 ............................... 18 096 14 674 11 243 14 953 17 180 15 321 445 551 339 618 2

Nebraska 5 198 .............................. 40 363 31 376 27 731 32 314 34 170 31 287 1 148 223 774 060 2

Nevada 4 436 ................................ 70 168 56 345 55 114 56 654 57 485 56 126 2 313 444 1 679 730 1

New Hampshire 3 684 ........................ 22 690 17 199 14 488 16 979 19 061 18 266 677 938 456 493 2

New Jersey 22 102 ............................ 143 627 105 760 95 916 107 905 112 491 106 729 5 189 675 3 469 349 1

New Mexico 4 673 ............................ 39 671 31 812 29 798 31 596 33 549 32 306 1 026 789 747 583 2

New York 36 806 .............................. 275 501 203 478 177 295 205 376 221 551 209 692 9 670 049 6 541 266 1

North Carolina 23 990 .......................... 198 367 152 818 148 789 153 269 156 354 152 858 5 177 635 3 473 737 1

North Dakota 2 034 ........................... 15 782 13 102 9 939 13 563 15 640 13 267 408 448 312 241 3

Ohio 26 047 .................................. 224 302 169 028 147 125 172 771 184 187 172 030 7 067 686 4 917 972 1

Oklahoma 6 751 ............................. 50 556 39 225 37 269 38 823 40 514 40 293 1 256 439 864 433 2

Oregon 11 740 ................................ 80 041 61 957 57 061 62 255 66 653 61 860 2 648 954 1 915 582 1

Pennsylvania 27 563 ........................... 230 026 175 589 155 865 177 416 189 925 179 152 7 275 816 5 100 814 1

Rhode Island 3 060 ........................... 17 070 12 144 10 422 12 409 13 251 12 495 551 839 351 639 2

South Carolina 10 430 ......................... 86 200 67 322 65 811 67 484 69 188 66 806 2 113 692 1 459 202 1

South Dakota 2 418 .......................... 14 488 11 663 9 365 11 816 13 491 11 979 355 185 259 029 3

Tennessee 11 417 ............................. 119 458 94 108 89 873 94 171 98 192 94 198 3 360 245 2 260 722 1

Texas 35 315 ................................. 426 765 329 393 315 053 325 455 340 267 336 796 12 398 274 8 243 047 1

Utah 7 288 .................................. 55 801 44 838 41 502 44 695 47 966 45 189 1 578 334 1 159 116 2

Vermont 2 474 ............................... 13 101 10 014 8 328 10 111 11 355 10 264 331 322 230 560 2

Virginia 19 537 ................................ 179 909 138 381 132 992 140 131 142 527 137 876 4 837 442 3 207 757 1

Washington 19 867 ............................ 138 194 105 194 95 985 104 200 113 039 107 553 4 528 500 3 162 745 1

West Virginia 4 506 ........................... 31 312 25 588 23 763 25 421 27 311 25 855 757 335 568 463 4

Wisconsin 14 976 ............................. 115 488 88 817 75 301 91 072 98 012 90 881 3 863 852 2 799 436 1 Wyoming 2 177 .............................. 13 867 11 324 9 706 11 692 12 694 11 203 345 004 265 065 2

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 2. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. * Indicates geographic change, but not applicable to this sector. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols,

see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Location of establishment

Relative

standard

error of

estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Value of construction workNet value of

construction workValue

added

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of construction work subcontracted

out to others

Rental

cost of machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures,

other than land

End~of~year

gross book value of depreciable assets

A B C D E F G HB G

United States 845 543 552 ................... 612 209 024 383 845 728 241 400 736 233 334 544 12 348 423 15 063 943 118 847 360 Z 1

Alabama 12 566 710 ................................ 9 046 988 5 284 048 3 977 748 3 519 722 173 112 242 583 1 897 430 2 4 Alaska 2 406 248 .................................. 1 941 852 1 273 753 717 181 464 397 47 567 63 867 616 045 2 6 Arizona 18 866 478 ................................. 12 761 962 7 721 318 5 289 411 6 104 515 269 213 289 308 1 921 175 1 3 Arkansas 5 143 082 ................................ 3 820 897 2 426 438 1 474 879 1 322 185 73 831 105 609 880 488 4 6 California 93 145 280 ............................... 65 239 520 42 654 680 23 793 284 27 905 760 1 486 710 1 292 227 9 625 589 Z 1 Colorado 19 442 380 ................................ 13 415 567 8 370 715 5 339 392 6 026 813 304 572 328 958 2 450 546 1 3 Connecticut 9 729 275 ............................. 7 082 290 4 600 199 2 584 038 2 646 986 124 383 165 869 1 444 587 1 3 Delaware 3 052 419 ............................... 2 138 927 1 302 071 853 084 913 492 46 004 50 045 420 491 2 4 District of Columbia 1 437 334 ....................... 693 562 388 330 325 701 743 772 13 182 18 034 124 408 1 1 Florida 50 173 812 .................................. 35 101 200 20 927 588 14 891 786 15 072 612 653 341 796 826 6 223 642 1 2

Georgia 28 171 342 ................................. 19 428 580 11 572 985 8 271 516 8 742 762 342 507 476 522 3 576 894 1 3 Hawaii* 3 902 053 ................................. 2 769 537 1 801 322 1 052 870 1 132 516 65 356 48 623 654 661 1 3

Idaho 5 365 105 ................................... 4 239 638 2 916 774 1 430 287 1 125 467 82 784 112 286 963 785 2 4

Illinois 39 447 156 .................................. 28 709 956 18 927 224 10 453 704 10 737 199 585 551 653 106 5 989 383 1 2

Indiana 19 228 112 ................................. 14 819 693 9 241 725 5 928 900 4 408 421 250 029 396 164 2 939 117 1 3

Iowa 7 941 417 .................................... 6 287 595 3 651 785 2 771 505 1 653 822 103 638 221 897 1 849 832 2 6

Kansas 8 762 160 ................................. 6 461 709 3 856 129 2 746 950 2 300 451 115 516 216 289 1 803 254 2 3

Kentucky 9 754 413 ................................ 7 436 441 4 523 159 3 055 088 2 317 973 141 827 186 775 1 643 817 1 3

Louisiana 11 330 553 ............................... 9 212 262 5 845 182 3 523 311 2 118 291 232 435 223 896 1 824 854 1 5

Maine 2 812 253 .................................. 2 241 511 1 380 544 930 220 570 742 49 892 79 993 723 102 2 5

Maryland 20 880 708 ................................ 14 868 714 8 990 380 6 098 110 6 011 994 271 158 306 066 2 667 170 1 2

Massachusetts 20 413 382 .......................... 14 244 382 9 251 150 5 210 904 6 169 001 323 222 325 659 2 371 441 1 4

Michigan 30 400 068 ................................ 21 759 328 13 934 726 8 286 480 8 640 739 434 888 595 612 4 480 504 1 2

Minnesota 18 125 068 ............................... 12 757 527 8 094 350 5 070 175 5 367 541 261 197 376 326 3 179 433 1 4

Mississippi 5 978 215 .............................. 4 508 474 2 663 025 1 970 434 1 469 741 94 776 150 018 1 101 921 3 5

Missouri 18 772 418 ................................ 13 365 359 8 067 303 5 541 924 5 407 060 224 251 343 905 2 852 575 1 3

Montana 2 208 977 ................................ 1 760 810 1 050 516 764 019 448 167 47 244 68 777 517 028 3 9

Nebraska 5 388 615 ............................... 4 302 271 2 597 090 1 784 785 1 086 344 78 076 173 761 1 349 693 2 5

Nevada 11 696 545 ................................. 8 642 004 5 892 242 2 985 504 3 054 541 172 438 201 923 1 471 750 1 3

New Hampshire 3 278 653 .......................... 2 466 827 1 508 547 1 006 322 811 826 49 404 91 183 602 906 2 12

New Jersey 24 512 848 ............................. 18 496 926 12 222 001 6 780 254 6 015 924 351 516 354 159 3 096 657 1 2

New Mexico 4 746 068 ............................. 3 572 722 2 144 161 1 467 631 1 173 346 81 470 92 089 786 478 2 4

New York 43 890 804 ............................... 31 285 872 20 422 778 11 653 096 12 604 931 607 684 595 530 5 049 676 1 2

North Carolina 26 505 734 ........................... 19 343 094 11 580 847 8 149 607 7 162 641 365 787 533 505 4 009 730 1 3

North Dakota 1 802 077 ............................ 1 485 145 894 394 626 893 316 931 43 807 57 994 438 644 2 6

Ohio 33 174 508 .................................... 24 547 928 15 245 234 9 746 237 8 626 581 496 408 565 179 4 647 047 1 2

Oklahoma 6 502 286 ............................... 4 983 168 3 026 992 2 038 521 1 519 118 96 045 129 554 1 045 511 2 4

Oregon 12 948 074 ................................. 9 221 058 5 736 105 3 673 208 3 727 016 221 905 234 443 1 604 629 1 4

Pennsylvania 33 422 994 ............................ 25 074 614 15 966 473 9 809 566 8 348 379 487 656 655 463 5 346 073 1 2

Rhode Island 3 689 781 ............................ 2 539 911 1 675 209 902 134 1 149 870 33 088 60 112 398 348 2 26

South Carolina 10 799 756 ........................... 8 112 732 4 841 701 3 417 406 2 687 024 148 115 184 069 1 510 685 2 3

South Dakota 1 721 029 ............................ 1 336 541 807 139 567 407 384 488 19 205 46 774 415 067 3 6

Tennessee 17 064 150 .............................. 12 169 043 7 133 539 5 268 517 4 895 108 243 726 358 780 2 502 726 1 3

Texas 59 456 720 .................................. 43 113 200 26 666 766 17 058 716 16 343 520 915 207 962 831 7 234 911 1 2

Utah 8 418 197 .................................... 5 892 234 3 637 593 2 360 982 2 525 964 109 505 152 537 1 153 543 2 4

Vermont 1 666 718 ................................ 1 187 556 669 225 548 557 479 162 27 407 36 379 313 393 2 7

Virginia 22 796 778 ................................. 16 655 425 10 131 889 6 902 095 6 141 353 304 849 448 112 3 605 358 1 2

Washington 21 433 496 ............................. 15 360 863 9 818 051 5 946 510 6 072 634 352 425 442 592 2 988 177 1 16

West Virginia 3 022 041 ............................ 2 600 431 1 706 202 978 280 421 611 50 826 108 514 824 810 2 7

Wisconsin 16 627 570 ............................... 12 493 946 8 009 497 4 904 627 4 133 625 239 390 386 682 3 269 586 1 2 Wyoming 1 521 700 ................................ 1 211 224 794 653 470 982 310 476 34 298 56 538 438 793 3 5

8 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Item

Value

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATES

Number of establishments in business during year 656 448 ............ Z

Number of proprietors and working partners 254 713 .................. 1

Total number of employees 5 664 853 ................................. Z

Number of construction workers in March 3 974 166 .................... Z

Number of construction workers in May 4 357 708 ...................... Z

Number of construction workers in August 4 603 709 .................... Z

Number of construction workers in November 4 395 365 ................. Z

Average number of construction workers 4 332 737 ..................... Z

Number of other employees in March 1 332 161 ........................ Z Number of other employees in May 1 319 559 .......................... Z Number of other employees in August 1 341 407 ....................... Z Number of other employees in November 1 335 334 .................... Z Average number of other employees 1 332 116 ........................ Z

Payroll, all employees 174 184 608 ..................................... Z

Payroll, construction workers 119 676 792 ............................. Z

Payroll, other employees 54 507 816 ................................. Z

First~quarter payroll, all employees 37 434 448 .......................... Z

Fringe benefits, all employees 41 422 476 .............................. Z

Legally required expenditures 25 692 444 ............................. Z

Voluntary expenditures 15 730 033 .................................. Z

Value of business done 858 581 056 .................................... Z

Value of construction work 845 543 552 ............................... Z

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 237 691 136 ... Z

Other business receipts 13 037 464 .................................. 1

Net value of construction 612 209 024 ................................... Z

Value added 383 845 728 .............................................. Z

Selected costs 474 735 296 ............................................ Z Cost of materials, components, and supplies 231 144 048 ............... Z Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 233 334 544 ........ Z Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 10 256 693 ................ Z Cost of electricity 1 740 763 ...................................... 1 Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 514 783 ................ 1 Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 7 452 872 ......................... Z Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 5 335 645 ...... Z Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 2 117 227 ...... 1 Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 548 275 ..................... 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 12 348 423 ........... Z

Rental cost for machinery and equipment 8 637 238 .................. 1

Rental cost for buildings 3 711 185 .................................. 1

Selected purchased services 13 223 140 ............................... Z

Purchased communication services 4 502 956 ....................... Z

Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 830 181 ............. 1

Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 7 890 003 ................ Z

Value of construction work 845 543 552 ................................. Z

Value of construction work on government owned projects 186 164 144 ... Z

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 37 451 064 .... 1

Value of construction work on state and locally owned

projects 148 713 072 ............................................. 1

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 659 379 392 ....... Z

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 108 440 136 ...... Z

Capital expenditures, other than land 15 063 943 ...................... 1

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 4 656 722 ........... 1

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 118 847 360 ........... Z

Depreciation charges during year 12 628 392 ........................... Z

Number of establishments with inventories 173 737 ................... 1 Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 322 485 120 .. Z End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 11 642 726 ........... 1 End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 10 681 842 ........... 1

Number of establishments with no inventories 243 039 ................ 1

Value of construction work for establishments with no

inventories 345 539 520 .............................................. Z

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 239 673 ............ 1 Value of construction work for establishments not reporting

inventories 177 518 896 .............................................. 1

NORTHEAST

Number of establishments in business during year 123 956 ............ Z

Number of proprietors and working partners 41 901 .................. 1

Total number of employees 898 920 ................................. Z

Number of construction workers in March 585 372 .................... Z Number of construction workers in May 677 320 ...................... Z Number of construction workers in August 724 770 .................... Z Number of construction workers in November 684 734 ................. 1

Average number of construction workers 668 049 ..................... Z

Number of other employees in March 229 767 ........................ 1

Number of other employees in May 229 923 .......................... 1

Number of other employees in August 232 823 ....................... 1

Number of other employees in November 230 970 .................... 1

Average number of other employees 230 871 ........................ 1

Payroll, all employees 30 474 568 ..................................... Z

Payroll, construction workers 20 622 748 ............................. Z

Payroll, other employees 9 851 819 ................................. Z

First~quarter payroll, all employees 6 419 363 .......................... 1

Item

Value

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

NORTHEASTmCon.

Fringe benefits, all employees 8 504 914 .............................. Z

Legally required expenditures 4 844 210 ............................. Z

Voluntary expenditures 3 660 705 .................................. 1

Value of business done 145 918 032 .................................... 1

Value of construction work 143 416 704 ............................... 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 38 592 212 ... 1

Other business receipts 2 501 328 .................................. 2

Net value of construction 104 619 888 ................................... 1

Value added 67 696 128 .............................................. 1

Selected costs 78 221 912 ............................................ 1 Cost of materials, components, and supplies 37 793 020 ............... 1 Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 38 796 820 ........ 1 Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 1 632 073 ................ 1 Cost of electricity 304 419 ...................................... 2 Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 75 173 ................ 2 Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 157 905 ......................... 1 Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 858 563 ...... 1 Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 299 342 ...... 1 Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 94 576 ..................... 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 2 054 253 ........... 1

Rental cost for machinery and equipment 1 343 995 .................. 2

Rental cost for buildings 710 258 .................................. 1

Selected purchased services 2 177 347 ............................... 1 Purchased communication services 789 806 ....................... 1 Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 138 574 ............. 3 Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 1 248 968 ................ 1

Value of construction work 143 416 704 ................................. 1

Value of construction work on government owned projects 34 717 380 ... 1

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 5 051 202 .... 2

Value of construction work on state and locally owned

projects 29 666 178 ............................................. 1

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 108 699 328 ....... 1

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 17 693 768 ...... 1

Capital expenditures, other than land 2 364 347 ...................... 1

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 711 932 ........... 3

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 19 346 184 ........... 1

Depreciation charges during year 1 978 199 ........................... 1

Number of establishments with inventories 33 703 ................... 1 Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 52 514 480 .. 1 End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 1 706 398 ........... 3 End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 1 598 332 ........... 2

Number of establishments with no inventories 43 645 ................ 1 Value of construction work for establishments with no

inventories 55 825 148 .............................................. 1

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 46 608 ............ 1

Value of construction work for establishments not reporting

inventories 35 077 080 .............................................. 2

MIDWEST

Number of establishments in business during year 163 093 ............ Z

Number of proprietors and working partners 61 487 .................. 1

Total number of employees 1 335 987 ................................. Z

Number of construction workers in March 891 041 .................... Z Number of construction workers in May 1 050 469 ...................... Z Number of construction workers in August 1 129 468 .................... Z Number of construction workers in November 1 042 996 ................. Z Average number of construction workers 1 028 493 ..................... Z

Number of other employees in March 305 238 ........................ 1

Number of other employees in May 305 657 .......................... 1

Number of other employees in August 311 380 ....................... 1

Number of other employees in November 307 700 .................... 1

Average number of other employees 307 494 ........................ 1

Payroll, all employees 43 425 344 ..................................... Z

Payroll, construction workers 30 862 868 ............................. Z

Payroll, other employees 12 562 474 ................................. Z

First~quarter payroll, all employees 8 822 830 .......................... Z

Fringe benefits, all employees 11 478 627 .............................. Z Legally required expenditures 6 457 249 ............................. Z Voluntary expenditures 5 021 379 .................................. 1

Value of business done 204 819 376 .................................... Z

Value of construction work 201 390 192 ............................... Z

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 56 540 448 ... 1

Other business receipts 3 429 185 .................................. 4

Net value of construction 148 326 992 ................................... Z

Value added 93 326 592 .............................................. Z

Selected costs 111 492 784 ............................................ 1

Cost of materials, components, and supplies 55 878 588 ............... 1

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 53 063 200 ........ 1

Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 2 550 997 ................ 1

Cost of electricity 379 531 ...................................... 1

Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 179 400 ................ 2

Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 853 323 ......................... 1

Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 283 869 ...... 1

Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 569 453 ...... 1

Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 138 743 ..................... 2

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 9

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 3. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Item

Value

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

MIDWESTmCon.

