Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

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Chapter 4. Consultation and Coordination

Preparers and Contributors 

The Forest Service consulted the following individuals, Federal, State, and local agencies, tribes and 

other organization and individuals during the development of this environmental impact statement: 

Interdisciplinary Team Members

Responsible line officer: Amber Kamps, Lincoln Ranger District, District Ranger

Name Responsibility Experience

Larry Amell Silviculturist

Bachelor of Science in Forest Resource Management, 

Master of Science in Forest Resource Management, 

University of Idaho. 29 years of experience in fire 

control/management and silviculture

Katherine Carsey Botanist Master of Science in Biology, 21 years of experience

Chris Bielecki Logging Engineer Bachelor of Science, Forestry; Master of Forestry, 

Forest Engineering; 14 years of experience 

Cameron Bonnett Landscape Architect B.L.A Degree in Landscape Architecture; Master of 

Science, 20 years of experience

T. Buhl Fire Management Specialist

Undergraduate education in Range Science and Fire 

Technology; 15 years of experience in fire and fuels 

management

Laura Burns GIS Specialist

Bachelor of Science in Forest Resource Management, 

fisheries biologist for 17 years and a GIS specialist for 

6 years

Cynthia Englebert Botanist Bachelor of Science, Range Science; Additional 

undergraduate work in botany; 16 years of experience

Perry Nolan Archaeologist

Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology;

Master of Science, Forest Science; Remote Sensing 

and Geographic Information Systems (GIS); 14 years 

of experience

Michael McNamara Hydrologist Bachelor of Science in Geology and Master of Science 

in Forest Hydrology; 25 years of experience

Lois Pfeffer Environmental Coordinator, 

Interdisciplinary Team Leader

Bachelor of Science in Forest Resources, Minor in Soil

Science, 23 years of experience

Amee Rief Fisheries Biologist

Bachelor of Science in Biology and Master of Science 

in Fisheries and Wildlife Science, 18 years of 

experience

Scott Reitz Wildlife Biologist Bachelor of Science in Wildlife Science, 35 years of 

experience.

Janice Schultz Writer-Editor

20 years of experience with the Forest Service in 

silviculture, recreation and public affairs, 12 years in 

NEPA documentation

Stephanie Valentine Recreation Bachelor of Science, Outdoor Recreation

Management; 15 years of experience

Dustin Walters Soil Scientist Master of Science, Natural Resource Conservation; 13 

years of experience
Chapter 4 – Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Statement

650

Reviewers and Specialists Consulted

Amanda Milburn Silviculture

Byron Stringham Landscape Architect 

David Callery Hydrologist 

David Marr Soil Scientist

Eric Barclay Engineer 

Ernie Lundburg Recreation

Jan Fauntleroy Project Liaison/NEPA Coordinator

Jarel Kurtz Fuels Planner/Air Quality

Kathy Bushnell Public Affairs

Kyle McGuire Archeologist

Len Walch Fish Biologist 

Lois Olsen Botanist/Noxious weeds 

Pat Shanley Project Liaison/Wildlife Biologist

Scott Johnson Planning Forester/Logging Specialist 

Shawn Heinert Range

Federal, State, and Local Agencies

The Forest Service consulted the following Federal, State, and local agencies and tribes during the 

development of this environmental impact statement:

Anne VanDehey, US Fish & Wildlife Service

Bill Kuney, Montana Film Office

Boulder Community Library

Brad Rixford & Mike Wyatt, BLM (BLM)

Broadwater Community Library

Broadwater County Commissioners

Bureau of Reclamation

Carole Mackin, Montana DEQ

Christian Levine, DEQ

Cory Loecker, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 

(MTFWP)

Craig Osterman, Treasure State Alliance

Dan Bushnell, Department of Natural Resources

Dave Burch, Jefferson County Weed District

Dave White, Natural Resource Conservation 

Service

David Bowers, DEQ Remediation Division

Deb Dils, MTFWP

Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation

Deputy Director, USDA Aphis PPD/EAD 

Director of Planning and Review, Ad Council on 

Historic Preservation 

Division Administrator, Federal Highway 

Administration

Don Allen, Western Environmental Trade Assoc.

Dr. Mark Baumler, Montana State Historic 

Preservation

Ed Shindoll, Broadwater Co. Rural Fire Dist.

EIS Review Coordinator, Reg. 8 US EPA

Environmental Protection Agency, Attn: John F. 

Wardell

Eric Griffin, Lewis and Clark County

Everett M. "Sonny" Stiger, Wolf Creek Volunteer 

Fire Co.

