## FAA

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U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation

Administration



# COMMERCIAL PILOT ‒

AIRPLANE

Airman Certification Standards

Date TBD

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE Washington, DC 20591Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) , Airman Testing Standards
Branch, AFS

- 630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 developed this Airman Certification Standards ( ACS ) document with the assistance of the aviation community. The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable support from the many individuals and organiz ations who contributed their time and expertise to assist in this endeavor.

AVAILABILITY

This ACS is available for download from www.faa.gov . Please send comments regarding this document

to AFS630comments@faa.gov

.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR FOREWORD

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published the Commercial Pilot

— Airplane Airman Certification Standards (ACS) document to communicate the aeronautical knowledge, flight pr oficiency, and risk management standards for commercial pilot certification in the airplane category, single

- engine land and sea; and multiengine land and sea classes. This ACS incorporates and supersedes the previous Practical Test Standards (PTS).

The FA A views the ACS as the foundation of its transition to a more integrated and systematic approach to airman certification. The ACS is part of the safety management system (SMS) framework that the FAA

uses to mitigate risk s associated with airman certificati on training and testing . Specifically, the ACS, associated guidance, and test item bank question components of the airman certification system are constructed around the four functional components of an SMS:

• Safety Policy that defines and describes aerona utical knowledge, flight proficiency, and risk management as integrated components of the airman certification system;

• Safety Risk Management processes through which internal and external stakeholders identify and evaluate regulatory changes, safety recomm endations, or other factors that require modification of airman testing and training materials;

• Safety Assurance processes to ensure the prompt and appropriate incorporation of changes arising from new regulations and safety recommendations; and

• Safety Pr omotion in the form of ongoing engagement with both external stakeholders (e.g., the aviation training industry) and FAA policy divisions.

In this connection, the FAA gratefully acknowledges and deeply appreciates the many hours that aviation training expe rts throughout the industry have contributed to the development of this ACS, along with the associated guidance and a more systematic approach to knowledge test question development. This kind of collaboration, a hallmark of a robust safety culture, streng thens and enhances aviation safety at every level of the airman certification system.

John S

. Duncan Acting Director, Flight Standards ServiceCommercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ii

AVAILABILITY

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... ii

FOREWORD

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ v

INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... i x

Airman Certification Standards Concept

................................ ................................ ............................... i x

Using the ACS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... i x

SINGLE

- ENGINE, MULTIENGINE LAND AND SEA AREAS OF OPERATION

................................ .......... 1

I. Preflight Preparation

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 1

A. Pilot Qualifications

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 1

B. Airworthiness Requirements

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 2

C. Weather Information

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 3

D. Cross

- Country Flight Plan ning

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 4

E. National Airspace System

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 5

F. Performance and Limitations

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 6

G. Operation of Systems

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 7

H. Human Factors

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 8

I. Wat er and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 9

J. Principles of F light

– Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)

................................ ............................... 10

II. Preflight Procedures

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 11

A. Preflight Assessment

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 11

B. Cockpit Management

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 12

C. Engine Starting

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 13

D. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 14

E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ ................................ 15

F. Before Takeoff Check

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 17

I II. Airport and Seaplane Base Operations

................................ ................................ ......................... 18

A. Communications and Light Gun Signals

................................ ................................ ........................ 18

B. Traffic Patterns

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 19

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go

- Arounds

................................ ................................ ............................ 20

A. Normal Tak eoff and Climb

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 20

B. Normal Approach and Landing

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 22

C. Soft

- Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL)

................................ ................................ ............................. 24

D. Soft

- Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)

................................ ................................ ...................... 26

E. Short

- Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL)

................................ ........ 28

F. Short

- Field Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)

................................ ................................ ........ 30Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)

................................ .. 32

H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ . 34

I. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ .......... 36

J. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ ... 37

K. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ .......... 38

L. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ ... 39

M. Power

- Off 180 ° Accuracy Approach and Landing (ASEL, ASES)

................................ ................. 40

N. Go

- Around/Rejected Landing

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 41

V. Performance Maneuvers

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 42

A. Steep Turns

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 42

B. Steep Spiral (ASEL, ASES)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 43

C. Chandelles (ASEL, ASES)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 44

D. Lazy Eights (ASEL, AS ES)

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 45

E. Eights on Pylons (ASEL, ASES)

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 46

VI. Navigation

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 47

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 47

B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services

................................ ................................ ....................... 48

C. Diversion

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 49

D. Lost Procedures

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 50

VII. Slow Flight and Stalls

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 51

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 51

B. Power

- Off Sta lls

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 52

C. Power

- On Stalls

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 53

D. A ccelerated Stalls (ASEL)

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 55

E. Spin Awareness

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 56

VIII. Emergency Operations

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 57

A. Power Failure at Altitu de (Simulated)

................................ ................................ ............................ 57

B. Emergency Descent

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 58

C. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

................................ ................................ ........................... 59

D. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

................................ ................................ ..................... 60

E. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before V MC (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

................................ ....... 61

F. Engine Failure After Lift

- Off (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

................................ .............................. 62

G. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

.......................... 63

IX. High Altitude Operations

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 64

A. Supplemental Oxygen

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 64

B. Pressurization

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR IX. Multiengine Operations

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 66

A. Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)

................................ .......................... 66

B. V MC Demonstration (AMEL, AMES)

................................ ................................ ............................... 67

C. Engine Failure D uring Flight (by reference to instruments) (AMEL, AMES)

................................ .. 68

D. Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulate d) by Reference to Instruments (AMEL, AMES)

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 69

XI. Postflight Procedures

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 70

A. Parking and Securing (ASEL, AMEL)

................................ ................................ ............................. 70

B. Seaplane Post

- Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES)

................................ ................................ ..... 71

APP ENDIX 1: FLIGHT SIMULATION

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1

- 1

Airplane Single

- Engine, MultiEngine Land and Sea

................................ ................................ .................. 1

- 1

Task vs. Simulation Device Credit

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 1

- 1

Use of Chart

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 1

- 1

Flight Simulation Device Level

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1

- 2

APPENDIX 2: THE KNOWLEDGE TEST

................................ ................................ ................................ . 2

- 1

Knowledge Test Description

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 2

- 1

Eligibility Requirements

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 2

- 1

Knowledge Test Centers

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 2

- 1

Knowledge Test Registration

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 2

- 1

Test Authorization

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 2

- 1

Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips

................................ ................................ ................................ 2

- 2

FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding

................................ ................................ .............................. 2

- 3

Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodations

................................ ......... 2

- 3

Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct

................................ ................................ .......................... 2

- 4

Airman Knowledge Test Report

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2

- 4

APPENDIX 3: THE PRACTICA L TEST

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 3

- 1

Conduct of the Practical Test

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 3

- 1

Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation

................................ .............................. 3

- 1

Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation

................................ ................................ ......... 3

- 2

U se of FAA

- Approved Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD)

................................ ...................... 3

- 2

Use of Checklists

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 3

- 3

Use of Distractions

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 3

- 3

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 3

- 3

Stall and Spin Awareness

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 3

- 3

Possible Outcomes of the Practical Test

................................ ................................ ............................ 3

- 3

Prerequisites for the Test

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 3

- 5

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

................................ ................................ ..... 3

- 5

Instructor Responsibilities

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 3

- 6

Evaluator Responsibilitie s

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 3

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLES

................................ ................................ ............. 4

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Addition of an Airplane Single

- Engine Land Rating to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

........... 4

- 1

Addition of an Airplane Single

- Engine Sea Rating to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

............. 4

- 2

Addition of an Airplane Multiengine Land Rating to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

............... 4

- 3

Addition of an Airplane Multiengine Sea Rating to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

................. 4

- 4

APPENDIX 5: PRACTICAL TEST CHE CKLIST

................................ ................................ ....................... 5

- 1

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5

- 1

APPENDIX 6: REFERENCES

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 6

- 1

APPENDIX 7: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

................................ ................................ ............... 7

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**Airman Ce rtification Standards Concept** 

The goal of the airman certification process is to ensure the applicant possesses the knowledge and skill as well as the ability to manage the risks of flight in order to act as pilot in command consistent with the privileges of the certificate or rating being exercised . In fulfilling its responsibilities for the airman certification process, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards Service (AFS) plans, develops, and maintains materials related to

airman cert ification training and testing.

Historically, these materials have included several components. The FAA knowledge test measures mastery of the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61. The

Practic al Test Standards (PTS) define d the acceptable parameters of flight proficiency in the Areas of Operation

listed in 14 CFR part 61. FAA handbooks (FAA H

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, computer testing supplements (FAA

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The FAA recognizes that safe operations in today's complex National Airspace System (NAS) require a more systematic integration of aeronau tical knowledge, flight proficiency standards, and risk management. The FAA further recognizes the need to more clearly calibrate knowledge, skills, and risk management according to the level of the certificate or rating. To that end, the FAA drew upon the expertise of organizations and individuals

across the aviation and training community to develop the Airman Certification Standards (ACS). The ACS incorporates and supersedes the PTS.

Based on aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency standards specif ied in 14 CFR part 61, the ACS integrates the knowledge, skills, and risk management abilities necessary for the safe conduct of each Task. In keeping with this integrated and systematic approach, the knowledge, skills, and risk management sections of

each Task stipulate that the applicant must demonstrate understanding of each specific item. The applicant demonstrates this understanding by passing the knowledge exam and practical test.

Throughout this process, the FAA expects evaluators to assess the appli cant's mastery of the topic in accordance with the level of learning (i.e., rote, understanding, application, or correlation) most appropriate for the specified Task. For some topics, the evaluator will ask the applicant to describe or explain. For other i tems, the evaluator will assess the applicant's understanding by providing a scenario that requires the applicant to appropriately apply and/or correlate knowledge, experience, and information to the circumstances of the given scenario. The flight portion of the practical test requires the applicant to demonstrate flight proficiency, operational skill, and risk

manage ment in accordance with the ACS.

NOTE: A s us e d i n t h i s A C S

, an e v a l ua t or i s any per s on au tho r i z e d t o co nd uct a i r m an te s ti ng (e

. g

. , an F A A

a vi a t ion sa f e t y i nsp e c t or, d es ig na t ed p i l ot e x a m iner, or o t h e r i nd iv i dual au th or i z ed t o co n d u ct a prac t i cal t es t )

.

**Using the ACS**

The ACS consists of **Areas of Operation,** arranged in a logical sequence , that begin with Preflight Prepara tion

and end with Postfli ght Procedures. Each Area of Operation includes **Tasks** appropriate to that Area of Operation. Each Task begins with an **Objective** stating what the applicant should know and/or do. The ACS then lists the aeronautical knowledge, skills, and risk management ele ments relevant to the specific Task, along with the

conditions and standards for acceptable performance. The ACS uses **Notes** to em phasize special considerations. The ACS uses the terms "will" and "must" to convey directive (mandatory) information. The term s "should" and "may" denote items that a re recommended but not required

. The abbreviation(s) within parenthes e s immediately following a Task refer to the category and/or class aircraft appropriate to that Task. The meaning of each abbreviation is as follow s.

ASEL: Airplane

– Sin gle

- Engine Land

ASES: Airplane

– Single

- Engine Sea

AMEL: Airplane

– Multi e ngine Land

AMES: Airplane

– Multi e ngine Sea

NOTE: When administering a test based on this ACS, the Tasks appropriate to the class airplane (ASEL, ASES,

AM EL, or AMES) used for the test must be included in the plan of action. The absence of a class indicates the

Task is for all classes.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Each Task in the ACS is coded according to a scheme that includes four elements. For example:

CA.I.C.K1 : C A = A pplicable ACS ( C ommercial P ilot

‒ A irplane)

I = Area of O peration ( P reflight P reparation )

C = Task ( W eather I nformation );

K1 = Knowledge Task element 1 ( Acceptable sources of weather data for flight planning purposes )

Knowledge test questions are mapped to the ACS codes, which repla ce the previous system of “Learning Statement Codes.” Because the airman knowledge test report will list an ACS code that correlates to a specific Task Element for a given Area of Operation and Task, remedial instruction and re

- testing will be specific,

ta rgeted, and based on specified learning criteria. Similarly, a Notice of Disapproval for the practical test will use the ACS codes to identify the deficient Task element (s).

The applicant must pass the knowledge test before taking the practical test. The p ractical test is conducted in

accordance with the ACS that is current as of the date of the test. Further, the applicant must pass the oral portion of the practical test befo re beginning the flight portion. T he oral portion of the practical test allows t he evaluator to determine whether the applicant is sufficiently prepared to advance to the flight portion of the practical test. T he evaluator must assess the applicant on all S kill elements for each Task included in each Area of Operation of the ACS unles s otherwise noted. The evaluator must also assess at least one K nowledge element

and one R isk M anagement element in each Area of Operation, focusing on any task element (s) the applica nt missed on the knowledge exam. The evaluator administering the practic al test has the discretion to combine tasks/elements as appropriate to testing scenarios.

The FAA encourages applicants and instructors to use the ACS to measure progress during training, and as a reference to ensure the applicant is adequately prepared fo r the knowledge and practical tests. The FAA will revise the ACS as circumstances require.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR S IN GLE

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I. Preflight Preparation

Task **A. Pilot Qualifications**

Reference 14 CFR parts 61, 91 , 119 ; FAA

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with airman and medical certificates including privileges, limitations, currency, and operating as pilot

- in

- command as a private pilot.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Currency, regulatory compliance, privileges and limitations. 1. CA.I. A.K1
Location of airman documents and identification required when exercising 2. commercial p ilot privileges. CA.I. A.K2

Inspection of certificate. 3. CA.I. A.K3 Pilot logbook/record

- keeping. 4. CA.I. A.K4
Compensation. 5. CA.I. A.K5
Towing. 6. CA.I. A.K6 Category and Class. 7. CA.I. A.K7

Endorsements. 8. CA.I. A.K8
Medical Certificates: class, expira tion, privileges, temporary 9. disqualifications. CA.I. A.K9

Drugs, alcohol regulatory restrictions that affect the pilot’s ability to operate 10. safely. CA.I. A.K10

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to apply requirements to act as PIC

under Visua l Flight Rules (VFR) in a scenario given by the evaluator. CA.I. A.S1

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Distinguishing proficiency vs. currency. 1. CA.I. A.R1 Setting personal mi nimums. 2. CA.I. A.R2
Maintaining fitness to fly. 3. CA.I. A.R3
Flying unfamiliar aircraft. 4. CA.I. A.R4
Flying with unfamiliar flight display systems or unfamiliar avionics. 5. CA.I. A.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Airworthiness Requirements**

Reference 14 CFR parts 39, 43, 91; FAA

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with airworthiness requirements, including aircraft certificates.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates under standing of:

General airworthiness requirements and compliance for airplanes. 1. CA.I. B.K1

a. Certificate location and expiration dates CA.I. B.K1a

b. Required inspections CA.I. B.K1b

c. Inspection requirements CA.I. B.K1c
Individuals who can perform maintena nce on the aircraft, including A&P 2. and IA roles in aircraft maintenance and inspections. CA.I. B.K2

Pilot

- performed preventive maintenance. 3. CA.I. B.K3
Equipment requirements for day and night flight including flying with 4. inoperative equipment (approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL), Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL), required equipment for Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight, required equipment, placards). CA.I. B.K4

Proving airworthiness (specifics of the aircraft

– compliance with 5. Airworthiness Directives or applicability of Safety Bulletins). CA.I. B.K5

Obtaining a special flight permit. 6. CA.I. B.K6
Experimental aircraft airworthiness. 7. CA.I. B.K7
Equipment malfunctions. 8. CA.I. B.K8

Skills The applicant demonst rates the ability to:

Locate aircraft airworthiness information. 1. CA.I. B.S1
Determine the aircraft is airworthy in a scenario given by the evaluator. 2. CA.I. B.S2
Explain conditions where flight can be made with inoperative equipment. 3. CA.I. B.S3

Ex plain requirements for obtaining and flying with a Special Flight Permit. 4. CA.I. B.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Inoperative equipment. 1. CA.I. B.R1
Equipment failure dur ing flight. 2. CA.I. B.R2
Discrepancy records or placards. 3. CA.I. B.R3Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Weather Information**

Reference 14 CFR part 91; AC 00

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Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and r isk management associated with weather information for a flight under VFR.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Acceptable sources of weather data for flight planning purposes. 1. CA.I. C.K1
Weather products required for preflight plann ing and enroute operations. 2. CA.I. C.K2
Current and forecast weather for departure, arrival, enroute phases of flight. 3. CA.I. C.K3
Meteorology applicable to local, departure, enroute, alternate, and 4. destination of VFR flight in Visual Meteorological Condit ions (VMC) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as: CA.I. C.K4

a. Atmospheric composition and stability CA.I. C.K4a

b. Wind CA.I. C.K4b

c. Temperature CA.I. C.K4c

d. Moisture CA.I. C.K4d

e. Weather system formation, includin g air masses and fronts CA.I. C.K4e

f. Clouds CA.I. C.K4f

g. Turbulence CA.I. C.K4g

h. Thunderstorms CA.I. C.K4h

i. Wind shear CA.I. C.K4i
j. Icing CA.I. C.K4j

k. Fog CA.I. C.K4k

l. Frost CA.I. C.K4l

Enroute weather resources. 5. CA.I. C.K5

C ockpit Displays of Digital Weather and Aeronautical Information. 6. CA.I. C.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather 1. briefing. CA.I. C.S1

Correlate weather information to determine alternate requirements. 2. CA.I. C.S2
Correlate available weather information to make a competent go/no

- go or 3.

diversion decision. CA.I. C.S3

Update/interpret weather in flight. 4. CA.I. C.S4
Evaluate environmental conditions using valid and relia ble information 5. sources to be able to make a competent go/no

- go or diversion decision. CA.I. C.S5

Given a scenario where it would be appropriate, divert. 6. CA.I. C.S6
Use cockpit displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as 7. applicable. CA. I. C.S7

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Factors involved in making a valid go/no

- go decision. 1. CA.I. C.R1
Dynamic weather affecting flight. 2. CA.I. C.R2
Limitations of weather equipment

. 3. CA.I. C.R3
Limitations of aviation weather reports and forecasts. 4. CA.I. C.R4
Limitations of inflight aviation weather resources. 5. CA.I. C.R5
Identification of alternate airports along the intended route of flight and 6.

circumstances that would make di version prudent. CA.I. C.R6

Identification of weather conditions that may increase or reduce risk for the 7. planned flight. CA.I. C.R 7

Establishing personal weather minimums based on the parameters of the 8. flight (ceilings, visibility, cross

- wind component, etc.), a nd determining when existing and/or forecast weather conditions exceed these minimums. CA.I. C.R 8Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Cross**

**- Country Flight Planning** 

Reference 14 CFR part 91; FAA

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Objective To determi ne that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with cross

- country flights and VFR flight planning.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Route planning, including consideration of special u se airspace. 1. CA.I. D.K1 Applying universal coordinated time (UTC) to flight planning. 2. CA.I. D.K2 Converting and calculating time relative to time zones and ETA. 3. CA.I. D.K3 Calculating time, rate, course, distance, heading, TAS and ground speed, 4.

course

. CA.I. D.K4

Fuel planning. 5. CA.I. D.K5
Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, glide distance of 6. aircraft, hemispherical rules, and effect of wind. CA.I. D.K6

Conditions conducive to icing. 7. CA.I. D.K7 Symbology found on VFR charts. 8. CA.I. D.K8
Elements of a VFR flight plan. 9. CA.I. D.K9
Procedures for activating a VFR flight plan in controlled and non

- controlled 10. airspace. CA.I. D.K10

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Prepare a cross

- country flight plan assigned b y the evaluator including a 1. risk analysis. CA.I. D.S1

Transfer knowledge used for one region to another region (given local 2. climate, terrain, etc.). CA.I. D.S2

Update fuel planning/manage fuel. 3. CA.I. D.S3
Select appropriate routes, altitudes, and chec kpoints. 4. CA.I. D.S4
Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator. 5. CA.I. D.S5
Create and file a VFR flight plan. 6. CA.I. D.S6
Interpret departure, enroute, arrival route with reference to proper charts. 7. CA.I. D.S7
Explain or demonstrate diversion to alternate. 8. CA.I. D.S8
Applies pertinent information from A/FD; NOTAMs relative to airport, 9. runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications. CA.I. D.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
The pilot. 1. CA.I. D.R1

The aircraft. 2. CA.I. D.R2

The environment. 3. CA.I. D.R3
External pressures. 4. CA.I. D.R4
Lack of appropriate training when flight is planned in an area different from 5. the pilot’s local a rea, such as in mountains, high density airspace, or

Alaska. CA.I. D.R5

Tendency to complete the flight in spite of adverse change in conditions. 6. CA.I. D.R6
Appropriate VFR altitudes for the direction of flight. 7. CA.I. D.R7

Limitations of ATC services

. 8. CA.I. D.R8

Conservative fuel reserves. 9. CA.I. D.R9
A route overflying significant environmental influences, such mountains, 10. and large bodies of water. CA.I. D.R10

Flight in areas unsuitable for landing or below personal minimums. 11. CA.I. D.R11Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

5 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Ta sk **E. National Airspace System**