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 2 851 957 ........... 1

Rental cost for machinery and equipment 2 007 131 .................. 1

Rental cost for buildings 844 827 .................................. 1

Selected purchased services 3 308 907 ............................... 1 Purchased communication services 1 016 295 ....................... 1 Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 211 046 ............. 2 Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 2 081 566 ................ 1

Value of construction work 201 390 192 ................................. Z

Value of construction work on government owned projects 44 709 160 ... 1

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 6 921 695 .... 1

Value of construction work on state and locally owned

projects 37 787 464 ............................................. 1

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 156 681 040 ....... 1

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 30 326 418 ...... 1 Capital expenditures, other than land 4 033 691 ...................... 1 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 1 145 974 ........... 1

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 33 214 134 ........... 1

Depreciation charges during year 3 464 739 ........................... 1

Number of establishments with inventories 47 570 ................... 1

Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 89 381 856 .. 1

End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 2 931 657 ........... 3

End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 2 715 776 ........... 3

Number of establishments with no inventories 62 091 ................ 1

Value of construction work for establishments with no

inventories 77 358 400 .............................................. 1

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 53 433 ............ 1 Value of construction work for establishments not reporting

inventories 34 649 936 .............................................. 1

SOUTH

Number of establishments in business during year 220 136 ............ Z

Number of proprietors and working partners 79 032 .................. 1

Total number of employees 2 119 232 ................................. Z

Number of construction workers in March 1 561 394 .................... Z

Number of construction workers in May 1 626 939 ...................... Z

Number of construction workers in August 1 678 519 .................... Z

Number of construction workers in November 1 640 920 ................. Z

Average number of construction workers 1 626 943 ..................... Z

Number of other employees in March 494 098 ........................ Z

Number of other employees in May 486 873 .......................... Z

Number of other employees in August 494 196 ....................... Z

Number of other employees in November 493 989 .................... Z

Average number of other employees 492 289 ........................ Z

Payroll, all employees 58 279 732 ..................................... Z

Payroll, construction workers 39 004 284 ............................. Z

Payroll, other employees 19 275 448 ................................. Z

First~quarter payroll, all employees 13 091 153 .......................... Z

Fringe benefits, all employees 11 399 129 .............................. Z

Legally required expenditures 8 067 675 ............................. Z

Voluntary expenditures 3 331 455 .................................. 1

Value of business done 298 668 864 .................................... Z Value of construction work 294 636 064 ............................... Z Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 78 564 552 ... 1 Other business receipts 4 032 798 .................................. 2

Net value of construction 213 233 136 ................................... Z

Value added 129 011 144 .............................................. Z

Selected costs 169 657 712 ............................................ Z

Cost of materials, components, and supplies 84 550 368 ............... 1

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 81 402 920 ........ 1

Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 3 704 433 ................ 1

Cost of electricity 686 930 ...................................... 2

Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 152 620 ................ 2

Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 2 667 512 ......................... 1

Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 929 516 ...... 1

Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 737 997 ...... 1

Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 197 370 ..................... 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 4 166 727 ........... 1 Rental cost for machinery and equipment 3 011 208 .................. 1 Rental cost for buildings 1 155 519 .................................. 1

Selected purchased services 4 697 157 ............................... 1

Purchased communication services 1 615 227 ....................... 1

Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 304 653 ............. 2

Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 2 777 277 ................ 1

Value of construction work 294 636 064 ................................. Z

Value of construction work on government owned projects 61 938 568 ... 1

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 15 703 294 .... 1

Value of construction work on state and locally owned

projects 46 235 276 ............................................. 1

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 232 697 488 ....... Z

Item

Value

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

SOUTHmCon.

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 37 560 456 ...... 1

Capital expenditures, other than land 5 281 738 ...................... 1

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 1 747 348 ........... 2

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 41 094 844 ........... 1

Depreciation charges during year 4 535 200 ........................... 1

Number of establishments with inventories 53 856 ................... 1

Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 103 597 688 .. 1

End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 4 329 045 ........... 2

End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 3 969 119 ........... 2

Number of establishments with no inventories 80 541 ................ 1 Value of construction work for establishments with no

inventories 125 219 984 .............................................. 1

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 85 739 ............ 1

Value of construction work for establishments not reporting

inventories 65 818 380 .............................................. 1

WEST

Number of establishments in business during year 149 263 ............ Z

Number of proprietors and working partners 72 293 .................. 1

Total number of employees 1 310 714 ................................. Z

Number of construction workers in March 936 359 .................... Z Number of construction workers in May 1 002 980 ...................... Z Number of construction workers in August 1 070 953 .................... Z Number of construction workers in November 1 026 715 ................. Z Average number of construction workers 1 009 252 ..................... Z

Number of other employees in March 303 058 ........................ Z

Number of other employees in May 297 106 .......................... Z

Number of other employees in August 303 009 ....................... Z

Number of other employees in November 302 675 .................... Z

Average number of other employees 301 462 ........................ Z

Payroll, all employees 42 004 972 ..................................... Z

Payroll, construction workers 29 186 894 ............................. Z

Payroll, other employees 12 818 077 ................................. Z

First~quarter payroll, all employees 9 101 101 .......................... Z

Fringe benefits, all employees 10 039 805 .............................. Z

Legally required expenditures 6 323 310 ............................. Z

Voluntary expenditures 3 716 495 .................................. Z

Value of business done 209 174 752 .................................... Z Value of construction work 206 100 592 ............................... Z Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 63 993 916 ... 1

Other business receipts 3 074 153 .................................. 2

Net value of construction 146 028 992 ................................... Z

Value added 93 811 880 .............................................. Z

Selected costs 115 362 872 ............................................ Z

Cost of materials, components, and supplies 52 922 068 ............... Z

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 60 071 612 ........ 1

Cost of selected power, fuels, and lubricants 2 369 191 ................ 1

Cost of electricity 369 883 ...................................... 1

Cost of natural gas and manufactured gas 107 590 ................ 2

Cost of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 774 132 ......................... 1

Cost of on~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 1 263 697 ...... 1

Cost of off~highway use of gasoline and diesel fuel 510 435 ...... 1

Cost of all other fuels and lubricants 117 586 ..................... 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 3 275 486 ........... 1

Rental cost for machinery and equipment 2 274 905 .................. 1

Rental cost for buildings 1 000 581 .................................. 1

Selected purchased services 3 039 728 ............................... 1 Purchased communication services 1 081 629 ....................... 1 Cost of repairs to buildings and other structures 175 908 ............. 2 Cost of repairs to machinery and equipment 1 782 192 ................ 1

Value of construction work 206 100 592 ................................. Z

Value of construction work on government owned projects 44 799 028 ... 1

Value of construction work on federally owned projects 9 774 874 .... 2

Value of construction work on state and locally owned

projects 35 024 156 ............................................. 1

Value of construction work on privately owned projects 161 301 568 ....... Z

Beginning~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 22 859 498 ...... 1

Capital expenditures, other than land 3 384 168 ...................... 2 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 1 051 467 ........... 2

End~of~year gross book value of depreciable assets 25 192 198 ........... 1

Depreciation charges during year 2 650 255 ........................... 1

Number of establishments with inventories 38 607 ................... 1

Value of construction work for establishments with inventories 76 991 096 .. 1

End of 1997, inventories of materials and supplies 2 675 626 ........... 2

End of 1996, inventories of materials and supplies 2 398 616 ........... 2

Number of establishments with no inventories 56 763 ................ 1

Value of construction work for establishments with no

inventories 87 136 000 .............................................. 1

Number of establishments not reporting inventories 53 893 ............ 1

Value of construction work for establishments not reporting

inventories 41 973 504 .............................................. 1

10 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 4. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Employment size class

Relative

standard

error of

estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of estab~ lishments

Total number

of em~ ployeesTotal

payroll

Dollar valueof business doneValue of construction workNet value of

construction workValue

added

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of construction work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G H IB F

UNITED STATES

Total 656 448 ................... 5 664 853 174 184 608 858 581 056 845 543 552 612 209 024 383 845 728 241 400 736 233 334 544 Z Z

Establishments with 1 to 4

employees 409 256 ..................... 762 232 15 406 230 106 557 544 105 143 856 82 240 032 49 585 024 34 068 700 22 903 822 Z 1

Establishments with 5 to 9

employees 123 389 ..................... 789 923 19 209 402 96 797 040 95 321 216 74 545 680 46 457 636 29 563 874 20 775 530 1 1

Establishments with 10 to 19

employees 67 093 ..................... 890 450 25 542 146 117 789 056 116 063 800 88 685 656 55 495 568 34 915 348 27 378 142 1 1

Establishments with 20 to 49

employees 39 806 ..................... 1 179 078 38 568 752 176 116 288 173 513 904 126 671 672 79 552 960 49 721 096 46 842 228 1 1

Establishments with 50 to 99

employees 10 958 ..................... 741 261 26 508 620 126 303 032 124 349 232 86 353 424 54 062 140 34 245 076 37 995 812 1 1

Establishments with 100 to 249

employees 4 717 ..................... 688 240 25 620 702 127 380 248 125 648 232 83 314 696 52 416 140 32 630 574 42 333 536 1 1

Establishments with 250 to 499

employees 914 ..................... 306 004 11 516 013 56 193 544 55 121 620 37 058 052 23 877 742 14 252 235 18 063 570 Z Z

Establishments with 500 to 999

employees 242 ..................... 160 129 6 228 377 31 687 076 31 044 444 20 598 674 13 406 742 7 834 564 10 445 771 Z Z

Establishments with 1,000

employees or more 75 ............. 147 535 5 584 369 19 757 200 19 337 270 12 741 132 8 991 792 4 169 269 6 596 139 Z Z

Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Dollar Value of Business Done

Size Class: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Dollar value size class

Relative

standard

error of

estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

estab~

lishments

Total

number

of em~

ployees

Total

payroll

Dollar value

of

business done

Value of

construction

work

Net value of

construction

work

Value

added

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work

subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G H IB F

UNITED STATES

Total 656 448 ................... 5 664 853 174 184 608 858 581 056 845 543 552 612 209 024 383 845 728 241 400 736 233 334 544 Z Z

Establishments with

value of business done

 less than $25,000 29 127 .............. S S S S S S S SS S

Establishments with

value of business done

 $25,000 to $49,999 37 884 ............. S S S S S S S SS S

Establishments with

value of business done

 $50,000 to $99,999 79 785 ............. 117 939 1 529 196 S S S S S S 2 S

Establishments with

value of business done

 $100,000 to $249,999 166 948 .......... 408 262 6 841 333 27 395 154 27 107 468 24 875 938 16 132 885 9 030 740 S 1 1

Establishments with

value of business done

 $250,000 to $499,999 118 463 .......... 500 198 10 325 607 41 749 636 41 234 828 36 877 732 23 276 192 14 116 352 4 357 095 1 1

Establishments with

value of business done

 $500,000 to $999,999 89 765 .......... 642 336 15 578 351 62 962 584 62 050 532 53 359 228 33 760 920 20 510 356 8 691 306 1 1

Establishments with

value of business done

 $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 75 105 ....... 959 753 27 599 026 116 370 376 114 529 144 94 689 632 59 117 136 37 413 720 19 839 514 1 1 Establishments with

value of business done

 $2,500,000 to $4,999,999 30 250 ....... 733 114 24 031 704 104 410 392 102 717 872 81 919 696 50 707 172 32 905 052 20 798 170 1 1 Establishments with

value of business done

 $5,000,000 to $9,999,999 16 021 ....... 664 812 23 738 930 110 214 360 108 341 280 81 172 904 50 058 408 32 987 578 27 168 372 1 1 Establishments with

value of business done

 $10,000,000 or more 13 101 ........... 1 586 151 64 027 308 387 761 664 381 915 712 232 216 112 146 010 656 92 051 408 149 699 600 Z Z

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 11

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 6. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Location

of Construction Work: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to the geographic location of construction work. Data are not shown for those geographic

locations in which construction work is relatively insignificant. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Geographic location of construction work Value of construction work Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

Total.................................................................. 845 543 552 Z

Construction work done in Alabama ............................................... 11 831 782 2

Construction work done in Alaska ................................................. 2 951 042 2

Construction work done in Arizona ................................................ 19 818 050 1

Construction work done in Arkansas............................................... 5 299 783 5

Construction work done in California .............................................. 91 284 281 Z

Construction work done in Colorado............................................... 18 755 769 1

Construction work done in Connecticut ............................................ 10 203 546 1

Construction work done in Delaware .............................................. 3 512 877 4

Construction work done in District of Columbia...................................... 3 318 660 1

Construction work done in Florida................................................. 51 204 302 1

Construction work done in Georgia................................................ 27 519 944 1

Construction work done in Hawaii ................................................. 4 441 264 1

Construction work done in Idaho .................................................. 4 758 411 2

Construction work done in Illinois ................................................. 39 077 115 1

Construction work done in Indiana ................................................ 19 124 919 2

Construction work done in Iowa................................................... 8 093 296 2

Construction work done in Kansas ................................................ 8 528 799 2

Construction work done in Kentucky............................................... 10 408 841 3

Construction work done in Louisiana .............................................. 11 460 359 1

Construction work done in Maine ................................................. 2 842 765 3

Construction work done in Maryland............................................... 18 340 057 1

Construction work done in Massachusetts ......................................... 19 596 316 1

Construction work done in Michigan ............................................... 30 784 553 1

Construction work done in Minnesota.............................................. 16 355 008 1

Construction work done in Mississippi ............................................. 6 496 741 2

Construction work done in Missouri ............................................... 16 548 981 2

Construction work done in Montana ............................................... 2 297 045 3

Construction work done in Nebraska .............................................. 5 362 569 2

Construction work done in Nevada ................................................ 14 269 800 1

Construction work done in New Hampshire......................................... 3 153 800 3

Construction work done in New Jersey ............................................ 24 307 407 1

Construction work done in New Mexico ............................................ 5 168 233 2

Construction work done in New York .............................................. 44 092 425 2

Construction work done in North Carolina .......................................... 27 795 455 1

Construction work done in North Dakota ........................................... 1 854 198 2

Construction work done in Ohio................................................... 32 568 900 1

Construction work done in Oklahoma.............................................. 6 108 064 2

Construction work done in Oregon ................................................ 13 403 220 1

Construction work done in Pennsylvania ........................................... 31 466 614 1

Construction work done in Rhode Island ........................................... 3 194 386 2

Construction work done in South Carolina.......................................... 12 475 285 2

Construction work done in South Dakota........................................... 2 040 811 3

Construction work done in Tennessee ............................................. 16 581 217 1

Construction work done in Texas ................................................. 59 729 934 1

Construction work done in Utah................................................... 8 167 423 3

Construction work done in Vermont ............................................... 1 471 688 3

Construction work done in Virginia ................................................ 25 126 433 1

Construction work done in Washington ............................................ 21 014 074 1

Construction work done in West Virginia ........................................... 3 735 889 2

Construction work done in Wisconsin.............................................. 15 824 673 1

Construction work done in Wyoming............................................... 1 776 595 3

12 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Area and

Type of Construction: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

UNITED STATES

Total 845 543 552 .................................................... 541 833 012 199 503 366 95 552 166 Z Z Z 1

Building construction, total 667 892 335 ................................. 441 085 796 160 098 787 66 707 752 Z Z Z 1

Single~family houses, detached and attached 238 301 608 ......................... 179 325 838 38 743 071 20 232 700 1 1 1 1

Single~family houses, detached 208 636 594 ................................... 157 912 589 33 607 561 17 116 443 1 1 1 1

Single~family houses, attached 29 665 014 .................................... 21 413 248 5 135 510 3 116 256 1 1 2 2

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 35 912 059 .... 23 549 029 7 294 218 5 068 813 1 2 2 2

All other residential buildings 1 450 935 ........................................ 879 677 409 889 161 370 4 3 8 12

Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 64 026 464 ........................... 33 796 938 18 857 654 11 371 872 1 1 1 1

Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 20 252 089 ......................... 13 494 830 4 676 949 2 080 311 2 2 2 2

Hotels and motels 17 209 304 ................................................. 12 623 672 3 254 698 1 330 934 1 1 4 4

Office buildings 80 588 781 .................................................... 44 449 862 27 694 812 8 444 108 1 1 1 1

All other commercial buildings, nec 69 545 794 .................................. 43 566 415 18 638 395 7 340 984 1 1 1 2

Commercial warehouses 16 628 141 ........................................... 11 912 121 3 298 378 1 417 642 2 2 4 3

Religious buildings 9 400 127 ................................................. 5 343 590 2 969 442 1 087 095 2 2 2 3

Educational buildings 46 826 417 .............................................. 28 102 206 15 751 455 2 972 756 1 2 1 2

Health care and institutional buildings 33 942 469 ................................ 19 754 714 11 763 387 2 424 369 1 1 1 2

Public safety buildings 10 119 930 ............................................. 7 346 218 2 200 704 573 008 1 1 3 3

Farm buildings, nonresidential 3 473 574 ....................................... 2 508 098 530 901 434 575 4 4 6 5

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 10 429 599 ........................ 7 893 895 2 073 509 462 196 1 1 5 5

Other building construction 9 785 043 ......................................... 6 538 695 1 941 327 1 305 021 2 2 4 4

Nonbuilding construction, total 168 996 209 ............................. 100 747 216 39 404 579 28 844 413 Z 1 1 1

Highways, streets, and related work 49 304 103 ................................. 25 570 349 15 598 033 8 135 720 1 1 1 2

Airport runways and related work 1 947 184 .................................... 1 021 618 717 990 207 577 6 9 5 7

Private driveways and parking areas 9 774 722 ................................. 5 599 184 2 073 402 2 102 136 2 3 6 4

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 12 486 792 ............................. 7 835 212 3 537 801 1 113 779 1 2 2 4

Bridges and elevated highways 10 227 901 .................................... 6 022 682 3 223 905 981 314 2 2 2 3

Tunnels ........................................................ 2 258 891 1 812 530 313 896 132 465 2 2 2 19

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 23 818 434 ............................ 17 567 736 3 632 776 2 617 922 2 2 4 4

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 13 522 245 ............ 10 003 779 2 224 809 1 293 657 2 2 4 4

Water mains and related facilities 10 296 189 .................................. 7 563 957 1 407 967 1 324 265 2 2 5 6

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 6 350 283 ................... 3 915 667 1 171 766 1 262 850 3 3 4 5

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and related

facilities ......................................................... 13 111 959 8 226 081 2 608 115 2 277 763 2 2 4 5

Power plants 4 515 905 ...................................................... 1 975 869 804 383 1 735 653 2 1 2 5

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 3 382 836 ................. 1 324 325 649 117 1 409 394 1 1 1 1

Power plants, hydroelectric 1 133 069 ....................................... 651 544 155 266 326 259 8 3 7 25

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc 10 618 146 ........... 3 903 304 2 120 426 4 594 417 1 2 1 1

Sewage and water treatment plants 9 670 782 .................................. 6 139 478 2 989 494 541 809 2 2 4 4

Sewage treatment plants 5 215 389 ......................................... 3 215 116 1 707 411 292 862 3 2 6 5

Water treatment plants 4 455 392 ........................................... 2 924 362 1 282 083 248 947 3 4 3 5

Mass transit construction 2 904 305 ........................................... 1 698 944 710 531 494 829 3 4 4 6

Urban mass transit construction 1 266 643 ................................... 857 069 301 231 108 343 1 1 2 3 Railroad construction 1 637 662 ............................................ 841 875 409 301 386 486 6 8 7 8 Conservation and development construction 3 431 824 .......................... 2 487 509 424 100 520 215 3 4 6 10 Dam and reservoir construction 938 805 ..................................... 746 106 98 226 94 473 5 4 18 9 Dry/solid waste disposal 1 319 655 ............................................ 896 826 265 474 157 355 4 4 4 13 Harbor and port facilities 894 744 ........................................... 655 189 162 696 76 859 5 6 7 11 Marine construction 2 397 679 ................................................ 1 250 811 389 426 757 443 3 3 3 7 Outdoor swimming pools 3 223 519 ........................................... 2 495 059 345 186 383 274 3 3 7 8 Water storage facilities 947 680 ............................................. 605 164 84 732 257 783 8 12 9 6 Tank storage facilities other than water 863 577 ............................... 458 145 138 256 267 175 4 4 11 10 Fencing .......................................................... 2 504 583 1 849 077 367 707 287 799 2 2 3 4 Recreational facilities 2 998 792 .............................................. 2 305 369 471 660 221 762 5 5 8 10