Fran Viereck, Montana Department of Commerce

Gail Keith, Montana Board of Outfitters

Gallatin County Commissioners

Gary Olson, MTFWP

Gary Steinberg, Sheridan County Weed District

Governor State of Montana
Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

651

Helena Regulatory Office, US Army Corps of 

Engineers

Honorable Dennis Rehberg, US House of 

Representatives

Honorable Jon Tester, US Senate

Honorable Max Baucus, US Senate

James Wilbur, Lewis & Clark Co. Water Quality 

Protection District

Jefferson County Commissioners

Jenny Sika, MT FWP

Jerry Meyer,Capital City Coordinator, USDA 

Forest Service, Northern Region

Jim Freeman, Cascade County

Jim Ghekiere, Liberty County Weed District

Jim Sottrafield, MTFWP

Jim Wedeward, Bureau of Reclamation

Joe Hudson District Ranger, USDA FS Moose 

Creek Ranger District

Joe Maurier,MTFWP

John Fraley,MTFWP

Kathy Lloyd, C-U Task Force

Kelly Ingalls, Broadwater County Weed Board

Kevin T. Brewer. Montana Dept. of Transportation

Larry Anderson, U.S. Senator Conrad Burns

Larry Hoffman, Lewis & Clark County Weed 

Coordinator

Larry Peterman, MTFWP 

Laurence Hoffman, Lewis and Clark County 

Extension Service

Lewis and Clark County Library 

Lillian Hegstad, Helena Chamber of Commerce

Lincoln Community Library

Lincoln Office, Montana DNRC

Linda Cardenas 

Mack Long, MTFWP

Marc Wilson, US Fish & Wildlife Service

Mark Snoozye Bureau of Reclamation

Mary Upton, Townsend Area Chamber of 

Commerce

Meagher County Commissioners

Mgr., Intergovernmental Review, State 

Clearinghouse, Lt. Governor’s Office

Michael Downey, MTFWP

Michael Korn, MTFWP

Michael Murray, Lewis and Clark County 

Commissioners

Mine Waste Cleanup Bureau, Montana Dept. of 

Environmental Quality

Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks 

Region 3

Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 

Region 4

Northwest Mountain Region Regional 

Administrator Federal Aviation Administration 

Northwest Power Planning Council 

NRCS, National Environmental Coordinator 

Office of Environmental Affairs, Department of the 

Interior 

Pat Saffel, MTFWP

Paul Spengler, Tri County Fire Working Group

Perry Brown, MTFWP

Pete Strazdas, Montana DEQ

Policy and Planning Division, Office of Civil 

Rights 

Powell County Commissioners

Randall and Sherry Reynolds, FAA

Ray Vinkey, MTFWP

Regional Forester, USDA FS NR Regional Office

Richard Fairweather, Meagher County Weed 

District

Rick Hotaling, BLM

Rod Duty, MTFWP

Roger Knapp, Treasure County Weed District

Ron Pierce, MTFWP

Ron Spoon, MTFWP

Rus Von Koch, BLM

Ruth Miller, BLM

Sam Little, Jefferson County Weed District

Scott Oviatt, NRCS Snow Survey

Sharon Rose, MTFWP

State Publications Center, Montana State Library

Stephen Potts, Helena Office EPA - Region 8

Tammy DeCock, NRCS

Ted Lawrence, Townsend Volunteer Fire 

Department

Tom Carlsen, MTFWP

Tom Sawatzke Bureau of Reclamation

US Army Engr. NW Division 

US Coast Guard

US Department of Energy, Director, NEPA Policy 

US DOI, Office of Environmental Policy and 

Compliance 

US EPA EIS Filing Section

US EPA Office of Federal Activities 

US EPA Region VIII, Montana Office 

US Fish & Wildlife Service

USDA National Ag Library.
Chapter 4 – Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Statement

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USDA Forest Service, Ecosystem Mgmt 

Coordination Staff 

USDA Forest Service, NEPA Program Leader 

USDA FS White Sulphur Springs Ranger Distgrict

USDA NAL, ACQ & Serials Branch

USDA Policy & Planning Division

Virginia Knerr, Broadwater Co. Extension Service

Tribes

Marlene Bear Walter, Blackfoot Tribal Council

Agency Director Schmitz, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes

Vera Sonneck, Nez Perce Tribe

James H. Steele, Tribal Chairman, Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes

Executive Director, Blackfoot Challenge

Tina Bernd Cohen, Blackfoot Challenge

Jon Krutar, Blackfoot Legacy

Brian McDonald, Blackfoot Challenge

Marcia Pablo, Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes,Preservation Department

Others:

A.W. Madison

Agency Director, Smurfit-Stone Container Corp.

Al and Susan Weinert

Al Christofferson

Al Martini

Alan Gilda

Alan Heimbach

Alan J. Smith, Helena Snowdrifters

Alan Wright

Alane Fitzpatrick

Alvin L. Breneman

Ann Pierce

April E. Johnston, American Wildlands

Arny Brown

Arthur Bowron

Audie Anderson, Ramshorn Outfitters

B & W Ranch LP

Barney and Claudette Vandenbos

Barry Dexter

Becky Garland

Becky Thurman

Ben Thompson

Ben Thompson

Benjamin Pignatelli

Bill and Brenda Quay, Sunny Slope

Bill Brewster

Bill Bucher

Bill Crenshaw, Elkhorn Land Owners Protective 

Association

Bill Cutsforth 

Bill Cyr

Bill Dart, Public Lands Director, Blue Ribbon 

Coalition

Bill Hammer

Bill Hertz

Bill Hubber,

Bill Koehnke

Bill L. Davis, Davis Bar Triangle "T" Ranch

Bill Myers

Bill Orsello, Montana Wildlife Federation

Bill Otten

Bill Tiddy

Billie Ranard

Bob and Jan Braico

Bob Bugni

Bob Bukantis

Bob Bushnell, Montana Snowmobile Assoc.

Bob E. O'Connell

Bob Erickson

Bob Marks

Bob Wing, Native Montanan

Bonnie Miller

Boyd Bomar

Brad and Alice Cooper, Tri River Lumber

Brent Anderson

Brent Bushnell, Qwest

Brian and Betty Eisenzimer 

Brian Kimpton, Kimpton Ranch Company

Broadwater Rod & Gun Club

Brooke and Maria Hunter

Bruce Farling Trout Unlimited

Bruce Rehwinkel
Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

653

Bruce Timpano, Pyramid Mountain Lumber, Inc

Bryan Lewis

Bud Smith

Budd Williams

Carl Lindstrom

Carl Maehl

Carol D. Wells

Carolan Bunegar

Cathy Champion-Predmore & Dan Predmore

Cedron Jones, Western Montana RAC Member

Charlene Locke

Charles and Georgia Ferrel

Charles and Maureen Redfield

Charles and Ethel Sutej 

Charles D. Muir

Charles D. Trinwith

Charles E. McLane

Charles Hedrick

Charles Plymale

Charles R. Udell

Charles Sherman Living Trust 

Charlie Hail

Charlotte A. & Melvin Hagen, Ponderosa Snow 

Warriors

Charly and Shirley Tiernan

Chris Castagne

Chris Deveny & Ken Knudson

Chris Pfahl, ASARCO Incorporated

Chuck Dietz

Chuck Hahn, Hahn Ranch Company

Chuck or Louise Fischer

Chuck Seeley Smurfit-Stone Container Corp.

