Exhibit 4.5


 


ACURA
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


 


INDENTURE


 


Dated as of ________________ __, 20__


 


[Name of Trustee]


Trustee


 




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TABLE OF CONTENTS


 


	 	Page
	ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE	1
	 	 
	Section 1.1. Definitions	1
	Section 1.2. Other Definitions	4
	Section 1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act	5
	Section 1.4. Rules of Construction	5
	 	 
	ARTICLE II. THE SECURITIES	6
	 	 
	Section 2.1. Issuable in Series	6
	Section 2.2. Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities	6
	Section 2.3. Execution and Authentication	8
	Section 2.4. Registrar and Paying Agent	9
	Section 2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust	10
	Section 2.6. Securityholder Lists	10
	Section 2.7. Transfer and Exchange	11
	Section 2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities	11
	Section 2.9. Outstanding Securities	12
	Section 2.10 Treasury Securities	12
	Section 2.11 Temporary Securities	13
	Section 2.12 Cancellation	13
	Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest	13
	Section 2.14 Global Securities	13
	Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers	15
	 	 
	ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION	15
	 	 
	Section 3.1. Notice to Trustee	15
	Section 3.2. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed	16
	Section 3.3. Notice of Redemption	16
	Section 3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption	17
	Section 3.5. Deposit of Redemption Price	17
	Section 3.6. Securities Redeemed in Part	17
	 	 
	ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS	17
	 	 
	Section 4.1. Payment of Principal and Interest	17
	Section 4.2. SEC Reports	18
	Section 4.3. Compliance Certificate	18
	Section 4.4. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	18


 




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	ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS	18
	 	 
	Section 5.1. When Company May Merge, Etc.	18
	Section 5.2. Successor Corporation Substituted	19
	 	 
	ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES	19
	 	 
	Section 6.1. Events of Default	19
	Section 6.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment	21
	Section 6.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee	21
	Section 6.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim	23
	Section 6.5. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities	23
	Section 6.6. Application of Money Collected	23
	Section 6.7. Limitation on Suits	23
	Section 6.8. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest	24
	Section 6.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies	24
	Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative	24
	Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver	25
	Section 6.12 Control by Holders	25
	Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults	25
	Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs	26
	 	 
	ARTICLE VII. TRUSTEE	26
	 	 
	Section 7.1. Duties of Trustee	26
	Section 7.2. Rights of Trustee	27
	Section 7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee	29
	Section 7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer	29
	Section 7.5. Notice of Defaults	29
	Section 7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders	29
	Section 7.7. Compensation and Indemnity	29
	Section 7.8. Replacement of Trustee	30
	Section 7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.	31
	Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification	31
	Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company	31
	 	 
	ARTICLE VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE	32
	 	 
	Section 8.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture	32
	Section 8.2. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification	33
	Section 8.3. Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series	33
	Section 8.4. Covenant Defeasance	35
	Section 8.5. Repayment to Company	36
	Section 8.6. Reinstatement	36


 




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	ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS	37
	 	 
	Section 9.1.Without Consent of Holders	37
	Section 9.2.With Consent of Holders	38
	Section 9.3. Limitations	38
	Section 9.4. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act	39
	Section 9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents	39
	Section 9.6. Notation on or Exchange of Securities	39
	Section 9.7. Trustee Protected	40
	 	 
	ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS	40
	 	 
	Section 10.1. Trust Indenture Act Controls	40
	Section 10.2. Notices	40
	Section 10.3. Communication by Holders with Other Holders	41
	Section 10.4. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent	41
	Section 10.5. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion	41
	Section 10.6. Rules by Trustee and Agents	42
	Section 10.7. Legal Holidays	42
	Section 10.8. No Recourse Against Others	42
	Section 10.9. Counterparts	42
	Section 10.10. Governing Law	43
	Section 10.11. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements	43
	Section 10.12. Successors	43
	Section 10.13. Severability	43
	Section 10.14. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.	43
	Section 10.15. Securities in a Foreign Currency	43
	Section 10.16. Judgment Currency	44
	Section 10.17. Force Majeure	44
	 	 
	ARTICLE XI. SINKING FUNDS	45
	 	 
	Section 11.1. Applicability of Article	45
	Section 11.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities	45
	Section 11.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund	46


 




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Reconciliation and tie
between Trust Indenture Act of 1939


and Indenture, dated
as of    , 20


 