Billboards ........................................................ 50 759 47 616 D D 27 29 D D

Heavy military construction 37 497 ......................................... 31 519 D D 1 1 D D

Ships ............................................................ 308 475 125 829 44 165 138 481 7 1 4 15

Oilfields .......................................................... 422 595 186 429 63 495 172 671 12 7 10 26

Other nonbuilding construction, nec 4 153 411 .................................. 3 153 125 577 795 422 490 2 2 4 7

Construction work, nsk 8 654 822 ..................................... X X X1XX X

Northeast

Total 143 416 704 .................................................... 75 709 031 47 225 147 19 002 125 1 1 1 1

Building construction, total 114 550 714 ................................. 61 638 403 38 682 611 14 229 699 1 1 1 1

Single~family houses, detached and attached 33 390 774 ......................... 21 353 228 8 110 557 3 926 988 2 2 3 3

Single~family houses, detached 29 304 397 ................................... 18 772 133 7 165 276 3 366 988 2 3 3 3

Single~family houses, attached 4 086 377 .................................... 2 581 095 945 281 560 000 2 3 3 5

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 6 792 548 .... 3 020 707 2 338 623 1 433 218 2 3 4 4

All other residential buildings 194 851 ........................................ 96 982 61 320 36 550 7 11 6 20

Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 10 582 581 ........................... 4 601 673 3 964 725 2 016 184 2 2 2 3

Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 3 034 256 ......................... 1 725 600 918 682 389 974 3 4 4 4

Hotels and motels 2 905 562 ................................................. 2 118 378 552 064 235 121 1 1 4 4

Office buildings 18 254 802 .................................................... 7 394 081 8 494 958 2 365 764 1 1 2 3

All other commercial buildings, nec 12 565 856 .................................. 6 637 924 4 331 737 1 596 195 2 2 4 4

Commercial warehouses 2 400 908 ........................................... 1 499 852 648 143 252 913 3 4 7 6

Religious buildings 1 348 655 ................................................. 530 739 539 552 278 365 3 4 4 6

Educational buildings 9 726 636 .............................................. 4 946 851 4 114 060 665 725 2 2 2 3

Health care and institutional buildings 7 175 532 ................................ 3 598 754 3 033 203 543 575 2 2 2 6

Public safety buildings 2 134 622 ............................................. 1 386 588 593 033 155 002 3 4 6 6

Farm buildings, nonresidential 297 071 ....................................... 180 313 S 63 762 8 11 S 10

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 1 941 746 ........................ 1 365 768 474 866 101 112 5 2 17 14

Other building construction 1 804 313 ......................................... 1 180 965 454 095 169 253 6 5 15 15

Nonbuilding construction, total 27 385 590 ............................. 14 070 628 8 542 536 4 772 426 1 1 2 2

Highways, streets, and related work 7 708 988 ................................. 3 305 176 3 000 475 1 403 337 2 3 3 5

Airport runways and related work 292 652 .................................... 158 123 107 196 27 333 7 12 9 6

Private driveways and parking areas 1 562 938 ................................. 847 299 373 805 341 834 6 6 9 12

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 3 376 769 ............................. 1 451 905 1 550 901 373 962 2 3 2 6

Bridges and elevated highways 2 417 211 .................................... 767 510 1 340 178 309 524 3 5 3 2

Tunnels ........................................................ 959 558 684 396 210 724 64 439 3 1 2 37

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 3 320 057 ............................ 2 038 978 738 570 542 509 3 4 6 6

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 1 880 996 ............ 1 223 603 428 244 229 149 3 4 6 8

Water mains and related facilities 1 439 061 .................................. 815 375 310 326 313 359 4 4 12 6 Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 844 956 ................... 493 353 195 477 156 127 8 11 13 7

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 13

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Area and

Type of Construction: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

UNITED STATESmCon.

NortheastmCon.

Nonbuilding construction, totalmCon.

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and related

facilities ......................................................... 1 910 778 1 140 980 437 242 332 556 4 5 6 5

Power plants...................................................... 893 975 212 785 111 440 569 750 1 2 3 1

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 809 818 ................. 191 397 92 667 525 753 1 1 3 1

Power plants, hydroelectric 84 157 ....................................... 21 387 18 773 43 997 7 11 5 10

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc 1 129 132 ........... 532 681 271 609 324 842 5 9 3 3

Sewage and water treatment plants 1 860 256 .................................. 1 001 553 764 050 94 654 7 9 8 11

Sewage treatment plants 938 433 ......................................... 477 514 418 182 42 737 7 7 13 13

Water treatment plants 921 823 ........................................... 524 039 345 868 51 916 9 15 5 13

Mass transit construction 1 095 879 ........................................... 620 713 391 945 83 221 3 3 6 9

Urban mass transit construction 647 551 ................................... 352 085 239 894 55 572 2 3 2 1

Railroad construction 448 328 ............................................ 268 628 152 051 27 649 8 6 15 27

Conservation and development construction 383 931 .......................... 286 650 52 934 44 347 10 11 15 9

Dam and reservoir construction 79 712 ..................................... 49 312 13 396 s17 004 35 36 32 40

Dry/solid waste disposal 369 323 ............................................ 228 020 79 450 61 853 4 1 1 23

Harbor and port facilities 97 480 ........................................... 36 461 31 568 29 451 10 10 10 25

Marine construction 255 647 ................................................ 191 631 28 858 35 158 6 6 13 20

Outdoor swimming pools 456 891 ........................................... 349 760 44 066 63 065 6 7 7 7

Water storage facilities S ............................................. S 18 468 31 453 S S 39 22

Tank storage facilities other than water 136 395 ............................... 37 529 29 356 69 509 13 14 14 21

Fencing .......................................................... 414 719 309 861 53 304 51 554 4 4 7 6

Recreational facilities 357 054 .............................................. 214 846 100 045 42 163 10 10 19 32

Heavy military construction D ......................................... D – –DD – –

Ships ............................................................ D D S s1 141 D D S 54

Oilfields s .......................................................... 10 558 s7 116 1 793 s1 649 42 58 31 41

Other nonbuilding construction, nec 667 600 .................................. 449 695 143 953 73 952 5 4 6 27

Construction work, nsk 1 480 411 ..................................... X X X3XX X

Midwest

Total 201 390 192 .................................................... 124 956 257 50 118 484 24 741 831 Z 1 1 1

Building construction, total 158 651 020 ................................. 101 737 168 39 706 572 17 207 280 1 1 1 1

Single~family houses, detached and attached 53 833 933 ......................... 38 958 807 9 656 226 5 218 899 1 1 1 2

Single~family houses, detached 45 147 441 ................................... 32 478 358 8 219 880 4 449 202 1 1 2 2

Single~family houses, attached 8 686 491 .................................... 6 480 448 1 436 346 769 697 3 3 4 5

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 7 209 912 .... 4 935 375 1 317 092 957 444 2 3 3 3

All other residential buildings 244 676 ........................................ 144 642 75 448 24 586 11 14 21 14

Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 20 345 765 ........................... 9 903 563 6 734 854 3 707 348 1 1 1 2

Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 6 825 379 ......................... 4 550 954 1 615 813 658 612 4 5 3 3

Hotels and motels 3 084 878 ................................................. 2 277 278 505 195 302 405 6 3 16 13

Office buildings 15 997 117 .................................................... 9 507 477 4 824 179 1 665 460 2 3 2 2

All other commercial buildings, nec 16 070 258 .................................. 9 829 218 4 397 665 1 843 375 1 2 2 3

Commercial warehouses 4 078 833 ........................................... 2 878 960 804 428 395 445 2 2 4 5

Religious buildings 2 571 423 ................................................. 1 357 789 879 028 334 606 2 3 3 6

Educational buildings 11 876 924 .............................................. 6 844 123 4 204 103 828 697 2 3 2 3

Health care and institutional buildings 9 171 992 ................................ 5 303 575 3 162 981 705 437 1 1 2 3

Public safety buildings 2 189 952 ............................................. 1 519 131 521 041 149 781 2 2 5 3

Farm buildings, nonresidential 1 558 036 ....................................... 1 148 443 224 798 184 796 5 5 10 7

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 1 918 469 ........................ 1 400 700 425 435 92 333 2 2 4 6

Other building construction 1 673 473 ......................................... 1 177 131 358 286 138 056 4 5 6 16

Nonbuilding construction, total 41 165 552 ............................. 23 219 090 10 411 912 7 534 550 1 1 2 3

Highways, streets, and related work 13 128 681 ................................. 6 230 032 4 428 235 2 470 414 2 3 3 5

Airport runways and related work 530 709 .................................... 308 515 176 363 45 831 11 14 11 20

Private driveways and parking areas 3 170 991 ................................. 1 765 960 699 929 705 102 5 6 7 7

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 3 205 355 ............................. 1 976 108 865 843 363 404 2 3 2 3

Bridges and elevated highways 2 842 217 .................................... 1 672 168 828 614 341 435 2 3 2 3

Tunnels ........................................................ 363 138 303 940 37 229 21 969 7 7 8 23

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 6 451 305 ............................ 4 672 694 1 049 384 729 226 3 3 6 11

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 3 843 462 ............ 2 826 498 658 113 358 852 3 3 6 8

Water mains and related facilities 2 607 842 .................................. 1 846 197 391 272 370 374 4 4 8 19

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 1 081 620 ................... 534 709 185 964 360 946 7 5 14 15

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and related

facilities ......................................................... 3 143 134 1 898 031 739 186 505 917 7 5 9 20

Power plants...................................................... 758 220 248 272 186 630 323 318 1 2 1 1

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 651 028 ................. 204 084 163 799 283 145 1 3 1 1

Power plants, hydroelectric 107 192 ....................................... 44 188 22 831 40 174 4 4 7 8

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc 1 867 620 ........... 465 581 474 722 927 318 1 2 3 1

Sewage and water treatment plants 2 736 764 .................................. 1 811 497 777 525 147 741 2 2 8 7

Sewage treatment plants 1 466 665 ......................................... 923 565 453 999 89 101 4 2 11 10

Water treatment plants 1 270 099 ........................................... 887 932 323 526 58 640 2 3 5 6

Mass transit construction 643 739 ........................................... 323 881 161 988 157 871 4 3 6 6

Urban mass transit construction 80 237 ................................... 53 681 S 903 3 Z S 2

Railroad construction 563 501 ............................................ 270 200 136 334 156 968 5 4 7 6

Conservation and development construction 762 550 .......................... 530 806 123 540 108 203 8 9 14 15

Dam and reservoir construction 78 977 ..................................... 40 902 s27 707 10 369 23 19 55 23

Dry/solid waste disposal 266 835 ............................................ 174 580 60 343 31 912 8 11 17 3

Harbor and port facilities 48 660 ........................................... 35 786 6 953 S 31 39 11 S

Marine construction 564 034 ................................................ 244 332 34 570 285 132 3 4 10 5

Outdoor swimming pools 319 601 ........................................... 232 726 43 928 42 946 10 9 23 13

Water storage facilities 269 738 ............................................. 185 489 25 225 59 023 8 10 10 11

Tank storage facilities other than water 174 022 ............................... 88 778 27 297 57 947 13 11 15 33

Fencing .......................................................... 431 277 325 803 58 346 47 128 5 5 7 6

Recreational facilities 664 080 .............................................. 517 661 100 670 45 749 9 10 9 12

Billboards ........................................................ 42 710 D – D 32 D – D

Heavy military construction D ......................................... – D –D –D –

Ships ............................................................ D D D DDDD D

Oilfields .......................................................... 43 163 s22 098 4 364 s16 701 37 43 37 47 Other nonbuilding construction, nec 762 532 .................................. 525 880 152 448 84 204 3 2 6 11

Construction work, nsk 1 573 533 ..................................... X X X2XX X

14 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Area and

Type of Construction: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

UNITED STATESmCon.

South

Total 294 636 064 .................................................... 199 777 758 58 845 487 32 962 825 Z 1 1 1

Building construction, total 229 801 000 ................................. 161 014 229 46 788 740 21 998 031 Z 1 1 1

Single~family houses, detached and attached 83 894 701 ......................... 66 017 870 11 198 818 6 678 013 1 1 2 3

Single~family houses, detached 74 615 340 ................................... 59 110 291 9 817 716 5 687 334 1 1 2 3

Single~family houses, attached 9 279 361 .................................... 6 907 580 1 381 101 990 679 2 2 4 4

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 13 425 146 .... 9 679 705 2 136 636 1 608 805 3 4 5 4

All other residential buildings 553 268 ........................................ 373 872 123 283 56 113 6 4 14 21

Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 19 050 234 ........................... 10 219 135 4 779 694 4 051 405 1 1 2 2

Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 6 064 446 ......................... 4 231 672 1 212 149 620 625 3 3 3 5

Hotels and motels 5 781 393 ................................................. 4 202 038 1 136 776 442 579 3 2 8 4

Office buildings 27 062 275 .................................................... 16 141 975 8 233 658 2 686 642 1 1 2 2

All other commercial buildings, nec 24 678 078 .................................. 16 771 875 5 509 675 2 396 528 2 2 3 3

Commercial warehouses 5 627 487 ........................................... 4 150 277 1 027 871 449 339 4 4 8 7

Religious buildings 4 156 019 ................................................. 2 722 947 1 106 427 326 645 3 4 4 4

Educational buildings 15 749 219 .............................................. 10 556 575 4 348 666 843 977 3 4 2 4

Health care and institutional buildings 12 010 633 ................................ 7 409 749 3 852 706 748 178 1 1 2 4

Public safety buildings 3 484 524 ............................................. 2 665 738 660 353 158 433 3 3 5 6

Farm buildings, nonresidential 1 084 727 ....................................... 798 042 164 109 122 575 10 11 14 14

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 3 567 082 ........................ 2 777 176 625 841 164 064 2 2 6 5

Other building construction 3 611 768 ......................................... 2 295 582 672 077 644 109 3 4 4 4

Nonbuilding construction, total 61 785 070 ............................. 38 763 529 12 056 747 10 964 794 1 1 2 2

Highways, streets, and related work 16 823 857 ................................. 10 086 131 4 403 890 2 333 836 2 2 3 4

Airport runways and related work 546 301 .................................... 267 695 209 526 69 079 15 27 7 13

Private driveways and parking areas 3 197 795 ................................. 1 912 353 680 872 604 570 4 3 15 5

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 3 393 877 ............................. 2 505 754 625 237 262 886 3 3 5 11

Bridges and elevated highways 2 826 353 .................................... 1 994 396 599 824 232 133 4 4 5 13

Tunnels ........................................................ 567 524 511 358 25 412 30 753 4 4 20 15

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 8 046 921 ............................ 6 178 321 1 050 607 817 993 3 3 9 6

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 4 693 029 ............ 3 589 829 638 430 464 770 4 4 11 8

Water mains and related facilities 3 353 891 .................................. 2 588 491 412 178 353 222 3 4 10 7

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 2 909 335 ................... 1 981 083 454 555 473 697 4 4 5 6

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and related

facilities ......................................................... 4 882 809 3 142 211 875 491 865 107 3 3 6 4

Power plants 1 845 665 ...................................................... 785 014 397 869 662 782 5 2 2 12

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 1 463 691 ................. 689 745 321 437 452 509 1 1 2 1

Power plants, hydroelectric 381 974 ....................................... 95 269 76 432 210 273 22 12 2 39

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc 6 561 404 ........... 2 505 260 1 184 239 2 871 905 1 2 2 2

Sewage and water treatment plants 2 674 956 .................................. 1 662 297 840 524 172 136 5 5 8 10

Sewage treatment plants 1 534 988 ......................................... 921 193 524 507 89 287 5 4 12 12

Water treatment plants 1 139 968 ........................................... 741 103 316 017 82 849 7 10 5 12

Mass transit construction 643 109 ........................................... 336 952 88 565 217 592 13 18 15 12

Urban mass transit construction 170 514 ................................... 108 961 17 205 44 348 5 5 17 2

Railroad construction 472 595 ............................................ 227 991 71 361 173 244 17 27 18 16

Conservation and development construction 1 479 054 .......................... 1 129 907 130 648 218 500 6 6 9 19

Dam and reservoir construction 184 193 ..................................... 143 688 12 074 28 432 10 13 32 3

Dry/solid waste disposal 428 710 ............................................ 337 587 55 539 35 583 9 10 5 39

Harbor and port facilities 304 231 ........................................... 233 772 47 744 22 715 11 13 19 13

Marine construction 1 214 115 ................................................ 614 515 225 914 373 687 5 5 5 13

Outdoor swimming pools 1 433 749 ........................................... 1 103 619 155 532 174 598 5 5 13 16

Water storage facilities 357 523 ............................................. 231 078 10 988 115 456 20 30 20 11

Tank storage facilities other than water 406 541 ............................... 269 653 33 161 103 726 4 4 7 7

Fencing .......................................................... 874 931 623 265 159 861 91 805 4 4 4 6

Recreational facilities 1 334 739 .............................................. 1 051 461 200 959 82 320 9 9 14 17

Billboards ........................................................ D D D 382 D D D 27

Heavy military construction D ......................................... D D –DDD –

Ships ............................................................ 203 912 96 875 27 818 79 218 5 1 2 14

Oilfields .......................................................... 284 152 126 942 38 681 118 529 16 6 7 37

Other nonbuilding construction, nec 1 733 348 .................................. 1 420 240 144 850 168 259 3 3 8 9

Construction work, nsk 3 049 871 ..................................... X X X3XX X

West

Total 206 100 592 .................................................... 141 389 966 43 314 248 18 845 385 Z Z 1 1

Building construction, total 164 889 602 ................................. 116 695 996 34 920 864 13 272 741 Z Z 1 1

Single~family houses, detached and attached 67 182 200 ......................... 52 995 932 9 777 470 4 408 799 1 1 2 2

Single~family houses, detached 59 569 415 ................................... 47 551 807 8 404 689 3 612 919 1 1 2 3

Single~family houses, attached 7 612 785 .................................... 5 444 124 1 372 781 795 880 2 3 4 5

Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums and cooperatives 8 484 453 .... 5 913 242 1 501 866 1 069 345 2 2 3 3

All other residential buildings 458 140 ........................................ 264 182 149 837 44 121 6 3 14 30

Manufacturing and light industrial buildings 14 047 884 ........................... 9 072 567 3 378 382 1 596 935 1 1 2 4

Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses 4 328 009 ......................... 2 986 604 930 304 411 100 2 2 3 5

Hotels and motels 5 437 471 ................................................. 4 025 979 1 060 663 350 829 2 2 3 5

Office buildings 19 274 587 .................................................... 11 406 329 6 142 017 1 726 242 1 1 2 3

All other commercial buildings, nec 16 231 602 .................................. 10 327 398 4 399 318 1 504 887 2 2 3 3

Commercial warehouses 4 520 913 ........................................... 3 383 032 817 936 319 946 5 4 12 5

Religious buildings 1 324 029 ................................................. 732 114 444 436 147 479 4 5 3 6

Educational buildings 9 473 638 .............................................. 5 754 656 3 084 625 634 357 2 2 4 6

Health care and institutional buildings 5 584 312 ................................ 3 442 635 1 714 497 427 179 2 2 3 5

Public safety buildings 2 310 831 ............................................. 1 774 761 426 278 109 792 2 2 8 8

Farm buildings, nonresidential 533 740 ....................................... 381 300 88 999 63 441 8 9 12 12

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings 3 002 303 ........................ 2 350 250 547 366 104 687 1 1 5 13

Other building construction 2 695 489 ......................................... 1 885 017 456 870 353 602 3 4 6 5

Nonbuilding construction, total 38 659 997 ............................. 24 693 970 8 393 384 5 572 643 1 1 2 2 Highways, streets, and related work 11 642 577 ................................. 5 949 010 3 765 434 1 928 133 2 2 3 4 Airport runways and related work 577 522 .................................... 287 284 224 905 65 333 7 10 13 8

Private driveways and parking areas 1 842 998 ................................. 1 073 572 318 797 450 629 3 4 7 6

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 2 510 792 ............................. 1 901 445 495 820 113 526 3 3 6 7

Bridges and elevated highways 2 142 120 .................................... 1 588 608 455 289 98 223 3 3 7 8

Tunnels ........................................................ 368 671 312 837 40 531 15 304 2 2 3 8

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 6 000 152 ............................ 4 677 743 794 214 528 195 3 3 7 6

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 3 104 757 ............ 2 363 849 500 023 240 885 4 4 10 7

Water mains and related facilities 2 895 395 .................................. 2 313 894 294 191 287 310 3 3 5 9

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 15

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Geographic Area and

Type of Construction: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

UNITED STATESmCon.