Reference 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2; Navigation Charts; AIM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with the National Airspace System ope rating under VFR as a private pilot.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Types of airspace/airspace classes. 1. CA.I. E.K1 Charting symbology. 2. CA.I. E.K2
Requirements for flying in different classes of airspace. 3. CA.I. E.K3
Special use, special flight rules areas, and other airspace areas. 4. CA.I. E.K4
Temporary flight restrictions. 5. CA.I. E.K5
Aircraft speed limitations in various classes of airspace. 6. CA.I. E.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Determine the r equirements for flying in particular classes of airspace. 1. CA.I. E.S1
Determine the requirements for flying in special use airspace, and special 2. flight rule airspace. CA.I. E.S2

Properly identify airspace and operate accordingly with regards to 3.

communic ation and equipment requirements. CA.I. E.S3

Applies pertinent operations and requirements to account for special use 4. airspace (SUA), temporary flight rules (TFR), and Special Flight Rule Areas (SFRA). CA.I. E.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrat es the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Various classes of airspace. 1. CA.I. E.R1
Maintaining VFR at night underneath airspace. 2. CA.I. E.R2
Special use airspace. 3. CA.I. E.R3
Compliance with or avoidance of specific enroute airspace. 4. CA.I. E.R4Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 6

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **F. Performance and Limitations**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 1, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with operating a n aircraft safely within the parameters of its performance capabilities

and limitations.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Elements related to performance and limitations (takeoff and landing, 1.
crosswind, tailwind and headwind, dens ity altitude, glide performance, weight and balance, climb, cruise, descent, powerplant considerations) by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance. CA.I. F.K1

Factors affecting performance to include atmospheric conditions , pilot 2. technique, aircraft condition, and airport environment. CA.I. F.K2

Effects of loading on performance. 3. CA.I. F.K3
Effects of exceeding weight and balance limits. 4. CA.I. F.K4
Effects of weight and balance changes over the course of the flight. 5. CA.I. F.K5
Aerodynamics. 6. CA.I. F.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Given scenario, compute weight and balance, including practical 1. techniques to resolve out

- of

- limits calculations. CA.I. F.S1

Use aircraft manufacturer’s approved p erformance charts, tables, and data. 2. CA.I. F.S2
Evaluate takeoff and landing performance based on the values calculated. 3. CA.I. F.S3

Evaluate environmental conditions. 4. CA.I. F.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, asses s and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Performance charts. 1. CA.I. F.R1

Limitations. 2. CA.I. F.R2
Variations in flight performance resulting from weight and balance changes 3. during flight. CA.I. F.R3

Published aircraft performance data as it relates to ex pected performance. 4. CA.I. F.R4Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

7 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **G. Operation of Systems**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with the safe operation of systems on the airplane provided for the flight test.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Major components of the systems: 1. CA.I. G.K1
a. Primary flight controls and trim CA.I. G.K1a
b. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers CA.I. G.K1b
c. Powerplant and propeller (basic engine knowledge) CA.I. G.K1c
d. Landing gear CA.I. G.K1d
e. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic CA.I. G.K1e

f. Electrical CA.I. G.K1f
g. Avionics CA.I. G.K1g

h. Pitot

- static, vacuum/pressure an d associated flight instruments CA.I. G.K1h

i. Environmental CA.I. G.K1i
j. Deicing and anti

- icing CA.I. G.K1j
k. Water rudders (ASES, AMES) CA.I. G.K1k
Normal operation of systems. 2. CA.I. G.K2
Common mistakes made by pilots (operator error). 3. CA .I. G.K3
Abnormal operation of systems (recognition of system 4. failures/malfunctions). CA.I. G.K4

Systems interaction. 5. CA.I. G.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Explain operation of systems/operate systems. 1. CA.I. G.S1

Use checklis t procedures. 2. CA.I. G.S2
Use immediate action items during emergency operations, as applicable. 3. CA.I. G.S3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Handling a failure properly. 1. CA.I

. G.R1
Troubleshooting system failures/malfunctions. 2. CA.I. G.R2
Pilot error, including improperly operating the system that creates failure or 3. problem. CA.I. G.R3

Determining and/or declaring an emergency. 4. CA.I. G.R4
Identifying system failures and recognizing problems as they develop. 5. CA.I. G.R5
Outside/environmental factors affecting the systems, including improper 6. fueling, carburetor ice, extremely cold temperatures, vapor lock. CA.I. G.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 8

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **H. Human Factors**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FA A

- H

- 8083

- 25; AIM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with personal health, flight physiology and human factors, as it relates to safety of flight.

Knowledge The applicant demons trates understanding of:
The symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions 1.

associated with: CA.I. H.K1

a. hypoxia CA.I. H.K1a
b. hyperventilation CA.I. H.K1b
c. middle ear and sinus problems CA.I. H.K1c
d. spatial disorientatio n CA.I. H.K1d

e. motion sickness CA.I. H.K1e
f. carbon monoxide poisoning CA.I. H.K1f
g. stress and fatigue CA.I. H.K1g
h. dehydration and nutrition CA.I. H.K1h
i. hypothermia CA.I. H.K1i
The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over

- the

- counter med ications, and 2. associated regulations. CA.I. H.K2

The effects of dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream following scuba dives 3. upon a pilot or passenger in flight. CA.I. H.K3

Aeronautical decision

- making as affected by hazardous attitudes. 4. CA.I. H.K4

Vi sion (including optical illusion, environmental impacts, day/night, haze, 5. sloping runways). CA.I. H.K5

Collision avoidance, scanning, obstacle and wire strike avoidance). 6. CA.I. H.K6
Human factors: vestibular illusions, spatial disorientation, especiall y 7. involving distractions, and interaction with charts and avionics equipment. CA.I. H.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Perform self

- assessment including whether the pilot is fit for flight. 1. CA.I. H.S1

Show sound decision

- making an d judgment (based on reality of 2. circumstances). CA.I. H.S2

Perform Safety Risk Management (SRM) tasks: Aeronautical Decision 3. Making (ADM), risk management, automation management, task management, situational awareness, and avoidance of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT). CA.I. H.S3

Account for environmental impacts/visual cues at the airport, as well as at 4. one airport vs. a different airport. CA.I. H.S4

Establish personal limitations. 5. CA.I. H.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the abili ty to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Impact of environmental factors on medication’s physiological effects. 1. CA.I. H.R1
Personal risk factors and the conflict between being goal oriented and 2. adhering to personal limitations. CA.I. H .R2

Optical illusions, including awareness of, ability to anticipate, and limiting 3.

their effects. CA.I. H.R3

Circumstances of the flight (day/night, hot/cold) that affect the pilot’s 4. physiology. CA.I. H.R4

Inadvertent continued VFR flight into Instru ment Meteorological Conditions 5. (IMC). CA.I. H.R5

Hazardous attitudes. 6. CA.I. H.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

9 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **I. Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; AIM; USCG Navigation Rules, International

- Inland; POH/AFM;

A/FD

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with water and seaplane characteristics, seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to

ma rine navigation.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as: 1. CA.I. I.K1

a. size and location CA.I. I.K1a

b. protected and unprotected areas CA.I. I.K1b

c. surface w ind CA.I. I.K1c

d. direction and strength of water current CA.I. I.K1d

e. floating and partially submerged debris CA.I. I.K1e

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals CA.I. I.K1f

g. vessel traffic and wakes CA.I. I.K1g

h. other features peculiar to the area C A.I. I.K1h
Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane performance. 2. CA.I. I.K2 Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required to prevent 3.

or correct these occurrences. CA.I. I.K3

How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories. 4. CA.I. I.K4 Operating restrictions at various bases. 5. CA.I. I.K5
Right

- of

- way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation. 6. CA.I. I.K6
Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, and sound signa ls. 7. CA.I. I.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Assess the water surface characteristics for the proposed flight. 1. CA.I. I.S1
Locate and identify seaplane bases for the region. 2. CA.I. I.S2
Identify restrictions at local bases. 3. CA.I. I.S3
Perform correct right

- of

- way, steering, and sailing operations. 4. CA.I. I.S4
Identify marine navigation aids in the local region. 5. CA.I. I.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing :

Local conditions. 1. CA.I. I.R1
Impact of marine traffic. 2. CA.I. I.R2Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 10

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **J. Principles of Flight**

**– Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19, POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the appl icant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with the elements related to engine inoperative principles of flight.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

The “critical engine.” 1. CA.I. J.K1

The effects of density altitude on the V MC demonstration. 2. CA.I. J.K2 The effects of airplane weight and center of gravity (CG) on control. 3. CA.I. J.K3
Relationship of V MC to stall speed. 4. CA.I. J.K4

Reasons for loss of directional control. 5. CA.I. J.K5

Indications o f loss of directional control. 6. CA.I. J.K6
Importance of maintaining the proper pitch and bank attitude, and the 7. proper coordination of controls. CA.I. J.K7

Loss of directional control recovery procedure. 8. CA.I. J.K8
Engine failure during takeoff inclu ding planning, decisions, and single

9. engine operations. CA.I. J.K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Properly plan for engine failure during takeoff, climb, enroute, on approach 1. and immediately before landing. CA.I. J.S1

Risk Managemen t The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Single

- engine operations. 1. CA.I. J.R1Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

11 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR II. Preflight Procedures

Task **A. Preflight Assessment**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AF M

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with preparing for safe flight accounting for pilot, aircraft, environment, and external

factors.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates unde rstanding of:

Pilot self

- assessment. 1. CA.II. A.K1
The process to determine if the aircraft is appropriate for the mission by 2. considering load, range, equipment and aircraft capability. CA.II. A.K2

Aircraft preflight inspection including which items m ust be inspected, the 3. reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects, and the associated regulations. CA.II. A.K3

Environmental factors including weather and flight plan (terrain, route 4. selection, and obstructions). CA.II. A.K4

Exte rnal pressures. 5. CA.II. A.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Make proper use of the checklists, and systematically identify and manage 1. pilot

- related risks and personal minimums associated with the flight. CA.II. A.S1

Inspect the airp lane with reference to an appropriate checklist. 2. CA.II. A.S2
Verify the airplane is airworthy and in condition for safe flight. 3. CA.II. A.S3
Assess the factors related to the environment (weather, airports, terrain, 4. and airspace). CA.II. A.S4

Given th e requirements of the flight (load, distance, altitude, time 5. constraints) determine if the aircraft is capable of making the flight. CA.II. A.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Environmental factors. 1. CA.II. A.R1
External pressures. 2. CA.II. A.R2

Pilot

- related factors. 3. CA.II. A.R3

Aircraft

- related factors. 4. CA.II. A.R4
Aviation security concerns. 5. CA.II. A.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 12

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Cockpit Management**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 808 3

- 3; AC 91

- 21.1; POH/AFM.

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with safe cockpit management practices.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Pilot and passeng er restraint and safety system rules and operational 1.

considerations. CA.II. B.K1

Oxygen use regulations, system operational guidelines, and system 2. checks, if applicable. CA.II. B.K2

Passenger briefing requirements and appropriate information. 3. CA.II. B. K3 PIC responsibility to have available material for the flight as planned. 4. CA.II. B.K4
Purpose of a checklist. 5. CA.II. B.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Ensure all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured. 1. CA.II. B.S1
Organize, access, and determine suitability of material, equipment, and 2. technology in an efficient manner. CA.II. B.S2

Brief occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, 3. sterile cockpit, flight control freedom of movement, and emerge ncy procedures. CA.II. B.S3

Properly program the navigational equipment available to the pilot on that 4. particular aircraft. CA.II. B.S4

Brief and execute positive exchange of flight controls and PIC 5. responsibility. CA.II. B.S5

Identify who is PIC. 6. CA .II. B.S6

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Positive exchange of the flight controls. 1. CA.II. B.R1
Use of portable electronic devices. 2. CA.II. B.R2
Ensuring technology is an as set and not a distraction. 3. CA.II. B.R3
Recognizing when technology is not appropriate. 4. CA.II. B.R4
The impact of reported discrepancies. 5. CA.II. B.R5
Passenger behavior that could negatively affect safety. 6. CA.II. B.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

13 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Engine Starting**

Ref erence FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AC 91

- 13, AC 91

- 55; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with recommended engine starting procedures including proper air plane positioning.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Options for starting with a weak or depleted battery. 1. CA.II. C.K1
Starting under various atmospheric conditions. 2. CA.II. C.K2
Starting procedures for carbureted, fuel injected , diesel, 

### Full Authority 3. 

### Digital Engine Control (FADEC) , or turbine engines, as applicable. CA.II. C.K3

Equipment limitations (starter cycles). 4. CA.II. C.K4
Proper positioning of the airplane. 5. CA.II. C.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to : Position the airplane properly considering structures, other aircraft, and the 1. safety of nearby persons and property. CA.II. C.S1

Utilize the checklist as appropriate during engine start. 2. CA.II. C.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the a bility to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Propeller safety and awareness to include passenger briefing. 1. CA.II. C.R1
Hand propping safety. 2. CA.II. C.R2

Abnormal start. 3. CA.II. C.R3
Hot and cold weather operation. 4. CA.II. C.R4

Elec trical system failure following aircraft engine starts. 5. CA.II. C.R5
Engine fires related to over

- priming/cold weather starting. 6. CA.II. C.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 14

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25 (Appendix 1); POH/AFM; AC 91

- 73, AC

150/5340

- 18; A/FD

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with safe taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understandi ng of:

Positioning aircraft controls for wind. 1. CA.II. D.K1 Airport markings (including hold short lines), signs, and lights. 2. CA.II. D.K2
Aircraft lighting. 3. CA.II. D.K3

Towered and non

- towered airport operations. 4. CA.II. D.K4

Visual indicators for wind. 5. CA.II. D.K5 Airport information resources (A/FD, airport diagram). 6. CA.II. D.K6 Good cockpit discipline during taxi, including maintaining a sterile cockpit, 7. proper speed, separation between other aircraft and vehicles, and communication procedur es. CA.II. D.K7

Procedures for appropriate cockpit activities during taxiing including taxi 8. route planning, briefing the location of HOT SPOTS, communicating and coordinating with ATC. CA.II. D.K8

Rules for entering or crossing runways. 9. CA.II. D.K9

P rocedures unique to night operations. 10. CA.II. D.K10
Hazards of low visibility operations. 11. CA.II. D.K11
Proper engine management including leaning, per manufacturer’s 12.

recommendations. CA.II. D.K12

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Perf orm a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving. 1. CA.II. D.S1
Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions. 2. CA.II. D.S2
Control direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 3. CA.II. D.S3
Exhibit procedure s for steering, maneuvering, maintaining taxiway/runway 4. alignment, and situational awareness to avoid runway incursions. CA.II. D.S4

Exhibit proper positioning of the aircraft relative to hold lines. 5. CA.II. D.S5
Exhibit procedures to ensure clearances/ instructions are received, 6. recorded, and read back correctly. CA.II. D.S6

Exhibit situational awareness and taxi procedures in the event the aircraft is 7. on a taxiway that is between parallel runways. CA.II. D.S7

Use an airport diagram or taxi chart dur ing taxi. 8. CA.II. D.S8
Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances and 9.

instructions. CA.II. D.S9

Eliminate pilot distractions to avoid other aircraft or vehicles and hazards. 10. CA.II. D.S10

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Distractions during aircraft taxi. 1. CA.II. D.R1
Proper workload management. 2. CA.II. D.R2
Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions. 3. CA.II. D.R3

Taxi instructions/cl earances. 4. CA.II. D.R4
Resource management. 5. CA.II. D.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

15 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; POH/AFM; AC 91

- 73, AC 150/5340

- 18; A/FD

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satis factory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with safe taxiing and sailing operations, including runway incursion avoidance.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Positioning aircraft controls for wind, water and sailing pr ocedures, 1. including the use of flaps, doors, water rudder, and power so as to follow the desired course while sailing. CA.II. E.K1

Airport markings (including hold short lines), signs, and lights. 2. CA.II. E.K2
Aircraft lighting. 3. CA.II. E.K3

Towered an d non

- towered airport operations. 4. CA.II. E.K4

Visual indicators for wind. 5. CA.II. E.K5 Airport information resources (A/FD, airport diagram). 6. CA.II. E.K6 Good cockpit discipline during taxi and sailing, including maintaining a 7. sterile cockpit, proper speed, separation between other aircraft and vehicles, communication procedures. CA.II. E.K7

Procedures for appropriate cockpit activities during taxiing and sailing 8. including taxi route planning, briefing the location of HOT SPOTS, communicating and coo rdinating with ATC. CA.II. E.K8

Rules for entering or crossing runways. 9. CA.II. E.K9
Procedures unique to night operations. 10. CA.II. E.K10
Hazards of low visibility operations, other aircraft and vessels. 11. CA.II. E.K11
Proper engine management includin g leaning, per manufacturer’s 12.

recommendations. CA.II. E.K12

Requesting progressive taxi instructions if there is any doubt on 13. understanding or ability to comply with a taxi clearance. CA.II. E.K13

Proper technique for the conditions, including idle, plo w or step taxi, 14. preventing and correcting for porpoising and skipping. CA.II. E.K14

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving. 1. CA.II. E.S1
Position the flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudder, and power correctly 2. for the existing wind, water and sailing conditions and to prevent and correct for porpoising and skipping. CA.II. E.S2

Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique. 3. CA.II. E.S3
Exhibit procedures fo r steering, maneuvering, maintaining taxiway, runway 4. position, and situational awareness to avoid runway incursions. CA.II. E.S4

Plan and follows the most favorable course while taxiing or sailing, 5. considering wind, water current, water conditions, and m aritime regulations, as appropriate. CA.II. E.S5

Exhibit procedures to ensure clearances/instructions are received, 6. recorded, and read back correctly. CA.II. E.S6

Exhibit situational awareness and taxi procedures in the event the aircraft is 7.

on a taxiw ay that is between parallel runways. CA.II. E.S7

Uses an Airport Diagram during taxi. 8. CA.II. E.S8
Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances and 9.

instructions. CA.II. E.S9

Utilize procedures for eliminating pilot distractions to avo id other aircraft or 10.

vehicles and hazards. CA.II. E.S10

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 16

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES)**

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Distractions during aircraft taxi. 1. CA.II. E.R1
Proper workload management. 2. CA.II. E.R 2 Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions. 3. CA.II. E.R3 Recording taxi instructions/clearances. 4. CA.II. E.R4
Resource management. 5. CA.II. E.R5
Porpoising and skipping. 6. CA.II. E.R6
Avoiding other aircraft, vessels, and hazard s while on the water. 7. CA.II. E.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

17 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **F. Before Takeoff Check**

Reference FAAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with the before takeoff check, including the reasons for checking each item, detecting malfunctions, and ensuring the airplane is in safe operating condition as recommended by the

manufacturer.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Purpose of t he runup. 1. CA.II. F.K1
Aircraft performance given expected conditions. 2. CA.II. F.K2
Purpose of a checklist. 3. CA.II. F.K3

Wake turbulence avoidance. 4. CA.II. F.K4 Emergency locator transmitter (ELT). 5. CA.II. F.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the abili ty to:
Position the airplane properly considering other aircraft, vessels, and wind. 1. CA.II. F.S1
Divide attention between inside and outside the cockpit. 2. CA.II. F.S2
Ensure that powerplant and instrumentation are suitable for runup and 3.

takeoff. CA. II. F.S3

Accomplish the before takeoff checklist and departure briefing. 4. CA.II. F.S4
Review takeoff performance, such as airspeeds, takeoff distance, 5. departure, and emergency procedures. CA.II. F.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Division of attention and scanning. 1. CA.II. F.R1
Different than expected runway. 2. CA.II. F.R2
Positive exchange of flight controls. 3. CA.II. F.R3

Wake turbulence and vessel avoidance. 4. CA.II. F.R4
Automation management. 5. CA.II. F.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 18

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR III. Airport and Seaplane Base Operations

Task **A. Communications and Light Gun Signals**

Reference 14 CFR part 91; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AIM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory k nowledge, skills and risk management associated with normal and emergency radio communications and ATC light signals to conduct radio communications safely while operating the aircraft.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

How to obta in proper radio frequencies. 1. CA.III. A.K1 Standard communication procedures and ATC standard phraseology. 2. CA.III. A.K2
ATC light signal recognition. 3. CA.III. A.K3
Communication procedures. 4. CA.III. A.K4
Transponders. 5. CA.III. A.K5

Radar assistance. 6. CA.III. A.K6
Lost communication procedures. 7. CA.III. A.K7
Use of automated weather and airport information. 8. CA.III. A.K8

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Select appropriate frequencies. 1. CA.III. A.S1
Transmit using standard phraseo logy and procedures. 2. CA.III. A.S2
Acknowledge radio communications and comply with instructions. 3. CA.III. A.S3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Human factors associated with c ommunication. 1. CA.III. A.R1
Human factors associated with declaring an emergency. 2. CA.III. A.R2
Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication. 3. CA.III. A.R3
Automation management. 4. CA.III. A.R4 Single pilot and/or crew resource management. 5. C A.III.A.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

19 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Traffic Patterns**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AC 90

- 66; AIM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with safe operat ions in and around the airport traffic patterns.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Towered and non

- towered airport operations and runway selection. 1. CA.III. B.K1
Airport markings, lighting, wind indicators. 2. CA.III. B.K2

Collisio n avoidance. 3. CA.III. B.K3
Right

- of

- way rules. 4. CA.III. B.K4
Wake turbulence recognition and resolution. 5. CA.III. B.K5

Wind shear avoidance. 6. CA.III. B.K6
Runway incursion avoidance. 7. CA.III. B.K7
Use of automated weather and airport information. 8. CA. III. B.K8
Use of radio for proper communications. 9. CA.III. B.K9
Parachuting operations. 10. CA.III. B.K10
Approach and landing considerations for different types of aircraft. 11. CA.III. B.K11

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Properly ident ify and interpret airport/seaplane base runways, taxiways, 1. markings, and lighting. CA.III. B.S1

Comply with proper traffic pattern procedures. 2. CA.III. B.S2
Maintain proper spacing from other aircraft. 3. CA.III. B.S3

Correct for wind drift to maintain t he proper ground track. 4. CA.III. B.S4
Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use. 5. CA.III. B.S5
Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, 6.

