Vital and

Health Statistics

Supplements to the

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report:

Advance Reports,

1991 and 1992

Series 24:

Compilations of Data on Natality,

Mortality, Marriage, Divorce, and

Induced Terminations of Pregnancy

No, 7

These supplements to the A40nth/yV/ta/SfatkWs /?epd pkserrt summary

tabulations from final natality and mortality statistics for 1991 and 1992,

Natality and mortality data are based on information from the standard

certificates filed in all States and the Distttctof Columbia, These reports

were originally published in 1993-95, More detailed tabulations are

published in V/ta/Stat/st/csof the LWted States annual volumes,

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Publlc Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Heaith Statistics

Hyattsviiie, Maryland

October 1996

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 96-1957
Copyright Information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or cupied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

National Center for Health Statistics. Supplements to the monthly vital stati~tcs

report: advance reports, 199t and 1992. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vial Health Stat 24(7). 1996.

I

—
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondi~ Ph.D., Director

Jack R. Anderson, Deputy Director

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemwlogy, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Planning and

Extramural Programs

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Associate Director for

International Statistics

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for DataProcessing

and Services

Kenneth W. Hams, Acting Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Division of Vital Statistics

Mary Anne Freedman, Director

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Deputy Director

Robert Bilgrad, Special Assistant to the Director

Robert J. Armstrong, Actuarial Adviser

Harry M. Rosenberg, Ph.D., Chiej Mortality Statistics Branch

Robert L. Heuser, ChtiJ Natality Marriage, and Divorce

Statistics Branch

George A Gay, Chiej Registration Methods Branch

William D. Mosher, Ph.D., ChieJ Family Growth Suwey Branch

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Acting ChieJ Followback Suwey Branch

Ronald Chamblee, Chie$ Technical Services Branch

Robert J. Armstrong, Acting Chiej Statistical Resources Branch

Nicholas F. Pace, Acting Chiej Systems and Programming Branch
Advance report of final natality statistics, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol.4& No. 3, SUPP

Advancereport of final natality statistics, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. 43, No. 5, fhq)l)

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Vol. 42, No. 2, supp

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. 43, No. 6, Supp

...

Ill
Vol. 42, No. 3, Supplement ● September 9, 1993

*

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics,

Contents

Births and birth rates. . . . . . . . 1

Births byrace . . . . . . . . . ...4

Total fertility rate . . . . . . . . . . 6

Geographic areas . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sexratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6

Month of birth . . . . . . . . . . . ...6

Dayofweek . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6

Place ofdelivery . . . . . . . . . ...6

Attendant at birth . . . . . . . . ...7

Ageoffather . . . . . . . . . . . . ...7

Weight at birth . . . . . . . . . . ...7

Multiple births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Unmarried mothers . . . . . . . . . 9

interval . . ..oo . . ..o . . . . . . ...9

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Hispanic births . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

American Indian and Asian or

Pacific Islander births . . . . . 11

Prenatal care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Prenatal visits o. . . . . . . . . ..o13

Period of gestation . . . . . . . . 13

Apgar score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Births and birth rates

There were 4,110,907 babies born

in the United States in 1991, a

l-percent decrease compared with the

1990 total of 4,158,212. Between 1986

and 1990, the annual number of births

had increased steadily, by 11 percent

overaH. Provisional data indicate a

l-percent decline for 1992 (table 1 and

figure 1).

The birth rate for 1991 was 16.3

live births per 1,000 total population–

2 percent lower than the 1990 rate of

16.7– reversing the 7-percent increase

of the previous 5-year period. The birth

rate continued to decline in 1992

according to provisional data.

The fertili~ rate (the number of

live births per 1,000 women 15-44 years

old) declined 2 percent in 1990, to 69.6.

Provisional data indicate an additional

l-percent decline in the fertility rate

for 1992. Between 1986 and 1990, the

fertility rate had increased 8 percent.

The pattern of change between

1990 and 1991 in birth rates varied

considerably by

1991

age. Rates for women

in their twenties and early thirties, who

account for more than three-quarters

of all births, decreased 1–2 percent.

The only notable increases were

observed for women 15-17 and 18–19

years old; there was a small increase

for women 35-39 years old. Birth rates

for other age groups were unchanged.

(Basic data are shown in table 2.)

The rate for women 15-17 years of

age increased 3 percent to 38.7 per

1,000, and the rate for women 18-19

years old increased 7 percent to 94.4

per 1,000. Between 1986 and 1991,

these rates increased 27 percent for

women 15-17 years and 19 percent for

women aged 18-19 (tables 3 and 4, and

figure 2). The rates for teenagers 15-17

years were very stable at 31–33 per

1,000 between 1977 and 1986, but have

risen sharply since, by 3–8 percent

annually. If the birth rate observed for

this age group at its low point in 1986

(30.5) had remained in effect in 1991,

there would have been 40,000 fewer

births to young teenagers than the

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics. Stephanie J. Ventura and Joyce A. Martin of the NataIity, Marriage, and Divorce

Statistics Branch wrote the report. Thomas Dunn provided statistical tables and content review. Linda Elias and Virginia Brainard provided

computer programming support. The Registration Methods Branch and the Technical Services Branch provided consultation to State vital

statistics offices regarding collection of the birth certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Margaret Ave~ and

typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

cmCENTERSFOR DISEASECONTROL

AND PlrEvEmle+4
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

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1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

NOTE Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based m registered live births; trend lines for 1920-59 are based on live births adjuated for underregistration.

I

Figure 1. Live births and fertilit y rates: United States, 1920-91

number reported in 1991 (188,226).

Moreover, if the 1986 birth rate had

been in effect during the period

1987–91, there would have been a total

of 126,000 fewer births to these very

young women.

The birth rate of 94.4 per 1,000 for

women 18-19 years of age was higher

than in any year since 1972 (96.9). The

rates for older teenagers had been

fairly stable at 77–82 per 1,000 from

1976 to 1988. The increases since 1988

have been 5-7 percent annually.

Women in their thirties had relatively large increases in birth rates in

recent years. For these women, 1991

appears to mark a turning point. The

rate for women 30-34 years old

declined for only the second time in 15

years, by 2 percent, to 79.5 per 1,000;

the rate for women 35-39 years

increased just 1 percent to 32.0

(table 4). Prior to the recent increases

in teenagers’ birth rates, women in

their thirties composed the only age

group for whom birth rates had

increased almost continuously since the rise in the birth rate but also the

mid- to late 1970’s. The rate for women

30-34 years old increased 31 percent

between 1980 and 1990, and 54 percent between 1975 and 1990. The rate

for women aged 35–39 increased

60 percent between 1980 and 1990.

Not only did the birth rate decline

for women in their early thirties, but

the number of women in that age group

increased only 1 percent (l). As a consequence, the number of births to

women 30–34 years of age declined

slightly in 1991 for the first time since

1973, when the trend to make up for

previously postponed childbearing first

began (2). The number of births to

these women (884,862) was still more

than double the number recorded in

1975 (375,500).

The number of births to women

35–39 years old continued to rise in

1991, a 4-percent increase compared

with 1990, and the highest total

(330,993) since 1962. This increase

reflects not only the modest l-percent

3-percent increase in the number of

women aged 35–39.

In 1991, birth rates for women in

the peak childbearing age groups 20–24

and 25–29 years declined by 1 and

2 percent, respectively, to 115,7 and

118.2 per 1,000, respectively. Although

the birth rate for women 40-44 years

of age had risen from 3.9 to 5.5 births

per 1,000 between 1984 and 1990, there

was no change in the rate in 19911.The

7-percent increase in the number of

births for this age group (to 52,095)

was associated entirely with the

7-percent growth in the number of

women 40-44 years old.

In accounting for recent trends in

childbearing at older ages, it is important to review variations in childlessness, which has increased among

women in their early to midthirties and

continues to be relatively higlh. For

example, at the end of 1991, 21 percent of 35-year-old women were childless, compared with 11 percent of
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 3

400

300

200

100

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80

70

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1- 3

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1985 1990

NOTE Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live birth% trend lines for 1955-59 are based on live births adjusted for underregistration.

Figure 2. Birth rates by age of mother: United States, 1955-91

women aged 35 years at the end of

1975. Nonetheless, survey data based

on currently married women show that

nearly two-thirds of those currently

childless expect to have at least one

child (3). This suggests that some birth

rates, at least those for women in their

late thirties having their first child,

would continue to increase during the

next few years. It is possible, however,

that fertility impairments will limit the

ftdfillment of these expectations. More

than one-third of childless wives aged

35-44 years in 1988 were reported to

have impaired fertility (4). Women

compensating for previously postponed

childbearing are disproportionately well

educated. For example, 47-52 percent

of women in their thirties having their

first child in 1991 were college graduates, compared with 34 percent of those

aged 25-29 and just 7 percent of those

20–24 years old.

The continued large increase in

birth rates for teenagers is associated

in part with the growing proportion of

teenagers who are sexually active.

According to a recent report of sexual

activity among high school students,

32-67 percent of women in grades 9-12

in 1990 were sexually experienced; of

those who were sexually experienced,

three-quarters were currently sexually

active at the time of the survey (5).

Pregnancy rates for teenagers increased

during the years 1986-88, with relatively little change in the abortion rate

(6). Thus, most of the rise in pregnancy rates among teenagers is

reflected in increasing birth rates.

Another important factor in the

rapid increase in birth rates for white

teenagers is the growing proportion of

white teenage births to Hispanic women

in recent years. In 1991, 3 in 10 births
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

to white teenagers were to Hispanic

women (see later section in text and

related tables). Rates for Hispanic

women have substantial impact on rates

for white women, particularly because

97 percent of Hispanic mothers are

reported as white on the birth certificate. In 1991, the rate for white teenagers was 52.8 per 1,000 15–19-yearolds. The corresponding rate for

Hispanic teenagers was 106.7 per 1,000,

compared with a rate of 42.7 for nonHispanic white teenagers, The Hispanic teenage rate increased 6 percent

between 1990 and 1991; the rate for

non-Hispanic white teenagers rose less

than 1 percent.

In addition to the disparity in rates

for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white

teenagers, there is also a disparity in

the growth of the female teenage population. Between 1986 and 1991, the

total white teenage population declined

11 percent; the number of Hispanic

women 15–19 years of age increased

12 percent, and the number of nonHispanic white teenagers declined

14 percent (l). In other words, the

sustained increase in the white teenage

birth rate since the mid-1980’s reflects,

in part, the combined impact of the

much higher fertility of Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic white teenagers and the growing proportion of

the white teenage population that is

Hispanic. Fertility patterns among Hispanic women are discussed in detail

later in this report.

Despite the increase in birth rates

for teenagers and the decline in rates

for women 20-34 years of age, the

proportion of all births to teenagers

remained at 13 percent in 1991, as it

had since 1988. This apparent anomaly

results from the continued decline in

the teenaged population both in absolute numbers and as a proportion of

the population of childbearing age, and

from wide disparities in population

change for other ages during this

period. The total number of women

15-44 years old increased 3 percent –

from 57.4 to 59.1 million –between

1986 and 1991 (l). While the number

of teenagers declined 9 percent —from

9.2 million in 1986 to 8.4 milIion in

1991–and the number of women 20-34

years old decreased 2 percent, the

number of women 35–44 years old (all

members of the post–World War II

baby-boom generation) increased

18 percent.

As the smaller numbers of women

under age 25 replace the much larger

numbers of women 25-44 years of age

during the next several years, the total

number of births can be expected to

decline unless there are more-thancompensating increases in birth rates

for women in the principal childbearing age groups. The fact that rates

for women in the age groups 20-34

years all declined in 1991 suggests that

an increase in the number of births is

unlikely, Additionally, the provisional

estimate of the number of births in

1992 was 1 percent lower than the 1991

total.

Birth rates declined by 2-3 percent for first-, second-, and third-order

births, and were unchanged for higher

birth orders (tables 3 and 5, and figure 3). This, too, is a reversal of the

pattern of increase reported for

1988–90. As a consequence of the

2-percent decrease in the first-birth

rate, the number of first births fell in

1991, the first decline since 1986.

The only first-birth rates to increase

were rates for women 15–17 and 18-19

years of age – with increases of 3 and

5 percent, respectively– and for women

35–39 years of age (1 percent). Firstbirth rates for women 20-34 years of

age declined 1-2 percent. Rates for

women in their forties were unchanged.

The pattern of change for secondorder rates was similar, except that

increases in these rates for teenagers

were greater (4-8 percent). There was

also an increase in the second-order

rate for women 40-44 years old.