WestmCon.

Nonbuilding construction, totalmCon.

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 1 514 372 ................... 906 522 335 770 272 080 3 3 7 8

Power and communication transmission lines, cables, towers, and related

facilities ......................................................... 3 175 237 2 044 859 556 196 574 182 3 4 3 4

Power plants 1 018 045 ...................................................... 729 798 108 444 179 802 3 2 11 11

Power and cogeneration plants, except hydroelectric 458 300 ................. 239 098 71 214 147 988 5 3 7 12

Power plants, hydroelectric 559 745 ....................................... 490 700 37 231 31 814 4 3 28 31

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc 1 059 990 ........... 399 782 189 856 470 352 4 5 5 4

Sewage and water treatment plants 2 398 805 .................................. 1 664 131 607 396 127 278 3 4 7 6

Sewage treatment plants 1 275 303 ......................................... 892 843 310 723 71 737 5 5 9 8

Water treatment plants 1 123 502 ........................................... 771 288 296 673 55 541 3 3 8 9

Mass transit construction 521 578 ........................................... 417 399 68 034 36 146 1 1 2 8

Urban mass transit construction 368 341 ................................... 342 342 18 478 7 520 1 Z 1 37

Railroad construction 153 238 ............................................ 75 056 49 555 28 626 4 7 3 2

Conservation and development construction 806 289 .......................... 540 147 116 977 149 165 6 6 12 20

Dam and reservoir construction 595 922 ..................................... 512 205 45 050 38 668 4 3 15 14

Dry/solid waste disposal 254 787 ............................................ 156 638 70 142 28 006 3 2 6 18

Harbor and port facilities 444 372 ........................................... 349 169 76 431 18 772 5 5 6 16

Marine construction 363 883 ................................................ 200 333 100 084 63 466 6 6 5 13

Outdoor swimming pools 1 013 278 ........................................... 808 954 101 659 102 664 4 5 8 11

Water storage facilities 174 093 ............................................. 92 191 30 051 51 851 4 5 2 6

Tank storage facilities other than water 146 620 ............................... 62 185 48 442 35 993 11 7 28 18

Fencing .......................................................... 783 655 590 147 96 196 97 312 4 4 7 8

Recreational facilities 642 918 .............................................. 521 401 69 986 51 531 6 6 13 15

Billboards ........................................................ D D D –DDD –

Heavy military construction D ......................................... D D DDDD D

Ships ............................................................ 80 379 D D D 22 D D D

Oilfields .......................................................... 84 722 30 273 18 657 35 792 14 19 29 17

Other nonbuilding construction, nec 989 930 .................................. 757 311 136 544 96 075 3 3 8 11

Construction work, nsk 2 551 008 ..................................... X X X3XX X

16 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATES

Total................................................................................................ 858 581 056 Z

Building, developing, and general contracting, total...................................................... 376 597 721 Z

Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 214 627 258 .................................. 1

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale .............................................................. 70 901 074 1

Construction managementmbuildings ........................................................................... 24 325 131 1

Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder ................................................................ 52 323 550 1

Subdividing/developing land owned by you into lots for sale ........................................................ 14 420 708 1

Heavy construction, total............................................................................... 127 604 542 Z

Blasting contractor, except building demolition .................................................................... 350 059 13

Cable and conduit laying contractor ............................................................................. 4 616 137 3

Construction managementmheavy construction .................................................................. 2 237 555 4

Dredging contractor ........................................................................................... 862 484 6

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 12 557 758 ................................ 2

Heavy construction contractor .................................................................................. 55 818 577 1

Highway and street general contractor........................................................................... 30 055 689 1

Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 16 156 257 ...................................... 2

Pile driving contractor ......................................................................................... 1 072 855 7

Pipe jacking/microtunneling contractor........................................................................... S S

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, with an operator ........................................... 2 821 763 3

Trenching contractor .......................................................................................... 831 831 6

Special trade contractors, total ......................................................................... 336 274 202 Z

Acoustical contractor .......................................................................................... 2 431 013 3

Antenna contractor, except household type ...................................................................... 106 167 14

Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts .............................................. 2 222 050 4

Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas ........................................................... 5 708 990 3

Bridge painting contractor...................................................................................... 264 016 4

Building sprinkler system installation contractor ................................................................... 4 090 824 3

Cable television contractor ..................................................................................... 609 331 15

Carpentry contractor .......................................................................................... 12 620 978 2

Carpet laying or removal contractor ............................................................................. 3 229 692 2

Computer flooring installation contractor ......................................................................... 232 852 6

Concrete breaking and cutting contractor ........................................................................ 306 818 5

Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets ................................................. 13 099 166 1

Culvert and curb contractor .................................................................................... 1 388 660 4

Curtain wall installation contractor............................................................................... 763 264 3

Dismantling steel oil tanks contractor, except oil field work ......................................................... 139 014 17

Drywall contractor............................................................................................. 11 332 063 2

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting .................................................. 44 530 541 1

Electronic control systems installation and service, except environmental control 3 040 856 ...................................... 3

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor ................................................................ 4 046 929 1

Energy management contractor ................................................................................ 651 984 9

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor ................................................... 1 989 624 4

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor ............................................................... 318 953 1 Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 13 179 745 ................................... 2 Fence construction contractor .................................................................................. 2 914 375 2 Fire and security systems installation and service ................................................................. 4 083 863 3 Flooring contractor, wood ...................................................................................... 1 775 617 3 Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone...................................................................... 1 113 844 4 Foundation contractor, concrete ................................................................................ 5 108 430 2 Foundation contractor, digging of ............................................................................... 1 359 501 4 Framing contractor............................................................................................ 5 471 866 2

Fresco contractor s ............................................................................................. 1 607 56 Garage door and overhead door installation contractor ............................................................ 1 935 344 4 Glass and glazing contractor ................................................................................... 3 694 304 1 Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC)......................................................... 32 965 343 1 Highway lighting and signal installation and service................................................................ 2 194 821 6 House moving contractor ...................................................................................... 172 448 8 Insulation contractor .......................................................................................... 4 441 212 2 Insulation contractor, pipe and duct work......................................................................... 1 196 448 2 Lathing contractor ............................................................................................ 682 478 5 Lawn sprinkler installation contractor ............................................................................ 1 133 520 8

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior..................................................................... 282 187 4 Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior ..................................................................... 870 966 3 Masonry contractor: brick or block .............................................................................. 8 457 259 2 Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking ................................................................ 826 517 3 Mechanical contractor ......................................................................................... 16 445 220 2 Millwright and machine rigging contractor ........................................................................ 4 639 208 2 Modular furniture systems attachment and installation contractor.................................................... 738 439 4 Mosaic contractor............................................................................................. S S

Ornamental metal contractor ................................................................................... 702 853 4 Paint and wallpaper removal contractor .......................................................................... 298 923 6

Painting contractor ............................................................................................ 11 005 522 1

Paper hanging and wall covering contractor ...................................................................... 970 861 3

Plastering contractor .......................................................................................... 1 949 002 4

Plumbing contractor........................................................................................... 22 077 053 2

Precast concrete installation contractor .......................................................................... 505 974 5

Radon remediation contractor .................................................................................. 17 274 18

Refractory brick contractor ..................................................................................... 781 773 5

Refrigeration contractor........................................................................................ 2 205 200 6

Reinforcing steel contractor .................................................................................... 1 487 694 3

Resilient floor laying contractor ................................................................................. 1 270 628 3

Roofing contractor ............................................................................................ 14 761 716 1

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors ....................................................................... 419 211 5

Scaffolding contractor ......................................................................................... 634 854 1

Septic system installation contractor............................................................................. 852 292 9 Service station equipment installation contractor .................................................................. 1 238 937 6 Sheet metal contractor, except HVAC and plumbing............................................................... 4 041 025 2 Ship painting contractor........................................................................................ 103 070 1 Shotcrete contractor .......................................................................................... 324 711 9 Siding contractor.............................................................................................. 2 807 746 4 Speciality sheet metal contractor, including decking and metal ceilings............................................... 679 280 6

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 17

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

Special trade contractors, totalmCon.

Steamfitting and piping contractor............................................................................... 3 506 487 2 Steel framing contractor ....................................................................................... 299 241 9 Stonework contractor.......................................................................................... 804 381 9 Storage tanks, metal, erection contractor ........................................................................ 1 170 871 6 Structural steel erection contractor .............................................................................. 4 428 034 2 Stucco contractor ............................................................................................. 744 308 10 Subdividing and preparing land owned by others.................................................................. 463 617 6 Swimming pool contractor...................................................................................... 3 181 261 3 Telecommunications installation and service ..................................................................... 9 723 523 2 Terrazzo contractor ........................................................................................... 187 965 4

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction.............................................................. 542 493 4 Tile contractor ................................................................................................ 2 824 892 2 Tinting glass contractor ........................................................................................ 91 736 13 Traffic lane painting contractor.................................................................................. 620 332 5 Waterproofing, dampproofing and fireproofing contractor........................................................... 1 848 773 2 Water well drilling contractor ................................................................................... 2 151 094 2 Welding contractor, operating at site of construction ............................................................... 1 014 760 4 Wrecking and demolition contractor, buildings and other structures .................................................. 1 880 220 1 Other miscellaneous construction (special case) activities .......................................................... 2 834 928 2

Other construction activities, nec................................................................................ 375 893 3

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total 12 502 471 ....................................... 2

Architectural services, secondary to construction activities ......................................................... 285 479 6

Asbestos abatement and lead paint removal contractor, secondary to construction activities 245 200 ............................ 4

Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder), secondary to construction activities 1 227 123 ..... 10

Engineering services, secondary to construction activities .......................................................... 705 784 5

Manufacturingmproducts manufactured and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 1 785 091 ......................... 3

Miningmminerals produced and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 555 257 .................................... 5

Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec .................................................. 1 659 193 2

Real estate commissions and property management fees, secondary to construction activities 647 602 .......................... 4

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator, secondary to construction activities 480 525 ........ 2

Rental or lease of properties, secondary to construction activities ................................................... 717 136 4

Retail trade, secondary to construction activities .................................................................. 2 628 044 3

Transportation of goods for others, secondary to construction activities .............................................. 637 505 4

Wholesale trade, secondary to construction activities .............................................................. 928 533 4

Kind of business activity, nsk ................................................................................... 5 226 100 2

Northeast

Total................................................................................................ 145 918 032 1

Building, developing, and general contracting, total...................................................... 60 115 874 1 Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 31 696 861 .................................. 2

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale .............................................................. 7 540 660 4

Construction managementmbuildings ........................................................................... 8 314 298 1

Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder ................................................................ 10 839 881 2

Subdividing/developing land owned by you into lots for sale ........................................................ 1 724 175 5

Heavy construction, total............................................................................... 20 487 297 1 Blasting contractor, except building demolition .................................................................... 74 830 18 Cable and conduit laying contractor ............................................................................. 549 182 5 Construction managementmheavy construction .................................................................. 468 019 11 Dredging contractor ........................................................................................... S S

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 2 084 267 ................................ 4 Heavy construction contractor .................................................................................. 9 476 132 2 Highway and street general contractor........................................................................... 4 816 790 3 Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 2 084 516 ...................................... 4 Pile driving contractor ......................................................................................... 244 915 9 Pipe jacking/microtunneling contractor s ........................................................................... 743 60

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, with an operator ........................................... 469 652 4

Trenching contractor .......................................................................................... 154 174 16

Special trade contractors, total ......................................................................... 62 074 405 1 Acoustical contractor .......................................................................................... 516 766 6 Antenna contractor, except household type ...................................................................... 19 732 13 Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts .............................................. 303 815 8 Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas ........................................................... 1 118 725 7

Bridge painting contractor...................................................................................... 78 398 3

Building sprinkler system installation contractor ................................................................... 623 264 7 Cable television contractor s ..................................................................................... 102 200 43 Carpentry contractor .......................................................................................... 3 052 326 2 Carpet laying or removal contractor ............................................................................. 611 025 6 Computer flooring installation contractor ......................................................................... 71 662 4

Concrete breaking and cutting contractor ........................................................................ 20 803 26 Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets ................................................. 1 616 388 3 Culvert and curb contractor .................................................................................... S S

Curtain wall installation contractor............................................................................... 183 501 6 Dismantling steel oil tanks contractor, except oil field work ......................................................... S S

Drywall contractor............................................................................................. 1 851 751 4 Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting .................................................. 8 495 028 2

Electronic control systems installation and service, except environmental control ...................................... 647 430 5

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor ................................................................ 1 298 330 2

Energy management contractor ................................................................................ 162 723 25

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor ................................................... 494 551 7

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor ............................................................... 93 345 1

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 2 685 939 ................................... 3

Fence construction contractor .................................................................................. 477 939 4

Fire and security systems installation and service ................................................................. 1 128 333 7

Flooring contractor, wood ...................................................................................... 363 621 6

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone...................................................................... 335 890 7

Foundation contractor, concrete ................................................................................ 533 612 7

Foundation contractor, digging of ............................................................................... 245 902 5

Framing contractor............................................................................................ 532 728 7

Fresco contractor ............................................................................................. D D

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor ............................................................ 307 938 9

Glass and glazing contractor ................................................................................... 677 347 3

Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC)......................................................... 6 696 091 3

Highway lighting and signal installation and service................................................................ 580 849 11

House moving contractor ...................................................................................... 17 427 25

Insulation contractor .......................................................................................... 688 886 7

Insulation contractor, pipe and duct work......................................................................... 160 952 4

18 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

NortheastmCon.

Special trade contractors, totalmCon.

Lathing contractor ............................................................................................ 25 597 11

Lawn sprinkler installation contractor ............................................................................ 216 996 17

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior..................................................................... 58 370 12

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior ..................................................................... 148 752 6

Masonry contractor: brick or block .............................................................................. 1 633 068 3

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking ................................................................ 335 529 5

Mechanical contractor ......................................................................................... 2 841 920 3

Millwright and machine rigging contractor ........................................................................ 672 515 4

Modular furniture systems attachment and installation contractor.................................................... 173 638 6

Mosaic contractor............................................................................................. D D

Ornamental metal contractor ................................................................................... 178 266 5

Paint and wallpaper removal contractor .......................................................................... 55 507 9

Painting contractor ............................................................................................ 1 819 701 2

Paper hanging and wall covering contractor ...................................................................... 238 719 5

Plastering contractor .......................................................................................... 229 094 10

Plumbing contractor........................................................................................... 3 844 570 4

Precast concrete installation contractor .......................................................................... 104 996 15

Radon remediation contractor .................................................................................. 2 871 26

Refractory brick contractor ..................................................................................... 131 664 14

Refrigeration contractor........................................................................................ 357 782 16

Reinforcing steel contractor .................................................................................... 150 239 7

Resilient floor laying contractor ................................................................................. 229 012 8

Roofing contractor ............................................................................................ 2 460 663 3

Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors ....................................................................... 73 272 16

Scaffolding contractor ......................................................................................... 89 357 5

Septic system installation contractor............................................................................. 101 684 22

Service station equipment installation contractor .................................................................. 295 907 4

Sheet metal contractor, except HVAC and plumbing............................................................... 783 702 5

Ship painting contractor........................................................................................ D D

Shotcrete contractor .......................................................................................... S S

Siding contractor.............................................................................................. 612 219 7 Speciality sheet metal contractor, including decking and metal ceilings............................................... 101 848 14 Steamfitting and piping contractor............................................................................... 782 866 5 Steel framing contractor ....................................................................................... 82 162 24 Stonework contractor.......................................................................................... 223 393 9 Storage tanks, metal, erection contractor ........................................................................ 109 903 10 Structural steel erection contractor .............................................................................. 803 031 3 Stucco contractor ............................................................................................. S S

Subdividing and preparing land owned by others.................................................................. 57 251 10 Swimming pool contractor...................................................................................... 452 506 6

Telecommunications installation and service ..................................................................... 1 903 226 4 Terrazzo contractor ........................................................................................... 53 635 4 Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction.............................................................. 104 726 6 Tile contractor ................................................................................................ 415 666 4

Tinting glass contractor ........................................................................................ S S

Traffic lane painting contractor.................................................................................. 129 065 6

Waterproofing, dampproofing and fireproofing contractor........................................................... 462 196 4

Water well drilling contractor ................................................................................... 298 759 3

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction ............................................................... 123 112 12

Wrecking and demolition contractor, buildings and other structures .................................................. 531 431 2

Other miscellaneous construction (special case) activities .......................................................... 445 946 5

Other construction activities, nec................................................................................ 55 791 12

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total....................................... 2 440 961 2 Architectural services, secondary to construction activities ......................................................... 38 753 10 Asbestos abatement and lead paint removal contractor, secondary to construction activities 78 471 ............................ 2 Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder), secondary to construction activities 336 844 ..... 4 Engineering services, secondary to construction activities .......................................................... 136 946 15 Manufacturingmproducts manufactured and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 285 996 ......................... 7 Miningmminerals produced and sold to others, secondary to construction activities.................................... 72 906 5 Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec .................................................. 533 075 3 Real estate commissions and property management fees, secondary to construction activities 134 822 .......................... 7 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator, secondary to construction activities 92 406 ........ 4 Rental or lease of properties, secondary to construction activities ................................................... 81 876 10 Retail trade, secondary to construction activities .................................................................. 356 508 8 Transportation of goods for others, secondary to construction activities .............................................. 132 009 8 Wholesale trade, secondary to construction activities .............................................................. 160 349 7

Kind of business activity, nsk ................................................................................... 743 715 3

Midwest

Total................................................................................................ 204 819 376 Z

Building, developing, and general contracting, total...................................................... 83 735 760 1 Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 50 047 375 .................................. 1 Building construction on land owned by you, for sale .............................................................. 12 982 856 3 Construction managementmbuildings ........................................................................... 5 996 280 4 Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder ................................................................ 12 456 245 2 Subdividing/developing land owned by you into lots for sale ........................................................ 2 253 004 4

Heavy construction, total............................................................................... 31 074 643 1

Blasting contractor, except building demolition .................................................................... 46 939 35

Cable and conduit laying contractor ............................................................................. 1 496 559 5

Construction managementmheavy construction .................................................................. 390 011 4

Dredging contractor ........................................................................................... 374 056 3

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 3 421 320 ................................ 3

Heavy construction contractor .................................................................................. 11 691 492 2

Highway and street general contractor........................................................................... 7 585 337 3

Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 5 130 165 ...................................... 5

Pile driving contractor ......................................................................................... 197 756 3

Pipe jacking/microtunneling contractor s ........................................................................... 9 474 57 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, with an operator ........................................... 491 885 8

Trenching contractor .......................................................................................... 239 649 11

Special trade contractors, total ......................................................................... 85 628 223 1 Acoustical contractor .......................................................................................... 586 914 8 Antenna contractor, except household type ...................................................................... S S

Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts .............................................. 658 309 5 Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas ........................................................... 1 933 182 6

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 19

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

MidwestmCon.