±10 knots. CA.III. B.S6

Maintain an awareness of the position of o ther aircraft in the pattern. 7. CA.III. B.S7

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Collision avoidance. 1. CA.III. B.R1 Scanning. 2. CA.III. B.R2

Wake turbulence. 3. CA.III. B.R3

Situati onal awareness. 4. CA.III. B.R4
Aircraft separation. 5. CA.III. B.R5 Operating considerations of various aircraft types. 6. CA.III. B.R6

Go

- around or rejected takeoff, if appropriate. 7. CA.III. B.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 20

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go

- Arounds

Task **A. Normal Tak eoff and Climb** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a normal takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff pro cedures.

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Takeoff distance. 1. CA.IV. A.K1
Takeoff power. 2. CA. IV. A.K2
Atmospheric conditions. 3. CA.IV. A.K3

Minimum safe altitude. 4. CA.IV. A.K4
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 5. CA.IV. A.K5
Application of V X or V Y and variations with altitude

. 6. CA.IV. A.K6
Emergency procedures during takeoff and climb. 7. CA.IV. A.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Verify ATC clearance and no aircraft is on final before crossing the Hold 1.

Line. CA.IV. A.S1

Verify aircraft is on the assigned/correct runway. 2. CA.IV. A.S2

Ascertain wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators. 3. CA.IV. A.S3
Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is beyond 4.

aircraft manufacture limitations. CA.IV. A.S4

Position the flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 5. CA.IV. A.S5

Cle ar the area; taxi into the takeoff position and align the airplane on the 6. runway center/takeoff path. CA.IV. A.S6

Confirm takeoff power, and proper engine and flight instrument indications 7. prior to rotation. (ASEL, AMEL); Retracts the water rudders, as a ppropriate, confirm takeoff power, and proper engine instrument indications prior to rotation, establishes and maintains the most efficient planning/lift

- off attitude, and corrects for porpoising and skipping (ASES, AMES). CA.IV. A.S7

Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to V Y (or 8. other speeds as appropriate for transport aircraft). CA.IV. A.S8

Establish a pitch attitude that will maintain V Y ± 5 knots (or other speeds as 9. appropriate for transport aircraft). CA.IV. A.S9

Retra ct the landing gear and flaps in accordance with manufacturer’s 10. guidance or good operating practice. CA.IV. A.S10

Maintain takeoff power and V Y ± 5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude. 11. CA.IV. A.S11
Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift cor rection throughout the 12.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. A.S12

Comply with noise abatement and published departure procedures. 13. CA.IV. A.S13
Complete the appropriate checklist. 14. CA.IV. A.S14
Comply with manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures relating 15. to the takeoff sequence. CA.IV. A.S15

Task contin ued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

21 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **A. Normal Tak eoff and Climb** 

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability, and aircraft limitations 1. CA.IV. A.R1
Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or aircraft 2. capability. CA.IV. A.R2

Windshear. 3. CA.IV. A.R3

Tailwind. 4. CA.IV. A.R4

Wake turbulence. 5. CA.IV. A.R5 Go/no go decision making. 6. CA.IV. A.R6
Task management. 7. CA.IV. A.R7

Low

- altitude maneuver ing. 8. CA.IV. A.R8

Wire strikes. 9. CA.IV. A.R9
Situational awareness of obstacles on departure path. 10. CA.IV. A.R10
Recognition of need for rejected takeoff and predetermines takeoff abort 11. point. CA.IV. A.R11

Handling engine failure during takeoff and cl imb. 12. CA.IV. A.R12 Criticality of takeoff distance available. 13. CA.IV. A.R13
Plans for engine failure after takeoff. 14. CA.IV. A.R14
Sterile cockpit environment. 15. CA.IV. A.R15Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 22

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Normal Approach and Landing**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a normal approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.

NOTE: If a crosswin d condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Available landing distance. 1. CA.IV. B.K1
Stabilized approach. 2. CA.IV. B.K2

Ene rgy management. 3. CA.IV. B.K3
Atmospheric conditions. 4. CA.IV. B.K4
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 5. CA.IV. B.K5
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 6. CA.IV. B.K6
Land and hold short operations (LAHSO) or option to refuse LAHSO 7.

rest riction. CA.IV. B.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Ensure the aircraft is on the correct/assigned runway. 1. CA.IV. B.S1
Scan the landing runway/areas and adjoining areas for possible wildlife, 2.

vehicular or other aircraft to avoid coll ision. CA.IV. B.S2

Complete the appropriate checklist. 3. CA.IV. B.S3
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects a 4. suitable touchdown point prior to the 1000 foot distance markers (if available), or within the first 1/3 of th e runway length. CA.IV. B.S4

Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and 5. airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. B.S5

Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its 6.
absence, not more t han 1.3 V SO , with wind gust factor applied +10/

- 5 knots, or as recommended for the aircraft type and gust velocity

. CA.IV. B.S6

Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the round out 7. and touchdown (ASEL, AMEL); Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the round out and touchdown to contact the water at the proper pitch attitude (ASES, AMES). CA.IV. B.S7

Touch down smoothly at a speed that provides little or no aerodynamic lift. 8. CA.IV. B.S8

In Part 23 aircraft, t ou ch down within the available runway, within 2 00 feet 9. beyond a specified point with no drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline. CA.IV. B.S9

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control througho ut the 10. approach and landing sequence. CA.IV. B.S10

Execute a timely go

- around decision when the approach cannot be made 11. within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that that may result in an unsafe approach or landing. CA.IV. B.S11

Utilize after landing runway incursion avoidance procedures. 12. CA.IV. B.S12

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

23 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Normal Approach and Landing**

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability and aircraft li mitations

— 1. including possible necessity of selecting a runway at a different airport. CA.IV. B.R1

Determining whether crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. B.R2

Windshear. 3. CA.IV. B.R3

Tailwin d. 4. CA.IV. B.R4

Wake turbulence. 5. CA.IV. B.R5
Task management. 6. CA.IV. B.R6
Low altitude maneuvering. 7. CA.IV. B.R7

Wire strikes. 8. CA.IV. B.R8

Collision avoidance. 9. CA.IV. B.R9
Right

- of

- way. 10. CA.IV. B.R10
Situational awareness of obstacles on approac h and departure paths. 11. CA.IV. B.R11
Recognition of need for go

- around/rejected landing. 12. CA.IV. B.R12
Stall/spin awareness. 13. CA.IV. B.R13
Land and hold short operations. 14. CA.IV. B.R14
Sterile cockpit. 15. CA.IV. B.R15Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 24

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Soft**

**- Field Takeoff an**  **d Climb (ASEL)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a soft

- field takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures.

K nowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Importance of weight transfer from wheels to wings. 1. CA.IV. C.K1
Awareness of additional turning

- factor induced turning tendencies. 2. CA.IV. C.K2
Effects of aircraft configuration. 3. CA.IV. C.K3

Eff ects of runway surface. 4. CA.IV. C.K4

Takeoff distance. 5. CA.IV. C.K5
Takeoff power. 6. CA.IV. C.K6

Wind conditions and effects. 7. CA.IV. C.K7
Density altitude. 8. CA.IV. C.K8
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 9. CA.IV. C.K9
Application of V X or V Y

. 10. C A.IV. C.K10
Emergency procedures during takeoff and climb. 11. CA.IV. C.K11
Hazards of other than hard surfaced runway. 12. CA.IV. C.K12

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Verify ATC clearance and no aircraft is on final before crossing the H old 1.

Line. CA.IV. S.S1

Ensure the aircraft is properly configured. 2. CA.IV. C.S2
Ensure the aircraft is on the correct takeoff runway. 3. CA.IV. C.S3

Ascertain wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators. 4. CA.IV. C.S4

Calculate the cr osswind component and determine if it is above his or her 5. ability or that of the aircraft’s capability. CA.IV. C.S5

Position the flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 6. CA.IV. C.S6
Clear the area; taxi into the takeoff position and align the airplane on the 7. runway center without stopping while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power. CA.IV. C.S7

Confirm takeoff power, and proper engine and flight instrument indications 8. prior to rotation. CA.IV. C.S8

Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the 9. airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible. CA.IV. C.S9

Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed consistent with safety and remains in 10. ground effect while accelerating to V X or V Y , as approp riate. CA.IV. C.S10

Establish a pitch attitude for V X or V Y , as appropriate, and maintain selected 11. airspeed ± 5 knots during the climb. CA.IV. C.S11

Retract landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb has been 12.

verified or in accordance with ai rcraft manufacturer’s guidance. CA.IV. C.S12

Maintain takeoff power and V X or V Y ± 5 knots to a safe maneuvering 13.

altitude. CA.IV. C.S13

Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout the 14.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. C.S14

Comply with noise abatement and published departure procedures. 15. CA.IV. C.S15
Complete the appropriate checklist. 16. CA.IV. C.S16
Comply with manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures relating 17. to the takeoff sequence. CA.IV. C.S17

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

25 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Soft**

**- Field Takeoff an**  **d Climb (ASEL)**

Risk Management The app licant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability, and aircraft limitations. 1. CA.IV. C.R1
Determining whether crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. C.R2

Operating from other than hard

- surfaced runway. 3. CA.IV. C.R3

Windshear. 4. CA.IV. C.R4

Tailwind. 5. CA.IV. C.R5

Wake turbulence. 6. CA.IV. C.R6
Go/no go decision making. 7. CA.IV. C.R7
Task management. 8. CA.IV. C.R8

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 9. CA.IV. C.R9

Wire strikes. 10. CA.IV. C.R10

Minimum safe altitude for climb. 11. CA.IV. C.R11
Situational awareness of obstacles on departure path. 12. CA.IV. C.R12
Possible need for rejected takeoff and identification of takeof f abort point. 13. CA.IV. C.R13
Handling engine failure during takeoff and climb. 14. CA.IV. C.R14
Determining when a soft

- field takeoff technique is required. 15. CA.IV. C.R15

Takeoff distance available. 16. CA.IV. C.R16
Engine failure after takeoff. 17. CA.IV. C.R17
Sterile cockpit. 18. CA.IV. C.R18Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 26

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Soft**

**- Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a soft

- field approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Landing distance. 1. CA.IV. D.K1
Hazards of other than hard surfaced runway. 2. CA.IV. D.K2
Stabilized app roach. 3. CA.IV. D.K3
Energy management. 4. CA.IV. D.K4

Wind conditions and effects. 5. CA.IV. D.K5
Density altitude. 6. CA.IV. D.K6
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 7. CA.IV. D.K7
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 8. CA.IV. D.K8

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Ensure the aircraft is on the correct/assigned runway. 1. CA.IV. D.S1
Scan the landing runway and adjoining areas for possible wildlife, vehicular 2.

or other aircraft to avoid collision. CA.IV. D.S2

Complete the ap propriate checklist. 3. CA.IV. D.S3
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects a 4. suitable touchdown point. CA.IV. D.S4

Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and 5. airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. D.S5

Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its 6.
absence, not more than 1.3 V SO , with wind gust factor applied, ± 5knots

. CA.IV. D.S6

Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the round out 7. and touchdown and, for tricycle gear airplanes, keep the nose wheel off the

surface until loss of elevator effectiveness. CA.IV. D.S7

Touch down softly with minimum sink rate and no drift, with the airplane’s 8. longitudinal axis aligned in the runway c enter. CA.IV. D.S8

Maintain full up elevator during rollout and exit the “soft” area at a speed 9. that would preclude sinking into the surface. CA.IV. D.S9

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 10. approach and landing sequence. CA.IV. D.S10

Execute a timely go

- around decision when the approach cannot be made 11. within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that that may result in an unsafe approach or landing. CA.IV. D.S11

Maintain proper position of the fli ght controls and sufficient speed to taxi on 12.

the soft surface. CA.IV. D.S12

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

27 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Soft**

**- Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)** 

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability and aircraft li mitations

— 1. including possible necessity of selecting a runway at a different airport. CA.IV. D.R1

Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is beyond 2.

aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. D.R2

Operating from other than hard

- surface d runway. 3. CA.IV. D.R3
Losing elevator control, sinking into the soft surface, or striking the prop if 4. moving too slowly. CA.IV. D.R4

Windshear avoidance. 5. CA.IV. D.R5

Tailwind. 6. CA.IV. D.R6

Wake turbulence. 7. CA.IV. D.R7
Task management. 8. CA.IV. D.R8

Low

- altit ude maneuvering. 9. CA.IV. D.R9

Wire strikes. 10. CA.IV. D.R10

Collision avoidance. 11. CA.IV. D.R11
Right

- of

- way. 12. CA.IV. D.R12
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 13. CA.IV. D.R13
Recognition of need for go

- around/rejected landin g. 14. CA.IV. D.R14
Stall/spin awareness. 15. CA.IV. D.R15
Performing a soft

- field landing without the use of power in power failure 16.

situation. CA.IV. D.R16

Sterile cockpit. 17. CA.IV. D.R1 7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 28

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E. Short**

**- Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL,**  **AMEL)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a short

- field takeoff, maximum performance climb operations, and rejected takeoff p rocedures.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Effects of aircraft configuration. 1. CA.IV. E.K1
Effects of runway surface. 2. CA.IV. E.K2

Takeoff distance. 3. CA.IV. E.K3
Takeoff power. 4. CA.IV. E.K4

Obstruction clearance. 5. CA.IV. E.K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.IV. E.K6

Minimum safe altitude. 7. CA.IV. E.K7
Density altitude. 8. CA.IV. E.K8
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 9. CA.IV. E.K9
Application of V X or V Y

. 10. CA.IV. E.K10
Emergency procedures during takeoff and climb. 11. CA.IV. E.K11

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Verify proper aircraft configuration. 1. CA.IV. E.S1
Verify ATC clearance and ensure that no conflicting traffic before crossing 2.

the Hold Line. CA.IV. E.S2

Ensure the aircraft is on the cor rect takeoff runway. 3. CA.IV. E.S3

Ascertain wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators. 4. CA.IV. E.S4
Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is beyond 5.

aircraft manufacturer’s limitations. CA.IV. E.S5

Position t he flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 6. CA.IV. E.S6
Clear the area; taxi into takeoff position utilizing maximum available takeoff 7. area and align the airplane on the runway center line. CA.IV. E.S7

Apply brakes (if appropriate), while conf iguring aircraft power setting to 8. achieve maximum performance. CA.IV. E.S8

Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and proper engine and flight 9. instrument indications prior to rotation. CA.IV. E.S9

Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, a nd accelerate to the 10. recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or V X

. CA.IV. E.S10

Establish a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle 11. clearance airspeed, or V X , + 5 /

- 0 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 fee t above the surface. CA.IV. E.S11

After clearing the obstacle, establish the pitch attitude for V Y , accelerate to 12.

V Y , and maintain V Y , ± 5 knots, during the climb. CA.IV. E.S12

Retract landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb has been 13.

verif ied or in accordance with aircraft manufacturer’s guidance. CA.IV. E.S13

Maintain takeoff power and V X or V Y ± 5 knots to a safe maneuvering 14.

altitude. CA.IV. E.S14

Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout the 15.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. E.S15

Comply with noise abatement and published departure procedures. 16. CA.IV. E.S16
Complete the appropriate checklist. 17. CA.IV. E.S17
Comply with manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures relating 18. to the takeoff sequence. CA.IV. E.S 18

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

29 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E. Short**

**- Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL,**  **AMEL)**

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability, and aircraft limitations. 1. CA.IV. E.R1
Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilo t ability or is beyond 2.

aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. E.R2

Operating from other than hard

- surfaced runway. 3. CA.IV. E.R3

Obstruction clearance, climb attitude, and stall awareness. 4. CA.IV. E.R4

Windshear. 5. CA.IV. E.R5

Tailwind. 6. CA.IV. E.R6

Wake turbulence. 7. CA.IV. E.R7

Go/no

- go decision making. 8. CA.IV. E.R8
Task management. 9. CA.IV. E.R9

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 10. CA.IV. E.R10

Wire strikes. 11. CA.IV. E.R11

Minimum safe altitude for climb. 12. CA.IV. E.R12

Situational awareness of obstacles on departure and arrival paths. 13. CA.IV. E.R13
Recognition of need for rejected takeoff and identification of takeoff abort 14. point. CA.IV. E.R14

Strategies for handling engine failure during takeoff and climb, including 15. recognition that climb at V X (vs. V XSE ) may result in loss of directional control if an engine fails. CA.IV. E.R15

Criticality of takeoff distance available. 16. CA.IV. E.R16
Possibility of engine failure after takeoff. 17. CA.IV. E.R17
Sterile cockpit. 18. CA.IV. E.R18Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 30

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **F. Short**

**- Fiel**  **d Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a short

- field approach and landing with emphasis on pr oper use and coordination of flight controls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Landing distance. 1. CA.IV. F.K1

Hazards of other than hard

- surfaced runways. 2. CA.IV. F.K2

Obstruction clearance. 3. CA.IV. F.K3
Stabilized approach. 4. CA .IV. F.K4
Energy management. 5. CA.IV. F.K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.IV. F.K6
Density altitude. 7. CA.IV. F.K7
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 8. CA.IV. F.K8
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 9. CA.IV. F.K9

Land and hold short operations. 10. CA.IV. F.K10

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Ensure the aircraft is on the correct/assigned runway. 1. CA.IV. F.S1
Scan the landing runway and adjoining areas for possible wildlife, vehicular 2.

traffic or other aircraft to av oid collision. CA.IV. F.S2

Complete the appropriate checklist. 3. CA.IV. F.S3
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and select a 4. suitable touchdown point. CA.IV. F.S4

Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration an d 5. airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. F.S5

Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its 6.
absence, not more than 1.3 V SO , with wind gust factor applied, ± 5knots

. CA.IV. F.S6

Make smooth, timely, and cor rect control application during the round out 7.

and touchdown. CA.IV. F.S7

Touch down smoothly at manufacturer’s recommended airspeed. 8. CA.IV. F.S8
Touch down within the available runway, at or within 1 00 feet beyond a the 9. approach end of the runway, thre shold markings or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center line. CA.IV. F.S9

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 10. approach and lan ding sequence. CA.IV. F.S10

Execute a timely go

- around decision when the approach cannot be made 11. within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that that may result in an unsafe approach or landing. CA.IV. F.S11

Apply brakes as neces sary, to stop in the shortest distance consistent with 12. safety. CA.IV. F.S12

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

31 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **F. Short**

**- Fiel**  **d Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)**

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of runway based on wind, pilot capability and aircraft li mitations

— 1. including possible necessity of selecting a runway at a different airport. CA.IV. F.R1

Determining whether crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacture limitations. CA.IV. F.R2

Other than hard surfaced runway. 3. CA.IV. F.R3

Obstruction clearance. 4. CA.IV. F.R4

Windshear. 5. CA.IV. F.R5

Tailwind. 6. CA.IV. F.R6

Wake turbulence. 7. CA.IV. F.R7
Task management. 8. CA.IV. F.R8

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 9. CA.IV. F.R9

Wire strikes. 10. CA.IV. F.R10

Collision avoidance. 11. CA.I V. F.R11
Right

- of

- way. 12. CA.IV. F.R12
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 13. CA.IV. F.R13
Recognition of need for go

- around/rejected landing. 14. CA.IV. F.R14
Stall/spin awareness. 15. CA.IV. F.R15
Land and hold short operations

. 16. CA.IV. F.R16
Sterile cockpit. 17. CA.IV. F.R17Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 32

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory kno wledge, skills and risk management associated with a confined area takeoff, maximum performance climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Effects of aircraft configuration. 1. CA.IV. G.K1

E ffects of water surface. 2. CA.IV. G.K2

Takeoff distance. 3. CA.IV. G.K3
Takeoff power. 4. CA.IV. G.K4

Obstruction clearance. 5. CA.IV. G.K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.IV. G.K6

Minimum safe altitude. 7. CA.IV. G.K7
Density altitude. 8. CA.IV. G.K8

Headwind , tailwind, crosswind component. 9. CA.IV. G.K9
Application of 150

- or V Y

. 10. CA.IV. G.K10
Emergency procedures during takeoff and climb. 11. CA.IV. G.K11

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Verify proper aircraft configuration. 1. CA.IV. G.S1

V erify ATC clearance and ensure that no aircraft is on final before crossing 2.

the Hold Line. CA.IV. G.S2

Ensure the aircraft is on the correct takeoff center path. 3. CA.IV. G.S3

Ascertain wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators. 4. C A.IV. G.S4
Determine if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is beyond aircraft 5.

manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. G.S5

Position the flight controls for the existing wind conditions. 6. CA.IV. G.S6
Clear the area and select an appropriate takeoff p ath for the existing 7. conditions; taxi into takeoff position utilizing maximum available takeoff area and align the airplane on the takeoff path. CA.IV. G.S7

Configure aircraft power to achieve maximum performance and confirm 8. takeoff power and proper engi ne and flight instrument indications prior to

rotation. CA.IV. G.S8

Establish and maintain the most efficient planning/lift

- off attitude and correct 9. for porpoising and skipping. CA.IV. G.S9

Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerate to the 10. recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or V X

. CA.IV. G.S10

Establish a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle 11. clearance airspeed, or V X , + 5 /

- 0 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the su rface. CA.IV. G.S11

After clearing the obstacle, establish the pitch attitude for V Y , accelerate to 12.