Since 1986, when teenage birth

rates began to rise, first-birth rates

have increased substantially for teenagers compared with rates for women

in their twenties, the peak childbearing

ages. Between 1986 and 1991, the firstbirth rate rose 24 percent for women

15–17 years old and 14 percent for

older teenagers (18-19 years old), compared with increases of 5-11 percent

for women in their twenties. First-birth

rates also rose considerably for women

in the 35–39-year and 40-44-year age

groups (45-67 percent).

Second-order birth rates for teenagers also increased sharply between

1986 and 1991, by 46 percent for

women 15–17 years old and 24 percent

for women 18–19 years old. Increases

in rates for women in their twenties

were very modest (4 and 2 percent,

respectively), and rates for women

35-44 years old rose sharply (by

38-75 percent).

Births by race –Since 1989, birth

data compiled by the National Center

for Health Statistics (NCHS) have been

tabulated primarily by race of mother

as reported directly on the birth certificate. Before 1989, birth tabulations

were by race of child, as determined by

an algorithm based on information

reported for the mother and father.

Children of mixed-racial parentage with

one white parent were assigned the

race of the other parent. When neither

parent was white, the child was generally assigned the father’s race. Other

details of current and former procedures concerning the tabulations of

births by race are described in the

Technical notes. Changing the basis

for tabulating birth data from race of

child to race of mother generally results

in more white births and fewer black

births and births of other races.

In this report, the discussions of

changes in rates and various othm measures between 1991 and previous years

are based on rates and measures computed by race of mother. Text references to white births and white mothers

or black births and black mothers are

all based on tabulations by race of

mother.

In 1991, the fertility rate for white

women was 67.0 live births per 1,000

women 15-44 years of age, 2 percent

below the 1990 rate (68,3). The rate

for black women also declined 2 percent, to 85.2 in 1991, compared with

86.8 in 1990. The 2-percent decline for

white women is associated entirely with

the 4-percent decrease in the birth

rate for married white women; the rate

for unmarried white women increased

5 percent between 1990 and 1991. The

2-percent reduction in the fertility rate

for black women was due mostly to the

decline in the birth rate for married

black women (3 percent); the rate for

unmarried black women also declined,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~5

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1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19s0 1965 1aeo

NOTE: Beginning with 1959, trend lines are based on registered live births; trend lines for 1955-59 are based on live births adjusted for underregistration.

Figure 3. Birth rates by live-birth orde~ United States, 1955-91

by .1percent. (See later section for

discussion of births to unmarried

women.)

Birth rates by race for women

under age 25 years differ substantially,

with rates for black women 1%-2 times

greater than rates for white women.

Birth rates rose at a faster pace for

white than for black teenagers in 1991,

by 4-7 percent compared with 2-4 percent. The birth rate for white women

20-24 years of age declined 1 percent,

while the rate for bIack women in their

earIy twenties increased less than 1 percent. Rates by age for white and black

women 25-49 years old were very similar and changed little between 1990

and 1991 (by 1-2 percent).

Birth rates by live-birth order

declined for both white and black

women having their first, second, or

third child. Rates for white women

having their fourth- or higher-order

birth were unchanged, as were rates

for first- through fourth- and eighthand-higher-order births to black

women. Rates for fifth- and sixth-andseventh+mder births to black women

rose 3–5 percent.

The large increases in birth rates

for white teenagers reflected comparably large increases in rates for firstand second-order births for women

15–17 years old and first- through

fourth-order rates for women 18-19

years old. Rates by live-birth order for
6~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

black teenagers generally tended to

increase more as live-birth order

increased from first- through fifthorder births.

Total fertili~ rafe – The total fertility rate is a measure that indicates

how many births 1,000 women would

have if they experienced throughout

their childbearing years the set of agespecific birth rates observed in a given

calendar year. It is a hypothetical measure that shows the implications of

current fertility levels for completed

family size. The total fertili~ rate is

age adjusted because it is computed

from age-specific birth rates; it assumes

the same number of women in each

age group.

The total fertility rate in 1991 was

2,073.0, slightly lower than the rate in

1990 (2,081.0) (table 4). The total fertility rate had risen steadily between

1986 and 1990, from 1,837.5 to

2,081.0 – a 13-percent rise. The small

decline from 1990 to 1991 results

mainly from the decline in rates for

women 20–34 years old, which was

only partly offset by increases in rates

for teenagers. The level of 2,073.0

remains below (by 1 percent) the level

considered necessary for a given generation to replace itself exactly in the

population over the long run (2,100).

The total fertility rate has not exceeded

replacement level since 1971 (2,266.5).

The total fertility rate for white

women in 1991 was 1,995.5 —less than

1 percent below the rate for 1990–

while the rate for black women in

1991, as in 1990, was 2,480.0.

Geographic division and State

The number of births declined in

seven of the nine geographic divisions

by up to 4 percent between 1990 and

1991. Declines were up to 2 percent in

the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South

Atlantic, and Pacific divisions, and

4 percent in New England. The number

of births increased very slightly in the

West South Central and Mountain divisions. (See table 6 for 1991 data.) Births

declined in all but nine States (Delaware, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Texas,

Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada,

and Washington). The range of decline

was considerable, with the largest

reductions in the New England States

(3-7 percent). Declines of 3-4 percent

were also observed in North Dakota,

Kansas, Floridaj Arkansas, Wyoming,

and Hawaii.

The birth rate per 1,000 total population declined in every geographic

division by 2-4 percent. The largest

consistent declines were measured in

the New England and Pacific States,

but reductions of 3 percent or more

were also observed in 20 other States.

The rate for the District of Columbia

increased slightly; there was no change

in the rate for Oklahoma.

There was a similar pattern of

decline in fertility rates per 1,000

women 15-44 years of age. Rates fell

by 1-3 percent in all divisions. Rates

by State dropped by up to 6 percent in

all but three States. The rate for the

District of Columbia rose 3 percent;

rates for New Jersey and New Mexico

did not change. Six-percent declines

were reported for New Hampshire and

Wyoming.

Sex ratio

The 1991 sex ratio at birth declined

to 1,046 from 1,050 in 1990 (table 7).

This is the lowest ratio reported in the

more than 50 years that these data

have been available, Most of the change

between 1990 and 1991 can be attributed to the decline in the ratio for

white births (from 1,054 to 1,049). The

ratio for black births increased slightly

to 1,029 from 1,031.

Month of birth

In 11 of the 12 months of 1991,

monthly birth and fertility rates were

below the rates observed in 1990; only

in December were the rates slightly

higher. Continuing a pattern observed

for many years, the peak months of

occurrence of births in 1991 were July,

August, and September (table 8). When

the seasonal component is removed

from the monthly birth and fertility

rates, the underlying trends can be

observed. Seasonally adjusted birth and

fertility rates for the first half of 1991

were, on average, higher than the rates

for the second half of the year.

Provisional data for 1992 suggest a

strengthening of this pattern.

Day of week of birth

The increasing concentration of

births on Tuesdays through Fridays

with concomitant deficits on weekends

and holidays, observed since 1980 when

these data first became available, intensified for 1991. (See table 9 for 1991

data.) The index of occurrence of births

suggests the magnitude of the pattern.

The index is defined as the ratio of the

average daily number of births for the

year, multiplied by 100. Thus an index

of 100.0 represents the average daily

number of births in 1991 – 11,263. The

index for births occurring on the peak

day of occurrence, Tuesdays, was 109.2,

37 percent higher than the Sunday

index of 79.7. In contrast, in 1980,

Tuesday births exceeded Sundays’ by

22 percent.

The concentration of deliveries on

weekdays has been associated with the

high rate of cesarean deliveries

(23.5 percent of all births in 1991),

and, in particular, repeat cesareans

(35 percent of all cesareans in 1991)

(7), which are more likely to be planned

in advance and less likely to be scheduled for a weekend or holiday. In 1990,

the Sunday index of occurrence for

cesarean deliveries was 58.6 compared

with 84.9 for vaginal deliveries.

The more recent (1989-91)

increase in the weekend deficit cannot

be attributed to cesarean delivery rates,

which appear to have stabilized. The

shortfall may be explained in part by

the rise in inductions of labor, which

increased by 5 percent between 1989

and 1990 (8,9).

Place of delivery

There was virtually no change in

delivery-utilization patterns noted

between 1990 and 1991. The proportion of births reported to have occurred

in hospitals remained the same

(98.9 percent). Similarly, the percent

of all births that occurred in freestanding birthing centers (0,3 percent)

and in residences (0.7 percent) was

essentially the same as that of the

previous year. (See table 10 for 1991

data.)
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 7

Most nonhospital births in 1991

occurred in residences (60 percent),

about the same as in 1990 (59 percent). For 1991, as for the previous

year, births occurred in residences at a

higher rate for black mothers (73 percent) than for white mothers (58 percent compared with 57 percent for

1990).

Out-of-hospital births were more

prevalent among white mothers

(1.2 percent) than among black mothers

(0.8 percent), reflecting white mothers’

greater usage of birthing centers. The

percent of nonhospital births occurring

in birthing centers in 1991 (31.0)

declined slightly from the 1990 level of

31.4 percent. Decreases in birthing

center utilization were noted for both

white (from 35.1 to 34.6 percent) and

black mothers (from 10.3 to

9.7 percent).

Attendant at birth

The proportion of births attended

by doctors of medicine (M.D.’s) and

doctors of osteopathy (D. O.’S) declined

to 94.8 percent of all births in 1991

compared with 95.3 percent in 1990

(table 10). This rate has been slowly

declining since a high of 99.5 percent

in 1974. Conversely, the growth in

midwife-attended births observed

throughout the 1980’s continued. Total

midwife deliveries accounted for

4.4 percent of all births in 1991 compared with 3.9 percent in 1990 and

1.7 percent in 1980. BeNeen 1980 and

1991, the proportion of midwifeattended births increased in both hospital and nonhospital settings, but

growth has been more pronounced

among in-hospital births, which

increased by 186 percent (from 1.4 to

4.0 percent), compared with births

occurring in out-of-hospital settings,

which increased by 50 percent (from

32.1 percent to 48.2 percent).

Physicians attended 95.6 percent of

all hospital births, 33.6 percent of births

in freestanding birthing centers, and

19.8 percent of deliveries in residences

in 1991. The proportion of all physicianattended births delivered by D.O.’S

increased to 3.5 percent, compared with

3.1 percent in 1990. Of all physicianattended births, D.O.’S delivered

3.4 percent of in-hospital and 12.3 percent of out-of-hospital births.

The proportion of births attended

by midwives in freestanding birthing

centers increased to 65 percent in 1991,

compared with 58 percent in 1990. Certified nurse midwives delivered the vast

majority (92 percent) of all midwifeattended births in 1991. Of midwifeattended births, certified nurse

midwives attended almost all in-hospital births (98 percent) and a preponderance of births in freestanding

birthing centers (67 percent). In comparison, 28 percent of the midwifeattended births occurring in residences,

clinics, or doctors’ offices were delivered by certified nurse midwives. These

proportions are essentially unchanged

from 1990.

The proportion of white births

attended by midwives increased from

3.7 percent to 4.2 percent between 1990

and 1991; however, black mothers continue to be more likely than white

mothers to be attended by a nurse

midwife in hospital settings (4.8 percent compared with 3.6 percent). Conversely, white mothers are more likely

to be attended by midwives in freestanding birthing centers (66 percent

compared with 55 percent).

Age of father

The birth rate for men declined

2 percent in 1991, to 57.1 live births

per 1,000 men 15–54 years old. From

1980 through 1991, this rate varied

little, ranging from a low of 54.8 (1986)

to a high of 58.4 (1990). Basic data are

shown in tables 11 and 12.

Changes in birth rates by age of

father were similar to those by age of

mother. The rate for men 15–19 years

of age increased 6 percent, and rates

for men in age groups 25-29 through

40–44 years and 50-54 years fell

1-4 percent. The rates for men aged

20–24, 45-49, and 55 and over did not

change. The rate for teenaged men has

risen sharply since 1986, by 39 percent,

even more rapidly than for teenaged

women (24 percent).

The birth rates for white and black

men each declined 2 percent in 1991,

to 53.3 for white men and 83.4 for

black men. Changes in rates for white

and black men by age were very similar

for age groups 15-19 through 40-44

years. Rates for white men 50-54 years

old and white and black men 55 years

old and older did not change. The rate

for black men 50-54 years old fell

6 percent.

Weight at birth

The incidence of low birthweight

(less than 2,500 grams or 5 pounds 8

ounces) increased to 7.1 percent in 1991

compared with 7.0 percent in 1990. This

is the highest rate observed since 1978

(also 7.1 percent). The percent of low

birthweight increased for both white

(from 5.7 to 5.8 percent) and black

births (from 13.3 to 13.6 percent). Most

of the overall increase, and that for

both white and black births, can be

attributed to rises in low-birthweight

levels among women in their thirties.