Special trade contractors, totalmCon.

Bridge painting contractor...................................................................................... 86 970 5

Building sprinkler system installation contractor ................................................................... 926 206 7

Cable television contractor ..................................................................................... 198 387 17

Carpentry contractor .......................................................................................... 3 772 769 2

Carpet laying or removal contractor ............................................................................. 738 693 3

Computer flooring installation contractor ......................................................................... 58 695 18

Concrete breaking and cutting contractor ........................................................................ 80 109 12

Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets ................................................. 4 216 908 2

Culvert and curb contractor .................................................................................... 274 432 9

Curtain wall installation contractor............................................................................... 195 184 9

Dismantling steel oil tanks contractor, except oil field work ......................................................... 51 372 38

Drywall contractor............................................................................................. 2 697 511 4

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting .................................................. 11 261 658 2

Electronic control systems installation and service, except environmental control ...................................... 739 397 5

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor ................................................................ 788 421 Z

Energy management contractor ................................................................................ 152 234 15

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor ................................................... 551 259 5

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor ............................................................... 71 058 5

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 3 380 475 ................................... 3

Fence construction contractor .................................................................................. 573 444 5

Fire and security systems installation and service ................................................................. 948 475 7

Flooring contractor, wood ...................................................................................... 353 770 6

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone...................................................................... 351 427 8

Foundation contractor, concrete ................................................................................ 1 587 180 4

Foundation contractor, digging of ............................................................................... 445 126 7

Framing contractor............................................................................................ 927 477 4

Fresco contractor ............................................................................................. D D

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor ............................................................ 498 018 6

Glass and glazing contractor ................................................................................... 832 136 2

Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC)......................................................... 8 688 906 2

Highway lighting and signal installation and service................................................................ 526 851 11

House moving contractor ...................................................................................... 29 932 18

Insulation contractor .......................................................................................... 995 323 7

Insulation contractor, pipe and duct work......................................................................... 301 826 4

Lathing contractor ............................................................................................ 57 757 6

Lawn sprinkler installation contractor ............................................................................ 224 012 17

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior..................................................................... 54 704 6

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior ..................................................................... 154 991 6

Masonry contractor: brick or block .............................................................................. 2 502 127 2

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking ................................................................ 292 136 5

Mechanical contractor ......................................................................................... 4 186 813 3

Millwright and machine rigging contractor ........................................................................ 1 614 280 2

Modular furniture systems attachment and installation contractor.................................................... 191 911 8

Mosaic contractor............................................................................................. D D

Ornamental metal contractor ................................................................................... 142 576 11 Paint and wallpaper removal contractor .......................................................................... S S

Painting contractor ............................................................................................ 2 530 318 2 Paper hanging and wall covering contractor ...................................................................... 263 929 4 Plastering contractor .......................................................................................... 316 412 10 Plumbing contractor........................................................................................... 5 713 869 5

Precast concrete installation contractor .......................................................................... 201 594 7 Radon remediation contractor .................................................................................. 4 263 36 Refractory brick contractor ..................................................................................... 149 838 6 Refrigeration contractor........................................................................................ 626 013 7 Reinforcing steel contractor .................................................................................... 235 386 6 Resilient floor laying contractor ................................................................................. 327 572 5 Roofing contractor ............................................................................................ 3 817 125 2 Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors ....................................................................... 74 790 6 Scaffolding contractor ......................................................................................... 182 266 1 Septic system installation contractor............................................................................. 187 171 16

Service station equipment installation contractor .................................................................. 254 324 10 Sheet metal contractor, except HVAC and plumbing............................................................... 1 153 958 3 Ship painting contractor........................................................................................ D D Shotcrete contractor .......................................................................................... S S

Siding contractor.............................................................................................. 990 151 7 Speciality sheet metal contractor, including decking and metal ceilings............................................... 131 453 7 Steamfitting and piping contractor............................................................................... 1 222 436 3 Steel framing contractor ....................................................................................... 89 522 19 Stonework contractor.......................................................................................... 163 944 11 Storage tanks, metal, erection contractor ........................................................................ 297 386 5

Structural steel erection contractor .............................................................................. 1 199 277 4 Stucco contractor ............................................................................................. 89 421 18 Subdividing and preparing land owned by others.................................................................. 132 532 12 Swimming pool contractor...................................................................................... 288 332 7 Telecommunications installation and service ..................................................................... 1 901 654 5

Terrazzo contractor ........................................................................................... 49 564 11

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction.............................................................. 77 910 8

Tile contractor ................................................................................................ 511 184 3

Tinting glass contractor ........................................................................................ 15 812 26

Traffic lane painting contractor.................................................................................. 165 268 14

Waterproofing, dampproofing and fireproofing contractor........................................................... 395 926 6

Water well drilling contractor ................................................................................... 590 070 3

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction ............................................................... 188 201 6

Wrecking and demolition contractor, buildings and other structures .................................................. 531 542 2

Other miscellaneous construction (special case) activities .......................................................... 539 895 7

Other construction activities, nec................................................................................ 99 250 5

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total....................................... 3 291 270 5

Architectural services, secondary to construction activities ......................................................... 62 039 11

Asbestos abatement and lead paint removal contractor, secondary to construction activities 41 084 ............................ 5 Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder), secondary to construction activities 400 598 ..... 30 Engineering services, secondary to construction activities .......................................................... 113 162 4 Manufacturingmproducts manufactured and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 482 903 ......................... 4 Miningmminerals produced and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 210 573 .................................... 4 Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec .................................................. 348 232 5 Real estate commissions and property management fees, secondary to construction activities 132 656 .......................... 14 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator, secondary to construction activities 102 181 ........ 5

20 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

MidwestmCon.

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, totalmCon.

Rental or lease of properties, secondary to construction activities ................................................... 175 573 12 Retail trade, secondary to construction activities .................................................................. 765 287 9 Transportation of goods for others, secondary to construction activities .............................................. 199 432 6 Wholesale trade, secondary to construction activities .............................................................. 257 551 9

Kind of business activity, nsk ................................................................................... 990 242 4

South

Total................................................................................................ 298 668 864 Z

Building, developing, and general contracting, total...................................................... 137 622 108 1 Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 82 020 784 .................................. 1 Building construction on land owned by you, for sale .............................................................. 28 737 610 2 Construction managementmbuildings ........................................................................... 5 489 344 3 Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder ................................................................ 15 590 910 2 Subdividing/developing land owned by you into lots for sale ........................................................ 5 783 460 2

Heavy construction, total............................................................................... 46 841 814 1 Blasting contractor, except building demolition .................................................................... 95 872 19 Cable and conduit laying contractor ............................................................................. 1 659 809 5 Construction managementmheavy construction .................................................................. 896 365 4 Dredging contractor ........................................................................................... 363 828 13 Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 4 330 252 ................................ 3 Heavy construction contractor .................................................................................. 21 784 349 1 Highway and street general contractor........................................................................... 10 633 849 2 Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 5 312 530 ...................................... 3 Pile driving contractor ......................................................................................... 294 983 10 Pipe jacking/microtunneling contractor........................................................................... S S

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, with an operator ........................................... 1 051 007 5 Trenching contractor .......................................................................................... 265 055 12

Special trade contractors, total ......................................................................... 108 401 940 1 Acoustical contractor .......................................................................................... 804 269 6 Antenna contractor, except household type ...................................................................... 32 767 11 Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts .............................................. 821 574 7 Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas ........................................................... 1 684 252 8 Bridge painting contractor...................................................................................... 63 954 13 Building sprinkler system installation contractor ................................................................... 1 541 835 6 Cable television contractor ..................................................................................... 270 849 26 Carpentry contractor .......................................................................................... 3 197 759 8 Carpet laying or removal contractor ............................................................................. 926 883 4 Computer flooring installation contractor ......................................................................... 61 399 14

Concrete breaking and cutting contractor ........................................................................ 39 542 6

Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets ................................................. 3 732 170 3

Culvert and curb contractor .................................................................................... 508 857 8

Curtain wall installation contractor............................................................................... 225 423 7

Dismantling steel oil tanks contractor, except oil field work ......................................................... 23 824 17

Drywall contractor............................................................................................. 3 500 033 4

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting .................................................. 14 519 675 1

Electronic control systems installation and service, except environmental control 1 051 271 ...................................... 6

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor ................................................................ 1 151 857 1

Energy management contractor ................................................................................ 186 727 8

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor ................................................... 523 979 8

Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor ............................................................... 85 918 2

Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 4 045 177 ................................... 4

Fence construction contractor .................................................................................. 1 030 371 4

Fire and security systems installation and service ................................................................. 1 146 725 6

Flooring contractor, wood ...................................................................................... 573 184 6

Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone...................................................................... 334 281 9

Foundation contractor, concrete ................................................................................ 1 531 129 5

Foundation contractor, digging of ............................................................................... 399 900 7

Framing contractor............................................................................................ 1 072 226 5

Fresco contractor s ............................................................................................. 1 257 70

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor ............................................................ 635 917 9

Glass and glazing contractor ................................................................................... 1 198 320 3

Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC)......................................................... 11 329 459 3

Highway lighting and signal installation and service................................................................ 606 548 16

House moving contractor ...................................................................................... 76 234 11

Insulation contractor .......................................................................................... 1 862 777 3

Insulation contractor, pipe and duct work......................................................................... 528 355 3

Lathing contractor ............................................................................................ 117 552 10

Lawn sprinkler installation contractor ............................................................................ 496 370 14

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior..................................................................... 82 670 8

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior ..................................................................... 284 101 6

Masonry contractor: brick or block .............................................................................. 2 757 282 4

Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking ................................................................ 139 347 8

Mechanical contractor ......................................................................................... 6 061 439 3

Millwright and machine rigging contractor ........................................................................ 1 642 093 4

Modular furniture systems attachment and installation contractor.................................................... 165 586 8

Mosaic contractor............................................................................................. S S

Ornamental metal contractor ................................................................................... 209 603 9

Paint and wallpaper removal contractor .......................................................................... 140 073 11

Painting contractor ............................................................................................ 3 709 357 3

Paper hanging and wall covering contractor ...................................................................... 327 422 6

Plastering contractor .......................................................................................... 542 735 8

Plumbing contractor........................................................................................... 7 330 432 3 Precast concrete installation contractor .......................................................................... 144 632 6 Radon remediation contractor s .................................................................................. 4 257 52

Refractory brick contractor ..................................................................................... 328 092 9

Refrigeration contractor........................................................................................ 772 253 14

Reinforcing steel contractor .................................................................................... 288 654 5

Resilient floor laying contractor ................................................................................. 388 797 6

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 21

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

SouthmCon.

Special trade contractors, totalmCon.

Roofing contractor ............................................................................................ 4 490 665 3 Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors ....................................................................... 203 190 8 Scaffolding contractor ......................................................................................... 253 599 2 Septic system installation contractor............................................................................. 371 351 14 Service station equipment installation contractor .................................................................. 450 007 15 Sheet metal contractor, except HVAC and plumbing............................................................... 1 275 251 5 Ship painting contractor........................................................................................ 78 709 1 Shotcrete contractor .......................................................................................... 97 032 16 Siding contractor.............................................................................................. 865 309 8 Speciality sheet metal contractor, including decking and metal ceilings............................................... 274 610 11

Steamfitting and piping contractor............................................................................... 753 831 4 Steel framing contractor ....................................................................................... 52 767 8 Stonework contractor.......................................................................................... 225 910 29 Storage tanks, metal, erection contractor ........................................................................ 563 387 12 Structural steel erection contractor .............................................................................. 1 370 544 3 Stucco contractor ............................................................................................. 371 461 17 Subdividing and preparing land owned by others.................................................................. 117 157 15 Swimming pool contractor...................................................................................... 1 458 056 4 Telecommunications installation and service ..................................................................... 3 176 229 4 Terrazzo contractor ........................................................................................... 59 384 8

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction.............................................................. 140 044 10 Tile contractor ................................................................................................ 949 508 5 Tinting glass contractor ........................................................................................ 20 067 19 Traffic lane painting contractor.................................................................................. 186 234 6 Waterproofing, dampproofing and fireproofing contractor........................................................... 622 039 4 Water well drilling contractor ................................................................................... 734 701 5 Welding contractor, operating at site of construction ............................................................... 475 532 5 Wrecking and demolition contractor, buildings and other structures .................................................. 408 885 4 Other miscellaneous construction (special case) activities .......................................................... 1 088 343 4

Other construction activities, nec................................................................................ 150 426 3

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total....................................... 3 848 383 2 Architectural services, secondary to construction activities ......................................................... 125 336 10 Asbestos abatement and lead paint removal contractor, secondary to construction activities 80 246 ............................ 13 Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder), secondary to construction activities 283 665 ..... 5 Engineering services, secondary to construction activities .......................................................... 223 664 10 Manufacturingmproducts manufactured and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 651 799 ......................... 6 Miningmminerals produced and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 129 961 .................................... 4 Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec .................................................. 440 437 3 Real estate commissions and property management fees, secondary to construction activities 227 263 .......................... 4 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator, secondary to construction activities 197 666 ........ 4 Rental or lease of properties, secondary to construction activities ................................................... 232 044 5

Retail trade, secondary to construction activities .................................................................. 826 087 5

Transportation of goods for others, secondary to construction activities .............................................. 179 406 7

Wholesale trade, secondary to construction activities .............................................................. 250 810 10

Kind of business activity, nsk ................................................................................... 1 804 068 3

West

Total................................................................................................ 209 174 752 Z

Building, developing, and general contracting, total...................................................... 95 123 980 1

Building construction on land owned by othersmgeneral contractor or design~builder 50 862 237 .................................. 1

Building construction on land owned by you, for sale .............................................................. 21 639 948 1

Construction managementmbuildings ........................................................................... 4 525 210 3

Remodelingmgeneral contractor or design~builder ................................................................ 13 436 515 1

Subdividing/developing land owned by you into lots for sale ........................................................ 4 660 069 2

Heavy construction, total............................................................................... 29 200 787 1

Blasting contractor, except building demolition .................................................................... 132 417 27

Cable and conduit laying contractor ............................................................................. 910 586 5

Construction managementmheavy construction .................................................................. 483 159 10

Dredging contractor ........................................................................................... 60 523 17

Excavation work, earthmoving or land clearing contractor, not connected with buildings 2 721 919 ................................ 3

Heavy construction contractor .................................................................................. 12 866 604 1

Highway and street general contractor........................................................................... 7 019 714 3

Paving contractormasphalt or concrete for highways, streets, or airport runways 3 629 046 ...................................... 3

Pile driving contractor ......................................................................................... 335 201 18

Pipe jacking/microtunneling contractor........................................................................... S S

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, with an operator ........................................... 809 219 3

Trenching contractor .......................................................................................... 172 953 11

Special trade contractors, total ......................................................................... 80 169 634 Z Acoustical contractor .......................................................................................... 523 064 8 Antenna contractor, except household type ...................................................................... 29 902 26 Architectural sheet metal contractor, including gutters and downspouts .............................................. 438 351 9 Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas ........................................................... 972 831 6 Bridge painting contractor...................................................................................... 34 694 14 Building sprinkler system installation contractor ................................................................... 999 519 6 Cable television contractor ..................................................................................... 37 895 6 Carpentry contractor .......................................................................................... 2 598 123 3 Carpet laying or removal contractor ............................................................................. 953 090 4 Computer flooring installation contractor ......................................................................... 41 096 7

Concrete breaking and cutting contractor ........................................................................ 166 364 5 Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets ................................................. 3 533 700 2 Culvert and curb contractor .................................................................................... 433 257 8 Curtain wall installation contractor............................................................................... 159 157 4

Dismantling steel oil tanks contractor, except oil field work ......................................................... 9 421 18

Drywall contractor............................................................................................. 3 282 768 2

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting .................................................. 10 254 180 2

Electronic control systems installation and service, except environmental control ...................................... 602 759 9

Elevator installation, service, and repair contractor ................................................................ 808 321 Z

Energy management contractor ................................................................................ 150 299 22

22 AREA SUMMARY CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Table 8. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by Kind~of~Business

Activity: 1997mCon.

[Thousand dollars unless otherwise noted. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A]

Primary and other kinds of business activities Dollar value of business done

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

UNITED STATESmCon.

WestmCon.

Special trade contractors, totalmCon.