V Y , and maintain V Y , +10/

- 5 knots, during the climb. CA.IV. G.S12

Retract flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in 13.

accordance with a ircraft manufacturer’s guidance. CA.IV. G.S13

Maintain takeoff power and V X or V Y ± 5 knots to a safe maneuvering 14.

altitude. CA.IV. G.S14

Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout the 15.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. G.S15

Compl y with noise abatement and published departure procedures. 16. CA.IV. G.S16
Complete the appropriate checklist. 17. CA.IV. G.S17
Comply with manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures relating 18. to the takeoff sequence. CA.IV. G.S18

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

33 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **G. Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES)**

Risk Management The app licant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of appropriate takeoff path based on wind, pilot capability, and 1.

aircraft limitations. CA.IV. G.R1

Determining if crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is beyond 2.

aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. G.R2

Water conditions. 3. CA.IV. G.R3

Obstruction clearance. 4. CA.IV. G.R4

Obstruction clearance, climb attitude, and stall awareness. 5. CA.IV. G.R5

Windshear. 6. CA.IV. G.R6

Tailwind. 7. CA.IV. G.R7

W ake turbulence. 8. CA.IV. G.R8

Go/no

- go decision making. 9. CA.IV. G.R9
Task management. 10. CA.IV. G.R10

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 11. CA.IV. G.R11

Wire strikes. 12. CA.IV. G.R12

Minimum safe altitude for climb. 13. CA.IV. G.R13

Situational awareness of obstacles o n departure and arrival paths. 14. CA.IV. G.R14
Recognition of need for rejected takeoff and predetermines takeoff abort 15. point. CA.IV. G.R15

Handling engine failure during takeoff and climb. 16. CA.IV. G.R16
Criticality of takeoff distance available. 17. CA.IV. G.R17
Plans for engine failure after takeoff. 18. CA.IV. G.R18
Sterile cockpit. 19. CA.IV. G.R19
Confirming of gear retraction in amphibious aircraft. 20. CA.IV. G.R20Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 34

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a confined area approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.

Kno wledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Landing distance. 1. CA.IV. H.K1

Hazards of a confined area. 2. CA.IV. H.K2

Obstruction clearance. 3. CA.IV. H.K3
Stabilized approach. 4. CA.IV. H.K4
Energy management. 5. CA.IV. H.K5

Wind conditions and ef fects. 6. CA.IV. H.K6
Density altitude. 7. CA.IV. H.K7
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 8. CA.IV. H.K8
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 9. CA.IV. H.K9
Land and hold short operations. 10. CA.IV. H.K10

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Ensure the aircraft is on the correct/assigned runway and adequately 1. survey the intended landing area. CA.IV. H.S1

Scan the landing area and adjoining areas for possible wildlife, vehicular or 2.

other aircraft to avoid collision. CA.IV. H.S2

Complete the appropriate checklist. 3. CA.IV. H.S3
Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and select the 4. proper landing path. CA.IV. H.S4

Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and 5. airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. H.S5

Maintain a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its 6.
absence, not more than 1.3 V SO , with wind gust factor applied, ± 5knots

. CA.IV. H.S6

Make smooth, timely, and correct control application duri ng the round out 7.

and touchdown. CA.IV. H.S7

Contact the water at the minimum safe airspeed with the proper pitch 8.

attitude for the surface conditions. CA.IV. H.S8

Touch down within the available water landing area, at or within 1 00 feet 9. beyond a specifi ed point, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the landing center area. CA.IV. H.S9

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 10. approach and landing sequence. CA.IV. H .S10

Execute a timely go

- around decision when the approach cannot be made 11. within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that that may result in an unsafe approach or landing. CA.IV. H.S11

Apply elevator control as necessary, to stop in the shortest distance 12. consistent with safety. CA.IV. H.S12

Task continued on next page.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

35 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **H. Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)**

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of landing area based on wind, pilot capability and aircraft 1.

limitatio ns

— considering possibility of selecting an area at a different

location. CA.IV. H.R1

Determining whether crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacture limitations CA.IV. H.R2

Water conditions. 3. CA.IV. H.R3

Obstruction cle arance, climb attitude, and stall awareness. 4. CA.IV. H.R4

Windshear. 5. CA.IV. H.R5

Tailwind. 6. CA.IV. H.R6

Wake turbulence. 7. CA.IV. H.R7
Task management. 8. CA.IV. H.R8

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 9. CA.IV. H.R9

Wire strikes. 10. CA.IV. H.R10

Collision avoidan ce. 11. CA.IV. H.R11
Right

- of

- way. 12. CA.IV. H.R12
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 13. CA.IV. H.R13
Recognition of need for go

- around/rejected landing. 14. CA.IV. D.R14
Stall/spin awareness. 15. CA.IV. H.R15

Land and hold short o perations. 16. CA.IV. H.R16
Sterile cockpit. 17. CA.IV. H.R17Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 36

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **I. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk ma nagement associated with a glassy water takeoff and climb.

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating

the Task.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Water effects on operations. 1. C A.IV. I.K1
Effects of glassy water on acceleration and lift

- off. 2. CA.IV. I.K2
When and why to use the glassy water takeoff and climb technique. 3. CA.IV. I.K3

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Position the flight controls and flaps for t he existing conditions. 1. CA.IV. I.S1
Clear the area; select an appropriate takeoff path considering surface 2.

hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions. CA.IV. I.S2

Retract the water rudders as appropriate; advance the throttle smoothly to 3. takeoff pow er. CA.IV. I.S3

Establish and maintain an appropriate planning attitude, directional control, 4. and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag. CA.IV. I.S4

Utilize appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water considering 5.

surfa ce conditions. CA.IV. I.S5

Establish proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerate to V Y ± 5 knots during the 6.

climb. CA.IV. I.S6

Retract flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in 7. accordance with aircraft manufacturer’s guidance. CA.IV. I.S 7

Maintain takeoff power V Y ± 5 to a safe maneuvering altitude. 8. CA.IV. I.S8
Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout 9.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. I.S9

Complete the appropriate checklist. 10. CA.IV. I.S10

Risk Management The a pplicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of appropriate takeoff path based on wind, pilot capability, and 1.

aircraft limitations. CA.IV. I.R1

Determining whether crosswind component exceeds pilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. I.R2

Water conditions. 3. CA.IV. I.R3

Obstruction clearance. 4. CA.IV. I.R4

Obstruction clearance climb attitude and stall awareness. 5. CA.IV. I.R5

Windshear. 6. CA.IV. I.R6

Tailwind. 7. CA.IV. I.R 7

Wake turbulence. 8. CA.IV. I.R8

Go/no

- go decision making. 9. CA.IV. I.R9
Task management. 10. CA.IV. I.R10

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 11. CA.IV. I.R11

Wire strikes. 12. CA.IV. I.R12

Minimum safe altitude for climb. 13. CA.IV. I.R13

Situational awareness of obstac les on departure and arrival paths. 14. CA.IV. I.R14
Recognition of need for rejected takeoff and predetermines takeoff abort 15. point. CA.IV. I.R15

Strategies for handling engine failure during takeoff and climb. 16. CA.IV. I.R16 Criticality of takeoff distanc e available. 17. CA.IV. I.R17
Plans for engine failure after takeoff. 18. CA.IV. I.R18
Sterile cockpit. 19. CA.IV. I.R19 Confirmation of gear retraction in amphibious aircraft. 20. CA.IV. I.R20Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

37 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **J. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FA A

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a glassy water approach and landing.

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant s hall be evaluated by simulating

the Task.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

When and why glassy water techniques are used. 1. CA.IV. J.K1
How a glassy water approach and landing is executed. 2. CA.IV. J.K2
Landing distance. 3. CA.IV. J. K3
Stabilized approach. 4. CA.IV. J.K4
Energy management. 5. CA.IV. J.K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.IV. J.K 6
Density altitude. 7. CA.IV. J.K 7
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 8. CA.IV. J.K8
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 9. CA .IV. J.K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Adequately survey the intended landing area. 1. CA.IV. J.S1
Consider the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, 2.

and other watercraft. CA.IV. J.S2

Select the most suitable approach path and touchdown area. 3. CA.IV. J.S3
Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and 4. airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. J.S4

Maintain a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, 5.

± 5 knots and maintain a touchdown pitch attitude and descent rate from the

last altitude reference until touchdown. CA.IV. J.S5

Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to 6. maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchd own. CA.IV. J.S6

Contact the water in the proper pitch attitude, and slow to idle taxi speed. 7. CA.IV. J.S7
Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 8. approach and landing sequence. CA.IV. J.S8

Complete the appropriate checkli st. 9. CA.IV. J.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Performing a go

- around/rejected landing. 1. CA.IV. J.R1
Importance of landing in direction of momentum, with wheels pointed 2.

forw ard on touchdown. CA.IV. J.R2

Stall/spin awareness. 3. CA.IV. J.R3

Windshear. 4. CA.IV. J.R4

Tailwind. 5. CA.IV. J.R5

Wake turbulence. 6. CA.IV. J.R6
Task management. 7. CA.IV. J.R7

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 8. CA.IV. J.R8

Wire strikes. 9. CA.IV. J.R9

Collision avoidance. 10. CA.IV. J.R10
Right

- of

- way. 11. CA.IV. J.R11
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 12. CA.IV. J.R12
Sterile cockpit. 13. CA.IV. J.R13Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 38

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **K. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a rough water takeoff and climb.

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be evaluated by simulating

the Task.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Water effects on operations. 1. CA.IV. K.K1
Effects of rough water on acceleration and lift

- off. 2. CA.IV. K.K2
When and why to use the rough water takeoff and climb technique. 3. CA.IV. K.K3

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Position the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions. 1. CA.IV. K.S1
Clear the area; select an appropriate takeoff path considering surface 2.

hazards and/or vessels and surface con ditions. CA.IV. K.S2

Retract the water rudders as appropriate; advance the throttle smoothly to 3. takeoff power. CA.IV. K.S3

Establish and maintain an appropriate planning attitude, directional control, 4. and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag. CA.IV. K.S4

Lift off at minimum airspeed and accelerate to V Y , ± 5 knots before leaving 5. ground effect. CA.IV. K.S5

Retract flaps after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in 6. accordance with aircraft manufacturer’s guidance. CA. IV. K.S6

Maintain takeoff power V Y ± 5 to a safe maneuvering altitude. 7. CA.IV. K.S7
Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout 8.

takeoff and climb. CA.IV. K.S8

Complete the appropriate checklist. 9. CA.IV. K.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Selection of appropriate takeoff path based on wind, pilot capability, and 1.

aircraft limitations. CA.IV. K.R1

Determining whether crosswind component exceeds p ilot ability or is 2. beyond aircraft manufacturer limitations. CA.IV. K.R2

Water conditions. 3. CA.IV. K.R3

Obstruction clearance. 4. CA.IV. K.R4

Obstruction clearance climb attitude and stall awareness. 5. CA.IV. K.R5

Windshear. 6. CA.IV. K.R6

Tailwind. 7. CA.I V. K.R7

Wake turbulence. 8. CA.IV. K.R8

Go/no

- go decision making. 9. CA.IV. K.R9
Task management. 10. CA.IV. K.R10

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 11. CA.IV. K.R11

Wire strikes. 12. CA.IV. K.R12

Minimum safe altitude for climb. 13. CA.IV. K.R13

Situational awareness of o bstacles on departure and arrival paths. 14. CA.IV. K.R14
Recognition of need for rejected takeoff and identification of takeoff abort 15. point. CA.IV. K.R15

Handling engine failure during takeoff and climb. 16. CA.IV. K.R16
Criticality of takeoff distance avai lable. 17. CA.IV. K.R17
Possibility of engine failure after takeoff. 18. CA.IV. K.R18
Sterile cockpit. 19. CA.IV. K.R19 Confirmation of gear retraction in amphibious aircraft. 20. CA.IV. K.R20Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

39 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **L. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a rough water approach and landing.

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shal l be evaluated by simulating

the Task.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

When and why rough water techniques are used. 1. CA.IV. L.K1
How a rough water approach and landing is executed. 2. CA.IV. L.K2
Landing distance. 3. CA.IV. L.K3
Stabilized approach. 4. CA.IV. L.K4
Energy management. 5. CA.IV. L.K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.IV. L.K6
Density altitude. 7. CA.IV. L.K7
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 8. CA.IV. L.K8
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 9. CA.IV. L .K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Adequately survey the intended landing area. 1. CA.IV. L.S1
Consider the wind conditions, water depth, hazards, surrounding terrain, 2.

and other watercraft. CA.IV. L.S2

Select the most suitable appro ach path and touchdown area. 3. CA.IV. L.S3
Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and 4. airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required. CA.IV. L.S4

Maintain a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, 5.

or in its absence not more than 1.3 Vso ± 5 knots with wind gust factor applied. CA.IV. L.S5

Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to 6. maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown. CA.IV. L.S6

Contact the water in t he proper pitch attitude, considering the type of rough 7.

water. CA.IV. L.S7

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 8. approach and landing sequence. CA.IV. L.S8

Complete the appropriate checklist. 9. CA.IV. L.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Performing a go

- around/rejected landing. 1. CA.IV. L.R1
Importance of landing in direction of momentum, with wheels pointed 2.

forward on touchdown. CA.IV. L.R2

S tall/spin awareness. 3. CA.IV. L.R3

Windshear. 4. CA.IV. L.R4

Tailwind. 5. CA.IV. L.R5

Wake turbulence. 6. CA.IV. L.R6
Task management. 7. CA.IV. L.R7

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 8. CA.IV. L.R8

Wire strikes. 9. CA.IV. L.R9

Collision avoidance. 10. CA.IV. L.R10
Right

- of

- way. 11. CA.IV. L.R11
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 12. CA.IV. L.R12
Sterile cockpit. 13. CA.IV. L.R13Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 40

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **M. Power**

**- Off 180**  **° Accuracy Approach and Landing**  **(ASEL, ASES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2

, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

NO TE: This maneuver ma y be combined with Steep Spiral at the evaluator’s discretion.

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a power

- off 180deg accuracy approach and landing

.

Kn owledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Power

- off approach. 1. CA.IV.M.K1
Energy management. 2. CA.IV.M.K2 Available landing distance (ALD). 3. CA.IV.M.K3
Hazards of other than hard surfaced runway. 4. CA.IV.M.K4

Wind con ditions and effects. 5. CA.IV.M.K 5 Density altitude. 6. CA.IV.M.K6
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 7. CA.IV.M.K7
Emergency procedures. 8. CA.IV.M.K8

Communications. 9. CA.IV.M.K9

ATC clearance deviations. 10. CA.IV.M.K10

Selecti ng a landing location and an appropriate touchdown point. 11. CA.IV.M.K1 1 Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT) and/or other emergency 12. locating devices. CA.IV.M.K1 2

Transponder. 13. CA.IV.M.K1 3

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:

An alyze the situation and select an appropriate course of action. 1. CA.IV.M.S1
Plan and follow a flight pattern to the selected landing area 2. considering aircraft performance capabilities, altitude, wind, terrain,

and obstructions. CA.IV.M.S2

Position air plane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway, and not 3. more than 1,000 feet Above Ground Level (AGL). CA.IV.M.S3

Completes final airplane configuration accounting for glide speed and 4. distance to the intended touchdown point. CA.IV.M.S4

To uch down in a normal landing attitude,

- 0/+200 feet from the 5. specified touchdown point. CA.IV.M.S5

Follow the appropriate checklist. 6. CA.IV.M.S6

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompa ssing:

Wind effects. 1. CA.IV.M.R1 Exceeding airframe and/or airspeed limitations. 2. CA.IV.M.R2
Inadvertent stall/spin. 3. CA.IV.M.R3
Visual scanning and collision avoidance. 4. CA.IV.M.R4 Selecting a landing area. 5. CA.IV.M.R5
Task management. 6. CA.IV.M.R6

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 7. CA.IV.M.R7

Obstacle clearance. 8. CA.IV.M.R8

Wire strike avoidance. 9. CA.IV.M.R9

Situational awareness. 10. CA.IV.M.R1 0Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

41 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **N. Go**

**- Around/Rejected Landing** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 80 83

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a go

- around/rejected landing with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go

- around.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Available l anding distance (ALD)

. 1. CA.IV. N.K1
Stabilized approach. 2. CA.IV. N.K2
Energy management. 3. CA.IV. N.K3

Wind conditions and effects. 4. CA.IV. N.K4

Headwind, tailwind, cros swind component. 5. CA.IV. N.KI5
Emergency procedures during approach and landing. 6. CA.IV. N.K6
Communication procedures. 7. CA.IV. N.K7

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing. 1. CA.I V. N.S1
Apply takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch attitude for 2.

V X or V Y as appropriate + 5 knots and/or appropriate pitch attitude. CA.IV. N.S2

Configure aircraft power settings to achieve maximum performance. 3. CA.IV. N.S3

Retract th e landing gear in accordance with manufacturer’s guidance. 4. CA.IV. N.S4
Maneuver to the side of the runway/landing area when necessary to clear 5. and avoid conflicting traffic. CA.IV. N.S5

Maintain takeoff power V Y + 5 to a safe maneuvering altitude. 6. CA.IV. N .S6
Maintain directional control and proper wind

- drift correction throughout the 7.

climb. CA.IV. N.S7

Complete the appropriate checklist. 8. CA.IV. N.S 8

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks,

encompass ing:
Timeliness for making and executing decision. 1. CA.IV. N.R1
Task management. 2. CA.IV. N.R2
Low altitude maneuvering. 3. CA.IV. N.R3 Slow flight. 4. CA.IV. N.R4

Wire strikes. 5. CA.IV. N.R5

Collision avoidance. 6. CA.IV. N.R6
Right

- of

- way. 7. CA.IV. N.R7
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 8. CA.IV. N.R8
Spin awareness. 9. CA.IV. N.R9

Elevator trim stalls. 10. CA.IV. N.R10
Pilot changing mind regarding the go

- around decision. 11. CA.IV. N.R11
Sterile cockpit. 12. CA.IV. N.R12Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 42

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR V. Performance Maneuvers

Task **A. Steep Turns**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with steep turns.

Knowledge The applicant demonstr ates understanding of:

Coordinated flight. 1. CA.V. A.K1
Attitude control at various airspeeds. 2. CA.V. A.K2
Maneuvering speed, including changes in weight. 3. CA.V. A.K3 Controlling rate and radius of turn. 4. CA.V. A.K4

Accelerated stalls. 5. CA.V. A.K5

O verbanking tendencies. 6. CA.V. A.K6

Use of trim in a turn. 7. CA.V. A.K7
Aerodynamics associated with steep turns. 8. CA.V. A.K8
Aerobatic requirements and limitations. 9. CA.V. A.K9

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Establish the manufactur er’s recommended airspeed or if one is not stated, 1. a safe airspeed not to exceed V A

. CA.V. A.S1

Rolls into a coordinated 360° steep turn with at least a 50 ° bank, followed 2. immediately by a 360° steep turn in the opposite direction. CA.V. A.S2

Perform t he task in the opposite direction, as specified by the evaluator. 3. CA.V. A.S3
Maintain the entry altitude, ±100 feet, airspeed, ±10 knots, bank, and ±5°; 4. and roll out on the entry heading, ±10°. CA.V. A.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the a bility to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Dividing attention between airplane control and orientation. 1. CA.V. A.R1
Task management. 2. CA.V. A.R2
Energy management. 3. CA.V. A.R3
Stall/spin awareness. 4. CA.V. A.R4

Situational awareness

. 5. CA.V. A.R5
Rate and radius of turn with confined area operations. 6. CA.V. A.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

43 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B . Steep**  **Spiral (ASEL, ASES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

NOTE: T his maneuver may be combined with the Power

- Off 180 Accuracy Approach and

Land ing task.

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with steep spirals

.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Fire in flight. 1. CA.V. A.K1
Smoke in cockpit. 2. CA.V. A.K2
Energy management. 3. CA.V. A.K3
Maintaining a constant radius about a point. 4. CA.V. A.K4

Wind conditions and effects. 5. CA.V. A.K5
Emergency procedures. 6. CA.V. A.K6

Communications. 7. CA.V. A.K7

ATC clearance deviations. 8. CA.V. A.K8

Skills The appl icant demonstrates the ability to:

Analyze the situation and select an appropriate course of action. 1. CA.V. A.S1
Establish and maintain a steep spiral, not to exceed 60° angle of bank, to 2. maintain a constant radius about a suitable ground reference poi nt. CA.V. A.S2

Select an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at least three 3.