Low birthweight and, in particular, very

low birthweight (less than 1,500 grams

or 3 pounds 4 ounces) – the result of

preterm birth, intrauterine growth

retardation, or both —are strongly associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity and may be related to childhood

developmental delays (10). (Data for

1991 are shown in table 13.)

Substantial increases in lowbirthweight rates between 1990 and

1991 were noted for births to white

mothers under 15 years of age (from

10.3 to 11.2 percent) and mothers 35–39

years of age (from 6.3 to 6.5 percent).

Among black mothers, the largest

increases were for mothers 30-34 years

of age (14.3 to 15.1 percent), 35-39

years of age (15.3 to 16.0 percent), and

40-44 years of age (15.1 to 16.3 percent).

Traditionally, the youngest

mothers, those under 15 years of age,

have carried the greatest risk of bearing

a Iow-birthweight child. This tendency

has been observed among both white

and black births. The current year

marks a departure from this pattern

for black mothers. For 1991, black

mothers 35–39 and 40-44 years of age

were more likely to bear a lowbirthweight infant (16.0 percent and

16.3 percent, respectively) than were

black mothers under 15 years of age

(15.9 percent). Since 1989, the rate of

increase for low birthweight for black

births has been the most pronounced
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42,. No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

(9-10 percent) for these older age

groups. In comparison, rates of low

birthweight for births to the youngest

white mothers were at least 35 percent

higher than those of any other age

group (11.2 percent for mothers under

15 years and 8,3 percent for mothers

45-49 years), and rates for women

35–39 years of age were among the

most favorable. Low-birthweight rates

for births to white mothers 3544 years

old have been relatively stable since

1989. Levels for births to mothers 4549

years old have dropped from 10.7 percent to 8.3 percent between 1989 and

1991.

Almost one-third of the 292,230

low-birthweight infants and 38 percent

of the very-low-birthweight infants born

in 1991 were black births, although

black babies comprised only 17 percent of all births. Black mothers were

2–3 times as likely as white mothers to

have a Iow-birthweight baby at every

age group except the very youngest

(under 15 years) and very oldest (45

years and older), where the risk was

increased by 42 and 75 percent, respectively.

Prepregnancy weight and weight

gain during pregnaney are major factors influencing infant birthweight (11).

On average, black mothers gain at least

2 pounds less than white mothers

during pregnancy (28.1 pounds compared with 30.6 pounds) and are much

more likely to gain less than 21 pounds

(9). Recommended weight gain for a

mother of average proportions was

25-35 pounds in 1990 (12).

Low birthweight incidence varies

according to length of gestation. Four

out of 10 preterm (less than 37 completed weeks) births were lowbirthweight infants, but only 3 of every

100 term (37-41 weeks) births and 2 of

every 100 postterm (42 completed

weeks or more) births were low birthweight. All of the increase in low birthweight for white births was observed

among preterm births (38.9 percent in

1990 to 39,2 percent in 1991); however,

low birthweight increased at each gestation period for black births (45.5–

46.4 percent for preterm, 5.9–6.0 percent for term, and 4.34.6 percent for

postterm). The racial disparity in low

birthweight is more pronounced at term

and postterm. Whereas low birthweight among black preterm births

exceeded the rate for white preterm

births by 18 percent, rates at term and

postterm were 137 and 172 percent

higher, respectively.

In 1991, “1O.6percent of all babies

born weighed at least 4,000 grams

(8 pounds 14 ounces). This condition,

known as macrosomia, has been associated with increased risk of delive~

by cesarean section and of infant morbidity (13,14). In 1991, macrosomia was

twice as prevalent among white births

(11.9 percent) as among black births

(5.2 percent). Macrosomia has been

associated with maternal diabetes and

increased maternal weight gain (13,14).

The differential between the races may

be explained in part by higher diabetes

rates and excessive weight gain among

white mothers than among black

mothers (8).

On average, in 1991, white babies

weighed 250 grams (about 8 ounces)

more than black babies at birth (median

of 3,410 grams compared with 3,160

grams). The median birthweight was

unchanged for white births from 1990,

but for black births the median declined

from 3,170 grams. The median weight

at birth for all births decreased slightly

from 3,370 grams in 1990 to 3,360

grams (approximately 7 pounds

7 ounces) in 1991. This is the lowest

median reported since 1981 (also 3,360

grams).

Because rates of low birthweight

tend to be higher for births to black

mothers, the proportion of black births

in a State has an important impact on

overall State Iow-birthweight levels.

Among the 51 reporting areas, the

overall incidence of low birthweight

ranged from 4.7 percent in Alaska to

15.4 percent in the District of Columbia

(table 14). Decreases in Iow-birthweight

levels of 5–13 percent were noted in

Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming, and increases of 7–8 percent in

Tennessee and Vermont. States with

the highest incidence of black low birthweight (more than 14.0 percent) and at

least 1,000 black births in 1990 either

increased (District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, and

Nevada) or declined only slightly (Colorado and Wisconsin) from the previous year. Only Florida, Indiana,

Massachusetts, Nebraska, and Washington have reported steady decreases

in low-birthweight Ievels for black

infants since 1989. In Massachusetts,

Iow-birthweight rates dropped from

11.0 to 10.2 percent during this period.

Multiple births

The number of babies born in multiple deliveries continued to rise in

1991, totaling 98,125 –a l-percent

increase over the number reported for

1990 (96,893). In contrast, the number

of single births decreased by 1 percent

over this period (table 15). Accordingly, the ratio of multiple births per

1,000 live births increased to 23.9 in

1991, compared with 23.3 in 1990. This

ratio has risen steadily since 1973 and

is currently the highest reported in at

least 50 years.

The number of twin births

increased by 1 percent between 1990

and 1991 (93,865 and 94,779, respectively); the number of triplet and higher

order plural deliveries rose by 10 percent (3,028 and 3,346). As a result, the

proportion of multiple births that are

twins (96.6 percent) continued to

decline (96.9 percent in 1990) as the

proportion of higher order multiple

births (other than twins) increased.

Multiple-birth ratios increased for

births to both white (from 22.9 to 23.4)

and black mothers (from 27.0 to 27.8)

between 1990 and 1991. The ratio consistently has been higher for black than

for white births because of a higher

black twin ratio –27.2 compared with

22.5. In 1991, 98.1 percent of all black

multiple births were twins, compared

with 96,2 percent of white multiple

births. Twin ratios for black births were

higher than those for white births at

almost every age group, but tlhe difference narrows as the mother’s age

increases.

Conversely, the higher order

multiple-birth ratio, which relates the

number of triplet and higher order

plural births to 100,000 live births, was

significantly higher for white births

(89.6) than for black births (53.9).

Ratios increased for both white and

black births from 1990 (80.2 and 46.9,

respectively). Although black teenaged
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~9

mothers were more likely to have a

higher order multiple birth than were

white teenaged mothers, white women

30-39 years old were more than twice

as likely to have a higher order multiple

birth as black women of the same age

group (166.7 compared with 66.4).

For all births, the higher order

multiple birth ratio was 81.4 in 1990,

an increase of 12 percent over the previous year (72.8). Ratios are highest

for births to women in their thirties

who are almost 2 1/2 times as likely as

women 20-29 years of age to have a

higher order plural birth (149.4 and

61.4). The tendency for older women

to have a greater proportion of higher

order multiple births has been observed

for many years, but in the 1980’s this

gap began to widen dramatically.

Between 1980 and 1991, the higher

order multiple-birth ratio for women

under age 20 increased by 4 percent

(from 14.8 to 15.4) while the ratio for

women 30-39 years old increased by

166 percent (from 56.1 to 149.4).

The rise in the multiple-birth ratio

has been associated with the increased

childbearing among older women and

expanded use of fertility drugs. The

racial differential in higher order multiple births and the increase in this

ratio for women 30-39 years of age has

been linked to more widespread use of

fertility drugs among older white

women (15).

Births to unmarried women

The three principal measures of

childbearing by unmarried women

increased by 3-5 percent in 1991, the

seventh consecutive year of such

increases. The number of births to

unmarried mothers in 1991 was the

highest number ever reported in the

United States (1,213,769) –4 percent

higher than in 1990 (1,165,384). This

number has risen 82 percent since 1980

(665,747). The birth rate per 1,000

unmarried women 15-44 years old rose

3 percent to 45.2, compared with 43.8

in 1990. This rate increased 54 percent

between 1980 (29.4) and 1991.

While nonmarital births and birth

rates rose in 1991, the number of births

and the birth rate for married women

both declined; consequently, the proportion of all births that were to unmarried women increased in 1991 to

29.5 percent, compared with 28.0 percent in 1990. (See tables 16 and 17 for

birth data for unmarried women.)

Nonmarital births increased much

more for white than for black unmarried women, 6 percent compared with

2 percent. The number of white nonmarital births totaled 707,502 in 1991,

more than double the number in 1980

(328,984). Births to black unmarried

women numbered 463,750 in 1991,

45 percent more than in 1980 (318,799).

The percent of all births to unmarried

women was 21.8 percent for white

women and 67.9 percent for black

women.

The birth rate for white unmarried

women in 1991 was 34.6 per 1,000

women 15–44 years old, 5 percent

higher than in 1990 and nearly twice

the 1980 rate (18.1). In contrast, the

rate for black unmarried women

declined 1 percent in 1991 to 89.5. The

1991 rate was 10 percent higher than

the rate for 1980 (81.1). Because rates

for white women have increased so

sharply since 1980 with much more

modest increases measured for black

women, the raciaI differential in nonmarital birth rates declined substantially. In 1980, the rate for black women

was 4.5 times the rate for white women;

by 1991, this differential fell to 2.6.

Increases in nonmarital birth rates

were 4-8 percent for teenagers and

women aged 20-24 and 35 years and

older. Rates for women 25–29 and

30–34 years old increased just 1 percent each. Overall, rates were highest

for women 20-24 (68.0) and 18–19

(65.7) years old, followed by women

25–29 years old (56.5). Rates for young

teenagers 15–17 years old and women

30-39 years old were 18-38 per 1,000.

The increases in birth rates in 1991

brought each age-specific rate to the

highest level ever reported during the

51-year period for which this information is available in the United States.

Increases in birth rates for white

unmarried women were substantial for

all women under 40 years. Rates

increased by 7–10 percent for teenagers and women 20–24 years old, and

by 4-5 percent for women in the 25–39-

year age groups. In contrast, increases

in rates for black unmarried women

were much more limited. Rates rose by

2–3 percent for teenagers and women

20–24 years old and declined by

2-4 percent for women 25–29 and

30-34 years old. The rate for women

35–39 years old increased less than

1 percent the rate for women 40 years

and older rose 6 percent.

The pattern of increase in birth

rates in 1991 differs somewhat from

that observed in recent years in that

the increases were much greater for

women under 25 years old than for

women 25–34 years old. The reverse

had been true from 1980 through 1990.

Between 1980 and 1990, the proportion of nonmarital births occurring

to women 25 years old and older had

risen steadily from 24 to 34 percent; in

1991 it remained at 34 percent.

Levels of nonmarital childbearing

differ greatly according to State of residence. The number and ratio of births

to unmarried women for each State by

race of mother are shown in table 18.

Except for very small declines in

Arkansas and Massachusetts, the numbers of nonmarital births increased in

all States in 1991. The ratios per 1,000

total live births in all States were higher

in 1991 than in 1990. This was the case

for births to white mothers as well,

with the exception of the ratio in the

District of Columbia. Ratios for births

to black unmarried mothers increased

in all but three States (Maine, Utah,

and Washington).

Interval since last live birth

The intervaI since the mother’s last

live birth is computed for all second

and higher order births from the date

of the last live birth and the date of the

present birth (table 19).

In 1991, as in 1990, 14 percent of

all second- and higher order births

occurred within 18 months of the mother’s previous birth —28 percent within

2 years, and 52 percent within 3 years.

A substantial racial differential has

been observed for many years in the

occurrence of births within 18 months.

In 1991, the proportion for black

mothers was 21 percent compared with

12 percent for white mothers.
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

It has been noted previously that

closely spaced births tend to be at

disproportionate risk of low birthweight and other health complications

even after controlling for age, education, and race of mother (16), Closely

spaced births tend to occur more frequently to young women and to black

women. For example, while 8 percent

of all second-order births occurred to

teenagers in 1991, 25 percent of all

closely spaced second births were to

teenage mothers. Babies born to

teenage and black mothers are at

greatly elevated risk of low birthweight. (See earlier section of this

report.)

Educational attainment of

mother

Educational attainment of the parents was reported on the birth certificates of 48 States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City in 1991.

Data were not available for Washington and the remainder of New York

State. The proportion of mothers

reported to have completed high school

was 76 percent, unchanged from 1990.

(Basic data are shown in tables 20 and

21.) There was a slight decline in this

proportion for fathers, to 81 percent.

The proportion of high school graduates for fathers may be overstated

because data for fathers are based principally on information for births to

married parents; when the parents are

unmarried, information on the father

is often not reported on the birth certificate. Because nonmarital births tend

to be disproportionately to young

mothers, it is likely that the fathers of

these babies are young as well, and,

therefore, have limited educational

attainment.

In 1991, 18 percent of mothers

giving birth were college graduates, a

slight increase compared with 17 percent reported in 1990. Among mothers

30 years old and older, at least onethird were college graduates.

Among white mothers, there was a

slight decline in the proportion of high

school graduates – to 77 percent – but

a slight increase in the proportion who

were college graduates – to 20 percent.

There was no change in these proportions for black mothers; 69 percent

were high school graduates, and 7 percent were college graduates. The

median number of years of school completed was 12.7 years by white mothers

and 12.5 years by black mothers, both

unchanged from 1991.

Births to Hispanic mothers

Hispanic origin of the parents was

reported on the birth certificates of 49

States and the District of Columbia in

1991; only New Hampshire did not

provide this information, According to

data from the 1990 census, less than

0.1 percent of the Hispanic population

resides in New Hampshire; the Hispanic reporting area is, therefore,

essentially complete (17).

The text and tables 22-26 present

data for births classified by Hispanic

origin of the mother and by race of

mother for the non-Hispanic population. Origin of the mother was very

well reported in 1991; fewer than 1 percent of the birth certificates lacked this

information. (See table 22 for basic

data.)

The fertility of the Hispanic population, especially of Mexican women,

continues to be the highest of any

racial/ethnic group. The fertility rate

for Hispanic women in 1991 was 108.1

births per 1,000 women 15-44 years

old, 68 percent higher than the rate for

non-Hispanic women as a group (64.4).

Rates for white and black nonHispanic women (60.0 and 86.8, respectively) were each far below the rate for

Hispanic women. Moreover, while rates

for white and black non-Hispanic

women declined 2-4 percent in 1991,

the rate for Hispanic women increased

slightly.

The fertility rate for Mexican

women increased 2 percent in 1991, to

121,6, while rates for Puerto Rican

women (80.9), Cuban women (49.1),

and “other” Hispanic women (99.3)

were 2-7 percent lower (18,19). The

relationship of the levels of rates by

Hispanic subgroup has been stable for

several years.

In 1991, 623,085 babies were born

to Hispanic mothers, accounting for

15 percent of births in the United

States. About two-thirds of Hispanic

births in 1991 were to Mexican mothers,

10 percent were to Puerto Rican

mothers, and 2 percent were to Cuban

mothers. Except for gradual increases

in the proportion of Mexican births,

these proportions have not changed in

recent years.

The Hispanic population continues to be highly concentrated geographically. Two States, California and

Texas, together accounted for (5Opercent of all Hispanic births (41 percent

and 19 percent, respectively). New

York, Florida, Illinois, Arizona, New

Jersey, and New Mexico together

accounted for 25 percent of U.S. Hispanic births. Additionally, Hispanic

births accounted for 10 percent or more

of the births in each of 14 States; at

least 30 percent of births in Arizona,

California, New Mexico, and Texas

were to Hispanic mothers.

The distribution of Hispanic births

by race of mother has been stable since

1978, when the birth certificate data

first became available. In 1991, 97 percent of Hispanic mothers were reported

to be white, 2 percent black, and 1 percent of other races (table 23).

Birth rates by age, fertility rates,

and total fertility rates by Hispanic

origin for 1991 are shown in table 24.

These rates by origin are based on

birth data for the 49 States and the

District of Columbia that reported Hispanic origin on the birth certificate.

Birth rates for Hispanic women (except

for Cuban women), particularly Mexican women, substantially exceed those

for white and black non-Hispanic

women at every age for women 20

years old and older. Hispanic, especially Mexican, women have high birth

rates throughout the childbearing

period. In contrast, birth rates for black

non-Hispanic teenagers are higher than

comparable rates f~r Hispanic women,

but drop quickly at ages 25 years and

older. Thus the differential between

rates for Hispanic and non-Hispanic

women increases as the age of the

mother advances. For example, the

birth rate for Hispanic women 25-29

years old was 152.8 per 1,000–

33-38 percent higher than comparable

rates for white and black non-Hispanic

women (110.9 and 115.0, respectively).
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~11

The birth rates for Hispanic women

15-17 years of age are the only ones

that did not exceed rates for all other

groups. The rate for black non-Hispanic

teenagers 15-17 years old was 22 percent higher than the rate for all Hispanic teenagers 15-17 years old, and

13 percent higher than the comparable

rate for Mexican teenagers. Hispanic

teenage birth rates were, however, substantially greater than rates for white

non-Hispanic teenagers. As noted earlier in the section “Births and birth

rates,” the high fertili~ of Hispanic

teenagers and the substantial growth

in the Hispanic teenaged population

compared with white non-Hispanic

teenagers are both important factors in

the overall IeveI of the birth rate for

white teenagers, as well as in the considerable increases in that rate in recent

years.

Birth rates for Hispanic teenagers

increased between 1990 and 1991 by

6 percent overall for women 15-19

years old. The pace of increase for

Hispanic women 15-17 years of age

was faster than for non-Hispanic teenagers (7 percent compared with 2 percent); for older teenagers, increases in

rates were more similar for Hispanic

and non-Hispanic teenagers (6-7 percent) (19). The birth rate for Hispanic

women 20-24 years old rose 3 percent;

for non-Hispanic women in the same

age group, the birth rate declined 3 percent. Rates for Hispanic and nonHispanic women 25-44 years of age

decIined by up to 4 percent. (See

table 24 for 1991 rates.)

The total fertili~ rates indicate

approximate levels of completed family

size if current birth rates by age continue in the future. Hispanic women,

especially Mexican women, continued

to have elevated total fertility rates,

reflecting the high age-specific birth

rates of these women. The total fertility rate for Mexican women was

3,317.5 – 85 percent higher than the

rate for white non-Hispanic women

(1,796.0) and 31 percent above the rate

for black non-Hispanic women

(2,526.5). Rates for other Hispanic

groups ranged from 1,385.5 for Cuban

women to 2,817.0 for “other” Hispanic

women.

Despite their eIevated birth rates

at all maternal ages, women under 20

years of age aeeount for a disproportionate share of all Hispanic, and

especially Mexican and Puerto Rican,

births. In 1991, 17 percent of Hispanic,

18 percent of Mexican, and 22 percent

of Puerto Rican births were to teenage

mothers, compared with 7-10 percent

of Cuban, Central and South American, and white non-Hispanic births

and 23 percent of black non-Hispanic

births. (See table 25 for basic data and

table 26.)

The proportion of fourth- and

higher-order births to Hispanic women

continued to be very high, 15 percent,

compared with 10 percent of nonHispanic births. This disparity in highorder births results from the high

teenage birth rates as welI as from

elevated birth rates throughout the

childbearing period.

Childbearing by unmarried women

has increased considerably for all Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups.

Overall, 39 percent of Hispanic births

and 28 percent of non-Hispanic births

were nonmarital in 1991. The proportions of unmarried mothers among individual Hispanic origin groups were

20 percent for Cuban mothers, 35 percent for Mexican mothers, and 58 percent for Puerto Rican mothers.

The proportions of mothers who

had completed high school continued

to be considerably lower for Mexican

(38 percent), Puerto Rican (58 percent), and Central and South American (55 percent) women than for

Cuban (83 percent) and white (85 percent) and black (70 percent) nonHispanic women. Much of this disparity

is associated with the relatively low

proportions of Mexican, Puerto Rican,

and Central and South American

mothers who were born in the 50 States

and the District of Columbia, ranging

from 5 percent (Central and South

American) to 58 percent (Puerto

Rican). Women born outside the

United States may not have been

exposed to a universal education

system. Important differentials in childbearing for U.S. and foreign- or Puerto

Rican-born women have been reported

elsewhere (20,21),

Hispanic women (except Cubans)

consistently have been less likely to

begin prenatal care in the critical first

trimester of pregnaney and more likely

to receive care beginning in the third

trimester or to have no care at all. This

pattern was observed again in 1991.

In spite of the less advantageous

status of many Hispanic women with

respect to educational attainment and

timeIy receipt of prenatal care, Hispanic infants as a group, and subgroups as well (except Puerto Rican

infants) continue to have very favorable levels of low birthweight (weight

of less than 2,500 grams or 5 pounds 8

ounces), averaging 6.1 percent overall,

compared with 5.7 percent for white

non-Hispanic infants and 13.6 percent

for black non-Hispanic infants. Levels

of very low birthweight (birthweight of

less than 1,500 grams or 3 pounds 4

ounces) are also low for the Hispanic

subgroups, except Puerto Ricans. One

factor that probably accounts for the

relatively favorable low birthweight of

Hispanic babies is the much lower incidence of smoking by their mothers

(8,9).

Hispanic babies are generally less

likely than non-Hispanic babies to have

birthweights of 4,000 grams (8 pounds

14 ounces) or more. A possible explanation may be that Hispanic women

are Iess likely to have excessive weight

gain during pregnancy (9).

The maternal and infant health

characteristics shown in table 26, as

well as the other tables presenting data

for the Hispanic population, provide

data for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban,

Central and South American, and

“other and unknown” Hispanic populations separately. The heterogeneity

of the Hispanic population and the

importance of distinguishing among the

Hispanic subgroups are evident from

these data.

American Indian and Asian or

Pacific Islander births

The number of babies born to

“Other Asian or Pacific Islander”

mothers increased by 5 percent

between 1990 and 1991. (The racial

category “Other Asian or Pacific

Islander” comprises primarily South-
lz~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

East Asians and Asian Indians.) The

number of Filipino births also rose, but

at a slower pace (2 percent). Conversely, the number of births to all

other racial groups (including white

and black) declined by up to 4 percent.

(Data for 1991 are shown in table 27.)

Between 1990 and 1991, fertility

rates (defined as the number of live

births per 1,000 women 15-44 years

old) declined by 1 percent for American Indian women and by 3 percent

for Asian/Pacific Islander women,

reflecting decreases in age-specific rates

at the peak childbearing ages for both

groups (20-29 years of age for American Indian women and 25-34 years of

age for Asian or Pacific Islander

women). (See table 28 for 1991 rates.)

Birth rates for American Indian teenagers 15–19 years of age increased by

5 percent, from 81.1 in 1990 to 85.0 in

1991. The Asian/Pacific Islander birth

rate for teenagers 15–19 years old also

increased, from 26.4 in 1990 to 27.4 in

1991, but remained much lower than

the rates of other racial groups for this

age group.

Although rates for Asian or Pacific

Islander mothers largely reflect the patterns of “Other Asian/Pacific Islanders” who accounted for the majority

(57 percent) of births in this category,

it is important to note that the Asian

or Pacific Islander category comprises

groups with very different fertility patterns. For example, in 1990 the general

fertility rate of Hawaiian women was

more than twice those of Chinese and

Japanese women. Teenage birth rates

especially reflected this diversity,

ranging from 4.7 per 1,000 for Chinese

women to 120.9 per 1,000 for Hawaiian

women (19).

Of all the racial groups (except

black mothers), American Indian and

Hawaiian mothers bear the highest risk

profile. In 1991, one of every five American Indian births was to a mother

under 20 years of age. The level of

teenage childbearing among Hawaiians was similar (18.1 percent). In contrast, only 1.1 percent of Chinese and

2.7 percent of Japanese births were to

teenaged mothers. Births to unmarried

women, which are strongly associated

with teenage childbearing, also were

higher among American Indian

(55.3 percent) and Hawaiian mothers

(45.0 percent). Among the other racial

or national origin groups, births to

unmarried women ranged from 5.5 percent (Chinese) to 16.8 percent (Filipino). Inadequate levels of prenatal

care also were high for American

Indian women and, to a lesser extent,

for Hawaiian women, Only 59.9 percent of American Indian mothers and

68.1 percent of Hawaiian mothers

began care within the first 3 months of

pregnancy. (See table 29.)

In spite of the numerous risk factors indicating adverse birth outcome,

Iow-birthweight levels for American

Indian (6.2 percent) and Hawaiian

infants (6.7 percent) compared favorably with groups at much lower risk of

poor outcome. Rates for the other

racial/national origin groups ranged

from 5.1 percent for Chinese to 7.3 for

Filipino babies.

