Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies 1 

Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 

2021: Admissions to and Discharges 

from Substance Use Treatment 

Services Reported by Single State 

Agencies
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies i 

Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services Reported by Single State Agencies

Acknowledgments

Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

Reported by Single State Agencies was prepared for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services 

Administration (SAMHSA) under Contract No. 75S20320C00001 with SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services (HHS). Heydy Juarez served as the Contracting Officer’s Representative. 

Disclaimer 

The views, opinions, and content of this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views, 

opinions, or policies of SAMHSA. Nothing in this document constitutes a direct or indirect endorsement by 

SAMHSA or HHS of any non-federal entity’s products, services, or policies.

Public Domain Notice

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission 

from SAMHSA. Citation of the source is appreciated. However, this publication may not be reproduced or 

distributed for a fee without the specific, written authorization of the Office of Communications, SAMHSA, HHS.

Electronic Access and Printed Copies

Products may be downloaded or ordered at https://store.samhsa.gov or by calling SAMHSA at 1-877-SAMHSA-7 

(1-877-726-4727). 

Recommended Citation

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: 

Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies. 

Publication No. PEP23-07-00-004 MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and 

Mental Health Services Administration, 2023. 

Originating Office

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 

5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, SAMHSA Publication Number PEP23-07-00-004. Released 2023.

SAMHSA Nondiscrimination Notice

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) complies with applicable federal civil 

rights laws and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, religion, or sex 

(including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity). SAMHSA does not exclude people or treat them 

differently because of race, color, national origin, age, disability, religion, or sex (including pregnancy, sexual 

orientation, and gender identity). 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality

Office of Treatment Services

Publication Number 23-07-00-004

Released 2023 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies ii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................... 1

Section 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 3

Section 2. Methodology and Data Notes .................................................................................................................. 4

2.A Data Presented in the 2021 TEDS Annual Report....................................................................................... 4

2.B Data Reporting and Exclusions ................................................................................................................... 4

2.C Data Notes................................................................................................................................................... 4

Section 3. Characteristics of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges.......................................... 5

3.A Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021 ............................................... 6

3.B Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021.......................................... 12

Section 4. National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions and 

Discharges ................................................................................................................................................................ 17

4.A National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services,

2021 ................................................................................................................................................................... 18

4.B National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................... 21

Section 5. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges............................ 24

5.A Morbidity Status Among Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021 ................................. 24

5.B Morbidity Status Among Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021.............................. 25

Section 6. Geographic Distribution of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges by State ......... 26

6.A Overall Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges by State, 2021......................................... 27

6.B Substance Use Treatment Admissions by Top 6 Primary Substances, 2021............................................. 28

6.C Substance Use Treatment Discharges by Top 6 Primary Substances, 2021 .............................................. 31

Section 7. Limitations.............................................................................................................................................. 34

Section 8. Endnotes.................................................................................................................................................. 35

Appendix A. Definitions........................................................................................................................................ A.1

Appendix B. Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 by Year of Admission................. B.1

Appendix C. State Reporting Characteristics ..................................................................................................... C.1

Appendix D. Data Tables, Characteristics of Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services in 2021................................................................................................................................... D.1

Appendix E. Data Tables, National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Substance Use Treatment 

Admissions and Discharges, 2021......................................................................................................................... E.1

Appendix F. Data Tables, Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions and 

Discharges, 2021......................................................................................................................................................F.1

Appendix G. Data Tables, Geographic Distribution of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and 

Discharges by State, 2021......................................................................................................................................G.1

Appendix H. Overall Missing Admissions and Discharges Counts and Percentages by Key 

Characteristics, 2021 .............................................................................................................................................H.1

Appendix I. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Detailed Overview................................................................I.1
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies iii

List of Figures

Figure 3.A.1 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Age in 2021..................................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 3.A.2 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Sex 

in 2021 ............................................................................................................................................ 6

Figure 3.A.3 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Race in 2021................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 3.A.4 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Ethnicity in 2021 ........................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 3.A.5 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Treatment 

Referral Source in 2021 ................................................................................................................ 8

Figure 3.A.6 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Treatment Referral 

Source in 2021 ............................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 3.A.7 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of 

Treatment Service in 2021............................................................................................................ 9

Figure 3.A.8 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of Treatment 

Service in 2021............................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3.A.9 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 

Primary Substances in 2021 ....................................................................................................... 10

Figure 3.A.10 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary 

Substances in 2021 ...................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 3.A.11 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Years of 

Education Completed Among Ages 18 and Over in 2021........................................................ 11

Figure 3.B.1 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Age in 2021................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 3.B.2 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Sex in 2021 ................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 3.B.3 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Race in 2021................................................................................................................................. 13

Figure 3.B.4 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by

Ethnicity in 2021 ......................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 3.B.5 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of 

Treatment Service in 2021 ........................................................................................................ 14

Figure 3.B.6 Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of 

Treatment Service in 2021 ........................................................................................................ 14

Figure 3.B.7 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 

Primary Substances in 2021 ....................................................................................................... 15

Figure 3.B.8 Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary 

Substances in 2021 ...................................................................................................................... 15
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies iv

Figure 3.B.9 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Reason in 2021............................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 4.A.1 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Living 

Arrangements in 2021................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 4.A.2 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Employment 

Status Among Ages 16 and Over in 2021 .................................................................................. 18

Figure 4.A.3 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Number of 

Arrests in the Past 30 days in 2021 ............................................................................................ 19

Figure 4.A.4 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Detailed 

Criminal Justice Referral in 2021.............................................................................................. 19

Figure 4.A.5 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Attendance at 

Self-Help Groups in Past 30 Days in 2021................................................................................. 20

Figure 4.B.1 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Living 

Arrangements in 2021................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 4.B.2 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

Employment Status Among Ages 16 and Over in 2021 ........................................................... 21

Figure 4.B.3 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Number of 

Arrests in the Past 30 days in 2021 ............................................................................................ 22

Figure 4.B.4 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Attendance 

at Self-Help Groups in Past 30 Days in 2021 ............................................................................ 22

Figure 4.B.5 Mean Length of Stay at Discharge by Type of Treatment Service Received in 2021............ 23

Figure 4.B.6 Median Length of Stay at Discharge by Type of Treatment Service Received in 

2021 .............................................................................................................................................. 23

Figure 5.A.1 Percentages and Rates of Morbidity Status of Admissions to Substance Use 

Treatment Services in 2021 ........................................................................................................ 24

Figure 5.B.1 Percentages and Rates of Morbidity Status of Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services in 2021 ........................................................................................................ 25

Figure 6.A.1 Counts and Rates of the Overall Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 ........................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 6.A.2 Counts and Rates of the Overall Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services by State in 2021 ............................................................................................................ 27

Figure 6.B.1 Counts and Rates of Alcohol Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

State in 2021................................................................................................................................. 28

Figure 6.B.2 Counts and Rates of Heroin Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

State in 2021................................................................................................................................. 28

Figure 6.B.3 Counts and Rates of Methamphetamine Admissions to Substance Use Treatment 

Services by State in 2021 ............................................................................................................ 29

Figure 6.B.4 Counts and Rates of Marijuana/Hashish Admissions to Substance Use Treatment 

Services by State in 2021 ............................................................................................................ 29
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies v 

Figure 6.B.5 Counts and Rates of Other Opiates/Synthetics Admissions to Substance Use 

Treatment Services by State in 2021 ......................................................................................... 30

Figure 6.B.6 Counts and Rates of Cocaine Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

State in 2021................................................................................................................................. 30

Figure 6.C.1 Counts and Rates of Alcohol Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 ........................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 6.C.2 Counts and Rates of Heroin Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 ........................................................................................................................... 31

Figure 6.C.3 Counts and Rates of Methamphetamine Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services by State in 2021 ......................................................................................... 32

Figure 6.C.4 Counts and Rates of Marijuana/Hashish Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services by State in 2021 ......................................................................................... 32

Figure 6.C.5 Counts and Rates of Other Opiates/Synthetics Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services by State in 2021 ......................................................................................... 33

Figure 6.C.6 Counts and Rates of Cocaine Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 ........................................................................................................................... 33
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies vi 

List of Tables

Table B-1. Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 by Year of Admission .......... B.1

Table C-1. State Data System Reporting Characteristics in 2021 ........................................................... C.1

Table D-1. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 ..................... D.1

Table D-2. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 

(continued)................................................................................................................................. D.2

Table D-3. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 

(continued)................................................................................................................................. D.3

Table D-4. Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021................. D.4

Table D-5. Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 

(continued)................................................................................................................................. D.5

Table E-1. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 

2021 ............................................................................................................................................ E.1

Table E-2. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 

2021 (continued)........................................................................................................................ E.2

Table E-3. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Discharges in 2021.......... E.3

Table E-4. Length of Stay by Type of Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021................................ E.4

Table F-1. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 2021.............................F.1

Table F-2. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Discharges in 2021..............................F.1

Table G-1. Characteristics of Admissions and Discharges from Treatment Services by State, 

2021 ............................................................................................................................................G.1

Table G-2. Counts of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 .........................................................................................................................G.2

Table G-3. Percentages of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment 

Services by State in 2021 ..........................................................................................................G.3

Table G-4. Rates of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment Services by 

State in 2021...............................................................................................................................G.4

Table G-5. Counts of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 .........................................................................................................................G.5

Table G-6. Percentages of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment 

Services by State in 2021 ..........................................................................................................G.6

Table G-7. Rates of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment Services 

by State in 2021 .........................................................................................................................G.7

Table H-1. Overall Missing Admissions Counts and Percentages by Key Characteristics in 

2021 ............................................................................................................................................H.1

Table H-2. Overall Missing Discharges Counts and Percentages by Key Characteristics in 

2021 ............................................................................................................................................H.1
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 1 

Executive Summary

The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) is collected for and reported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health

Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ). TEDS

provides episode-level data on clients aged 12 and older receiving substance use treatment services from facilities

that are licensed or certified by their respective single state agencies (SSAs). For each treatment episode, TEDS

collects data on client’s characteristics, substance(s) used, the type and duration of treatment service(s) received, 

years of education completed, and National Outcome Measures (NOMs). The NOMs presented in this report include

stability in housing, employment status, criminal justice involvement, social support, retention in treatment, and

abstinence. Data on past month abstinence vs. use of alcohol or drugs are presented in a separate section called 

Morbidity Status. 

TEDS data are processed and stored as two separate data sets, TEDS-A (admissions) and TEDS-D (discharges). 

This report presents findings from 1,482,543 admissions to and 1,351,748 discharges from substance use treatment 

services as reported by SSAs in 2021. TEDS represents admissions and discharges, not clients, as a client can have 

multiple treatment episodes each year. TEDS serves as a repository for treatment data routinely collected by states

for the purposes of monitoring their substance use treatment systems. SAMHSA uses TEDS to enhance their

understanding of publicly funded substance use treatment services provided and monitor grantee and program

performance.

Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among admissions, the top two age categories were 21-34 years old (39.2%, N = 581,460) and 45 and older

(29.0%, N = 430,337). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by age categories were 966 for those

who were 35-44 years old and 963 for those who were 21-34 years old.

• Among admissions, 65.4% (N = 968,353) were male and 34.6% (N = 512,936) were female. The rates per

100,000 population1,2 by sex were 717 for male and 368 for female.

• Among admissions, the top two race groups were White (66.5%, N = 921,323) and Black or African American

(19.3%, N = 267,861). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by race were 1,602 for American Indian

or Alaska Native and 1,541 for Other race.3

• Among admissions, 14.5% (N = 197,305) were of Hispanic or Latino origin and 85.5% (N = 1,162,862) were

Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by ethnicity were 381 for those of

Hispanic or Latino origin and 522 for those Not of Hispanic or Latino origin.

• Among admissions, the top two primary substances used were alcohol (34.8%, N = 439,755) and heroin

(20.2%, N = 255,401). The two highest rates per 100,0001,2 by primary substance use were 160 for alcohol use

and 93 for heroin use.

• Among admissions, the top two years of education3 completed categories were 12 years or General Educational

Development (GED) (50.4%, N = 569,020) and 13 to 15 years (20.2%, N = 227,713).

Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among discharges, the top two age categories were 21-34 years old (39.7%, N = 536,956) and 45 and older

(28.9%, N = 390,228). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by age categories were 867 for both 21-

34 years old and 35-44 years old.

• Among discharges, 64.7% (N = 874,157) were male and 35.3% (N = 476,674) were female. The rates per

100,000 population1,2 by sex were 631 for male and 334 for female.

• Among discharges, the top two race groups were White (68.1%, N = 878,509) and Black or African American

(18.0%, N = 231,508). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by race were 1,389 for Other race3 and

1,318 for American Indian or Alaska Native.

• Among discharges, 13.4% (N = 173,308) were of Hispanic or Latino origin and 86.6% (N = 1,119,464) were

Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by ethnicity were 330 for those of

Hispanic or Latino origin and 490 for those Not of Hispanic or Latino origin.

• Among discharges, the top two primary substances used were alcohol (33.4%, N = 401,334) and heroin (21.9%,

N = 262,546). The two highest rates per 100,0001,2 by primary substance use were 143 for alcohol use and 93

for heroin use.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 2 

National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among admissions, the top two living arrangements3 were independent living (68.1%, N = 786,182) and

experiencing homelessness (16.3%, N = 188,222).

• Among admissions, the top two employment statuses3 were unemployed (45.2%, N = 524,803) and not in labor

force (29.9%, N = 346,901).

• Among admissions, the top two number of arrests3 in the past 30 days were no arrests (93.9%, N = 1,068,533)

and one arrest (5.1%, N = 58,363).

• Among admissions, the top two detailed criminal justice referrals3 were probation/parole (41.3%, N = 85,489)

and state/federal court (16.3%, N = 33,832).

• Among admissions, the top two frequencies of attendance at self-help groups3 in past 30 days were none in the

past month (79.3%, N = 844,789) and 8-30 times in the past month (8.4%, N = 89,270).

National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among discharges, the top two living arrangements3 were independent living (69.4%, N = 720,480) and

dependent living (17.8%, N = 185,201).

• Among discharges, the top two employment statuses3 were unemployed (41.6%, N = 455,327) and not in labor

force (30.5%, N = 333,339).

• Among discharges, the top two number of arrests3 in the past 30 days were no arrests (94.3%, N = 1,026,364)

and one arrest (4.0%, N = 44,039).

• Among discharges, the top two frequencies of attendance at self-help groups3 in the past 30 days were none in

the past month (69.4%, N = 745,888) and 8-30 times in the past month (13.5%, N = 144,725).

Morbidity Status Among Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among admissions, 23.1% (N = 342,772) were abstinent and 61.7% (N = 914,243) reported substance use. The

rates per 100,000 population1,2 by morbidity status3 were 125 for those who were abstinent and 333 for those

who reported substance use.

Morbidity Status Among Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

• Among discharges, 29.3% (N = 395,571) were abstinent and 49.0% (N = 662,566) reported substance use. The

rates per 100,000 population by morbidity status3 were 141 for those who were abstinent and 236 for those who

reported substance use.

Geographic Distribution of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 2021

• Ten states (New York, Arizona, California, Maryland, New Jersey, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota,

Massachusetts, and Connecticut) accounted for 64.3% (N = 952,833) of admissions to substance use treatment

services.

• Ten states (Arizona, South Dakota, Maryland, Connecticut, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, New Jersey,

Rhode Island, and Massachusetts) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between

900 – 2,618) of admissions to substance use treatment services.

Geographic Distribution of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 2021

• Ten states (New York, Arizona, North Carolina, California, New Jersey, Kentucky, Michigan, Colorado,

Massachusetts, and Connecticut) accounted for 68.8% (N = 929,937) of discharges from substance use

treatment services.

• Ten states (Arizona, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Dakota, Connecticut, Colorado, New York, New Jersey,

Rhode Island, and Alaska) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between 900 – 2,471) of discharges

from substance use treatment services.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 3 

Section 1. Introduction 

Overview 

The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) is collected for and reported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health

Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ). TEDS

provides episode-level data on clients aged 12 and older receiving substance use treatment services from facilities

that are licensed or certified by their respective single state agencies (SSAs). For each treatment episode, TEDS

collects data on client’s characteristics, substance(s) used, the type and duration of treatment service(s) received,

years of education completed (ages 18 and over), and National Outcome Measures (NOMs). The NOMs presented

in this report include stability in housing (living arrangements), employment status (ages 16 and over), criminal 

justice involvement (arrests and criminal justice referrals), social support (attendance at self-help groups), retention

in treatment (length of stay), and abstinence. Data on past month abstinence vs. use of alcohol or drugs are 

presented in a separate section called Morbidity Status. 