360° turns. CA.V. A.S3

Apply wind

- drift correction to track a constant radius circle around selected 4. reference point with bank not to exceed 60° at steepest po int in turn. CA.V. A.S4

Divide attention between airplane control and ground track, while 5. maintaining coordinated flight. CA.V.B.S5

Maintain the specified airspeed, ±10 knots, rolls out toward object or 6. specified heading, ±10°. CA.V.B.S6

Risk Manage ment The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Wind effects. 1. CA.V. A.R1 Exceeding airframe and/or airspeed limitations. 2. CA.V. A.R2
Inadvertent stall/spin. 3. CA.V. A.R3
Visual scanning and collision avoidance. 4. CA.V. A.R4
Task management. 5. CA.V. A.R5

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 6. CA.V. A.R6

Obstacle clearance. 7. CA.V.A.R 7

Wire strike avoidance. 8. CA.V.A.R 8

Situational awareness. 9. CA.V.A.R 9Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 44

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C**

**. Chandelles**  **(ASEL, ASES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3 ; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with chandelles.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Purpose and practical applications of cha ndelle maneuver. 1. CA.V. C.K1

Positioning of flaps and gear for maximum performance climb. 2. CA.V.C.K2
Importance of aircraft coordination. 3. C A.V.C.K3
Phases of chandelle maneuver from entry to recovery. 4. C A.V.C.K4
Aircraft maneuvering speed, wing loa ding, and changes in weight. 5. C A.V.C.K5

Accelerated stalls. 6. C A.V.C.K6 Overbanking tendencies. 7. C A.V.C.K7
Proper pitch control required for continually decreasing airspeed. 8. C A.V.C.K8

Use of trim. 9. C A.V.C.K9
Aerodynamics associated with chandelles

. 10. C A.V.C.K10

Effects of non

- standard conditions on aircraft performance. 11. C A.V.C.K11 Considerations of performing chandelles to both the left and the right. 12. CA.V.C.K 1 2

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:

Select an altitude that will allow the maneuver to be performed no 1. lower than 1,500 feet AGL. C.V.C.S1

Establish the appropriate entry configuration, power, and airspeed. 2. C.V.C.S2
Establish the angle of bank at approximately 30°. 3. C.V.C.S3 Simultaneously apply power and pitch to maintain a smooth, 4. coordinated climbing turn, in either direction, to the 90° point, with a constant bank and continually decreasing airspeed. C.V.C.S4

Begin a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to the 180° 5. point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude. C.V.C.S5

Complete rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall airspeed, 6. and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a stall. C.V.C.S6

Resume straight

- and

- level flight with minimum loss of altitude. 7. C.V.C. S7

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Dividing attention between airplane control and orientation. 1. CA.V.C.R1
Task management. 2. CA.V.C.R2
Energy management. 3. CA.V.C.R3

Sta ll/spin awareness. 4. CA.V.C.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.V.C.R5
Rate and radius of turn with confined area operations. 6. CA.V.C.R6

CFIT avoidance. 7. CA.V.C.R7
Visual scanning and collision avoidance. 8. CA.V.C.R8Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

45 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D**

**. Lazy Eights**  **(ASEL, ASES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with lazy eights.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Aircraft coordination. 1. CA.V .D.K1
Performance and limitation airspeeds. 2. CA.V.D.K2 Smooth, deliberate control applications. 3. CA.V.D.K3

Accelerated stalls. 4. CA.V.D.K4
Effects of pitch and roll control on airspeed. 5. CA.V.D.K5
Aerodynamics associated with lazy eights. 6. CA.V.D. K6 Phases of the lazy eight maneuver from entry to recovery. 7. CA.V.D.K7

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:
Select an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no lower than 1. 1,500 feet AGL. CA.V.D.S1

Establish the recommend ed entry configuration, power, and airspeed. 2. CA.V.D.S 2 Maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver. 3. CA.V.D.S 3 Achieve the following throughout the maneuver

— 4. CA.V.D.S 4
a. approximately 30° bank at the steepest point. CA.V.D.S4 a

b. const ant change of pitch and roll rate and airspeed. CA.V.D.S4 b c. altitude tolerance at 180° point, ±100 feet from entry altitude. CA.V.D.S4 c d. airspeed tolerance at the 180° point, plus ±10 knots from entry airspeed. CA.V.D.S4 d

e. heading tolerance a t the 180° point, ±10°. CA.V.D.S 4e Continue the maneuver through the number of symmetrical loops 5. specified and resume straight

- and

- level flight. CA.V.D.S 5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate
risks, encompassing:
Dividing attention between airplane control and orientation. 1. CA.V.C.R1
Task management. 2. CA.V.C.R2
Energy management. 3. CA.V.C.R3
Stall/spin awareness. 4. CA.V.C.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.V.C.R5

CFIT avoidance. 6. CA.V.C.R6

Vis ual scanning and collision avoidance. 7. CA.V.C.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 46

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E**

**. Eights on Pylons**  **(ASEL, ASES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with eights on pylons.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

1. Function of pivotal altitude and factors that affect it. CA.V.E.K1

2. Ai rcraft coordination. CA.V.E.K2

3. Effect of wind on ground track. CA.V.E.K3

4. Proper control inputs for conducti ng the maneuver. CA.V.E.K4

5. Phases of eights on pylons from entry to recovery. CA.V.E.K5

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:

1. Determine the approximate pivotal altitude. CA.V.E.S1

2. Select suitable pylons that will permit straigh t

- and

- level flight between
the pylons. CA.V.E.S2

3. Enter the maneuver at the appropriate altitude and airspeed and at a
bank angle of approximately 30° to 40° at the steepest point. CA.V.E.S3

4. Apply the necessary corrections so that the line

- of

- sight reference line
remains on the pylon. CA.V.E.S4

5. Divide attention between accurate coordinated airplane control and

outside visual references. CA.V.E.S5

6. Hold pylon using appropriate pivotal altitude avoiding slips and skids. CA.V.E.S6

Risk

Man agement The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

1. Dividing attention between airplane control and orientation. CA.V.E.R1

2. Task management. CA.V.E.R2

3. Situational awareness. CA.V.E.R3

4. CFIT avoida nce. CA.V.E.R4

5. Visual scanning and collision avoidance. CA.V.E.R5

6. Emergency landing considerations. CA.V.E.R6

7. Low

- altitude maneuvering. CA.V.E.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

47 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR VI. Navigation

Task **A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning**

Reference 14 CFR part 61; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; Navigation Charts

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with pilotage and dead reckoning.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Navigation process selection. 1. CA.VI. A.K1
Determining heading, speed, and course. 2. CA.VI. A.K2
Estimating time, speed, and distance. 3. CA.VI. A.K3
True airspeed and density altitude. 4. CA.VI. A.K4
Wind correction angle. 5. CA.VI. A.K5
Checkpoint selection. 6. CA.VI. A.K6

Pla nned vs. actual flight plan calculations and required corrections. 7. CA.VI. A.K7
Topography. 8. CA.VI. A.K8
Plotting a course. 9. CA.VI. A.K9
Magnetic compass errors. 10. CA.VI. A.K10

Route selection. 11. CA.VI. A.K11

Altitude selection. 12. CA.VI. A.K12

Power set ting selection. 13. CA.VI. A.K13

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Prepare a document or electronic equivalent to be used in flight for 1. comparisons with planned fuel usages and times over waypoints while dead reckoning. CA.VI. A.S1

Follow the preplanned course by reference to landmarks. 2. CA.VI. A.S2
Identify landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols. 3. CA.VI. A.S3
Navigate by means of pre

- computed headings, groundspeeds, and elapsed 4.

time. CA.VI. A.S4

Demonstrate use of mag netic direction indicator in navigation, to include 5. turns to headings. CA.VI. A.S5

Correct for and record the differences between preflight groundspeed, fuel 6. consumption, and heading calculations and those determined en route. CA.VI. A.S6

Verify the ai rplane’s position within 2 nautical miles of the flight

- planned 7.

route. CA.VI. A.S7

Arrive at the en route checkpoints within 3 minutes of the initial or revised 8. ETA and provide a destination estimate. CA.VI. A.S8

Maintain the selected altitude, ± 1 00 fe et and headings, ±1 0 °. 9. CA.VI. A.S9
Determine compass heading based on wind, magnetic variation, and 10.

deviation. CA.VI. A.S10

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

CFIT risk avoidan ce plan. 1. CA.VI. A.R1
Avoiding/recovering from misidentification of landmarks. 2. CA.VI. A.R2
Bracketing strategy. 3. CA.VI. A.R3 Selecting an alternate. 4. CA.VI. A.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.VI. A.R5
Task management. 6. CA.VI. A.R6
Actual vs. planned fu el consumption. 7. CA.VI. A.R7
Exit strategies. 8. CA.VI. A.R8 Preflight pilot/operation risk assessment and planning. 9. CA.VI. A.R9
Determining the impact of corrected groundspeed, time enroute and fuel 10. consumption on the overall safety of flight to destina tion. CA.VI. A.R10Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 48

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 6, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; Navigation Equipment Manual;

AIM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills a nd risk management associated with navigation systems and radar services.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Ground

- based navigation (orientation, course determination, equipment, 1. tests and regulations). CA.VI. B.K1

Global Positio ning System (GPS) or Global Navigation Satellite System 2. (GNSS) (equipment, regulations, databases authorized use, Receiver

Autono mous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM ). CA.VI. B.K2

Radar assistance to VFR aircraft (operations, equipment, available 3.
services, t raffic advisories). CA.VI. B.K3

Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S). 4. CA.VI. B.K4

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Demonstrate the ability to use installed electronic navigation system. 1. CA.VI. B.S1
Locate the airplane’s position using the navigation system. 2. CA.VI. B.S2
Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing, as appropriate. 3. CA.VI. B.S3
Recognize and describe the indication of station passage, if appropriate. 4. CA.VI. B.S4
Recognize signal loss and take appropriate a ction. 5. CA.VI. B.S5
Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services. 6. CA.VI. B.S6
Maintain the appropriate altitude, ± 1 00 feet and headings ±1 0 °. 7. CA.VI. B.S7

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess an d mitigate risks, encompassing:
Automation management. 1. CA.VI. B.R1
Task management. 2. CA.VI. B.R2

Situational awareness. 3. CA.VI. B.R3
Limitations of the navigation system in use. 4. CA.VI. B.R4

Avoidance of automation distractions. 5. CA.VI. B.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

49 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Ta sk **C. Diversion**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AIM; Navigation Charts

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with diversion.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understa nding of:

Selecting divert destination. 1. CA.VI. C.K1
Deviating from ATC instructions and/or the flight plan. 2. CA.VI. C.K2

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Select an appropriate diversion airport and route. 1. CA.VI. C.S1

Make an accu rate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel 2. consumption to the divert airport. CA.VI. C.S2

Maintain the appropriate altitude, ± 1 00 feet and heading, ±1 0 °. 3. CA.VI. C.S3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Selection of appropriate airport. 1. CA.VI. C.R1
Timely decision to divert. 2. CA.VI. C.R2
Improving situation by diversion. 3. CA.VI. C.R3
Maintaining airmanship during diversion. 4. CA.VI. C.R4

Collision avoidance

. 5. CA.VI. C.R5

CFIT avoidance. 6. CA.VI. C.R6
Task management. 7. CA.VI. C.R7

Situational awareness. 8. CA.VI. C.R8
Crew resource management (CRM), utilizing all available resources 9. (automation, ATC, cockpit planning aids). CA.VI. C.R9Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 50

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Lost Pro cedures** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AIM; Navigation Charts

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with lost procedures and taking appropriate steps to achieve a satisfac tory outcome if

lost.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Understands value of recording time at waypoints. 1. CA.VI. D.K1
Assistance available if lost (radar services, communication procedures). 2. CA.VI. D.K2
Responsibility and autho rity of PIC. 3. CA.VI. D.K3

Deviation from ATC instructions. 4. PA .V I.D.K4
Declaring an emergency. 5. CA.VI. D.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Select an appropriate course of action. 1. CA.VI. D.S1
Maintain an appropriate heading and c limbs, if necessary. 2. CA.VI. D.S2
Identify prominent landmarks. 3. CA.VI. D.S3
Use navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility for 4. assistance, as appropriate. CA.VI. D.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify , assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Recording times over waypoints. 1. CA.VI. D.R1
Task management. 2. CA.VI. D.R2

Situational awareness. 3. CA.VI. D.R3

CFIT avoidance. 4. CA.VI. D.R4

Collision avoidance. 5. CA.VI. D.R5
Recognizing a deteriorating sit uation and seeking assistance. 6. CA.VI. D.R6
Declaring an emergency. 7. CA.VI. D.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

51 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR VII. Slow Flight and Stalls

NOTE: In accordance with FAA policy, all stalls for the Commercial rating will be taken to the “onset” (buffeting)

stall condition.

Task **A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with maneuvering during slow flight.

Knowledge The applicant de monstrates understanding of:

Maneuver relative to a real

- life portion of a flight. 1. CA.VII. A.K1 Relationship between angle of attack (AOA), airspeed, load factor, aircraft 2. configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII. A.K2

Importanc e of reliance on aircraft performance indications (aircraft buffet) 3. instead of artificial warning systems (stall horn). CA.VII. A.K3

The difference between angle of attack and aircraft attitude during all flight 4.

conditions and how it relates to aircraft performance. CA.VII. A.K4

How environmental elements affect aircraft performance. 5. CA.VII. A.K5
Importance of the 1,500 foot AGL (SEL) or 3,000 foot AGL (MEL) minimum 6.

altitude. CA.VII. A.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Select an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower 1. than 1,500 feet AGL (ASEL, ASES) **OR** 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES). CA.VII. A.S1

Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of 2.
attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in an

immediate stall. CA.VII. A.S2

Accomplish coordinated straight

- and

- level flight, turns, climbs, and 3. descents with landing gear and flap configurations specified by the

evaluator. CA.VII. A.S3

Divide attention be tween airplane control, traffic avoidance and orientation. 4. CA.VII. A.S4

Mai ntain the specified altitude, ±5 0 feet; speci fied heading, ±10°; airspeed, 5.

+5 /

- 0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ± 5 °. CA.VII. A.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, aircraft 1. configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII. A.R1

Reliance on aircraft performance indications, such as aircraft buffet instead 2. of artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. CA.VII. A.R2

The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. 3. CA.VII. A.R3Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 52

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Power**

**- Off Stalls** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; AC 61

- 67; PO H/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with power

- off stalls.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Importance of the 1,500 (SEL) or 3,000 (MEL) foot AGL minimum altitude. 1. CA.VII. B.K1
Relating the maneuver to a real

- life portion of a flight. 2. CA.VII. B.K2
Components of a stabilized descent. 3. CA.VII. B.K3
Approach to stall indications. 4. CA.VII. B.K4

Full stall indications. 5. CA.VII. B.K5
Determining wh ich aircraft inputs are required to meet heading or bank 6. angle requirements. CA.VII. B.K6

Determining the most efficient stall recovery procedure. 7. CA.VII. B.K7
Importance of establishing the correct aircraft configuration during the 8.

recovery process an d the consequences of failing to do so. CA.VII. B.K8

Aerodynamics associated with stalls and spins in various aircraft 9. configurations and attitudes. CA.VII. B.K9

Circumstances that can lead to an inadvertent stall or spin. 10. CA.VII. B.K10

Skills NOTE: When published, the aircraft manufacturer’s procedures for the specific make/mode/series aircraft take precedent over the identification and recovery procedures described in skill elements 5 and 6 below

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Sel ect an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower 1. than 1,500 feet AGL (ASEL, ASES) **OR** 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES). CA.VII. B.S1

Establish a stabilized descent in the approach or landing configuration, as 2. specified by the evaluator. CA.VII. B.S2

Transition smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch attitude 3.

that will induce a stall. CA.VII. B.S3

Maintain a specified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight; maintain a specified 4. angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ± 5 °; if i n turning flight, while inducing the

stall. CA.VII. B.S4

Recognize and recover promptly at the “onset” (buffeting) stall condition

. 5. CA.VII. B.S5

NOTE: Evaluation criteria for a recovery from an approach to stall should not

mandate a predetermined valu e for altitude loss and should not mandate
maintaining altitude during recovery. Proper evaluation criteria should consider
the multitude of external and internal variables which affect the recovery

altitude.

Retract the flaps to the recommended setting ; retract the landing gear, if 6. retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established. CA.VII. B.S6

Execute stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the POH. 7. CA.VII. B.S7

Accelerates to V X or V Y speed before the final flap retracti on; returns to the 8. altitude, heading and airspeed specified by the examiner. CA.VII. B.S8

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of att ack, airspeed, load 1. factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII. B.R1

Reliance on aircraft performance indications such as aircraft buffet instead 2. of artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. CA.VII. B.R2

The e ffect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. 3. CA.VII. B.R3
Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences 4. of failing to implement these actions. CA.VII. B.R4Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

53 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Power**

**- On Stalls** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 80 83

- 3; AC 61

- 67; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with power

- on stalls.

NOTE: In some high performance airplanes, the power setting may have to be reduced below
the pr actical test standards guideline power setting to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes (greater than 30° nose up).

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Importance of the 1,500 (SEL) or 3,000 (MEL) foot AGL minimum altitude. 1. CA.VII

. C.K1
Relating the maneuver to a real

- life portion of a flight. 2. CA.VII. C.K2
Rationale for power setting variances. 3. CA.VII. C.K3
Approach to stall indications. 4. CA.VII. C.K4

Full stall indications. 5. CA.VII. C.K5
Determining which aircraft inputs ar e required to meet heading or bank 6. angle requirements. CA.VII. C.K6

Determining the most efficient stall recovery procedure. 7. CA.VII. C.K7
Importance of establishing the correct aircraft configuration during the 8. recovery process and the consequences of failing to do so. CA.VII. C.K8

Aerodynamics associated with stalls and spins in various aircraft 9. configurations and attitudes. CA.VII. C.K9

Circumstances that can lead to an inadvertent stall or spin. 10. CA.VII. C.K10

Circumstances that can lead to an a ccelerated stall. 11. CA.VII. C.K11

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Select an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower 1. than 1,500 feet AGL (ASEL, ASES) **OR** 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES). CA.VII. C.S1

Establish the ta keoff, departure, or cruise configuration as specified by the 2.

evaluator. CA.VII. C.S2

Set power (as assigned by evaluator) to no less than 65 percent available 3.

power. CA.VII. C.S3

Transition smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch 4.

attitude that will induce a stall. CA.VII. C.S4

Maintain a specified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight; maintain a specified 5. angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10°, if in turning flight, while inducing the

stall. CA.VII. C.S5

NOTE: Evaluation criteri a for a recovery from an approach to stall should not mandate a predetermined value for altitude loss and should not mandate maintaining altitude during recovery. Proper evaluation criteria should consider

the multitude of external and internal variables w hich affect the recovery

altitude.

Recognize and recover promptly at the “onset” (buffeting) stall condition

. 6. CA.VII. C.S6
Retract the flaps to the recommended setting; retract the landing gear if 7. retractable, after a positive rate of climb is establi shed. CA.VII. C.S7

Accelerate to V X or V Y speed before the final flap retraction; return to the 8. altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator. CA.VII. C.S8

Task continued on next page

.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 54

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Power**

**- On Stalls** 

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and miti gate risks, encompassing:
Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load 1. factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII. C.R1

Reliance on aircraft performance indications such as aircraft buffe t instead 2. of artificial warning systems such as a stall horn. CA.VII. C.R2

The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. 3. CA.VII. C.R3
Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences 4. of failing to implement these a ctions. CA.VII. C.R4

Avoiding accelerated stalls. 5. CA.VII. C.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

55 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Accelerated Stalls (ASEL)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; AC 61

- 67; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

related to accelerated (power on or power off) stalls.

NOTE: In accordance with FAA policy, Accelerated Stalls for the Commercial certificate will be taken to the “onset” of the stall warning horn or other imminent stall indication.