Cindy and Harry Poett

Cleve Johnson

Cliff Cox, Creek Ranch

Cory Miedema

Craig Brayko

Craig Cazier, Broadwater County Snowmobilers 

Club

Craig Knowles

Craig Winterburn, Running W Cattle Company

Curt Diehl

D. Smith, J. Johnson & M. McCracken, Bonneville 

Power Administration

Dal Smilie, American Motorcyclist Association

Dale and Maryanne Bishop

Dale Bouma

Dale Cote

Dale Gardner, Helena Trail Riders

Dan and Susan Wallace

Dan Oliver

Dan Pittman, Forest Resources of MT & Assoc. 

LLC

Dan Rundell

Daniel Comer

Darrell Miller, Marks-Miller Post & Pole

Dave Austin

Dave Greytak, G and O Partnership

Dave Jackson

Dave Lewis

David & Connie Cole

David & Nancy Duel

David Brown

David Comer

David P. Clark

David Scrimm, Program Director, Montana 

Wilderness Association

David Stahly

David Walker

Dean Halverson

Del Sharbono, MTVRA

Deloris White

Dennis Hengel

DeWayne Williams

Diana Colby

Diana Reichenberg

Dick Artley

Dick Bruins

Dick Clearman

Dick Noel

Dick Sloan

Diehl Curt

Dinene Schmitz, Land, Resources, Environ 

Sciences

Don & Suzanne Peavey

Don Burnham, Prickly Pear Simmental Ranch

Don Doyle

Don Gordon

Don Hulett

Don Smith

Donald and Nadeane Jensen 

Donald and Peter Plaza

Donald and Judith Templeton

Donald Hinman

Donald Shearer

Donna Roy

Dorothy Lake

Doug Abelin, CTVA/MTVRA/NOHVCC
Chapter 4 – Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Statement

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Doug and Cindy Brady 

Doug Breker

Doug Finstad

Doug Powell, Powell Contractors

Doug Salsbury, Tomahawk Ranch

Douglas Swingley 

Douglas Vulcan

Dr. David Baker

Duane and Elaine Mann

Duane Bakken

Duane Halverson

Dustin Ecker

Dwight Crawford

Ecosystem Defense/Alliance for the Wild Rockies

Ed Dawes

Ed McCauley

Ed Regan, RY Timber, Inc

Ed Tyanich

Edward L. Austin

Edward L. Finstad

Edward nd Susan Standley 

Elaine Snyder

Elkhorn Mountain Ranch

Ellen Brown

Ellen Engstedt, Montana Wood Products Assoc.

Ellen Feaver

Emma Suarez, Pacific Legal Foundation

ERG

Ernest R. Pearce

Ernie Nunn

Estiban and Gayle Serquina

Eve Byron

Farrel Rose, Rose Appraisal/Realty

Frank & Billie Houle, Montana Wilderness 

Association

Franklin Slifka

Fred Bailey, Helena Snowdrifters

Fred Dalbec

Fred Lurie, BBCTU

Fred Robinson

Fred Rousseau

Fritz Snideman

Gabe Furshong

Gary and Joyce Thompson

Gary Axtman, Kim's Marina

Gary Burnett

Gary E. Sutton Sr.

Gary Marks, Marks-Miller Post and Pole, Inc.

Gayle Joslin

Gene and Lonnie Grandy

Gene Cook

George and Barbara O'Dore, Mildred Neild Trust

George Bettas, Boone and Crockett Club

George Demers

George Gray

George Oberst

George Ochenski

Ginger Gillin, GEI Consultants

Glen and Marge Kolve

Glenn Hockett, Gallatin Wildlife Association

Glenn Middlestead, Helena Cycle Center

Gloria B. Stiner

Gloria Cartan

Gordon Thompson

Gordy Sanders, Pyramid Mountain Lumber, Inc

Gregory Field, Tri Mountain Angus

Grosfield Ranch LLC

Hallie Rugheimer

Hank Goetz

Hank Mathiason

Harley and Patricia Ziesman

Heidi Bray

Helena Hunters and Anglers Assoc.

Holly Horton

Homer J. Phillips

Iwy Obrigewitch

Jack Eddie

Jack Mahon

Jack McDonnell

Jack McLeod

Jack Rich

Jack Smith

Jack Thomas

Jack Vanliere

James and Karen Langsather

James and Virginia Reynolds

James and Laura Palagi 

James Baker

James E. Roberts Jr.

James F. Davis

James F. O'Connor

James Greenwood 

James H. & Donna Aline

James L. Paris, Montana Snowmobile Assoc.

James Maher

James McMaster

James Nettleton

James R. Wolf, Continental Divide Trail Society
Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

655

James T. Wethevelt

James Thomason

James W. Duffy, Duffy Ranch

Janey and Tilton Holm 

Jay and Lisa Roberson

Jay Krieg, Eagle Stud Mill, Inc.