TEDS data are processed and stored as two separate data sets, admissions data set (TEDS-A) and discharge data set 

(TEDS-D), that can be linked using a unique record identifier. TEDS represents admissions and discharges, not

clients, as a client can have multiple treatment episodes each year.

TEDS serves as a repository for treatment data routinely collected by states for the purposes of monitoring their

substance use treatment systems. SAMHSA uses TEDS to enhance their understanding of publicly funded substance 

use treatment services provided and monitor grantee and program performance. 

TEDS Background

The TEDS system is comprised of two major components: the admissions data set (TEDS-A) and the discharges

data set (TEDS-D). Data for the TEDS-A (admissions) were first reported in 1992, while data for the TEDS-D 

(discharges) were first reported in 2000. For more information on TEDS background, components, data elements,

and history, please refer to Appendix I. 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 4 

Section 2. Methodology and Data Notes 

2.A Data Presented in the 2021 TEDS Annual Report

This report presents findings from 1,482,543 admissions and 1,351,748 discharges for substance use treatment 

services for individuals ages 12 years and older as reported by the SSAs in 2021. Each section is divided into two 

sub-sections that present data on admissions to and discharges from substance use treatment services. The data 

presented in this report are organized as follows:

• Key characteristics: the percentages and rates per 100,000 population by demographics, treatment referral

sources, type of treatment services, top 10 primary substances, reason for discharge, and years of education

completed (Section 3).

• NOMs: the percentages by living arrangements, employment status (ages 16 and over), arrests, criminal

justific referrals, attendance at self-help groups, and length of stay (Section 4).

• Morbidity status: the percentages and rates per 100,000 population for those abstinent and those reporting

using a substance (Section 5).

• Geographic distribution: counts and rates per 100,000 population by states for overall admissions and

discharges and top 6 primary substances (Section 6).

Data limitations, endnotes, key definitions, and appendices follow. Appendices include data tables corresponding to 

the visualizations presented in each of the sections mentioned above, and additional TEDS background and context.

2.B Data Reporting and Exclusions

This report includes admissions and discharges data received and processed through October 18, 2022.

1 For both 

admissions and discharges data sets, states that had 2021 counts less than 50% of past 3-year average (i.e., average 

of 2018, 2019, and 2020 counts) were excluded from this report. As a result, four states (Delaware, Idaho, Oregon, 

and Washington) were excluded from admissions data, and three states (Delaware, Idaho, and Oregon) were 

excluded from discharges data. 

2.C Data Notes

TEDS records do not represent clients; rather, each record represents a treatment episode. For example, a client

admitted to substance use treatment twice within a calendar year will be counted as two admissions. Similarly, a 

client discharged from substance use treatment twice within a calendar year will be counted as two discharges.

Data on key characteristics and morbidity status are visualized as percentages and rates per 100,000 population.

Data on NOMs are visualized as percentages. The data on geographic distribution of overall and the top 6 primary 

substances by admissions and discharges are visualized as counts and rates per 100,000 population. For definitions

of specific characteristics and substance types, please see Appendix A.

Rates per 100,000 populations were calculated using the 2021 estimates from the Census, the American Community

Survey (ACS), and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.2 These population estimates were adjusted to (a) align with the

states that are included in this report, and (b) obtain estimated counts for race and ethnicity by applying the ACS

distribution ratios for these subgroups to the Census totals reported.

TEDS-D includes all discharges from 2021, irrespective of when they were admitted. Out of all discharges that took 

place in 2021, 79% were admitted to treatment in 2021, and 21% were admitted in prior years. For further details on 

discharges that were admitted in prior years, please see Appendix B.

The data presented in Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6 of this report were calculated after excluding the missing values (i.e.,

values that are missing, unknown, or not collected/applicable). For example, admissions where employment status

was not applicable (i.e., under 16 years of age) were excluded from the denominator when calculating percentages.

For data tables corresponding to the charts and/or maps presented in the report, including the missing value counts

and percentages, please see Appendices D through G. 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 5 

Section 3. Characteristics of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges 

This section presents the characteristics of substance use treatment admissions and discharges along with the top 10 

primary substances involved. Wherever feasible, the data are visualized as percentages and rates per 100,000 

population, and narratives describing key findings from the graphs include episode counts for reference. For 

definitions of key characteristics, please refer to Appendix A. For details on counts, percentages, and rates 

corresponding to this section, including missing value counts and percentages, please refer to Appendix D.

Key Takeaways – Admissions

• Among admissions, the top two age categories were 21-34 years old (39.2%, N = 581,460) and 45 and older

(29.0%, N = 430,337). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by age categories were 966 for 35-44

years old and 963 for 21-34 years old.

• Among admissions, 65.4% (N = 968,353) were male and 34.6% (N = 512,936) were female. The rates per

100,000 population1,2 by sex were 717 for male and 368 for female.

• Among admissions, the top two race groups were White (66.5%, N = 921,323) and Black or African

American (19.3%, N = 267,861). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by race were 1,602 for

American Indian or Alaska Native and 1,541 for Other race.3

• Among admissions, 14.5% (N = 197,305) were of Hispanic or Latino origin and 85.5% (N = 1,162,862) were

Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by ethnicity were 381 for those of

Hispanic or Latino origin and 522 for Not Hispanic or Latino origin.

• Among admissions, the top two treatment referral sources were self or individual (47.0%, N = 582,410) and

criminal justice/driving under the influence (DUI) (24.7%, N = 305,794). The two highest rates per

100,0001,2 by treatment referral source were 212 for self or individual and 111 for criminal justice/DUI.

• Among admissions, the top two types of treatment services received were ambulatory – non-intensive

outpatient (42.3%, N = 627,725) and detoxification, free-standing residential (13.5%, N = 200,401). The two

highest rates per 100,0001,2 by types of treatment services received were 229 for those that received

ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient and 73 for those that received detoxification, free-standing residential.

• Among admissions, the top two primary substances used were alcohol (34.8%, N = 439,755) and heroin

(20.2%, N = 255,401). The two highest rates per 100,0001,2 by primary substance use were 160 for alcohol

use and 93 for heroin use.

• Among admissions, the top two years of education3

completed categories were 12 years or General

Educational Development (GED) (50.4%, N = 569,020) and 13 to 15 years (20.2%, N = 227,713).

Key Takeaways – Discharges

• Among discharges, the top two age categories were 21-34 years old (39.7%, N = 536,956) and 45 and older

(28.9%, N = 390,228). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by age categories were 867 for both

21-34 years old and 35-44 years old.

• Among discharges, 64.7% (N = 874,157) were male and 35.3% (N = 476,674) were female. The rates per

100,000 population1,2 by sex were 631 for male and 334 for female.

• Among discharges, the top two race groups were White (68.1%, N = 878,509) and Black or African

American (18.0%, N = 231,508). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by race were 1,389 for

Other race3 and 1,318 for American Indian or Alaska Native.

• Among discharges, 13.4% (N = 173,308) were of Hispanic or Latino origin and 86.6% (N = 1,119,464) were

Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by ethnicity were 330 for those of

Hispanic or Latino origin and 490 for those Not of Hispanic or Latino origin.

• Among discharges, the top two types of treatment services were ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient

(43.2%, N = 583,913) and detoxification, free-standing residential (12.4%, N = 166,985). The two highest

rates per 100,0001,2 by types of treatment services were 208 for those that received ambulatory – nonintensive outpatient and 59 for those that received detoxification, free-standing residential.

• Among discharges, the top two primary substances used were alcohol (33.4%, N = 401,334) and heroin

(21.9%, N = 262,546). The two highest rates per 100,0001,2 by primary substance use were 143 for alcohol

use and 93 for heroin use.

• Among discharges, the top two reasons for discharge were completed service (42.8%, N = 578,044) and

dropped out of service (25.0%, N = 337,981). The two highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 by reason for

discharge were 206 for those who completed service and 120 for those who dropped out of service.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 6 

3.A Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021 

Figure 3.A.1 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Age in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ 12-20 years ■ 21-34 years ■ 35-44 years ■ 45 years and older

Among admissions to substance use treatment services 

in 2021 by age,

3 4.6% (N = 67,596) were 12-20 years

old, 39.2% (N = 581,460) were 21-34 years old, 27.2%

(N = 403,150) were 35-44 years old, and 29.0%

(N = 430,337) were 45 years and older.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to 

substance use treatment services by age were 179 for 

those 12-20 years old, 963 for those 21-34 years old, 

966 for those 35-44 years old, and 319 for those 45

years and older.

Figure 3.A.2 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Sex in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ Male ■ Female

Among admissions to substance use treatment services 

in 2021 by sex,

3 65.4% (N = 968,353) were male and 

34.6%(N = 512,936) were female.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to 

substance use treatment services by sex were 717 for 

male and 368 for female.

4.6%

39.2%

27.2% 29.0%

0

20

40

60

80

100

179

963 966

319

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

65.4%

34.6%

0

20

40

60

80

100

717

368

0

200

400

600

800

1,000
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 7 

Figure 3.A.3 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Race in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ White

■ American Indian or Alaska Native

■ Black or African American

■ Asian

■ Other Race

■ Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Among admissions to substance use treatment services 

in 2021 by race,

3 66.5% (N = 921,323) were White, 

19.3% (N = 267,861) were Black or African American, 

9.2% (N = 127,798) were Other race, 3.8% 

(N = 53,244) were American Indian or Alaska Native, 

0.7% (N = 9,803) were Asian, and 0.4% (N = 5,206) 

were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to 

substance use treatment services by race were 442 for 

White, 718 for Black or African American, 1,541 for 

Other race,

3 1,602 for American Indian or Alaska 

Native, 59 for Asian, and 835 for Native Hawaiian or

Other Pacific Islander.

Figure 3.A.4 Percentages and Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Ethnicity in 

2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ Hispanic or Latino Origin ■ Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin

Among admissions to substance use treatment services 

in 2021 by ethnicity,

3 14.5% (N = 197,305) were of 

Hispanic or Latino origin and 85.5% (N = 1,162,862) 

were Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. 

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to 

substance use treatment services by ethnicity were

381 for those of Hispanic or Latino origin and 522 for 

those Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. 

66.5%

19.3%

9.2% 3.8% 0.7% 0.4%

0

20

40

60

80

100

442

718

1,541 1,602

59

835

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

14.5%

85.5%

0

20

40

60

80

100

381

522

0

200

400

600

800

1,000
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 8 

Figure 3.A.5 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Treatment Referral 

Source in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Self or Individual 

■ Other Health Care Provider

■ Criminal Justice/DUI

■ Employer/EAP

■ Other Community

■ School (Educational)

■ Substance Use Care Provider

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by treatment referral source,

3 47.0% 

(N = 582,410) were self or individual, 24.7% (N = 305,794) were criminal justice/DUI, 10.3% (N = 127,472) 

were other community, 9.9% (N = 123,315) were substance use care provider, 7.2% (N = 88,718) were other 

health care provider, 0.6% (N = 7,903) were employer/employee assistance program (EAP), and 0.3% (N = 

4,335) were school (educational). 

Figure 3.A.6 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Treatment Referral Source in 

2021

Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Self or Individual

■ Other Health Care Provider

■ Criminal Justice/DUI

■ Employer/EAP

■ Other Community

■ School (Educational)

■ Substance Use Care Provider

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to substance use treatment services by treatment referral 

source3 were 212 for self or individual, 111 for criminal justice/DUI , 46 for other community, 45 for substance 

use care provider, 32 for other health care provider, 3 for employer/EAP, and 2 for school (educational).

47.0%

24.7%

10.3% 9.9% 7.2%

0.6% 0.3%

0

20

40

60

80

100

212

111

46 45 32

3 2

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 9 

Figure 3.A.7 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of Treatment 

Service in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient 

■ MAOT Residential

■ Detoxification, Free-Standing Residential

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ MAOT Detoxification

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by type of treatment service,

3 42.3% 

(N = 627,725) received ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient services, 13.5% (N = 200,401) received freestanding residential detoxification services, 10.8% (N = 160,435) received ambulatory – intensive outpatient 

services, 9.8% (N = 145,391) received medication-assisted opioid therapy (MAOT) outpatient services, 9.0% 

(N = 133,964) received short-term residential rehabilitation services, 7.2% (N = 106,947) received long-term 

residential rehabilitation services, 2.1% (N = 31,478) received hospital inpatient detoxification services, 2.1% 

(N = 31,048) received MAOT detoxification services, and 2.1% (N = 30,587) received MAOT residential 

services. For data on other types of treatment services not visualized in this graph, please refer to Appendix D.

Figure 3.A.8 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of Treatment Service in 

2021

Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient 

■ MAOT Residential

■ Detoxification, Free-Standing Residential

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ MAOT Detoxification

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to substance use treatment services by type of treatment 

service3 were 229 for ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient services, 73 for free-standing residential 

detoxification services, 58 for ambulatory – intensive outpatient services, 53 for MAOT outpatient services, 49 

for short-term residential rehabilitation services, 39 for long-term residential rehabilitation services, 11 for 

hospital inpatient detoxification services, 11 for MAOT detoxification services, and 11 for MAOT residential 

services. For data on other types of treatment services not visualized in this graph, please refer to Appendix D.

42.3%

13.5% 10.8% 9.8%

9.0% 7.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1%

0

20

40

60

80

100

229

73 58 53

49 39 11 11 11

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 10 

Figure 3.A.9 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary 

Substances in 2021

Percentages (%) 

 

■ Alcohol

■ Other Opiates/Synthetics

■ Phencyclidine (PCP)

■ Heroin

■ Cocaine

■ Other Stimulants

■ Methamphetamine

■ Benzodiazepines

■ Marijuana/Hashish

■ Other Amphetamines

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by top 10 primary substances,3 34.8% 

(N = 439,755) were for alcohol use, 20.2% (N = 255,401) were for heroin use, 13.5% (N = 170,220) were for 

methamphetamine use, 10.2% (N = 129,343) were for marijuana/hashish use, 9.1% (N = 115,273) were for other 

opiates/synthetics use, 5.6% (N = 70,456) were for cocaine use, 1.1% (N = 14,008) were for benzodiazepines use, 

0.8% (N = 10,678) were for other amphetamines use, 0.3% (N = 3,911) were for phencyclidine (PCP) use, and 

0.2% (N = 2,606) were for other stimulants use. 

Figure 3.A.10 Rates of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary Substances in 

2021

Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Alcohol

■ Other Opiates/Synthetics

■ Phencyclidine (PCP)

■ Heroin

■ Cocaine

■ Other Stimulants

■ Methamphetamine

■ Benzodiazepines

■ Marijuana/Hashish

■ Other Amphetamines

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of admissions to substance use treatment services by top 10 primary 

substances3 were 160 for alcohol use, 93 for heroin use, 62 for methamphetamine use, 47 for marijuana/hashish

use, 42 for other opiates/synthetics use, 26 for cocaine use, 5 for benzodiazepines use, 4 for other amphetamines

use, 1 for PCP use, and 1 for other stimulants use. 

34.8%

20.2% 13.5% 10.2%

9.1% 5.6% 1.1% 0.8% 0.3% 0.2%

0

20

40

60

80

100

160

93 62 47 42

26 5 4 1 1

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 11 

Figure 3.A.11 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Years of Education 

Completed Among Ages 18 and Over in 2021

Percentages (%) 

 ■ 0 to 8 years

 ■ 13 to 15 years

 ■ 9 to 11 years

 ■ 16 years or BA, BS

■ 12 years or GED

■ 17 years or More

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in ages 18 and over in 2021 by years of education3

completed, 4.8% (N = 54,040) completed 0 to 8 years of education, 18.2% (N = 205,046) completed 9 to 11 years 

of education, 50.4% (N = 569,020) completed 12 years of education or a GED, 20.2% (N = 227,713) completed 

13 to 15 years of education, 4.8% (N = 54,120) completed 16 years of education or a bachelor’s degree, and 1.6% 

(N = 18,114) completed 17 years or more of education. Please note that TEDS only collects data on years of 

education completed for admissions among ages 18 and over. TEDS does not collect data on years of education

completed for discharges. 

4.8%

18.2%

50.4%

20.2%

4.8% 1.6%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 12 

3.B Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021

Figure 3.B.1 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Age in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population

■ 12-20 years ■ 21-34 years ■ 35-44 years ■ 45 years and older

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services in 2021 by age,3 4.0% (N = 53,442) were 12-

20 years old, 39.7% (N = 536,956) were 21-34 years

old, 27.5% (N = 371,122) were 35-44 years old, and 

28.9% (N = 390,228) were 45 years and older.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from

substance use treatment services by age were 138 for 

those 12-20 years old, 867 for those 21-34 years old, 

867 for those 35-44 years old, and 283 for those 45 

years and older.