Environmental control systems installation and service contractor ................................................... 419 835 11 Escalator installation, service, and repair contractor ............................................................... 68 631 1 Excavation work: earthmoving or land clearing contractor, connected with buildings 3 068 154 ................................... 3 Fence construction contractor .................................................................................. 832 621 4 Fire and security systems installation and service ................................................................. 860 331 8 Flooring contractor, wood ...................................................................................... 485 042 5 Foundation contractor: brick, block, or stone...................................................................... 92 246 12 Foundation contractor, concrete ................................................................................ 1 456 509 4 Foundation contractor, digging of ............................................................................... 268 573 9 Framing contractor............................................................................................ 2 939 436 2

Garage door and overhead door installation contractor ............................................................ 493 470 8 Glass and glazing contractor ................................................................................... 986 500 2 Heating, ventilation and air~conditioning contractor (HVAC)......................................................... 6 250 887 3 Highway lighting and signal installation and service................................................................ 480 572 8 House moving contractor ...................................................................................... 48 855 19 Insulation contractor .......................................................................................... 894 226 5 Insulation contractor, pipe and duct work......................................................................... 205 314 5 Lathing contractor ............................................................................................ 481 571 6 Lawn sprinkler installation contractor ............................................................................ 196 142 17 Marble, granite, and slate contractor: exterior..................................................................... 86 443 4

Marble, granite, and slate contractor: interior ..................................................................... 283 122 5 Masonry contractor: brick or block .............................................................................. 1 564 781 3 Masonry contractor: pointing, cleaning, or caulking ................................................................ 59 505 15 Mechanical contractor ......................................................................................... 3 355 048 4 Millwright and machine rigging contractor ........................................................................ 710 320 5 Modular furniture systems attachment and installation contractor.................................................... 207 305 9 Ornamental metal contractor ................................................................................... 172 408 6 Paint and wallpaper removal contractor .......................................................................... 43 936 12 Painting contractor ............................................................................................ 2 946 147 2 Paper hanging and wall covering contractor ...................................................................... 140 791 6

Plastering contractor .......................................................................................... 860 762 5 Plumbing contractor........................................................................................... 5 188 182 3 Precast concrete installation contractor .......................................................................... 54 752 20 Radon remediation contractor .................................................................................. 5 882 20 Refractory brick contractor ..................................................................................... 172 180 10 Refrigeration contractor........................................................................................ 449 152 13 Reinforcing steel contractor .................................................................................... 813 416 4 Resilient floor laying contractor ................................................................................. 325 247 4 Roofing contractor ............................................................................................ 3 993 263 3 Sandblasting contractor, building exteriors ....................................................................... 67 959 11

Scaffolding contractor ......................................................................................... 109 632 3

Septic system installation contractor............................................................................. 192 085 24

Service station equipment installation contractor .................................................................. 238 698 8

Sheet metal contractor, except HVAC and plumbing............................................................... 828 115 7

Ship painting contractor........................................................................................ 22 015 Z

Shotcrete contractor .......................................................................................... 166 097 12

Siding contractor.............................................................................................. 340 067 9

Speciality sheet metal contractor, including decking and metal ceilings............................................... 171 369 12

Steamfitting and piping contractor............................................................................... 747 354 4

Steel framing contractor ....................................................................................... 74 790 13

Stonework contractor.......................................................................................... 191 134 9

Storage tanks, metal, erection contractor ........................................................................ 200 194 10

Structural steel erection contractor .............................................................................. 1 055 182 5

Stucco contractor ............................................................................................. 228 150 10

Subdividing and preparing land owned by others.................................................................. 156 676 6

Swimming pool contractor...................................................................................... 982 366 4

Telecommunications installation and service ..................................................................... 2 742 413 4

Terrazzo contractor ........................................................................................... 25 382 14

Test boring or core drilling contractor for construction.............................................................. 219 813 5

Tile contractor ................................................................................................ 948 534 3

Tinting glass contractor ........................................................................................ S S

Traffic lane painting contractor.................................................................................. 139 764 13

Waterproofing, dampproofing and fireproofing contractor........................................................... 368 613 5

Water well drilling contractor ................................................................................... 527 564 4

Welding contractor, operating at site of construction ............................................................... 227 915 11

Wrecking and demolition contractor, buildings and other structures .................................................. 408 362 3

Other miscellaneous construction (special case) activities .......................................................... 760 744 4

Other construction activities, nec................................................................................ 70 426 5

Other business activities secondary to construction activities, total....................................... 2 921 858 2 Architectural services, secondary to construction activities ......................................................... 59 352 11 Asbestos abatement and lead paint removal contractor, secondary to construction activities 45 399 ............................ 2 Building construction on land owned by you, for rent or lease (investment builder), secondary to construction activities 206 016 ..... 20 Engineering services, secondary to construction activities .......................................................... 232 012 9 Manufacturingmproducts manufactured and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 364 393 ......................... 7 Miningmminerals produced and sold to others, secondary to construction activities 141 817 .................................... 16 Other business activities, secondary to construction activities, nec .................................................. 337 449 3 Real estate commissions and property management fees, secondary to construction activities 152 861 .......................... 7 Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others, without an operator, secondary to construction activities 88 272 ........ 4 Rental or lease of properties, secondary to construction activities ................................................... 227 643 4 Retail trade, secondary to construction activities .................................................................. 680 162 4 Transportation of goods for others, secondary to construction activities .............................................. 126 657 7 Wholesale trade, secondary to construction activities .............................................................. 259 823 5

Kind of business activity, nsk ................................................................................... 1 688 075 3

CONSTRUCTIONmSUBJECT SERIES AREA SUMMARY 23

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Apr. 18, 2000
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

ALL EMPLOYEES

Comprise all full-time and part-time employees on the

payrolls of construction establishments, who worked or

received pay for any part of the pay period including the

12th of March, May, August, and November. Included are

all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid

vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are not. Number of employees is the sum

of all employees during the pay periods including the 12th

of March, May, August, and November, divided by 4.

BEGINNING-OF-YEAR GROSS BOOK VALUE OF

DEPRECIABLE ASSETS ($1,000)

Gross value of depreciable assets, usually original costs

of the assets, at the beginning of the year. Depreciable

assets are the fixed tangible property of the establishment

for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained.

BEGINNING-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES OF MATERIALS

AND SUPPLIES ($1,000)

The inventories of materials and supplies owned at the

beginning of the reporting year by establishments with

payroll. Includes all of the materials and supplies that are

owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes materials that are owned by others but held by the reporting

establishment. Builders who built on their own account for

sale were requested to exclude work in progress and finished units not sold from inventories. Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported

by the establishment that is responsible for the inventories, even if these inventories were held at a separate location.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, OTHER THAN LAND

($1,000)

Capital expenditures are those that were or will be

charged to the fixed assets accounts and for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. Includes the

cost of capital improvements that were made during the

year that increased the value of property or adapted it for

another use. Capital expenditures for leasehold improvements made to property leased from others are also

included. Land expenditures are not included as capital

expenditures. If any building or equipment had been

acquired under a capital leasing arrangement that meet

the criteria set down by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), respondents were instructed to report

the original cost or market value as a fixed asset and as a

capital expenditure, if acquired in the reporting year. If the

lease qualified as an operating lease, respondents were

instructed not to include the value of the building and

equipment as a fixed asset or capital expenditure. If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the establishment level but handled centrally at a company or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

Includes all payroll workers up through the working

supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers, and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics, apprentices,

laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment operators,

and on-site record keepers and security guards. Supervisory employees above the working foreman level are

excluded from this category and are included in the other

employees category.

COST OF ALL OTHER FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

($1,000)

Costs for fuels and lubricants purchased during the

year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company and not included as costs in any

of these categories: natural gas; manufactured gas; gasoline; and diesel fuel.

COST OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SUBCONTRACTED

OUT TO OTHERS ($1,000)

All costs for construction work subcontracted out to

other construction contractors during the reporting year.

Excluded from this item are costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and

supplies provided to a subcontractor for use, such costs

are reported under costs for materials, components, and

supplies. Also excluded are costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

COST OF ELECTRICITY ($1,000)

Costs for electric energy purchased during the year

from other companies or received from other establishments of the company.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
COST OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Costs for gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the

year from other companies or received from other establishments of the company.

COST OF OFF-HIGHWAY USE OF GASOLINE AND

DIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Includes the costs for gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the reporting year for off-highway use. Offhighway fuel use is the use of fuel for trade, business, or

income producing activity. In most cases, off-highway fuel

use does not include use in a highway vehicle registered

or required to be registered for use on public highways.

COST OF ON-HIGHWAY USE OF GASOLINE AND

DIESEL FUEL ($1,000)

Costs for gasoline and diesel fuel purchased during the

year to fuel highway vehicles. A highway vehicle is any

self-propelled vehicle designed to carry a load over public

highways, whether or not also designed to perform other

functions. Examples of vehicles designed to carry a load

over public highways are passenger automobiles, trucks,

and truck tractors. If a vehicle can be used for a combination of on-highway and off-highway uses and has one fuel

tank, the fuel use is not considered off-highway. An

example of this is a concrete-mixer truck where the truck

engine operates both the engine and the mixing unit by a

power take-off and is fueled by a single tank. None of the

fuel used in this vehicle is off-highway because of the

on-highway use. If the vehicle has separate fuel tanks and

engines, the fuel in a tank used for non-highway use may

be considered off-highway use.

COSTS OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, AND

SUPPLIES ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, and supplies used by establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, structures, or other facilities and

costs for materials bought and resold to others. Also

includes costs made for direct purchases of materials,

components, and supplies even though the purchases

were subsequently provided to subcontractors for their

use. Supplies include expendable tools which are charged

to current accounts. Freight and other direct charges representing only that amount paid after discounts, and the

value of materials, components, and supplies obtained

from other establishments of the respondent’s company.

Excluded from this item are the cost of fuels, lubricants,

electric energy, industrial and other specialized machinery

and equipment such as printing presses; computer systems, that are not an integral part of a structure; and

materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

COST OF MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, SUPPLIES,

AND FUELS ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, supplies

used by establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, structures, or other facilities and costs

for materials bought and resold to others. Also includes

the costs for fuels that include gasoline, diesel fuel, and

lubricants, and electric energy purchased during the year

from other companies for received from other establishments of the company and costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal and coke products. Excluded from

this item are industrial and other specialized machinery

and equipment, such as printing presses; computer systems, that are not an integral part of a structure; materials

furnished to contractors by the owners of projects.

COST OF NATURAL GAS AND MANUFACTURED GAS

($1,000)

Costs for natural gas and manufactured gas purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

COST OF REPAIRS TO BUILDING AND OTHER

STRUCTURES ($1,000)

Includes the cost of all repairs made to structures by

outside companies or from other establishments of the

same company. It includes only the cost of repairs necessary to maintain property. It excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value of property or the cost of

adapting it for another use. Such costs are included in

capital expenditures.

COST OF REPAIRS TO MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

($1,000)

Includes the cost of all repairs made to machinery and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

repairs necessary to maintain the machinery.

COST OF SELECTED POWER, FUELS, AND

LUBRICANTS ($1,000)

Included are costs for fuels including gasoline, diesel

fuel, and lubricants, and electric energy purchased during

the year from other companies or received from other

establishments of the company. Also included are costs

for natural gas, manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal and coke

products.

DEPRECIATION CHARGES DURING YEAR ($1,000)

The depreciation expenses of the establishment in the

reporting year. These expenses are charged against depreciable assets which are the fixed tangible property of the

establishment for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained.

A–2 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
DOLLAR VALUE SIZE CLASS

Displays data for establishments with payroll that fall

within each range of value of business done.

END-OF-YEAR GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE

ASSETS ($1,000)

The gross value of depreciable assets, plus any capital

expenditures for new and use depreciable assets in the

reporting year, minus the gross value of depreciable assets

sold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc. in the reporting

year.

END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES OF MATERIALS AND

SUPPLIES ($1,000)

The inventories of materials and supplies owned at the

end of the reporting year by establishments with payroll.

Includes all of the materials and supplies that are owned

regardless of where they are held. Excludes materials

which are owned by others but held by the reporting

establishment. Builders who build on their own account

for sale were requested to exclude work in progress and

finished units not sold from inventories. Inventories of

multiestablishment companies were instructed to be

reported by the establishment that is responsible for the

inventories even if these inventories were held at a separate location.

FIRST-QUARTER PAYROLL ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the first quarter of

the reporting year to all employees on the payroll of construction establishments. The first-quarter payroll period

is January through March. Includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay,

bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings

bonds. Includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated.

FRINGE BENEFITS ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for legally

required and voluntary fringe benefit programs for

employees.

LEGALLY REQUIRED EXPENDITURES ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for Social

Security contributions, unemployment compensation,

workman’s compensation, and state temporary disability

payments.

LOCATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Location of construction work refers to the state location where construction work is done. A construction

establishment can be physically located in one state and

perform construction activities in another state(s). Location of construction work identifies the state where construction work was done, not the actual physical location

of the establishment.

NET VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ($1,000)

The value of construction work less the cost of construction work subcontracted out to others.

NUMBER OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS:

QUARTERLY PAY PERIOD

Refers to the number of construction workers employed

during a quarterly pay period. January to March includes

the reported number of construction workers employed

during the pay period including March 12. April to June

includes the reported number of construction workers

employed during the pay period including May 12. July to

September includes the reported number of construction

workers employed during the pay period including August

12. October to December includes the reported number of

construction workers employed during the pay period

including November 12.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments that were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS NOT REPORTING

INVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that did not

report a dollar amount for inventories of materials and

supplies during the reporting year. It covers all full-year

and part-year operations. Construction establishments

that were inactive or idle for the entire year were not

included.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH INVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that reported a

dollar amount of inventory. Includes the number of establishments that were in business at any time during the

year. It covers all full-year and part-year operations. Construction establishments that were inactive or idle for the

entire year were not included.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH NO

INVENTORIES

Includes all establishments with payroll that reported

having no inventories of materials and supplies during the

reporting year. Includes establishments that were in business at any time during the year. It covers all full-year and

part-year operations. Construction establishments that

were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

NUMBER OF OTHER EMPLOYEES: QUARTERLY PAY

PERIOD

Refers to the number of other employees employed

during a quarterly pay period. January to March includes

the reported number of other workers employed during

the pay period including March 12. April to June includes

the reported number of other workers employed during

the pay period including May 12. July to September

includes the reported number of other workers employed

during the pay period including August 12. October to

December includes the reported number of other workers

employed during the pay period including November 12.

NUMBER OF PROPRIETORS AND WORKING

PARTNERS

These data were not collected on the census report

forms. The data shown are based on crediting each sole

proprietorship establishment with one active proprietor

and each partnership establishment with two working

partners.

OTHER BUSINESS RECEIPTS ($1,000)

Includes business receipts not reported as value of construction work. This includes business receipts from retail

and wholesale trade, rental of equipment without operator, manufacturing, transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate

operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts

for separately definable architectural and engineering

work for others are also included here. Excluded are

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries, and nonoperating income such as interest and dividends.

OTHER EMPLOYEES

Includes payroll employees in executive, purchasing,

accounting, personnel, professional, technical activities,

and routine office functions. Also included are supervisory

employees above the working foreman level.

PAYROLL ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year

to all employees on the payroll of construction establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding

taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.

The total includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated.

PAYROLL: CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year

to all construction workers on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as

employees’ Social security contributions, withholding

taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.

PAYROLL: OTHER EMPLOYEES ($1,000)

Includes the gross earnings paid in the reporting year

to all other employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacations and sick leave pay, prior to deductions such as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding

taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.

Payroll of other employees excludes salaries of the proprietor or partners, if unincorporated.

PRIMARY AND OTHER KINDS OF BUSINESS

ACTIVITIES

Displays dollar value of business done by primary construction business activity. Primary construction activity is

construction activity that generates fifty-one percent or

more of an establishment’s dollar value of business done.

Also displayed are other kinds of business activities. Other

kinds of business activities include business receipts not

reported as value of construction work. This item includes

business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of

equipment without an operator, manufacturing, transportation, legal services, insurance, finance, rental of property and other real estate operations, and other nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately definable

architectural and engineering work for others are also

included in other kinds of business activities.

PURCHASED COMMUNICATION SERVICES ($1,000)

Includes all costs for communication services purchased from other companies or from other establishments of the company.

RENTAL COSTS FOR BUILDINGS ($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing space and buildings. It excludes costs under agreements that are in effect

conditional sales contracts such as capital leases. Such

costs are included in capital expenditures.

A–4 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
RENTAL COSTS FOR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing construction

machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and scaffolding. It excludes costs for the rental of

land. It also excludes costs under agreements that in

effect are conditional sales contracts such as capital

leases. Such costs are included in capital expenditures.

RENTAL COSTS FOR MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND

BUILDINGS ($1,000)

Includes all costs for renting or leasing construction

machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It excludes

costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs under

agreements that in effect are conditional sales contracts

such as capital leases. Such costs are included in capital

expenditures.

RETIREMENTS AND DISPOSITION OF DEPRECIABLE

ASSETS ($1,000)

Includes the gross value of depreciable assets sold,

retired, scrapped, destroyed, abandoned, etc., during the

year. The values shown are the acquisition costs of the

retired assets. This item also includes the value of assets

(at acquisition cost rather than current market value)

transferred to other establishments of the same company.

SELECTED COSTS ($1,000)

Includes the costs for materials, components, and supplies; costs for construction work subcontracted out to

others; and costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants.

Capital expenditures and rental costs for machinery,

equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

SELECTED PURCHASED SERVICES ($1,000)

Includes all costs for communication and repair to

buildings and other structure services purchased from

other companies or from other establishments of the company. It also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and equipment by outside companies or from other

establishments of the same company. It includes only the

cost of repairs necessary to maintain property and equipment. It excludes the cost of improvements that increase

the value of property or the cost of adapting it for another

use. Such costs are included in capital expenditures.

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

Provides data by the types of buildings, structures, or

other facilities being constructed or worked on by construction establishments in the reporting year. Respondents were instructed that each building, structure, or

other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an educational institution. If respondents worked on more than

one type of building or structure in a multibuilding complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e., office and residential, or commercial, they were to classify the building by

major purpose. In addition, all respondents were

requested to report the percentage of the value of construction work done for new construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and maintenance and repair

work for each of these types.

Building Construction

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all fully

detached residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type condominiums.

Includes all residential buildings with two or more living

quarters side by side, completely independent of one

another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line

wall from ground to roof.

• Apartment buildings, apartment type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes apartment rentals,

high-rise, low-rise, or any structures containing two or

more housing units other than attached single-family

houses.

• All other residential buildings. Includes dormitories,

fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping residential structures.

• Manufacturing and light industrial buildings.

Includes all manufacturing and light industrial buildings

and plants that are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not

included in this category but are reported under nonbuilding construction.

• Manufacturing and light industrial warehouses.

Includes all warehouses which are intended for industrial activities.

• Hotels and motels. Includes hotels, motels, bed-andbreakfast inns, and tourist cabins intended for transient

accommodations. Also included are hotel and motel

conference centers.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
• Office buildings. Includes all buildings that are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings that are three stories or more. Medical office buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

• All other commercial buildings, nec (not elsewhere classified) such as stores, restaurants,

and automobile service stations. Includes all buildings that are intended for use primarily in the retail and

service trades. For example, shopping centers, department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Commercial warehouses. Includes distribution buildings and mini-storage units intended for commercial

use. Also included are storage warehouses.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings that are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and

seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings that are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well

as laboratories that are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Health care and institutional buildings. Includes

hospitals, medical office buildings and all other buildings that are intended to provide health and institutional care such as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums,

nursing homes, homes for the aged, and orphanages.

• Public safety buildings. Included detention centers,

prisons, fire stations, and rescue squad buildings.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses,

implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings.

Includes buildings that are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers, bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other building construction. Includes all types of

residential and nonresidential building construction not

shown elsewhere.

Nonbuilding Construction

• Highways, streets, and related work such as

installation of guardrails, highway signs, and

lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks,

curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures when used in connection with road

improvements.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways, taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Sewers, sewer lines, septic tanks, and related

facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of gas,

petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Power and communication transmission lines,

towers, and related facilities. Includes electric

power lines, telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic

cables, cable television lines, television and radio towers, and electric light and power facilities.

• Power plants and cogeneration plants, except

hydroelectric. Includes electric and steam generating

plants, cogenerating plants, and nuclear plants.

• Power plant, hydroelectric. Includes all types of

hydroelectric power generating plants.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical

complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining

appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, street cars,

and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers

for systems other than urban mass transit.

• Conservation and development construction.

Includes land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage

canals, levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control

projects.