Jay Reardon

Jeff & Marie Hoeffner, Staubach

Jeff Juel, Wild West Institute

Jeffery and Ivan Clark

Jeffrey Carlile 

Jerome Cain

Jerry and Ruth Massee

Jerry and Mary Lehman 

Jerry Burns

Jerry Grebenc, Helena Hunters & Anglers 

Association

Jim and Peggy Thompson, Thompson Ranch and 

Livestock

Jim Barnes, Big Sky Cyclery - Helena, Inc.

Jim Harris

Jim Haslip

Jim Jenson, Montana Environmental Info Center

Jim Lewis, Helena Outdoor Club

Jim Posewitz, Helena Hunters and Anglers Assoc.

Jim Rathburn

Jim Robbison and Chere Jiusto

Jim Stipich

Jim Stone

Jim Suek

Joe and Carlene Armstrong

Joe and Helen Beausoleil

Joe Baze

Joe Cote

Joe Jepson

Joe Marino

Joel Davis

John and Jocelyn Bowne

John and Lynn Cromrich

John and Kay Robertson

John Day, Ravalli County Weed District

John Gatchell, Montana Wilderness Association

John Heide

John Hodnik

John Johnson, Cost Cutters Landscape

John L. Stoner

John Moodry

John Northey

John S. Fleming

John Sam Bakke

John Wilson, Trout Unlimited

Jon Clarenbach

Jon Moore 

Jonathan Haywood

Jonathan Roe

Joseph and Wendy Schultz

Josephine Cope

Juanita J. Wilson

Judith L. Landecker

Juris Ore, Prickly Pear Sportsman's Association

Karalee Bancroft, Caroline Ranch

Karen Davidson

Karen Kueffler

Karen Stone 

Karole Lee

Karole Lee, Montana Wilderness Association

Katharine Donnelley

Katherine Mieyr

Kathy Cockerham

Kathy Kimpton, Kimpton and Sons, Inc.

Kathy Lloyd & Drake Barton

Kathy O'Reilly, Henry O’Reilly Trust

KD Feeback

Keith Lenard, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation

Kelly Flynn, Goldwest

Kelly Flynn, Hidden Hollow Hideaway Ranch

Kelly Ingalls, Round Grove Ranch

Kelly Leo

Ken & Pat Peterson

Ken Gardner

Ken Krause

Ken Quimby

Ken Wallace, Wild Divide Chapter of MWA

Kim Davitt American Wildlands

Kim Gray 

Kim Wilson

Kipp and Betty Kazda

Kurt Vandervalk

L& Commissioners, Cascade County

L. F. Schombel

Larry Copenhaver, Montana Wildlife Federation

Larry Phillips

Larry Wismer, 

Last Chance Back Country Horseman

Laurel Schubert

Lauren Buckley, Wild West Institute

Laurie Erban, North Ranch

Laurie Maughan
Chapter 4 – Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Statement

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Laurie, Walter and Alice Bennett

Lawrence and Carol McEvoy

Leo Sera

Leonard Eckel

Leslie and Eldon O'Neil

Leslie Heisey 

Lewis Zundel

Lincoln Springs Homeowners Association

Lloyd Riggins

Lois Delger-DeMars, Montana Land Reliance

Lonnie and Elizabeth Cook

Loren Davis

Loretta Kelly

Louie Bouma

Louisa Rothfus

Lowell C. Anderson

Lucille Gardella 

Lyle and Pat Myers

Lynn and Jeannee Dickey

Lynne Lansdon

Marc and Rose Kneedler

Marilyn C. Webber

Mark and Joy Aquino

Mark Krpan, Krpan Logging

Mark S. Ryckman

Marshall & Carol Sewell

Martin Clark

Marvin & Kathy Reeve, Ponderosa Snow Warriors

Marvin P. Love

Mary Anne Guggenheim & Jan Donaldson

Mathew Kmon

Matt Clifford, Trout Unlimited

Melanie Delorenzo

Merry J. Johnson

Michael and Joyce Ferguson 

Michael and Nancy Schmauch

Michael Brown, Graymont Western US, Inc.

Michael Garrity, Executive Director, Alliance for 

the Wild Rockies

Michael Hall

Michael Hayes

Michael Oke 

Mike and Brenda Sperry

Mike Bertram

Mike Clark, Helena Snowdrifters

Mike Day

Mike Grimes

Mike Henry

Mike R. Benson

Milton Coty

Miner Lea

Mitchell Hegman

Monte and Mary Ellen Schnur

Mr. and Mrs. Merten Freyholtz, Sweetgrass Hills 

Protective Assoc.

Mr. W. Greiner

Nancy Larson

Nancy Pitblado

Nellie and James Harris

Nelson and Suzy Wert

Newton L. Sloan

Norm Peters

Orrin Johnson

Pam and Ron Boggs

Pat Helvey

Patrick Miller, PFM Manufacturing, Inc.

Patrick Shiels 

Paul and Becky Donaldson

Paul and Vicki Kent

Paul Antonioli

Paul Edwards

Paul Leite

Paul Richards, Southwest Montana Wildlands 

Alliance

Paul Roos

Paul Sharon 

Paul Updike

Paula Ward and Bruce Ward, Continental Divide 

Trail Alliance

Pauline Webb, Ag In The Classroom 

Pete and Maureen Strazdas

Pete Feigley

Peter J. Sulluran

Phil Henault

Philip and Terry Rose

Philip D. Pallister, Jaybird Ranch

Phyl Miller

Public Lands Access Association

R. J. Berger

Ralph A. Jackson

Ralph Boland

Ralph Strom

Ralph Visconti

Randy and Carrie Chambers

Randy Moorman, Earth Justice

Ray Smith

Raymond G. Bayles

Raymond Geist
Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

657

Raymond Heinrich

Richard and Barbara Debick

Richard and Mathew Diehl, Winston Livestock Co.

Richard and Barbara Debick

Richard Byron

Richard Juntunen, Resource Management 

Associates

Richard Michalski

Richard Stoltz

Richard Thieltges

Rick Walsh, Northwestern Energy

Rita and Bob Cartright

Rob Roberts, Trout Unlimited

Robert and Ruth Champion

Robert and Sylvia Love

Robert and Vicki Cleereman 

Robert Berry

Robert Cobban, Cobban Ranch

Robert D. Nelson

Robert E. Zucconi

Robert Mares

Robert Mullenix

Robert P. Kunz

Robert Ray, 

Robert Ruthmeyer

Robert Tomich

Robert W. Ringler

Robert Zadick

Rock Ringling, Montana Land Reliance 

Rocky Yuricic

Roger and Cindy Sanderson

Ron Cheever

Ron Malecki

Ron Peaslee

Ron Stipcich

Ronald and Darlene Bey 

Ronald Willden

Rose Baum, Baum Ranch LLC

Roy Rasmussen 

Russ Alm

Russ Sisk

Russell Gowen, Lisara Corporation

Ryen Aasheim

S.J. Maras

Sara Jane Johnson, Native Ecosystems Council

Scott and Joan Tabbert

Scott Black

Scott Brennan

Scott Stoner

Sharon Harvey, Allied Mfg.

Sharon Paul

Shawn Eva

Stan Frasier, Helena Hunters and Anglers Assoc.

Stanley and Nikki Williams 

Stephan Dicomitis

Stephen and Nancy Copenhaver

Stephen Nowak

Stephen R. Granzow

Stephen Wallace

Steve Dempsey

Steve Grotbo 

Steve Joy

Steve Kologi

Steve Marks, Marks Lumber

Steve Platt 

Steve Tokarski

Steven and Mary Stocks 

Steven Kloetzel

Stuart Klein

Susan and Nule Howsmon, BVD

Susan Bjerke

Susan Gepstein and Spencer Shrophire

Susan Hall

Susan Murphy 

Susanne and Kurt Jones

Ted and Deb Flynn

Ted Schuele

Teresa Hastings

Terry Copenhaver

Terry Lindsay, Lindsay Drilling Company

The Nature Conservancy 

Thomas Benson 

Thomas E. Hattersley Sr., Sky Top Ranch

Thomas J. Williams

Thomas R. Kindrick

Thorne and Linda Silverberg

Tim and Karen Anderson 

Tim M. Reilly

Tim Oke

Tim Ravndal, Montana Multiple Use Assoc.

Timothy J. Meloy, Elk Horn Citizens Organization

Timothy L. Hartwell

Tom and Caroline Hattersley

Tom Cotter

Tom Dawson

Tom England

Tom Futral, Wildfire Solutions

Tom Kilmer
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Tom Lanning RPG Properties LLC

Tom O'Donnell, G and O Partnership

Tom Osborne

Tom Russ, 4R Ranch

Tracey Fortner

Tracy Stone-Manning, Clark Fork Coalition

Tyler Myrstol, Myrstol Logging

Vince Thompson, Thompson & Thompson Ranch

Virgil Binkley

W. H. Warren

W. L. Olsen, Broadwater Rod & Gun Club

Walt Scott

Ward Kemmer

William Allen

William and Charron Mee 

William and Michelle Devine 

William J. & Shirley A. Lambeth

William P. Cooper, Free Enterprize

William P. Gruber, Gruber Excavating, Inc.

William R. Lane

William Rockwell, Broadwater Rod & Gun Club

Willis Hossfeld Jr.

Youderian Family LLC

Distribution of the Environmental Impact Statement 

This environmental impact statement has been distributed to individuals who specifically requested a 

copy of the document. In addition, copies have been sent to Federal agencies, federally recognized 

tribes, State and local governments, and organizations representing a wide range of views. 
Stonewall Vegetation Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement – Chapter 4

659

References 

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National Forests and Grasslands of Montana, Idaho, North Dakota and South Dakota in Regions 1 

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Acheson, Ann; Stanich, Charles; Story, Mark. 2000. Describing Air Resource Impacts from Prescribed 

Fire Projects in NEPA Documents for Montana and Idaho in Region 1 and Region 4. 

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Agee, J. K. 1998. The landscape ecology of western forest fire regimes. Northwest Science 72(Special 

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Agee, J. K. and C.N. Skinner 2005. Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments, Forest Ecology 

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Amacher, A.J., R.H. Barrett, J.J. Moghaddas and S.L. Stephens. 2008. Preliminary effects of fire and 

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Amell, L. and Klug, P. 2013. Stonewall Vegetation Project Atmospheric Carbon Report. U. S. Department 

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Glossary 

Active Crown Fire – The surface fire ignites crowns and the fire spread is able to propagate 

through the tree canopy 

Background – The distant part of a landscape, picture, etc.: surroundings, especially those behind 

something and providing harmony or contrast: surrounding area or surface. Area located from 3-5 

miles to infinity from the viewer. (USDA Forest Service 1974, page 44.) 

Broadcast burning – Allowing a prescribed fire to burn over a designated area within welldefined boundaries for reduction of fuel hazard, as a resource management treatment, or both. 

Burn severity – A qualitative assessment of the heat pulse directed toward the ground during a 

fire. Burn severity relates to soil heating, large fuel and duff consumption, consumption of the 

litter and organic layer beneath trees and isolated shrubs, and mortality of buried plant parts. 

Closure – Roadway blockade to restrict motor vehicle traffic. 

Color - A phenomenon of light (as red, brown. pink, etc.) or visual perception that enables one to 

differentiate otherwise Identical objects. A hue as contrasted with black, white, or gray. (USDA 

Forest Service 1974, page 44.) 

Danger tree – A standing tree that presents a hazard to people due to conditions such as 

deterioration of or damage to the root system, trunk, stem, or limbs or the direction or lean of the 

tree

Distance Zones – Areas of landscape denoted by specific distances from the observer. Used as a 

frame of reference in which to discuss landscape characteristics or activities of man. (USDA 

Forest Service 1974, page 44.) 

Existing visual condition – Current state of the landscape, considering previous human 

alterations. (USDA Forest Service 1995, Glossary-2) 

Foreground – The detailed landscape found within 0 to 1⁄4 - 1⁄2 from the observer. (USDA Forest 

Service 1974, page 45) 

Forest road - A road wholly or partly within or adjacent to and serving the National Forest 

System that the Forest Service determines is necessary for the protection, administration, and 

utilization of the National Forest System and the use and development of its resources.

Forest transportation atlas – A display of the system of roads, trails, and airfields of an 

administrative unit 

Forest transportation system – The system of National Forest System roads, National Forest 

System trails, and airfields on National Forest System lands 

Form – The shape or structure of something as opposed to the material of which it is composed. 

(USDA Forest Service 1974, page 45) 

Goal – A concise statement that describes a desired condition to be achieved sometime in the 

future. It is normally expressed in broad, general terms and is timeless in that it has no specific 

date by which it is to be completed. Goal statements form the principle basis from which 

objectives are developed. (USDA Forest Service 1986, p. Glossary VI-4) 
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726

Line – An intersection of two planes; a point that has been extended; a silhouette of a form 

(USDA Forest Service 1974, page 45) 

Low Severity Fire – Any surface fire replacing less than 25 percent of the dominant upper 

canopy layer in a succession class; as a result, low severity fires can open or maintain a given 

succession class.

Maintenance – The upkeep of the entire Forest transportation facility including surface and 

shoulders, parking and side areas, structures, and such traffic-control devices as are necessary for 

its safe and efficient utilization.

Management Standards – A principle requiring a specific level of attainment; a rule to measure 

against. (USDA Forest Service 1986, p. Glossary VI-6)

Maximum Modification – A VQO meaning man’s activity may dominate the characteristic 

landscape, but should appear as a natural occurrence when viewed as background. (USDA Forest 

Service 1986, p. Glossary VI-18) 

Middleground – The space between the foreground and background in a picture or landscape.

The area located from 1⁄4-1⁄2 to3-5 miles from viewer (USDA Forest Service 1974, page 45.) 

Mixed-severity fire – A generally broad fire severity classification that refers to fire effects 

intermediate between the low severity and replacement severity ends of the fire regimes 

continuum. For FRCC purposes, mixed-severity fires refer to fires producing between 25 and 75 

percent upper-layer replacement during a given event. Mixed-severity fires can open or maintain 

a succession class.

Modification – A VQO meaning man’s activity may dominate the characteristic landscape, but 

must, at the same time, use naturally established form, line, color, and texture. It should appear as 

a natural occurrence when viewed in foreground or middleground. (USDA Forest Service 1986, 

p. Glossary VI-18)

Mosaic fire – Generally refers to mixed-severity fires. However, the term can be problematic 

because other fire severity types can produce landscape mosaic patterns composed of a mix of 

burned and unburned patches. Accordingly, more-precise terms such as low, mixed, or 

replacement fire may be better terms for describing fire regimes for multiple analysis scales.

National Forest System road – A forest road other than a road which has been authorized by a 

legally documented right-of-way held by a State, county, or other local public road authority. 

Objective – A concise, time-specific statement of measurable planned results that respond to preestablished goals. An objective forms the basis for further planning to define the precise steps to 

be taken and the resources to be used in achieving identified goals. (USDA Forest Service 1986, 

p. Glossary VI-9) 

Partial Retention – A VQO that in general means man’s activities may be evident but must 

remain subordinate to the characteristic landscape (USDA Forest Service 1986, p. Glossary VI18) 

Passive Crown Fire – Consuming single or small groups of trees or bushes. 
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727

Prescribed burning – Controlled application of fire to wildland fuels in either their natural or 

modified state, under specified environmental conditions that allows the fire to be confined to a 

predetermined area, and produce the fire behavior and fire characteristics required to attain 

planned fire treatment and resource management objectives.

Prescribed fire – An intentionally or naturally ignited fire that burns under specified conditions 

that allow the fire to be confined to a predetermined area and produce the fire behavior and fire 

characteristics required to attain planned fire treatment and resource management objectives.

Rehabilitation – A short-term management alternative used to return existing visual impacts in 

the natural landscape to a desired visual quality (USDA Forest Service 1974, page 45.) 

Retention – A VQO that in general means man’s activities are not evident to the casual Forest 

visitor. (USDA Forest Service 1986, p. Glossary VI-18) 

Road – A motor vehicle route over 50 inches wide, unless identified and managed as a trail.

Road decommissioning – Activities that result in the stabilization and restoration of unneeded 

roads to a more natural state. 

Road obliteration – A type of road decommissioning in which the road prism is recontoured;, cut 

and fill slopes are restored to natural grades; and slash, stumps, and woody debris is placed on top 

of the corridor to effectively block vehicle travel.

Roaded Modified – A subclass of Roaded Natural that has typically been defined as areas 

exhibiting evidence of Forest management activities that are dominant on the landscape (USDA 

Forest Service 2003). 

Roaded Natural – A classification of the recreation opportunity spectrum where timber harvest 

or other surface-use practices are evident. Motorized vehicles are permitted on all parts of the 

road system (USDA Forest Service 1986).

Roads built then obliterated immediately following timber removal - A short-term road 

constructed solely for use as a project haul route; the road is then decommissioned by obliteration 

as soon as timber management activities are completed

Seen Area – Total area observed. May be measured in terms of foreground, middleground, and 

background (USDA Forest Service 1974, page 46.) 

Semi-Primitive – A classification of recreation opportunity spectrum that characterizes a 

predominately natural or natural appearing environment of a moderate to large size. 

Concentration of users is low, but there is often evidence of other area users. The area is managed 

in such a way that minimum onsite controls and restrictions may be present, but subtle. In areas 

designated as Semi-Primitive Motorized, motorized use may occur on primitive roads and 

motorized trails. 

Subordinate – Inferior to or place below another in size, brightness, etc.; secondary in visual 

impact (USDA Forest Service 1974, page 46.) 

Surface Fire – Fire that burns loose debris on the surface, which include dead branches, leaves, 

and low vegetation. Surface fire burns only in the surface fuelbed. 
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728

Surface Fuels – Fuels that contact the surface of the ground, consisting of leaf and needle litter, 

dead branch material, downed logs, bark, tree cones, and low stature living plants. 

Texture – The visual or tactile surface or characteristics of something. (USDA Forest Service 

1974, page 46.) 

Underburning – Prescribed burning in activity-created or natural fuels beneath a forest canopy, 

usually with the objective of preserving the dominant over story trees.

Visual Quality Objectives (VQO) – A desired level of excellence based on physical and 

sociological characteristics of an area. Refers to the degree of acceptable alteration of the 

characteristic landscape. (USDA Forest Service 1986, p. Glossary VI-18) 
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729

Index 

A

Air Quality, x, xxviii, 5, 45, 67, 204, 205, 208, 575, 577, 

650, 717

Alternative 1, iv, vii, viii, xv, xxii, xxiv, xxv, xxxiv, xxxvi, 

35, 64, 65, 72, 80, 82, 83, 130, 156, 157, 158, 159, 

161, 164, 177, 189, 209, 230, 319, 328, 344, 345, 

346, 349, 350, 352, 354, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 

363, 365, 367, 371, 372, 382, 391, 397, 398, 406, 

410, 411, 413, 417, 419, 420, 422, 423, 426, 428, 

429, 433, 436, 438, 442, 444, 446, 450, 451, 452, 

454, 468, 469, 474, 482, 486, 492, 511, 541, 549, 

561, 565, 572, 573, 579, 596, 601, 615, 629, 638, 

639, 641

Alternative 2, i, iv, viii, ix, xv, xvi, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, 

xxvii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, xxxix, 26, 35, 

39, 41, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 65, 66, 72, 73, 80, 

81, 83, 84, 85, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 

141, 147, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165, 190, 191, 

193, 196, 199, 211, 212, 231, 232, 319, 344, 346, 

357, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 366, 371, 372, 382, 

383, 391, 392, 400, 401, 414, 421, 424, 427, 430, 

432, 433, 434, 435, 439, 440, 441, 443, 444, 446, 

447, 448, 450, 454, 456, 458, 470, 484, 486, 492, 

511, 518, 519, 524, 545, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 

565, 573, 575, 579, 596, 597, 615, 630, 639, 641, 

642, 643

Alternative 3, i, iv, viii, xv, xvi, xxii, xxvii, xxxv, xxxvii, 

xxxviii, xxxix, 41, 43, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 59, 

65, 72, 73, 80, 83, 85, 143, 144, 147, 148, 151, 152, 

153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 168, 171, 

190, 192, 193, 200, 202, 211, 236, 237, 238, 319, 

344, 347, 361, 363, 371, 372, 374, 382, 383, 391, 

393, 400, 401, 403, 414, 421, 424, 430, 432, 433, 

435, 439, 440, 443, 446, 447, 450, 454, 458, 470, 

485, 486, 492, 511, 524, 529, 547, 548, 549, 550, 

576, 577, 578, 599, 600, 622, 630, 639, 641, 642, 

643 

Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed 

Study, 61

Aspen, vii, xxxix, 17, 37, 56, 64, 118, 121, 131, 132, 

139, 153, 156, 192, 251, 255, 256, 316, 317, 320, 

358, 389, 611, 613, 670, 672, 683, 695

B

Beaver Creek, i, ii, xix, xxiii, xxiv, xxxix, 56, 77, 81, 82, 

249, 256, 278, 282, 288, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 

309, 310, 311, 326, 341, 379, 389, 450, 451, 452, 

453, 454, 456, 457, 459, 534, 535, 536, 538, 539, 

540, 542, 543, 544, 548, 549, 550, 551, 553, 554, 

555, 557, 558, 559, 560, 567, 569, 592, 594

Biophysical Settings, viii, xxviii, xxxv, 12, 18, 65, 104, 

120, 130, 132, 138, 151, 160, 175, 176, 244, 321

BpS, viii, xxviii, xxxiv, xxxv, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 

65, 91, 92, 104, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 

128, 129, 130, 138, 151, 158, 160, 175

C

Critical Habitat, xii, xv, 69, 72, 246, 265, 394, 396, 718, 

719 

Cultural, xxvi, xxxvii, 84, 626, 629, 667, 686

D

Decision Framework, vi, 28

E

Economics, 632, 640, 670, 673, 692

Elk, xii, xiv, xix, xxxvi, xxxix, 56, 69, 71, 77, 243, 246, 

247, 248, 250, 260, 277, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 

307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 326, 339, 449, 450, 451, 