Figure 3.B.2 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Sex in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Male ■ Female

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services in 2021 by sex,3 64.7% (N = 874,157) were 

male and 35.3% (N = 476,674) were female. 

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from 

substance use treatment services by sex were 631 for

male and 334 for female. 

4.0%

39.7%

27.5% 28.9%

0

20

40

60

80

100

138

867 867

283

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

64.7%

35.3%

0

20

40

60

80

100

631

334

0

200

400

600

800

1,000
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 13 

Figure 3.B.3 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Race in 

2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ White

■ American Indian or Alaska Native

■ Black or African American

■ Asian

■ Other Race

■ Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services in 2021 by race,3 68.1% (N = 878,509) were 

White, 18.0% (N = 231,508) were Black or African 

American, 9.2% (N = 119,108) were Other race,3 3.5% 

(N = 45,326) were American Indian or Alaska Native, 

0.6% (N = 8,194) were Asian, and 0.5% (N = 6,641) 

were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from 

substance use treatment services by race were 411 for 

White, 616 for Black or African American, 1,389 for 

Other race,

3 1,318 for American Indian or Alaska 

Native, 47 for Asian, and 982 for Native Hawaiian or

Other Pacific Islander.

Figure 3.B.4 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Ethnicity in 

2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ Hispanic or Latino Origin ■ Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services in 2021 by ethnicity,3 13.4% (N = 173,308) 

were of Hispanic or Latino origin and 86.6% 

(N = 1,119,464) were Not of Hispanic or Latino origin. 

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from 

substance use treatment services by ethnicity were 330 

for Hispanic or Latino origin and 490 for Not of

Hispanic or Latino origin. 

68.1%

18.0%

9.2% 3.5% 0.6% 0.5%

0

20

40

60

80

100

411

616

1,389 1,318

47

982

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

13.4%

86.6%

0

20

40

60

80

100

330

490

0

200

400

600

800

1,000
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 14 

Figure 3.B.5 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of 

Treatment Service in 2021 

Percentages (%) 

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ MAOT Residential

■ MAOT Detoxification

■ Detoxification, Free–Standing Residential

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in 2021 by type of treatment service3 at admission,

43.2% (N = 583,913) received ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient services, 12.4% (N = 166,985) received 

free-standing residential detoxification services, 11.7% (N = 158,651) received ambulatory – intensive outpatient 

services, 11.4% (N = 154,639) received MAOT outpatient services, 8.5% (N = 114,286) received short-term 

residential/rehabilitation services, 6.8% (N = 91,750) received long-term residential/rehabilitation services, 2.1% 

(N = 28,449) received MAOT residential services, 2.1% (N = 28,178) received hospital inpatient detoxification 

services, and 1.2% (N = 15,706) received MAOT detoxification services. For data on other types of treatment 

services not visualized in this graph, please refer to Appendix D. 

Figure 3.B.6 Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Type of Treatment 

Service in 2021

Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive-Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ MAOT Residential

■ MAOT Detoxification

■ Detoxification, Free-Standing Residential

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from substance use treatment services by type of treatment 

service at admission were 208 for ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient services, followed by 59 for freestanding residential detoxification services, 56 for ambulatory – intensive outpatient services, 55 for MAOT 

outpatient services, 41 for short-term residential/rehabilitation services, 33 for long-term residential/rehabilitation 

services, 10 for MAOT residential services, 10 for hospital inpatient detoxification services, 6 for MAOT 

detoxification services. For data on other types of treatment services not visualized in this graph, please refer to 

Appendix D.

43.2%

12.4% 11.7% 11.4%

8.5% 6.8% 2.1% 2.1% 1.2%

0

20

40

60

80

100

208

59 56 55 41 33 10 10 6

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 15 

Figure 3.B.7 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary 

Substances in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Alcohol

■ Other Opiates/Synthetics

■ Other Stimulants

■ Heroin

■ Cocaine

■ Phencyclidine (PCP)

■ Methamphetamine

■ Benzodiazepines

■ Marijuana/Hashish

■ Other Amphetamines

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in 2021 by top 10 primary substances,3

 33.4% 

(N = 401,334) were for alcohol use, 21.9% (N = 262,546) for heroin use, 13.7% (N = 164,832) were for 

methamphetamine use, 9.7% (N = 116,785) were for marijuana/hashish use, 9.5% (N = 113,766) were for other 

opiates/synthetics use3

, 5.6% (N = 67,221) were for cocaine use, 1.2.% (N = 14,104) were for benzodiazepines

use, 0.9% (N = 10,661) were for other amphetamines use, 0.3% (N = 3,587) were for other stimulants use, and 

0.3% (N = 3,351) were for PCP use. 

Figure 3.B.8 Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Top 10 Primary Substances 

in 2021

Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Alcohol

■ Other Opiates/Synthetics

■ Other Stimulants

■ Heroin

■ Cocaine

■ Phencyclidine (PCP)

■ Methamphetamine

■ Benzodiazepines

■ Marijuana/Hashish

■ Other Amphetamines

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from substance use treatment services by top 10 primary 

substances3 were 143 for alcohol use, 93 for heroin use, 59 for methamphetamine use, 42 for marijuana/hashish

use, 40 for other opiates/synthetics use3, 24 for cocaine use, 5 for benzodiazepines use, 4 for other amphetamines

use, 1 for other stimulants use, and 1 for PCP use. 

33.4%

21.9% 13.7%

9.7% 9.5% 5.6% 1.2% 0.9% 0.3% 0.3%

0

20

40

60

80

100

143

93

59 42 40 24 5 4 1 1

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 16 

Figure 3.B.9 Percentages and Rates of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Reason in 

2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ Completed

■ Other

■ Dropped Out

■ Incarcerated

■ Transferred

■ Death

■ Terminated

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services in 2021 by reason,

3 42.8% (N = 578,044) 

completed treatment, 25.0% (N = 337,981) dropped 

out, 21.8% (294,132) were transferred to further 

treatment, 4.7% (N = 63,045) were terminated, 4.2% 

(N = 57,055) were discharged for other reasons,3 1.1% 

(N = 15,459) were incarcerated, and 0.4% (N = 6,032) 

died. 

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 of discharges from 

substance use treatment services by reason were 206 

for those who completed treatment, 120 for those who 

dropped out, 105 for those who were transferred, 22 for 

those who were terminated, 20 for those who were 

discharged for other reasons,

3 5 for those who were 

incarcerated, and 2 for those who died.

42.8%

25.0% 21.8%

4.7% 4.2% 1.1% 0.4%

0

20

40

60

80

100

206

120 105

22 20 5 2

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 17 

Section 4. National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Substance Use Treatment 

Admissions and Discharges 

This section presents NOMs among substance use treatment admissions and discharges in 2021. The data presented 

include living arrangements (pertaining to stability in housing), employment status for ages 16 and over (pertaining 

to employment), arrests and criminal justice referrals (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), attendance at selfhelp groups (pertaining to social support), and length of stay (pertaining to retention in treatment). Wherever 

feasible, the data are visualized as percentages and the narratives describing key findings from the graphs include 

respective admission or discharge counts for reference. For definitions of NOMs presented in this section, please 

refer to Appendix A. For detailed data on counts, percentages, and rates corresponding to this section, including 

missing value counts and percentages, please refer to Appendix E. 

Key Takeaways – Admissions

• Among admissions, the top two living arrangements3 were independent living (68.1%, N = 786,182) and 

experiencing homelessness (16.3%, N = 188,222). 

• Among admissions, the top two employment statuses3 were unemployed (45.2%, N = 524,803) and not in 

labor force (29.9%, N = 346,901).

• Among admissions, the top two number of arrests3 in the past 30 days were no arrests (93.9%, N = 

1,068,533) and one arrest (5.1%, N = 58,363).

• Among admissions, the top two detailed criminal justice referrals3 were probation/parole (41.3%, N = 

85,489) and state/federal court (16.3%, N = 33,832).

• Among admissions, the top two frequencies of attendance at self-help groups3 in past 30 days were none in 

the past month (79.3%, N = 844,789) and 8-30 times in the past month (8.4%, N = 89,270).

Key Takeaways – Discharges

• Among discharges, the top two living arrangements3 were independent living (69.4%, N = 720,480) and 

dependent living (17.8%, N = 185,201). 

• Among discharges, the top two employment statuses3 were unemployed (41.6%, N = 455,327) and not in 

labor force (30.5%, N = 333,339). 

• Among discharges, the top two number of arrests3 in the past 30 days were no arrests (94.3%, N = 1,026,364) 

and one arrest (4.0%, N = 44,039).

• Among discharges, the top two frequencies of attendance at self-help groups3 in the past 30 days were none 

in the past month (69.4%, N = 745,888) and 8-30 times in the past month (13.5%, N = 144,725). 

• Among discharges, the top two mean length of stay3 by type of treatment services received were MAOT 

outpatient (304 days) and ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient (146 days).

• Among discharges, the top two median of length of stay3 by type of treatment service received were MAOT 

outpatient (81 days) and ambulatory – non-intensive outpatient (50 days).
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 18 

4.A National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Admissions to Substance Use 

Treatment Services, 2021 

Figure 4.A.1 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Living Arrangements in 

2021

Percentages (%) 

 ■ Independent Living ■ Experiencing Homelessness ■ Dependent Living

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by living arrangements,3 68.1% (N = 786,182) 

were living independently, 16.3% (N = 188,222) were experiencing homelessness, and 15.6% (N = 179,918) were 

in dependent living.

Figure 4.A.2 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Employment Status

Among Ages 16 and Over in 2021

Percentages (%)

■ Unemployed ■ Not in Labor Force ■ Employed

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in ages 16 and over in 2021 by employment status,3 45.2% 

(N = 524,803) were unemployed, 29.9% (N = 346,901) were not in the labor force, and 24.9% (N = 288,365) 

were employed.

4

 

68.1%

16.3% 15.6%

0

20

40

60

80

100

45.2%

29.9%

24.9%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 19 

Figure 4.A.3 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Number of Arrests in

the Past 30 days in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ None ■ Once ■ Two or More

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by number of arrests3 in the past 30 days prior to 

admission, 93.9% (N = 1,068,553) had no arrests, 5.1% (N = 58,363) had one arrest, and 0.9% (N = 10,636) had 

two or more arrests. 

Figure 4.A.4 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Detailed Criminal 

Justice Referral in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Probation/Parole

■ Formal Adjudication Process

■ State/Federal Court

■ Other Recognized Legal Entity

■ Other

■ Diversionary Program 

■ DUI/DWI

■ Prison

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by detailed criminal justice referral3

, 41.3% (N = 

85,489) were referred through probation or parole, 16.3% (N = 33,832) were referred through state or federal 

court, 10.7% (N = 22,180) were through other referrals, 9.0% (N = 18,686) were referred through DUI/DWI, 

9.0% (N = 18,680) were referred through formal adjudication processes, 7.1% (N = 14,647) were referred through 

other recognized legal entities, 4.1% (N = 8,460) were referred through diversionary programs, and 2.5% (N = 

5,203) were referred through prison. Please note that TEDS does not collect data on detailed criminal justice 

referral at discharge.

93.9%

5.1% 0.9%

0

20

40

60

80

100

41.3%

16.3%

10.7%

9.0% 9.0% 7.1% 4.1% 2.5%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 20 

Figure 4.A.5 Percentages of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by Attendance at Self-Help 

Groups in Past 30 Days in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ None in the Past Month ■ 1-3 Times in the Past Month ■ 4-7 Times in the Past Month

■ 8-30 Times in the Past Month ■ Some Attendance in the Past Month (Freq. Unknown)

Among admissions to substance use treatment services in 2021 by attendance at self-help groups3 in the 30 days 

prior to admission, 79.3% (N = 844,789) reported no attendance at self-help groups, 4.8% (N = 51,074) reported 

attending self-help groups 1-3 times, 3.2% (N = 33,877) reported attending self-help groups 4-7 times, 8.4% (N = 

89,270) reported attending self-help groups 8-30 times, and 4.4% (N = 46,469) reported some attendance in the 

past month however the frequency is unknown. 

79.3%

4.8% 3.2% 8.4% 4.4%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 21 

4.B National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Discharges from Substance Use 

Treatment Services, 2021 

Figure 4.B.1 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Living Arrangements 

in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Independent Living ■ Dependent Living ■ Experiencing Homelessness

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in 2021 by living arrangements,3 69.4% (N = 720,480) 

were living independently, 17.8% (N = 185,201) were in dependent living, and 12.8% (N = 132,855) were 

experiencing homelessness.

Figure 4.B.2 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Employment Status 

Among Ages 16 and Over in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ Unemployed ■ Not in Labor Force ■ Employed

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in ages 16 and over in 2021 by employment status,

3

41.6% (N = 455,327) were unemployed, 30.5% (N = 333,339) were not in the labor force, and 27.9% (N = 

305,551) were employed.4

69.4%

17.8% 12.8%

0

20

40

60

80

100

41.6%

30.5%

27.9%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 22 

Figure 4.B.3 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Number of Arrests in 

the Past 30 days in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ None ■ Once ■ Two or More

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in 2021 by number of arrests3 in the past 30 days prior to

discharge,

3 94.3% (N = 1,026,364) had no arrests, 4.0% (N = 44,039) had one arrest, and 1.7% (N = 18,577) had 

two or more arrests.

Figure 4.B.4 Percentages of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by Attendance at SelfHelp Groups in Past 30 Days in 2021

Percentages (%) 

■ None in the Past Month ■ 1-3 Times in the Past Month ■ 4-7 Times in the Past Month

■ 8-30 Times in the Past Month ■ Some Attendance in the Past Month (Freq. Unknown)

Among discharges from substance use treatment services in 2021 by attendance at self-help groups3 in the past 30 

days prior to discharge, 69.4% (N = 745,888) reported no attendance, 5.8% (N = 62,589) reported attending 

support groups 1-3 times, 4.5% (N = 48,363) reported attending support groups 4-7 times, 13.5% (N = 144,725) 

reported attending support groups 8-30 times, and 6.8% (N = 73,116) reported some attendance in the past month 

however the frequency was unknown.

94.3%

4.0% 1.7%

0

20

40

60

80

100

69.4%

5.8% 4.5%

13.5%

6.8%

0

20

40

60

80

100
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 23 

Figure 4.B.5 Mean Length of Stay at Discharge by Type of Treatment Service Received in 2021

Mean Length of Stay

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ MAOT Detoxification

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ Detoxification, Free-Standing Residential

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive-Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Hospital

■ Ambulatory – Detoxification

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient

The mean length of stay3 at discharge for MAOT outpatient services were 304 days, followed by ambulatory – nonintensive outpatient services (mean = 146 days), long term rehabilitation/residential services (mean = 135 days), 

ambulatory – intensive outpatient services (mean = 86 days), MAOT detoxification services (mean = 40 days), 

hospital rehabilitation/residential services (mean = 37 days), short term rehabilitation/residential services (mean = 

25 days), ambulatory – detoxification services (mean = 21 days), free-standing residential detoxification services 

(mean = 11 days), and hospital inpatient detoxification services (mean = 7 days). 

Figure 4.B.6 Median Length of Stay at Discharge by Type of Treatment Service Received in 2021

Median Length of Stay

■ MAOT Outpatient

■ Ambulatory – Intensive-Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Short Term

■ MAOT Detoxification

■ Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient

■ Ambulatory – Non-Intensive Outpatient

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Long Term

■ Rehabilitation/Residential – Hospital

■ Detoxification, Free-Standing Residential

■ Ambulatory – Detoxification

The median length of stay3 at discharge for MAOT outpatient services were 81 days, followed by ambulatory – nonintensive outpatient services (median = 50 days), ambulatory – intensive outpatient services (median = 41 days), 

long-term residential/rehabilitation services (median = 35 days), short term rehabilitation/residential services

(median = 19 days), hospital rehabilitation/residential services (median = 6 days), MAOT detoxification services 

(median = 5 days), free-standing residential detoxification services (median = 4 days), hospital inpatient 

detoxification services (median = 4 days), and ambulatory – detoxification services (median = 3 days). For 25th and 

50th percentile length of stay for each type of treatment services presented above, please refer to Appendix D. 