Sizable declines were noted in low

birthweight levels for Hawaiian (from

7.2 to 6,7 percent) and Japanese births

(from 6.2 to 5.9 percent) between 1990

and 1991. Although low-birthweight

and very-low-birthweight incidence rose

for Chinese births from 4.7 to 5,1 percent and from 0,5 to 0.7 percent,

respectively, these rates continued to

be lower than the rates of the other

racial/ethnic groups. The levels of very

low birthweight for American Indian,

Japanese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and

“Other Asian/Tacific Islander” infants

were 1.1 percent or less and virtually

unchanged from 1990.

The proportion of macrosomic

births (birthweight of 4,000 grams or

more) was highest among American

Indian births (12.6 percent), reflecting,

at least in part, the higher rate of

diabetes among American Indian

mothers (19).

Month of pregnancy prenatal

care began

In 1991, as in 1990, 76percent of

mothers began prenatal care in the

crucial first trimester of pregnancy. The

proportion increased from 68 percent

to 75 percent between 1969 and 1978,

but has been essentially unchanged

since 1979. The proportion of mothers

who received late or no prenatal care

at all remained at 6 percent, as it has

since 1983. (See table 30 for 1991 data).

There was a slight reduction in the

substantial racial disparity in prenatal

care for 1991. The proportion of black

mothers who received care in the first

trimester increased from 60 percent in

1990 to 62 percent in 1991, with no

concurrent increase in the proportion

of white mothers who received timely

care from the previous year (79 percent). Increases among black mothers

were noted for each age group, but the

largest improvement was for mothers

under 20 years of age. Although they

were least likely to receive timely care

(only 50 percent of black teenaged

mothers began care in the first trimester in 1991), the proportion of black

teenaged mothers who began care in

the first 3 months of pregnancy

increased by 4 percent between 1990

and 1991, and the percent who received

late or no care decreased by 8 percent.

Between 1989 and 1991, there was a

12-percent reduction in the proportion

of black teenaged mothers who received

late or no care. The proportion of

mothers who received late or no care

was essentially unchanged from 1990

for both white (5 percent) and black

mothers (11 percent).

The risk of low birthweight is

reduced among women who initiate

prenatal care in the first trimester. In

1991, infants of mothers who delayed

care until the final trimester or lhad no

care were almost twice as likely to be

low birthweight as those who had timely

care (12.0 compared with 6.4 percent).

For mothers who received no care at

ail, the risk more than tripled

(21.8 percent).

The Kessner Index is accepted as

a more sensitive measure of the adequacy of prenatal care received because

it takes into account not only the timing

of the first prenatal visit but also the

number of visits and the length of

gestation. Care is defined as “adequate,” “intermediate,” or “inadequate.” The contrast between white

and black women seen with initiation

of care is even more apparent for adequacy of care, In 1991, 73 percent of

white mothers and 52 percent of black
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~13

mothers received adequate care (tabular data not included in this report).

Conversely, 6 percent of white mothers

and 16 percent of black mothers

received inadequate care. The Kessner

Index indicated, as did the timing of

care, improvements in care for black

mothers, especially teenaged black

mothers, between 1990 and 1991.

Number of prenatal visits

Among mothers who received prenatal care, there was a slight increase

in the median number of prenatal visits

made, to 12.1 in 1991 compared with

12.0 in 1990. This increase in the overall

median is the first since 1987. The

median increased for black mothers to

10.8 in 1991 from 10.6 in 1990. One

factor influencing this change was the

increase in the proportion of black

mothers who began care within the

first trimester–the earlier care is initiated, the greater the number of visits.

Increases were noted for both married

and unmarried black women at almost

every stage of initiation of care. No

change was observed in the median for

white mothers (12.2 visits). (Basic data

are shown in table 31.)

When analyzed by the month prenata[ care began, raciaI differences in

the number of prenatal visits largely

disappear, reflecting the fact that black

mothers in general begin care later in

pregnancy than white mothers. Black

mothers who began care in the first or

second month of pregnancy had 12.5

median visits, compared with 12.8 for

white mothers. For married white and

bIack mothers beginning care within

this period, there was no difference in

the median – 12.8 visits.

Period of gestation

The incidence of preterm birth,

which accounts for a large proportion

of infant morbidity and mortality,

increased to 10.8 percent in 1991, compared with 10.6 percent in 1990. The

proportion of babies born preterm

(defined as less than 37 completed

weeks of gestation), the etiolo&~ of

which is largely undetermined, has been

increasing steadily over the last

decade. The latest figure represents a

15-percent increase over the level

reported in 1981 (9.4 percent). (Data

for 1991 are shown in table 32.)

The rise in the proportion of preterm births and the rise in low

birthweight, with which it is strongly

associated, primarily reflect increases

in preterm births to white mothers.

After rising slightly between 1989 and

1990 from 8.8 to 8.9 percent, this proportion increased to 9.1 percent in

1991. increases were observed for births

to white mothers in all age groups

except for those under 15 years of age;

however, as was also noted for Iow

birthweight, the largest increase was

among women in their thirties (8.6 percent to 8.9 percent).

Among black births, the proportion of preterm births in 1991 returned

to the Ievel reported in 1989 (18.9 percent) following a slight decline between

1989 and 1990 (18.8 percent), so the

racial differential remained considerable. The risk of a preterm birth was

substantially greater for black than for

white babies regardless of the mother’s

age. The most favorable level for black

mothers was at 20-29 years of age

(18.0 percent), but this rate was only

slightly lower than that for white

mothers under 15 years of age

(19,0 percent), the age group at most

risk.

For white mothers, the risk of preterm birth was considerably higher at

the youngest and oldest ages; white

teenagers and mothers in their forties

were much more likely to have a preterm birth than their counterparts in

their twenties (11.9 and 11.2 percent,

respectively, compared with 8.7 percent). White mothers 25–34 years old

shared the least risk. However, for

black mothers, the risk was more evenly

distributed across the childbearing ages.

Black mothers 20–29 years of age were

only slightly less likely (18.0 percent)

than bIack teenaged mothers (20.6 percent) to have a preterm birth. The

rates for black mothers 30–39 years old

(19.4 percent) were even more comparable to the teenage preterm IeveI.

Although preterm births decrease

as levels of prenatal care, education,

and weight gain increase for both white

and black mothers, the racial disparity

persists even for mothers with similar

levels of prenatal care, education, or

weight gain. Black mothers who began

care within the first trimester, had at

least 16 years of education, or gained

26-35 pounds, were at at least twice

the risk of a preterm birth as white

mothers.

Apgar score

The Apgar score is a numerical

expression of the physical condition of

an infant at birth. It is a summary

assessment of the heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex, irritability, and color of the newborn. Each

of these factors is assigned a value

from O to 2. The overall score is the

sum of the 5 values, with a score of 10

being optimum. (Data for 1991 are

shown in tables 33 and 34.)

The infant’s long-term health status

and survivaI chances are better assessed

with the 5-minute than with the

l-minute Apgar score. The proportion

of low 5-minute scores (scores less

than 7) for births to mothers of aII ages

was 1.5 percent. When scores are analyzed by age of mother, the pattern

that emerges is very similar to that for

low birthweight. That is, babies born to

younger and older mothers were more

likeIy to have low scores than those

born to mothers of other ages. A

5-minute score of less than 7, indicating that the baby is in some distress,

ranged from 1.3 percent for births to

mothers 25–34 years old to 3.3 percent

for births to mothers under 15 years of

age. The proportion of low 5-minute

scores for births to mothers in their

forties was 1.8 percent.

Black infants were more likely to

have low 5-minute scores than white

infants. Overall, 2.7 percent of black

and 1.2 percent of white infants had

5-minute scores of less than 7. The

differentials by age group within each

racial group were fairly similar, except

that black babies were more likely than

white babies to have low scores in each

age group.

The proportion of infants with a

l-minute Apgar score of 9-10 was

decrease unchanged from the previous

year (42.7 percent). As in past years,

black infants were more likely than
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

white infants to have high l-minute 9,

scores (45. Opercent compared with

42.1 percent).

Five-minute scores of 9–10 were

reported for 89.7 percent of births in

1991, anincrease over thelevelof 89.6 lo

reported for 1990. The racial differ- “

ential was reversed for 5-minute scores;

white babies were more likely than

black babies to have scores of 9 or 10

(90.2 percent compared with 87.7

percent). 11.

References

It

2.

3

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. United

States population estimates, by age, 12.

sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 1980 to

1991. Current population reports; series

P-25, no 1095. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1993.

Ventura SJ. Trends and variations in

first births to older women, 1970-86. 13.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 21(47). 1989.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Fertility of 14.

American women: June 1990. Current

population reports; series P-20, no 454.

Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1991.

Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and 15.

infertility in the United States,

1965-88. Advance data from vital and

health statistics; no 192. Hyattsvi[le,

Maryland: National Center for Health 16.

Statistics. 1990.

Centers for Disease Control. Sexual

behavior among high school students,

United States, 1990. MMWR. 17.

40:885-8.1991.

Ventura SJ, Taffel SM, Mosher WD,

Henshaw S. Trends in pregnancies and

pregnancy rates, United States,

1980-88. Monthly vital statistics report;

VOI41 no 6, suppl. Hy~ttsville, Mmyland: Public Health Service. 1992. 18,

Centers for Disease Control. Rates of

cesarean delivery: United States, 1991.

MMWR 42:285-9.1993.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of new data from the

1989 birth certificate. Monthly vital

statistics report; VOI40 no 12, suppl.

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health

Service. 1992.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of maternal and infant

health data from the 1990 birth certificate. Monthly vital statistics report;

vol 42 no 2, suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. 1993.

McCormick M, Brooks-Gunn J,

Workman-Daniels K, Turner J, Peckham GJ. The health and developmental status of very low-birth-weight

children at school age. JAMA.

267(16):2204-8. 1992.

Brown JE, McKay C (codirectors). Report of a special panel on desired prenatal weight gains for underweight and

normal weight women. Public Health

Reports. 105(1):24-8. 1990.

Institute of Medicine. Subcommittee

on Nutritional Status and Weight Gain

During Pregnancy. Nutrition during

pregnancy. National Academy of Sciences. Washington: National Academy

Press. 1990.

Lubchenco LO. The high risk infant.

Philadelphia, London, Toronto: W. B.

Saunders Company. 1976.

Johnson JW, Longmate JA, Frentzen

B. Excessive maternal weight and pregnancy outcome. American Journal of

Obstetrics and Gynecology. 167(2):

353-70.1992.

Kiely JL, Kleinman JC, Kiely M. Triplets and higher-order multiple births:

time trends and infmt mortality.

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Spratley E, Taffel S. Interval between

births, United States, 1970-77. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 21(39). 1981.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Age, sex,

race, and Hispanic origin information

from the 1990 census: a comparison of

census results with results where age

and race have been modified. 1990

CPH-L-74. Washington: U.S, Department of Commerce. 1991.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final natality statistics, 1990. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 41 no 9, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1993.

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29.

Centers for Disease Control. Childbearing patterns among selected racial/ethnic minority groups, United

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1993.

Ventura SJ, Taffel SM. Childbearing

characteristics of U. S.- and foreignborn Hispanic mothers, Public Health

Rep 100(6):647-52. 1985,

Mendoza FS, Ventura SJ, Valdez B, et

al. Selected measures of health status

for Mexican-American, Mainland

Puerto Rican, and Cuban-American

children. JAMA. 265(2):227-32. 1991.

Heuser RL. Race and ethnicity in U.S.

natality tabulations. Paper presented

at the annual meeting of the American

Public Health Association, Chicago, 11-

linois. October 24, 1989.

Ventura SJ. U.S. fertility data by race:

New tabulations from NCHS. Paper

presented at the annual meeting of the

American Public Health Association,

Washington, D.C. November 10, 1992.

U.S. Bureau of the Census. Marital

status and living arrangements, March

1991. Current population reports; series P-20, no 461. Washington: U.S.

Department of Commerce. 1992.

Berkov B. An evaluation- of California’s inferred birth statistics for unmarried women. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

2(97). 1985.

Taffel SM. Trends in low birth weight,

United States, 1975-85. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health

Stat 21(48). 1989.

Lewis CT, Ventura SJ. Birth and fertility rates by education, 1980 and 1985,

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 21 (49). 1990.

Ventura SJ. Births of Hispanic parentage, 1985. Monthly vital statistim report; VOI36 no 11, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1988.

Taffel SM. Health and demographic

characteristics of twin births, United

States, 1988. National Center for

Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

21(50), 1992.
Monthly Vital Statistics Repott ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~15

List of tables

1,

2,

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Live births, birth rates, and

fertility rates, by race: United

States, specified years

1940-55 and each year

1960-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by age of mother,

live-birth order, and race of

mother: United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates by age of mother,

live-birth order, and race of

mother: United States,

1991 . ..’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total fertility rates and birth

rates by age of mother and

race: United States,

1970-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates by live-birth order

and race: United States, 1970

and 1980–91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live birthsbyrace ofmother,

birthrates, and fertility rates

by division and State: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by sex and sex

ratio, by race: United States,

1980-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births byrace ofmother

and observed and seasonably

adjusted birth and fertiIi~

rates, by month: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Averagenumberof livebirths

and index of occurrence, by

day of week: United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by attendant, place

of delivery, and race of

mother: United States, 1991.

Live births by age of father,

age of mother, and race of

father: United States, 1991..

Birth rates by age of father

and race: United States,

1980-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent low

birthweight and number of

live births by birth weight, by

age and race of mother:

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Number and percent of births

of low birthweieht. bv race of

15.

17

16.

18

17.

i9

18.

20

22 19.

23 20.

24

21

24

24 22.

25

26

23.

27

28 24.

mother: United States and

each State, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by plurality of

birth and race of mother, by

age of mothe~ United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Numbers, rates, and ratios of

births to unmarried women

by age of mother and by race

of mother: United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates for unmarried

women by age of mother and

race: United States, 1970,

1975, and 1980-91 . . . . . . . . .

Number and ratio of births

to unmarried women, by race

of mothen United States and

each State, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by interval since

last live birth, live-birth order,

and race of mothe~ United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by educational

attainment of mother and of

father and race: Total of48

reporting States, the District

of Columbia, and New York

City, 1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by educational

attainment of mother, by age

and race of mother: Total of

48 reporting States, the District of CoIumbia, and New

York Ci~,1991 . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by Hispanic origin

of mother and by race of

mother for mothers of nonHispanic origin: Total of 49

reporting States, the District

of Columbia, and each State,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of live births by race of

mother, according to Hispanic origin of mothe~ Total

of 49 reporting States and

the District of CoIumbia,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Estimated birth and fertility

rates, total fertility rates, and

birth rates by age of mother,

29

25.

30

30

26.

31

32 27.

28.

33

29.

33 30.

31.

34

32.

35 33.

34.

36

by Hispanic origin of mother,

and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic

origin: United States, 1991. .

Live births by age and Hispanic origin of mother and

by race of mother for mothers

of non-Hispanic origin: Total

of 49 reporting States and

the District of Columbia,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent of births with selected

characteristics, by Hispanic

origin of mother and by race

of mother for mothers of nonHispanic origin: Total of 49

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1991 . . . . .

Live births by age and specified race of mother: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates by age andspecified race of mother: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent of births with selected

characteristics, by specified

race of mother: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by month of pregnancy prenataI care began

and age and race of mother:

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Live births by month of pregnancy prenataI care began,

number of prenatal visits, and

race of mother: United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by period of gestation, birth weight, and race

of mother: United States:

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by 1- and 5-minute

Apgar score, by race of

mother: Total of 48 reporting

States and the District of

Columbia, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by 5-minute Apgar

score and age and race of

mother: TotaI of 48 reporting

States and the District of

Columbia, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

37

37

38

38

39

40

41

42

43

44
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

Symbols

.-. Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

‘ Quantity zero

0,0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 births in

numerator or denominator)
Table 1. Live births, birth rates, and fertility rates, by race: United States, specified years 1940-55 and each year 1960-91

[Birth rates are Iiie births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 yeara in specified group. Population enumerated as of

April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning with 1970, excludes births to nonresidenta of the United States]

Number Birth rste Ferti/ity rate

A// other A// other All other

All All All

Year races White Total Black races White Total Black races White Total Black

Registered births

Race of mother

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990, . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965. . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . .

19631 . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . .

19601, . . . . . . . . . .

1979’ . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . .

1977’ . . . . . . . . . . .

19761 . . . . . . . . . . .

1975’ . . . . . . . . . . .

1974’ . . . . . . . . . . .

1973’ . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . .

19712 . . . . . . . . . . .

1970* . . . . . . . . . . .

19692 . . . . . . . . . . .

19682, . . . . . . . . . .

19673 . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . .

19652 . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . .

19632’4. . . . . . . . . . .

19622’4. . . . . . . . . . .

19612 . . . . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . . . .

Births adjusted

for underregistration

Race of child:

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1945 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

4,158,212

4,040,958

4,158,212

4,040,958

3,909,510

3,809,394

3,756,547

3,760,561

3,669,141

3,638,933

3,680,537

3,629,238

3,612,258

3,494,398

3,333,279

3,326,632

3,167,768

3,144,198

3,159,958

3,136,965

3,258,411

3,555,970

3,731,366

3,600,206

3,501,564

3,520,959

3,606,274

3,760,358

4,027,490

4,098,020

4,167,362

4,268,326

4,257,850

4,097,000

3,632,000

2,856,000

2,559,000

3,241,273

3,290,273

3,192,355

3,225,343

3,131,991

3,046,162

2,992,468

2,970,439

2,991,373

2,923,502

2,904,250

2,942,054

2,908,669

2,698,732

2,808,420

2,661,116

2,691,070

2,567,614

2,551,996

2,575,792

2,551,030

2,655,558

2,919,746

3,091,264

2,993,614

2,912,224

2,922,502

2,993,230

3,123,880

3,369,160

3,326,344

3,394,068

3,600,864

3,600,744

3,465,000

3,108,000

2,471,000

2,199,000

869,634

867,939

848,603

932,669

908,967

863,348

616,906

786,106

769,186

745,639

734,683

736,483

720,569

713,528

685,978

652,163

635,562

600,174

592,202

584,166

585,935

602,853

636,224

640,122

606,592

589,340

596,457

613,044

636,498

656,330

636,928

641,580

667,462

657,106

613,000

524,000

368,000

360,000

682,602

664,336

673,124

724,576

709,395

671,976

641,567

621,221

608,193

592,745

586,027

592,641

587,797

589,616

577,855

551,540

544,221

514,479

511,581

507,162

512,597

531,329

564,960

572,362

543,132

531,152

543,976

558,244

581,126

607,556

580,656

584,610

611,072

602,264

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

16.3

16.7

16.4

16.7

16.4

16.0

15.7

15.6

15.8

15.6

15.6

15.9

15.8

15.9

15.6

15.0

15.1

14.6

14.6

14.8

14.8

15,6

17.2

18.4

17.9

17.6

17.8

18.4

19.4

21.1

21.7

22.4

23.3

23.7

25.0

24.1

20.4

19.4

15.4

15.6

15.4

15.5

15.1

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.9

14.8

14.9

14.5

14.0

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.8

14.5

16.1

f7.4

16.9

16.6

16.8

17.4

16.3

20.0

20.7

21.4

22.2

22.7

23.8

23.0

19.7

16.6

21.1

21.7

21.6

23.3

23.1

22.5

21.8

21.4

21.4

21.2

21.4

22.0

21.9

22.5

22.2

21.6

21.6

20.8

21.0

21.2

21.7

22.8

24.6

25.1

24.5

24.2

25.0

26.1

27.6

29.2

29.7

30.5

31.6

32.1

34.5

33.3

26.5

26.7

21.9

22.4

22.3

23.8

23.5

22.6

21.9

21.5

21.3

21.0

21.0

21.5

21.7

22.1

22.0

21.3

21.4

20.5

20.7

20.8

21.4

22.5

24.4

25.3

24.4

24.2

25.1

26.2

27.7

29.5

..-

..-

. . .

31.9

. . .

.-.

.-.

. . .

69.6

70.9

69.2

70.9

69.2

67.3

65.8

65.4

66.3

65.5

65.7

67.3

67.3

68.4

67.2

65.5

66.8

65.0

66.0

67.8

68.8

73.1

81.6

87.9

86.1

85.2

87.2

90.8

96.3

104.7

108.3

112.0

117.1

118.0

118.3

106.2

85.9

79.9

67.0

66.3

66.4

66.9

65.1

63.4

62.3

62.1

63.1

62.3

62.5

63.9

63.9

64.7

63.4

61.7

63.2

61.5

62.5

64.2

64.9

86.9

77.3

84.1

82.2

61.3

82,8

86.2

91.3

99.8

103.6

107.5

112.3

113.2

113.7

102.3

83.4

77.1

61.5

63.2

62.7

69.4

88.6

85.9

63.1

81.9

82.3

81.8

82.7

85.3

85.7

88.6

88.5

67.0

87.7

85.6

87.7

89.8

93.4

99.5

109.1

113.0

111.6

111.9

117.1

123.5

131.9

140.0

143.7

147.8

153.0

153.6

154.3

137.3

106.0

102.4

85.2

86.6

86.2

91.9

80.8

87.0

84.1

82.6

82.4

61.5

82.0

84.3

85.3

88.1

88.3

86.7

88.7

65.8

87.9

89.7

93.6

99.9

109.7

1i 5.4

112.1

112.7

118.5

124.7

133.2

142.6

. . .

. . .

-..

153.5

. . .

---

.-.

. . .

1Basedon 100 percentof births in selected Ststes and on e 50-percent ssmple of birlhs in all other States; see Technical notes,

2Bassd on a 50-parcent sample of bitihs.

38ased on a 20-to 50-percant sample of births.

4Figures by race exclude data for New Jersey.
Table 2. Live births by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mothen United States, 1991

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Live-birth order and

race of mother All ages

Age of mother

15-19 years

Under

15

years Total

15 16 17 18 19 20–24 2$29 30-34 35-39 4044 45-49

yaars years years years years years years years yeara years years

All races

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child. . . . . .

Eigh!h child and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frstchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Ftthchild. . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child. . . . . . .

E(ghth child and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

All other

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

Black’

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . .

Ttrirdchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthctrild . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child. . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

1,666,328

1,314,335

671,602

262,381

98,571

40,704

18,117

18,155

20,714

3,241,273

1,339,216

1,058,100

522,430

191,74t

66,581

26,170

11,066

11,158

14,811

889,634

327,112

256,235

149,172

70,640

31,990

14,534

7,051

6,997

5,903

682,602

250,529

198,775

122,093

58,628

26,207

11,519

5,285

4,681

4,885

12,014

11,469

425

22

7

3

88

5,189

4,993

151

10

3

2

30

6,825

6,476

274

12

4

1

58

6,419

6,099

251

11

4

1

53

519,577

387,157

103,330

22,245

3,762

508

80

9

7

2,479

352,359

275,735

62,996

10,606

1,372

134

25

5

6

1,480

167,218

111,422

40,334

11,639

2,390

374

55

4

1

999

150,956

99,492

37,083

10,840

2,223

346

52

4

1

913

28,810

26,624

1,869

125

11

3

178

15,850

15,019

703

41

2

85

12,960

11,605

1,166

84

9

3

93

12,032

10,758

1,101

79

8

2

84

60,511

52,724

6,757

638

56

5

2

1

328

37,363

33,930

3,039

199

15

—

2

1

177

23,148

18,794

3,718

439

41

5

—

151

21,248

17,184

3,480

403

34

5

—

—

—

142

98,905

79,561

16,233

2,377

244

20

8

1

1

460

65,596

55,596

8,711

922

80

10

2

1

1

273

33,309

23,965

7,522

1,455

164

10

6

187

30,291

21,590

7,003

1,362

155

7

4

170

144,029

104,803

31,030

6,411

996

105

17

1

1

665

99,472

77,001

18,884

2,851

323

24

6

1

1

381

44,557

27,802

12,146

3,560

673

81

11

284

40,020

24,584

11,155

3,312

620

79

10

260

187,322

123,445

47,441

12,694

2,455

375

53

6

5

848

134,078

94,189

31,659

6,593

952

100

15

2

4

564

53,244

29,256

15,782

6,101

1,503

275

38

4

1

284

47,365

25,376

14,344

5,684

1,406

255

36

4

1

257

1,089,692

512,854

357,796

148,862

47,121

13,506

3,538

820

288

4,907

831,233

415,286

275,699

102,090

26,882

6,259

1,329

256

121

3,311

258,459

97,568

82,097

46,772

20,239

7,247

2,209

564

167

1,596

218,918

78,418

70,437

41,562

18,075

6,475

1,925

493

135

1,398

1,219,965

443,345

425,853

217,882

81,518

28,907

10,489

3,835

2,170

5,966

1,000,138

377,459

357,222

174,464

59,555

18,607

5,784

1,779

892

4,376

219,827

65,886

68,631

43,418

21,983

10,300

4,705

2,056

1,278

1,590

163,052

41,369

51,396

35,752

18,277

8,536

3,640

1,629

980

1,273

884,862

231,785

312,133

195,296

82,572

32,350

14,141

6,373

5,362

4,850

736,816

197,852

265,484

163,378

65,782

23,795

9,767

4,008

2,992

3,758

148,048

33,933

46,649

31,918

16,790

8,555

4,374

2,385

2,370

1,092

99,637

18,858

29,239

23,776

13,315

6,787

3,362

1,775

1,700

825

330,993

69,683

101,802

76,537

40,251

18,935

9,800

5,287

6,697

2,001

272,511

59,502

85,743

63,198

32,502

14,482

7,276

3,736

4,541

1,531

58,482

10,181

16,059

13,339

7,749

4,453

2,524

1,551

2,158

470

37,362

5,465

9,188

8,926

5,697

3,352

1,903

1,095

1,379

357

52,095

9,792

12,739

10,513

6,904

4,203

2,536

1,691

3,317

400

41,792

8,202

10,596

8,492

5,463

3,190

1,908

1,222

2,415

304

10,303

1,590

2,143

2,021

1,441

1,013

628

469

902

96

6,064

807

1,157

1,195

1,001

689

418

277

456

64

1,709

243

257

245

246

159

t 20

102

314

23

1,235

187

209

192

182

112

81

60

191

21

474

56

48

53

64

47

39

42

123

2

194

21

24

31

36

19

19

12

30

2

‘Includedin AN other.
Table 3. Birth rates by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother: United States, 1991

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women In specified age and racial group. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of mother

15-19 yeare

Live-birth order and 15-44 10-14 15-17 18-19 20-24 25=29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

race of mother years’ years Total years yeara years yeara years years years years

All races

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flrstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flfthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SIxthand seventh child. . . . . . . .

Eighth childandover. , . . .. . . . .

Whte

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Flratchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thlrdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slxthandseventh child . . . . . . . .

Eighth childand over.... . . . . .

All other

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thlrdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth and seventh child. . . . . . . .

Eighth childandover. . . . . . . . .

Black2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifthchlld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixlhand seventh child. . . . . . . .

Eighth childand over..... . . . .

69.6

28.3

22.4

11.4

4.5

1.7

1.0

0.3

67.0

27.6

22.0

10.8

4.0

1.4

0.6

0.2

61.5

30.9

24.2

14.1

6.7

3.0

2.0

0.7

65.2

31.5

25.0

15.4

7.4

3.3

2.1

0.6

1.4

1.3

0.0

0.0

●

*

●

●

0.6

0.7

0.0

●

*

*

●

●

3.9

3.7

0.2

●

●

*

●

●

4.8

4.6

0.2

*

*

*

*

*

62.1

46.5

12.4

2.7

0.5

0.1

0.0

●

52.8

41.5

9.5

1.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

●

98.4

65.9

23.9

6.9

1.4

0.2

0.0

●

115.5

76.6

26.5

6.3

1.7

0.3

0.0

*

36.7

32.9

5.1

0.6

0.1

0.0

*

●

30.7

27.1

3.2

0.3

0.0

●

●

*

70.3

55.4

12.6

2.0

0.2

*

*

●

64.1

65.9

15.4

2.5

0.3

●

*

●

94.4

65.3

22.5

5.5

1.0

0.1

0.0

*

83.5

61.5

18.1

3.4

0.5

0.0

0.0

*

137.2

80.5

39.4

13.6

3.1

0.5

0.1

●

156.6

91.2

46.6

16.4

3.7

0.6

0.1

●

115.7

54.7

38.2

15.9

5.0

1.4

0.5

0.0

109.0

54.7

36.3

13.4

3.5

0.6

0.2

0.0

144.1

54.7

46.0

26.2

11.4

4.1

1.6

0.1

160.9

56.0

52.1

30.7

13.4

4.8

1.8

0.1

116.2

43.1

41.4

21.2

7.9

2.8

1.4

0.2

116.8

45.0

42.6

20.8

7.1

2.2

0.9

0.1

115.2

34.8

36.2

22.9

11.6

5.4

3.6

0.7

113.1

28.9

35.9

25.0

12.8

6.0

3.8

0,7

79.5

20.9

28.2

17.7

7.5

2.9

1.9

0.5

SO.5

21.7

29.2

17.9

7.2

2.6

1.5

0.3

75.0

17.3

23.8

16.3

8.6

4.4

3.4

1.2

67.7

12.9

20.0

16.3

9.1

4.6

3.5

1.2

32.0

6.8

9.9

7.4

3.9

1.8

1.5

0.7

31.6

7.0

10.1

7.4

3.6

1.7

1.3

0.5

32.6

5.6

9.1

7.6

4.4

2.5

2.3

1.2

28.3

4.2

7.0

6.8

4.4

2.6

2.3

1.1

5.5

1,0

1.4

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.4

5.2

i .0

1.3

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

6.8

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.7

0.6

5.5

0.7

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

*

0.0

0.0

‘ Ratascomputedby relating total births, regardless of sga of mother, to woman agad 1544 years.

21ncluded in All other.
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-91

[Total fertility rates are sums of birth ratea for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are live births per 1,000 women In specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970, 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Total

fertili~ 10-14 15–17 20-24 25-29 30-34

Year and race rate Total

35-39 40-44 45-48

years years 18-19 years years years years years years

All races’

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

19842 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19802 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19782 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19732 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19713 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of mother:

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19842 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19802 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979* . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19782 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . .,, . . . . . . . . .

19762, .,, . . . . . . . . .

19752 .,,,...,.,,,.

1974*, , . . . . . . . . . . .

19732, , . . . . . . . . . . .

19722, . . . . . . . . . .

19713, . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703, . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,073.0

2,081.0

2,014.0

1,934.0

1,872.0

1,837.5

1,844.0

1,806.5

1,799.0

1,627.5

1,612.0

1,839.5

1,806.0

1,760.0

1,789.5

1,738.0

1,774.0

1,835.0

1,879,0

2,010,0

2,286.5

2,460.0

1,995.5

2,003.0

1,931.0

1,963.0

1,894.5

1,822.5

1,774.5

1,747.5

1,759,0

1,722.5

1,716,0

1,741,5

1,726.0

1,748.5

1,715.5

1,667.5

1,703.0

1,652.0

1,686,0

1,748.5

1,783.0

1,906.5

2,160.5

2,385.0

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0,6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

62.1

59.9

57.3

53.0

50.6

50.2

51.0

50.6

51.4

52.4

52.2

53,0

52.3

51.5

52.6

52.8

55.6

57.5

59.3

61.7

64.5

68.3

52.8

50.8

47.9

49.3

46.6

43.2

41.5

41.5

42.5

42.2

43.3

44.3

44.3

44.7

43.7

42.9

44.1

44,1

46,4

47,9

49,0

51.0

53,6

57.4

38.7

37.5

36.4

33.6

31.7

30.5

31.0

31.0

31.8

32.3

32.0

32.5

32,3

32.2

33.9

34.1

36.1

37.3

36.5

39.0

38.2

38.8

30.7

29.5

28.1

28.6

27.4

25.3

24.0

23.3

24.0

23.9

24.7

25.1

25.1

25.2

24.7

24.9

26.1

26.3

28.0

28.7

29.2

29.3

28,5

29.2

94.4

88.6

84.2

79.9

78.5

79.6

79.6

77.4

77.4

79.4

80.0

82.1

81.3

79.8

80.9

80.5

85.0

88.7

91.2

96.9

105.3

114.7

83.5

78.0

72.9

75.6

70.9

67.8

67.3

66.7

69.2

67.3

67.7

69.7

70.4

72.1

71.0

69.4

70.5

70,2

74,0

77.3

79.3

84.3

92.3

101.5

115.7

118.5

113.8

110.2

107.9

107.4

108,3

106.8

107.8

111.6

112.2

115.1

112.8

109.9

112.9

110.3

113.0

117.7

119.7

130.2

150.1

167.8

109.0

109.8

106.9

107.2

104.6

101.6

100.4

101.0

102.4

101.1

102,2

106.0

106.7

109.5

107.0

104.1

107.7

105.3

108.2

113.0

114.4

124.8

144.9

163.4

118.2

120.2

117.6

114.4

111.6

109.8

111.0

108.7

108.5

Ilt.o

111.5

112.9

111,4

108.5

111.0

106.2

108.2

111.5

112.2

117.7

134.1

145.1

118.8

120.7

117,8

118.8

115.9

113.0

110.7

109.2

110.7

108.3

108.0

110.4

111.0

112.4

110.8

107.9

110.9

105.9

108.1

111.8

112.3

117.4

134.0

145.9

79.5

80.8

77.4

74.8

72.1

70.1

69.1

67.0

64.9

64.1

61.4

61.9

80.3

57.8

56.4

53.6

52.3

53.5

55.6

59.8

67.3

73.3

80.5

81.7

78.1

80.4

76.9

74.3

71.9

69.8

68.9

66.8

64.4

63.2

60.3

60.4

59.0

56.6

55.3

52.6

51.3

52.9

54.4

58.4

65.4

71.9

32.0

31.7

29.9

28.1

26.3

24.4

24.0

22.9

22.0

21.2

20.0

19.8

19.5

19.0

19.2

19.0

19.5

20.2

22.1

24.8

28.7

31.7

31.8

31.5

29.7

30.9

29.2

27.2

25.5

23.5

22.9

21.8

21.0

20.1

18.8

18.5

18.3

17.7

18.0

17.8

18.2

18.9

20.7

23.3

26.9

30.0

5.5

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8

3,9

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.8

4.8

5.4

6.2

7.1

8.1

5.2

5.2

4.9

5.1

4.8

4.4

4.1

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.4

4.9

5.6

6.4

7.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

See fcmtnotesat end of table.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~21

Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth rates by age of mother and race: United States, 1970-91-Con.

~otal fertility rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Sirth rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified group, enumerated as of

April 1 for 1970 and 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Total

fertilify 10-14 1s17 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

Year and race rate years Total years 18-19 years years years years years years

Black

Race of mother

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19842 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19802 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19792 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19782 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19752 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974* . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973* . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19713 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703 . . . . ...4.....

2,480.0

2,480.0

2,432.5

2,626.0

2,584.0

2,417.5

2,306.5

2,237.5

2,206.0

2,161<0

2,153.0

2,198.0

2,205.5

2,266.0

2,263.2

2,218.0

2,251.0

2,187.0

2,243.0

2,298.5

2,411.0

2,601.0

2,902.0

3,099.5

4.6

4.9

5.1

4.9

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.2

115.5

112.8

111.5

118.3

116.2

106.9

101.1

98.8

97.9

96.1

95.8

96.4

96.5

100.0

101.7

100.9

104.7

104.9

111.8

116.5

123.1

129.6

134.5

140.7

64.1

82.3

81.9

85.4

84.4

78.1

74.2

71.1

70.7

70.4

70.6

70.8

70.4

73.6

75.7

75.0

79.6

80.3

85.6

90.0

96.0

99.5

99.4

101.4

158.6

152.9

151.9

161.6

159.4

149.4

141.4

140.0

136.4

131.3

130.2

132.4

i 34.4

136.8

140.4

139.7

142.9

142.5

152.4

158.7

i 66.6

179.5

192.6

204.9

160.9

160.2

156.8

170.0

165.2

157.1

149.2

143.5

140.7

137.6

137.5

141.3

142.5

146.3

146.3

143.6

144.4

140.5

142.8

146.7

153.1

165.0

186.6

202.7

113.1

115.5

114.4

122.3

120.9

114.4

110.2

106.8

105.9

103.8

103.7

106.9

107.6

109.1

106.2

105.4

106.4

101.6

102.2

102.2

103.9

112.4

128.0

136.3

67.7

68.7

66.3

73.3

70.6

67.1

64.4

63.0

61.4

60.0

59.3

60.5

60.3

62.9

60.7

56.3

57.5

53.6

53.1

54.1

58.1

64.0

74.8

79.6

28.3

28.1

26.7

30.2

28.6

27.3

26.2

25.4

25.5

24,8

24.6

24.6

24.2

24.5

24.7

24.3

25.4

24.8

25.6

27.0

29.4

33,4

36.9

41.9

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.9

5.8

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.3

5.4

5.6

5.6

6.1

6.1

6.6

6.8

7.5

7.6

8.6

9.8

11.6

12.5

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.0

1Includes races other thanwhiteend black.

26aaed on 100 percent of births in selected States and on a 50-percent sample of births in all other States see Technical notes.