Knowledge The applicant demon strates understanding of:

Relating the maneuver to a realistic flight scenario. 1. CA.VII .D.K1
Approach to stall indications. 2. CA.VII .D.K2

Full stall indications. 3. CA.VII .D.K3 Aircraft inputs required to maintain heading or bank angle. 4. CA.VII .D.K4 Efficient stall recovery procedure so that a minimum loss of altitude 5.

occurs. CA.VII .D.K5

Importance of establishing the correct aircraft configuration during the 6. recovery process and the consequences of failing to do so, as applicable. CA.VII .D.K6

Aerodynamics associated with stalls and spins in various aircraft 7. configurations and attitudes. CA.VII .D.K7

Circumstances that can lead to an inadvertent stall or spin. 8. CA.VII .D.K8 Importance of the 5,000 foot AGL minimum altitude. 9. CA.VII .D.K9

Ski lls The applica nt demonstrates the ability to: Select an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no 1. lower than 5,000 feet AGL. CA.VII.D.S1

Establish and maintain a coordinated turn in a 30

- degree bank. 2. Reduce speed by steadily and pro gressively tightening the turn with the elevator until the airplane is stalled. The rate of speed should be constant at approximately 3

- 5 knots per second with steadily increasing normal acceleration. CA.VII.D.S 2

The entry speed for the accelerated stal l maneuver should not exceed 3. the maneuvering speed (V A ), flap extension speed (V FE ), landing gear extended speed (V LE ), whichever is lower in the takeoff, approach and landing configuration. CA.VII.D.S 3

Recognize and recover promptly at the onset of the accelerated stall. 4. CA.VII.D.S 4 Returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the 5.

evaluator. CA.VII.D.S 5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Dynamic aerodynamic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, 1. load factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII.D.R1

Reliance on aircraft performance indications such as aircraft buffet 2. instead of artificial warning systems such as stall horn. CA.VII.D.R2

Environmental element effects on aircraft performance. 3. CA.VII.D.R3
Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the 4. consequences of failing to do so. CA.VII.D.R4

Scenarios during which an accelerated stall can occ ur. 5. CA.VII.D.R5 Inadvertent stall/spin entry. 6. CA.VII.D.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 56

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E . Spin Awareness** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; AC 61

- 67; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

assoc iated with spins, flight situations where unintentional spins may occur and procedures for recovery from unintentional spins.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Aerodynamics associated with stalls and spins in various aircraft 1.

confi gurations and attitudes. CA.VII. D.K1

Circumstances that can lead to an inadvertent stall or spin. 2. CA.VII. D.K2
Different spin types, causes, recovery strategies. 3. CA.VII. D.K3

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Assess and avoid situa tions where unintentional spins may occur. 1. CA.VII. D.S1
Explain procedures for recovery from unintentional spins. 2. CA.VII. D.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Dynamic aerody namic relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load 1. factor, aircraft configuration, aircraft weight, and aircraft attitude. CA.VII. D.R1

Reliance on aircraft performance indications such as aircraft buffet instead 2. of artificial warning systems suc h as stall horn. CA.VII. D.R2

The effect of environmental elements on aircraft performance. 3. CA.VII. D.R3
Required actions for aircraft maximum performance and the consequences 4. of failing to implement these actions. CA.VII. D.R4

Uncoordinated flight. 5. CA.VII. D.R5
Hazards associated with the improper application of flight control inputs 6. during the spin recovery. CA.VII. D.R6Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

57 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR VII I

. Emergency Operations

NOTE (AMEL, AMES): Examiners shall select an entry alti tude that will allow the single

- engine dem onstrations task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet AGL or the manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher. At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet AGL, engine failure shall be simulated by reducing throttle to idle and then establishing zero thrust.

Task **A. Power Failure at Altitude (Simulated)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with a power failure at altitude and as sociated emergency approach and landing procedures.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Glide speed, distance. 1. CA.VIII.A .K1 Available landing distance (ALD). 2. CA.VIII.A .K2 Hazards of other than hard surfaced runway. 3. CA.VIII.A .K 3 Stabilized approach. 4. CA.VIII.A .K4
Energy management. 5. CA.VIII.A .K5

Wind conditions and effects. 6. CA.VIII.A .K6
Density altitude. 7. CA.VIII.A .K7
Headwind, tailwind, crosswind component. 8. CA.VIII.A .K8
Emergency procedures. 9. CA.VIII.A .K9

Commun ications. 10. CA.VIII.A.K1 0 Regulations pertaining to emergencies safe altitudes. 11. CA.VIII.A.K1 1 Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance deviations. 12. CA.VIII.A.K1 2

Minimum fuel. 13. CA.VIII.A.K1 3 Selecting a landing location. 14. CA.VIII.A.K1 4

ELTs and/or oth er emergency locating devices. 15. CA.VIII.A.K1 5

Radar assistance to VFR aircraft. 16. CA.VIII.A.K1 6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Analyze the situation and select an appropriate course of action. 1. CA.VIII.A.S1

Establish and maintain the recommended best

- glide airspeed, ±10 2.

knots. CA.VIII.A.S2

Plan and follow a flight pattern to the selected landing area 3. considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. CA.VIII.A.S3

Prepare for landing, or go

- around, as specified by the eval uator. 4. CA.VIII.A.S4

F ollow the appropriate checklist. 5. CA.VIII.A.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Wind. 1. CA.VIII.A.R1 Selecting a suitable landing area. 2. CA.VIII.A.R2
Planning and following a flight pattern to the selected landing area 3. considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. CA.VIII.A.R3

Task management. 4. CA.VIII.A.R4

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 5. CA.VIII.A.R5

Obstacle and wire strike avoidance. 6. CA. VIII.A.R6

Collision avoidance. 7. CA.VIII.A.R7
Right

- of

- way. 8. CA.VIII.A.R8

Situational awareness. 9. CA.VIII.A.R9
Stall/spin awareness. 10. CA.VIII.A.R1 0 Difference between best glide speed (L/D) and minimum sink speed, 11. and when each one is appropriate. CA.VIII.A.R1 1Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 58

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B . Emergency Descent** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with an emergency descent.

Knowledge The appl icant demonstrates understanding of:

Glide speed, distance. 1. CA.VIII.B. K1
Stabilized approach. 2. CA.VIII.B. K2
Energy management. 3. CA.VIII.B. K3

Wind conditions and effects. 4. CA.VIII.B. K4
Situations, such as depressurization, cockpit smoke and/or f ire that require 5. an emergency descent. CA.VIII.B. K5

Emergency procedures. 6. CA.VIII.B. K6

Communications. 7. CA.VIII.B. K7
Regulations pertaining to emergencies safe altitudes. 8. CA.VIII.B. K8

ATC clearance deviations. 9. CA.VIII.B. K9

ELTs and/or other e mergency locating devices. 10. CA.VIII.B. K10

Radar assistance to VFR aircraft. 11. CA.VIII.B. K11
Transponder. 12. CA.VIII.B. K12

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Analyze the situation and select an appropriate course of action. 1. CA.VIII.B. S1
Establish and maintain the appropriate airspeed and configuration for the 2. emergency descent. CA.VIII.B. S2

Exhibit orientation, division of attention and proper planning. 3. CA.VIII.B. S3
Maintain positive load factors during the descent. 4. CA.VIII.B. S4
Maintain appropriate airspeed +0/

- 10 knots, and level off at specified 5. altitude, +/

- 100 feet. CA.VIII.B. S5

Follow the appropriate checklist. 6. CA.VIII.B. S6

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Wind. 1. CA.VIII.B. R1 Selecting a suitable landing area. 2. CA.VIII.B. R2
Planning and following a flight pattern to the selected landing area 3. considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. CA.VIII.B. R3

Task management. 4. CA.VIII .B. R4

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 5. CA.VIII.B. R5

Obstacle and wire strike avoidance. 6. CA.VIII.B. R6

Collision avoidance. 7. CA.VIII.B. R7
Right

- of

- way. 8. CA.VIII.B. R8

Situational awareness. 9. CA.VIII.B. R9
Stall/spin awareness. 10. CA.VIII.B. R10

Differenc e between best glide speed (L/D) and minimum sink speed, and 11. when each one is appropriate. CA.VIII.B. R11Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

59 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. System s**  **and Equipment Malfunction s** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits sa tisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for the practical test and analyzing the situation and take appropriate action for simulated emergencies.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Elements related to system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the 1. airplane, including the following

— CA.VIII. C.K1

a. partial or complete power loss. CA.VIII. C.K1a

b. engine roughness or overheat. CA .VIII. C.K1b

c. carburetor or induction icing. CA.VIII. C.K1c

d. loss of oil pressure. CA.VIII. C.K1d

e. fuel starvation. CA.VIII. C.K1e

f. electrical malfunction. CA.VIII. C.K1f

g. vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments malfunction. CA.VI II. C.K1g

h. pitot/static system malfunction. CA.VIII. C.K1h

i. landing gear or flap malfunction. CA.VIII. C.K1i
j. inoperative trim. CA.VIII. C.K1j

k. inadvertent door or window opening. CA.VIII. C.K1k

l. structural icing CA.VIII. C.K1l

m. smoke/fir e/engine compartment fire. CA.VIII. C.K1m

n. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane. CA.VIII. C.K1n
Supplemental oxygen. 2. CA.VIII. C.K2

Load factors. 3. CA.VIII. C.K3
High drag versus low drag. 4. CA.VIII. C.K4

Skills The applicant demonstrates th e ability to:

Analyze the situation and take appropriate action for simulated 1. emergencies appropriate to the airplane provided for at least three of the system and equipment malfunctions listed in the knowledge elements. CA.VIII. C.S1

Completes approp riate checklist or procedure. 2. CA.VIII. C.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Avoiding hazardous attitudes. 1. CA.VIII. C.R1
Preflight inspections. 2. CA.VIII. C.R2

Maintenance. 3. CA.VIII. C.R3
Checklist usage. 4. CA.VIII. C.R4
Recognizing situations, such as depressurization (if applicable), cockpit 5. smoke, and/or fire that require an emergency descent. CA.VIII. C.R5

Orientation, division of attention, and proper planning. 6. CA.VII I. C.R6
Energy management. 7. CA.VIII. C.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 60

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated w ith emergency equipment, personal, and survival gear appropriate to the airplane and environment encountered during flight and identifying appropriate equipment that should be onboard the airplane.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Emergency equipment. 1. CA.VIII. D.K1
Climate extremes (hot/cold). 2. CA.VIII. D.K2

Mountainous terrain. 3. CA.VIII. D.K3
Overwater operations. 4. CA.VIII. D.K4 Gear to meet basic physical needs until rescue. 5. CA.VIII. D.K5
ELT operation, limitations and tes ting requirements. 6. CA.VIII. D.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Identify appropriate equipment that should be onboard the airplane. 1. CA.VIII. D.S1
Identify appropriate personal gear to meet physical needs until rescue. 2. CA.VIII. D.S2
Brief the proper use of the fire extinguisher, if installed. 3. CA.VIII. D.S3

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Meeting basic needs (water, clothing, shelter) for 48 to 72 hours until 1.

search and rescue is made. CA.VIII. D.R1

Survival techniques, to include being located by search and rescue. 2. CA.VIII. D.R2Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

61 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **E. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before V MC**  **(Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with an engine failure during takeoff before V MC

.

NOTE: Engine failure (simulated) shall be accomplished before reaching 50 percent of the

calculated V MC

.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

V MC

. 1. CA.VIII. E.K1
Runway distances. 2. CA.VIII. E.K2

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Close the throttles smoothly and promptly when simulated en gine failure 1.

occurs. CA.VIII. E.S1

Maintain directional control and apply brakes, as necessary. 2. CA.VIII. E.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Emergency planning and communic ations. 1. CA.VIII. E.R1
Task management. 2. CA.VIII. E.R2

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 3. CA.VIII. E.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.VIII. E.R4

Collision avoidance. 5. CA.VIII. E.R5
Right

- of

- way. 6. CA.VIII. E.R6
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 7. CA.VIII. E.R7
Stall/Spin Awareness. 8. CA.VIII. E.R8Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 62

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **F. Engine Failure After Lift**

**- Off (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits sati sfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with an engine failure after lift

- off.

NOTE: Simulated engine failure of the most critical engine shall be demonstrated after lift

- off. However, the failure of an engine shall not be simulated until attaining at least V SSE /V XSE /V YSE and

at an altitude not lower than 400 feet AGL.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

V MC

. 1. CA.VIII. F.K1
Runway distances. 2. CA.VIII. F.K2
Drag reduction. 3. CA.VIII. F.K3
How to identify the inopera tive engine. 4. CA.VIII. F.K4
Aircraft configuration for best performance during single

- engine operations. 5. CA.VIII. F.K5
Feathering and zero

- thrust procedures. 6. CA.VIII. F.K6

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Recognize a simulated engin e failure promptly, maintain control and utilize 1. appropriate emergency procedures. CA.VIII. F.S1

Reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative engine after simulated 2. engine failure. CA.VIII. F.S2

Simulate feathering the propeller on the inoperative engine. Evaluator shall 3.

then establish a zero

- thrust on the inoperative engine. CA.VIII. F.S3

Establish V YSE ; if obstructions are present, establish V XSE or V MC +5 knots, 4. whichever is greater, until obstructions are cleared. Then transition to V YSE

. CA. VIII. F.S4

Bank toward the operating engine as required for best performance. 5. CA.VIII. F.S5
Monitor operating engine and make adjustments as necessary. 6. CA.VIII. F.S6
Recognize the airplane’s performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible 7.

at V YSE , maintain V YSE and return to the departure airport for landing, or initiate an approach to the most suitable landing area available. CA.VIII. F.S7

Simulate securing the inoperative engine. 8. CA.VIII. F.S8
Maintain heading + /

- 10 degrees, and airspeed ±5 knots. 9. CA.VIII. F.S9
Complete appropriate emergency checklist. 10. CA.VIII. F.S10

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Emergency planning and communications. 1. CA.VIII. F.R1

Task man agement. 2. CA.VIII. F.R2
Low altitude maneuvering. 3. CA.VIII. F.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.VIII. F.R4

Collision avoidance. 5. CA.VIII. F.R5
Right

- of

- way. 6. CA.VIII. F.R6
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 7. CA.VIII. F.R7
Stall/spin Awareness. 8. CA.VIII. F.R8Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

63 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **G. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowl edge, skills and risk management associated with an approach and landing with an engine inoperative, including engine failure on final approach.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

V MC

. 1. CA.VIII. G.K1
Runway distances. 2. CA.VIII. G.K2
Drag reduction. 3. CA.VIII. G.K3
How to identify the inoperative engine. 4. CA.VIII. G.K4
Aircraft configuration for best performance during single

- engine operations. 5. CA.VIII. G.K5
Feathering and zero

- thrust procedures. 6. CA.VIII. G.K6

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:

Recognize engine failure and take appropriate action, maintain control, and 1. utilize manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures. CA.VIII. G.S1

Bank toward the operating engine, as required, for best performance. 2. CA .VIII. G.S2
Monitor the operating engine and make adjustments as necessary. 3. CA.VIII. G.S3
Maintain the manufacturer’s recommended approach airspeed +10/

- 5, and 4. landing configuration with a stabilized approach, until landing is assured. CA.VIII. G.S4

M ake smooth, timely, and correct control applications, during round out and 5.

touchdown. CA.VIII. G.S5

Touch down on the first one

- third of available runway, with no drift and the 6. airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center path. C A.VIII. G.S6

Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 7. approach and landing sequence. CA.VIII. G.S7

Complete appropriate checklists. 8. CA.VIII. G.S8

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Accounting for wind. 1. CA.VIII. G.R1
Selecting a suitable landing area. 2. CA.VIII. G.R2
Planning and following a flight pattern to the selected landing area 3. considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions. CA.VIII. G .R3

Task management. 4. CA.VIII. G.R4

Low

- altitude maneuvering. 5. CA.VIII. G.R5

Wire strike avoidance. 6. CA.VIII. G.R6

Collision avoidance. 7. CA.VIII. G.R7
Right

- of

- way. 8. CA.VIII. G.R8
Situational awareness of obstacles on approach and departure paths. 9. CA.VIII. G.R9
Stall/spin Awareness. 10. CA.VIII. G.R10Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 64

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR I X. High Altitude Operations

Task **A. Supplemental Oxygen**

Reference 14 CFR part 91; FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AC 61

- 107; AIM; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk man agement for flight at higher altitudes where supplemental oxygen is required or recommended.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Regulatory requirements for supplemental oxygen use for flight crew 1. and passengers. CA.IX. A.K1

Physiol ogical impairment and symptoms of hypoxia. 2. CA.IX. A.K2 Time of useful consciousness (TUC) times without supplemental 3.

oxygen. CA.IX. A.K3

Operational characteristics, limitations, and applicability of continuous 4. flow, demand, and p ressure

- demand oxygen sys tems. CA.IX. A.K4

Differences between and identification of “aviator’s breathing oxygen” 5. and other types. CA.IX. A.K5

The necessary precautions when using supplemental oxygen systems. 6. CA.IX. A.K6

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:
Opera te the installed or portable oxygen equipment in the aircraft, if 1. equipment is installed. CA.IX. A.S1

Determine the quantity of supplemental oxygen required. 2. CA.IX. A.S2
Accurately assess the adequacy of the oxygen supply for a planned 3. flight. CA.IX. A.S3

Brief passengers on the use of the supplemental oxygen equipment. 4. CA.IX. A.S4

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: Flight planning to assess the potential need for supplemental oxygen. 1. CA.IX. A.R1 Compressed gas container hazards with portable systems. 2. CA.IX. A.R2 Combustion hazards in an oxygen

- rich environment. 3. CA.IX. A.R3Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

65 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Pressurization**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25; AC 61

- 107; AIM; POH/AF M.

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management for flight in pressurized aircraft at high altitudes.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Fundamental concepts of aircraft pres surization system. 1. CA.IX. B.K1 Supplemental oxygen requirements when operating airplanes with 2. pressurized cabins. CA.IX. B.K 2

Physiological hazards associated with high altitude flight and 3. decompression. CA.IX. B.K 3

Skills The applica nt demonstrates the ability to:
Operate the pressurization system, if equipment is installed. 1. CA.IX. B.S1
React appropriately to simulated pressurization malfunctions. 2. CA.IX. B.S2

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate

ris ks, encompassing: High altitude flight. 1. CA.IX. B.R1 Supplemental oxygen quantities and systems before flight. 2. CA.IX. B.R2 Briefing passengers on use of supplemental oxygen systems in the 3. case of pressurization malfunction. CA.IX. B.R3

Physiological f actors associated pressurized environments. 4. CA.IX. B.R4Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 66

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR IX. Multiengine Operations

NOTE: If the applicant does not hold an instrument rating airplane, Tasks C and D need not be accomplished. All

other Tasks must to be completed.

Task **A. Maneuvering with One**  **Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with one engine inoperative.

NOTE: The featheri ng of one propeller shall be demonstrated in flight, unless the manufacturer prohibits the intentional feathering of the propellers during flight. The maneuvers shall be performed at altitudes above 3,000 feet AGL or the manufacturer’s recommended altitude

, whichever is higher, and positions where safe landings on established airports can be readily accomplished. In the event a propeller cannot be unfeathered during the practical test, it shall be treated as an emergency.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrat es understanding of:

V MC

. 1. CA.X. A.K1
Drag reduction. 2. CA.X. A.K2
How to identify the inoperative engine. 3. CA.X. A.K3
Aircraft configuration for best performance during single

- engine operations. 4. CA.X. A.K4
Feathering and zero

- thrust procedures. 5. CA.X. A.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Recognize engine failure and maintain control. 1. CA.X. A.S1
Set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative 2. engine, and feather appropriate propeller. CA.X. A.S2

Establish and maintain a bank toward the operating engine as required for 3. best performance in straight and level flight. CA.X. A.S3

Follow the manufacturer’s prescribed checklists to verify procedures for 4. securing the inoperative engine. CA.X. A.S4

Monitor the operating engine and make necessary adjustments. 5. CA.X. A.S5
Demonstrate coordinated flight with one engine inoperative (propeller 6. feathered). CA.X. A.S6

Restart the inoperative engine using appropriate manufacturer’s restart 7. procedures. CA.X. A.S7

Maintain altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink as appropriate and heading 8. ±10 degrees. CA.X. A.S8

Complete the appropriate checklist. 9. CA.X. A.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Collision avoidance. 1. CA.X. A.R1

CFIT avoidance. 2. CA.X. A.R2
Task management. 3. CA.X. A.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.X. A.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.X. A.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

67 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. V**  **MC Demonstration (AMEL, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management

associated with a V MC demonstration.

NOTE: An applicant seeking an airplane

- multiengine land rating, “Limited to Center Thrust,” is not required to be evaluated on this Task.

NOTE: Airplane with normally aspirated engines will lose power as altitude increases because of the reduced density of the air entering the induction system of the engine. This loss of power will

resul t in a V MC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. Therefore, recovery should be made at the first indication of loss of directional control, stall warning, or buffet. Do not perform this maneuver by increasing the pitch attitude to a high angle wi th both engines operating and then reducing power on the critical engine. This technique is hazardous and may result in loss of airplane control.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

V MC and factors affecting V MC

. 1. CA.X. B.K1

Cause of loss of directional controls at airspeeds less than V MC

. 2. CA.X. B.K2 Safe recovery procedures. 3. CA.X

. B.K3

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to: Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer’s 1.
recommendation, in the absenc e of the manufacturer’s recommendations,

then at V SSE /V YSE , as appropriate. CA.X. B.S1

a. Landing gear retracted. CA.X. B.S1a

b

. Flaps set for takeoff. CA.X. B.S1b

c

. Cowl flaps set for takeoff. CA.X. B.S1c

d

. Trim set for takeoff. CA.X. B.S1d

e

. Propellers set for high RPM. CA.X. B.S1e

d

. Power on critical engine reduce to idle. CA.X. B.S1f

g

. Power on operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power. CA.X. B.S1g
Establish a single

- engine climb attitude with the airspeed at appro ximately 2.