304

146 135

86

40 37 25 21 11 7

0

80

160

240

320

400

81 50

41 35 19 6 5 4 4 3

0

80

160

240

320

400
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 24 

Section 5. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions and 

Discharges 

This section presents the morbidity status among admissions and discharges in 2021. Morbidity status compares past 

month abstinence and active use of alcohol or drugs at admission and discharge. Abstinence is a NOM, and was

defined as no alcohol or drug use in the past month, and active use of alcohol or drugs was defined as one of the 

following frequencies of use: 1-3 days in the past month, 1-2 days in the past week, 3-6 days in the past week, or 

daily use. Admissions or discharges with missing values for past month substance use or frequency of use were 

considered ineligible and therefore excluded from analysis. Wherever feasible, the data are visualized as percentages 

and rates per 100,000 population and narratives describing key findings from the graphs include individual counts 

for reference. For detailed data on counts, percentages, and rates corresponding to this section, including missing 

value counts and percentages, please refer to Appendix F. 

Key Takeaways – Admissions

• Among admissions, 23.1% (N = 342,772) were abstinent and 61.7% (N = 914,243) reported substance use.

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by morbidity status3 were 125 for those who were abstinent and 333 for 

those who reported substance use.

Key Takeaways – Discharges

• Among discharges, 29.3% (N = 395,571) were abstinent and 49.0% (N = 662,566) reported substance use. 

The rates per 100,000 population1,2 by morbidity status3 were 141 for those who were abstinent and 236 for 

those who reported substance use.

5.A Morbidity Status Among Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021 

Figure 5.A.1 Percentages and Rates of Morbidity Status of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment 

Services in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population 

■ Abstinent at Admission ■ Using at Admission

Among admissions to substance use treatment services, 

23.1% (N = 342,772) were abstinent and 61.7% (N = 

914,243) reported substance use. 

Among admissions to substance use treatment services, 

the rates per 100,000 population1,2

 were 125 for those 

who were abstinent and 333 for those who reported 

substance use. 

23.1%

61.7%

0

20

40

60

80

100

125

333

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 25 

5.B Morbidity Status Among Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services, 2021 

Figure 5.B.1 Percentages and Rates of Morbidity Status of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services in 2021

Percentages (%) Rates per 100,000 Population

■ Abstinent at Discharge ■ Using at Discharge

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services, 29.3% (N = 395,571) were abstinent and 

49.0% (N = 662,566) reported substance use. 

Among discharges from substance use treatment 

services, the rates per 100,000 population1,2

 were 141 

for those who were abstinent and 236 for those who 

reported substance use. 

29.3%

49.0%

0

20

40

60

80

100

141

236

0

100

200

300

400

500
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 26 

Section 6. Geographic Distribution of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and 

Discharges by State 

This section presents a geographical distribution of data on all admissions to and discharges from substance use 

treatment facilities and the top 6 primary substances used among admissions and discharges. The top 6 primary 

substances include: alcohol, heroin, methamphetamine, marijuana/hashish, other opiates/synthetics, and cocaine. 

This section is divided into the following sub-sections:

• 6.A – Maps of counts and rates per 100,000 population of all admissions to and discharges from substance

use treatment facilities.

• 6.B – Maps of counts and rates per 100,000 population of the top 6 primary substances used among

admissions to substance use treatment facilities.

• 6.C – Maps of counts and rates per 100,000 population of the top 6 primary substances used among

discharges from substance use treatment facilities.

Four states (Delaware, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) were excluded from admissions data, and three states 

(Delaware, Idaho, and Oregon) were excluded from discharges data. 

A full description of how a primary substance is collected, types of substances, and definitions can be found in 

Appendix A. The maps presented in sections 6.A, 6.B, and 6.C present data by two class intervals that were selected 

manually by sorting states from high to low on counts and rates, and selecting a cut-off value that corresponds to 

the 10th highest count and rate, respectively. The counts and rates were rounded for readability. In other words, 

sections 6.A, 6.B, and 6.C highlight the top 10 states by their descending counts and rates. For data tables 

corresponding to figures and maps presented in this section, please refer to Appendix G.

Key Takeaways – Admissions

• In 2021, 10 states (New York, Arizona, California, Maryland, New Jersey, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota,

Massachusetts, and Connecticut) accounted for 64.3% (N = 952,833) of admissions to substance use

treatment services in the United States.

• In 2021, 10 states (Arizona, South Dakota, Maryland, Connecticut, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, New

Jersey, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between 900 –

2,618) of admissions to substance use treatment services.

Key Takeaways – Discharges

• In 2021, 10 states (New York, Arizona, North Carolina, California, New Jersey, Kentucky, Michigan,

Colorado, Massachusetts, and Connecticut) accounted for 68.8% (N = 929,937) of discharges from substance

use treatment services in the United States.

• In 2021, 10 states (Arizona, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Dakota, Connecticut, Colorado, New York,

New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Alaska) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between 900 – 2,471)

of discharges from substance use treatment services.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 27 

6.A Overall Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges by State, 2021 

Figure 6.A.1 Counts and Rates of the Overall Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by State 

in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, Arizona, California, Maryland, 

New Jersey, Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Massachusetts, 

and Connecticut) accounted for 64.3% (N = 952,833) of 

admissions to substance use treatment services. 

In 2021, 10 states (Arizona, South Dakota, Maryland, 

Connecticut, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, New Jersey, 

Rhode Island, and Massachusetts) had the highest rates per 

100,000 population1,2 (between 900 – 2,618) of admissions to 

substance use treatment services. 

Figure 6.A.2 Counts and Rates of the Overall Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by 

State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, Arizona, North Carolina, 

California, New Jersey, Kentucky, Michigan, Colorado, 

Massachusetts, and Connecticut) accounted for 68.8% 

(N = 929,937) of discharges from substance use treatment 

services.

In 2021, 10 states (Arizona, Kentucky, North Carolina, South 

Dakota, Connecticut, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, 

Rhode Island, and Alaska) had higher rates per 100,0001,2

population (between 900 – 2,471) of discharges from 

substance use treatment services.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 28 

6.B Substance Use Treatment Admissions by Top 6 Primary Substances, 2021

Figure 6.B.1 Counts and Rates of Alcohol Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, Colorado, New Jersey, 

California, Michigan, Minnesota, Connecticut, Georgia, and 

South Carolina) accounted for 66.2% (N = 291,271) of 

admissions to substance use treatment services where alcohol 

was listed as the primary substance.

In 2021, 10 states (South Dakota, Colorado, Connecticut, 

Minnesota, New York, Arkansas, Rhode Island, New Jersey, 

Wyoming, and Massachusetts) had the highest rates per 

100,000 population1,2 (between 320 – 1,367) of admissions to 

substance use treatment services where alcohol was listed as 

the primary substance.

Figure 6.B.2 Counts and Rates of Heroin Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, 

Michigan, Connecticut, Maryland, Minnesota, Colorado, and 

North Carolina) accounted for 75.4% (N = 192,455) of 

admissions to substance use treatment services where heroin 

was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Connecticut, New Jersey, Massachusetts,

New York, Vermont, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Rhone 

Island, and Alaska) had the highest rates per 100,000 

population1,2

(between 152 – 433) of admissions to substance

use treatment services where heroin was listed as the primary

substance. 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 29 

Figure 6.B.3 Counts and Rates of Methamphetamine Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by 

State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (California, Minnesota, Colorado, Missouri, 

Iowa, Michigan, Indiana, Kansas, Texas, and Georgia) 

accounted for 62.3% (N = 106,122) of admissions to substance 

use treatment services where methamphetamine was listed as 

the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (South Dakota, Minnesota, Colorado, 

Wyoming, Iowa, Kansas, Alaska, Missouri, Oklahoma, and 

Kentucky) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2

(between 116 – 348) of admissions to substance use treatment 

services where methamphetamine was listed as the primary 

substance.

Figure 6.B.4 Counts and Rates of Marijuana/Hashish Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population 

In 2021, 10 states (New York, California, Georgia, North 

Carolina, New Jersey, Texas, Minnesota, South Carolina, 

Florida, and Connecticut) accounted for 55.9% (N = 72,277) 

of admissions to substance use treatment services where

marijuana/hashish was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (South Dakota, Iowa, Connecticut, South 

Carolina, Minnesota, New York, Wyoming, Georgia, North 

Dakota, and New Jersey) had the highest rates per 100,000 

population1,2 (between 80 – 151) of admissions to substance 

use treatment services where marijuana/hashish was listed as 

the primary substance.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 30 

Figure 6.B.5 Counts and Rates of Other Opiates/Synthetics Admissions to Substance Use Treatment 

Services by State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (California, New York, Maryland, New 

Jersey, North Carolina, Florida, Colorado, Missouri, 

Michigan, and Connecticut) accounted for 62.3% (N = 71,816) 

of admissions to substance use treatment services where other 

opiates/synthetics was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Rhode Island, Maryland, Connecticut, 

Colorado, Montana, Minnesota, Vermont, New Jersey, New 

Mexico, and Massachusetts) had the highest rates per 100,000 

population1,2 (between 70 – 292) of admissions to substance 

use treatment services where other opiates/synthetics was 

listed as the primary substance.

Figure 6.B.6 Counts and Rates of Cocaine Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, Michigan, New Jersey, 

Massachusetts, Georgia, North Carolina, Connecticut, 

Maryland, California, and Florida) accounted for 68.4% (N = 

48,189) of admissions to substance use treatment services 

where cocaine use was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Connecticut, New York, District of 

Columbia, Vermont, Rhode Island, Michigan, Massachusetts, 

Maryland, New Jersey, Georgia, and North Carolina) had the

highest rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between 36 – 104) of 

admissions to substance use treatment services where cocaine

was listed as the primary substance. 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 31 

6.C Substance Use Treatment Discharges by Top 6 Primary Substances, 2021

Figure 6.C.1 Counts and Rates of Alcohol Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, Colorado, New Jersey, North 

Carolina, California, Michigan, Massachusetts, Minnesota, 

Connecticut, and Georgia) accounted for 70.2% (N = 281,916) 

of discharges from substance use treatment services where

alcohol was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (South Dakota, Colorado, Alaska, 

Connecticut, New York, Wyoming, Rhode Island, New 

Jersey, Minnesota, and Vermont) had the highest rates per 

100,000 population1,2 (between 320 – 901) of discharges from 

substance use treatment services where alcohol was listed as 

the primary substance.

Figure 6.C.2 Counts and Rates of Heroin Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, North Carolina, New Jersey, 

California, Massachusetts, Michigan, Connecticut, Kentucky, 

Colorado, and Pennsylvania) accounted for 80.4% (N =

210,959) of discharges from substance use treatment services 

where heroin was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Connecticut, North Carolina, New Jersey,

Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, Kentucky, Rhode Island, 

Alaska, and Michigan) had the highest rates per 100,000 

population1,2 (between 150 – 410) of discharges from 

substance use treatment services where heroin was listed as 

the primary substance.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 32 

Figure 6.C.3 Counts and Rates of Methamphetamine Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (California, Kentucky, Colorado, Missouri, 

Minnesota, North Carolina, Georgia, Michigan, Indiana, and 

Utah) accounted for 68.8% (N = 113,370) of discharges from 

substance use treatment services where methamphetamine use

was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Kentucky, South Dakota, Wyoming, 

Hawaii, Colorado, Minnesota, Missouri, Utah, Arkansas, and 

Oklahoma) had the highest rates per 100,000 population1,2

(between 120 – 462) of discharges from substance use 

treatment services where methamphetamine was listed as the 

primary substance.

Figure 6.C.4 Counts and Rates of Marijuana/Hashish Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services 

by State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, California, North Carolina, 

Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, South Carolina, Missouri, 

Texas, and Indiana) accounted for 63.7% (N = 74,436) of 

discharges from substance use treatment services where

marijuana/hashish was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (Kentucky, South Carolina, Connecticut,

South Dakota, North Carolina, New York, Wyoming, 

Missouri, Georgia, and New Jersey) had the highest rates per 

100,000 population1,2 (between 80 – 200) of discharges from 

substance use treatment services where marijuana/hashish was 

listed as the primary substance.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 33 

Figure 6.C.5 Counts and Rates of Other Opiates/Synthetics Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services by State in 2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (North Carolina, California, New York, 

Kentucky, New Jersey, Missouri, Michigan, Connecticut, 

Colorado, and Georgia) accounted for 72.4% (N = 82,332) of 

discharges from substance use treatment services where other 

opiates/synthetics was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (North Carolina, Rhode Island, Kentucky, 

Connecticut, Missouri, Vermont, Colorado, New Jersey, New 

York, South Carolina, and Minnesota)

5 had the highest rates 

per 100,000 population1,2 (between 52 – 306) of discharges 

from substance use treatment services where other 

opiates/synthetics was listed as the primary substance. 

Figure 6.C.6 Counts and Rates of Cocaine Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services by State in 

2021

Counts Rates per 100,000 Population

In 2021, 10 states (New York, North Carolina, Michigan, New 

Jersey, Georgia, California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, 

Kentucky, and Illinois) accounted for 75.4% (N = 50,702) of 

discharges from substance use treatment services where

cocaine was listed as the primary substance. 

In 2021, 10 states (North Carolina, Vermont, New York, 

Connecticut, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, Michigan, 

New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Kentucky) had the highest

rates per 100,000 population1,2 (between 45 – 100) of 

discharges from substance use treatment services where

cocaine was listed as the primary substance.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 34 

Section 7. Limitations 

TEDS data are subject to change as states continually review the quality of their data and may revise the files in case 

of data quality issues and/or errors. While this process improves the data set over time, reported historical TEDS 

statistics may change slightly from year to year.

TEDS provides information on specific types of treatment service derived from linked pairs of admissions or 

discharge records. However, this may not represent complete treatment episodes which may consist of stays in 

multiple types of services. Identifying complete treatment episodes would require analysis of the series of linked 

pairs of records. 

Most SSAs report a single continuous treatment episode that involves transfer to a different type of service (i.e., 

from outpatient to residential) as one admission. However, some SSAs do not track transfers, and may report them 

as new admissions. In such instances, the number of admissions may overestimate the number of treatment episodes. 

TEDS allows up to three substances to be listed on the admission record: primary, secondary, and tertiary. These 

represent the substances that led to the treatment episode; however, it does not necessarily account for all drugs used 

at the time of admission. 

The scope of facilities included in TEDS is affected by differences in state licensure, certification, and accreditation 

practices, and disbursement of public funds. Most SSAs require facilities that receive state/public funding (including 

federal block grant funds) for providing alcohol and/or drug treatment services to report data to the SSA. Some 

SSAs regulate private facilities, opioid treatment programs, and/or individual practitioners and require them to 

report TEDS data. Because of differences in individual state data systems, data collection, and methodology, caution 

should be exercised when comparing state estimates. Additional information outlining individual state data system 

reporting characteristics is included in Appendix C of this report, and additional information for facilities included in 

the state data collection system is included in Appendix I of this report.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | 35 

Section 8. Endnotes 

1. For more information on the detailed analysis, TEDS public use files are available for download from the

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive, which can be accessed at https://datafiles.samhsa.gov. A

summary of data for individual states that have submitted a full year of data are available online through the

Quick Statistics webpage at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/quick-statistics.

2. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Annual State Resident Population Estimates for 6 Race Groups (5

Race Alone Groups and Two or More Races) by Age, Sex, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021

(SC-EST2021-ALLDATA6).

Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for Puerto Rico Commonwealth:

April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (PRC-EST2021-SYASEX).

Education tables: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 Annual Social and Economic

Supplement (CPS ASEC). TEDS data (numerator) excludes Puerto Rico counts to align with denominator.

Numerator is restricted to TEDS discharges 18 years and over to align with denominator (U.S. population 18

years and over).

Employment tables: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, States and selected areas: Employment status of the

civilian noninstitutional population, January 1976 to date, not seasonally adjusted. Numerator is restricted to

TEDS admissions/discharges 16 years and over to align with denominator (U.S. population 16 years and

over). State exclusions have been applied to make denominator comparable to TEDS.

U.S. Census Bureau, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Puerto Rico Race and Hispanic

or Latino Origin.

3. For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see

Appendix A.

4. Admissions and discharges younger than 16 years are excluded from the tabulation to align TEDS counts

(numerator) with the universe for labor force data (denominator).

5. South Carolina and Minnesota had a tie for the top 10 states for discharges with cocaine as the primary

substance, and therefore there are 11 states reported.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | A.1

Appendix A. Definitions

Admission – Defined as the formal acceptance of a client into substance use treatment. An admission has occurred 

if, and only if, the client begins substance use treatment. Events that take place before the client begins the substance 

use treatment (e.g., initial screening, referral, wait-listing, etc.) are not considered admissions.

Age – The client’s age at the time of admission. Age is computed using the client’s date of service and their date of 

birth.

Arrests History – Indicates the number of arrests in the 30 days prior to the reference date (the date of admission or 

date of discharge). The counts represent the number of times the client was arrested (not the number of charges) for 

any cause during the reference period. Any formal arrest is counted, regardless of whether incarceration or 

conviction resulted.

Attendance at Substance Use Self-Help Groups – Indicates the frequency of attendance at a substance use selfhelp group in the 30 days prior to the reference date (the date of admission or date of discharge). It includes 

attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and other self-help/mutual support groups 

focused on recovery from substance use and dependence.

Codependent – A person who has no alcohol or drug use issues, but satisfies all the following conditions:

• Is seeking services because of problems arising from his or her relationship with an alcohol or drug user, 

• Has been formally admitted for service to a treatment unit, and 

• Has his or her own client record or has a record within a primary client record.

Detailed Criminal Justice Referral – Specifies the jurisdiction or program for substance use clients referred under 

the criminal justice system. This information is only collected at admission.

Discharge – Marks the end of a client’s treatment episode. Includes completion of planned substance use treatment 

for the current episode, transfers, and terminations of services.

Education – The number of years of education or the highest school grade completed for clients 18 years and older. 

This information is only collected at admission.

Employment Status – Describes the employment status for clients 16 years and older. This information is collected 

both at admission and discharge to assess change.

Hispanic or Latino Origin – Specifies the client’s ethnic origin using the single category per Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) standards: Hispanic or Latino.

Length of Stay in Treatment – The duration of a client’s treatment (in days). Length of stay is computed using the 

date of admission and the date of last contact.

Living Arrangement – Describes the client’s housing situation, whether they are experiencing homelessness, living 

with parents or in a supervised setting, or living independently. This information is collected both at admission and 

discharge to assess change. 

• Dependent Living – Clients living in a supervised setting such as a residential institution, halfway house, 

or group home, and children (under age 18) living with parents, relatives, or guardians or in foster care

(substance use clients only). 

• Experiencing Homelessness – Clients with no fixed address, including homeless shelters.

• Independent Living – Clients living alone or with others in a private residence and capable of self-care. 

Includes adult children (age 18 and over) living with parents and adolescents living independently. Also, 

includes clients who live independently with case management or housing support.

Medication-Assisted Opioid Therapy (MAOT) – Describes a type of treatment service that includes the use of 

medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and/or naltrexone for treating opioid use disorder. TEDS provides 

data on the use of MAOT by following treatment settings: residential, outpatient, and detoxification. 

Morbidity Status – Compares abstinence and active use of alcohol or drugs at admission and discharge to assess 

change. Abstinence means no substance, alcohol, or drug use was reported in the past month prior to the reference 

date (the date of admission or date of discharge).

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Substance – Lists the substance(s) that led to client’s admission by order of 

use. TEDS allows up to three substances to be listed on the admission record: primary, secondary, and tertiary. If a 

client is admitted for more than one substance use, the substances used are reported in order of use. While primary, 

secondary, and tertiary substances represent substances that led to the treatment episode, they do not necessarily 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | A.2

account for all drugs used at the time of admission. TEDS collects primary, secondary, and tertiary use data for the 

following substances along with the route of administration, frequency of use, age at first use, and detailed drug 

code: 

• Alcohol

• Barbiturates – Amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, etc.

• Benzodiazepines – Includes alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, 

flunitrazepam, flurazepam, halazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, temazepam, triazolam, and other 

unspecified benzodiazepines

• Cocaine

• Heroin

• Inhalants – Includes chloroform, ether, gasoline, glue, nitrous oxide, paint thinner, etc.

• Marijuana/Hashish – Includes THC and any other cannabis sativa preparations

• Methamphetamine

• Non-Prescription Methadone

• Other Amphetamines – Includes amphetamines, MDMA, phenmetrazine, and other unspecified amines and 

related drugs

• Other Hallucinogens – Includes LSD, DMT, STP, hallucinogens, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, etc.

• Other Non-Barbiturate Sedatives or Hypnotics – Includes chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, 

methaqualone, and other non-barbiturate sedatives or hypnotics

• Other Non-Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers – Includes meprobamate and other non-benzodiazepine 

tranquilizers

• Other Opiates and Synthetics – Includes buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl; hydrocodone, hydromorphone, 

meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with 

morphine-like effects. This includes prescription opiates and synthetics which have been misused.

• Other Stimulants – Includes methylphenidate and any other stimulants

• Over-the-counter medications – Includes aspirin, cough syrup, diphenhydramine and other antihistamines, 

sleep aids, and any other legally obtained nonprescription medication

• Phencyclidine (PCP)

• Other – Includes diphenylhydantoin/phenytoin, GHB/GBL, ketamine, etc.

• None

Race – Specifies the client’s race using the five minimum categories per OMB standards: White, Black or African 

American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The race group 

‘Other Race’ refers to the racial classifications ‘Other Single Race’ and ‘Two or More Races’ when reported by 

states. It also includes records where states cannot separate the race categories ‘Asian’ and ‘Native Hawaiian or 

Other Pacific Islander.’

Reason for Discharge – Indicates the outcome of the treatment episode or the reason for transfer or discontinuance 

of treatment. The reason for discharge category "other" includes clients who were discharged because they moved, 

became ill, were hospitalized, or experienced other changes in life circumstances.

Referral Source – Specifies the person or agency referring a client to substance use treatment.

Sex – Specifies the client’s self-reported biological sex at the time of admission, using only binary response options 

(male or female).

Single State Agency – The Single State Agency (SSA) is the lead agency in each state or jurisdiction responsible 

for managing federal funds dedicated to addressing substance use prevention, treatment, and recovery.

Transfer – A change in substance use treatment provider or type of treatment service.

Treatment Episode – The cycle from the beginning of a treatment service for a drug or alcohol use (admission) 

through to the termination of services for the prescribed treatment plan (discharge).

Type of Treatment Service – Describes the type of treatment service or treatment setting in which the client is 

placed at the time of admission or prior to discharge.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | B.1

Appendix B. Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 by Year of Admission

Table B-1. Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 by Year of Admission

Admission Year Number of Discharges Percent of Discharges

2000 9 0.0

2001 15 0.0

2002 21 0.0

2003 575 0.0

2004 612 0.1

2005 363 0.0

2006 316 0.0

2007 332 0.0

2008 399 0.0

2009 398 0.0

2010 392 0.0

2011 494 0.0

2012 871 0.1

2013 907 0.1

2014 1,479 0.1

2015 1,508 0.1

2016 3,174 0.2

2017 8,540 0.6

2018 11,495 0.9

2019 31,619 2.3

2020 217,067 16.1

2021 1,071,162 79.2

Total 1,351,748 100.0
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | C.1

Appendix C. State Reporting Characteristics

Table C-1. State Data System Reporting Characteristics in 2021

State or 

jurisdiction

Facilities reporting TEDS data to the SSA

Eligible clients

Change of 

service 

within 

episode

Change of 

provider 

within 

episode

Facilities required to report to the SSA1 Facilities reporting 

voluntarily to the SSA

Alabama Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Admission Transfer

Alaska Facilities that receive state/public funding, 

excluding:

- Mental Health Physician Clinics

- Residential Psychiatric Treatment Facilities

- Clients only served under Autism Regulations

- State psychiatric facility

- Independent LCSW/LPC/LMFT

- Behavioral Health Associates working under

Indian Health Services billing regulation package

None All behavioral health treatment 

clients in publicly funded facilities 

excluding facility types listed in 

B5; some facilities also provide 

social supports that are outside the 

realm of treatment and do not 

necessarily fall in a standard 

treatment setting but are necessary 

social supports for the clients

Admission 

and Discharge 

(for most 

providers) 

Transfer (for 

some 

providers)

Admission

Arizona Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only n/a2 n/a2

Arkansas Facilities that are licensed by state SSA Some private facilities All clients in a licensed facility n/a3 Admission

California Facilities that receive state/public funding. All 

licensed narcotic treatment facilities.

None All clients in facility except DUI Admission Admission

Colorado State-licensed facilities

Methadone facilities

Community-based juvenile and adult justice 

treatment programs, except institutionally based

None All clients receiving substance use 

treatment services in facility

Admission Admission

Connecticut Facilities that receive state/public funding

Facilities serving adults that are licensed by state 

Dept of Public Health

Some facilities treating youth (less than 18 years 

old)

General hospitals funded by SSA

None State/public-funded clients only Admission Admission

Delaware Facilities that receive state/public funding, 

excluding:

- Child/youth services

- Most Medicaid-funded services

- Most criminal justice system services

None State/public-funded clients only Admission Admission

District of 

Columbia

Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only n/a2 n/a2

Florida Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | C.2

State or 

jurisdiction

Facilities reporting TEDS data to the SSA

Eligible clients

Change of 

service 

within 

episode

Change of 

provider 

within 

episode

Facilities required to report to the SSA1 Facilities reporting 

voluntarily to the SSA

Georgia Facilities that receive SAPT/BG, state and 

Medicaid funding through the state SSA. This 

includes Medicaid eligible aged, blind, and 

disabled adults and youth. Medicaid individuals 

in managed care plans are excluded.

None

SSA funded clients with substance 

use or co-occurring mental and 

substance use disorders

n/a3 Admission

Hawaii Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Admission Admission

Idaho Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Illinois Facilities that receive funding through the state 

SSA (this includes Medicaid paid sub-acute 

addiction treatment services)

None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Indiana Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Admission Admission

Iowa Facilities that receive state/public funding

Facilities that are licensed/certified by state SSA

None All clients in facility receiving 

substance use disorder treatment

Transfer (as 

of 7/1/2021)

Admission

Kansas Facilities that receive state/public funding

Medicaid-certified facilities

Department of Corrections 4th-time DUI 

facilities

None All clients in facility Admission Admission

Kentucky Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Admission

Louisiana Facilities that receive SAPT/MH Block Grant 

funding

None All clients in facility Admission Admission

Maine Facilities that receive state/federal/public funding

Facilities licensed by the state

Some private substance use 

providers report

All clients in facility Admission Admission

Maryland Facilities that receive federal/state/public funding None All clients receiving federal/state

funding

Admission Admission

Massachusetts Facilities that are licensed/certified and/or hold a 

contract with the state SSA

Houses of corrections, some 

department of correction 

facilities, and some private 

opioid treatment programs 

that do not have a contract 

with the state

All clients in facility Admission Admission

Michigan State licensed facilities that receive state/public 

funding including, but not limited Medicaid 

providers of behavioral health services

None Clients whose services are 

supported by state/public funds 

through the Dept. of Health and 

Human Services, including 

Medicaid

n/a3 Admission

Minnesota Providers serving publicly funded clients None All clients in facility Admission Admission
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | C.3

State or 

jurisdiction

Facilities reporting TEDS data to the SSA

Eligible clients

Change of 

service 

within 

episode

Change of 

provider 

within 

episode

Facilities required to report to the SSA1 Facilities reporting 

voluntarily to the SSA

Mississippi Facilities that receive state/public funding

Facilities certified by Mental Health Department

None All clients in facility n/a3 Admission

Missouri Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Montana Facilities that receive state/public funding and are 

State Approved

None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Nebraska Facilities that receive SSA-administered 

state/public funding

None State/public-funded clients only Admission Admission

Nevada Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Transfer

New Hampshire Facilities that receive state/public funding, 

methadone maintenance facilities

None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

New Jersey Facilities that receive state/public funding

Facilities that are licensed by the DOH Office of 

Certificate of Need and Licensing (CNL)

Facilities in state intoxicated driver program 

certified by the SSA

Some private facilities and 

solo practitioners

All clients in facility Admission Admission

New Mexico Facilities that receive SSA substance use funding None SSA funded clients with substance 

use or co-occurring mental and 

substance use disorders

Transfer Transfer

New York Facilities that receive state/public funding

Facilities that are licensed/certified by state SSA

None All clients in facility Admission Admission

North Carolina Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer n/a2

North Dakota Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility n/a3 Admission

Ohio Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Oklahoma Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Oregon Facilities licensed/certified by the state that 

receive state/public funding. All DUII and 

methadone treatment facilities.

None All clients in DUII and methadone 

facilities

State/public-funded clients for all 

other facilities

Admission Admission

Pennsylvania All facilities that treat single county authorityfunded clients (SCAs). SCAs serve uninsured and 

under insured individuals. SCAs receive funding 

from federal, state and local sources, including 

monies from DDAP and other state agencies.

Some, but not all, county 

prisons, hospitals, and private 

providers and solo 

practitioners

TEDS reporting is required for all 

SCA-funded clients. Facilities may 

report on other drug and alcohol 

clients, including those funded by 

Medicaid, on a voluntary basis.

Transfer Admission
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | C.4

State or 

jurisdiction

Facilities reporting TEDS data to the SSA

Eligible clients

Change of 

service 

within 

episode

Change of 

provider 

within 

episode

Facilities required to report to the SSA1 Facilities reporting 

voluntarily to the SSA

Puerto Rico Facilities that receive 

SAPT/MHBG/COVID/ARP

Certified opioid treatment programs (Methadone 

facilities) 

Facilities that receive state/public funding

State/correctional DUI/DWI providers

None All clients in facility Admission Admission

Rhode Island

Facilities that are licensed/certified by state SSA

None All clients in facility Admission Admission

South Carolina Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Admission

South Dakota Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Admission

Tennessee Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Admission

Texas Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Admission Admission

Utah Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only are 

required; data on all clients are 

requested and received from some 

facilities

Admission Transfer

Vermont Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Admission

Virginia Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility n/a3 Admission

Washington Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/public-funded clients only Transfer Transfer

West Virginia Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in facility Transfer Transfer

Wisconsin Facilities that receive state/public funding None State/county/public-funded clients 

are required; data on other countyauthorized clients such as clients

having private payers are requested 

and received from some facilities

Admission Admission

Wyoming Facilities that receive state/public funding None All clients in a facility Admission Admission

n/a = Not applicable.

n/a1

 State/public funding generally refers to funding by the single state agency but may also include funding by another public agency.

n/a 2 Neither an admission nor transfer record resulted from a change in service or provider.

n/a 3 Neither an admission nor transfer record resulted from a change in service within a provider.

SOURCE: Single State Agencies, December 2022.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | D.1

Appendix D. Data Tables, Characteristics of Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment 

Services in 2021

Table D-1. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

Admissions Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000*

Year

2021 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Age 1482543.0

12-20 Years 67,596 4.6 4.6 179

21-34 Years 581,460 39.2 39.2 963

35-44 Years 403,150 27.2 27.2 966

45 Years and Older 430,337 29.0 29.0 319

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Sex 1481289.0

Male 968,353 65.3 65.4 717

Female 512,936 34.6 34.6 368

Unknown 1,093 0.1 -- --

Not Collected 160 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 1 0.0 -- --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Race 1385235.0

White 921,323 62.1 66.5 442

Black or African American 267,861 18.1 19.3 718

Other Race** 127,798 8.6 9.2 1,541

American Indian or Alaska Native 53,244 3.6 3.8 1,602

Asian 9,803 0.7 0.7 59

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander 5,206 0.4 0.4 835

Unknown 96,470 6.5 -- --

Not Collected 643 0.0 -- --

Not Reported 195 0.0 -- --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Ethnicity 1360167.0

Hispanic or Latino Origin 197,305 13.3 14.5 381

Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin 1,162,862 78.4 85.5 522

Unknown 121,252 8.2 -- --

Not Collected 798 0.1 -- --

Not Reported 326 0.0 -- --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

**For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | D.2

Table D-2. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 (continued)

Admissions Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000*

Treatment Referral Source 1239947.0

Self or Individual 582,410 39.3 47.0 212

Criminal Justice/DUI 305,794 20.6 24.7 111

Other Community 127,472 8.6 10.3 46

Substance Use Care Provider 123,315 8.3 9.9 45

Other Health Care Provider 88,718 6.0 7.2 32

Employer/EAP 7,903 0.5 0.6 3

School (Educational) 4,335 0.3 0.3 2

Unknown 240,033 16.2 -- --

Not Collected 2,516 0.2 -- --

Not Reported 41 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 6 0.0 -- --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Type of Treatment Service 1482543.0

Ambulatory –

Non-Intensive Outpatient 627,725 42.3 42.3 229

Detoxification, 

Free–Standing Residential 200,401 13.5 13.5 73

Ambulatory –

Intensive-Outpatient 160,435 10.8 10.8 58

MAOT Outpatient 145,391 9.8 9.8 53

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Short Term 133,964 9.0 9.0 49

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Long Term 106,947 7.2 7.2 39

Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient 31,478 2.1 2.1 11

MAOT Detoxification 31,048 2.1 2.1 11

MAOT Residential 30,587 2.1 2.1 11

Ambulatory – Detoxification 9,700 0.7 0.7 4

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Hospital 4,867 0.3 0.3 2

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

Primary Substance Use 1263163.0

Alcohol 439,755 29.7 34.8 160

Heroin 255,401 17.2 20.2 93

Methamphetamine 170,220 11.5 13.5 62

Marijuana/Hashish 129,343 8.7 10.2 47

Other Opiates/Synthetics 115,273 7.8 9.1 42

Cocaine 70,456 4.8 5.6 26

Benzodiazepines 14,008 0.9 1.1 5

Other Amphetamines 10,678 0.7 0.8 4

Phencyclidine (PCP) 3,911 0.3 0.3 1

Other Stimulants 2,606 0.2 0.2 1

Substance Use Not in the Top 10 51,512 3.5 4.1 19

Unknown 217,097 14.6 -- --

Not Collected 2,230 0.2 -- --

Not Reported 52 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 1 0.0 -- --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 100.0 540

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | D.3

Table D-3. Characteristics of Admissions to Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 (continued)

Admissions Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000*

Years of Education Completed

(18 and over)** 1128053.0

0 to 8 years 54,040 4.0 4.8 656

9 to 11 years 205,046 15.2 18.2 1,274

12 years or GED 569,020 42.1 50.4 793

13 to 15 years 227,713 16.8 20.2 332

16 years or BA, BS 54,120 4.0 4.8 96

17 years or more 18,114 1.3 1.6 56

Not Collected 155,505 11.5 -- --

Unknown 37,731 2.8 -- --

Invalid Data 5,083 0.4 -- --

Not Reported 495 0.0 -- --

Not Applicable*** 24,881 1.8 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

**For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.

***Discharges younger than 18 years and all discharges from Puerto Rico are excluded from the tabulation to align TEDS counts

(numerator) with the universe for educational attainment data (denominator).
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | D.4

Table D-4. Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

Discharges Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000*

Year

2021 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Age 1351748.0

12-20 Years 53,442 4.0 4.0 138

21-34 Years 536,956 39.7 39.7 867

35-44 Years 371,122 27.5 27.5 867

45 Years and Older 390,228 28.9 28.9 283

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Sex 1350831.0

Male 874,157 64.7 64.7 631

Female 476,674 35.3 35.3 334

Unknown 763 0.1 -- --

Not Collected 153 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 1 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Race 1289286.0

White 878,509 65.0 68.1 411

Black or African American 231,508 17.1 18.0 616

Other Race** 119,108 8.8 9.2 1,389

American Indian or Alaska

Native 45,326 3.4 3.5 1,318

Asian 8,194 0.6 0.6 47

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander 6,641 0.5 0.5 982

Unknown 60,585 4.5 -- --

Not Collected 1,052 0.1 -- --

Not Reported 825 0.1 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Ethnicity 1292772.0

Hispanic or Latino Origin 173,308 12.8 13.4 330

Not of Hispanic or Latino Origin 1,119,464 82.8 86.6 490

Unknown 57,836 4.3 -- --

Not Collected 220 0.0 -- --

Not Reported 920 0.1 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

**For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | D.5

Table D-5. Characteristics of Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021 (continued)

Discharges Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000*

Type of Treatment Service 1351748.0

Ambulatory –

Non-Intensive Outpatient 583,913 43.2 43.2 208

Detoxification, 

Free–Standing Residential 166,985 12.4 12.4 59

Ambulatory –

Intensive-Outpatient 158,651 11.7 11.7 56

MAOT Outpatient 154,639 11.4 11.4 55

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Short Term 114,286 8.5 8.5 41

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Long Term 91,750 6.8 6.8 33

MAOT Residential 28,449 2.1 2.1 10

Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient 28,178 2.1 2.1 10

MAOT Detoxification 15,706 1.2 1.2 6

Ambulatory – Detoxification 6,601 0.5 0.5 2

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Hospital 2,590 0.2 0.2 1

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Primary Substance Use 1201504.0

Alcohol 401,334 29.7 33.4 143

Heroin 262,546 19.4 21.9 93

Methamphetamine 164,832 12.2 13.7 59

Marijuana/Hashish 116,785 8.6 9.7 42

Other Opiates/Synthetics 113,766 8.4 9.5 40

Cocaine 67,221 5.0 5.6 24

Benzodiazepines 14,104 1.0 1.2 5

Other Amphetamines 10,661 0.8 0.9 4

Other Stimulants 3,587 0.3 0.3 1

Phencyclidine (PCP) 3,351 0.2 0.3 1

Substance Use Not in the Top 10 43,317 3.2 3.6 15

Unknown 149,617 11.1 -- --

Not Collected 562 0.0 -- --

Not Reported 64 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 1 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Reason for Discharge 1351748.0

Completed 578,044 42.8 42.8 206

Transferred 294,132 21.8 21.8 105

Dropped out 337,981 25.0 25.0 120

Terminated 63,045 4.7 4.7 22

Incarcerated 15,459 1.1 1.1 5

Death 6,032 0.4 0.4 2

Other 57,055 4.2 4.2 20

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | E.1

Appendix E. Data Tables, National Outcome Measures (NOMs) Among Substance Use Treatment

Admissions and Discharges, 2021

Table E-1. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 2021

Admissions* Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000**

Living Arrangement*** 1154322.0

Independent Living 786,182 58.2 68.1 --

Experiencing Homelessness 188,222 13.9 16.3 --

Dependent Living 179,918 13.3 15.6 --

Not Collected 156,372 11.6 -- --

Unknown 36,346 2.7 -- --

Invalid Data 4,238 0.3 -- --

Not Reported 470 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Employment Status (16 and over)*** 1160069.0

Unemployed 524,803 38.8 45.2 5,655

Not in Labor Force 346,901 25.7 29.9 352

Employed 288,365 21.3 24.9 189

Unknown 180,928 13.4 -- --

Not Collected 1,753 0.1 -- --

Not Reported 100 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 2 0.0 -- --

Not Applicable  8,896 0.7 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Number of Arrests** * 1137552.0

None 1,068,553 79.0 93.9 --

Once 58,363 4.3 5.1 --

Two or More 10,636 0.8 0.9 --

Unknown 157,337 11.6 -- --

Not Collected 56,729 4.2 -- --

Not Reported 98 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 32 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*The NOMs variables in TEDS admissions are living arrangements (pertaining to stability in housing), employment status for

ages 16 and over (pertaining to employment), number of arrests (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), detailed criminal

justice referral (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), and attendance at self-help groups (pertaining to social support).

**For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

***For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.

****Discharges younger than 16 years are excluded from the tabulation to align TEDS counts (numerator) with the universe for

labor force data (denominator).
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | E.2

Table E-2. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 2021

(continued)

Admissions* Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000**

Detailed Criminal Justice 

Referral*** 207177.0

Probation/Parole 85,489 6.3 41.3 30

State/Federal Court 33,832 2.5 16.3 12

Other 22,180 1.6 10.7 8

DUI/DWI 18,686 1.4 9.0 7

Formal Adjudication Process 18,680 1.4 9.0 7

Other Recognized Legal Entity 14,647 1.1 7.1 5

Diversionary Program 8,460 0.6 4.1 3

Prison 5,203 0.4 2.5 2

Not Collected 667,919 49.4 -- --

Not Applicable 464,530 34.4 -- --

Unknown 8,812 0.7 -- --

Invalid Data 1,882 0.1 -- --

Not Reported 1,428 0.1 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Attendance at Self-Help 

Groups*** 1065479.0

None in the Past Month 844,789 62.5 79.3 300

1-3 times in the Past Month 51,074 3.8 4.8 18

4-7 times in the Past Month 33,877 2.5 3.2 12

8-30 times in the Past Month 89,270 6.6 8.4 32

Some Attendance in the Past

Month (Frequency Unknown) 46,469 3.4 4.4 17

Unknown 218,108 16.1 -- --

Not Collected 61,236 4.5 -- --

Invalid Data 5,905 0.4 -- --

Not Reported 1,020 0.1 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*The NOMs variables in TEDS admissions are living arrangements (pertaining to stability in housing), employment status for

ages 16 and over (pertaining to employment), number of arrests (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), detailed criminal

justice referral (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), and attendance at self-help groups (pertaining to social support).

**For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

***For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | E.3

Table E-3. National Outcome Measures Among Substance Use Treatment Discharges in 2021

Discharges* Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Percent Without 

Missing Records

Rates per 

100,000**

Living Arrangement*** 1038536.0

Independent Living 720,480 53.3 69.4 --

Dependent Living 185,201 13.7 17.8 --

Experiencing Homelessness 132,855 9.8 12.8 --

Not Collected 203,238 15.0 -- --

Unknown 107,274 7.9 -- --

Invalid Data 2,227 0.2 -- --

Not Reported 473 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Employment Status (16 and 

over)*** 1094217.0

Unemployed 455,327 33.7 41.6 4,906

Not in Labor Force 333,339 24.7 30.5 338

Employed 305,551 22.6 27.9 201

Unknown 197,767 14.6 -- --

Not Collected 50,554 3.7 -- --

Not Reported 313 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 1 0.0 -- --

Not Applicable  8,896 0.7 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Number of Arrests** * 1088980.0

None 1,026,364 75.9 94.3 --

Once 44,039 3.3 4.0 --

Two or More 18,577 1.4 1.7 --

Unknown 205,730 15.2 -- --

Not Collected 56,792 4.2 -- --

Not Reported 168 0.0 -- --

Invalid Data 78 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

Attendance at Self-Help 

Groups*** 1074681.0

None in the Past Month 745,888 55.2 69.4 265

1-3 times in the Past Month 62,589 4.6 5.8 22

4-7 times in the Past Month 48,363 3.6 4.5 17

8-30 times in the Past Month 144,725 10.7 13.5 51

Some attendance in the past month

(Frequency Unknown) 73,116 5.4 6.8 26

Unknown 265,956 19.7 -- --

Not Collected 9,498 0.7 -- --

Not Reported 1,576 0.1 -- --

Invalid Data 37 0.0 -- --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 100.0 481

*The NOMs variables in TEDS discharges are living arrangements (pertaining to stability in housing), employment status for

ages 16 and over (pertaining to employment), number of arrests (pertaining to criminal justice involvement), attendance at selfhelp groups (pertaining to social support), and length of stay (pertaining to retention in treatment).

**For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.

***For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.

****Discharges younger than 16 years are excluded from the tabulation to align TEDS counts (numerator) with the universe for

labor force data (denominator).
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | E.4

Table E-4. Length of Stay by Type of Substance Use Treatment Services in 2021

Type of Treatment Service Length of Stay* in Treatment (number of days)

Mean P25 Median P75

MAOT Outpatient 304 15 81 298

Ambulatory –

Non-Intensive Outpatient 146 1 50 143

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Long Term 135 12 35 89

Ambulatory –

Intensive-Outpatient 86 8 41 99

MAOT Detoxification 40 3 5 9

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Hospital 37 3 6 22

Rehabilitation/Residential –

Short Term 25 7 19 28

Ambulatory – Detoxification 21 2 3 6

Detoxification, 

Free-Standing Residential 11 2 4 6

Detoxification, Hospital Inpatient 7 3 4 5

Total 124 3 25 98

*Length of stay (pertaining to the retention in treatment NOM) is only available in TEDS discharges.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | F.1

Appendix F. Data Tables, Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges, 

2021

Table F-1. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Admissions in 2021

Morbidity Status* Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Rates per 

100,000**

Abstinent at Admission 342,772 23.1 125

Using at Admission 914,243 61.7 333

Not Eligible 225,528 15.2 --

Total 1,482,543 100.0 540

Table F-2. Morbidity Status Among Substance Use Treatment Discharges in 2021

Morbidity Status* Counts

Percent of 

All Records

Rates per 

100,000**

Abstinent at Discharge 395,571 29.3 141

Using at Discharge 662,566 49.0 236

Not Eligible 287,579 21.3 --

Death Exclusion 6,032 0.5 --

Total 1,351,748 100.0 481

*Morbidity status compares past month abstinence and active use of alcohol or drugs at admission and discharge. Abstinence is a

NOM, and was defined as no alcohol or drug use in the past month, and active use of alcohol or drugs was defined as one of the

following frequencies of use: 1-3 days in the past month, 1-2 days in the past week, 3-6 days in the past week, or daily use.

**For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.1

Appendix G. Data Tables, Geographic Distribution of Substance Use Treatment Admissions and Discharges

by State, 2021

Table G-1. Characteristics of Admissions and Discharges from Treatment Services by State, 2021 

States Admissions Discharge

Counts Percentages

Rates per 

100,0001,2 Counts Percentages

Rates per 

100,0001,2

Alabama 13,906 0.9 322 10,137 0.7 235

Alaska 4,981 0.3 813 5,610 0.4 915

Arizona 163,554 11.0 2,618 154,386 11.4 2,471

Arkansas 11,205 0.8 436 9,354 0.7 364

California 114,266 7.7 340 111,210 8.2 331

Colorado 68,844 4.6 1,372 57,800 4.3 1,152

Connecticut 51,542 3.5 1,636 43,690 3.2 1,387

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- --

District of Columbia 3,062 0.2 530 2,947 0.2 510

Florida 37,113 2.5 195 16,808 1.2 88

Georgia 37,586 2.5 409 41,476 3.1 451

Hawaii 1,598 0.1 129 5,176 0.4 419

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 14,367 1.0 132 16,039 1.2 147

Indiana 22,954 1.5 397 19,510 1.4 337

Iowa 20,773 1.4 764 697 0.1 26

Kansas 13,465 0.9 543 5,133 0.4 207

Kentucky 17,464 1.2 453 62,663 4.6 1,627

Louisiana 13,372 0.9 341 14,317 1.1 365

Maine 6,058 0.4 499 3,930 0.3 324

Maryland 100,145 6.8 1,897 607 0.0 11

Massachusetts 56,369 3.8 922 45,239 3.3 740

Michigan 63,356 4.3 731 58,700 4.3 677

Minnesota 59,807 4.0 1,232 38,605 2.9 795

Mississippi 6,619 0.4 264 6,995 0.5 279

Missouri 29,772 2.0 565 37,049 2.7 703

Montana 907 0.1 95 2,667 0.2 280

Nebraska 6,417 0.4 389 4,754 0.4 288

Nevada 7,793 0.5 289 5,855 0.4 217

New Hampshire 758 0.1 62 1,328 0.1 108

New Jersey 86,668 5.8 1,088 81,153 6.0 1,019

New Mexico 4,094 0.3 225 235 0.0 13

New York 188,282 12.7 1,099 180,975 13.4 1,056

North Carolina 42,630 2.9 470 134,121 9.9 1,478

North Dakota 2,926 0.2 450 1,684 0.1 259

Ohio 21,572 1.5 214 11,616 0.9 115

Oklahoma 13,260 0.9 394 11,833 0.9 352

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 18,554 1.3 165 18,322 1.4 163

Puerto Rico 1,903 0.1 65 1,772 0.1 60

Rhode Island 10,130 0.7 1,053 9,755 0.7 1,014

South Carolina 24,574 1.7 549 25,933 1.9 579

South Dakota 15,548 1.0 2,071 10,691 0.8 1,424

Tennessee 16,834 1.1 282 13,084 1.0 219

Texas 32,058 2.2 130 16,326 1.2 66

Utah 10,588 0.7 388 13,837 1.0 507

Vermont 4,470 0.3 782 4,792 0.4 838

Virginia 17,649 1.2 238 15,444 1.1 208

Washington -- -- -- 9,837 0.7 148

West Virginia 1,422 0.1 92 408 0.0 26

Wisconsin 17,375 1.2 342 3,179 0.2 63

Wyoming 3,953 0.3 799 4,069 0.3 822

Total 1,482,543 100 540 1,351,748 100 481
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.2

Table G-2. Counts of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment Services by State in

2021

States Counts

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana/ 

Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 13,541 2,988 2,133 2,818 2,979 1,883 740

Alaska 4,838 2,826 940 510 364 166 32

Arizona 8,366 2,583 1,081 2,404 952 1,146 200

Arkansas 10,383 2,734 324 4,018 1,622 1,395 290

California 110,618 28,021 24,055 34,428 8,935 12,234 2,945

Colorado 67,609 37,718 7,219 12,614 3,694 4,923 1,441

Connecticut 43,398 17,542 13,641 95 4,427 4,425 3,268

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 2,629 1,009 697 44 254 94 531

Florida 26,850 7,685 4,018 2,071 5,122 5,789 2,165

Georgia 33,763 13,095 1,731 5,401 7,699 2,509 3,328

Hawaii 1,570 402 147 811 119 42 49

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 13,839 5,691 2,986 1,625 1,793 520 1,224

Indiana 22,394 6,458 3,504 5,733 4,191 1,626 882

Iowa 20,381 8,335 695 6,476 3,929 693 253

Kansas 12,193 3,482 466 5,541 1,754 628 322

Kentucky 16,199 3,939 2,388 4,470 2,386 2,124 892

Louisiana 7,551 2,041 799 1,911 1,480 519 801

Maine 5,908 2,048 2,598 274 176 582 230

Maryland 35,596 7,460 11,039 385 2,354 11,366 2,992

Massachusetts 54,859 19,705 25,359 559 1,290 4,139 3,807

Michigan 62,124 26,743 15,404 6,359 3,157 4,800 5,661

Minnesota 58,338 23,623 7,309 16,332 5,339 4,239 1,496

Mississippi 6,275 1,760 410 1,582 1,249 744 530

Missouri 28,583 8,266 3,332 7,737 3,710 4,842 696

Montana 893 511 76 247 38 21 0

Nebraska 5,720 2,977 97 1,749 660 137 100

Nevada 3,467 1,217 393 1,087 616 93 61

New 

Hampshire 739 203 286 93 19 82 56

New Jersey 82,528 31,064 33,213 1,233 6,377 6,207 4,434

New Mexico 3,690 1,534 342 363 54 1,349 48

New York 180,202 83,256 48,874 4,105 16,242 11,407 16,318

North Carolina 35,164 7,966 6,342 4,566 7,196 5,823 3,271

North Dakota 2,272 879 101 589 526 172 5

Ohio 20,752 5,415 4,397 2,866 4,298 2,281 1,495

Oklahoma 12,068 3,908 1,052 4,427 1,331 1,109 241

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 18,032 6,253 4,757 2,173 2,343 1,466 1,040

Puerto Rico 1,824 374 1,170 0 159 64 57

Rhode Island 9,825 4,116 1,668 98 441 2,811 691

South Carolina 22,580 10,504 1,875 1,803 5,323 2,013 1,062

South Dakota 14,394 10,260 143 2,608 1,130 200 53

Tennessee 16,226 4,158 3,177 3,309 1,707 2,794 1,081

Texas 29,302 8,805 5,666 5,501 5,617 1,784 1,929

Utah 10,378 2,817 2,318 3,166 1,608 331 138

Vermont 4,389 1,672 1,369 76 288 499 485

Virginia 16,166 5,165 2,430 2,797 2,571 1,763 1,440

Washington -- -- -- -- -- -- --

West Virginia 1,205 340 416 185 45 204 15

Wisconsin 16,939 8,343 2,739 1,794 1,359 1,066 1,638

Wyoming 3,888 1,864 225 1,187 420 169 23

Total 1,180,448 439,755 255,401 170,220 129,343 115,273 70,456
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.3

Table G-3. Percentages of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment Services by 

State in 2021

States Percentages

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana/

Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.7 2.3 1.6 1.1

Alaska 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1

Arizona 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.3

Arkansas 0.9 0.6 0.1 2.4 1.3 1.2 0.4

California 9.4 6.4 9.4 20.2 6.9 10.6 4.2

Colorado 5.7 8.6 2.8 7.4 2.9 4.3 2.1

Connecticut 3.7 4.0 5.3 0.1 3.4 3.8 4.6

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.8

Florida 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.2 4.0 5.0 3.1

Georgia 2.9 3.0 0.7 3.2 6.0 2.2 4.7

Hawaii 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.5 1.7

Indiana 1.9 1.5 1.4 3.4 3.2 1.4 1.3

Iowa 1.7 1.9 0.3 3.8 3.0 0.6 0.4

Kansas 1.0 0.8 0.2 3.3 1.4 0.5 0.5

Kentucky 1.4 0.9 0.9 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.3

Louisiana 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1

Maine 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3

Maryland 3.0 1.7 4.3 0.2 1.8 9.9 4.3

Massachusetts 4.6 4.5 9.9 0.3 1.0 3.6 5.4

Michigan 5.3 6.1 6.0 3.7 2.4 4.2 8.0

Minnesota 4.9 5.4 2.9 9.6 4.1 3.7 2.1

Mississippi 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.8

Missouri 2.4 1.9 1.3 4.6 2.9 4.2 1.0

Montana 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Nebraska 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

Nevada 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1

New 

Hampshire 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

New Jersey 7.0 7.1 13.0 0.7 4.9 5.4 6.3

New Mexico 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.1

New York 15.3 18.9 19.1 2.4 12.6 9.9 23.2

North Carolina 3.0 1.8 2.5 2.7 5.6 5.1 4.6

North Dakota 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0

Ohio 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.7 3.3 2.0 2.1

Oklahoma 1.0 0.9 0.4 2.6 1.0 1.0 0.3

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.5

Puerto Rico 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Rhode Island 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.3 2.4 1.0

South Carolina 1.9 2.4 0.7 1.1 4.1 1.8 1.5

South Dakota 1.2 2.3 0.1 1.5 0.9 0.2 0.1

Tennessee 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.3 2.4 1.5

Texas 2.5 2.0 2.2 3.2 4.3 1.6 2.7

Utah 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.9 1.2 0.3 0.2

Vermont 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.7

Virginia 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.0 1.5 2.0

Washington -- -- -- -- -- -- --

West Virginia 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Wisconsin 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 2.3

Wyoming 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.4

Table G-4. Rates of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Admissions to Treatment Services by State in

2021

States Rates per 100,000*

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana/

Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 322 69 49 65 69 44 17

Alaska 813 461 153 83 59 27 5

Arizona 2,618 41 17 38 15 18 3

Arkansas 436 106 13 156 63 54 11

California 340 83 72 102 27 36 9

Colorado 1,372 752 144 251 74 98 29

Connecticut 1,636 557 433 3 141 140 104

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 530 175 121 8 44 16 92

Florida 195 40 21 11 27 30 11

Georgia 409 142 19 59 84 27 36

Hawaii 129 33 12 66 10 3 4

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 132 52 27 15 16 5 11

Indiana 397 112 61 99 72 28 15

Iowa 764 307 26 238 144 25 9

Kansas 543 140 19 223 71 25 13

Kentucky 453 102 62 116 62 55 23

Louisiana 341 52 20 49 38 13 20

Maine 499 169 214 23 15 48 19

Maryland 1,897 141 209 7 45 215 57

Massachusetts 922 322 415 9 21 68 62

Michigan 731 308 178 73 36 55 65

Minnesota 1,232 487 151 336 110 87 31

Mississippi 264 70 16 63 50 30 21

Missouri 565 157 63 147 70 92 13

Montana 95 54 8 26 4 2 0

Nebraska 389 181 6 106 40 8 6

Nevada 289 45 15 40 23 3 2

New 

Hampshire 62 17 23 8 2 7 5

New Jersey 1,088 390 417 15 80 78 56

New Mexico 225 84 19 20 3 74 3

New York 1,099 486 285 24 95 67 95

North Carolina 470 88 70 50 79 64 36

North Dakota 450 135 16 91 81 26 1

Ohio 214 54 44 28 43 23 15

Oklahoma 394 116 31 132 40 33 7

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 165 56 42 19 21 13 9

Puerto Rico 65 13 40 0 5 2 2

Rhode Island 1,053 428 173 10 46 292 72

South Carolina 549 235 42 40 119 45 24

South Dakota 2,071 1,367 19 347 151 27 7

Tennessee 282 70 53 55 29 47 18

Texas 130 36 23 22 23 7 8

Utah 388 103 85 116 59 12 5

Vermont 782 292 239 13 50 87 85

Virginia 238 70 33 38 35 24 19

Washington -- -- -- -- -- -- --

West Virginia 92 22 27 12 3 13 1

Wisconsin 342 164 54 35 27 21 32

Wyoming 799 377 45 240 85 34 5

Total 430 160 93 62 47 42 26

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.5

Table G-5. Counts of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment Services by State

in 2021

States Counts

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana/

Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 9,864 2,169 1,530 2,220 2,060 1,323 562

Alaska 5,450 3,099 1,106 666 388 153 38

Arizona 8,260 2,471 1,327 2,288 925 1,056 193

Arkansas 8,617 2,286 276 3,232 1,400 1,159 264

California 108,296 26,546 24,938 33,988 9,352 9,759 3,713

Colorado 56,713 30,812 6,469 11,202 3,396 3,564 1,270

Connecticut 38,793 15,555 12,916 82 3,528 3,894 2,818

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 2,551 907 754 42 246 94 508

Florida 12,631 3,873 1,926 835 1,997 2,846 1,154

Georgia 37,399 14,987 1,920 5,811 8,003 2,852 3,826

Hawaii 5,096 1,000 340 2,849 662 121 124

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 15,249 6,373 3,407 1,739 1,774 593 1,363

Indiana 18,988 5,563 3,081 4,702 3,536 1,357 749

Iowa 680 244 24 278 103 25 6

Kansas 4,951 1,542 145 2,156 741 218 149

Kentucky 58,194 11,599 9,703 17,799 7,686 9,515 1,892

Louisiana 7,638 2,102 906 1,938 1,385 485 822

Maine 3,844 1,415 1,549 200 110 427 143

Maryland 287 44 82 0 18 114 29

Massachusetts 44,222 16,563 20,508 469 877 2,722 3,083

Michigan 57,570 24,539 14,787 5,607 2,984 4,448 5,205

Minnesota 37,606 15,876 4,336 10,435 3,435 2,542 982

Mississippi 6,673 1,820 578 1,736 1,076 879 584

Missouri 35,794 10,023 4,553 10,490 4,649 5,263 816

Montana 2,428 1,301 152 681 161 121 12

Nebraska 4,298 2,237 74 1,317 508 107 55

Nevada 2,137 772 259 684 329 52 41

New 

Hampshire 1,283 368 533 142 35 120 85

New Jersey 77,440 28,875 31,447 1,136 6,269 5,618 4,095

New Mexico 227 160 18 20 0 20 9

New York 173,353 80,028 47,905 3,765 16,355 9,624 15,676

North Carolina 120,117 28,135 37,201 8,733 9,222 27,795 9,031

North Dakota 1,375 503 88 422 250 110 2

Ohio 11,260 2,755 2,635 1,527 2,409 1,075 859

Oklahoma 10,714 3,421 837 4,067 1,272 897 220

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 17,842 6,123 5,085 2,158 1,943 1,603 930

Puerto Rico 1,682 316 1,101 0 186 37 42

Rhode Island 9,473 3,788 2,092 78 353 2,562 600

South Carolina 24,013 11,288 2,154 1,839 5,294 2,345 1,093

South Dakota 9,897 6,763 110 1,992 840 150 42

Tennessee 12,598 3,286 2,417 2,746 1,256 2,140 753

Texas 14,827 4,020 2,300 2,674 4,070 708 1,055

Utah 13,524 3,591 3,089 4,603 1,705 337 199

Vermont 4,704 1,853 1,457 78 296 495 525

Virginia 14,396 4,651 2,315 2,174 2,391 1,520 1,345

Washington 6,066 1,913 1,440 1,659 494 514 46

West Virginia 379 146 78 39 31 82 3

Wisconsin 3,080 1,674 380 375 346 130 175

Wyoming 4,005 1,959 218 1,159 439 195 35

Total 1,126,484 401,334 262,546 164,832 116,785 113,766 67,221
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.6

Table G-6. Percentages of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment Services by 

State in 2021

States Percentages

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana 

/Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.8

Alaska 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

Arizona 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.3

Arkansas 0.8 0.6 0.1 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.4

California 9.6 6.6 9.5 20.6 8.0 8.6 5.5

Colorado 5.0 7.7 2.5 6.8 2.9 3.1 1.9

Connecticut 3.4 3.9 4.9 0.1 3.0 3.4 4.2

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.8

Florida 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.7 2.5 1.7

Georgia 3.3 3.7 0.7 3.5 6.9 2.5 5.7

Hawaii 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.2

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.5 2.0

Indiana 1.7 1.4 1.2 2.9 3.0 1.2 1.1

Iowa 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Kansas 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2

Kentucky 5.2 2.9 3.7 10.8 6.6 8.4 2.8

Louisiana 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.2

Maine 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Maryland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Massachusetts 3.9 4.1 7.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 4.6

Michigan 5.1 6.1 5.6 3.4 2.6 3.9 7.7

Minnesota 3.3 4.0 1.7 6.3 2.9 2.2 1.5

Mississippi 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9

Missouri 3.2 2.5 1.7 6.4 4.0 4.6 1.2

Montana 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Nebraska 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1

Nevada 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

New 

Hampshire 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

New Jersey 6.9 7.2 12.0 0.7 5.4 4.9 6.1

New Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

New York 15.4 19.9 18.3 2.3 14.0 8.5 23.3

North Carolina 10.7 7.0 14.2 5.3 7.9 24.4 13.4

North Dakota 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Ohio 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 2.1 0.9 1.3

Oklahoma 1.0 0.9 0.3 2.5 1.1 0.8 0.3

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.4

Puerto Rico 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

Rhode Island 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.3 0.9

South Carolina 2.1 2.8 0.8 1.1 4.5 2.1 1.6

South Dakota 0.9 1.7 0.0 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.1

Tennessee 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.1

Texas 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.6 3.5 0.6 1.6

Utah 1.2 0.9 1.2 2.8 1.5 0.3 0.3

Vermont 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.8

Virginia 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.3 2.1 1.3 2.0

Washington 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.1

West Virginia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Wisconsin 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3

Wyoming 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | G.7

Table G-7. Rates of Top 6 Primary Substances Among Discharges from Treatment Services by State in

2021

States Rates per 100,000*

Top 6 Primary 

Substances Alcohol Heroin Methamphetamine

Marijuana 

/Hashish

Other Opiates/ 

Synthetics Cocaine

Alabama 235 50 35 51 48 31 13

Alaska 915 506 180 109 63 25 6

Arizona 2,471 40 21 37 15 17 3

Arkansas 364 89 11 126 54 45 10

California 331 79 74 101 28 29 11

Colorado 1,152 614 129 223 68 71 25

Connecticut 1,387 494 410 3 112 124 89

Delaware -- -- -- -- -- -- --

District of 

Columbia 510 157 130 7 43 16 88

Florida 88 20 10 4 11 15 6

Georgia 451 163 21 63 87 31 42

Hawaii 419 81 28 231 54 10 10

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Illinois 147 59 31 16 16 5 13

Indiana 337 96 53 81 61 23 13

Iowa 26 9 1 10 4 1 0

Kansas 207 62 6 87 30 9 6

Kentucky 1,627 301 252 462 200 247 49

Louisiana 365 54 23 49 35 12 21

Maine 324 117 128 16 9 35 12

Maryland 11 1 2 0 0 2 1

Massachusetts 740 271 335 8 14 45 50

Michigan 677 283 171 65 34 51 60

Minnesota 795 327 89 215 71 52 20

Mississippi 279 72 23 69 43 35 23

Missouri 703 190 86 199 88 100 15

Montana 280 136 16 71 17 13 1

Nebraska 288 136 4 80 31 6 3

Nevada 217 29 10 25 12 2 2

New 

Hampshire 108 30 43 12 3 10 7

New Jersey 1,019 362 395 14 79 71 51

New Mexico 13 9 1 1 0 1 0

New York 1,056 467 280 22 95 56 91

North Carolina 1,478 310 410 96 102 306 99

North Dakota 259 77 14 65 38 17 0

Ohio 115 27 26 15 24 11 9

Oklahoma 352 102 25 121 38 27 7

Oregon -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Pennsylvania 163 54 45 19 17 14 8

Puerto Rico 60 11 37 0 6 1 1

Rhode Island 1,014 394 217 8 37 266 62

South Carolina 579 252 48 41 118 52 24

South Dakota 1,424 901 15 265 112 20 6

Tennessee 219 55 40 46 21 36 13

Texas 66 16 9 11 16 3 4

Utah 507 131 113 169 62 12 7

Vermont 838 324 255 14 52 87 92

Virginia 208 63 31 29 32 20 18

Washington 148 29 22 25 7 8 1

West Virginia 26 9 5 3 2 5 0

Wisconsin 63 33 7 7 7 3 3

Wyoming 822 396 44 234 89 39 7

Total 401 143 93 59 42 40 24

*For more information on rates per 100,000 calculations, please see Appendix I.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | H.1

Appendix H. Overall Missing Admissions and Discharges Counts and Percentages by Key Characteristics, 

2021

Table H-1. Overall Missing Admissions Counts and Percentages by Key Characteristics in 2021

Admissions*

Number 

Reporting

Number 

Missing**

Percent 

Reporting

Percent 

Missing**

Age 1,482,543 0 100.0 0.0

Race 1,385,235 97,308 93.4 6.6

Ethnicity 1,360,167 122,376 91.8 8.3

Sex 1,481,289 1,254 99.9 0.1

Referral Source 1,239,947 242,596 83.6 16.4

Type of Treatment Service 1,482,543 0 100.0 0.0

Primary Substance Use 1,263,163 219,380 85.2 14.8

Living Arrangement at Admission 1,154,322 197,426 85.4 14.6

Employment Status at Admission 1,168,560 183,188 86.5 13.6

Education at Admission 1,152,234 199,514 85.2 14.8

Number of Arrests in the

Past 30 Days at Admission 1,137,552 214,196 84.2 15.9

Detailed Criminal Justice Referral 

at Admission 207,177 1,144,571 15.3 84.7

Attendance of Substance Use Self-Help 

Groups in the Past 30 Days at Admission 1,065,479 286,269 78.8 21.2

Table H-2. Overall Missing Discharges Counts and Percentages by Key Characteristics in 2021

Discharge*

Number 

Reporting

Number 

Missing**

Percent 

Reporting

Percent 

Missing**

Age 1,351,748 0 100.0 0.0

Race 1,289,286 62,462 95.4 4.6

Ethnicity 1,292,772 58,976 95.6 4.4

Sex 1,350,831 917 99.9 0.1

Primary Substance Use 1,201,504 150,244 88.9 11.1

Reason for Discharge 1,351,748 0 100.0 0.0

Living Arrangement at Discharge 1,038,536 313,212 76.8 23.2

Employment Status at Discharge 1,101,931 249,817 81.5 18.5

Number of Arrests in Past 30 Days 

at Discharge 1,088,980 262,768 80.6 19.4

Attendance at Substance Use Self-Help 

Groups in Past 30 Days at Discharge 1,074,681 277,067 79.5 20.5

*For definitions of specific data categories, characteristics and substance types included in TEDS, please see Appendix A.

**Includes missing, unknown, not collected and not applicable.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | I.1

Appendix I. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Detailed Overview

Introduction and Background

This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) on the demographic and substance use 

characteristics of admissions to and discharges from substance use treatment services. The Center for Behavioral 

Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 

coordinates and manages the collection of TEDS data from the states and jurisdictions.

TEDS is a compilation of client-level data routinely collected by the individual state administrative data systems to 

monitor their substance use treatment systems. Generally, facilities that are required to report to the single state

agencies (SSA) are those that receive public funds and/or are licensed or certified by the SSAs to provide substance 

use treatment.

The TEDS system comprises two major components: the Admission Data Set and the Linked Discharge Data Set. 

The TEDS Admission Data Set includes client-level data on substance use treatment admissions from 1992 through 

the present. The TEDS Linked Discharge Data Set includes discharges that can be linked at a record level to 

admissions; it includes information from clients discharged in 2000 and later. For both data sets, selected data items 

from the individual state data files are converted to a standardized format consistent across states. These 

standardized data constitute TEDS.

The TEDS Admission Data Set consists of a Minimum Data Set of items collected by all states, and a Supplemental 

Data Set where individual data items are reported at the state’s discretion. The Minimum Data Set consists of 19 

items that include information on: 

• demographic information

• primary, secondary, and tertiary substances and their route of administration, frequency of use, and age at 

first use

• source of referral to treatment

• number of prior treatment episodes

• type of treatment service, including planned use of medication-assisted opioid therapy

The Supplemental Data Set items include psychiatric, social, and economic measures. Some items from the 

Supplemental Data Set are included in the Linked Discharge Data Set to explore how the status changes between 

admission and discharge.

The TEDS Linked Discharge Data Set was designed to enable TEDS to collect information on entire treatment 

episodes. Discharge data, when linked to admission data, represent treatment episodes that enable analyses of 

questions that cannot be answered with admission data alone. Examples include the proportion of discharges that 

completed treatment and the average length of stay (LOS) among those who completed treatment.

History

National-level data collection on admissions to substance use treatment was first mandated in 1972 under the Drug 

Abuse Office and Treatment Act, P.L. 92-255. This act initiated federal funding for drug treatment and rehabilitation 

and required reporting on clients entering drug (but not alcohol) use treatment. The Client-Oriented Data 

Acquisition Process (CODAP) was developed to collect admission and discharge data directly from federally funded 

drug treatment programs. (Programs for treatment of alcohol use were not included.) Reporting was mandatory for 

all such programs and data were collected using a standard form. CODAP included all clients in federally funded 

programs regardless of individual funding source. Reports were issued from 1973 to 1981 based on data from about

1,800 to 2,000 programs, including some 200,000 annual admissions. 

In 1981, the collection of national-level data on admissions to substance use treatment was discontinued because of 

the introduction of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services (ADMS) Block Grant. The block grant 

transferred federal funding from individual programs to the states for distribution and included no data reporting 

requirement. Participation in CODAP became voluntary; although several states submitted data through 1984, the 

data was in no way nationally representative. 

In 1988, the Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Amendments (P.L. 100-690) 

established a revised Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) Block Grant and mandated federal data 

collection on clients receiving treatment for either alcohol or drug use. The TEDS data collection effort represents 

the federal response to this mandate. TEDS began in 1989 with the issue of three-year development grants to states.
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | I.2

State Data Collection Systems

TEDS is an exceptionally large and powerful data set that covers a significant proportion of all admissions to 

substance use treatment. TEDS comprises data collected through the individual data collection systems of the SSAs 

for substance use treatment. States have cooperated with the federal government in the data collection process, and 

substantial progress has been made toward developing a standardized data set. However, because each state system 

is unique, and each state has unique powers and mandates, significant differences exist among state data collection 

systems. States are required to complete a data crosswalk prior to submitting TEDS data, which thereafter is 

reviewed and approved on an annual basis. A state data crosswalk contains a one-to-one mapping of a state’s data 

fields, codes, and categories to the TEDS data fields, codes, and categories. A sample state crosswalk can found 

here: combined_su_mh_crosswalk_template_10_2018.pdf (samhsa.gov)

Reporting differences between states are compounded by evolving health care payment systems and state-to-state 

comparisons should be made with extreme caution. TEDS admissions and/or clients do not represent the total 

national demand for substance use treatment or the prevalence of substance use in the general population. States 

differ widely in the amount of public funding available for substance use treatment and the constraints placed on the 

use of funds. For example, some states may be directed to target special populations such as pregnant women or 

adolescents. While states with higher funding levels may be able to admit a larger proportion of population in need 

of treatment, states with limited funds may be compelled to exercise triage in admitting persons to treatment. 

States may include or exclude reporting by certain sectors of the treatment population, and these sectors may change 

over time. For example, treatment programs based in the criminal justice system may or may not be administered 

through the SSA. Detoxification facilities, which can generate large numbers of admissions, are not uniformly 

considered treatment facilities and are not uniformly reported by all states.

• Facilities included. The scope of facilities included in TEDS is affected by differences in state licensure, 

certification, and accreditation practices, and disbursement of public funds. Most SSAs require facilities 

that receive state/public funding (including federal block grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or 

drug treatment services to report data to the SSA. Generally, this funding is distributed by the SSA, but 

may be distributed by another public agency. Some SSAs regulate private facilities, methadone clinics, 

and/or individual practitioners and require them to report TEDS data. Others do not because of the 

difficulty in obtaining data from these facilities, although these facilities may report data voluntarily. 

Facilities operated by federal agencies (e.g., the Bureau of Prisons, the Department of Defense, and the 

Department of Veterans Affairs) generally do not report TEDS data to the SSA, although some facilities 

operated by the Indian Health Service are included. Hospital-based substance use treatment facilities are 

frequently not licensed through the SSA and do not report TEDS data. Correctional facilities (state prisons 

and local jails) are monitored by the SSA and report TEDS data in some states but not in others. The 

primary goal of TEDS is to monitor the characteristics of clients admitted to planned and continuing 

treatment regimens. Thus, early intervention and crisis intervention programs that do not lead to enrollment 

in continued treatment are excluded from TEDS.

• Clients included. About 67 percent of states reported data on all admissions to eligible facilities, although 

some reported only, or largely include admissions financed by public funds. TEDS is an admission-based 

system; therefore, TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. For example, an individual admitted to 

treatment twice within a calendar year is counted as two admissions.

• Ability to track multi-service episodes. The goal for the TEDS system is to enumerate treatment episodes by 

distinguishing the initial admission of a client from his/her subsequent transfer to a different type of 

treatment service (e.g., from residential treatment to outpatient) within a single continuous treatment 

episode. Thus, TEDS records are ideally coded as admissions if they represent the initial treatment service 

in a treatment episode and as transfers if they represent a change in the type of treatment service or a 

change in provider without an interruption in treatment. This requires that clients be assigned unique IDs 

that can be linked across providers; not all states are legally and/or technologically able to do this. Most 

states can identify transfers as a change in the type of treatment service within a given provider; however, 

few can also identify a transfer involving a change of provider. Several states do not track transfers, but 

instead report transfers as clients who are discharged and readmitted within a specified time period defined 

by each state. Because some admission records, in fact, may represent transfers, the number of admissions 

reported probably overestimates the number of treatment episodes. Some states reported a limited data set 

on codependents of substance users entering treatment. 

• Services offered. Each state offers a mixture of types of treatment service (e.g., outpatient, detoxification, 

residential, opioid therapy) which can have a significant effect on its admission rate. There is higher client 

turnover and therefore more admissions in short-stay services such as detoxification than in long-stay 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | I.3

services such as outpatient or long-term residential treatment. Admission rates for individual substances 

used may be affected as well (e.g., detoxification is more closely associated with alcohol or heroin use than 

with the use of other substances).

• Completeness and timeliness of reporting. SAMHSA, in reporting national-level TEDS data must balance 

timeliness of reporting and completeness of the data set. There may be a time lag in the publication of 

SAMHSA’s annual report because preparation cannot begin until states have completed their data 

submission for that year. States, in turn, rely on individual facilities to report in a timely manner so they can 

submit TEDS data to SAMHSA at regular intervals. Admissions from facilities that report late to the states 

will appear in a later data submission to SAMHSA, so the number of annual admissions in a report may be 

higher in subsequent reports. The number of additional admissions submitted late is generally small. Thus, 

the percentage distributions may change slightly in subsequent reports, although Census division- and statelevel data may change somewhat more for states with reporting delays. States continually review and 

improve their data collection and processing. When systematic errors are identified, states may revise or 

replace historical TEDS data files. While this process represents an improvement in the data system, the 

historical statistics in this report will differ slightly from those in previous years reports. Therefore, public 

use files differ from year to year, making it difficult to replicate corresponding year reports.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various states have experienced challenges as some substance use treatment 

providers or facilities temporarily discontinued their substance use treatment services. In addition, some states 

reported that there has been a decrease in resources and staffing availability at the provider level. Loss of data from 

these providers may have contributed to the overall decrease of the 2021 admission and discharge data. A few states 

reported significant decreases in the total number of TEDS admissions due to the impact of Medicaid expansion. 

States are expected to report all variables in the Minimum Data Set. Variables in the Supplemental Data Set are 

collected at each state’s discretion. 

Data Notes and Limitations

TEDS data are subject to change as states continually review the quality of their data and may revise the files in case 

of data quality issues and/or errors. While this process improves the data set over time, reported historical TEDS 

statistics may change slightly from year to year. TEDS records do not represent clients; rather, each record 

represents a treatment episode. For example, a client admitted to substance use treatment twice within a calendar 

year will be counted as two admissions. Similarly, a client discharged from substance use treatment twice within a 

calendar year will be counted as two discharges. TEDS also provides information on specific types of treatment 

service derived from linked pairs of admissions or discharge records. However, this may not represent complete 

treatment episodes which may consist of stays in multiple types of services. Identifying complete treatment episodes 

would require analysis of the series of linked pairs of records. Most SSAs report a single continuous treatment 

episode that involves transfer to a different type of service (i.e., from outpatient to residential) as one admission. 

However, some SSAs do not track transfers, and may report them as new admissions. In such instances, the number 

of admissions may overestimate the number of treatment episodes. TEDS allows up to three substances to be listed 

on the admission record: primary, secondary, and tertiary. These represent the substances that led to the treatment 

episode; however, it does not necessarily account for all drugs used at the time of admission. 

The scope of facilities included in TEDS is affected by differences in state licensure, certification, and accreditation 

practices, and disbursement of public funds. Most SSAs require facilities that receive state/public funding (including 

federal block grant funds) for providing alcohol and/or drug treatment services to report data to the SSA. Some 

SSAs regulate private facilities, opioid treatment programs, and/or individual practitioners and require them to 

report TEDS data. Because of differences in individual state data systems, data collection, and methodology, caution 

should be exercised when comparing state estimates. Additional information outlining individual state data system 

reporting characteristics is included in Appendix C of this report, and additional information for facilities included in 

the state data collection system is included in Appendix I of this report.

Report-Specific Considerations

Treatment admissions for codependents of substance use clients are excluded. Records for identifiable transfers 

within a single-treatment episode are excluded for admissions but included in the discharge counts. Records with 

partially complete data have been retained. Records with missing reason for discharge have been excluded from the 

count of discharges reported. Methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions include admissions for both substances 

but are primarily for methamphetamine. In 2021, methamphetamine constituted about 92 percent of combined 

methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions. The discharge records analyzed go as far back as the year 2000, which 

puts the maximum value LOS in treatment at 21 years. The duration of treatment for clients receiving outpatient 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | I.4

medication-assisted opioid therapy can be much longer, and some admissions may receive this form of treatment 

indefinitely. Therefore, the median LOS in this report underestimates duration of treatment for those currently

receiving outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy. Similarly, the characteristics of clients discharged from 

outpatient medication-assisted opioid therapy within 21 years would differ from those still in treatment. 

Rates per 100,000 Calculations

Denominators for calculating the rates per 100,000 populations were derived from the following three sources: 

1. U.S. Census Bureau for population estimates by demographic characteristics, states, and education. 

Citations below: 

o Annual State Resident Population Estimates for 6 Race Groups (5 Race Alone Groups and Two or 

More Races) by Age, Sex, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (SC-EST2021-

ALLDATA6).

o Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for Puerto Rico 

Commonwealth: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (PRC-EST2021-SYASEX). 

o Education tables: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 Annual Social and 

Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). TEDS data (numerator) excludes Puerto Rico counts to align 

with denominator. Numerator is restricted to TEDS discharges 18 years and over to align with 

denominator (U.S. population 18 years and over).

2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for population estimates by employment status. Citation below: 

o Employment tables: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, States and selected areas: Employment status 

of the civilian noninstitutional population, January 1976 to date, not seasonally adjusted. 

Numerator is restricted to TEDS admissions/discharges 16 years and over to align with 

denominator (U.S. population 16 years and over). State exclusions have been applied to make 

denominator comparable to TEDS.

3. American Community Survey (ACS) for population by Hispanic of Latino Origin for Puerto Rico. Citation 

below: 

o U.S. Census Bureau, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Puerto Rico Race and 

Hispanic or Latino Origin.

These population estimates were adjusted to (a) align with the states that are included in this report, and (b) obtain 

estimated counts for race and ethnicity by applying the ACS distribution ratios for these subgroups to the totals 

reported.

Exclusion Criteria

States with admission or discharge record counts in 2021 that are less than 50 percent compared to the average of 

counts submitted for the three prior years (i.e., average of 2018, 2019, and 2020 counts) are excluded from this 

report. Admission counts from the following states were excluded: Delaware, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. 

Discharge counts from the following states were excluded: Delaware, Idaho, and Oregon.

Additional Resources

For additional information on TEDS, including the previous years’ reports, instruction manuals, and cross-walks, 

please refer to https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/teds-treatment-episode-data-set. 
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2021: Admissions to and Discharges from Substance Use Treatment Services Reported by Single State Agencies | I.5