	Section 310(a)(1)	7.10
	(a)(2)	7.10
	(a)(3)	Not Applicable
	(a)(4)	Not Applicable
	(a)(5)	7.10
	(b)	7.10
	Section 311(a)	7.11
	(b)	7.11
	(c)	Not Applicable
	Section 312(a)	2.6
	(b)	10.3
	(c)	10.3
	Section 313(a)	7.6
	(b)(1)	7.6
	(b)(2)	7.6
	(c)(1)	7.6
	(d)	7.6
	Section 314(a)	4.2, 10.5
	(b)	Not Applicable
	(c)(1)	10.4
	(c)(2)	10.4
	(c)(3)	Not Applicable
	(d)	Not Applicable
	(e)	10.5
	(f)	Not Applicable
	Section 315(a)	7.1
	(b)	7.5
	(c)	7.1
	(d)	7.1
	(e)	6.14
	Section 316(a)	2.10
	(a)(1)(A)	6.12
	(a)(1)(B)	6.13
	(b)	6.8
	Section 317(a)(1)	6.3
	(a)(2)	6.4
	(b)	2.5
	Section 318(a)	10.1




 





 



Note: This reconciliation and tie, shall
not for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.


 




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Indenture dated as of             ,
     20     between Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a New York corporation
(“Company”), and [Name of Trustee], a (“Trustee”).


 


Each party agrees as follows for the benefit
of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.


 


ARTICLE I.


 


DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE


 


Section 1.1. Definitions.


 


"Additional
Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein
or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are
owing to such Holders.


 


"Affiliate"
of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control
with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the
terms "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the
possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person,
whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.


 


“Agent” means
any Registrar, Paying Agent, or Notice Agent.


 


“Board of
Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.


 


“Board Resolution”
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the
Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the
certificate and delivered to the Trustee.


 


“Business
Day” means, unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for
a particular Series, any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York, New York (or in connection with
any payment, the place of payment) on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order
to close.


 


“Capital Stock”
means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock, "Company"
means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.


 




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“Company Order”
means a written order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer.


 


“Corporate
Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business related to
this Indenture shall be principally administered.


 


“Default”
means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.


 


“Depositary”
means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered
under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the
Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.


 


“Discount
Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and
payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


“Dollars”
and “$” means the currency of The United States of America.


 


“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


 


“Foreign Currency”
means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.


 


“Foreign Government
Obligations” means with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations
of, or obligations guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations
its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.


 


“GAAP”
means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements
of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements
of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant
segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect as of the date of determination.


 


“Global Security”
or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant
to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered
in the name of such Depositary or nominee.


 




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"Holder”
or “Securityholder” means a person
in whose name a Security is registered.


 


“Indenture”
means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series
of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.


 


“interest”
with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.


 


“Maturity”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein
or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.


 


“Officer”
means the Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary
or any Assistant Secretary, and any Vice President of the Company.


 


“Officer's
Certificate” means a certificate signed by any Officer.


 


“Opinion of
Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of
or counsel to the Company.


 


“person”
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.


 


“principal”
of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts
in respect of, the Security.


 


“Responsible
Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having responsibility for administration of this
Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter
is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.


 


“SEC”
means the Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Securities”
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.


 


“Series”
or “Series of Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company
created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof.


 


“Stated Maturity”
when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal
of such Security or interest is due and payable.


 




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“Subsidiary”
of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting
power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors,
managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other
Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof.


 


“TIA”
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture;
provided , however , that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "TIA"
means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.


 


“Trustee”
means the person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall
have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include
each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Trustee" as used
with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.


 


“U.S.
Government Obligations” means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, The United States of America
for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer
thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S.
Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian
for the account of the holder of a depositary receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized
to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian
in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.


 


Section 1.2. Other
Definitions.


 


	Term	 	Defined in

    Section
	“Bankruptcy Law”	 	6.1
	“Custodian”	 	6.1
	“Event of Default”	 	6.1
	“Judgment Currency”	 	10.16
	“Legal Holiday”	 	10.7
	“mandatory sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“Market Exchange Rate”	 	10.15
	“New York Banking Day”	 	10.16
	“Notice Agent”	 	2.4
	“optional sinking fund payment”	 	11.1
	“Paying Agent”	 	2.4
	“Registrar”	 	2.4
	“Required Currency”	 	10.16
	“successor person”	 	5.1


 




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Section
1.3. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.


 


Whenever this Indenture
refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following
TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:


 


"Commission” means
the SEC.


 


"indenture securities”
means the Securities.


 


"indenture security
holder” means a Securityholder.


 


"indenture to be qualified”
means this Indenture.


 


"indenture trustee”
or "institutional trustee” means the Trustee.


 


"obligor” on
the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.


 


All other terms used
in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA
and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.


 


Section 1.4. Rules
of Construction.


 


Unless the context otherwise
requires:


 


		(a)	a term has the meaning assigned to it;



 


		(b)	an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;



 


		(c)	"or" is not exclusive;



 


		(d)	words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and



 


		(e)	provisions apply to successive events and transactions.



 




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ARTICLE II.

THE SECURITIES


 


Section 2.1. Issuable in Series.


 


The aggregate principal
amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided
in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officer's Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to
authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution,
Officer's Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under
a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date
from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided
that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.


 


Section 2.2. Establishment
of Terms of Series of Securities.


 


At or prior to the
issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection
2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through
2.2.23) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental
indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate:


 


2.2.1. the title (which
shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including the
terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series;


 


2.2.2. the price or prices
(expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;


 


2.2.3. any limit upon
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except
for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of the Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);


 


2.2.4. the date or dates
on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;


 


2.2.5. the rate or rates
(which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not
limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall
bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest,
if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;


 




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2.2.6. the place or places
where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series
may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of
the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or
other means;


 


2.2.7. if applicable,
the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the
Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;


 


2.2.8. the obligation,
if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;


 


2.2.9. the dates, if
any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of
the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;


 


2.2.10. if other than
denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;


 


2.2.11. the forms of
the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;


 


2.2.12. if other than
the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration
of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;


 


2.2.13. the currency
of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination
is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;


 


2.2.14. the designation
of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the
Series will be made;


 


2.2.15. if payments of
principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other
than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments
will be determined;


 


2.2.16. the manner in
which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts
may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock
exchange index or financial index;


 




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2.2.17. the provisions,
if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;


 


2.2.18. any addition
to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of
the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section
6.2;


 


2.2.19. any addition
to, deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;


 


2.2.20. any Depositaries,
interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if
other than those appointed herein;


 


2.2.21. the provisions,
if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange
price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the
Holders thereof or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and
provisions affecting conversion or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed;


 


2.2.22. any other terms
of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series), including
any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
of that Series.


 


2.2.23. whether any of
the Company’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination,
if any, of such guarantees.


 


All Securities of
any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture,
if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate referred to above.


 


Section 2.3. Execution and
Authentication.


 


An Officer shall sign
the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature.


 


If an Officer whose
signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless
be valid.


 




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A Security shall not
be valid until authenticated by the manual or facsimile signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall
be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture.


 


The Trustee shall at
any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be
dated the date of its authentication.


 


The aggregate principal
amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such
Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section
2.2, except as provided in Section 2.8.


 


Prior to the issuance
of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on:
(a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that
Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series,
(b) an Officer's Certificate complying with Section 10.4, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.4.


 


The Trustee shall
have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel,
determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith by its board of directors or trustees,
executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or vice-presidents or a committee of Responsible Officers shall determine
that such action would expose the Trustee to personal liability to Holders of any then outstanding Series of Securities.


 


The Trustee may appoint
an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities
whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such
agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.


 


Section 2.4. Registrar and
Paying Agent.


 


The Company shall maintain,
with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2,
an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment ("Paying Agent"),
where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange ("Registrar") and
where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered
("Notice Agent"). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer
and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or
address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee
as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.


 




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The Company may also
from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and may from time to
time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve
the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section
2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation
or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent.
The term "Registrar" includes any co-registrar; the term "Paying Agent" includes any
additional paying agent; and the term "Notice Agent" includes any additional notice agent. The Company or any
of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.


 


The Company hereby
appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent
or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.


 


Section 2.5. Paying Agent
to Hold Money in Trust.


 


The Company shall require
each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Securityholders
of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on
the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While
any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any
time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent
(if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Securityholders of
any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect
to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities.


 


Section 2.6. Securityholder
Lists.


 


The Trustee shall preserve
in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders
of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request
in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Securityholders
of each Series of Securities.


 




    	 	10	



     


    

 


Section 2.7. Transfer and
Exchange.


 


Where Securities of
a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal
principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements
for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at
the Registrar's request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly
permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge
payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant
to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).


 


Neither the Company
nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period
beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of
that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, or (b) to register the
transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being
redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.


 


Section 2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed,
Lost and Stolen Securities


 


If any mutilated Security
is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.


 


If there shall be
delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and
(ii) such security or indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in
the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company
shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed,
lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding.


 


In case any such mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead
of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.


 


Upon the issuance
of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith.


 




    	 	11	



     


    

 


Every new Security
of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional
contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by
anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities
of that Series duly issued hereunder.


 


The provisions of
this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.


 


Section 2.9. Outstanding Securities.


 


The Securities outstanding
at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation,
those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those
described in this Section as not outstanding.


 


If a Security is replaced
pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security
is held by a bona fide purchaser.


 


If the Paying Agent
(other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series
money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to
be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue.


 


The Company may purchase
or otherwise acquire the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions, or otherwise. A Security does not
cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section 2.10 below).


 


In determining whether
the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such
purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.


 


Section 2.10. Treasury Securities.


 


In determining whether
the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except
that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall
be so disregarded.


 




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Section 2.11. Temporary Securities.


 


Until definitive Securities
are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary
Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate
for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order
shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so
exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.


 


Section 2.12. Cancellation.


 


The Company at any
time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any
Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered
for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities (subject to the record
retention requirement of the Exchange Act and the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written
request of the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation.


 


Section 2.13. Defaulted Interest.


 


If the Company defaults
in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law,
any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Securityholders of the Series on a subsequent special record
date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least 10 days before the special record date, the Company shall
mail to the Trustee and to each Securityholder of the Series a notice that states the special record date, the payment date and
the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.


 


Section 2.14. Global Securities.


 


2.14.1. Terms of Securities.
A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer's Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series
shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or
Securities.


 




    	 	13	



     


    

 


2.14.2. Transfer and
Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto,
any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders
other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling
or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered
under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency
under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate
to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding
sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate
principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.


 


Except as provided in
this Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security
to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by
the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.


 


2.14.3. Legends.
Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


 


"THIS SECURITY
IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY
OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE
DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A
WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF
THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY."


 


In addition, so long
as the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) is the Depositary, each Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee
shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:


 


“UNLESS THIS
GLOBAL NOTE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”),
TO THE ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL NOTE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME
OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE
& CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF
FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.”


 




    	 	14	



     


    

 


2.14.4. Acts of Holders.
The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.


 


2.14.5. Payments.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the
principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.


 


2.14.6. Consents,
Declaration and Directions. The Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount
of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary
or by the applicable procedures of such Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents,
declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.


 


Section 2.15. CUSIP Numbers.


 


The Company in issuing
the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP"
numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation
is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption
and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption
shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers.


 


ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION


 


Section 3.1. Notice to Trustee.


 


The Company may, with
respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and
pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided
for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated
Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee
in writing of the redemption date and the principal amount of Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice
at least 15 days before the redemption date, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the Trustee.


 




    	 	15	



     


    

 



 





Section
3.2. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.


 


Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer's Certificate, if less than all the
Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as follows: (a) if the
Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b) if the Securities are
listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange,
if any, on which the Securities are listed, or (c) if not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b) in the manner that the
Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange
requirements, subject, in the case of Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities
to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the
principal of Securities of the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of
the Series and portions of them selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect
to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for
each Series and the authorized integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called
for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption.


 


Section 3.3. Notice of Redemption.


 


Unless otherwise indicated
for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer's Certificate, at least 15 days but
not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically,
in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.


 


The notice shall identify the
Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:


 


		(a)	the redemption date;



 


		(b)	the redemption price;



 


		(c)	the name and address of the Paying Agent;



 


		(d)	if any Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities
to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal
amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Security shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation
of the original Security;



 


		(e)	that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to
collect the redemption price;



 


		(f)	that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the
redemption date unless the Company defaults in the deposit of the redemption price;



 


		(g)	the CUSIP number, if any; and



 




    	 	16	



     


    

		(h)	any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities
of a Series being redeemed.



 


At the Company's request,
the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company's name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has
delivered to the Trustee, at least 10 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date,
an Officer's Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice.


 


Section 3.4. Effect of Notice
of Redemption.


 


Once notice of redemption
is sent as provided in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date
and at the redemption price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer's Certificate
for a Series, a notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid
at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date.


 


Section 3.5. Deposit of Redemption
Price.


 


On or before 11:00
a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption
price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.


 


Section 3.6. Securities Redeemed
in Part.


 


Upon surrender of a
Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same
maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.


 


ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS


 


Section 4.1. Payment of Principal
and Interest.


 


The Company covenants
and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and
interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before
11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient
to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities
and this Indenture.


 






    	 	17	



     


    

 


Section 4.2. SEC Reports.


 





To the extent any Securities
of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of
the annual reports and of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as
the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a). Reports, information and documents
filed with the SEC via the EDGAR system will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for
purposes of this Section 4.2.


 


Delivery of reports,
information and documents to the Trustee under this Section 4.2 are for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of
the foregoing shall not constitute constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information
contained therein, including the Company's compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled
to rely exclusively on Officer's Certificates).


 


Section 4.3. Compliance Certificate.


 


To the extent any Securities
of a Series are outstanding , the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the
Company, an Officer's Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding
fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept,
observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such
certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant
contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions
hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the
Officer may have knowledge).


 


Section 4.4. Stay, Extension
and Usury Laws.


 


The Company covenants
(to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which
may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully
do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law,
hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every
such power as though no such law has been enacted.


 


ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS


 


Section 5.1. When Company
May Merge, Etc.


 


The Company shall not
consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to,
any person (a "successor person"), unless:


 




    	 	18	



     


    

 


(a)the
Company is the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly
existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company's obligations on the Securities and
under this Indenture; and


 


(b)immediately
after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.


 


The Company shall deliver
to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer's Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion
of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.


 


Notwithstanding the
above, any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company.
Neither an Officer's Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.


 


Section 5.2. Successor Corporation
Substituted.


 


Upon any consolidation
or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance
with Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which
such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right
and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein;
provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than
a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.


 


ARTICLE VI.


DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES


 


Section 6.1. Events of Default.


 


"Event of Default,"
wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing
Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officer's Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of
said Event of Default:


 


(a)default
in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default
for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying
Agent prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the 30`h day of such period); or


 


(b)default
in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or


 




    	 	19	



     


    

 


(c)default
in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraphs
(a) or (b) above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of Series
of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered
or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied
and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or


 


(d)the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:


 


(i) commences a voluntary case,


 


(ii) consents to the entry of
an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,


 


(iii) consents to the appointment
of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,


 


(iv) makes a general assignment
for the benefit of its creditors, or


 


(v) generally is unable to pay
its debts as the same become due; or


 


(e)a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:


 


		(i)	is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,



 


		(ii)	appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or



 


		(iii)	orders the liquidation of the Company,



 


and the order or decree remains
unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or


 


  (f) any other Event
of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture
hereto or an Officer's Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.


 


The term "Bankruptcy
Law" means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term "Custodian"
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


The Company will provide
the Trustee written of notice of any Default or Event or Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default
or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action
the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof.


 




    	 	20	



     


    

  


Section 6.2. Acceleration
of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.


 


If an Event of Default
with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred
to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities,
such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if
any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the
Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid
interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur,
the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso
facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.


 


At any time after such
a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money
due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration
and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal
and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.


 


No such rescission
shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 


Section 6.3. Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.


  


The Company covenants
that if


 


		(a)	default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and
payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or



 


		(b)	default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or



 


		(c)	default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms
of a Security,



 




    	 	21	



     


    

 


then, the Company
will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable
on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest
on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.


 


If the Company fails
to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute
a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree
and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed
to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated.


 


If an Event of Default
with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee
shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement
in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.


 


Section 6.4. Trustee May File
Proofs of Claim.


 


In case of the
pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other
judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such
other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable
as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company
for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,


 


(a)to
file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file
such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim
for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders
allowed in such judicial proceeding, and


 


(b)to
collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any
custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby
authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of
such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.


 




    	 	22	



     


    

  


Nothing herein contained
shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee
to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.


 


Section 6.5. Trustee May Enforce
Claims Without Possession of Securities.


 


All rights of action
and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of
the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment
of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable
benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.


 


Section 6.6. Application of
Money Collected.


 


Any money or property
collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee
and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities
and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:


 


First: To the payment of all
amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7; and


 


Second: To the payment
of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which
such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and


 


Third: To the Company.


 


Section 6.7. Limitation
on Suits.


 


No Holder of any Security
of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless


 


(a)such
Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
Series;


 


(b)the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to
the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;


 




    	 	23	



     


    

 


(c)such
Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request;


 


(d)the
Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding;
and


 


(e)no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;


 


it being understood, intended
and expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such Holders
shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb
or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of
such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit
of all such Holders of the applicable Series.


 


Section 6.8. Unconditional
Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.


 


Notwithstanding any
other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity
expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.


 


Section 6.9. Restoration of
Rights and Remedies.


 


If the Trustee or any
Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject
to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively
to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.


 


Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies
Cumulative.


 


Except as otherwise
provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right
or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and
remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right
or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of
any other appropriate right or remedy.


 




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Section 6.11. Delay or Omission
Not Waiver.


 


No delay or omission
of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair
any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy
given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed
expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.


 


Section 6.12. Control by Holders.


 


The Holders of a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect
to the Securities of such Series, provided that


 


		(a)	such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,



 


		(b)	the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with
such direction,



 


		(c)	subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow
any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so
directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability, and



 


		(d)	prior to taking any action as directed under this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to
indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
request or direction.



 


Section 6.13. Waiver of Past
Defaults.


 


The Holders of not
less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities
of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment
of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment
default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default
arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any
subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.


 




    	 	25	



     


    

 


Section 6.14. Undertaking
for Costs.


 


All parties to this
Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in
its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the
Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking
to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys'
fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by
such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted
by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment
of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed
in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).


 


ARTICLE VII.


TRUSTEE


 


Section 7.1. Duties of Trustee.


 


(a)  If
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture
and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in
the conduct of such person's own affairs.


 


(b)  Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default:


 


(i)The Trustee need perform
only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others.


 


(ii)In the absence of bad
faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed
therein, upon Officer's Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this
Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officer's Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof
are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer's Certificates and Opinions of
Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture.


 


(c)  The
Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct,
except that:


 




    	 	26	



     


    

 


(i)This paragraph does not
limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.


 


(ii)The Trustee shall not
be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent
in ascertaining the pertinent facts.


 


(iii) The Trustee shall not
be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good
faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series
relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series in accordance with
Section 6.12.


 


(d)  Every
provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.


 


(e)  The
Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the
costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.


 


(f)  The
Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company.
Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.


 


(g)  No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance
of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is not assured
to the Trustee in its satisfaction.


 


(h)  The
Paying Agent, the Registrar and any authenticating agent shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth in
paragraphs (e), (f) and (g) of this Section and in Section 7.2, each with respect to the Trustee.


 


Section 7.2. Rights of Trustee.


 


(a)  The
Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document (whether in its original or facsimile
form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate
any fact or matter stated in the document.


 


(b)  Before
the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officer's Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee
shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer's Certificate or Opinion
of Counsel.


 




    	 	27	



     


    

  


(c)  The
Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care.
No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.


 


(d)  The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within
its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee's conduct does not constitute willful misconduct or negligence.


 


(e)  The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without willful misconduct or negligence, and
in reliance thereon.


 


(f)  The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to
it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.


 


(g)  The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness
or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts
or matters as it may see fit.


 


(h)  The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual
knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this
Indenture.


 


(i)  In
no event shall the Trustee be liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage
of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such
loss or damage.


 


(j)  The
permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty
to do so.


 






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Section 7.3. Individual
Rights of Trustee.


 


The Trustee in its
individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate
of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee
is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.





 


Section 7.4. Trustee's Disclaimer.


 


The Trustee makes
no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company's
use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.


 


Section 7.5. Notice of Defaults.


 


If a Default or Event
of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of
the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of
Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or
Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of
any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible
Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Securityholders of that Series.


 


Section 7.6. Reports
by Trustee to Holders.


 


Within 60 days after
anniversary of the date of this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Securityholders, as their names and addresses
appear on the register kept by the Registrar a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with, and to the extent
required under, TIA § 313.


 


A copy of each report
at the time of its mailing to Securityholders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on
which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing when Securities of any
Series are listed on any national securities exchange.


 


Section 7.7. Compensation
and Indemnity.


 


The Company shall
pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree
upon in writing. The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The
Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall
include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel.


 




    	 	29	



     


    

 


The Company shall
indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) against any cost, expense or
liability, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it
except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee
shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company
shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless and to the extent that the Company is materially prejudiced
thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel
and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without
its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees,
shareholders and agents of the Trustee.


 


The Company need not
reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee,
shareholder or agent of the Trustee through willful misconduct or negligence.


 


To secure the Company's
payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property
held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.


 


When the Trustee incurs
expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation
for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.


 


The provisions
of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture.


 


Section
7.8. Replacement of Trustee.


 


A resignation or removal
of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment
as provided in this Section.


 


The Trustee may resign
with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed
resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect
to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one
or more Series if:


 


		(a)	the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;



 


		(b)	the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect
to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;



 


		(c)	a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or



 


		(d)	the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.



 




    	 	30	



     


    

 


If the Trustee resigns
or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.
Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding
Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.


 


If a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns
or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of
the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.


 


A successor Trustee
shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring
Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section
7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights,
powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture.
A successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to each Securityholder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement
of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company's obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit
of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance
with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement.


 


Section 7.9. Successor Trustee
by Merger, Etc.


 


If the Trustee consolidates
with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the
successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee, subject to Section 7.10.


 


Section 7.10. Eligibility;
Disqualification.


 


This Indenture
shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have
a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The
Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).


 


Section 7.11. Preferential
Collection of Claims Against Company.


 


The Trustee is
subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been
removed shall be subject to TIA § 311 (a) to the extent indicated.


 




    	 	31	



     


    

 


ARTICLE VIII.


SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE


 


Section 8.1. Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture.


 


This Indenture
shall upon Company Order be discharged with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect as to all
Securities of such Series (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company,
shall execute instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when


 


		(a)	either



 


(i)all
Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen
and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or


 


		(ii)	all such Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation



 


		(1)	have become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, or



 


		(2)	will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or



 


		(3)	have been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,
or



 


		(4)	are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;



 


and the Company, in the case of (1), (2)
or (3) above, shall have irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount of
money or U.S. Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment
of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the
dates such installments of principal or interest are due;


 


		(b)	the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and



 


		(c)	the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section
have been complied with.



 



    	 	32	



     


    

 


Notwithstanding the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and
8.5 shall survive.


 


Section 8.2. Application
of Trust Funds; Indemnification.


 


(a)Subject to the
provisions of Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it,
in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal
and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund
payments or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.


 


(b)The Company
shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations
or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect
of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.


 


(c)The Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent
certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then
in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale
by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.


  


Section 8.3. Legal Defeasance
of Securities of any Series.


 


Unless this Section
8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed
to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date
of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding
Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of
a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:


 




    	 	33	



     


    

 


(a)the
rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment
of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Maturity
of such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable
to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
and the Securities of such Series;


 


(b)the
provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and


 


(c)the
rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company's obligations in connection therewith; provided
that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied;


 


(d)the
Company shall have deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds,
specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities
of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of
such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which
through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment),
not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in
respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments
are due;


 


(e)such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;


 


(f)no
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of
such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;


 


(g)the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of
this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain
or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income
tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and
discharge had not occurred;




    	 	34	



     


    

  


(h)the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with
the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(i)the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section 8.4. Covenant Defeasance.


 


Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities
of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 5.1, and unless otherwise
specified therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution
or an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute
a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental
indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2.18
and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities
of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby;
provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:


 


(a)With
reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided
in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged
as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series
denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated
in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment
of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment), not later
than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments) of
and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;


 






    	 	35	



     


    

 


(b)Such
deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument
to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;





 


(c)No
Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of
such deposit;


 


(d)The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the company
has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of
this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based
thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm, subject to customary exclusions, that the Holders of the Securities of such Series
will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, covenant, defeasance and discharge
and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the
case if such deposit, covenant defeasance and discharge had not occurred;


 


(e)The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent
of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and


 


(f)The
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.


 


Section 8.5. Repayment to
Company.


 


Subject to applicable
abandoned property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment
of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Securityholders entitled to the money must look to
the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.


 


Section 8.6. Reinstatement.


 


If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money
deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason
of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application,
the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such
Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee
or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.1; provided , however, that
if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because
of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive
such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the Holders.


 




    	 	36	



     


    

  


ARTICLE IX.


AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS


 


Section 9.1. Without Consent
of Holders.


 


The Company and the
Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Securityholder:


 


		(a)	to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;



 


		(b)	to comply with Article V;



 


		(c)	to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;



 


		(d)	to add guarantees with respect to Securities of any Series or secure Securities of any Series;



 


		(e)	to surrender any of the Company's rights or powers under this Indenture;



 


		(f)	to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;



 


		(g)	to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;



  


		(h)	to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder;



 


		(i)	to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of
any Series as permitted by this Indenture;



 


		(j)	to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; or



 


		(k)	to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this
Indenture under the TIA.



 






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Section 9.2. With Consent
of Holders.


 





The Company and the
Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection
with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing
in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner
the rights of the Securityholders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection
with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision
of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.


 


It shall not be necessary
for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture
or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice
briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to mail or publish such notice, or any defect
therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.


 


Section 9.3. Limitations.


 


Without the consent of each Securityholder
affected, an amendment or waiver may not:


 


		(a)	reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement
or waiver;



 


		(b)	reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any
Security;



 


		(c)	reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or
postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;



 


		(d)	reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;



 


		(e)	waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on
any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);



 


		(f)	make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that
stated in the Security;



 


		(g)	make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or



 






    	 	38	



     


    

 


		(h)	waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made
at the Company's option.






 


Section 9.4. Compliance with
Trust Indenture Act.


 


Every amendment to
this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with
the TIA as then in effect.


 


Section 9.5. Revocation and
Effect of Consents.


 


Until an amendment
is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing
consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting
Holder's Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may
revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date
of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective.


 


Any amendment or waiver
once effective shall bind every Securityholder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described
in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who
has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting
Holder's Security.


 


The Company may, but
shall not be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take
any other action described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then
notwithstanding the immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated
proxies), and only those persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or take any
such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective
for more than 120 days after such record date.


 


Section 9.6. Notation on or
Exchange of Securities.


 


The Company or the
Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated.
The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order
in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.


 






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Section 9.7. Trustee Protected.


 





In executing, or accepting
the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying
upon, an Officer's Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both complying with Section 10.4. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental
indentures upon delivery of such an Officer's Certificate or Opinion of Counsel or both, except that the Trustee need not sign
any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights.


 


ARTICLE X.


MISCELLANEOUS


 


Section 10.1. Trust Indenture
Act Controls.


 


If any provision of
this Indenture limits, qualifies, or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture
by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.


 


Section 10.2. Notices.


 


Any notice or communication
by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered
in person or mailed by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), facsimile
transmission, email or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others' address:


 


if to the Company:


 


Acura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.


616 N. North Court


Palatine, Illinois 60067


Attention: Chief Financial Officer


 


with a copy to:


 


LeClairRyan


1037 Raymond Blvd


One Riverfront Plaza


Newark, New Jersey 07102 Attention:
John Reilly Telephone: (973) 491-3354


 


if to the Trustee:


 


[Name of
Trustee] [Address]


Attention:_______________________


 






    	 	40	



     


    

 


The Company or the
Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.


 





Any notice or communication
to a Securityholder shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar,
in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Securityholder of any Series
or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders of that or any other Series.


 


If a notice or communication
is sent or published in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Securityholder
receives it.


 


If the Company sends a notice
or communication to Securityholders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.


 


Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including
any notice of redemption) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given
to the Depositary for such Security (or its designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.


 


Section 10.3. Communication
by Holders with Other Holders.


 


Securityholders of
any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Securityholders of that Series or any other Series with respect
to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and
anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c).


 


Section 10.4. Certificate
and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.


 


Upon any request or
application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:


 


		(a)	an Officer's Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent,
if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and



 


		(b)	an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent
have been complied with.



 


Section 10.5. Statements
Required in Certificate or Opinion.


 


Each certificate or
opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided
pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:


 






    	 	41	



     


    

 


		(a)	a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;



 


		(b)	a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the
statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;









 


		(c)	a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation
as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied
with; and



 


		(d)	a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has
been complied with.



 


Section 10.6. Rules
by Trustee and Agents.


 


The Trustee may make
reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Securityholders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set
reasonable requirements for its functions.


 


Section 10.7. Legal
Holidays.


 


Unless otherwise provided
by Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a
"Legal Holiday” is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place
of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue
for the intervening period.


 


Section 10.8. No
Recourse Against Others.


 


A director, officer,
employee or stockholder (past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company
under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation.
Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration
for the issue of the Securities.


 


Section 10.9. Counterparts.


 


This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts
and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of
which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages
by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and
may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF
shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.


 






    	 	42	



     


    

 


Section 10.10. Governing Law.


 


THIS INDENTURE
AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES, SHALL BE
GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAWS PROVISIONS THEREOF OTHER THAN SECTION
5-1401 OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS LAW).





 


Section 10.11. No Adverse
Interpretation of Other Agreements.


 


This Indenture may
not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture,
loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.


 


Section 10.12.
Successors.


 


All agreements of the
Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind
its successor.


 


Section 10.13. Severability.


 


In case any provision
in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.


 


Section 10.14. Table of Contents,
Headings, Etc.


 


The Table of Contents,
Cross Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference
only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.


 


Section 10.15. Securities
in a Foreign Currency.


 


Unless otherwise specified
in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture
with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders
of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action
at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated more than one currency,
then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action
shall be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series
of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer's Certificate delivered
pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the spot
rate for the purchase of the designated currency as published in The Financial Times in the "Currency Rates" section
(or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such
source as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination (the “Market Exchange Rate”).
The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series
denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of
this Indenture.


 




    	 	43	



     


    

 


All decisions and
determinations provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law,
be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.


 


Section 10.16. Judgment Currency.


 


The Company agrees,
to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in
any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of
any Series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the "Judgment
Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee
could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable
judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then, the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which
in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in The City of New York the Required Currency with the
Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations
under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery
pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency,
except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required
Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of
action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short
of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained
for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking Day" means any day
except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required by
law, regulation or executive order to close.


 


Section 10.17. Force Majeure.


 


In no event shall the
Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused
by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts
of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or
malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee shall
use reasonable best efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon
as practicable under the circumstances.


 






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ARTICLE XI.


SINKING FUNDS





 


Section 11.1. Applicability
of Article.


 


The provisions of this
Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided by the terms of
such Securities PURSUANT TO Section 2.2 and except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued
pursuant to this Indenture.


 


The minimum amount
of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a "mandatory
sinking fund payment" and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred
to as an "optional sinking fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash
amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be
applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.


 


Section 11.2. Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.


 


The Company may, in
satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to
the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable
(other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities
of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either
at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund)
or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee,
together with an Officer's Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins
the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified
in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the
principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than
$100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such
action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking
fund payment, provided , however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a
Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery
by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to
the cash payment required to be released to the Company.


 






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Section 11.3. Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund.


 





Not less than 45 days
(unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer's Certificate in respect of a particular
Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee
an Officer's Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the
terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount,
if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to
pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer's Certificate
or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities
to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and the Company shall
send or cause to be sent notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner
provided in and in accordance with Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be
made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto
have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


  


	 	ACURA PHARMACEUITCALS,  INC.
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name: 
	 	 	Its:
	 	 	 
	 	[Name of Trustee]
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 
	 	 	Name: 
	 	 	Its:


 



    	 	46