10 knots above V SSE

. CA.X. B.S2

Establish a bank toward the operating engine, as required for best 3. performance and controllability. CA.X. B.S3

Increase the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed at approximately 1 4. knot per second while applying rudder pressure to maintain directional control until full rudder is applied. CA.X. B.S4

Recognize indications of loss of directional control, stall warning, or buffet. 5. CA.X. B.S5
Recover promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficient ly on the 6. operating engine while decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional control. Recovery SHOULD NOT be attempted by increasing the power on the simulated failed engine. CA.X. B.S6

Recover within 20 degrees of the entry heading. 7. CA.X. B.S7
Advance power smoothly on operating engine and accelerate to V SSE /V YSE , 8. as appropriate, +10/

- 5 knots, during the recovery. CA.X. B.S8

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate ri sks, encompassing:

Collision avoidance. 1. CA.X. B.R1

CFIT avoidance. 2. CA.X. B.R2
Task management. 3. CA.X. B.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.X. B.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.X. B.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 68

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **C. Engine Failure During Flight (by reference to instrumen**  **ts) (AMEL, AMES)**

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with instrument flight with one engine inoperative.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Instrument procedures used with one engine inoperative. 1. CA.X. C.K1

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Recognize engine failure, set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and 1. verify th e inoperative engine, and feather appropriate engine propeller. CA.X. C.S1

Establish and maintain a bank toward the operating engine as required for 2. best performance in straight

- and

- level. CA.X. C.S2

Follow the prescribed checklists to verify procedu res for securing the 3. inoperative engine. CA.X. C.S3

Monitor the operating engine and make necessary adjustments. 4. CA.X. C.S4
Demonstrate coordinated flight with one engine inoperative. 5. CA.X. C.S5
Maintain altitude ±100 feet, or minimum sink as appr opriate and heading 6. ±10 degrees bank, bank ±5 degrees, and levels off from climbs and

descents within ±100 feet. CA.X. C.S6

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Collision avoidanc e. 1. CA.X. C.R1

CFIT avoidance. 2. CA.X. C.R2
Task management. 3. CA.X. C.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.X. C.R4

Situational awareness. 5. CA.X. C.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

69 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **D. Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) by** 

**Reference to Instrument s (AMEL, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3, FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with executing a published instrument approach with one engine in operative.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Instrument approach procedures used with one engine inoperative. 1. CA.X. D.K1

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Recognize engine failure, set the engine controls, redu ce drag, identify and 1. verify the inoperative engine, and feather appropriate engine propeller. CA.X. D.S1

Establish and maintain a bank toward the operating engine, as required for 2. best performance in straight

- and

- level flight. CA.X. D.S2

Follow the manufacturer’s prescribed checklists to verify procedures for 3. securing the inoperative engine. CA.X. D.S3

Monitor the operating engine and make necessary adjustments. 4. CA.X. D.S4
Request and receive an actual or a simulated ATC clearance for an 5.

instrum ent approach. CA.X. D.S5

Follow the actual or a simulated ATC clearance for an instrument approach. 6. CA.X. D.S6
Maintain altitude within 100 feet, the airspeed within ±10 knots if within the 7. aircraft’s capability, and heading +

- 10 degrees. CA.X. D.S7

Establish a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the MDA or DH/DA, 8. with the airplane in a position from which a descent to a landing, on the intended runway can be made, either straight in or circling as appropriate. CA.X. D.S8

On final approa ch segment, no more than three

- quarter

- scale deflection of 9. the CDI/glide slope indicator. For RMI or Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) indicators, within 10 degrees of the course. CA.X. D.S9

Avoid loss of aircraft control, or attempted flight contrary to the engine

10. inoperative operating limitations of the aircraft. CA.X. D.S10

Comply with the published criteria for the aircraft approach category when 11. circling. CA.X. D.S11

Complete landing and appropriate manufacturer’s checklists. 12. CA.X. D.S12

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

Collision avoidance. 1. CA.X. D.R1

CFIT avoidance. 2. CA.X. D.R2
Task management. 3. CA.X. D.R3

Wire strike avoidance. 4. CA.X. D.R4

Situational awar eness. 5. CA.X. D.R5Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 70

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR X I

. Postflight Procedures

Task **A. Parking and Securin g (ASEL, AMEL)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, ski lls and risk management associated with after landing, parking, and securing procedures.

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Positioning aircraft controls for wind. 1. CA.XI. A.K1 Familiarity with airport markings (including hold shor t lines), signs, and 2. lights. CA.XI. A.K2

Aircraft lighting. 3. CA.XI. A.K3

Towered and non

- towered airport operations. 4. CA.XI. A.K4

Visual indicators for wind. 5. CA.XI. A.K5 Airport information resources (A/FD, airport diagram). 6. CA.XI. A.K6
Good cockpi t discipline during taxi. 7. CA.XI. A.K7
Appropriate taxi speeds. 8. CA.XI. A.K8
Exhibiting procedures for appropriate cockpit activities during taxiing 9. including taxi route planning, briefing the location of HOT SPOTS, communicating and coordinating with AT C. CA.XI. A.K9

Procedures unique to night operations. 10. CA.XI. A.K10
Hazards of low visibility operations. 11. CA.XI. A.K11
Importance of documenting any in

- flight/post

- flight discrepancies. 12. CA.XI. A.K12 National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accide nt/incident reporting. 13. CA.XI. A.K13

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

Utilize after landing runway incursion avoidance procedures after landing. 1. CA.XI. A.S1
Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and 2.

pro perty. CA.XI. A.S2

Plan the taxi route to the ramp. 3. CA.XI. A.S3
Follow the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown. 4. CA.XI. A.S4
Complete the After Landing checklist after the airplane is stopped. 5. CA.XI. A.S5
Complete the Engine Shutdown Checklist. 6. CA.XI. A.S6
Disembark passengers safely and remain aware of passenger movement 7. while on the ramp area. CA.XI. A.S7

Record aircraft discrepancies and notes for possible service needs before 8. next flight. CA.XI. A.S8

Conduct an appropriate post flight inspection, secure the aircraft. 9. CA.XI. A.S9

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Distractions during aircraft taxi and parking. 1. CA.XI. A.R1 Proximity of other aircraft/vehicles/ people when operating on airport 2.

surfaces. CA.XI. A.R2

Propeller safety. 3. CA.XI. A.R3
Proper workload management. 4. CA.XI. A.R4
Confirmation or expectation bias. 5. CA.XI. A.R5
Automation management. 6. CA.XI. A.R6
Airport security. 7. CA.XI. A.R7Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single Engine, Multi Engine Land and Sea Areas of Operat ion

71 FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Task **B. Seaplane Post**

**- Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES)** 

Reference FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2, FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23; POH/AFM

Objective To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, skills and risk management associated with anchoring, docking, mooring, and rampin g/beaching.

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one after

- landing procedure (anchoring, docking and mooring, or ramping/beaching).

Knowledge The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

Mooring. 1. CA.XI. B.K1
Docking. 2. CA.XI. B.K2
Anchoring. 3. CA. XI. B.K3 Ramping/beaching. 4. CA.XI. B.K4

Post

- landing procedures. 5. CA.XI. B.K5

Skills The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
Select a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane movement, 1. water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. CA.XI. B .S1

Use an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and 2. length to ensure the seaplane’s security. CA.XI. B.S2

Approach the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction considering 3. speed, hazards, wind, and water current. CA.XI. B.S3

Approach the ramp/beach considering persons and property, in the proper 4. attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering water depth, tide,
current, and wind. CA.XI. B.S4

Ensure seaplane security in a manner that will protect it from the harmful 5.

ef fect of wind, waves, and changes in water level. CA.XI. B.S5

Risk Management The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
Distractions during aircraft taxi and parking. 1. CA.XI. B.R1
Proximity of other ai rcraft/vehicles/people when operating on airport 2.

surfaces. CA.XI. B.R2

Propeller safety. 3. CA.XI. B.R3
Proper workload management. 4. CA.XI. B.R4
Confirmation or expectation bias. 5. CA.XI. B.R5
Automation Management. 6. CA.XI. B.R6
Airport security. 7. CA.XI

. B.R7
Water and environmental impacts on securing a seaplane. 8. CA.XI. B.R8Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Single

- Engine, M ultiengine Land and Sea Areas of Operation

FAA

- S

- 8081

- ACS

- PA 72

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Commercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Appendix 1: Flight Simulation

1

- 1 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 1 : FLIGHT SIMULATION

AIRPLANE SINGLE

- ENGINE , MULTI ENGINE LAND AND SEA

**Task vs. Simulation Device Credit**

Examiners condu cting the Commercial Pilot

– Airplane Practical Tests with flight simulation devices should consult appropriate documentation to ensure that the device has been approved for training, testing, or checking. The documentation for each device should reflect tha t the following activities have occurred:

1. The device must be evaluated, determined to meet the appropriate standards, and assigned the appropriate qualification level by the National Simulator Program Manager. The device must continue to meet qualificati on standards through continuing evaluations as outlined in the appropriate advisory circular (AC) or 14 CFR part 60. For airpla ne flight training devices (FTD ),

AC 120

- 45 (as amended), Airplane Flight Training Device Qualifications, will be used. For

simu lators, AC 120

- 40 (as amended), Airplane Simulator Qualification or part 60 will be used.

2. The FAA must approve the device for training, testing, and checking the specific flight Tasks listed in this appendix.

3. The device must continue to support the level o f student or applicant performance required by

this ACS

.

NOTE: Users of the following chart are cautioned that use of the chart alone is incomplete. The description and objective of each Task as listed in the body of the ACS , including all notes, must als o be incorporated for accurate simulation device use.

**Use of Chart**

X Creditable.

A Creditable if appropriate systems are installed and operating.

* Asterisk items require use of FTD or simulator visual reference.

NOTE: Use of Level 1, 2 or Level 3 FTDs i s not authorized for the practical test required by this ACS

. For practical tests, not more than 50 % of the maneuvers may be accomplished in an FTD or simulator

UNLESS:

a. E ach maneuver has been satisfactorily accomplished for an instructor, in the appropria te airplane, not less than three (3) times,

OR

b. the applicant has logged not less than 500 hours of flight time as a pilot in airplanes.

NOTE: Not all Areas of Operation (AOO) and Tasks required by this ACS are listed in the appendix. The remaining AOO an d Tasks must be accomplished in an airplane.Commercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
Appendix 1: The Kno wledge Test

FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX 1

- 2

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR **Flight Simulation Device Level**

Areas of Operation Flight Simulation Device Level

4 5 6 7 A B C D

II. Preflight Procedures A. Preflight Assessment A A X X X X X X B. Cockpit Management A A X X X X X X

C. En gine Starting A A X X X X X X D. Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL)

_ _ _ _ _ _ X X

F . Before Takeoff Check A A X X X X X X

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go

- Arounds

A. Normal Takeoff and Climb

_ _ _ _ _ _ X X B. Normal Approach and Landing

_ _ _ _ _ _ X X

E. Short

- Field Takeoff and Maximum

Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL)

_ _ _ _ X X X X

F. Short

- Field Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL)

_ _ _ _ _ _ X X

N . Go

- Around/Rejected Landing

_ _ X X X X X X

V. Performance Maneuvers A. Steep Turns

_ _ X X X X X X

VI. Navigation

B. N avigation Systems and Radar Services

_ A X X X X X X

C. Diversion

_ A X X X X X X

D. Lost Procedures

_ A X X X X X X

VII. Slow Flight and Stalls

A

. Maneuvering During Slow Flight

_ _ X X X X X X

VIII

. Emergency Operations

B

. Emergency Descent

_ _ X X X X X X

C

. Systems and Equipment Malfunction A A X X X X X X

E

. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before V MC (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

_ _ _ _ X X X X

F

. Engine Failure After Lift

- Off (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

_ _ _ _ X X X X

G

. Approach and Landing with an Inoperati ve Engine (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
IX

. Multiengine Operations

C

. Engine Failure During Flight (by reference to instruments) (AMEL, AMES)

_ _ X X X X X X

D

. Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) by

Referen ce to Instruments (AMEL, AMES)

_ _ _ _ X X X X

X. High Altitude Operations

B

. Pressurization A A X X X X X X

XI. Postflight Procedures

A. Parking, and Securing A A X X X X X XCommercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
Appendix 2: The Knowledge Test

2

- 1 FAA

- S

- 8081

- XX

140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 2 : THE KNOWL EDGE TEST

The knowledge test is an important part of the airman certification process. Applicants must pass the knowledge test before taking the practical test.

**Knowledge Test Description**

The knowledge test consists of objective, multiple

- choice questions. There is a single correct response for

each test question. Each test question is independent of other questions. A correct response to one question does not depend upon, or influence, the correct response to another.

Test

Code Test Name Number of

Questions Allotted

Time Passing

Score

CAX Commercial Pi lot Airplane 100 3.0 70 %

CCP Commercial Pilot

Canadian Conversion 40 2.0 70 %

**Eligibility Requirements**

For information concerning eligibility for Commercial Pilot certification, please refer to:

• Medical Certificates: Requirement and Durati on: 14 CFR 61.23

• Knowledge Test: Prerequisites and Passing Grades: 14 CFR 61.35

• Eligibility: 14 CFR 61. 123, 61.125, 61.127, 61.129

**Knowledge Test Centers** 

The FAA authorizes hundreds of knowledge testing center locations that offer a full range of airman

kn owledge tests . For information on authorized testing centers and to register for the knowledge test, contact one of the providers listed at www.faa.gov

.

**Knowledge Test Registration** 

When you contact a knowledge testing ce nter to register for a test, please be prepared to select a test date, choose a testing center, and make financial arrangements for test payment when you call. You may register for test(s) several weeks in advance, and you may cancel in accordance with the testing center’s cancellation policy.

**Test Authorization**

In order to take the Commercial Pilot knowledge test, you must provide proper identification. To verify your eligibility to take the test, you must also provide one of the following:

• Gra duation cer tificate issued by a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) certificated pilot school (14 CFR 61.71), or a

• Written statement or logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant completed an applicable ground training or home s tudy course and is prepared for the knowledge test (14 CFR 61.35, 61.96(b)(3) or 61.103(d)(2)).Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Acceptable forms of authorization for PCP only:

• Confirmation of Verification Letter issued by the Airmen Certification Branch (AFS

- 760).

Acceptable forms of re test authorization for ALL Commercial Pilot tests:

• Original failed, passing, or expired Airman Knowledge Test Report, provided the applicant still has the test report in his or her possession.

NOTE : If the applicant no longer possesses the original test r eport, he or she may present an ‘expired test/credit’ letter issued by AFS

- 760.

• An applicant retesting AFTER FAILURE is required to submit the applicable test report indicating failure, along with an endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the a pplicant the required additional training. The endorsement must certify that the applicant is competent to pass the test. The test proctor must retain the original failed test report presented as authorization and attach it to the applicable sign

- in/out lo g.

**Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips** 

Before starting the actual test, the testing center will provide an opportunity to practice navigating through the test. This practice or tutorial session may include sample questions to familiarize the applicant with the look and feel of the software. (e.g., selecting an answer, marking a question for later review, monitoring time remaining for the test, and other features of the testing software).

The applicant may use the following aids, reference materials, and test materials, as long as the material does not include actual test questions or answers:

Acceptable Materials Unacceptable Materials Notes
Supplement book provided by

proctor Written materials that are handwritten, printed, or

electronic Testing centers may provide calculators and/or deny the use of personal calculators

All models of aviation

- oriented

calculators or small electronic calculators that perform only

arithmetic functions Electronic calculators incorporating permanent or continuous type memory ci rcuits without erasure capability Unit Member (proctor) may prohibit the use of your

calculator if he or she is

unable to determine the calculator’s erasure capability Calculators with simple programmable memories, which
allow addition to, subtraction fro m, or
retrieval of one number from the memory; or simple functions, such as square root and percentages Magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, modules, computer chips, or any other device upon which pre

written programs or information

related to the test can be s tored

and retrieved Printouts of data must be surrendered at the completion

of the test if the calculator incorporates this design

feature.

Scales, straightedges, protractors, plotters, navigation computers, blank log sheets, holding pattern entry
aids, a nd electronic or mechanical calculators that are directly related to

the test Dictionaries Before, and upon completion
of the test, while in the presence of the Unit Member,

actuate the ON/OFF switch or RESET button, and perform any other function that ens ures erasure of any data stored in memory circuits
Manufacturer’s permanently

inscribed instructions on the front and back of such aids, e.g., formulas, conversions, regulations, signals, weather data, holding pattern diagrams, frequencies, weight and bal ance formulas, and air traffic control procedures Any booklet or manual containing instructions related to

use of test aids Unit Member makes the final determination regarding aids,
reference materials, and test

materialsCommercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR When taking a knowledge test, pl ease keep the following points in mind:

• Carefully read the instructions provided with the test.

• Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications.

• Read each question carefully before looking at the answer options. You should clearly understand the problem before trying to solve it.

• After formulating a response, determine which answer option corresponds with your answer. The answer you choose should completely solve the problem.

• Remember that only one answer is complete and correct. The other possible answers are either incomplete or erroneous.

• If a certain question is difficult for you, mark it for review and return to it after you have answered the less difficult questions. This procedure will enable you to use the av ailable time to maximum advantage.

• When solving a calculation problem, be sure to read all the associated notes.

• For questions involving use of a graph, you may request a printed copy that you can mark in computing your answer. This copy and all other not es and paperwork must be given to the testing center upon completion of the test.

**FAA Knowledge**  **Test Question Coding**

Each task in the Airman Certification Standard includes an A irman Certification Standards (A CS ) code. This ACS code is displayed on the air man test report to indicate what task element was proven deficient on the Knowledge Exam. Instructors can then provide remedial training in the deficient areas and

evaluators can re

- test this element during the practical exam.

The A CS coding consists of 4 elements . For example : this code is deciphered as follows :

CA.I.C.K1 : CA = Applicable ACS (Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane)

I = Area of Operation (Preflight Preparation)

C = Task (Weather Information);

K1 = Knowledge Task element 1 ( Acceptable sources of weather data for flight planning purposes )

Every question is correlated to a specific ACS task/element. This coding methodology will be useful to all

involved with airman certification

― the applicant, the evaluator, and the flight instructor. It indicat es what test subjects (tasks) were satisfactorily passed and what tasks need to be reviewed prior to the practical

test.

**Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodations**

An applicant with a learning or reading disability may request app roval from AFS

- 630 through the local

F light Standards District Office ( FSDO ) or International Field Office /International Field Unit (IFO/IFU) to take an airman knowledge test using one of the three options listed below, in preferential order:

Option 1 : Use current testing facilities and procedures whenever possible.

Option 2 : Use a self

- contained, electronic device which pronounces and displays typed

- in words (e.g., the Franklin Speaking Wordmaster®) to facilitate the testing process.

NOTE: The device shoul d consist of an electronic thesaurus that audibly pronounces typed

- in words and presents them on a display screen. The device should also have a built

- in headphone jack in order to

avoid di sturbing others during testing.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Option 3 : Request the proctor's ass istance in reading specific words or terms from the test questions and/or supplement book. To prevent compromising the testing process, the proctor must be an individual with no aviation background or expertise. The proctor may provide reading assistance o nly (i.e., no explanation of words or terms). When an applicant requests this option, the FSDO or IFO /IFU inspector must contact the Airman Testing Standards Branch (AFS

- 630) for assistance in selecting the test site and assisting the proctor. Before appro ving any option, the FSDO or IFO /IFU inspector must advise the applicant of the regulatory certification requirement to be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language.

**Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct**

Computer testing centers must follow strict security procedures to avoid test compromise in accordance with FAA Order 8080.6 (as amended), Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests. Testing centers will terminate a test any time the test proctor suspects an occurrence of cheating.

The FAA wil l conduct an investigation of the incident. If the investigation determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct occurred, any airman certificate or rating the applicant holds may be revoked. In addition, the applicant may be prohibited from applying for or taking any test for a certificate or rating under 14 CFR part 61 for a period of one year.

**Airman Knowledge Test Report**

Immediately upon completion of the knowledge test, the applicant receives a printed Airman Knowledge Test Report documenting the scor e with the testing center's raised, embossed seal. The applicant must retain the original Airman Knowledge Test Report. The instructor must provide instruction in each area of deficiency and provide a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has d emonstrated satisfactory knowledge in each area. When taking the practical test, t he applicant must present the original Airman Knowledge Test Report to the evaluator, who is required to assess the noted areas of deficiency during the oral portion of the p ractical test.

An Airman Knowledge Test Report expire s 24

- calendar months from the month the applicant completes the knowledge test. If the Airman Knowledge Test Report expires before completion of the practical test, the applicant must retake the knowledg e test.

To obtain a duplicate Airman Knowledge Test Report due to loss or destruction of the original, the applicant can send a signed request accompanied by a check or money order for $1.00, payable to the

FAA to:

Federal Aviation Administration

Airmen Ce rtification Branch, AFS

- 760

P

. O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 3 : THE PRACTICAL TEST

The evaluator must conduct the practical test in accordance with this ACS. The evaluator must assess the applicant on the Skill elements of all T a sks in each Area of Operation of the ACS unless otherwise

noted. The evaluator should also assess at least one K nowledge element and one R isk M anagement

element in each Area of Operation, with special focus on any task element (s) the applicant missed on th e knowledge exam.

NOTE : The applicant must pass the knowledge test before taking the practical test, and the applicant must pass the oral portion of the practical test before beginning the flight portion.

For an applicant who holds at least a commercial pi lot certificate and seeks an additional airplane category and/or class rating at the private pilot level, the examiner shall evaluate that applicant in the Areas of Operation and Tasks listed in the Additional Rating Task Table. Please note, however, that the evaluator has the discretion to evaluate the applicant’s competence in the remaining Areas of Operation

and Tasks.