A–6 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Dry/Solid waste disposal. Includes all dry/solid

waste disposal sites where non hazardous waste is buried.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Water storage facilities. Includes aqueducts, water

towers, and water tanks.

• Tank storage facilities other than water. Includes

gasoline and oil storage tanks.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreational facilities. Includes athletic fields, golf

courses, outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Billboards. Includes all type of billboards.

• Heavy military construction. Includes all military

nonbuilding such as missile sites and testing facilities,

launch sites and underground command centers.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Oilfields. The majority of construction work occurring

in oil fields is classified in Sector 21, Mining. For

example, pipeline construction on oil and gas leases are

classified in mining only up to the point where the distribution company takes over. At that point, pipeline

construction activity is classified in Sector 23, Construction. Some secondary mining construction activities are

classified in the construction sector. Examples of this

include: road construction; land clearing contracting;

land drainage contracting; and land leveling contracting.

• Other nonbuilding construction, nec. Includes all

types of nonbuilding construction not elsewhere classified.

VALUE ADDED ($1,000)

Value added is equal to value of business done, less

costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

and costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels.

VALUE OF BUSINESS DONE ($1,000)

Value of business done is the sum of value of construction work and other business receipts.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done by general contractors, heavy construction contractors, and special trades contractors. Included are new construction,

additions, alterations or reconstruction, and maintenance

and repair construction work. Also includes the value of

any construction work done by the reporting establishments for themselves. Speculative builders were

instructed to include the value of buildings and other

structures built or being built for sale in the reporting

year, but not sold. They were to include the costs of such

construction plus normal profit. Also included is the cost

of construction work done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation of construction components such as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and

building materials; paint, glass, and wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were

instructed to include both the value for the installation

and the receipts covering the price of the items installed.

Excluded are the cost of industrial and other special

machinery and equipment that are not an integral part of a

structure, and value of work done from business operations in foreign countries.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: ADDITIONS,

ALTERATIONS, OR RECONSTRUCTION ($1,000)

Includes construction work which adds to the value or

useful life of an existing building or structure or that

adapts a building or structure to a new or different use.

Included are major replacements of building systems,

such as the installation of a new roof or heating system

and the resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts

to the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets that would be classified as maintenance and repair.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE IN THIS

STATE ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done in a state

by general contractors, heavy construction contractors,

and special trades contractors.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR

ESTABLISHMENTS WITH INVENTORIES ($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments with

payroll that reported a dollar amount of inventory in the

reporting year.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX A A–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR

ESTABLISHMENTS WITH NO INVENTORIES ($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments with

payroll that reported having no dollar amount of inventory

in the reporting year.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: FOR

SPECIALIZED TYPE ($1,000)

Includes value of construction work for one of two specialized categories: types of construction; and kind-of

business activity. A construction establishment specializes

in a type of construction when fifty-one percent or more of

the construction work done is in one construction industry. The construction establishment reports each type of

construction it performs as a percent of value of construction work. Types of construction refers to the types of

buildings, structures, or facilities constructed or worked

on by construction establishments in the reporting year.

Specialization in types of construction displays data for

establishments with payroll that falls within each percent

range of specialization. A construction establishment specializes in a kind-of-business activity when fifty-one percent or more of the construction work done by the establishment is performed in one type of business activity. The

construction establishment reports each kind-of-business

activity engaged in as a percent of value of construction

work. Kind-of-business activity refers to the kinds of business activities construction establishments perform

throughout the reporting year. The following are examples

of kind-of-business activity: highway and street construction; electrical contracting; carpentry contracting; and concrete contracting. Specialization in kind-of-businessactivity displays data for establishments with payroll that

fall within each percent range of specialization.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: MAINTENANCE

AND REPAIR ($1,000)

Includes incidental construction work that keeps a

property in ordinary working condition. Excluded are trash

and snow removal, lawn maintenance and landscaping,

cleaning and janitorial services.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK: NEW

CONSTRUCTION ($1,000)

Includes the complete, original building of structures

and essential service facilities and the initial installation of

integral equipment such as elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning supplies and equipment.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON FEDERALLY

OWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for projects owned by

the Federal government.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON GOVERNMENT

OWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for the sum total of all

projects owned by Federal, state, and local governments.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON PRIVATELY

OWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for construction

projects other than government owned projects.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ON STATE AND

LOCALLY OWNED PROJECTS ($1,000)

The value of construction work for the sum total of all

projects owned by state and local governments.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK SUBCONTRACTED

IN FROM OTHERS ($1,000)

Includes the value of construction work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors to other contractors

or builders. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR

ESTABLISHMENTS NOT REPORTING INVENTORIES

($1,000)

The value of construction work for establishments that

did not report a dollar amount for inventories of materials

and supplies, and the value of construction work for

establishments that did not complete a census form.

VOLUNTARY EXPENDITURES ($1,000)

Includes expenditures made by the employer for life

insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums

on hospital and medical plans, welfare plans, and union

negotiated benefits.

A–8 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

23 CONSTRUCTION

The Construction sector comprises establishments

primarily engaged in the construction of buildings and

other structures, heavy construction (except buildings),

additions, alterations, reconstruction, installation, and

maintenance and repairs. Establishments engaged in

demolition or wrecking of buildings and other structures,

clearing of building sites, and sale of materials from

demolished structures are also included. This sector also

includes those establishments engaged in blasting, test

drilling, landfill, leveling, earthmoving, excavating, land

drainage, and other land preparation. The industries

within this sector have been defined on the basis of their

unique production processes. As with all industries, the

production processes are distinguished by their use of

specialized human resources and specialized physical

capital. Construction activities are generally administered

or managed at a relatively fixed place of business, but the

actual construction work is performed at one or more

different project sites.

This sector is divided into three subsectors of construction activities: (1) building construction and land subdivision and land development; (2) heavy construction (except

buildings), such as highways, power plants, and pipelines;

and (3) construction activity by special trade contractors.

Establishments classified in Subsector 233, Building,

Developing, and General Contracting and Subsector 234,

Heavy Construction, usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, and may subcontract some or

all of the actual construction work. Operative builders who

build on their own account for sale, and land subdividers

and land developers, who engage in subdividing real property into lots for sale, are included in Subsector 233, Building, Developing, and General Contracting. (Special trade

contractors are included in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction, if they are engaged in activities primarily relating to heavy construction, such as grading for highways.)

Establishments included in these subsectors operate as

general contractors, design-builders, engineerconstructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey

construction contractors. Establishments identified as

construction management firms are also included.

Establishments classified in Subsector 235, Special

Trade Contractors, are primarily engaged in specialized

construction activities, such as plumbing, painting, and

electrical work, and work for builders and general contractors under subcontract or directly for project owners.

Establishments engaged in demolition or wrecking of

buildings and other structures, dismantling of machinery,

excavating, shoring and underpinning, anchored earth

retention activities, foundation drilling, and grading for

buildings are also included in this subsector.

‘‘Force account’’ construction is construction work performed by an establishment primarily engaged in some

business other than construction, for its own account and

use, and by employees of the establishment. This activity

is not included in this industry sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate

establishment of the enterprise.

The installation of prefabricated building equipment

and materials, such as elevators and revolving doors, is

classified in the Construction sector. Installation work incidental to sales by employees of a manufacturing or retail

establishment is classified as an activity of those establishments.

233 Building, Developing, and General Contracting

Industries in the Building, Developing, and General Contracting subsector comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repair) of building projects.

Builders, developers, and general contractors, as well as

land subdividers and land developers are included in this

subsector. Establishments identified as construction management firms for building projects are also included. The

construction work may be for others and performed by

custom builders, general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors, or may be on their own account for sale

and performed by speculative or operative builders.

2331 Land Subdivision and Land Development

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23311, Land Subdivision and

Land Development.

23311 Land Subdivision and Land Development

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in subdividing real property into lots and/or

developing building lots for sale.

233110 Land Subdivision and Land Development

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in subdividing real property into lots and/or

developing building lots for sale.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
The data published with NAICS code 233110 include

the following SIC industries:

6552 Land subdividers and developers, except

cemeteries

2332 Residential Building Construction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in the following NAICS Industries: 23321, SingleFamily Housing Construction; and 23322, Multifamily

Housing Construction.

23321 Single-Family Housing Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of single family residential housing units (e.g., single family detached houses,

town houses, or row houses where each housing unit is

separated by a ground-to-roof wall and where no housing

units are constructed above or below). This industry

includes establishments responsible for additions and

alterations to mobile homes and on-site assembly of

modular and prefabricated houses. Establishments identified as single family construction management firms are

also included in this industry. Establishments in this industry may perform work for others or on their own account

for sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds of

establishments include single family housing custom

builders, general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey

contractors.

233210 Single-Family Housing Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of single family residential housing units (e.g., single family detached houses,

town houses, or row houses where each housing unit is

separated by a ground-to-roof wall and where no housing

units are constructed above or below). This industry

includes establishments responsible for additions and

alterations to mobile homes and on-site assembly of

modular and prefabricated houses. Establishments identified as single family construction management firms are

also included in this industry. Establishments in this industry may perform work for others or on their own account

for sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds of

establishments include single family housing custom

builders, general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 233210 include

the following SIC industries:

1521 General contractors—single-family houses

1531 Operative builders (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

23322 Multifamily Housing Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of multifamily residential housing units (e.g., highrise, garden, and town house

apartments where each unit is not separated by a groundto-roof wall). The units may be constructed for sale as

condominiums or cooperatives, or for rental as apartments. Establishments identified as multifamily construction management firms are also included in this industry.

Establishments in this industry may perform work for

others or on their own account for sale as speculative or

operative builders. Kinds of establishments include multifamily housing general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and

turnkey contractors.

233220 Multifamily Housing Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of multifamily residential housing units (e.g., highrise, garden, and town house

apartments where each unit is not separated by a groundto-roof wall). The units may be constructed for sale as

condominiums or cooperatives, or for rental as apartments. Establishments identified as multifamily construction management firms are also included in this industry.

Establishments in this industry may perform work for

others or on their own account for sale as speculative or

operative builders. Kinds of establishments include multifamily housing general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and

turnkey contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 233220 include

the following SIC industries:

1522 General contractors—residential buildings,

other than single-family (pt)

1531 Operative builders (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

2333 Nonresidential Building Construction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in the following NAICS Industries: 23331, Manufacturing and Industrial Building Construction; and 23332,

Commercial and Institutional Building Construction.

23331 Manufacturing and Industrial Building

Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of manufacturing and

industrial buildings (e.g., plants, mills, factories). Establishments identified as manufacturing and industrial building construction management firms are also included in

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this industry. Kinds of establishments include manufacturing and industrial building general contractors, design

builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors,

and turnkey contractors.

233310 Manufacturing and Industrial Building

Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of manufacturing and

industrial buildings (e.g., plants, mills, factories). Establishments identified as manufacturing and industrial building construction management firms are also included in

this industry. Kinds of establishments include manufacturing and industrial building general contractors, design

builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors,

and turnkey contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 233310 include

the following SIC industries:

1531 Operative builders (pt)

1541 General contractors—industrial buildings and

warehouses (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

23332 Commercial and Institutional Building

Construction

This industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of commercial and

institutional buildings (e.g., stores, schools, hospitals

office buildings, public warehouses). Establishments identified as commercial and institutional building construction management firms are also included in this industry.

Kinds of establishments include commercial and institutional building general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and

turnkey contractors.

233320 Commercial and Institutional Building

Construction

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs) of commercial and

institutional buildings (e.g., stores, schools, hospitals

office buildings, public warehouses). Establishments identified as commercial and institutional building construction management firms are also included in this industry.

Kinds of establishments include commercial and institutional building general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and

turnkey contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 233320 include

the following SIC industries:

1522 General contractors—residential buildings,

other than single-family (pt)

1531 Operative builders (pt)

1541 General contractors—industrial buildings and

warehouses (pt)

1542 General contractors—nonresidential buildings,

except industrial buildings and warehouses

8741 Management services (pt)

234 Heavy Construction

Industries in the Heavy Construction subsector group

establishments that engage in the construction of heavy

engineering and industrial projects (except buildings), for

example, highways, power plants, and pipelines. The construction work performed may include new work, reconstruction, or repairs. Establishments identified as heavy

construction management firms are also included. Establishments in this subsector usually assume responsibility

for entire nonbuilding projects but may subcontract some

or all of the actual construction work. Special trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in

activities primarily related to heavy construction, for

example, grading for highways. Kinds of establishments

include heavy construction general contractors, design

builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

2341 Highway, Street, Bridge, and Tunnel

Construction

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in the following NAICS industries: 23411, Highway and Street Construction; and 23412, Bridge and Tunnel Construction.

23411 Highway and Street Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of highways (except elevated),

streets, roads, or airport runways; (2) establishments identified as highway and street construction management

firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade

contractors engaged in performing subcontract work primarily related to highway and street construction (e.g.,

grading for highways, installing guardrails, public sidewalk construction). Establishments in this industry may

subcontract some or all of the actual construction work.

Kinds of establishments include highway and street general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,

and joint-venture contractors.

234110 Highway and Street Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of highways (except elevated),

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX B B–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
streets, roads, or airport runways; (2) establishments identified as highway and street construction management

firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade

contractors engaged in performing subcontract work primarily related to highway and street construction (e.g.,

grading for highways, installing guardrails, public sidewalk construction). Establishments in this industry may

subcontract some or all of the actual construction work.

Kinds of establishments include highway and street general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,

and joint-venture contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 234110 include

the following SIC industries:

1611 Highway and street construction contractors,

except elevated highways

8741 Management services (pt)

23412 Bridge and Tunnel Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of bridges, viaducts, elevated

highways, and tunnels; (2) establishments identified as

bridge and tunnel construction management firms; and (3)

establishments identified as special trade contractors primarily engaged in performing subcontract work related to

bridge and tunnel construction. Establishments in this

industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include bridge

and tunnel general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, and joint-venture contractors.

234120 Bridge and Tunnel Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of bridges, viaducts, elevated

highways, and tunnels; (2) establishments identified as

bridge and tunnel construction management firms; and (3)

establishments identified as special trade contractors primarily engaged in performing subcontract work related to

bridge and tunnel construction. Establishments in this

industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include bridge

and tunnel general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, and joint-venture contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 234120 include

the following SIC industries:

1622 Bridge, tunnel, and elevated highway

construction contractors

8741 Management services (pt)

2349 Other Heavy Construction

This industry group comprises establishments primarily

engaged in heavy nonbuilding construction (except highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construction).

23491 Water, Sewer, and Pipeline

Construction

on This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, rehabilitation, or repairs) of water mains,

sewers, drains, gas mains, natural gas pumping stations,

and gas and oil pipelines; (2) establishments identified as

water, sewer, and pipeline construction management

firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade

contractors engaged in activities primarily related to

water, sewer, and pipeline construction. Establishments in

this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual

construction work. Kinds of establishments include water,

sewer, and pipeline general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

234910 Water, Sewer, and Pipeline Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, rehabilitation, or repairs) of water mains,

sewers, drains, gas mains, natural gas pumping stations,

and gas and oil pipelines; (2) establishments identified as

water, sewer, and pipeline construction management

firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade

contractors engaged in activities primarily related to

water, sewer, and pipeline construction. Establishments in

this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual

construction work. Kinds of establishments include water,

sewer, and pipeline general contractors, design builders,

engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 234910 include

the following SIC industries:

1623 Water, sewer, pipeline, and communications

and power line construction (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

23492 Power and Communication Transmission

Line Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of electric power and communication transmission lines and towers, radio and television

transmitting/receiving towers, cable laying, and cable television lines; (2) establishments identified as power and

communication transmission line construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special

trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to

power and communication transmission line construction.

Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or

all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include power and communication transmission

line general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, and joint-venture contractors.

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U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
234920 Power and Communication Transmission

Line Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of electric power and communication transmission lines and towers, radio and television

transmitting/receiving towers, cable laying, and cable television lines; (2) establishments identified as power and

communication transmission line construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special

trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to

power and communication transmission line construction.

Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or

all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include power and communication transmission

line general contractors, design builders, engineerconstructors, and joint-venture contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 234920 include

the following SIC industries:

1623 Water, sewer, pipeline, and communications

and power line construction (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

23493 Industrial Nonbuilding Structure

Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy industrial nonbuilding

structures, such as chemical complexes or facilities,

cement plants, petroleum refineries, industrial incinerators, ovens, kilns, power plants (except hydroelectric

plants), and nuclear reactor containment structures; (2)

establishments identified as industrial nonbuilding construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities

primarily related to industrial nonbuilding construction.

Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or

all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include industrial nonbuilding general contractors,

design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture

contractors.

234930 Industrial Nonbuilding Structure

Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy industrial nonbuilding

structures, such as chemical complexes or facilities,

cement plants, petroleum refineries, industrial incinerators, ovens, kilns, power plants (except hydroelectric

plants), and nuclear reactor containment structures; (2)

establishments identified as industrial nonbuilding construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to industrial nonbuilding construction.

Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or

all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include industrial nonbuilding general contractors,

design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture

contractors.

The data published with NAICS code 234930 include

the following SIC industries:

1629 Heavy construction, n.e.c. (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

23499 All Other Heavy Construction

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily

responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy nonbuilding construction projects (except highway, street, bridge, tunnel, water

lines, sewer lines, pipelines, power and communication

transmission lines, and industrial nonbuilding structures);

(2) establishments identified as all other heavy construction management firms; (3) establishments primarily

engaged in construction equipment rental with an operator; and (4) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities related primarily to all other

heavy construction. Typical projects constructed by establishments in this industry include athletic fields, dams,

dikes, docks, drainage projects, golf courses, harbors,

parks, reservoirs, canals, sewage treatment plants, water

treatment plants, hydroelectric plants, subways, and other

mass transit projects. Establishments in this industry may

subcontract some or all of the actual construction work.

Kinds of establishments include heavy construction general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,

and joint-venture contractors.

234990 All Other Heavy Construction

This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work,

reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy nonbuilding construction projects (except highway, street, bridge, tunnel, water

lines, sewer lines, pipelines, power and communication

transmission lines, and industrial nonbuilding structures);

(2) establishments identified as all other heavy construction management firms; (3) establishments primarily

engaged in construction equipment rental with an operator; and (4) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities related primarily to all other

heavy construction. Typical projects constructed by establishments in this industry include athletic fields, dams,

dikes, docks, drainage projects, golf courses, harbors,

parks, reservoirs, canals, sewage treatment plants, water

treatment plants, hydroelectric plants, subways, and other

mass transit projects. Establishments in this industry may

subcontract some or all of the actual construction work.

Kinds of establishments include heavy construction general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors,

and joint-venture contractors.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX B B–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
The data published with NAICS code 234990 include

the following SIC industries:

1629 Heavy construction, n.e.c. (pt)

7353 Heavy construction equipment, rental and

leasing (pt)

8741 Management services (pt)

235 Special Trade Contractors

Industries in the Special Trade Contractors subsector

engage in specialized construction activities, such as

plumbing, painting, and electrical work. Those establishments that engage in activities primarily related to heavy

construction, such as grading for highways, are classified

in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction. The activities of

this subsector may be subcontracted from builders or general contractors or it may be performed directly for project

owners. The construction work performed may include

new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and

repairs. Special trade contractors usually perform most of

their work at the job site, although they may have shops

where they perform prefabrication and other work.

2351 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23511, Plumbing, Heating,

and Air-Conditioning Contractors.

23511 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) installing

plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; (2)

servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment.

The plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and

maintenance and repairs. The activities performed by

these establishments range from duct fabrication and

installation at the site to installation of refrigeration equipment, installation of sprinkler systems, and installation of

environmental controls.

235110 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) installing

plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; (2)

servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment.

The plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and

maintenance and repairs. The activities performed by

these establishments range from duct fabrication and

installation at the site to installation of refrigeration equipment, installation of sprinkler systems, and installation of

environmental controls.

The data published with NAICS code 235110 include

the following SIC industry:

1711 Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning special

trade contractors

This definition comes from the 1997 NAICS manual.

However, for this industry, the 1997 Economic Census--

Construction did not fully implement the conversion to

NAICS. Data for NAICS industry 235110 do not include

establishments whose primary activity is boiler cleaning.

The NAICS definitions will be fully implemented with the

2002 Economic Census.

2352 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23521, Painting and Wall

Covering Contractors.

23521 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in interior or exterior painting and interior wall

covering. The painting and wall covering work performed

includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by these establishments range from bridge, ship, and traffic lane painting to

paint and wall covering removal.

235210 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in interior or exterior painting and interior wall

covering. The painting and wall covering work performed

includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by these establishments range from bridge, ship, and traffic lane painting to

paint and wall covering removal.

The data published with NAICS code 235210 include

the following SIC industries:

1721 Painting and paper hanging special trade

contractors

1799 Special trade contractors, n.e.c. (pt)

2353 Electrical Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23531, Electrical Contractors.

23531 Electrical Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) performing

electrical work at the site (e.g., installing wiring); (2) servicing electrical equipment at the site; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing electrical equipment. The electrical work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

B–6 APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
235310 Electrical Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) performing

electrical work at the site (e.g., installing wiring); (2) servicing electrical equipment at the site; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing electrical equipment. The electrical work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235310 include

the following SIC industry:

1731 Electrical work special trade contractors

2354 Masonry, Drywall, Insulation, and Tile

Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in the following NAICS Industries: 23541,

Masonry and Stone Contractors; 23542, Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, and Insulation Contractors; and 23543,

Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic Contractors.

23541 Masonry and Stone Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stone

work. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stone

work performed includes new work, additions, alterations,

and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by

establishments in this industry range from the construction of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glass

block laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; and

tuck pointing.

235410 Masonry and Stone Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stone

work. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stone

work performed includes new work, additions, alterations,

and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by

establishments in this industry range from the construction of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glass

block laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; and

tuck pointing.

The data published with NAICS code 235410 include

the following SIC industry:

1741 Masonry, stone setting, and other stone work

special trade contractors

23542 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, and

Insulation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and building

insulation work. The drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and

insulation work performed includes new work, additions,

alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Plaster work

includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, including

installation of lathing to receive plaster.

235420 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, and

Insulation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and building

insulation work. The drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and

insulation work performed includes new work, additions,

alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Plaster work

includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, including

installation of lathing to receive plaster.

The data published with NAICS code 235420 include

the following SIC industries:

1742 Plastering, drywall, acoustical, and insulation

work special trade contractors

1743 Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work special

trade contractors (pt)

1771 Concrete work special trade contractors (pt)

23543 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic

Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in (1) setting and installing ceramic tile, marble

(interior only), terrazzo, and mosaic and/or (2) mixing

marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job

site. The tile, marble, terrazzo, and mosaic work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and

maintenance and repairs.

235430 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic

Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in (1) setting and installing ceramic tile, marble

(interior only), terrazzo, and mosaic and/or (2) mixing

marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job

site. The tile, marble, terrazzo, and mosaic work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and

maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235430 include

the following SIC industry:

1743 Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work special

trade contractors (pt)

2355 Carpentry and Floor Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in the following NAICS Industries: 23551,

Carpentry Contractors; and 23552, Floor Laying and Other

Floor Contractors.

23551 Carpentry Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in framing, carpentry, and finishing work. The

carpentry work performed includes new work, additions,

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX B B–7

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by establishments in this industry range from the

installation of doors and windows to paneling, steel framing work, and ship joinery.

235510 Carpentry Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in framing, carpentry, and finishing work. The

carpentry work performed includes new work, additions,

alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by establishments in this industry range from the

installation of doors and windows to paneling, steel framing work, and ship joinery.

The data published with NAICS code 235510 include

the following SIC industry:

1751 Carpentry work special trade contractors

23552 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting,

linoleum, and wood or resilient flooring. The floor laying

and other floor work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235520 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting,

linoleum, and wood or resilient flooring. The floor laying

and other floor work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235520 include

the following SIC industry:

1752 Floor laying and other floor work special trade

contractors, n.e.c.

2356 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23561, Roofing, Siding, and

Sheet Metal Contractors.

23561 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal

Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the installation of roofing, siding, sheet metal

work, and roof drainage-related work, such as downspouts and gutters. Activities performed by these establishments also include treating roofs (i.e., by spraying,

painting, or coating), copper smithing, tin smithing,

installing skylights, installing metal ceilings, flashing, duct

work, and capping. The roofing, siding, and sheet metal

work performed includes new work, additions, alterations,

and maintenance and repairs.

235610 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal

Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the installation of roofing, siding, sheet metal

work, and roof drainage-related work, such as downspouts and gutters. Activities performed by these establishments also include treating roofs (i.e., by spraying,

painting, or coating), copper smithing, tin smithing,

installing skylights, installing metal ceilings, flashing, duct

work, and capping. The roofing, siding, and sheet metal

work performed includes new work, additions, alterations,

and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235610 include

the following SIC industry:

1761 Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work special

trade contractors

2357 Concrete Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23571, Concrete Contractors.

23571 Concrete Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the use of concrete and asphalt to produce

parking areas, building foundations, structures, and

retaining walls, and in the use of all materials to produce

patios, private driveways, and private walks. Activities

performed by these establishments include grout and

shotcrete work. The concrete work performed includes

new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and

repairs.

235710 Concrete Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the use of concrete and asphalt to produce

parking areas, building foundations, structures, and

retaining walls, and in the use of all materials to produce

patios, private driveways, and private walks. Activities

performed by these establishments include grout and

shotcrete work. The concrete work performed includes

new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and

repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235710 include

the following SIC industry:

1771 Concrete work special trade contractors (pt)

2358 Water Well Drilling Contractors

This NAICS Industry Group includes establishments

classified in NAICS Industry 23581, Water Well Drilling

Contractors.

23581 Water Well Drilling Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in drilling, tapping, and capping of water wells,

and geothermal drilling. The water well drilling work performed includes new work, servicing, and maintenance

and repairs.

B–8 APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
235810 Water Well Drilling Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in drilling, tapping, and capping of water wells,

and geothermal drilling. The water well drilling work performed includes new work, servicing, and maintenance

and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235810 include

the following SIC industry:

1781 Water well drilling special trade contractors

2359 Other Special Trade Contractors

This industry group comprises establishments primarily

engaged in specialized construction activities (except

plumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile, carpentry, flooring work, roofing, siding, sheet

metal, concrete, and water well drilling).

23591 Structural Steel Erection Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) erecting

metal, structural steel, and similar products of prestressed

or precast concrete to produce structural elements, building exteriors, and elevator fronts; (2) setting rods, bars,

rebar, mesh, and cages, to reinforce poured-in-place concrete; and (3) erecting cooling towers and metal storage

tanks. The structural steel erection work performed

includes new work, additions, alterations, reconstruction,

and maintenance and repairs.

235910 Structural Steel Erection Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) erecting

metal, structural steel, and similar products of prestressed

or precast concrete to produce structural elements, building exteriors, and elevator fronts; (2) setting rods, bars,

rebar, mesh, and cages, to reinforce poured-in-place concrete; and (3) erecting cooling towers and metal storage

tanks. The structural steel erection work performed

includes new work, additions, alterations, reconstruction,

and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235910 include

the following SIC industry:

1791 Structural steel erection special trade

contractors

23592 Glass and Glazing Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in installing glass (i.e., glazing work) and/or tinting glass. The glass work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235920 Glass and Glazing Contractors This U.S. industry

comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing

glass (i.e., glazing work) and/or tinting glass. The glass

work performed includes new work, additions, alterations,

and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235920 include

the following SIC industries:

1793 Glass and glazing work special trade

contractors

1799 Special trade contractors, n.e.c. (pt)

23593 Excavation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in preparing land for building construction.

Activities performed by these establishments are drilling

shafts, foundation digging, foundation drilling, and grading. The excavation work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs.

235930 Excavation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in preparing land for building construction.

Activities performed by these establishments are drilling

shafts, foundation digging, foundation drilling, and grading. The excavation work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235930 include

the following SIC industry:

1794 Excavation work special trade contractors

23594 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the wrecking and demolition of buildings and

other structures, including underground tank removal and

the dismantling of steel oil tanks, except those for hazardous materials. The establishments engaged in wrecking

and demolition work may or may not sell materials

derived from demolishing operations.

235940 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in the wrecking and demolition of buildings and

other structures, including underground tank removal and

the dismantling of steel oil tanks, except those for hazardous materials. The establishments engaged in wrecking

and demolition work may or may not sell materials

derived from demolishing operations.

The data published with NAICS code 235940 include

the following SIC industry:

1795 Wrecking and demolition work special trade

contractors

23595 Building Equipment and Other Machinery

Installation Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) the installation or dismantling of building equipment, machinery or

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX B B–9

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
other industrial equipment (except plumbing, heating, air

conditioning or electrical equipment); (2) machine rigging;

and (3) millwriting. Types of equipment installed include

automated and revolving doors, conveyor systems, dumbwaiters, dust collecting equipment, elevators, small incinerators, pneumatic tubes systems, and built-in vacuum

cleaning systems. The building equipment and other

machinery installation work performed includes new

work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235950 Building Equipment and Other Machinery

Installation Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in one or more of the following: (1) the installation or dismantling of building equipment, machinery or

other industrial equipment (except plumbing, heating, air

conditioning or electrical equipment); (2) machine rigging;

and (3) millwriting. Types of equipment installed include

automated and revolving doors, conveyor systems, dumbwaiters, dust collecting equipment, elevators, small incinerators, pneumatic tubes systems, and built-in vacuum

cleaning systems. The building equipment and other

machinery installation work performed includes new

work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235950 include

the following SIC industry:

1796 Installation or erection of building equipment,

special trade contractors, n.e.c.

23599 All Other Special Trade Contractors

This industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in specialized construction work, (except plumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile,

carpentry, flooring, roofing, siding, sheet metal work, concrete work, glass and glazing, structural steel erection,

excavation, wrecking and demolition, and building equipment installation work). Activities undertaken by these

establishments include constructing swimming pools and

fences, house moving, waterproofing, dewatering, dampproofing, fireproofing, and sandblasting; installing antennas, artificial turf, awnings, countertops, fire escapes,

forms for poured concrete, gasoline pumps, lightning conductors, ornamental metal, shoring systems, and signs (on

buildings); and specialized activities, such as bathtub

refinishing, coating and glazing of concrete surfaces, gas

leakage detection, insulation of pipes and boilers, mobile

home site setup and tie-down, posthole digging, radon

remediation, scaffolding work, and on-site welding. The

other special trade work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

235990 All Other Special Trade Contractors

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in specialized construction work, (except plumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile,

carpentry, flooring, roofing, siding, sheet metal work, concrete work, glass and glazing, structural steel erection,

excavation, wrecking and demolition, and building equipment installation work). Activities undertaken by these

establishments include constructing swimming pools and

fences, house moving, waterproofing, dewatering, dampproofing, fireproofing, and sandblasting; installing antennas, artificial turf, awnings, countertops, fire escapes,

forms for poured concrete, gasoline pumps, lightning conductors, ornamental metal, shoring systems, and signs (on

buildings); and specialized activities, such as bathtub

refinishing, coating and glazing of concrete surfaces, gas

leakage detection, insulation of pipes and boilers, mobile

home site setup and tie-down, posthole digging, radon

remediation, scaffolding work, and on-site welding. The

other special trade work performed includes new work,

additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

The data published with NAICS code 235990 include

the following SIC industry:

1799 Special trade contractors, n.e.c. (pt)

B–10 APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Coverage and Methodology

THE SAMPLE FRAME

The universe for the construction sector includes

approximately 650,000 establishments. This includes only

those construction establishments with at least one paid

employee in 1997. Census reports were mailed to a

sample of approximately 130,000 establishments.

The sample frame consisted of the entire construction

universe; there were no subpopulations that were explicitly removed from the sample frame. The sample frame

was compiled from a list of all construction companies in

the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and

the Social Security Administration (SSA) which are subject

to the payment of Federal Insurance Contributions Act

taxes. Under special arrangements to safeguard their confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau obtains information on

the location and classification of the companies, as well as

their payroll and receipts data from these sources. Unfortunately, these sources do not provide establishment level

information for companies with multiple locations. For

multilocation companies, the establishment level information is directly obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s

Company Organization Survey.

While the IRS-SSA list usually provided sufficient classification information to assign a company to the proper economic sector, there were cases for which the information

was incomplete or missing. A classification form was

mailed to companies with insufficient information to be

assigned to an industry. This form requested information

on the nature of the company’s activities. Companies

determined to be in scope of the construction sector subsequent to the census mailout were treated as a supplement to the universe rather than part of the sample frame.

SAMPLE SELECTION

The major objective of the sample design was to provide a sample that would provide reliable estimates for

each state and construction industry. A stratified random

sample was designed. Within each state by industry cell,

six strata were defined.

• Stratum 1 was comprised of approximately 12,000

establishments of companies that had operations of any

type at more than one location. These establishments of

multiunit companies were included in the construction

sample with certainty.

• Strata 2-6 were comprised of single-location companies.

For each industry, payroll cut-offs were determined at

the U.S. level and used to define the payroll ranges for

each of the strata 2-6 across all states.

All establishments in stratum 2 were included in the

construction sample with certainty. These consisted of

the largest single-location construction companies.

For strata 3-6, a random sample of establishments

was selected. The general strategy was to sample the

strata containing larger establishments at a higher rate

than those containing small establishments. The minimum sample rate was 1 in 20.

For five industries, the U.S. population in the sample

frame was quite small. For these industries, all establishments in the sample frame were included in the sample

with certainty. These industries were as follows:

• SIC 1622: Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors

• SIC 1795: Wrecking and Demolition Work

• SIC 1796: Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Not Elsewhere Classified

• SIC 7353: Equipment Rental with Operators

• SIC 8741: Construction Management

ESTIMATION AND VARIANCES

Based on the response data, establishments were

assigned to the appropriate NAICS industry. At each level

of tabulation, unbiased estimates were derived by summing the weighted establishment data where the establishment sample weight was equal to the inverse of its

probability of selection for the construction sample.

Variances of the estimated items were derived at the

state level, industry, and by stratum using standard stratified random sample formulas. Variances were then aggregated to the publication levels for the computation of the

relative standard errors.

RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES

The estimates developed from the sample can differ

somewhat from the results of a survey covering all companies in the sample lists but are otherwise conducted under

essentially the same conditions as the actual sample survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling

errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and

the results theoretically obtained from a comparable,

complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard

errors of estimates.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
The particular sample selected for the construction sector is one of many similar probability samples that, by

chance, might have been selected under the same specifications. Each of the possible samples would yield somewhat different sets of results, and the standard errors are

measures of the variation of all the possible sample estimates around the theoretically, comparable, completecoverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed

from the sample data. They are presented in the form of

relative standard errors which are the standard errors

divided by the estimated values to which they refer.

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative

standard error may be used to define confidence intervals,

or ranges, that would include the comparable, completecoverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples.

The complete-coverage value would be included in the

range:

• From one standard error below to one standard error

above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all

possible samples.

• From two standard errors below to two standard errors

above the derived estimate for about 19 out of 20 of all

possible samples.

• From three standard errors below to three standard

errors above the derived estimate for nearly all samples.

An inference is that the comparable complete-survey

result would fall within the indicated ranges and the relative frequencies shown. Those proportions, therefore, may

be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular sample would differ from

complete-coverage results by as much as one, two, or

three standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at

50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of

50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence

that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the completecoverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval

47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of

collection; reporting; coding; transcription; imputation for

nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would

occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under

the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of

their effects generally are not available. However, it is

believed that most of the important operational errors

were detected and corrected during the U.S. Census

Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To

some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated

totals shown. When important operational errors were

detected too late to correct the estimates, the data were

suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part

of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors,

which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and

operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shown

in the tables of this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 75 percent may be combined with

higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which

then may be of acceptable reliability.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Each establishment covered in the construction sector

was classified in one of twenty eight industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the 1997 NAICS

(North American Industry Classification System) manual.

The U.S. Census Bureau first used NAICS to classify industries for 1997 economic census data. Prior to this the U.S.

Census Bureau used SIC (Standard Industrial Classification)

for industry classification. The differences between NAICS

and SIC are outlined in Appendix A of the 1997 NAICS

manual.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as

a group of establishments that use similar processes or

have similar business activities. To the extent practical,

the system uses supply-based or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value

added, value of business, and number of employees.

The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive

additions of numerical digits. In the construction sector

for 1997, there are 3 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 14

industry groups (four-digit NAICS), and 28 NAICS industries (five- and six-digit NAICS). The five-digit NAICS is

supposed to be the level at which there is comparability

with the Canadian and Mexican classification systems.

However, agreement had not been reached with these

countries at the time of the 1997 Economic Census regarding the classification of construction industries. The 28

five- and six-digit NAICS construction industries are the

result of an expansion and a restructuring of the 26 fourdigit SIC industries of 1987.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The construction sector is conducted on an establishment basis. A construction establishment is defined as a

relatively permanent office or other place of business

where the usual business activities related to construction

C–2 APPENDIX C CONSTRUCTION

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
are conducted. With some exceptions, a relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job and which is

expected to be maintained on a continuing basis. Such

establishment activities include, but are not limited to,

estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and operation of the actual construction work being conducted at

one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during any part of the census

year. The construction sector figures represent a tabulation of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

at the same place of business, it was requested to file a

separate report for each activity, provided that the activity

was of substantial size and separate records were maintained. If a separate establishment report could not be

prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment providing that the value of construction work exceeded the

gross receipts from each of its other activities.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported

by all construction establishments in each of the industry,

geographic area, or other groupings contains varying

amounts of duplication. This is because the construction

work of one firm may be subcontracted to other construction firms and may also be included in the subcontractors’

value of construction work. Also, part of the value of construction results from the use of products of nonconstruction industries as input materials. These products are

counted in the nonconstruction industry as well as part of

the value of construction. Value added avoids this duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries or

geographic areas. Value added for construction industries

is defined as the dollar value of business done less costs

for construction work subcontracted to others and payments for materials, components, supplies, and fuels.

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan Areas

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
EC97C23S-AS 1997 United States Area Summary 1997 Economic Census Construction Subject Series USCENSUSBUREAU