454, 456, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 

467, 496, 595, 599, 655, 657, 668, 669, 681, 

689,694, 696, 703, 707, 709, 710, 719, 721

F

Fire and Fuels, ix, 66, 91, 172, 244, 250, 645, 702

Fisheries, 49, 552, 553, 649, 668, 669, 676, 680, 682, 

691, 699, 701, 720, 721

FRCC, xxviii, xxxv, 12, 16, 89, 92, 104, 118, 173, 175, 

176, 177, 197, 252, 676, 679, 695, 726

G

Goshawk, xiii, xviii, xxxvi, 56, 70, 76, 247, 248, 250, 

278, 284, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 301, 325, 

428, 429, 430, 432, 436, 666, 679, 683, 702, 707, 

711, 723

Grizzly, xii, xiii, xv, xxxvi, 57, 69, 70, 72, 246, 248, 249, 

269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 322, 397, 398, 401, 402, 

405, 680, 690, 694, 695, 696, 718, 720, 722, 723

H

Habitats of Special Concern, xi, 68, 215

Hydrology, 7, 516, 529, 562, 563, 649, 680, 689, 691, 

710, 711

I

Index, 709, 717, 729

INFISH, xxviii, xxxviii, 8, 35, 41, 51, 58, 59, 320, 338, 

341, 374, 376, 380, 389, 401, 415, 426, 427, 454, 

462, 464, 466, 470, 471, 473, 474, 538, 555, 563, 

712, 713
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730

Inventoried Roadless, i, iv, xxv, xxviii, xxxvii, 35, 41, 

83, 243, 339, 567, 580, 582, 587, 591, 598, 602, 

720 

IRA, i, iv, xxv, xxviii, xxxvii, xl, 35, 83, 576, 580, 585, 

587, 589, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 597, 598, 599, 

600, 601, 602, 612, 613, 614

Issues, ii, xii, 29, 31, 69, 91, 163, 173, 203, 205, 246, 

270, 479, 495, 504, 535, 552, 567, 580, 603, 627, 

689, 722

K

Keep Cool Creek, i, ii, xxiii, xxiv, 81, 82, 305, 306, 307, 

309, 341, 389, 450, 451, 453, 454, 457, 459, 534, 

535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 543, 544, 548, 549, 550, 

551, 553, 554, 557, 559, 560, 567

L

Lincoln Creek, xxiii, 53, 81, 534, 535, 537, 538, 540, 

541, 542, 543, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 562

Lynx, iii, xii, xiii, xv, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxix, 8, 29, 57, 

69, 70, 72, 243, 246, 248, 249, 261, 262, 263, 265, 

266, 269, 321, 339, 367, 371, 381, 382, 392, 393, 

396, 668, 677, 702, 703, 708, 711, 714, 715, 718

M

Management Area, xxxiv, xxxv, 9, 89, 167, 168, 170, 

171, 200, 215, 270, 462, 464, 466, 473, 474, 580, 

589, 602, 613, 664

Management indicator species, 287

Methodology, 89, 162, 172, 204, 215, 241, 250, 261, 

269, 274, 278, 281, 282, 284, 286, 287, 289, 297, 

300, 301, 302, 311, 315, 318, 477, 494, 502, 529, 

568, 583, 591, 603, 605, 615, 627, 632

Migratory birds, 4, 315, 474

MIS, iii, iv, 29, 41, 56, 240, 241, 242, 248, 287, 288, 

290, 317, 348, 351, 552, 553, 561

Monitoring, 60, 250, 270, 316, 502, 503, 513, 516, 

517, 518, 569, 641, 663, 689, 694, 697, 713, 714, 

715, 719, 720

Mule deer, xxxix, 311, 312, 313, 314, 469, 472, 676, 

686 

N

Noxious weeds, 7, 481, 483, 496, 500, 514, 650

O

Old growth, 218, 287, 288, 325, 661, 662

P

Project design feature, xxi, xxv, xxvi, xxxiv, 8, 35, 41, 

45, 79, 83, 84, 167, 191, 318, 327, 329, 484, 492, 

498, 512, 514, 517, 518, 545, 562, 573, 574, 577, 

579, 597, 601, 616, 630, 631

R

Recreation, xxv, xxxix, 47, 63, 83, 341, 516, 567, 568, 

570, 571, 572, 575, 578, 580, 585, 594, 602, 609, 

613, 649, 650, 676, 717, 720

Riparian, xxxvii, 12, 51, 250, 254, 255, 310, 316, 317, 

320, 354, 401, 402, 403, 415, 534, 540, 544, 550, 

563, 700, 709

S

Scenery, 603, 609, 613, 717

Sensitive species, 241, 475

Snag, xi, xxxv, xxxvi, 68, 215, 219, 221, 229, 231, 236, 

244, 251, 258, 287, 299, 300, 317, 320, 345, 361, 

660, 667, 703, 713, 715, 716

Soil, xxiii, xxviii, xxxvii, 49, 52, 81, 356, 478, 502, 504, 

505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 514, 515, 519, 520, 524, 

525, 530, 532, 649, 650, 661, 668, 672, 675, 676, 

677, 678, 679, 685, 686, 687, 690, 696, 697, 700, 

705, 719, 720, 722

T

Threatened and Endangered, xiii, xv, 70, 72, 241, 246, 

248, 261, 367

Transportation, ix, xxxviii, 48, 66, 162, 164, 166, 168, 

169, 171, 504, 535, 552, 563, 621, 626, 651, 673, 

680, 721

W

Whitebark pine, xxii, 17, 18, 37, 80, 99, 119, 121, 141, 

154, 157, 192, 253, 254, 322, 352, 353, 397, 475, 

477, 478, 479, 481, 483, 484, 491, 492, 493, 661, 

662, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 694, 697, 710, 711, 

716