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at the commercial level, and the ratings table indicates differing required Tasks, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “ALL” and “NONE” are indicated for one Area of Operation, the “NONE” entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies.

**Conduct of the Practical Test**

The evaluator must develop a written Plan of Action to conduct the practical test, which includes all required Areas of Operation and Tasks. The Plan of Action will include a scenario that evaluates as many of the required Areas of Operation and Tasks as possible. As th e scenario unfolds during the test, the examiner will interject problems and emergencies the applicant must manage.

The evaluator has the discretion and flexibility to change the Plan of Action in order to accommodate unexpected situations as they arise. T he evaluator will evaluate any selected Task in its entirety. The evaluator may elect to suspend a scenari o and then resume the scenario in order to assess certain tasks.

If performing aspects of a given maneuver, such as emergency procedures, would jeopar dize safety, the evaluator will ask the applicant to simulate that portion of the maneuver.

**Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation**

The removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” limitation, at the comm ercial pilot certificate level, requires an applicant to satisfactorily perform the follow ing Area of Operation and Tasks from the

C ommercial Pilot

‒ Airplane ACS in a multiengine airplane that has a manufacturer’s published V MC speed.

X. Multiengine Operations

Task C: Engine Failure During Flight (by Reference to Instruments) (AMEL, AMES)

Task D: Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (by Reference to Instruments) (AMEL, AMES)Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR **Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation**

The removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” limitation at the commercial pilot certificate level requires an applicant to satisfactorily perform the followi ng Areas of Operation and Tasks from the C ommercial Pilot

‒ Airplane ACS in a multiengine airplane that has a manufacturer’s published V MC speed. An applicant that holds an airplane instrument r ating and has not demonstrated instrument proficiency i n a multiengine airplane with a published V MC shall complete th e additional Tasks listed under the **Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation**  section of this Appendix

.

I

. P reflight Preparation

Task J : Principles of Flight

– Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)

V III

. E mergency Operations

Task E: Engine Failure During Takeoff Before V M C (Simulated) (AMEL and AMES)

Task F: Engine Failure After Lift

- Off ( Simulated) (AMEL, AMES)

Task G: Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulat ed ) (AMEL, AMES)

X. Multiengine Operations

Task A : Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES)

Task B : V M C Demonstration (AMEL and AMES)

**Use of FAA**

**- Approved Flight Simulation Tr**  **aining Device (FSTD)** 

An airman applicant for Commercial Pilot

- Airplane Certification is authorized to use a full flight simulator (FFS) qualified by the Nati onal Simulator Program as level A

‒ D and/or a flight training device (FTD) qualified by the Nationa l Simulator Program as level 4
‒ 7 to complete certain flight T ask requirements

listed in this A CS

. In order to do so, such devices must be used pursuant to and in acco rdance with a curriculum ap proved for use at a 14 CFR part 141 pilot school or 14 CFR part 142 t raining center.

Practical tests or portions thereof, when acco mplished in an FSTD may only be conducted by FAA aviation safety i nspectors, designees authorized to conduct such tests in FSTDs for p art 141 pilot school graduates, or appropriately authorized part 142 Training Center Evaluators (TCE).

When flight Tasks are accomplish ed in an aircraft, certain Task elements may be accomplished through

“simulated” acti ons in the interest of safety and practicality, bu t when accomplished in a flight simulator or flight or flight training d evice, these same actions would not be “simulated. ” For example, w hen in an
aircraft, a simulated engine fire may be addressed by reta rding the throttle to idle

, simulating the shutdown of the engi ne, simulating the discharge of the fire suppression agent , if applicable, simulating

the disconnection of associated electr ical, hydraulic, and pneumatics systems

. However, when the same

emerg ency condition is addressed in a FSTD, all Task e lements must be accomplished as would be expected under actual circumstances.

Similarly, safety of flight precaution s taken in the aircraft for the accomplishment of a specific maneuver or procedure (such as limiting altitude in an approach to st all or setting maximum airspeed for an engine failure expected to res ult in a rejected takeoff) need no t be taken when a FSTD is used. It is important to

understand t hat, whether accomplished in an aircraft or FSTD, all Tasks and elements for each maneuver

or procedure shall have the same performance standards applied equally for determination of ove rall satisfactory performance

. Training devices other than Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTDs) may be

used in ac cordance with AC 61

- 136 (current edition), FAA Approval of Basic Aviation Training Devices (BATD) and Advanced Aviation Training De vices (AATD)

.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR **Use of Checklists**

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of an approved manufacturer’s checklist or equivalent.

NOTE : If there is no published manufacturer's checklist, the applicant may use the appropriate FAA
handbook or equivalent checklist.

Assessing proper checklist use depends upon the specific Task. In all cases, the evaluator should

determine whether the applicant appropriately divides attention and uses proper visual scanning. In some situations, reading the actual checklist may be impractical or unsafe. In such cases, the evaluator should assess the applicant's performance of published or recommended immediate action "memory" items along with his or her review of the appropriate checklist once conditions permit.

**Use of Distractions**

Research and accident analysis indicate that pilot distraction during critical phases of flight is a factor in many accidents. The evaluator will cause realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test

in o rder to evaluate the applicant's ability to use and maintain proper control technique while dividing attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit.

**Positive Exchange of Flight Controls**

There must always be a clear understanding of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, the pilots involved should conduct a briefing that includes reviewing the procedures for exchanging flight controls.

The FAA recommends a positive three

- step process for exchanging flight controls between pilots:

• When one pilot seeks to have the other pilot take control of the aircraft, he or she will say, "You have the flight controls."

• The second pilot acknowledges immediately by saying, "I have the flight controls."

• The first pilot again says, "You have the flight controls."

Pilots should follow this procedure during any exchange of flight controls, including any occurrence during the practical test. The FAA also recommends that both pilots use a visual check to verify that the exchange has occurred. There must never be any do ubt as to who is flying the aircraft.

**Stall and Spin Awareness**

During flight training and testing, the applicant and the instructor or evaluator must always recognize and

avoid operation s that could lead to an inadvertent stall or spin

.

**Possible Outcomes o f the Practical Test** 

There are three possible outcomes of the practical test: (1) satisfactory

, (2) unsatisfactory

, or (3)

discontinuance.

Satisfactory

Satisfactory performance requires the applicant:

• Perform the Tasks specified in the Areas of Operation f or the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards;

• Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft by performing each Task successfully;

• Demonstrate proficiency and competency in accordance with the approved standards;

• Demonstrate sound judgment and ex ercise aeronautical decision

- making/risk management;

• Demonstrate single

- pilot competence if the aircraft is type certificated for single

- pilot operations.

Satisfactory performance will result in the issuance of a temporary certificate.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR NOTE : The tolerances listed in the ACS represent the performance expected in good flying conditions.

Unsatisfactory

If, in the judgment of the evaluator, the applicant does not meet the standards for any Task, the applicant fails the Task and associated Area of Operation, th e test is unsatisfactory, and the examiner issues a Notice of Disapproval. When the examiner issues a Notice of Disapproval, he or she shall list the Area of Operation in which the applicant did not meet the standard. The Notice of Disapproval must also li st the Area(s) of Operation not tested, and the number of practical test failures.

The examiner or the applicant may end the test if the applicant fails a Task. The examiner may continue the test only with the consent of the applicant, and the applicant is entitled to credit for only those Areas of Operation and the associated Tasks performed satisfactorily. Though not required, the examiner has discretion to reevaluate any Task, including those previously passed, during the retest.

Typical areas of unsatis factory performance and grounds for disqualification include:

• Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight.

• Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to cle ar the area before and while performing maneuvers.

• Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Skill elements of the Task

.

• Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are exceeded.

• Failure to exercise Risk Management

.

NOTE: If a performanc e standard is not definitively established for a Task element it should not be used as the basis for a judgment of unsatisfactory. Instead, perceived deficiencies in areas without specific performance parameters should be provided as feedback to the applic ant’s instructor(s) and/or flight school(s) to focus more on those areas in the future. In addition, the perceived deficiencies should be highlighted during the practical exam debrief to encourage the applicant to work on attempting to further incorporate those skills into their airmanship.

Discontinuance

When it is necessary to discontinue a practical test for reasons other than unsatisfactory performance (e.g., equipment failure, weather, illness), the evaluator returns all the test paperwork to the appli cant. The evaluator must prepare, sign, and issue a Letter of Discontinuance that lists those Areas of Operation the applicant successfully completed and the time remaining to complete the test. The evaluator should advise the applicant to present the Lett er of Discontinuance to the evaluator when the practical test resumes in order to receive credit for the items successfully completed. The Letter of Discontinuance becomes part of the applicant's certification file.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR **Prerequisites for the Test**

In accordance with 14 CFR part 61, an applicant for the Commercial Pilot Practical Test must:

• Be at least 18 years of age;

• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language as detailed in AC 60

- 28;

• Possess a private pilot certificate with an airplane r ating, if a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane rating is sought, or meet the flight experience required for a private pilot certificate (airplane rating) and pass the private airplane knowledge and practical test;

• Possess an instrument rating (a irplane) or the following limitation shall be placed on the commercial pilot certificate: “Carrying passengers in airplanes for hire is prohibited at night or on

cross

- country flights of more than 50 nautical miles;”

• Have passed the appropriate commercial pilot knowledge test since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or she takes the practical test;

• Have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and obtained the prescribed aeronautical experience;

• Possess at least a current third class medical certification (unless Practical Test is conducted in a simulator) or, when a military pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces, show and present evidence of an

up

- to

- date medical examination by the U.S. Armed Forces authorizing pilot status;

• Have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant has received and logged training time within two (2) calendar months preceding the date of application in preparation for the practical test, and is prepared for the practical test ;

• Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home

- study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of 14 CFR part 61.105 paragraph (b) that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and

• Have an endorsement cer tifying that the applicant has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test (not required for power aircraft to non

- power aircraft or power aircraft to power aircraft for additio nal category or class rating).

**Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test**

The Commercial Pilot

— Airplane applicant is required by 14 CFR 61.45 to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the practical test. This section states that the aircraft must:

• Be of U.S., foreign, or military registry of the same category, class, and type, if applicable, for the certificate and/or rating for which the applicant is applying;

• Have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 14 CFR 61.45(c) and (e); and

• Be capable of performing all Areas of Operation appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating limitations which prohibit its use in any of the Areas of Operation required for the practical test.

• Be a complex airplane f urnished by the applicant, unless the applicant currently holds a commercial pilot certificate with a single

- engine or multiengine class rating as appropriate, for the performance of takeoffs, landings, and appropriate emergency procedures. A complex landp lane is one having retractable landing gear, flaps, and controllable propeller or turbine

- powered. A complex seaplane is one having flaps and controllable propeller.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR **Instructor Responsibilities**

Instructors are responsible for training the applicant to acce ptable standards in knowledge, skills, and risk
management elements/ procedures in all the Tasks, even if the applicant is simply adding an additional

Commercial P ilot certificate.

**Evaluator Responsibilities**

The evaluator who conducts the practical test is responsible for determining the applicant meets the acceptable standards of aeronautical knowledge, skills, and risk management for each Task in the appropriate ACS.

The evaluator must test at least one item in each of the Knowledge and Risk Management ele ments for every Task, emphasizing the topics (if any) the applicant missed on the Knowledge Test. The evaluator

must test each item in the Skills elements unless otherwise noted in the Task.

Applicants must complete the oral portion of the practical test b efore the flight portion; however, oral questioning will continue throughout the flight. To the greatest extent practicable, evaluators shall test the applicant’s ability to apply and correlate information, and only use rote questions when appropriate for the material being tested.

If the evaluator determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome is uncertain, the evaluator may require the applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task. The FAA made this provision in the
interest of fairness, b ut it does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repetition of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the practical test.

On multiengine practical tests, where the failure of the most critical engine after liftoff is required, the examiner must g ive consideration to local atmospheric conditions, terrain, and type of aircraft used. However, the failure of an engine shall not be simulated until attaining at least V SSE /V XSE /V YSE and at an

altitude not lower than 400 feet AGL.

During simulated engine failures on multiengine practical tests, the examiner shall set zero thrust after the applicant has simulated feathering the propeller. The examiner shall require the applicant to demonstrate at least one landing with a simulated

- feathered propeller with t he engine set to zero thrust. The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in flight, unless the manufacturer prohibits the intentional feathering of the propellers during flight.

The evaluator will assess the applicant’s use of visual scanning an d collision avoidan ce procedures throughout the entire test.Commercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 4 : ADDITIONAL RATING TA SK TABLES

Addition of an Airplane Single

- Engine Land Rating to an e xisting Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that apply(s) or an indication that all or none of the Tasks must be tested based on the notes in each Area of Operation

.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS OF

OPERATION ASES AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G

II D D D A,C,D,

F A,D,F A,B,C,D,F A,B,C,D,F A,B,C,D,F

III B NONE B B NONE B B B

IV A,B,C,
D,E,F A,B,C,
D,E,F A,B,C,
D,E,F A,B,C,
D,E,F,

M A,B,C,
D,E,F, M A,B,C,
D,E,F,M A,B,C,
D,E,F, M A,B,C,
D,E ,F,M

V NONE B,C,D B,C,D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VII NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI A NONE A A A A A ACommercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Addition of an Airplane Single

- Engine Sea Rating to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that apply(s) or an indication that all or none of the

Tasks must be tested bas ed on the notes in each Area of Operation

.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,I F,G,I F,G F,G, I F,G, I F,G, I F,G, I F,G, I

II E E E A,B,C,E A,B,E,

F A,B,C,E,F A,B,C,E,F A,B,C,E,F

III B B N ONE B B B B B

IV A,B,G,
H,J,K,L A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L,
M,N A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L,
M,N A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L,
M,N A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L,
M,N A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L,
M,N

V NONE B,C,D B,C,D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NO NE

VII NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI B B NONE B B B B BCommercial Pilot

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Addition of an Airplane Multi e ngine Land Rating to an exist ing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that apply(s) or an indication that all or none of the Tasks must be tested based on the notes in each Area of Operation

.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS OF

OPERATION ASE L ASES AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,J F,G,J F,G F,G,J F,G,J F,G,J F,G,J F,G,J

II ALL ALL D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

III NONE B B B NONE B B B

IV A,B,C,D A,B,C,D A,B,C,D A,B,C,D,N A,B,C,D,N A,B,C,D,N A,B,C,D,N A,B,C,D,N

V ALL ALL NO NE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VII ALL ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII A,C,D,
E,F,G A,C,D,
E,F,G C,E,G A,C,D,
E,F,G A,C,D,
E,F,G A,C,D,
E,F,G A,C,D,
E,F,G A,C,D,
E,F,G

IX ALL ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI NONE A A A A A A ACommercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certific ation Standards
Appendix 4: Additional Rating Task Tables

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR Addition of an Airplane Multi e ngine Sea Rating to an e xisting Commercial Pilot Certificate Required Tasks are indicated by either the Task letter(s) that apply(s) or an indication that all or no ne of the Tasks must be tested based on the notes in each Area of Operation

.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS OF

OPERATION ASEL ASEL A M ES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,I F,G,I,J F,G,J F,G,I,J F,G, I ,J F,G, I ,J F,G, I ,J F,G, I ,J

II E ALL ALL ALL A LL ALL ALL ALL

III B B NONE B B B B B

IV A,B,G,
H,J,K,L A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L A,B,G,
H,I,J,K,L ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

V NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VII NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII C,E,G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G A, C, D,
E, F, G

IX NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI B B NONE ALL B ALL ALL ALLCommercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
Appendix 5: Prac tical Test Checklist

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR A PPENDIX 5 : PRACTICAL TEST CHECK LIST

**App licant’s Practical Test Checklist** 



### Appointment with Evaluator

Evaluator’s Name:

________________________________ __

Location:

________________________________ __________

Date/Time:

________________________________ _________

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

 Aircraft Documents:

 Airworthiness Certificate

 Registration Certificate

 Operating Limitations

 Aircraft Maintenance Records:

 Logbook Record of Airwo rthiness Inspections and AD Compliance

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA

- Approved Aircraft Flight Manual

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

 View

- Limiting Device

 Current Aeronautical Charts (Printed or Electronic)

 Computer and Plotter

 Flight Plan Form

 Flight Pla n Form and Flight Logs (printed or electronic)

 Airport Facility Directory, Airport Diagrams and Appropriate Publications

 Current AIM

PERSONAL RECORDS

 Identification

— Photo/Signature ID

 Pilot Certificate

 Current Medical Certificate

 Completed FAA Form 8710

- 1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature

 Original Knowledge Test Report

 Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements

 FAA Form 8060

- 5

, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

 Letter of Discontinu ance (if applicable)

 Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)

 Evaluator’s Fee (if applicable)Commercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
Appendix 5: Practical Test Checklist

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR This page intentionally left blank.Commercial Pilot

‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
Appendix 6: References

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 6 : REFERENCES

This ACS is based on the following 14 CFR parts, FAA guidance documents , manufacturer’s publications,

and other documents.

14 CFR part 39 Airwort hiness Directives

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors

14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic Service

Routes ; and Reporting Points

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules

14 CFR part 93 Special Air Traffic Rules

14 CFR part 119

AC 00

- 6 Aviation Weather

AC 60

- 28 English Language Skill Standards Required by 14 CFR Parts 61, 63 and 65

AC 00

- 45 Aviation Weather Services

AC 00

- 63 Use of Cockpit Displays of Digital Weather and Aeronautical Information

AC 61

- 67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training

AC 61

- 107 Aircraft Operations at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet Mean Sea Level or Ma ch

Numbers Greater Than .75

AC 61

- 136 FAA Approval of Basic Aviation Training Devices (BATD) and Advanced Aviation Training Device s (AATD)

AC 90

- 66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and Practices for Aeronautical Operations at Airports Without Operating Control Towers

AC 91

- 13 Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft

AC 91

- 21.1 Use of Portable Electronic Devices Aboard Aircraft

AC 91

- 55 Reduction of Electrical System Failures Following Aircraft Engine Starting

AC 91

- 73 Part 91 and 135 Single

- Pilot Procedures During Taxi Operations

AC 150/ 5340

- 18 Standards for Airport Sign Systems

A/FD Airport/Facility Directory

AIM Aeron autical Information Manual

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 2 Risk Management Handbook

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 3 Airplane Flying Handbook

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 6 Advanced Avionics Handbook

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 23 Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipp ed Helicopter Operations Handbook

FAA

- H

- 8083

- 25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

FAA

- P

- 8740

- 19 Flying Light Twins Safely

NOTAM s Notices to Airmen

POH/AFM Pilot’s Operating Handbook/FAA

- Approved Airplane Flight Manual

Other Navigation Cha rts

Navigation Equipment Manual

USCG Navigation Rules, International

- InlandCommercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Appendix 6: References

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR NOTE : Users should reference the current edition of the reference documents listed above. The current edition of all FAA publications can be found at www.faa.gov

.

This page intentionally left blank.Commercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Appendix 7: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR APPENDIX 7 : ABBREVIATIONS AND AC RONYMS

The following abbreviations and acronyms are used in this ACS.

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

AATD Advanced Aviation Training De vices

AC Advisory Cir cular

ACS Airman Certification Standards

ADC Air Data Computer

ADF Automatic Direction Finder

ADM Aeronautical Decision

- Making

A/FD Airport/Facility Directory

AFM Airplane Flight Manual

AFS Flight Standards Service

AGL Above Ground Level

A DAH RS A ir Data and Heading Reference System

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

AMEL Airplane Multiengine Land

AMES Airplane Multiengine Sea

AOA Angle of Attack

AOO Area of Operation

ASEL Airplane Single

- Engine Land

ASES Airplane Single

- Engine Sea

ATC Ai r Traffic Control

BATD Basic Aviation Training Device

CAX Commercial Pilot Airplane

CCP Commercial Pilot Canadian Conversion

CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain

CG Center of Gravity

ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FADEC Full Authority Digital En gine Control

FFS Full Flight Simulator

FSDO Flight Standards District Office

FSTD Flight Simulation Training Device

FTD Flight Training Device

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS Global Positioning System

IFO International Field Office

IFU International Field Unit

IFR Instrument Flight Rules

IMC Inst rument Meteorological Conditions

KOEL Kinds of Operation Equipment ListCommercial Pilot ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards Appendix 7: Abbreviations and Acronyms

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140624 COM ACS DRAFT vFR LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations

MEL Minimum Equipment List

NAS National Airspace System

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen

NTSB National Transportation Safety Board

POH Pilot’s Opera ting Handbook

PTS Practical Test Standards

RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

SFRA Special Flight Rules Area

SRM Safety Risk Management

SMS Safety Management System

SUA Special Use Airspace

TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions

TUC Tim e of Useful Consciousness

USCG United States Coast Guard

UTC Coordinated Universal Time

VFR Visual Flight Rules

V A Maneuvering Speed

V FE Flap Extension Speed

V LE Landing Gear Extended Speed

V MC Minimum control speed with critical engine inoperati ve

V SSE Safe, intentional one

- engine

- inoperative speed.

Originally known as safe single

- engine speed

V XSE Best angle of climb speed with one engine inoperative

V X Best Angle of Climb Speed

V Y Best Rate of Climb Speed

V YSE Best rate

- of

- climb speed wit h one engine inoperative

V S0 Stalling Speed or the Minimum Steady Flight Speed in the Landing Configuration

VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions