38628 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

EPA-APPROVED NON-REGULATORY PROVISIONS AND QUASI-REGULATORY MEASURES IN THE ARKANSAS SIP—Continued 

Name of SIP 

provision 

Applicable geographic or nonattainment 

area 

State 

submittal/ 

effective 

date 

EPA Approval 

date Explanation 

*******

Interstate transport 

for the 1997 ozone 

NAAQS (Noninterference with measures required to 

prevent significant 

deterioration of air 

quality in any other 

State).

Statewide ................................................... 4/5/11 8/20/12 (77 

FR 50033).

Approved except as it relates to GHGs. 

The GHG PSD deficiency was addressed on April 2, 2013 (78 FR 

19596). 

*******

§ 52.172 [Amended] 

■ 3. Section 52.172 is amended by 

removing paragraph (b) and 

redesignating paragraphs (c) and (d) as 

paragraphs (b) and (c), respectively. 

■ 4. Section 52.181 is amended by 

redesignating paragraph (a)(5) as 

paragraph (a)(7) and adding paragraphs 

(a)(5) and (6) to read as follows: 

§ 52.181 Significant deterioration of air 

quality. 

(a) * * * 

(5) November 6, 2012—submittal of 

Regulation 19, Chapter 9, Prevention of 

Significant Deterioration which 

provided the authority to regulate 

greenhouse gas emissions in the 

Arkansas PSD program. 

(6) January 7, 2014—submittal of 

Regulation 19, Chapter 9, Prevention of 

Significant Deterioration which updated 

the Arkansas PSD program to provide 

for the issuance of greenhouse gas 

plantwide applicability limit permits. 

* * * * * 

[FR Doc. 2015–16388 Filed 7–6–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 60 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696; FRL–9929–25– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AR81 

Performance Specification 18— 

Performance Specifications and Test 

Procedures for Hydrogen Chloride 

Continuous Emission Monitoring 

Systems at Stationary Sources 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is finalizing performance 

specifications and test procedures for 

hydrogen chloride (HCl) continuous 

emission monitoring systems (CEMS) to 

provide sources and regulatory agencies 

with criteria and test procedures for 

evaluating the acceptability of HCl 

CEMS. The final performance 

specification (Performance Specification 

18) includes requirements for initial 

acceptance, including instrument 

accuracy and stability assessments. This 

action also finalizes quality assurance 

(QA) procedures for HCl CEMS used for 

compliance determination at stationary 

sources. The QA procedures (Procedure 

6) specify the minimum QA 

requirements necessary for the control 

and assessment of the quality of CEMS 

data submitted to the EPA. 

This action establishes consistent 

requirements for ensuring and assessing 

the quality of HCl data measured by 

CEMS. The affected systems are those 

used for determining compliance with 

emission standards for HCl on a 

continuous basis as specified in an 

applicable permit or regulation. The 

affected industries and their North 

American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS) codes are listed in the 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 

this preamble. 

DATES: This final rule is effective on July 

7, 2015. 

ADDRESSES: Docket: The EPA has 

established a docket for this rulemaking 

under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2013–0696. All documents in the docket 

are listed on the www.regulations.gov 

Web site. Although listed in the index, 

some information is not publicly 

available, e.g., Confidential Business 

Information (CBI) or other information 

whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 

Certain other material, such as 

copyrighted material, is not placed on 

the Internet and will be publicly 

available only in hard copy form. 

Publicly available docket materials are 

available either electronically through 

www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 

the EPA Docket Center, Room 3334, 

EPA WJC West Building, 1301 

Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 

20004. The Public Reading Room is 

open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 

Monday through Friday, excluding legal 

holidays. The telephone number for the 

Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744, 

and the telephone number for the EPA 

Docket Center is (202) 566–1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. 

Candace Sorrell, Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards, Air Quality 

Assessment Division (AQAD), 

Measurement Technology Group, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 

27709; telephone number: (919) 541– 

1064; fax number: (919) 541–0516; 

email address: sorrell.candace@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The 

information in this preamble is 

organized as follows: 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

B. Where can I get a copy of this document 

and other related information? 

C. Judicial Review 

II. Background 

III. Changes Included in the Final 

Performance Specification 18 and 

Procedure 6 

IV. Summary of Major Comments and 

Responses 

A. Dynamic Spiking 

B. Duplicate Trains When Performing 

RATA 

C. Stratification Test Requirements 

D. Calibration Range Above Span 

E. RATA Acceptance Criteria for Low 

Concentration Sources 

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 38629 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination with Indian Tribal 

Governments 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 

Concerning Regulations That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act (NTTAA) 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions 

To Address Environmental Justice in 

Minority Populations and Low-Income 

Populations 

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA) 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

The major entities that would 

potentially be affected by the final 

Performance Specification 18 (PS–18) 

and the QA requirements of Procedure 

6 for gaseous HCl CEMS are those 

entities that are required to install a new 

HCl CEMS, relocate an existing HCl 

CEMS, or replace an existing HCl CEMS 

under any applicable subpart of 40 CFR 

parts 60, 61, or 63. Table 1 of this 

preamble lists the current federal rules 

by subpart and the corresponding 

source categories to which the PS–18 

and Procedure 6 potentially would 

apply. 

TABLE 1—SOURCE CATEGORIES THAT

WOULD POTENTIALLY BE SUBJECT

TO PS–18 AND PROCEDURE 6 

Subpart(s) Source category 

40 CFR part 63 

Subpart LLL ...... Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry. 

Subpart UUUUU Coal- and Oil-fired Electric 

Utility Steam Generating 

Units. 

The requirements of PS–18 and 

Procedure 6 may also apply to 

stationary sources located in a state, 

district, reservation, or territory that 

adopts PS–18 or Procedure 6 in its 

implementation plan. 

We plan to amend 40 CFR part 63 

subpart UUUUU, National Emission 

Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 

Coal- and Oil-fired Electric Utility 

Steam Generating Units to offer PS–18 

and Procedure 6 as an alternative to 

Performance Specification 15 (PS–15) 

for continuous monitoring of HCl. On 

February 17, 2015 (80 FR 8442), we 

proposed amendments to appendix B of 

subpart UUUUU that clarify that PS–18 

and Procedure 6 will be allowed and 

how they are to be implemented under 

subpart UUUUU. Note, prior to the time 

that these amendments are finalized, the 

alternative test method approval process 

of 40 CFR 63.7(f) is available as a way 

for affected facilities to request approval 

to use PS–18/Procedure 6 in lieu of PS– 

15. 

With regard to 40 CFR part 63, 

subpart LLL, which affects Portland 

cement manufacturing facilities and 

includes HCl monitoring requirements, 

no amendments will be needed as 

Subpart LLL already allows for use of 

any promulgated performance 

specification for HCl CEMS in 40 CFR 

part 60, appendix B. 

Table 2 lists the corresponding NAICS 

codes for the source categories listed in 

Table 1 of this preamble. 

TABLE 2—NAICS FOR POTENTIALLY

REGULATED ENTITIES

Industry NAICS 

Codes 

Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Utility 

Steam Generating Units ....... a 221112 

b 221122 

c 921150 

Portland Cement Manufacturing 

Plants .................................... 327310 

a Industry in Indian Country. 

bFederal, state, local/tribal government 

owned. c Industry in Indian Country. 

Tables 1 and 2 are not intended to be 

exhaustive, but rather they provide a 

guide for readers regarding entities 

potentially affected by this action. If you 

have any questions regarding the 

potential applicability of PS–18 and test 

procedures (Procedure 6) to a particular 

entity, consult the person listed in the 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

section. 

B. Where can I get a copy of this 

document and other related 

information? 

In addition to being available in the 

docket, an electronic copy of this action 

is available on the Internet through the 

EPA’s Technology Transfer Network 

(TTN) Web site, a forum for information 

and technology exchange in various 

areas of air quality management, 

measurement standards and 

implementation, etc. Following 

publication in the Federal Register, the 

EPA will post the Federal Register 

version of the promulgation and key 

technical documents on the TTN Web 

site: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/

promulgated.html. 

C. Judicial Review 

Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean 

Air Act (CAA), judicial review of this 

final rule is available only by filing a 

petition for review in the U.S. Court of 

Appeals for the District of Columbia 

Circuit by September 8, 2015. Under 

section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA, only an 

objection to this final rule that was 

raised with reasonable specificity 

during the period for public comment 

can be raised during judicial review. 

Moreover, under section 307(b)(2) of the 

CAA, the requirements established by 

this final rule may not be challenged 

separately in any civil or criminal 

proceedings brought by the EPA to 

enforce these requirements. Section 

307(d)(7)(B) also provides a mechanism 

for us to convene a proceeding for 

reconsideration, ‘‘[i]f the person raising 

an objection can demonstrate to the EPA 

that it was impracticable to raise such 

objection within [the period for public 

comment] or if the grounds for such 

objection arose after the period for 

public comment (but within the time 

specified for judicial review) and if such 

objection is of central relevance to the 

outcome of the rule.’’ Any person 

seeking to make such a demonstration to 

us should submit a Petition for 

Reconsideration to the Office of the 

Administrator, U.S. EPA, Room 3000, 

William Jefferson Clinton Building, 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC 20460, with a copy to 

both the person(s) listed in the 

preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT section, and the Associate 

General Counsel for the Air and 

Radiation Law Office, Office of General 

Counsel (Mail Code 2344A), U.S. EPA, 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC 20460. 

II. Background 

The EPA recently promulgated the 

Portland Cement Maximum Achievable 

Control Technology (MACT) rule (75 FR 

54970, September 9, 2010; 78 FR 10006, 

February 12, 2013) and the Mercury and 

Air Toxics Standards (MATS) rule (77 

FR 9303, February 16, 2012; 78 FR 

24075, April 24, 2013). Both rules 

specify the use of extractive Fourier 

transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 

and PS–15 when affected facilities opt 

or are required to continuously measure 

HCl emissions. To facilitate use of 

alternative technologies to FTIR and to 

aid in measuring the low levels of HCl 

specified in those rules, the EPA has 

developed and is promulgating these 

new specifications and quality control 

(QC) procedures (PS–18 and Procedure 

6) for HCl CEMS as an alternative to the 

use of PS–15. 


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38630 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Response to Comments on Proposed Rule: 

Performance Specification 18—Specifications and 

Test Procedures for Gaseous HCl Continuous 

Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources. 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

(OAQPS), Air Quality Assessment Division 

(AQAD), Research Triangle Park, NC; May 2015. 

Multiple technologies are available for 

HCl emissions monitoring. The goals of 

PS–18 and Procedure 6 are (1) to allow 

for the use of different HCl CEMS 

sampling and analytical technologies as 

long as the required performance 

criteria set out in the performance 

specification (PS) are met; and (2) to 

establish consistent requirements for 

ensuring and assessing the quality of 

data measured by a HCl CEMS. 

Performance Specification 18 and 

Procedure 6 were proposed on May 14, 

2014 (79 FR 27690). The initial public 

comment period was extended (from 30 

to 60 days; ending July 13, 2014) in 

response to commenter requests. We 

reviewed and considered comments on 

the proposed PS–18 and Procedure 6 

and have made several changes to the 

specifications and QA procedures 

finalized with this action to address 

concerns and improve the proposed 

performance specifications and 

procedures. 

Under section 553(d) of the 

Administrative Procedures Act (APA), 5 

U.S.C. 553(d), the agency may make a 

rule immediately effective ‘‘for good 

cause found and published with the 

rule.’’ For the reasons discussed below, 

the EPA believes there is ‘‘good cause’’ 

to make this amendment effective upon 

publication in the Federal Register. 

This rule establishes a new 

measurement option, and not a new 

underlying requirement. The sooner the 

new option is available, more flexibility 

will be provided to regulated parties. 

III. Changes Included in the Final 

Performance Specification 18 and 

Procedure 6 

This rule finalizes PS–18 and 

Procedure 6, as proposed, except with 

five revisions in response to public 

comments. First, we expanded the 

options for using dynamic spiking (DS) 

with extractive systems and clarified the 

spiking procedures for integrated path 

systems through the use of ‘‘method of 

standard additions’’ in daily QC checks 

and as a replacement for the quarterly 

relative accuracy audit (RAA). Next, we 

eliminated the requirement for paired or 

duplicate trains when performing 

relative accuracy test audits (RATAs) 

using Method 26A. This change was 

based on data provided by stakeholders 

and the EPA’s Office of Research and 

Development, which showed that this 

reference method (RM) generated data 

acceptable to allay concerns about the 

data quality at concentrations near the 

compliance limit. In response to 

commenters who claimed that 

stratification testing is overly 

burdensome and unwarranted, we 

revised PS–18 to offer three RM traverse 

point options that can be used without 

the need for stratification testing and 

added clarifying language concerning 

the stratification testing procedures. We 

removed calibration range above span 

requirements in both PS–18 and 

Procedure 6 because we decided, after 

considering concerns raised by 

commenters, that above span 

compliance requirements are best 

handled on a rule-specific basis within 

individual subparts regulating differing 

industries/categories. The procedures 

for assuring the quality of the data when 

an applicable regulation requires 

measurements above span were not 

removed. Lastly, we added flexibility to 

both PS–18 and Procedure 6 in the 

relative accuracy criteria. 

IV. Summary of Major Comments and 

Responses 

A comprehensive summary of the 

comments received on the proposed PS– 

18 and procedures (Procedure 6) and 

our responses to those comments can be 

found in the Summary of Public 

Comments and Responses document,1

which is available in the docket for this 

action (see Docket No. EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2013–0696). Some of the major 

comments received on the PS and QA 

procedures and our responses to those 

comments are summarized by subject in 

the following paragraphs. 

A. Dynamic Spiking 

Under the proposed PS–18, we 

required DS into the CEMS using a 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) traceable standard to 

demonstrate initial performance at 

sources with emission levels near the 

detection limit of the CEMS. 

1. Expanded Use of Dynamic Spiking as 

an Optional QC Check 

Several comments received on the 

proposal recommended that the EPA 

allow for optional use of DS procedures 

for all certification and QA procedures 

as alternatives to using external 

calibration standards. Commenters 

opined that a choice between 

performing DS or daily zero and upscale 

checks should be available to the 

manufacturer and CEMS user for all 

CEMS technologies, and that the 

regulation should not mandate the use 

of either technique to exclude particular 

technologies. 

After consideration of comments, we 

have revised the final PS and QA 

procedures to allow for optional use of 

DS procedures for the following: 

(1) The upscale (mid-level) portion of 

the 7-day calibration drift test, 

(2) The daily mid-level CD check, and 

(3) The quarterly data accuracy 

assessments. 

In addition, if the source meets the 

criteria of section 5.5 in Procedure 6, we 

are allowing for a dynamic spiking audit 

(DSA) as a replacement for the RATA 

once every 2 years. 

A DS procedure does not provide 

sufficient information to replace the 7- 

day or daily zero CD check, the initial 

measurement error (ME) test, or 

completely replace the relative accuracy 

(RA) comparison with a RM. The 7-day 

and daily zero CD checks using 

exclusively zero gas provide an absolute 

check of the instrument zero. Should 

hysteresis be a concern, humidified zero 

gas may be used. 

After consideration, we decided that 

DS was not a suitable replacement for 

the 7-day or daily zero CD check. We 

added an additional procedure for use 

of a DS as an option for the 7-day and 

daily mid-level CD checks to section 

11.8 of PS–18 and section 4.1 of 

Procedure 6 in the final rule. The 

acceptance criteria for use of a DS as a 

mid-level CD check is the same as that 

for the classic CD check procedure, ±5 

percent of span for a single spike; an 

equation has been added to appendix A 

of PS–18 for calculating this value. It is 

important to note that under the final 

rule, the 7-day and daily upscale CD 

checks (whether done using the classic 

procedure and pure calibration gases or 

done using a DS procedure) are limited 

to the use of a mid-level gas. The reason 

for this limitation is to (1) ensure that 

the upscale calibration is closer to the 

measured values, (2) mitigate hysteresis 

effects, and (3) ensure that the CD 

values determined using either the 

classic procedure or a DS procedure are 

on a consistent basis. 

We have retained the requirement for 

use of pure calibration gases as the only 

option for the ME test. We retained this 

requirement because we want (at least) 

an initial direct assessment of the 

linearity of the system; we do not 

believe that the nominal costs 

associated with hysteresis or gas use are 

critical concerns for this requirement for 

a one time test. 

Use of a DSA as an option for 

quarterly data accuracy assessment was 

included in the proposal for Procedure 

6; and section 5.2.3 of Procedure 6 has 

been revised to include clarifying 

information on spike levels, number of 

spikes, and audit calculations. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 38631 

The final rule requires yearly conduct 

of a RATA involving comparison against 

a RM unless the optional criteria are met 

to reduce this requirement to every 

other year. The RATA provides 

quantitative assessment of the CEMS as 

well as confirmation of the continued 

representativeness of the CEMS 

sampling location. The DS option 

confirms the quantitative output of the 

CEMS comparison but lacks the 

traversing necessary to evaluate 

representativeness of the CEMS 

sampling point. 

2. Removal of the Dynamic Spiking 

Requirement for Low Emission Sources 

We received several comments on the 

proposed specifications requiring a DS 

verification test whenever the HCl 

measurements are less than or equal to 

20 percent of the applicable standard (in 

section 11.9.4.3) arguing that the 

provisions are unnecessary. One 

commenter asserted that there is no 

purpose or precedent for requiring 

alternative or additional QA testing, in 

addition to a RATA, because a unit is 

operating well below the applicable 

standard or the RM quantification limit 

and that having such a requirement does 

not appreciably provide any more 

assurances that the HCl CEMS is 

operating properly than demonstrated 

by meeting the RA requirements. One 

commenter asserted that kilns with very 

low or no HCl emissions should not be 

required to conduct extra tests and that 

DS procedures equivalent to those used 

in PS–15 DS should be allowed as an 

alternative to the RA test and not in 

addition to the RA test to validate 

installed CEMS. 

Upon review of these comments, we 

have decided that requiring a DS, 

merely because emissions are low, may 

present a disincentive to maintaining 

low emissions without appreciably 

assuring better operation of HCl CEMS. 

Therefore, we have revised PS–18 to 

remove this requirement for low HCl 

emission sources. 

B. Duplicate Trains When Performing 

RATA 

The proposed PS–18 required (1) 

paired or duplicate trains when 

performing RATAs using Method 26A 

as the RM and (2) invalidation of data 

pairs not meeting specified relative 

difference criteria (sections 11.9.4.4 and 

11.9.4.6). 

Several commenters requested that 

the requirement for paired trains be 

removed when Method 26A is used as 

the RM when conducting a RATA. 

Commenters argued that dual trains will 

add unnecessary time, more expense, 

and will complicate the testing process. 

These commenters generally opined that 

the additional burdens associated with 

requiring dual trains will not increase 

accuracy and will make it more unlikely 

that facilities will choose to implement 

HCl CEMS. 

Commenters generally expressed that 

both Method 26 and 26A have been 

widely used for a number of years to 

develop data both to set standards and 

to show compliance, and that Method 

26A is very durable, well-designed, and 

provides accurate/high quality data. 

One commenter acknowledged that 

variability is higher as measurements 

get closer to the detection limit; 

however, the commenter asserted that 

this is true for any analytical method, 

not just Method 26A. Another 

commenter noted that Method 26A has 

a known negative bias below 20 ppmv 

(parts per million by volume); however, 

this bias would show up in both trains 

(if a dual train was used) and would not 

have any impact on determining 

accuracy. 

One commenter reported that PS–12A 

is the only known PS that requires the 

use of paired RM sampling trains (see 

PS–12A, section 8.4.2), and requires 

dual trains when using Method 29. The 

commenter further reported that paired 

trains are recommended but not 

required in PS–11 (see section 8.6(1)(i)). 

The commenter suggested that the EPA 

adopt an alternative standard in which 

the EPA would recommend the use of 

paired trains, but not require them, 

similar to the requirements of PS–11. 

One commenter stated that random 

uncontrolled events can occur that can 

affect the results of a RM test, and if 

such an event occurs during a RATA, 

the sample may not meet the relative 

difference (RD) performance criteria and 

would count as one of a maximum of 

three exclusions/rejections allowed in 

the proposed PS–18. This commenter 

contended that if dual trains are 

employed, there is twice the probability 

of a random event occurring that could 

result in a rejection. One commenter 

stated that requiring dual trains could 

result in the discarding of otherwise 

valid RM runs. 

Commenters asserted that if the RM 

data is of poor quality or there is a large 

enough error in the reference point, 

either that data point will have to be 

discarded (if allowed) or the instrument 

will not pass the RATA. One commenter 

opined that facilities should have the 

choice to use single trains and risk 

failing the RATA due to suspect RM 

data. 

We acknowledge that requiring 

duplicate Method 26A trains during 

RATA tests adds some complexity and 

cost to initial and ongoing quality 

demonstration of CEMS performance. 

Our primary concern is the confidence 

in RM data at low concentrations. We 

also acknowledge that the PS–18 

proposal only requires duplicate 

sampling for Method 26A and does not 

address duplicate Method 320/Method 

321 as a requirement during RATA 

testing. Furthermore, from the data 

provided by stakeholders and by the 

EPA’s Office of Research and 

Development (evaluating the use of 

paired Method 26A trains), we are 

convinced that Method 26A performs as 

a prescriptive method to generate data 

acceptable to allay concerns about the 

quality of this RM at concentrations at 

the compliance limits of current MACT 

rules. We have revised PS–18 to remove 

the requirement for paired reference 

Method 26A sampling trains during 

RATA tests. 

C. Stratification Test Requirements 

Several commenters opined that 

stratification testing is overly 

burdensome and unwarranted. 

One commenter opined that the 

stratification test would be overly 

burdensome for sources using Method 

26A because test results would not be 

readily available onsite, which would 

force sources to use instrumental 

methods (e.g., Method 320) that yield 

real time HCl data. Another commenter 

stated that the requirements for a 

stratification test for HCl are 

unwarranted because extractive CEM or 

cross-stack tunable diode laser (TDL) 

instruments are only effective in 

measuring HCl in the vapor phase, and 

stratification only occurs with nonvapor droplets and higher-mass 

aerosols. The commenter asserted that 

gas phase measurements have always 

been associated with a homogeneous 

mixture of molecules across a stack or 

duct under turbulent flow conditions, 

which is always the case at plants with 

HCl emission streams. The commenter 

asserted that other reasons why a 

stratification test is not warranted 

include (1) the fact that other extractive 

HCl RMs, including Methods 320, 321, 

and ASTM D6348–12, do not require a 

stratification test, and (2) if stratification 

exists and is statistically significant, the 

error would be revealed by the RA test. 

One commenter asserted that there 

may be units that would be subject to 

PS–18 under subpart UUUUU and other 

rules (e.g., 40 CFR part 75) that have 

already performed stratification testing 

at their RM sampling location. The 

commenter suggested that to avoid 

unnecessary repetitive stratification 

testing, the EPA include an exemption 

from the stratification testing 


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38632 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

requirement for RM locations that have 

been previously evaluated. 

Another commenter stated that the 

proposed stratification test procedures 

and acceptance criteria specified in 

section 11.9.3 of the proposal (1) are 

unnecessary for most sources and do not 

need to be performed, (2) contain 

confusing references to the CEMS and 

RM sampling points, (3) provide 

inappropriate acceptance criteria, and 

(4) are not supported by any data. 

One commenter suggested that the 

stratification test sections be revised to 

(1) eliminate the test when the monitor 

and RA test locations are downstream of 

induced draft (ID) fan or other well 

mixed location, (2) eliminate the test for 

sources that have no measurable HCl 

during mill on operation, (3) explicitly 

state stratification tests should not be 

done during transient conditions 

including mill off operation, (4) specify 

that only an oxygen (O2) traverse is 

necessary if the only potential source of 

stratification is air in-leakage, (5) specify 

a stratification test, when necessary, be 

done at the RA test location and not the 

CEMS location, if different, and (6) 

specify that level of detection (LOD) 

criteria for allowing the alternative 

sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide 

(CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) tests 

are based on the RM LOD and not the 

CEMS LOD. 

One commenter also suggested that, 

unless the EPA can demonstrate that 

HCl stratification is an actual issue, the 

EPA should revise PS–18 to incorporate 

the identical requirements in PS–2, 

section 8.13.2, that requires sampling 

three points on a line, and require 

stratification tests only where there is a 

reason to expect stratification actually 

exists. The commenter also asserted that 

there is no need to acquire and use a 

series of EPA Protocol SO2 calibration 

gases and comprehensive series of 

procedures intended for test runs. 

We disagree with the commenters that 

stratification testing is unnecessary and 

overly burdensome. Contrary to the 

assertions of some commenters that 

stratification testing is not necessary, 

gaseous pollutants can be stratified. 

While turbulent flow and other 

conditions may eliminate stratification 

under certain conditions, the EPA does 

not agree that those conditions can be 

easily defined nor that if stratification 

exists, it would always be revealed by 

the RA test. It is the EPA’s position that 

to ensure collection of representative 

RM samples, it is necessary to confirm 

the absence of stratification before 

allowing single point or 3-point 

sampling that does not include the 

centroid of the duct. 

However, we do recognize that there 

is a need to provide one or more options 

for RM sample point selection that do 

not require stratification testing and we 

also understand that the proposed 

language of section 11.9.3 may have 

caused some confusion. Therefore, we 

have revised PS–18 to offer three RM 

traverse point options that can be used 

without the need for stratification 

testing. These options are a 3-point 

traverse (commonly known as the a ‘‘3- 

point long line’’) that includes the 

centroid of the duct, a 6-point traverse 

as allowed under 40 CFR part 75, or a 

12-point traverse, as was requested by 

one commenter. Testers desiring to test 

at a single point or at three points 

within two meters of a single port 

(commonly known as a ‘‘3-point short 

line’’) will need to conduct stratification 

testing to demonstrate the absence of 

stratification or only minimal 

stratification, respectively. 

Additionally, after consideration of 

comments received on stratification 

testing, we have also revised the final 

PS–18 to: 

(1) Clarify that the purpose of 

stratification testing is only for selection 

of RM sampling points; 

(2) Simplify the use of SO2 as a 

surrogate for stratification testing 

without restriction to offer a simpler 

option when using Method 26A as the 

RM; 

(3) Clarify (as commenters have 

recommended) that stratification testing 

must be conducted at the same location 

as the RM testing; and 

(4) Clarify that stratification testing 

should not be conducted during 

transient conditions. 

D. Calibration Range Above Span 

Commenters expressed concern over 

the proposed requirements related to 

calibration range above span or CRAS 

(defined as the upper limit of the 

measurement range based on a 

conservatively high estimate of the 

range of HCl measurements expected 

from the source category). Specifically, 

commenters expressed concern that the 

proposed CRAS requirements: 

(1) Conflict with the definition of 

‘‘span’’ in both 40 CFR part 60, subpart 

UUUUU (subpart UUUUU), appendix A, 

and in 40 CFR part 75 (section 72.2). 

(2) Conflict with the recently 

promulgated 40 CFR part 63, subpart 

LLL (subpart LLL) requirements. 

(3) Would likely create one hour of 

unnecessary CEMS data loss each time 

it is performed in view of the time 

required for the CEMS to achieve and 

stabilize at the high concentration level 

and subsequently recover to the normal 

operating level. 

(4) Require that the HCl CEMS be 

adjusted when the calibration drift 

exceeds 0.5 ppm (parts per million) at 

the zero or at 15–20 ppm levels. 

Commenters stated that upscale or 

CRAS levels would impose arbitrary 

adjustments simply chasing noise and 

that it should be changed to a 

requirement to inspect the CEMS and 

determine the proper corrective action. 

Commenters stated that the span and 

range of a CEMS depend on the type of 

technology used and that the EPA 

references the mercury CEMS as the 

precedent for the above span 

requirement. Commenters asserted that 

this can be problematic because, 

whereas mercury CEMSs have a linear 

response, other technologies may not 

have a linear response. 

After considering concerns raised by 

commenters, we decided that above 

span calibration requirements are best 

handled on a rule-specific basis within 

individual subparts regulating differing 

industries/categories. Therefore, we 

revised PS–18 and Procedure 6 to 

remove calibration range above span 

requirements and made them an option 

in Procedure 6. Subpart LLL-specific 

above span calibration technical 

revisions have been made under that 

rulemaking (see 79 FR 68821; November 

19, 2014). 

E. RATA Acceptance Criteria for Low 

Concentration Sources 

The proposed PS–18 section 5.3.5 

referenced an alternative criterion for 

RA that would apply in instances where 

the emission level for the test is less 

than 50 percent of the applicable 

standard. The proposed alternative 

criterion was for when the RM result is 

less than 50 percent of the emission 

standard and the emission standard is 

used in the denominator of the equation 

for calculating RA to be less than or 

equal to 15 percent. We received 

comments that asserted that this 

requirement is inconsistent with other 

alternative RA options used in other 

performance specifications. Some 

commenters supported the use of an 

absolute value; i.e., plus or minus 1 ppm 

if the RM is less than 3 ppm, which they 

reported would be similar to the 

requirements for mercury CEMS under 

subpart UUUUU. 

We recognize that calibration 

standards and measurement technology 

exist to demonstrate the quality of HCl 

emission measurements at or above 1 

ppm and that existing CEMS 

measurement technology can meet PS– 

18 RA requirements (see Docket Nos. 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2013–0696–0030 and 

0031). For HCl emission limits equal to 

or less than 1 ppm, RA is measured 


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nearer the quantitation limit of current 

instrument technology, and an 

alternative RA acceptance criterion 

similar to that in PS–2 of 40 CFR part 

60, appendix B may be applicable. 

Therefore, we have revised the 

alternative criterion for RA in section 

13.4 of PS–18 to allow, where the 

average RM level during the test is less 

than 75 percent of the applicable 

emission limit, substitution of the 

equivalent emission limit in parts per 

million by volume wet (ppmvw) in the 

denominator of the equation for 

calculating RA. Note that this revision 

applies to both PS–18 and section 6 of 

Procedure 6. 

V. Statutory and Executive Order 

Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

This action is not a significant 

regulatory action and was, therefore, not 

submitted to the Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB) for review. 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) 

This action does not impose an 

information collection burden under the 

PRA. This action provides performance 

criteria and QA test procedures for 

assessing the acceptability of HCl CEMS 

performance and data quality. These 

criteria and QA test procedures do not 

add information collection requirements 

beyond those currently required under 

the applicable regulation. 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

I certify that this action will not have 

a significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities 

under the RFA. This action will not 

impose any requirements on small 

entities. This action provides facilities 

with an alternative to PS–15 and FTIRs 

for measuring HCl which is currently 

required in several rules. 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) 

This action does not contain any 

unfunded mandate as described in 

UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531–1538, and does 

not significantly or uniquely affect small 

governments. The action imposes no 

enforceable duty on any state, local or 

tribal governments or the private sector. 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

This action does not have federalism 

implications. It will not have substantial 

direct effects on the states, on the 

relationship between the national 

government and the states, or on the 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities among the various 

levels of government. 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

This action does not have tribal 

implications as specified in Executive 

Order 13175. This action finalizes 

performance specifications that can be 

used as an additional option to PS–15 

for HCl continuous emissions 

monitoring. Thus, Executive Order 

13175 does not apply to this action. 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

The EPA interprets Executive Order 

13045 as applying only to those 

regulatory actions that concern 

environmental health or safety risks that 

the EPA has reason to believe may 

disproportionately affect children, per 

the definition of ‘‘covered regulatory 

action’’ in section 2–202 of the 

Executive Order. This action is not 

subject to Executive Order 13045 

because it does not concern an 

environmental health risk or safety risk. 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 

Concerning Regulations That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

This action is not subject to Executive 

Order 13211, because it is not a 

significant regulatory action under 

Executive Order 12866. 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act (NTTAA) 

This rulemaking does not involve 

technical standards. 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal 

Actions To Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and 

Low-Income Populations 

The EPA believes that this action will 

not have disproportionately high and 

adverse human health or environmental 

effects on minority or low-income 

populations because it does not affect 

the level of protection provided to 

human health or the environment. This 

action will help to ensure that emission 

control devices are operated properly 

and maintained as needed, thereby 

helping to ensure compliance with 

emission standards, which would 

benefit all affected populations. 

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA) 

This action is subject to the CRA, and 

the EPA will submit a rule report to 

each House of the Congress and to the 

Comptroller General of the United 

States. This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ 

as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Continuous 

emission monitoring systems, Hydrogen 

chloride, Performance specifications, 

Test methods and procedures. 

Dated: June 25, 2015. 

Gina McCarthy, 

Administrator. 

Part 60, chapter I, title 40 of the Code 

of Federal Regulations is amended as 

follows: 

PART 60—STANDARDS OF 

PERFORMANCE FOR NEW 

STATIONARY SOURCES 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 60 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401–7601. 

■ 2. Appendix B to part 60 is amended 

by adding Performance Specification 18 

to read as follows: 

Appendix B to Part 60—Performance 

Specifications 

* * * * * 

Performance Specification 18— 

Performance Specifications and Test 

Procedures for Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride 

(HCI) Continuous Emission Monitoring 

Systems at Stationary Sources 

1.0 Scope and Application 

1.1 Analyte. This performance 

specification (PS) is applicable for measuring 

gaseous concentrations of hydrogen chloride 

(HCl), CAS: 7647–01–0, on a continuous 

basis in the units of the applicable standard 

or in units that can be converted to units of 

the applicable standard(s). 

1.2 Applicability. 

1.2.1 This specification is used to 

evaluate the acceptability of HCl continuous 

emission monitoring systems (CEMS) at the 

time of installation or soon after and 

whenever specified in the regulations. The 

specification includes requirements for 

initial acceptance including instrument 

accuracy and stability assessments and use of 

audit samples if they are available. 

1.2.2 The Administrator may require the 

operator, under section 114 of the Clean Air 

Act, to conduct CEMS performance 

evaluations at other times besides the initial 

test to evaluate the CEMS performance. See 

40 CFR part 60, §§ 60.13(c) and 63.8(e)(1). 

1.2.3 A source that demonstrates their 

CEMS meets the criteria of this PS may use 

the system to continuously monitor gaseous 

HCl under any regulation or permit that 

requires compliance with this PS. If your 

CEMS is capable of reporting the HCl 

concentration in the units of the applicable 

standard, no additional CEMS components 

are necessary. If your CEMS does not report 

concentrations in the units of the existing 

standard, then other CEMS components (e.g., 


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oxygen (O2), temperature, stack gas flow, 

moisture and pressure) may be necessary to 

convert the units reported by your CEMS to 

the units of the standard. 

1.2.4 These specification test results are 

intended to be valid for the life of the system. 

As a result, the HCl measurement system 

must be tested and operated in a 

configuration consistent with the 

configuration that will be used for ongoing 

continuous emissions monitoring. 

1.2.5 Substantive changes to the system 

configuration require retesting according to 

this PS. Examples of such conditions 

include, but are not limited to: major changes 

in dilution ratio (for dilution based systems); 

changes in sample conditioning and 

transport, if used, such as filtering device 

design or materials; changes in probe design 

or configuration and changes in materials of 

construction. Changes consistent with 

instrument manufacturer upgrade that fall 

under manufacturer’s certification do not 

require additional field verification. 

Manufacturer’s upgrades require 

recertification by the manufacturer for those 

requirements allowed by this PS, including 

interference, level of detection (LOD), and 

light intensity qualification. 

1.2.6 This specification is not designed to 

evaluate the ongoing CEMS performance nor 

does it identify specific calibration 

techniques and auxiliary procedures to assess 

CEMS performance over an extended period 

of time. The requirements in appendix F, 

Procedure 6 are designed to provide a way 

to assess CEMS performance over an 

extended period of time. The source owner 

or operator is responsible to calibrate, 

maintain, and operate the CEMS properly. 

2.0 Summary of Performance Specification 

2.1 This specification covers the 

procedures that each CEMS must meet 

during the performance evaluation test. 

Installation and measurement location 

specifications, data reduction procedures, 

and performance criteria are included. 

2.2 The technology used to measure 

gaseous HCl must provide a distinct response 

and address any appropriate interference 

correction(s). It must accurately measure 

gaseous HCl in a representative sample (path 

or point sampling) of stack effluent. 

2.3 The relative accuracy (RA) must be 

established against a reference method (RM) 

(i.e., Method 26A, Method 320, ASTM 

International (ASTM) D6348–12, including 

mandatory annexes, or Method 321, as 

appropriate for the source concentration and 

category). Method 26 may be approved as a 

RM by the Administrator on a case-by-case 

basis if not otherwise allowed or denied in 

an applicable subpart of the regulations. 

2.4 A standard addition (SA) procedure 

using a reference standard is included in 

appendix A to this performance specification 

for use in verifying LOD. For extractive 

CEMS, where the SA is done by dynamic 

spiking (DS), the appendix A procedure is 

allowed as an option for assessing calibration 

drift and is also referenced by Procedure 6 of 

appendix F to this part for ongoing quality 

control tests. 

3.0 Definitions 

3.1 Calibration Cell means a gas 

containment cell used with cross stack or 

integrated path (IP) CEMS for calibration and 

to perform many of the test procedures 

required by this performance specification. 

The cell may be a removable sealed cell or 

an evacuated and/or purged cell capable of 

exchanging reference and other calibration 

gases as well as zero gas standards. When 

charged, it contains a known concentration of 

HCl and/or interference gases. The 

calibration cell is filled with zero gas or 

removed from the optical path during stack 

gas measurement. 

3.2 Calibration Drift (CD) means the 

absolute value of the difference between the 

CEMS output response and an upscale 

reference gas or a zero-level gas, expressed as 

a percentage of the span value, when the 

CEMS is challenged after a stated period of 

operation during which no unscheduled 

adjustments, maintenance or repairs took 

place. 

3.3 Centroidal Area means a central area 

that is geometrically similar to the stack or 

duct cross section and is no greater than 10 

percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional 

area. 

3.4 Continuous Emission Monitoring 

System (CEMS) means the total equipment 

required to measure the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate continuously. 

The system generally consists of the 

following three major subsystems: 

3.4.1 Sample Interface means that portion 

of the CEMS used for one or more of the 

following: sample acquisition, sample 

transport, sample conditioning, defining the 

optical measurement path, and protection of 

the monitor from the effects of the stack 

effluent. 

3.4.2 HCl Analyzer means that portion of 

the HCl CEMS that measures the total vapor 

phase HCl concentration and generates a 

proportional output. 

3.4.3 Data Recorder means that portion of 

the CEMS that provides a permanent 

electronic record of the analyzer output. The 

data recorder may record other pertinent data 

such as effluent flow rates, various 

instrument temperatures or abnormal CEMS 

operation. The data recorder may also 

include automatic data reduction capabilities 

and CEMS control capabilities. 

3.5 Diluent Gas means a major gaseous 

constituent in a gaseous pollutant mixture. 

For combustion sources, either carbon 

dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2) or a 

combination of these two gases are the major 

gaseous diluents of interest. 

3.6 Dynamic Spiking (DS) means the 

procedure where a known concentration of 

HCl gas is injected into the probe sample gas 

stream for extractive CEMS at a known flow 

rate to assess the performance of the 

measurement system in the presence of 

potential interference from the flue gas 

sample matrix. 

3.7 Independent Measurement(s) means 

the series of CEMS data values taken during 

sample gas analysis separated by two times 

the procedure specific response time (RT) of 

the CEMS. 

3.8 Integrated Path CEMS (IP–CEMS) 

means an in-situ CEMS that measures the gas 

concentration along an optical path in the 

stack or duct cross section. 

3.9 Interference means a compound or 

material in the sample matrix other than HCl 

whose characteristics may bias the CEMS 

measurement (positively or negatively). The 

interference may not prevent the sample 

measurement, but could increase the 

analytical uncertainty in the measured HCl 

concentration through reaction with HCl or 

by changing the electronic signal generated 

during HCl measurement. 

3.10 Interference Test means the test to 

detect CEMS responses to interferences that 

are not adequately accounted for in the 

calibration procedure and may cause 

measurement bias. 

3.11 Level of Detection (LOD) means the 

lowest level of pollutant that the CEMS can 

detect in the presence of the source gas 

matrix interferents with 99 percent 

confidence. 

3.12 Liquid Evaporative Standard means 

a reference gas produced by vaporizing 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) traceable liquid standards 

of known HCl concentration and 

quantitatively diluting the resultant vapor 

with a carrier gas. 

3.13 Measurement Error (ME) is the mean 

difference between the concentration 

measured by the CEMS and the known 

concentration of a reference gas standard, 

divided by the span, when the entire CEMS, 

including the sampling interface, is 

challenged. 

3.14 Optical Path means the route light 

travels from the light source to the receiver 

used to make sample measurements. 

3.15 Path Length means, for an extractive 

optical CEMS, the distance in meters of the 

optical path within a gas measurement cell. 

For an IP–CEMS, path length means the 

distance in meters of the optical path that 

passes through the source gas in the stack or 

duct. 

3.16 Point CEMS means a CEMS that 

measures the source gas concentration, either 

at a single point at the sampling probe tip or 

over a path length for IP–CEMS less than 10 

percent of the equivalent diameter of the 

stack or duct cross section. 

3.17 Stack Pressure Measurement Device 

means a NIST-traceable gauge or monitor that 

measures absolute pressure and conforms to 

the design requirements of ASME B40.100– 

2010, ‘‘Pressure Gauges and Gauge 

Attachments’’ (incorporated by reference— 

see § 60.17). 

3.18 Reference Gas Standard means a 

NIST-traceable gas standard containing a 

known concentration of HCl certified in 

accordance with an EPA traceability protocol 

in section 7.1 of this PS. 

3.19 Relative Accuracy (RA) means the 

absolute mean difference between the gas 

concentration or the emission rate 

determined by the CEMS and the value 

determined by the RM, plus the confidence 

coefficient of a series of nine test runs, 

divided by the average of the RM or the 

applicable emission standard. 

3.20 Response Time (RT) means the time 

it takes for the measurement system, while 

operating normally at its target sample flow 

rate, dilution ratio, or data collection rate to 


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respond to a known step change in gas 

concentration, either from a low- or zerolevel to a high-level gas concentration or 

from a high-level to a low or zero-level gas 

concentration, and to read 95 percent of the 

change to the stable instrument response. 

There may be several response times (RTs) 

for an instrument related to different 

functions or procedures (e.g., DS, LOD, and 

ME). 

3.21 Span Value means an HCl 

concentration approximately equal to two 

times the concentration equivalent to the 

emission standard unless otherwise specified 

in the applicable regulation, permit or other 

requirement. Unless otherwise specified, the 

span may be rounded up to the nearest 

multiple of 5. 

3.22 Standard Addition means the 

addition of known amounts of HCl gas (either 

statically or dynamically) to the actual 

measurement path or measured sample gas 

stream. 

3.23 Zero gas means a gas or liquid with 

an HCl concentration that is below the LOD 

of the measurement system. 

4.0 Interferences 

Sample gas interferences will vary 

depending on the instrument or technology 

used to make the measurement. Interferences 

must be evaluated through the interference 

test in this PS. Several compounds including 

carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), 

formaldehyde (CH2O), methane (CH4), and 

water (H2O) are potential optical 

interferences with certain types of HCl 

monitoring technology. Ammonia is a 

potential chemical interference with HCl. 

5.0 Safety 

The procedures required under this PS 

may involve hazardous materials, operations, 

and equipment. This PS may not address all 

of the safety issues associated with these 

procedures. It is the responsibility of the user 

to establish appropriate safety and health 

practices and determine the applicable 

regulatory limitations prior to performing 

these procedures. The CEMS user’s manual 

and materials recommended by the RM 

should be consulted for specific precautions 

to be taken. 

6.0 Equipment and Supplies 

Equipment and supplies for CEMS will 

vary depending on the measurement 

technology and equipment vendors. This 

section provides a description of the 

equipment and supplies typically found in 

one or more types of CEMS. 

6.1 Sample Extraction System. The 

portion of an extractive CEMS that collects 

and transports the sample to the pressure 

regulation and sample conditioning module. 

The extraction system must deliver a 

representative sample to the measurement 

instrument. The sample extraction system 

typically consists of a sample probe and a 

heated umbilical line. 

6.2 Sample Conditioning Module. The 

portion of an extractive CEMS that removes 

particulate matter and moisture from the gas 

stream and provides a sample gas stream to 

the CEMS analysis module or analyzer. You 

must keep the particle-free gas sample above 

the dew point temperature of its components. 

6.3 HClAnalyzer. The portion of the 

CEMS that detects, quantifies and generates 

an output proportional to the sample gas HCl 

concentration. 

6.4 System Controller. The portion of the 

CEMS that provides control of the analyzer 

and other sub-systems (e.g., sample 

extraction, sample conditioning, reference 

gas) as necessary for continuous operation 

and periodic maintenance/QC activities. 

6.5 Data Recorder. The portion of the 

CEMS that provides a record of analyzer 

output. The data recorder may record other 

pertinent data such as effluent flow rates, 

various instrument temperatures or abnormal 

CEMS operation. The data recorder output 

range must include the full range of expected 

HCl concentration values in the gas stream to 

be sampled including zero and span value. 

6.6 Reference Gas System(s). Gas 

handling system(s) needed to introduce 

reference and other gases into the 

measurement system. For extractive CEMS, 

the system must be able to introduce gas flow 

sufficient to flood the sampling probe and 

prevent entry of gas from the effluent stream. 

For IP–CEMS, the system must be able to 

introduce a known concentration of HCl, at 

known cell length, pressure and temperature, 

into the optical path used to measure HCl gas 

concentration. 

6.7 Moisture Measurement System. If 

correction of the measured HCl emissions for 

moisture is required, you must install, 

operate, maintain, and quality assure a 

continuous moisture monitoring system for 

measuring and recording the moisture 

content of the flue gases. The following 

continuous moisture monitoring systems are 

acceptable: An FTIR system validated 

according to Method 301 or section 13.0 of 

Method 320 in appendix A to part 63 of this 

chapter; a continuous moisture sensor; an 

oxygen analyzer (or analyzers) capable of 

measuring O2 both on a wet basis and on a 

dry basis; a stack temperature sensor and a 

moisture look-up table, i.e., a psychrometric 

chart (for saturated gas streams following wet 

scrubbers or other demonstrably saturated 

gas streams, only); or other continuous 

moisture measurement methods approved by 

the Administrator. Alternatively, for any type 

of fuel, you may determine an appropriate 

site-specific default moisture value (or 

values), using measurements made with 

Method 4—Determination of Moisture 

Content In Stack Gases, in appendix A–3 to 

of this part. If this option is selected, the sitespecific moisture default value(s) must 

represent the fuel(s) or fuel blends that are 

combusted in the unit during normal, stable 

operation, and must account for any distinct 

difference(s) in the stack gas moisture 

content associated with different process 

operating conditions. At least nine Method 4 

runs are required for determining each sitespecific default moisture percentage. 

Calculate each site-specific default moisture 

value by taking the arithmetic average of the 

Method 4 runs. Each site-specific moisture 

default value shall be updated whenever the 

current value is non-representative, due to 

changes in unit or process operation, but in 

any event no less frequently than annually. 

7.0 Reagents and Standards 

7.1 Reference Gases. Reference gases (e.g., 

cylinder gases or liquid evaporative 

standards) used to meet the requirements of 

this PS must be NIST certified or NISTtraceable and vendor certified to ±5.0 percent 

accuracy. HCl cylinder gases must be 

certified according to Reference 5 in section 

16 of this PS through a documented 

unbroken chain of comparisons each 

contributing to the reported uncertainty. 

Liquid evaporative standards must be 

certified using the gravimetrically-based 

procedures of the latest version of the EPA 

Traceability Protocol for Qualification and 

Certification of Evaporative HCl Gas 

Standards and Humidification of HCl Gas 

Standards from Cylinders (see EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2013–0696–0026.pdf). 

7.2 Cylinder gas and/or liquid 

evaporative standards must be used within 

their certification periods. 

7.3 High concentration cylinder gas or 

liquid evaporative HCl standards may be 

diluted for use in this specification. You 

must document the quantitative introduction 

of HCl standards into the system using 

Method 205, found in 40 CFR part 51, 

appendix M, or other procedure approved by 

the Administrator. 

8.0 CEMS Measurement Location 

Specifications and Pretest Preparation 

8.1 Prior to the start of your initial PS 

tests, you must ensure that the CEMS is 

installed according to the manufacturer’s 

specifications and the requirements in this 

section. You may use either point or IP 

sampling technology. 

8.2 CEMS Installation. Install the CEMS 

at an accessible location where the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate measurements 

are directly representative of the HCl 

emissions or can be corrected so as to be 

representative of the total emissions from the 

affected facility. The CEMS need not be 

installed at the same location as the relative 

accuracy test location. If you fail the RA 

requirements in this specification due to the 

CEMS measurement location and a 

satisfactory correction technique cannot be 

established, the Administrator may require 

the CEMS to be relocated. 

8.2.1 Single point sample gas extraction 

should be (1) no less than 1.0 m (3.3 ft.) from 

the stack or duct wall or (2) within the 

centroidal area of the stack or duct cross 

section. 

8.2.2 IP–CEMS measurements should (1) 

be conducted totally within the inner area 

bounded by a line 1.0 m (3.3 ft.) from the 

stack or duct wall, (2) have at least 70 percent 

of the path within the inner 50 percent of the 

stack or duct cross-sectional area, or (3) be 

located over any part of the centroidal area. 

8.2.2.1 You must measure the IP–CEMS 

path length from the inner flange of the 

sampling ports or the inner end of the 

instrument insertion into the stack cavity 

using a laser tape measure, mechanical 

measurement tape, or similar device accurate 

to ±1.5 mm (0.059 in). 

8.2.2.2 You must ensure that any purge 

flow used to protect IP–CEMS instrument 

windows from stack gas does not alter the 

measurement path length. Purge flow of less 


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than or equal to 10 percent of the gas velocity 

in the duct meets this requirement. 

8.2.3 CEMS and Data Recorder Scale 

Check. After CEMS installation, record and 

document the measurement range of the HCl 

CEMS. The CEMS operating range and the 

range of the data recording device must 

encompass all potential and expected HCl 

concentrations, including the concentration 

equivalent to the applicable emission limit 

and the span value. 

9.0 Quality Control [Reserved] 

10.0 Calibration and Standardization 

[Reserved] 

11.0 Performance Specification Test 

Procedure 

After completing the CEMS installation, 

setup and calibration, you must complete the 

PS test procedures in this section. You must 

perform the following procedures and meet 

the performance requirements for the initial 

demonstration of your CEMS: 

a. Interference Test; 

b. Beam Intensity Test (IP–CEMS only); 

c. Temperature Verification Procedure (IP– 

CEMS only); 

d. Pressure Verification Procedure (IP– 

CEMS only); 

e. Level of Detection Determination; 

f. Response Time Test; 

g. Measurement Error Test; 

h. Calibration Drift Test; and 

i. Relative Accuracy Test. 

11.1 Interference Test 

11.1.1 Prior to its initial use in the field, 

you must demonstrate that your monitoring 

system meets the performance requirements 

of the interference test in section 13.5 to 

verify that the candidate system measures 

HCl accurately in the presence of common 

interferences in emission matrices. 

11.1.2 Your interference test must be 

conducted in a controlled environment. The 

equipment you test for interference must 

include the combination of the analyzer, 

related analysis software, and any sample 

conditioning equipment (e.g., dilution 

module, moisture removal equipment or 

other interferent scrubber) used to control 

interferents. 

11.1.3 If you own multiple measurement 

systems with components of the same make 

and model numbers, you need only perform 

this interference test on one analyzer and 

associated interference conditioning 

equipment combination. You may also rely 

on an interference test conducted by the 

manufacturer or a continuous measurement 

system integrator on a system having 

components of the same make and model(s) 

of the system that you use. 

11.1.4 Perform the interference check 

using an HCl reference gas concentration of 

approximately five times the LOD. 

11.1.5 Introduce the interference test 

gases listed in Table 1 in section 17.0 of this 

PS to the analyzer/conditioning system 

separately or in any combination. The 

interference test gases need not be of 

reference gas quality. 

11.1.5.1 For extractive CEMS, the 

interference test gases may be introduced 

directly into the inlet to the analyzer/

conditioning system after the probe extension 

coupling. 

11.1.5.2 For IP–CEMS, the interference 

test gases may be added with the HCl in a 

calibration cell or separately in a 

temperature-controlled cell. The effective 

concentration of the gas in the cell must meet 

the requirements in Table 1 corrected for 

absolute pressure, temperature and the 

nominal stack sampling path length of the 

CEMS. 

11.1.6 The interference test must be 

performed by combining an HCl reference gas 

with each interference test gas (or gas 

mixture). You must measure the baseline HCl 

response, followed by the response after 

adding the interference test gas(es) while 

maintaining a constant HCl concentration. 

You must perform each interference gas 

injection and evaluation in triplicate. 

Note: The baseline HCl gas may include 

interference gases at concentrations typical of 

ambient air (e.g., 21 percent O2, 400 parts per 

million (ppm) CO2, 2 percent H2O), but these 

concentrations must be brought to the 

concentrations listed in Table 1 when their 

interference effects are being evaluated. 

11.1.7 You should document the gas 

volume/rate, temperature, and pressure used 

to conduct the interference test. A gas 

blending system or manifold may be used. 

11.1.8 Ensure the duration of each 

interference test is sufficient to condition the 

HCl measurement system surfaces before a 

stable measurement is obtained. 

11.1.9 Measure the HCl response of the 

analyzer/sample conditioning system 

combination to the test gases in ppmv. 

Record the responses and determine the 

overall interference response using Table 2 in 

section 17.0. 

11.1.10 For each interference gas (or 

mixture), calculate the mean difference 

(DMCavg) between the measurement system 

responses with and without the interference 

test gas(es) using Equation 1 in section 12.2. 

Summarize the results following the format 

contained in Table 2 in section 17. 

11.1.11 Calculate the percent interference 

(I) for the gas runs using Equation 2 in 

section 12.2. 

11.1.12 The total interference response 

(i.e., the sum of the interference responses of 

all tested gaseous components) must not 

exceed the criteria set forth in section 13.5 

of this PS. 

11.2 Beam Intensity Test for IP–CEMS 

11.2.1 For IP–CEMS, you must establish 

the tolerance of your system to beam 

intensity attenuation. 

11.2.1.1 Your beam intensity test may be 

conducted in either a controlled environment 

or on-site during initial setup and 

demonstration of your CEMS. 

11.2.1.2 If you have multiple 

measurement systems with components of 

the same make and model numbers, you need 

only perform this attenuation check on one 

system and you may also rely on an 

attenuation test conducted by the 

manufacturer on a system having 

components of the same make and model(s) 

of the system that you use. 

11.2.2 Insert one or more neutral density 

filter(s) or otherwise attenuate the beam 

intensity by a known percentage (e.g., 90 

percent of the beam intensity). 

11.2.3 Perform a high-level HCl reference 

gas measurement. 

11.2.4 Record and report the attenuated 

beam intensity, the measured HCl calibration 

gas concentration at full beam intensity, the 

measured HCl gas concentration with 

attenuated beam intensity, and the percent 

difference between the two HCl 

measurements with and without attenuation 

of the beam intensity. The percent difference 

must not exceed the criteria set forth in 

section 13.6 of this PS. 

11.2.5 In the future, you may not operate 

your IP–CEMS at a beam intensity lower than 

that established based on the attenuation 

used during this test. However, you may 

repeat the test to establish a lower beam 

intensity limit or level. 

11.3 Temperature Measurement 

Verification Procedure for IP–CEMS 

11.3.1 Any measurement instrument or 

device that is used as a reference in 

verification of temperature measurement 

must have an accuracy that is traceable to 

NIST. 

11.3.2 You must verify the temperature 

sensor used in IP–CEMS measurements onsite as part of the initial installation and 

verification procedures. 

11.3.3 Comparison to Calibrated 

Temperature Measurement Device. 

11.3.3.1 Place the sensor of a calibrated 

temperature reference device adjacent to the 

sensor used to measure stack temperature for 

your IP–CEMS. The calibrated temperature 

reference device must satisfy the accuracy 

requirements specified in Table 3 of this PS. 

The calibrated temperature reference device 

must also have a range equal to or greater 

than the range of your IP–CEMS temperature 

sensor. 

11.3.3.2 Allow sufficient time for the 

response of the calibrated temperature 

reference device to reach equilibrium. With 

the process and control device operating 

under normal conditions, concurrently 

record the temperatures measured by your 

IP–CEMS system (Mt) and the calibrated 

temperature reference device (Vt). You must 

meet the accuracy requirements specified in 

section 13.7 of this PS. 

11.3.3.3 If your IP–CEMS temperature 

sensor does not satisfy the accuracy 

requirement of this PS, check all system 

components and take any corrective action 

that is necessary to achieve the required 

minimum accuracy. Repeat this verification 

procedure until the accuracy requirement of 

this specification is satisfied. 

11.4 Pressure Measurement Verification 

Procedure for IP–CEMS 

11.4.1 For stack pressure measurement 

verification, you must select a NIST-traceable 

gauge or monitor that conforms to the design 

requirements of ASME B40.100–2010, 

‘‘Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments,’’ 

(incorporated by reference—see § 60.17) as a 

reference device. 

11.4.2 As an alternative for a calibrated 

pressure reference device with NISTtraceable accuracy, you may use a water-inglass U-tube manometer to verify your IP– 


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CEMS pressure measurement equipment, 

provided there is also an accurate 

measurement of absolute atmospheric 

pressure at the manometer location. 

11.4.3 Allow sufficient time for the 

response of the reference pressure 

measurement device to reach equilibrium. 

With the process and control device 

operating under normal conditions, 

concurrently record the pressures measured 

by your IP–CEMS system (MP) and the 

pressure reference device (Vp). You must 

meet the accuracy requirements specified in 

section 13.8 of this PS. 

11.4.4 If your IP–CEMS pressure sensor 

does not satisfy the accuracy requirement of 

this PS, check all system components and 

take any corrective action that is necessary to 

achieve the required minimum accuracy. 

Repeat this verification procedure until the 

accuracy requirement of this specification is 

satisfied. 

11.5 Level of Detection Determination 

11.5.1 You must determine the minimum 

amount of HCl that can be detected above the 

background in a representative gas matrix. 

11.5.2 You must perform the LOD 

determination in a controlled environment 

such as a laboratory or manufacturer’s 

facility. 

11.5.3 You must add interference gases 

listed in Table 1 of this PS to a constant 

concentration of HCl reference gas. 

11.5.3.1 You may not use an effective 

reference HCl gas concentration greater than 

five times the estimated instrument LOD. 

11.5.3.2 For extractive CEMS, inject the 

HCl and interferents described in section 

11.1.5 directly into the inlet to the analyzer. 

11.5.3.3 For IP–CEMS, the HCl and 

interference test gases may be added to a 

calibration cell or separately in a 

temperature-controlled cell that is part of the 

measurement path. The effective 

concentration of the gas in the cell must meet 

the requirements in Table 1 corrected for 

absolute pressure, temperature and the 

nominal stack sampling path length of the 

CEMS. 

11.5.4 Collect seven or more consecutive 

measurements separated by twice the RT 

(described in section 11.6) to determine the 

LOD. 

11.5.5 Calculate the standard deviation of 

the measured values and define the LOD as 

three times the standard deviation of these 

measurements. 

11.5.5.1 The LOD for extractive units 

must be determined and reported in ppmv. 

11.5.5.2 The LOD for IP units must be 

determined and reported on a ppm-meter 

basis and the site- or installation-specific 

LOD must be calculated based on the actual 

measurement path length and gas density of 

the emissions at the specific site installation 

in ppmv. 

11.5.6 You must verify the controlled 

environment LOD of section 11.5.2 of this PS 

for your CEMS during initial setup and field 

certification testing. You must use the SA 

procedure in appendix A of this PS with the 

following exceptions: 

11.5.6.1 For the LOD verification in the 

field, you must make three independent SA 

measurements spiking the native source 

concentration by no more than three times 

the controlled environment LOD 

concentration determined in section 11.5.5. 

11.5.6.2 For extractive CEMS, you must 

perform the SA as a dynamic spike by 

passing the spiked source gas sample through 

all filters, scrubbers, conditioners and other 

monitoring system components used during 

normal sampling, and as much of the 

sampling probe as practical. For IP–CEMS, 

you must perform the SA procedure by 

adding or passing a known concentration 

reference gas into a calibration cell in the 

optical path of the CEMS; you must also 

include the source measurement optical path 

while performing the SA measurement. 

11.5.6.3 The amount detected, or 

standard addition response (SAR), is based 

on the average difference of the native HCl 

concentration in the stack or duct relative to 

the native stack concentration plus the SA. 

You must be able to detect the effective spike 

addition (ESA) above the native HCl present 

in the stack gas matrix. For extractive CEMS, 

the ESA is calculated using Equation A7 in 

appendix A of this PS. For IP–CEMS, the 

ESA is calculated as Ci,eff using Equation 4 

of this PS. 

11.5.6.4 For extractive CEMS, calculate 

the SAR using Equation A4 in appendix A of 

this PS. For IP–CEMS, calculate the SAR 

using Equation A8. 

11.5.6.5 If your system LOD field 

verification does not demonstrate a SAR 

greater than or equal to your initial 

controlled environment LOD, you must 

increase the SA concentration incrementally 

and repeat the field verification procedure 

until the SAR is equal to or greater than LOD. 

The site-specific standard addition detection 

level (SADL) is equal to the standard 

addition needed to achieve the acceptable 

SAR, and SADL replaces the controlled 

environment LOD. For extractive CEMS, the 

SADL is calculated as the ESA using 

Equation A7 in appendix A of this PS. For 

IP–CEMS, the SADL is the SA calculated 

using Equation A8 in appendix A of this PS. 

As described in section 13.1 of this PS, the 

SADL must be less than 20 percent of the 

applicable emission limit. 

11.6 Response Time Determination. You 

must determine ME-, LOD- and SA–RT 

11.6.1 For ME- or LOD–RT, start the 

upscale RT determination by injecting zero 

gas into the measurement system as required 

by the procedures in section 11.7 or 11.5, 

respectively. You may use humidified zero 

gas. For standard addition RT, start the 

upscale RT determination by measuring the 

native stack gas concentration of HCl. 

11.6.1.1 For extractive CEMS measuring 

ME- or LOD–RT, the output has stabilized 

when there is no change greater than 1.0 

percent of full scale for 30 seconds. 

11.6.1.2 For standard addition RT that 

includes the stack gas matrix the final stable 

response may continue to vary by more than 

1 percent, but may be considered stable if the 

variability is random and not continuously 

rising or falling. 

11.6.2 When the CEMS output has 

stabilized, record the response in ppmv and 

introduce an upscale (high level) or spike 

reference gas as required by the relevant 

procedure. 

11.6.3 Record the time (upscale RT) 

required to reach 95 percent of the change to 

the final stable value. 

11.6.4 Next, for ME or LOD RT, 

reintroduce the zero gas and record the time 

required to reach 95 percent of the change to 

the stable instrument response at the zero gas 

reading. For SA RT, introduce zero gas to the 

IP–CEMS cell or stop the spike gas flow to 

the extractive CEMS as required by the 

specified procedure and record the time 

required to reach 95 percent of the change to 

the stable instrument response of the native 

gas reading. This time is the downscale RT. 

(Note: For CEMS that perform a series of 

operations (purge, blow back, sample 

integration, analyze, etc.), you must start 

adding reference or zero gas immediately 

after these procedures are complete.) 

11.6.5 Repeat the entire procedure until 

you have three sets of data, then determine 

the mean upscale and mean downscale RTs 

for each relevant procedure. Report the 

greater of the average upscale or average 

downscale RTs as the RT for the system. 

11.7 Measurement Error (ME) Test 

11.7.1 On the same day and as close in 

time as practicable to when the ME test is 

conducted, perform and meet requirements 

for a calibration drift (CD) test using a zero 

gas as used in the Seven-Day Drift Test (see 

section 11.8) and document and report the 

results. To meet this requirement, the ME test 

may be conducted during the Seven-Day CD 

Test. 

11.7.2 Extractive CEMS ME Test. 

11.7.2.1 Introduce reference gases to the 

CEMS probe, prior to the sample 

conditioning and filtration system. 

11.7.2.2 Measure three upscale HCl 

reference gas concentrations in the range 

shown in Table 4 of this PS. 

11.7.2.3 Introduce the gases into the 

sampling probe with sufficient flow rate to 

replace the entire source gas sample. 

11.7.2.4 Continue to add the reference gas 

until the response is stable as evidenced 

when the difference between two consecutive 

measurements is less than the LOD or within 

five percent of each other. 

11.7.2.5 Make triplicate measurements for 

each reference gas for a total of nine 

measurements. Introduce different reference 

gas concentrations in any order but do not 

introduce the same gas concentration twice 

in succession. 

11.7.2.6 At each reference gas 

concentration, determine the average of the 

three CEMS responses (MCl). Calculate the 

ME using Equation 3A in section 12.3. 

11.7.2.7 If you desire to determine the 

system RT during this test, you must inject 

zero gas immediately before and after each 

injection of the high-level gas standard. 

11.7.2.8 For non-dilution systems, you 

may adjust the system to maintain the correct 

flow rate at the analyzer during the test, but 

you may not make adjustments for any other 

purpose. For dilution systems, you must 

operate the measurement system at the 

appropriate dilution ratio during all system 

ME checks, and you may make only the 

adjustments necessary to maintain the proper 

ratio. 

11.7.3 IP–CEMS ME Test. 


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11.7.3.1 Conduct a 3-level system ME test 

by individually adding the known 

concentrations of HCl reference gases into a 

calibration cell of known volume, 

temperature, pressure and path length. 

Note: The optical path used for IP–CEMS 

ME checks must include the native HCl 

measurement path. You must also collect 

native stack concentration HCl measurements 

before and after each HCl standard 

measurement. Bracketing HCl reference gas 

measurements with native stack HCl 

measurements must be used in the 

calculations in Equation 5 in section 12.4.2 

to correct the upscale measurements for stack 

gas HCl concentration changes. 

11.7.3.2 Introduce HCl reference gas into 

your calibration cell in a range of 

concentrations that produce responses 

equivalent to the source concentrations 

shown in Table 4 of this PS for your path 

length. 

11.7.3.3 Make triplicate measurements for 

each reference gas standard for a total of nine 

measurements. Introduce different 

calibration concentrations in any order but 

do not introduce the same reference gas 

concentration twice in succession. 

11.7.3.4 You must calculate the effective 

concentration (Ci,eff) of the HCl reference gas 

equivalent to the stack concentration by 

correcting for calibration cell temperature, 

pressure, path length, line strength factor 

(LSF) and, if necessary, the native stack gas 

HCl concentration using Equation 4 in 

section 12.0. 

11.7.3.5 You may use the LSF provided 

by your instrument manufacturer or 

determine an instrument-specific LSF as a 

function of temperature using a heated gas 

cell and equivalent concentrations (Ci,eff) 

between 50 and 150 percent of the emission 

limit. 

11.7.3.6 At each reference gas 

concentration, average the three independent 

CEMS measurement responses corrected for 

native HCl stack concentration. Calculate the 

ME using Equation 6A in section 12.4.3. 

11.7.4 You may use Figure 1 in section 

17.0 to record and report your ME test 

results. 

11.7.5 If the ME specification in section 

13.3 is not met for all three reference gas 

concentrations, take corrective action and 

repeat the test until an acceptable 3-level ME 

test is achieved. 

11.8 Seven-Day Calibration Drift (CD) Test 

11.8.1 The CD Test Period. Prior to the 

start of the RA tests, you must perform a 

seven-day CD test. The purpose of the sevenday CD test is to verify the ability of the 

CEMS to maintain calibration for each of 

seven consecutive unit operating days as 

specified in section 11.8.5 of this PS. 

11.8.2 The CD tests must be performed 

using the zero gas and mid-level reference 

gas standards as defined in Table 4 of this PS. 

11.8.3 Conduct the CD test on each day 

during continuous operation of the CEMS 

and normal facility operations following the 

procedures in section 11.7 of this PS, except 

that the zero gas and mid-level gas need only 

be introduced to the measurement system 

once each. 

11.8.4 If periodic automatic or manual 

adjustments are made to the CEMS zero and 

upscale response factor settings, conduct the 

CD test immediately before these 

adjustments. 

Note: Automatic signal or mathematical 

processing of all measurement data to 

determine emission results may be performed 

throughout the entire CD process. 

11.8.5 Determine the magnitude of the CD 

at approximately 24-hour intervals, for 7 

consecutive unit operating days. The 7 

consecutive unit operating days need not be 

7 consecutive calendar days. 

11.8.6 Record the CEMS response for 

single measurements of zero gas and midlevel reference gas. You may use Figure 2 in 

section 17 of this PS to record and report the 

results of your 7-day CD test. 

11.8.6.1 For extractive CEMS, calculate 

the CD using Equation 3B in section 12.3. 

Report the absolute value of the differences 

as a percentage of the span value. 

11.8.6.2 For IP–CEMS, you must include 

the source measurement optical path while 

performing the upscale CD measurement; you 

must exclude the source measurement 

optical path when determining the zero gas 

concentration. Calculate the CD for IP CEMS 

using Equations 4, 5, 6B, and 7 in section 

12.4. 

11.8.7 The zero-level and mid-level CD 

for each day must be less than 5.0 percent of 

the span value as specified in section 13.2 of 

this PS. You must meet this criterion for 7 

consecutive operating days past the 7-day CD 

test. 

11.8.8 Dynamic Spiking Option for 

Seven-Day CD Test. For extractive CEMS, 

you have the option to conduct a mid-level 

dynamic spiking procedure for each of the 7 

days in lieu of the mid-level reference gas 

injection described in sections 11.8.2 and 

11.8.3. If this option is selected, the daily 

zero CD check is still required. 

11.8.8.1 To conduct each of the seven 

daily mid-level dynamic spikes, you must 

use the DS procedure described in appendix 

A of this PS using a single spike of the midlevel reference gas (see Table 4). 

11.8.8.2 You must perform the dynamic 

spike procedure by passing the spiked source 

gas sample through all filters, scrubbers, 

conditioners and other monitoring system 

components used during normal sampling, 

and as much of the sampling probe as 

practical. 

11.8.8.3 Calculate the mid-level CD as a 

percent of span using Equation A6 of 

appendix A to this PS and calculate the zero 

drift using Equation 3B in section 12.3. 

Record and report the results as described in 

sections 11.8.6 and 11.8.7. 

11.9 Relative Accuracy Test 

11.9.1 Unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable regulation, use Method 26A in 40 

CFR part 60, appendix A–8, Method 320 or 

Method 321, both found in 40 CFR part 63, 

appendix A, or ASTM D6348–12 including 

all annexes, as applicable, as the RMs for HCl 

measurement. Obtain and analyze RM audit 

samples, if they are available, concurrently 

with RM test samples according to the same 

procedure specified for performance tests in 

the general provisions of the applicable part. 

If Method 26 is not specified in an applicable 

subpart of the regulations, you may request 

approval to use Method 26 in appendix A– 

8 to this part as the RM on a site-specific 

basis under §§ 63.7(f) or 60.8(b). Other RMs 

for moisture, O2, etc., may be necessary. 

Conduct the RM tests in such a way that they 

will yield results representative of the 

emissions from the source and can be 

compared to the CEMS data. 

11.9.1.1 When Method 26A is used as the 

RM, you must sample sufficient gas to reach 

three times your method detection limit for 

Method 26A in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A– 

8, or for a minimum of one hour, whichever 

is greater. 

11.9.1.2 When Method 320 or Method 

321, both found in 40 CFR part 63, appendix 

A, or ASTM D6348–12, are used as the RM, 

you must collect gas samples that are at stack 

conditions (hot and wet) and you must 

traverse as required in section 11.9.3. 

11.9.2 Conduct the diluent (if applicable), 

moisture (if needed), and pollutant 

measurements simultaneously. However, 

diluent and moisture measurements that are 

taken within an hour of the pollutant 

measurements may be used to calculate dry 

pollutant concentration and emission rates. 

11.9.3 Reference Method Measurement 

Location and Traverse Point(s) Selection. 

11.9.3.1 Measurement Location. Select, as 

appropriate, an accessible RM measurement 

location at least two equivalent diameters 

downstream from the nearest control device, 

point of pollutant generation, or other point 

at which a change in the pollutant 

concentration or emission rate may occur, 

and at least one half equivalent diameter 

upstream from the effluent exhaust or a 

control device. When pollutant concentration 

changes are due solely to diluent leakage 

(e.g., air heater leakages) and pollutants and 

diluents are simultaneously measured at the 

same location, a half diameter may be used 

in lieu of two equivalent diameters. The 

equivalent duct diameter is calculated 

according to Method 1 in appendix A–1 to 

this part. The CEMS and RM sampling 

locations need not be the same. 

11.9.3.2 Traverse Point Selection. Select 

traverse points that assure acquisition of 

representative RM samples over the stack or 

duct cross section according to one of the 

following options: (a) sample at twelve 

traverse points located according to section 

11.3 of Method 1 in appendix A–1 to this 

part, (b) sample at 6 Method 1 traverse points 

according to section 6.5.6(b)(1) of appendix 

A to part 75 of this chapter, or (c) sample at 

three points on a measurement line (‘‘3-point 

long line’’) that passes through the centroidal 

area of the duct in the direction of any 

potential stratification. If this line interferes 

with the CEMS measurements, you may 

displace the line up to 20 cm (12 in.) or 5.0 

percent of the equivalent diameter of the 

cross section, whichever is less, from the 

centroidal area. Locate the three traverse 

points at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the 

measurement line. Alternatively, you may 

conduct a stratification test following the 

procedures in sections 11.9.3.2.1 through 

11.9.3.2.4 to justify sampling at a single point 

or three points located on the measurement 

line at 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 m from the stack wall 

(‘‘3-point short line’’). Stratification testing 

must be conducted at the sampling location 


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to be used for the RM measurements during 

the RA test and must be made during normal 

facility operating conditions. You must 

evaluate the stratification by measuring the 

gas on the same moisture basis as the HCl 

CEMS (wet or dry). Stratification testing must 

be repeated for each RA test program to 

justify single point or ‘‘3-point short line’’ 

sampling. 

11.9.3.2.1 Use a probe of appropriate 

length to measure the HCl concentration or 

an alternative analyte, as described in this 

section, using 12 traverse points located 

according to section 11.3 of Method 1 in 

appendix A–1 to 40 CFR part 60 for a circular 

stack or nine points at the centroids of 

similarly-shaped, equal area divisions of the 

cross section of a rectangular stack. 

11.9.3.2.2 You may substitute a 

stratification test for SO2 for the HCl 

stratification test. If you select this option, 

you must follow the test procedures in 

Method 6C of appendix A–4 to 40 CFR part 

60 or Method 320 of appendix A of 40 CFR 

part 63. 

11.9.3.2.3 Calculate the mean measured 

concentration for all sampling points 

(MNavg). 

11.9.3.2.4 Calculate the percent 

stratification (St) of each traverse point using 

Equation 8 in section 12.5. 

11.9.3.2.5 The gas stream is considered to 

be unstratified and you may perform the RA 

testing at a single point that most closely 

matches the mean if the concentration at 

each traverse point differs from the mean 

concentration for all traverse points by: (a) 

No more than 5.0 percent of the mean 

concentration; or (b) 0.2 ppm (for HCl) or 3 

ppm (for SO2) absolute, whichever is less 

restrictive. 

11.9.3.2.6 If the criterion for single point 

sampling (5.0 percent, 0.2 ppm for HCl or 3 

ppm for SO2 are not met, but the 

concentration at each traverse point differs 

from the mean concentration for all traverse 

points by no more than 10.0 percent of the 

mean, the gas stream is considered to be 

minimally stratified, and you may take RA 

samples using the ‘‘3-point short line’’. 

Alternatively, you may use the 3-point short 

line if each traverse point differs from the 

mean value by no more than 0.4 ppm (for 

HCl) or 5 ppm (for SO2). 

11.9.3.2.7 If the concentration at any 

traverse point differs from the mean 

concentration by more than 10 percent, the 

gas stream is considered stratified and you 

must sample using one of the options in 

section 11.9.3.2 above. 

11.9.3.3 Conduct all necessary RM tests 

within 3 cm (1.2 in.) of the traverse points, 

but no closer than 3 cm (1.2 in.) to the stack 

or duct wall. 

11.9.4 In order to correlate the CEMS and 

RM data properly, record the beginning and 

end of each RM run (including the time of 

day in hours, minutes, and seconds) using a 

clock synchronized with the CEM clock used 

to create a permanent time record with the 

CEMS output. 

11.9.5 You must conduct the RATA 

during representative process and control 

operating conditions or as specified in an 

applicable regulation, permit or subpart. 

11.9.6 Conduct a minimum of nine RM 

test runs. NOTE: More than nine RM test 

runs may be performed. If this option is 

chosen, up to three test run results may be 

excluded so long as the total number of test 

run results used to determine the CEMS RA 

is greater than or equal to nine. However, all 

data must be reported including the excluded 

test runs. 

11.9.7 Analyze the results from the RM 

test runs using Equations 9–14 in section 

12.6. Calculate the RA between the CEMS 

results and the RM. 

11.10 Record Keeping and Reporting 

11.10.1 For systems that use a liquid 

evaporative standard generator to deliver HCl 

reference gas standards, record supporting 

data for these devices, including liquid feed 

calibrations, liquid standard concentration(s) 

and NIST-traceability, feed rate and gas flow 

calibrations for all diluent and HCl gas flows. 

All calibrations must include a stated 

uncertainty, and the combined uncertainty of 

the delivered HCl reference gas concentration 

must be calculated and reported. 

11.10.2 Record the results of the CD test, 

the RT test, the ME test, the RA test, and for 

IP–CEMS, the results of the beam intensity, 

temperature and pressure verification 

procedures. Also keep records of the RM and 

CEMS field data, calculations, and reference 

gas certifications necessary to confirm that 

the performance of the CEMS met the 

performance specifications. 

11.10.3 For systems that use Method 205 

to prepare HCl reference gas standards, 

record results of Method 205 performance 

test field evaluation, reference gas 

certifications, and gas dilution system 

calibration. 

11.10.4 Record the LOD for the CEMS. 

For extractive CEMS, record the LOD in 

ppmv. For IP–CEMS, record the LOD on a 

ppm-meter basis along with a calculation of 

the installation specific LOD in ppmv. For 

both CEMS types, you must also record the 

field verified SADL. 

11.10.5 Record the results of the 

interference test. 

11.10.6 Report the results of all 

certification tests to the appropriate 

regulatory agency (or agencies), in hardcopy 

and/or electronic format, as required by the 

applicable regulation or permit. 

12.0 Calculations and Data Analysis 

12.1 Nomenclature 

Ci = Zero HCl reference gas concentration 

used for test i (ppmv); 

Ci,eff = Equivalent concentration of the 

reference gas value, Ci, at the specified 

conditions (ppmv); 

CC = Confidence coefficient (ppmv); 

CDextractive = Calibration drift for extractive 

CEMS (percent); 

CDIP = Calibration drift for IP–CEMS 

(percent); 

CD0 = Calibration drift at zero HCl 

concentrations for an IP–CEMS (percent); 

davg = Mean difference between CEMS 

response and the reference gas (ppmv); 

di = Difference of CEMS response and the RM 

value (ppmv); 

I = Total interference from major matrix stack 

gases, (percent); 

LSF = Line strength factor for IP–CEMS 

instrument specific correction for 

temperature and gas matrix effects derived 

from the HITRAN and/or manufacturer 

specific database (unitless); 

DMCavg = Average of the 3 absolute values of 

the difference between the measured HCl 

reference gas concentrations with and 

without interference from selected stack 

gases (ppmv); 

MCi = Measured zero or HCl reference gas 

concentration i (ppmv); 

MCl = Average of the measured zero or HCl 

reference gas concentration i (ppmv); 

MCint = Measured HCl concentration of the 

HCl reference gas plus the individual or 

combined interference gases (ppmv); 

MEextractive = Measurement error for extractive 

CEMS (percent); 

MEIP = Measurement error for IP–CEMS 

(percent); 

MNavg = Average concentration at all 

sampling points (ppmv); 

MNbi = Measured native concentration 

bracketing each calibration check 

measurement (ppmv); 

MNi = Measured native concentration for test 

or run i (ppmv); 

n = Number of measurements in an average 

value; 

PLCell = Path length of IP–CEMS calibration 

cell (m); 

PLStack = Path length of IP–CEMS stack 

optical path (m); 

RA = Relative accuracy of CEMS compared 

to a RM (percent); 

RMi = RM concentration for test run i 

(ppmv); 

RMavg = Mean measured RM value (ppmv); 

S = Span of the instrument (ppmv); 

Sd = Standard deviation of the differences 

(ppmv); 

Sti = Stratification at traverse point i 

(percent); 

SADL = Standard addition detection level 

(ppmv); 

t0.975 = One-sided t-value at the 97.5th 

percentile obtained from Table 5 in section 

17.0 for n–1 measurements; 

Treference = Temperature of the calibration cell 

for IP–CEMS (degrees Kelvin); 

Tstack = Temperature of the stack at the 

monitoring location for IP–CEM (degrees 

Kelvin). 

12.2 Calculate the Difference Between the 

Measured HCl Concentration With and 

Without Interferents for Each Interference 

Gas (Or Mixture) for Your CEMS as: 


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Calculate the total percent interference as: 

12.3 Calculate the ME or CD at 

Concentration i for an Extractive CEMS as: 

12.4 Calculate the ME or CD at 

Concentration i for IP–CEMS That Use a 

Calibration Cell as Follows: 

12.4.1 Calculate the equivalent 

concentration Ci,eff using Equation 4: 

12.4.2 Calculate the average native 

concentration before and after each 

calibration check measurement as: 

12.4.3 Calculate the ME or CD at 

concentration i for an IP–CEM as: 

12.4.4 Calculate the zero CD as a percent 

of span for an IP–CEMS as: 

12.5 Calculate the Percent Stratification at 

Each Traverse Point as: 

12.6 Calculate the RA Using RM and CEMS 

Data 

12.6.1 Determine the CEMS final 

integrated minute average pollutant 

concentration or emission rate for each RM 

test period. Consider system RT, if important, 

and confirm that the results have been 

corrected to the same moisture, temperature 

and diluent concentration basis. 

12.6.2 When Method 26A (or if approved 

for use, Method 26), found in 40 CFR part 60, 


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appendix A–8 of this part, is used as the RM, 

compare each CEMS integrated average value 

against the corresponding RM value for 

identical test periods. Make these 

comparisons on the same basis (e.g., wet, dry, 

ppmv, or units of the standard). To convert 

results generate by Method 26A or 26 in mg/ 

DSCM to ppmv, use the conversion factor 

0.662 ppm/(mg/DSCM). 

12.6.3 If the RM is Method 320 or Method 

321, found in 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, 

or ASTM D6348–12, make a direct 

comparison of the average RM results and 

CEMS average value for identical test 

periods. 

12.6.4 For each test run, calculate the 

arithmetic difference of the RM and CEMS 

results using Equation 9. 

12.6.5 Calculate the standard deviation of 

the differences (Sd) of the CEMS measured 

and RM results using Equation 10. 

12.6.6 Calculate the confidence 

coefficient (CC) for the RATA using Equation 

11. 

12.6.7 Calculate the mean difference 

(davg) between the RM and CEMS values in 

the units of ppmv or the emission standard 

using Equation 12. 

12.6.8 Calculate the average RM value 

using Equation 13. 

12.6.9 Calculate RA of the CEMS using 

Equation 14. 

13.0 Method Performance 

13.1 Level of Detection. You may not use 

a CEMS whose LOD or SADL is greater than 

20 percent of the applicable regulatory limit 

or other action level for the intended use of 

the data. 

13.2 Calibration Drift. The zero- and midlevel calibration drift for the CEMS must not 

exceed 5.0 percent of the span value for 7 

consecutive operating days. 

13.3 Measurement Error. The ME must be 

less than or equal to 5.0 percent of the span 

value at the low-, mid-, and high-level 

reference gas concentrations. 

13.4 Relative Accuracy. Unless otherwise 

specified in an applicable regulation or 

permit, the RA of the CEMS, whether 

calculated in units of HCl concentration or in 

units of the emission standard, must be less 

than or equal to 20.0 percent of the RM when 

RMavg is used in the denominator of Equation 

14. 

13.4.1 In cases where the RA is calculated 

on a concentration (ppmv) basis, if the 

average RM emission level for the test is less 

than 75 percent of the HCl concentration 

equivalent to the emission standard, you may 

substitute the HCl concentration equivalent 

to the standard in the denominator of 

Equation 14 in place of RMavg. 

13.4.2 Similarly, if the RA is calculated in 

units of the emission standard and the HCl 

emission level measured by the RMs is less 

than 75 percent of the emission standard, you 

may substitute the emission standard in the 

denominator of Equation 14 in place of 

RMavg. 

13.4.3 The alternative calculated RA in 

paragraph 13.4.1 or 13.4.2 must be less than 

or equal to 15.0 percent. 

13.5 Interference Test. 

13.5.1 The sum of the interference 

response(s) from Equation 2 must not be 

greater than 2.5 percent of the calibration 

span or ±3.0 percent of the equivalent HCl 

concentration used for the interference test, 

whichever is less restrictive. The results are 

also acceptable if the sum of the interference 

response(s) does not exceed six times the 

LOD or 0.5 ppmv for a calibration span of 5 

to 10 ppm, or 0.2 ppmv for a calibration span 

of less than 5 ppmv. 

13.6 IP–CEMS Beam Intensity Test. For 

IP–CEMS, the percent difference between the 

measured concentration with and without 

attenuation of the light source must not 

exceed ±3.0 percent. 

13.7 IP–CEMS Temperature Measurement 

Verification. Your temperature sensor 

satisfies the accuracy required if the absolute 

relative difference between measured value 

of stack temperature (Mt) and the temperature 


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value from the calibrated temperature 

reference device (Vt) is ≤1.0 percent or if the 

absolute difference between Mt and Vt is 

≤2.8° C (5.0 °F), whichever is less restrictive. 

13.8 IP–CEMS Pressure Sensor 

Measurement Verification. Your pressure 

sensor satisfies the accuracy required if the 

absolute relative difference between the 

measured value of stack pressure (MP) and 

the pressure value from the calibrated 

pressure reference device (VP) is ≤5.0 percent 

or if the absolute difference between Mp and 

VP is ≤0.12 kilopascals (0.5 inches of water 

column), whichever is less restrictive. 

14.0 Pollution Prevention [Reserved] 

15.0 Waste Management [Reserved] 

16.0 Bibliography 

1. Method 318—Extractive FTIR Method 

for the Measurement of Emissions From the 

Mineral Wool and Wool Fiberglass 

Industries, 40 CFR, part 63, subpart 

HHHHHHH, appendix A. 

2. ‘‘EPA Protocol for the Use of Extractive 

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 

Spectrometry in Analyses of Gaseous 

Emissions from Stationary Industrial 

Sources,’’ February, 1995. 

3. ‘‘Measurement of Gaseous Organic and 

Inorganic Emissions by Extractive FTIR 

Spectroscopy,’’ EPA Contract No. 68–D2– 

0165, Work Assignment 3–08. 

4. ‘‘Method 301—Field Validation of 

Pollutant Measurement Methods from 

Various Waste Media,’’ 40 CFR part 63, 

appendix A. 

5. EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and 

Certification of Gaseous Calibration 

Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency office of Research and Development, 

EPA/600/R–12/531, May 2012. 

17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and 

Validation Data 

TABLE 1—INTERFERENCE TEST GAS

CONCENTRATIONS

Potential 

interferent 

gas 1

Approximate concentration (balance N2) 

CO2 .......... 15% ± 1% CO2.2

CO ........... 100 ± 20 ppm. 

TABLE 1—INTERFERENCE TEST GAS

CONCENTRATIONS—Continued 

Potential 

interferent 

gas 1

Approximate concentration (balance N2) 

CH2O ....... 20 ± 5 ppm. 

CH4 .......... 100 ± 20 ppm. 

NH3 .......... 10 ± 5 ppm (extractive CEMS 

only). 

NO2 .......... 250 ± 50 ppm. 

SO2 .......... 200 ± 20 ppm. 

O2 ............ 3% ± 1% O2.2

H2O .......... 10% ± 1% H2O.2

N2 ............. Balance.2

1Any of these specific gases can be tested 

at a lower level if the manufacturer has provided reliable means for limiting or scrubbing 

that gas to a specified level in CEMS field installations. 2Gases for short path IP cell interference 

tests cannot be added above 100 percent 

stack equivalent concentration. Add these 

gases at the indicated percentages to make 

up the remaining cell volume. 

BILLING CODE P 


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BILLING CODE C 


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Table 2. Example Interference Test Data Sheet 

Date ofTest: ----------------------------------------- Analyzer Type: __________________ _ 

Model No.: ___________________ ___ 

Serial No.: ------------------------ Span: ________________________ __ 

Test Organization: __________________ _ 

Test Personnel: ----------------------

Interference HCl HCl Absolute Average 

Gas or Gas Concentration Concentration Difference Absolute 

Combination (ppmv) (ppmv) (ppmv) Difference 

wlluu::I' ..... (ooJnv) 

Sum of Interference Responses 

Percent of Baseline Concentration 

Percent of Span 
38644 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

TABLE 3—DESIGN STANDARDS FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS

If the sensor is a . . . You can use the following design standards as guidance in selecting a sensor for your IP–CEMS 

1. Thermocouple .................. a. ASTM E235–88 (1996), ‘‘Specification for Thermocouples, Sheathed, Type K, for Nuclear or Other High-Reliability Applications.’’ 

b. ASTM E585/E585M–04, ‘‘Specification for Compacted Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed, Base Metal Thermocouple Cable.’’ 

c. ASTM E608/E608M–06, ‘‘Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples.’’ 

d. ASTM E696–07, ‘‘Specification for Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy Thermocouple Wire.’’ 

e. ASTM E1129/E1129M–98 (2002), ‘‘Standard Specification for Thermocouple Connectors.’’ 

f. ASTM E1159–98 (2003), ‘‘Specification for Thermocouple Materials, Platinum-Rhodium Alloys, and Platinum.’’ 

g. ISA–MC96.1–1982, ‘‘Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.’’ 

2. Resistance temperature 

detector.

ASTM E1137/E1137M–04, ‘‘Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers.’’ 

TABLE 4—PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST ZERO AND REFERENCE GAS RANGES

Test Units 

HCl Zero and Reference Gas Concentrations in Terms 

of Percent of Span a

Section 

Zero Low Level Mid Level High Level 

Calibration Drift ................................................................ % of Span .... <LOD ....... NA 50–60 b NA 11.8 

Measurement Error ......................................................... % of Span .... NA ........... 20–30 50–60 80–100 11.7 

a Reference gas concentration must be NIST traceable. (see section 7.1) 

b Mid-level is required. For DS calibration drift option, choose a concentration that yields a value in this range at the analyzer. 

TABLE 5—STUDENT’S T-VALUES

n-1 a t-value n-1 a t-value n-1 a t-value 

1 ............................................................................................................... 12.71 11 2.201 21 2.080 

2 ............................................................................................................... 4.303 12 2.179 22 2.074 

3 ............................................................................................................... 3.182 13 2.160 23 2.069 

4 ............................................................................................................... 2.776 14 2.145 24 2.064 

5 ............................................................................................................... 2.571 15 2.131 25 2.060 

6 ............................................................................................................... 2.447 16 2.120 26 2.056 

7 ............................................................................................................... 2.365 17 2.110 27 2.052 

8 ............................................................................................................... 2.306 18 2.101 28 2.048 

9 ............................................................................................................... 2.262 19 2.093 29 2.045 

10 ............................................................................................................. 2.228 20 2.086 30 2.042 

aThe value n is the number of independent pairs of measurements. Either discrete (independent) measurements in a single run, or run averages can be used. 


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SOURCE: 

DATE: 

CEMS: 

LOCATION: 

SERIAL NUMBER: 

SPAN: 

RUN REFERENCE GAS CEMS 

NUMBER VALUE RESPONSE DIFFERENCE 

Low Mid High 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Mean Difference = 

Measurement Error = % % % 

Figure 1. Measurement Error Determination 

SOURCE: DATE: 

CEMS: LOCATION: 

SERIAL NUMBER: SPAN: 

LEVEL DA DAT TIME REFERENC CEMS DIFFERENCE PERCENT 

y E EGAS RESPONSE OF SPAN 

VALUE 

1 

2 

r:/1 3 

-c:r:: 4 tl 

0 5 ~ 

~ 6 

N 7 

1 

2 ~ 

~ 3 

> 4 ~ 

~ 5 I 

Qr:/1 6 --c:r:: 

~tl 7 

Figure 2. Calibration Drift Determination 
38646 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

PS–18 Appendix A Standard Addition 

Procedures 

1.0 Scope and Application 

1.1 This appendix to Performance 

Specification (PS) 18 describes the procedure 

and performance requirements for standard 

addition (SA) as a quality check for hydrogen 

chloride (HCl) continuous emission 

monitoring systems (CEMS). 

1.2 This appendix is applicable to quality 

checks of both extractive and integrated path 

(IP) technologies used to measure HCl 

emissions. 

1.3 For extractive CEMS, this procedure 

must be used, as a level of detection (LOD) 

verification of all field-installed CEMS. 

Additionally, it is allowed by Procedure 6 in 

appendix F to this part as an alternative to 

upscale calibration drift (CD) tests, cylinder 

gas audits and relative accuracy audits 

(RAAs), and may be used for quality 

assurance purposes under other applicable 

regulations or permits that require HCl 

monitoring. 

1.4 For IP–CEMS, this procedure must be 

used as a LOD verification of all fieldinstalled CEMS. 

2.0 Summary of the Appendix for Standard 

Addition 

As used here, SA is a gas phase method of 

standard additions (either static or dynamic) 

used to verify the accuracy of CEMS 

measurements in the presence of the sample 

matrix. For extractive CEMS, it consists of 

spiking a known quantity of HCl dynamically 

into the measurement system as an addition 

to the native HCl and the native source gas 

matrix. For IP–CEMS, this procedure consists 

of introducing a known quantity of HCl into 

the optical path that also includes the native 

source gas. 

3.0 Definitions. (See PS–18 and Procedure 6 

of Appendix F to Part 60 for the Definitions 

Used in This Appendix.) 

4.0 Interferences. Interferences are 

discussed in PS–18, section 4.0 

5.0 Safety. The procedures required 

under this appendix may involve hazardous 

materials, operations and equipment. This 

procedure may not address all of the safety 

problems associated with these procedures. 

You as the facility or operator must establish 

appropriate safety and health practices and 

determine the applicable regulatory 

limitations prior to performing these 

procedures. As the CEMS user, you should 

consult instrument operation manuals, 

material safety data sheets, compressed gas 

safety requirements, and other Occupational 

Safety and Health Administration regulations 

for specific precautions to be taken. 

6.0 Equipment and Supplies. An example 

of equipment and supplies is described in 

section 6 of PS–18. 

7.0 Reagents and Standards. SA materials 

must meet the requirements defined for 

reference gases in section 7 of PS–18 to 

perform this procedure with the following 

exception. You may use gases certified by the 

gas vendor to +5 percent to perform the daily 

calibration drift assessment in section 4.1 of 

Procedure 6 in appendix F of this part. 

Note: For extractive CEMS the 

concentrations of reference gases required for 

SA are likely to be significantly higher than 

the concentration of reference gases 

associated with PS–18 requirements. 

8.0 Standard Addition and Dynamic 

Spiking Procedure. The standard addition 

procedure consists of measuring the native 

source gas concentration, addition of 

reference gas, and measurement of the 

resulting SA elevated source gas 

concentration. For extractive CEMS, HCl is 

spiked dynamically and thus, one must 

account for the dilution of sample gas from 

the addition of the HCl reference gas. For IP– 

CEMS, standard addition of an HCl reference 

gas is made by either adding an HCl reference 

gas to a flow through cell or inserting a 

sealed reference gas cell into the 

measurement path of the CEMS. The 

enclosed cell or a fixed cell must contain an 

HCl concentration that accounts for the 

difference in path length of the cell used for 

SA relative to the measurement path. 

8.1 SA Concentration and Measurement 

Replicates. 

8.1.1 You must inject HCl gas to create a 

measured concentration based on the 

requirements of the particular performance 

test (e.g., LOD verification, CD, DSA). 

8.1.2 Each dynamic spike (DS) or 

standard addition (SA) replicate consists of a 

measurement of the source emissions 

concentration of HCl (native stack 

concentration) with and without the addition 

of HCl. With a single CEMS, you must 

alternate the measurement of the native and 

SA-elevated source gas so that each 

measurement of SA-elevated source gas is 

immediately preceded and followed by a 

measurement of native stack gas. Introduce 

the SA gases in such a manner that the entire 

CEMS is challenged. Alternatively, you may 

use an independent continuous HCl monitor 

to measure the native source concentration 

before and after each standard addition as 

described in section 8.1.4. 

8.1.3 Unless specified otherwise by an 

applicable rule, your SA-elevated 

concentration may not exceed 100 percent of 

span when the SA and native HCl 

concentration are combined. 

8.1.4 As an alternative to making 

background measurements pre- and post-SA, 

you may use an independent continuous HCl 

monitor as a temporary unit to measure 

native stack HCl concentration while 

simultaneously using the CEMS to measure 

the SA-elevated source concentration. If you 

use an independent continuous HCl monitor 

you must make one concurrent background 

or native HCl measurement using both the 

installed CEMS and the independent 

continuous HCl monitor, immediately before 

the SA procedure in section 8.2 or 8.3 begins, 

to confirm that the independent monitoring 

system measures the same background 

concentration as the CEMS being qualified 

with this PS. 

8.2 SA Procedure for Extractive CEMS 

(Dynamic Spiking) 

8.2.1 Your HCl spike addition must not 

alter the total volumetric sample system flow 

rate or basic dilution ratio of your CEMS (if 

applicable). 

8.2.2 Your spike gas flow rate must not 

contribute more than 10 percent of the total 

volumetric flow rate through the CEMS. 

8.2.3 You must determine a dilution 

factor (DF) or relative concentration of HCl 

for each dynamic spike. Calibrated, NISTtraceable flow meters accurate to within 2.0 

percent or highly accurate tracer gas 

measurements are required to make the 

necessary DF determinations at the accuracy 

required for this PS. Calibrated, NISTtraceable flow meters (e.g., venturi, orifice) 

accurate to within 2.0 percent should be 

recertified against an NIST-traceable flow 

meter annually. Note: Since the spiking mass 

balance calculation is directly dependent on 

the accuracy of the DF determination, the 

accuracy of measurements required to 

determine the total volumetric gas flow rate, 

spike gas flow rate, or tracer gas standard 

addition concentration is critical to your 

ability to accurately perform the DS 

procedure and calculate the results. 

8.2.4 You must monitor and record the 

total sampling system flow rate and sample 

dilution factor (DF) for the spiking and stack 

gas sampling systems to ensure they are 

known and do not change during the spiking 

procedure. Record all data on a data sheet 

similar to Table A1 in section 13 of this 

appendix. 

8.2.4.1 You may either measure the spike 

gas flow and the total flow with calibrated 

flow meters capable of NIST traceable 

accuracy to ± 2.0 percent or calculate the 

flow using a stable tracer gas included in 

your spike gas standard. 

8.2.4.2 If you use flow measurements to 

determine the spike dilution, then use 

Equation A1 in section 11.2.1 of this 

appendix to calculate the DF. Determination 

of the spike dilution requires measurement of 

HCl spike flow (Qspike) and total flow through 

the CEM sampling system (Qprobe). 

8.2.4.3 If your CEMS is capable of 

measuring an independent stable tracer gas, 

you may use a spike gas that includes the 

tracer to determine the DF using Equation A2 

or A3 (sections 11.2.2 and 11.2.3 of this 

appendix) depending on whether the tracer 

gas is also present in the native source 

emissions. 

8.2.4.4 For extractive CEMS, you must 

correct the background measurements of HCl 

for the dilution caused by the addition of the 

spike gas standard. For spiking systems that 

alternate between addition of HCl and zero 

gas at a constant DF, the background 

measurements between spikes will not be 

equal to the native source concentration. 

8.2.5 Begin by collecting unspiked 

sample measurements of HCl. You must use 

the average of two unspiked sample 

measurements as your pre-spike background. 

Note: Measurements should agree within 

5.0 percent or three times the level of 

detection to avoid biasing the spike results. 

8.2.5.1 Introduce the HCl gas spike into 

the permanent CEMS probe, upstream of the 

particulate filter or sample conditioning 

system and as close to the sampling inlet as 

practical. 

8.2.5.2 Maintain the HCl gas spike for at 

least twice the DS response time of your 

CEMS or until the consecutive measurements 

agree within 5.0 percent. Collect two 


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independent measurements of the native plus 

spiked HCl concentration. 

8.2.5.3 Stop the flow of spike gas for at 

least twice the DS response time of your 

CEMS or until the consecutive measurements 

agree within 5.0 percent. Collect two 

independent measurements of the native HCl 

concentration. 

8.2.6 Repeat the collection of sample 

measurements in section 8.2.5 until you have 

data for each spike concentration including 

a final set of unspiked sample measurements 

according to section 8.2.5.3. 

8.2.7 Verify that the CEMS responded as 

expected for each spike gas injection, and 

that the data quality is not impacted by large 

shifts in the native source concentration. 

Discard and repeat any spike injections as 

necessary to generate a complete set of the 

required replicate spike measurements. 

8.2.8 Calculate the standard addition 

response (SAR) for extractive CEMS, using 

Equation A4 in section 11.2, of this 

appendix. 

8.2.9 If the DS results do not meet the 

specifications for the appropriate 

performance test in PS–18 or Procedure 6 of 

appendix F of this part, you must take 

corrective action and repeat the DS 

procedure. 

8.3 SA Procedure for IP–CEMS (Static 

Spiking). 

8.3.1 For IP–CEMS, you must make 

measurements of native source gas HCl 

concentration and an HCl standard addition 

using a calibration cell added to the optical 

measurement path. 

8.3.2 Introduce zero gas into a calibration 

cell located in the optical measurement path 

of the instrument. Continue to flush the zero 

gas into the cell for at least the SA response 

time of your CEMS or until two consecutive 

measurements taken are within 5.0 percent, 

then collect two independent measurements. 

Alternatively you may measure native 

concentrations without the calibration cell in 

the optical path. 

8.3.3 Introduce the HCl spike gas into the 

calibration cell. Continue to flush the spike 

gas into the cell for at least the SA response 

time of your CEMS or until two consecutive 

measurements taken are within 5.0 percent of 

one another. Then collect two independent 

measurements of the SA addition to the 

native concentration. Alternatively you may 

insert a sealed calibration cell, containing 

HCl at the appropriate concentration, into the 

optical path to measure the SA addition to 

the native concentration. 

8.3.4 Repeat the collection of SA-elevated 

and native HCl measurements in sections 

8.3.2 and 8.3.3 until you have data for each 

SA concentration. Then, make a final native 

HCl measurement. The measured 

concentrations must be corrected for 

calibration cell and stack temperature, 

pressure and stack measurement path length. 

8.3.5 Calculate the standard addition 

response (SAR) for an IP–CEMS, using 

Equation A8 in section 11.3 of this appendix. 

8.3.6 If the SA results do not meet the 

specifications for the appropriate 

performance test in PS–18 or Procedure 6 of 

appendix F of this part, you must take 

corrective action and repeat the SA 

procedure. 

9.0 Quality Control [Reserved] 

10.0 Calibration and Standardization 

[Reserved] 

11.0 Calculations and Data Analysis. 

Calculate the SA response for each 

measurement and its associated native HCl 

measurement(s), using equations in this 

section. (Note: For cases where the emission 

standard is expressed in units of lb/MMBtu 

or corrected to a specified O2 or CO2

concentration, an absolute accuracy 

specification based on a span at stack 

conditions may be calculated using the 

average concentration and applicable 

conversion factors. The appropriate 

procedures for use in cases where a percent 

removal standard is more restrictive than the 

emission standard are the same as in 40 CFR 

part 60, PS–2, sections 12 and 13.) 

11.1 Nomenclature. 

Cspike = Actual HCl reference gas 

concentration spiked (e.g., bottle or 

reference gas concentration) ppmv; 

Ctracer spiked = Tracer gas concentration 

injected with spike gas (‘‘reference 

concentration’’) ppmv; 

DF = Spiked gas dilution factor; 

DSCD = Calibration drift determined using 

DS procedure (percent); 

DSE = Dynamic spike error (ppmv); 

ESA = Effective spike addition (ppmv); 

MCSA = Measured SA-elevated source gas 

concentration (ppmv); 

MCspiked = Measured HCl reference gas 

concentration i (ppmv); 

MCnative = Average measured concentration of 

the native HCl (ppmv); 

Mnative tracer = Measured tracer gas 

concentration present in native effluent gas 

(ppmv); 

Mspiked tracer = Measured diluted tracer gas 

concentration in a spiked sample (ppmv); 

Qspike = Flow rate of the dynamic spike gas 

(Lpm); 

Qprobe = Average total stack sample flow 

through the system (Lpm); 

S = Span (ppmv); 

SAR = Standard addition response (ppmv) 

11.2 Calculating Dynamic Spike 

Response and Error for Extractive CEMS. 

11.2.1 If you determine your spike DF 

using spike gas and stack sample flow 

measurements, calculate the DF using 

equation A1: 

11.2.2 If you determine your spike DF 

using an independent stable tracer gas that is 

not present in the native source emissions, 

calculate the DF for DS using equation A2: 

11.2.3 If you determine your spike 

dilution factor using an independent stable 

tracer that is present in the native source 

emissions, calculate the dilution factor for 

dynamic spiking using equation A3: 

11.2.4 Calculate the SA response using 

Equation A4: 


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11.2.5 Calculate the DS error using 

Equation A5. 

11.2.6 Calculating CD using DS. When 

using the DS option for determining midlevel CD, calculate the CD as a percent of span using equation A6: 

11.2.7 The effective spike addition (ESA) 

is the expected increase in the measured 

concentration as a result of injecting a spike. 

Calculate ESA using Equation A7: 

11.3 Standard Addition Response for IP– 

CEMS. If you use an IP–CEMS and a 

calibration cell, calculate the SA response 

using Equation A8. 

13. Tables and Figures. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 129 / Tuesday, July 7, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 38649 

■ 3. Appendix F to part 60 is amended 

by adding Procedure 6 to read as 

follows: 

Appendix F to Part 60—Quality 

Assurance Procedures 

* * * * * 

Procedure 6. Quality Assurance 

Requirements for Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride 

(HCl) Continuous Emission Monitoring 

Systems Used for Compliance Determination 

at Stationary Sources 

1.0 Applicability and Principle 

1.1 Applicability. Procedure 6 is used to 

evaluate the effectiveness of quality control 

(QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures 

and evaluate the quality of data produced by 

any hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, CAS: 7647– 

01–0, continuous emission monitoring 

system (CEMS) that is used for determining 

compliance with emission standards for HCl 

on a continuous basis as specified in an 

applicable permit or regulation. 

1.1.1 This procedure specifies the 

minimum QA requirements necessary for the 

control and assessment of the quality of 

CEMS data submitted to the Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) or a delegated 

authority. If you are responsible for one or 

more CEMS used for HCl compliance 

monitoring you must meet these minimum 

requirements and you are encouraged to 

develop and implement a more extensive QA 

program or to continue such programs where 

they already exist. 

1.1.2 Data collected as a result of QA and 

QC measures required in this procedure are 

to be submitted to the EPA or the delegated 

authority in accordance with the applicable 

regulation or permit. These data are to be 

used by both the delegated authority and 

you, as the CEMS operator, in assessing the 

effectiveness of the CEMS QC and QA 

procedures in the maintenance of acceptable 

CEMS operation and valid emission data. 

1.2 Principle 

1.2.1 The QA procedures consist of two 

distinct and equally important functions. 

One function is the assessment of the quality 

of the CEMS data by estimating accuracy. 

The other function is the control and 

improvement of the quality of the CEMS data 

by implementing QC policies and corrective 

actions. These two functions form an 

iterative control loop. When the assessment 

function indicates that the data quality is 

inadequate, the control effort must be 

increased until the data quality is acceptable. 

In order to provide uniformity in the 

assessment and reporting of data quality, this 

procedure specifies the assessment 

procedures to evaluate response drift and 

accuracy. The procedures specified are based 

on Performance Specification 18 (PS–18) in 

appendix B to this part. 

(Note: Because the control and corrective 

action function encompasses a variety of 

policies, specifications, standards and 

corrective measures, this procedure treats QC 

requirements in general terms to allow you, 

as source owner or operator to develop the 

most effective and efficient QC system for 

your circumstances.) 

2.0 Definitions 

See PS–18 of this subpart for the primary 

definitions used in this Procedure. 

3.0 QC Requirements 

3.1 You, as a source owner or operator, 

must develop and implement a QC program. 

At a minimum, each QC program must 

include written procedures and/or 

manufacturer’s information which should 

describe in detail, complete, step-by-step 

procedures and operations for each of the 

following activities: 

(a) Calibration Drift (CD) checks of CEMS; 

(b) CD determination and adjustment of 

CEMS; 

(c) Integrated Path (IP) CEMS temperature 

and pressure sensor accuracy checks; 

(d) IP CEMS beam intensity checks; 


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(e) Routine and preventative maintenance 

of CEMS (including spare parts inventory); 

(f) Data recording, calculations, and 

reporting; 

(g) Accuracy audit procedures for CEMS 

including reference method(s); and 

(h) Program of corrective action for 

malfunctioning CEMS. 

3.2 These written procedures must be 

kept on site and available for inspection by 

the delegated authority. As described in 

section 5.4, whenever excessive inaccuracies 

occur for two consecutive quarters, you must 

revise the current written procedures, or 

modify or replace the CEMS to correct the 

deficiency causing the excessive 

inaccuracies. 

4.0 Daily Data Quality Requirements and 

Measurement Standardization Procedures 

4.1 CD Assessment. An upscale gas, used 

to meet a requirement in this section must be 

either a NIST-traceable reference gas or a gas 

certified by the gas vendor to ±5.0 percent 

accuracy. 

4.1.1 CD Requirement. Consistent with 40 

CFR 60.13(d) and 63.8(c), you, as source 

owners or operators of CEMS must check, 

record, and quantify the CD at two levels, 

using a zero gas and mid-level gas at least 

once daily (approximately every 24 hours). 

Perform the CD check in accordance with the 

procedure in applicable performance 

specification (e.g., section 11.8 of PS–18 in 

appendix B of this part). The daily zero- and 

mid-level CD must not exceed two times the 

drift limits specified in the applicable 

performance specification (e.g., section 13.2 

of PS–18 in appendix B to this part.) 

4.1.2 Recording Requirement for CD 

Corrective action. Corrective actions taken to 

bring a CEMS back in control after exceeding 

a CD limit must be recorded and reported 

with the associated CEMS data. Reporting 

corrective action must include the 

unadjusted concentration measured prior to 

resetting the calibration and the adjusted 

value after resetting the calibration to bring 

the CEMS back into control. 

4.1.3 Dynamic Spiking Option for Midlevel CD. For extractive CEMS, you have the 

option to conduct a daily dynamic spiking 

procedure found in section 11.8.8 of PS–18 

of appendix B of this part in lieu of the daily 

mid-level CD check. If this option is selected, 

the daily zero CD check is still required. 

4.1.4 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive 

CD. As specified in § 63.8(c)(7)(i)(A), a CEMS 

is out of control if the zero or mid-level CD 

exceeds two times the applicable CD 

specification in the applicable PS or in the 

relevant standard. When a CEMS is out of 

control, you as owner or operator of the 

affected source must take the necessary 

corrective actions and repeat the tests that 

caused the system to go out of control (in this 

case, the failed CD check) until the 

applicable performance requirements are 

met. 

4.1.5 Additional Quality Assurance for 

Data above Span. This procedure must be 

used when required by an applicable 

regulation and may be used when significant 

data above span is being collected. 

4.1.5.1 Any time the average measured 

concentration of HCl exceeds 150 percent of 

the span value for greater than two hours, 

conduct the following ‘above span’ CEMS 

response check. 

4.1.5.1.1 Within a period of 24 hours 

(before or after) of the ‘above span’ period, 

introduce a higher, ‘above span’ HCl 

reference gas standard to the CEMS. Use 

‘above span’ reference gas that meets the 

requirements of section 7.0 of PS–18 and 

target a concentration level between 75 and 

125 percent of the highest hourly 

concentration measured during the period of 

measurements above span. 

4.1.5.1.2 Introduce the reference gas at 

the probe for extractive CEMS or for IP– 

CEMS as an equivalent path length corrected 

concentration in the instrument calibration 

cell. 

4.1.5.1.3 At no time may the ‘above span’ 

concentration exceed the analyzer full-scale 

range. 

4.1.5.2 Record and report the results of 

this procedure as you would for a daily 

calibration. The ‘above span’ response check 

is successful if the value measured by the 

CEMS is within 20 percent of the certified 

value of the reference gas. 

4.1.5.3 If the ‘above span’ response check 

is conducted during the period when 

measured emissions are above span and there 

is a failure to collect at least one data point 

in an hour due to the response check 

duration, then determine the emissions 

average for that missed hour as the average 

of hourly averages for the hour preceding the 

missed hour and the hour following the 

missed hour. 

4.1.5.4 In the event that the ‘above span’ 

response check is not successful (i.e., the 

CEMS measured value is not within 20 

percent of the certified value of the reference 

gas), then you must normalize the one-hour 

average stack gas values measured above the 

span during the 24-hour period preceding or 

following the ‘above span’ response check for 

reporting based on the CEMS response to the 

reference gas as shown in Eq. 6–1: 

4.2 Beam Intensity Requirement for HCl IP– 

CEMS. 

4.2.1 Beam Intensity Measurement. If you 

use a HCl IP–CEMS, you must quantify and 

record the beam intensity of the IP–CEMS in 

appropriate units at least once daily 

(approximately 24 hours apart) according to 

manufacturer’s specifications and 

procedures. 

4.2.2 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive 

Beam Intensity Loss. If the beam intensity 

falls below the level established for the 

operation range determined following the 

procedures in section 11.2 of PS–18 of this 

part, then your CEMS is out-of-control. This 

quality check is independent of whether the 

CEMS daily CD is acceptable. If your CEMS 

is out-of-control, take necessary corrective 

action. You have the option to repeat the 

beam intensity test procedures in section 

11.2 of PS–18 to expand the acceptable range 

of acceptable beam intensity. Following 

corrective action, repeat the beam intensity 

check. 

4.3 Out Of Control Period Duration for 

Daily Assessments. The beginning of the outof-control period is the hour in which the 

owner or operator conducts a daily 

performance check (e.g., calibration drift or 

beam intensity check) that indicates an 

exceedance of the performance requirements 

established under this procedure. The end of 

the out-of-control period is the completion of 

daily assessment of the same type following 

corrective actions, which shows that the 

applicable performance requirements have 

been met. 

4.4 CEMS Data Status During Out-ofControl Period. During the period the CEMS 

is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be 

used in calculating compliance with an 

emissions limit nor be counted towards 

meeting minimum data availability as 

required and described in the applicable 

regulation or permit. 

5.0 Data Accuracy Assessment 

You must audit your CEMS for the 

accuracy of HCl measurement on a regular 

basis at the frequency described in this 

section, unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable regulation or permit. Quarterly 

audits are performed at least once each 

calendar quarter. Successive quarterly audits, 

to the extent practicable, shall occur no 

closer than 2 months apart. Annual audits are 

performed at least once every four 

consecutive calendar quarters. 

5.1 Temperature and Pressure Accuracy 

Assessment for IP CEMS. 

5.1.1 Stack or source gas temperature 

measurement audits for HCl IP–CEMS must 

be conducted and recorded at least annually 

in accordance with the procedure described 

in section 11.3 of PS–18 in appendix B to this 

part. As an alternative, temperature 

measurement devices may be replaced with 

certified instruments on an annual basis. 

Units removed from service may be bench 

tested against an NIST traceable sensor and 

reused during subsequent years. Any 

measurement instrument or device that is 

used to conduct ongoing verification of 


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temperature measurement must have an 

accuracy that is traceable to NIST. 

5.1.2 Stack or source gas pressure 

measurement audits for HCl IP–CEMS must 

be conducted and recorded at least annually 

in accordance with the procedure described 

in section 11.4 of PS–18 in appendix B of this 

part. As an alternative, pressure 

measurement devices may be replaced with 

certified instruments on an annual basis. 

Units removed from service may be bench 

tested against an NIST traceable sensor and 

reused during subsequent years. Any 

measurement instrument or device that is 

used to conduct ongoing verification of 

pressure measurement must have an 

accuracy that is traceable to NIST. 

5.1.3 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive 

Parameter Verification Inaccuracy. If the 

temperature or pressure verification audit 

exceeds the criteria in sections 5.3.4.5 and 

5.3.4.6, respectively, the CEMS is out-ofcontrol. If the CEMS is out-of-control, take 

necessary corrective action to eliminate the 

problem. Following corrective action, you 

must repeat the failed verification audit until 

the temperature or pressure measurement 

device is operating within the applicable 

specifications, at which point the out-ofcontrol period ends. 

5.2 Concentration Accuracy Auditing 

Requirements. Unless otherwise specified in 

an applicable rule or permit, you must audit 

the HCl measurement accuracy of each CEMS 

at least once each calendar quarter, except in 

the case where the affected facility is off-line 

(does not operate). In that case, the audit 

must be performed as soon as is practicable 

in the quarter in which the unit 

recommences operation. Successive quarterly 

audits must, to the extent practicable, be 

performed no less than 2 months apart. The 

accuracy audits shall be conducted as 

follows: 

5.2.1 Relative Accuracy Test Audit. A 

RATA must be conducted at least once every 

four calendar quarters, except as otherwise 

noted in sections 5.2.5 or 5.5 of this 

procedure. Perform the RATA as described in 

section 11.9 of PS–18 in appendix B to this 

part. If the HCl concentration measured by 

the RM during a RATA (in ppmv) is less than 

or equal to 20 percent of the concentration 

equivalent to the applicable emission 

standard, you must perform a Cylinder Gas 

Audit (CGA) or a Dynamic Spike Audit 

(DSA) for at least one subsequent (one of the 

following three) quarterly accuracy audits. 

5.2.2 Quarterly Relative Accuracy Audit 

(RAA). A quarterly RAA may be conducted 

as an option to conducting a RATA in three 

of four calendar quarters, but in no more than 

three quarters in succession. To conduct an 

RAA, follow the test procedures in section 

11.9 of PS–18 in appendix B to this part, 

except that only three test runs are required. 

The difference between the mean of the RM 

values and the mean of the CEMS responses 

relative to the mean of the RM values (or 

alternatively the emission standard) is used 

to assess the accuracy of the CEMS. Calculate 

the RAA results as described in section 6.2. 

As an alternative to an RAA, a cylinder gas 

audit or a dynamic spiking audit may be 

conducted. 

5.2.3 Cylinder Gas Audit. A quarterly 

CGA may be conducted as an option to 

conducting a RATA in three of four calendar 

quarters, but in no more than three 

consecutive quarters. To perform a CGA, 

challenge the CEMS with a zero-level and 

two upscale level audit gases of known 

concentrations within the following ranges: 

Audit point Audit range 

1 (Mid-Level) .... 50 to 60% of span value. 

2 (High-Level) ... 80 to 100% of span value. 

5.2.3.1 Inject each of the three audit gases 

(zero and two upscale) three times each for 

a total of nine injections. Inject the gases in 

such a manner that the entire CEMS is 

challenged. Do not inject the same gas 

concentration twice in succession. 

5.2.3.2 Use HCl audit gases that meet the 

requirements of section 7 of PS–18 in 

appendix B to this part. 

5.2.3.3 Calculate results as described in 

section 6.3. 

5.2.4 Dynamic Spiking Audit. For 

extractive CEMS, a quarterly DSA may be 

conducted as an option to conducting a 

RATA in three of four calendar quarters, but 

in no more than three quarters in succession. 

5.2.4.1 To conduct a DSA, you must 

challenge the entire HCl CEMS with a zero 

gas in accordance with the procedure in 

section 11.8 of PS–18 in appendix B of this 

part. You must also conduct the DS 

procedure as described in appendix A to PS– 

18 of appendix B to this part. You must 

conduct three spike injections with each of 

two upscale level audit gases. The upscale 

level gases must meet the requirements of 

section 7 of PS–18 in appendix B to this part 

and must be chosen to yield concentrations 

at the analyzer of 50 to 60 percent of span 

and 80 to 100 percent of span. Do not inject 

the same gas concentration twice in 

succession. 

5.2.4.2 Calculate results as described in 

section 6.4. You must calculate the dynamic 

spiking error (DSE) for each of the two 

upscale audit gases using the combination of 

Equation A5 and A6 in appendix A to PS– 

18 in appendix B to this part to determine 

CEMS accuracy. 

5.2.5 Other Alternative Quarterly Audits. 

Other alternative audit procedures, as 

approved by the Administrator, may be used 

for three of four calendar quarters. 

5.3 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive 

Audit Inaccuracy. If the results of the RATA, 

RAA, CGA, or DSA do not meet the 

applicable performance criteria in section 

5.3.4, the CEMS is out-of-control. If the 

CEMS is out-of-control, take necessary 

corrective action to eliminate the problem. 

Following corrective action, the CEMS must 

pass a test of the same type that resulted in 

the out-of-control period to determine if the 

CEMS is operating within the specifications 

(e.g., a RATA must always follow an out-ofcontrol period resulting from a RATA). 

5.3.1 If the audit results show the CEMS 

to be out-of-control, you must report both the 

results of the audit showing the CEMS to be 

out-of-control and the results of the audit 

following corrective action showing the 

CEMS to be operating within specifications. 

5.3.2 Out-Of-Control Period Duration for 

Excessive Audit Inaccuracy. The beginning of 

the out-of-control period is the time 

corresponding to the completion of the 

sampling for the failed RATA, RAA, CGA or 

DSA. The end of the out-of-control period is 

the time corresponding to the completion of 

the sampling of the subsequent successful 

audit. 

5.3.3 CEMS Data Status During Out-OfControl Period. During the period the CEMS 

is out-of-control, the CEMS data may not be 

used in calculating emission compliance nor 

be counted towards meeting minimum data 

availability as required and described in the 

applicable regulation or permit. 

5.3.4 Criteria for Excessive Quarterly and 

Yearly Audit Inaccuracy. Unless specified 

otherwise in the applicable regulation or 

permit, the criteria for excessive inaccuracy 

are: 

5.3.4.1 For the RATA, the CEMS must 

meet the RA specifications in section 13.4 of 

PS–18 in appendix B to this part. 

5.3.4.2 For the CGA, the accuracy must 

not exceed 5.0 percent of the span value at 

the zero gas and the mid- and high-level 

reference gas concentrations. 

5.3.4.3 For the RAA, the RA must not 

exceed 20.0 percent of the RMavg as 

calculated using Equation 6–2 in section 6.2 

of this procedure whether calculated in units 

of HCl concentration or in units of the 

emission standard. In cases where the RA is 

calculated on a concentration (ppmv) basis, 

if the average HCl concentration measured by 

the RM during the test is less than 75 percent 

of the HCl concentration equivalent to the 

applicable standard, you may substitute the 

equivalent emission standard value (in 

ppmvw) in the denominator of Equation 6– 

2 in the place of RMavg and the result of this 

alternative calculation of RA must not exceed 

15.0 percent. 

5.3.4.4 For DSA, the accuracy must not 

exceed 5.0 percent of the span value at the 

zero gas and the mid- and high-level 

reference gas concentrations or 20.0 percent 

of the applicable emission standard, 

whichever is greater. 

5.3.4.5 For the gas temperature 

measurement audit, the CEMS must satisfy 

the requirements in section 13.7 in PS–18 of 

appendix B to this part. 

5.3.4.6 For the gas pressure measurement 

audit, the CEMS must satisfy the 

requirements in section 13.8 in PS–18 of 

appendix B to this part. 

5.4 Criteria for Acceptable QC 

Procedures. Repeated excessive inaccuracies 

(i.e., out-of-control conditions resulting from 

the quarterly or yearly audits) indicate that 

the QC procedures are inadequate or that the 

CEMS is incapable of providing quality data. 

Therefore, whenever excessive inaccuracies 

occur for two consecutive quarters, you must 

revise the QC procedures (see section 3.0) or 

modify or replace the CEMS. 

5.5 Criteria for Optional QA Test 

Frequency. If all the quality criteria are met 

in sections 4 and 5 of this procedure, the 

CEMS is in-control. 

5.5.1 Unless otherwise specified in an 

applicable rule or permit, if the CEMS is incontrol and if your source emits ≤75 percent 

of the HCl emission limit for each averaging 

period as specified in the relevant standard 

for eight consecutive quarters that include a 


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minimum of two RATAs, you may revise 

your auditing procedures to use CGA, RAA 

or DSA each quarter for seven subsequent 

quarters following a RATA. 

5.5.2 You must perform at least one 

RATA that meets the acceptance criteria 

every 2 years. 

5.5.3 If you fail a RATA, RAA, CGA, or 

DSA, then the audit schedule in section 5.2 

must be followed until the audit results meet 

the criteria in section 5.3.4 to start 

requalifying for the optional QA test 

frequency in section 5.5. 

6.0 Calculations for CEMS Data Accuracy 

6.1 RATA RA Calculation. Follow 

Equations 9 through 14 in section 12 of PS– 

18 in appendix B to this part to calculate the 

RA for the RATA. The RATA must be 

calculated either in units of the applicable 

emission standard or in concentration units 

(ppmv). 

6.2 RAA Accuracy Calculation. Use 

Equation 6–2 to calculate the accuracy for the 

RAA. The RA may be calculated in 

concentration units (ppmv) or in the units of 

the applicable emission standard. 

Where: 

RA = Accuracy of the CEMS (percent) 

MNavg = Average measured CEMS response 

during the audit in units of applicable 

standard or appropriate concentration. 

RMavg = Average reference method value in 

units of applicable standard or 

appropriate concentration. 

6.3 CGA Accuracy Calculation. For each 

gas concentration, determine the average of 

the three CEMS responses and subtract the 

average response from the audit gas value. 

For extractive CEMS, calculate the ME at 

each gas level using Equation 3A in section 

12.3 of PS–18 in appendix B to this part. For 

IP–CEMS, calculate the ME at each gas level 

using Equation 6A in section 12.4.3 of PS– 

18 in appendix B to this part. 

6.4 DSA Accuracy Calculation. DSA 

accuracy is calculated as a percent of span. 

To calculate the DSA accuracy for each 

upscale spike concentration, first calculate 

the DSE using Equation A5 in appendix A of 

PS–18 in appendix B to this part. Then use 

Equation 6–3 to calculate the average DSA 

accuracy for each upscale spike 

concentration. To calculate DSA accuracy at 

the zero level, use equation 3A in section 

12.3 of PS–18 in appendix B to this part. 

7.0 Reporting Requirements 

At the reporting interval specified in the 

applicable regulation or permit, report for 

each CEMS the quarterly and annual 

accuracy audit results from section 6 and the 

daily assessment results from section 4. 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable 

regulation or permit, include all data sheets, 

calculations, CEMS data records (i.e., charts, 

records of CEMS responses), reference gas 

certifications and reference method results 

necessary to confirm that the performance of 

the CEMS met the performance 

specifications. 

7.1 Unless otherwise specified in the 

applicable regulations or permit, report the 

daily assessments (CD and beam intensity) 

and accuracy audit information at the 

interval for emissions reporting required 

under the applicable regulations or permits. 

7.1.1 At a minimum, the daily 

assessments and accuracy audit information 

reporting must contain the following 

information: 

a. Company name and address. 

b. Identification and location of monitors 

in the CEMS. 

c. Manufacturer and model number of each 

monitor in the CEMS. 

d. Assessment of CEMS data accuracy and 

date of assessment as determined by a RATA, 

RAA, CGA or DSA described in section 5 

including: 

i. The RA for the RATA; 

ii. The accuracy for the CGA, RAA, or DSA; 

iiii. Temperature and pressure sensor audit 

results for IP–CEMS; 

iv. The RM results, the reference gas 

certified values; 

v. The CEMS responses; 

vi. The calculation results as defined in 

section 6; and 

vii. Results from the performance audit 

samples described in section 5 and the 

applicable RMs. 

e. Summary of all out-of-control periods 

including corrective actions taken when 

CEMS was determined out-of-control, as 

described in sections 4 and 5. 

7.1.2 If the accuracy audit results show 

the CEMS to be out-of-control, you must 

report both the audit results showing the 

CEMS to be out-of-control and the results of 

the audit following corrective action showing 

the CEMS to be operating within 

specifications. 

8.0 Bibliography 

1. EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and 

Certification of Gaseous Calibration 

Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency office of Research and Development, 

EPA/600/R–12/531, May 2012. 

2. Method 205, ‘‘Verification of Gas 

Dilution Systems for Field Instrument 

Calibrations,’’ 40 CFR part 51, appendix M. 

9.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts— 

[Reserved] 

[FR Doc. 2015–16385 Filed 7–6–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES 

45 CFR Part 155 

[CMS–9944–F2] 

RIN 0938–AS19 

Patient Protection and Affordable Care 

Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and 

Payment Parameters for 2016; 

Correcting Amendment 

AGENCY: Centers for Medicare & 

Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS. 

ACTION: Final rule; correcting 

amendment. 

SUMMARY: This document corrects a 

technical error that appeared in the final 

rule published in the February 27, 2015 

Federal Register (80 FR 10749) entitled 

‘‘Patient Protection and Affordable Care 

Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment 

Parameters for 2016.’’ 

DATES: Effective Date: This correction 

document is effective July 7, 2015. 

Application Date: The correction is 

applicable as of April 28, 2015. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Jeff Wu, (301) 492–4305. 

Krutika Amin, (301) 492–5153. 

Lindsey Murtagh, 301–492–4106. 

Rachel Arguello, 301–492–4263. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background 

In FR Doc. 2015–03751 (80 FR 10749 

through 10877), the final rule entitled 


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