3Based on a 50-percent sample of births.
Table 5. Birth rates by Hve-bltth order and race: United States, 1970 and 1980-91

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women aged 15+4 yeara, enumerated as of April 1 for 1970, 1980, and 1990, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Figures

for live-birth order not stated are distributed]

Live-birth order

Year and race Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All races

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of mothec

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Race of mothec

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69.6

70.9

69.2

67.3

65.6

65.4

66.3

85.5

65.7

67.3

67,3

68.4

87.9

67.0

68.3

66.4

66.9

65.1

63.4

62.3

62.1

63.2

62.3

62.5

63.9

63.9

64.7

84.1

85.2

86.8

66.2

91.9

90.8

67.0

84.1

82.6

82.4

81.5

82.0

84.4

85.3

88.1

115.4

28.3

29.0

28.4

27.6

27.2

27.2

27.6

27.4

27.8

28.6

29.0

29.5

34.2

27.8

26.4

27.6

27.8

27.1

26.3

26.0

26.1

26.6

26.5

26.8

27.6

28.1

28.4

32.9

31.5

32.4

32.9

34.6

34.9

33.7

33.0

32.6

32.5

32.3

32.4

33.1

33.7

35.2

43.3

22.4

22.8

22.4

22.0

21.6

21.6

22.0

21.7

21.5

22.0

21.6

21.6

24.2

22.0

22.4

21.9

22.0

21.5

21.2

21.0

21,0

21.5

21.1

20.9

21.3

20.9

21.0

23.7

25.0

25,6

25.4

27.1

26.8

25.9

25.0

24.6

24.5

24.1

24.2

25.0

25.2

25.7

27.1

11.4

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.5

10.3

10.4

10.1

10.1

10.2

10.1

10.3

13.6

10.6

11.1

10.7

10.8

10.5

10.2

9.8

9.7

9.7

9.4

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.5

13.3

15.4

15,8

15.3

16.4

16.0

15.1

14.5

74.1

14.0

13.8

13.8

14.3

14.3

14.5

16.1

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.9

7.2

4.0

%’

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

6.8

7.4

7.4

7.1

7.7

7.4

6.9

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.6

6.6

6.7

10.0

1.7

1.7

1,6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1,4

1.4

1.5

1.5

3.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

6.4

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1,0

3.2

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0,7

0.8

0.6

2.7

2.1

2.0

1.9

2,1

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.1

7.0

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0,3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

1.8

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0,2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

1.2

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.9

5.6

‘ 8ased on 100 percentof birthsh selested States end on a 50-percent sampleOfbirthsinall otherStates;see Technicalnotes.

28ased on a 5C-percent sample of births.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 23

Table 6. Live births by race of mother, birth rates, and fertility rates, by division and State: United States, 1991

[By place of residence. Birth rates per 1,000 estimated population in each arew fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years estimated in each area]

Number

All

Division and State

Birth Fertilify

races’ White Black rate rate

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorth Central .,...... . . . . . . .

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVlrginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norlh Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouth Central . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,.

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

192,564

16,753

16,341

7,965

88,205

14,734

48,566

582,890

292,633

121,406

168,851

668,002

165,795

85,707

194,231

150,196

72,071

266,424

67,069

38,989

78,677

8,887

10,946

24,017

37,839

686,251

11,190

79,184

11,776

97,370

22,508

102,362

57,572

110,288

194,001

234,850

54,326

74,510

62,810

43,204

473,213

35,479

72,193

47,795

317,746

242,818

11,513

16,821

6,703

53,613

27,600

68,109

36,033

22,026

763,895

79,711

42,499

610,077

11,686

19,922

3,241,273

170,420

16,447

16,112

7,854

75,979

12,945

41,083

449,427

216,707

92,800

139,920

536,828

137,682

75,391

145,452

116,039

62,264

234,335

60,637

37,112

63,902

7,907

9,117

21,986

33,674

470,062

8,113

51,092

1,605

70,315

21,587

69,274

34,603

68,280

145,193

167,232

48,676

55,964

40,655

21,917

372,176

28,786

40,579

37,522

267,289

216,264

10,030

16,326

6,308

49,148

23,038

58,511

34,161

18,742

624,509

70,610

39,484

500,652

7,885

5,876

682,602

16,361

81

60

29

8,684

1,142

6,345

111,672

62,162

23,722

25,786

117,960

26,356

9,510

43,245

31,625

7,224

22,276

2,802

1,156

13,678

84

56

1,338

3,162

200,553

2,653

24,972

9,238

23,804

805

30,440

22,457

40,260

45,724

65,555

5,274

17,806

21,651

20,822

86,950

6,299

30,399

5,162

43,090

8,420

45

55

65

2,913

575

2,521

160

2,066

52,855

3,083

966

47,669

516

617

16.3

14.6

13.6

14.8

14.0

14.7

14.7

14.6

15.4

16.2

15.6

14.1

15.7

15.2

15.3

16.6

16.0

14.5

15.0

15.1

13.9

15.3

14.0

15.6

15.1

15.2

15.4

16.5

16.3

19.7

15.5

12.5

15.2

16.2

16.7

14,6

15.3

14.6

15.0

15.4

16.7

17.4

15.0

17.0

15.1

16.3

17.3

14.2

16.2

14.6

15.9

16.0

18.2

20.4

17.2

19.1

15.9

74.5

20.1

20.5

17,6

69.6

60.9

58.4

60,5

58.1

60.4

62.2

63.1

66.3

68.4

67.0

62.6

67.3

65.1

65.3

72.0

67.6

63.3

66.3

64.9

63.5

67.2

63.9

72.5

67.5

67.9

65.9

68.7

66.1

74.1

63.0

55.2

63.7

87.3

67.2

68.4

65.1

62.2

63.5

65.7

71,5

73.6

67.6

71.4

66.6

76.1

74.6

64.7

73,1

63.2

65.0

77.7

79.9

88.1

74.7

80.5

67.3

63.7

84.4

82.9

75.7

‘Includes races other than white end black.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

Table 7. Live births by sex and sex ratio, by race: United States, 1980-91

All other

A// races Wh/te Total Black

Males Males Males Males

per 1,000

Year Male

per 1,000 per 1,000 per 1,000

Female females Male Female females Male Female females Male Female females

Race of mother

1991 . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

1s90 . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . .

1984’ . . . . . . . . . .

1983’ . . . . . . . . . .

1982’ . . . . . . . . . .

1981’ . . . . . . . . . .

1980’ . . . . . . . . . .

2,101,518

2,129,495

2,069,490

2,129,495

2,069,490

2,002,424

1,951,153

1,924,868

1,927,983

1,879,490

1,865,553

1,885,676

1,860,272

1,852,616

2,009,369

2,028,717

1,971,468

2,028,717

1,971,468

1,907,086

1,858,241

1,831,679

1,832,578

1,769,651

1,773,380

1,794,861

1,768,966

1,759,642

1,046

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,051

1,052

1,050

1,052

1,051

1,052

1,053

1,659,077

1,688,088

1,637,594

1,654,928

1,606,757

1,582,675

1,535,517

1,523,914

1,536,646

1,500,326

1,492,385

1,509,704

1,494,437

1,490,140

1,582,196

1,602,185

1,554,761

1,570,415

1,525,234

1,483,487

1,456,971

1,446,525

1,454,727

1,423,176

1,411,865

1,432,350

1,414,232

1,408,592

1,049

1,054

1,053

1,054

1,053

1,053

1,054

1,053

1,056

1,054

1,057

1,054

1,057

1,058

442,441

441,407

431,696

474,567

462,733

439,749

415,636

400,954

391,337

379,164

373,168

375,972

365,835

362,476

427,193

426,532

416,707

456,302

446,234

423,599

401,270

385,154

377,851

366,475

361,515

362,511

354,734

351,050

1,036

1,035

1,036

1,035

1,037

1,038

1,036

1,041

1,036

1,031

1,032

1,037

1,031

1,033

346,455

347,062

341,716

367,455

360,131

341,441

325,259

315,788

308,575

300,951

297,011

301,121

297,864

299,033

336,147

337,254

331,408

357,121

349,264

330,535

316,306

305,433

299,618

291,794

289,016

291,520

289,933

290,583

1,031

1,029

1,031

1,029

1,031

1,033

1,028

1,034

1,030

1,031

1,028

1,033

1,027

1,029

‘Based on 100 percent of blrihs In selected States and on a 50-percent sample of blrthe in all other Wales; see Technical notes.

Table 8. Live births by race of mother and observed and seasonally adjusted birth and fertility rates, by month: United States, 1991

[Rates on an annual basis per 1,000 population for specified month. Sirth rates based on the total population. Fertility rates based on women aged 15-44 years]

Number Observed Seasona//y adjusted’

All other

All

Month

Birth Fertility Bhth

White

Fertility

races Total Black rate rate rate rate

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,807 3,241,273 869,634 682,602 16.3 69.6

January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

335,172 261,002 74,170 58,610 15.7 67.0

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.5 70.4

309,130 242,759 66,371 52,407 16.1 68.4

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.4 69.8

344,079 272,359 71,720 56,341 16.1 68.7

April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.4 69.7

335,626 267,509 68,117 53,251 16.3 69.2 16.7

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71.0

353,131 282,495 70,636 55,151 16.5 70.5

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.6 71.0

334,265 265,336 68,929 53,669 16.1 68.9

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.8 67.5

362,913 285,951 76,962 60,765 16.9 72.3 16.3 69.5

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366,786 288,046 78,740 61,944 17.1 73.1

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.2 69.0

356,016 260,984 75,032 56,813 17.1 73.3

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.1 69.0

348,934 275,193 73,741 57,530 16.2 69.5

November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.3 69.8

323,635 253,491 70,144 54,646 15.5 66.7 16.0

December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

68.7

341,220 266,148 75,072 59,075 15.9 68.0 16.5 70.7

'The method ofseasonal aflustment, developed bythe U.S. Bureau of the Census, isdescrlbed lnthe X.ll Variant of the Census Method llSeaaonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper

No. 15(1987 revision).

Table 9. Average number of live births and Index of occurrence, by day of week United States, 1991

Average Index

Day of week number of births of occurrence’

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,263 100.0

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,975

Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79.7

11,562 102.7

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,301

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109.2

12,053

Thursday. . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.0

12,090 107.3

Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,227 108.6

Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,., 9,612 85.3

‘Index la the ratio of the average number of births on a given day of the week to the average dally number of births for the year, muitlpfied by 100.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 25

Table 10. Live births by attendant, place of delivery, and race of mother: United States, 1991

Attendant

Physician Midwife

P/ace of de/ivery and Doctor of Doctor of Certified nurse Other

race of mother A// births Total medicine osteopathy Total midwife midwife Other Unspecified

All racesl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhospita12, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not in hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . .

Clinic or doctor’s office. . . . . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhospita12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notin hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing center . . . . . . . .

Clinic ordoctor’s office. , . . . . . . . . . .

Residence, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhospitalz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notin hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthingcenter . . . . . . . .

Clinic ordoctor’soffice. . . . . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

4,064,153

45,835

14,228

1,010

27,480

3,117

919

3,241,273

3,202,287

38,227

13,234

856

22,139

1,998

759

682,602

676,662

5,794

563

80

4,250

901

148

3,892,053

3,879,723

11,788

4,764

553

5,324

1,127

542

3,077,205

3,068,457

8,275

4,300

456

2,955

564

473

641,509

638,496

2,949

247

59

2,151

492

64

3,757,348

3,746,484

10,334

4,098

426

4,735

1,075

530

2,965,804

2,958,366

6,976

3,849

336

2,462

529

462

622,326

619,445

2,818

221

56

2,062

479

63

134,705

133,239

1,454

686

127

589

52

12

111,401

110,091

1,299

851

120

493

35

11

19,183

19,051

131

26

3

89

13

1

182,457

160,731

21,696

9,202

285

11,592

617

30

137,489

116,714

20,751

8,705

272

11,183

591

24

32,971

32,421

545

308

2

215

20

5

167,704

158,066

9,611

6,166

117

3,229

99

25

123,645

114,660

8,966

5,724

113

3,046

83

19

32,364

31,936

421

285

122

14

5

14,753

2,663

12,085

3,036

168

8,363

518

5

13,844

2,054

11,785

2,981

159

8,137

508

5

607

483

124

23

2

93

6

31,123

19,544

11,547

231

145

9,911

1,260

32

23,231

14,509

8,707

219

109

7,607

772

15

6,486

4,338

2,132

7

11

1,750

364

16

5,274

4,155

804

11

27

653

113

315

3,348

2,607

494

10

19

394

71

247

1,636

1,407

168

1

8

134

25

61

‘Includes races other than white and black.

‘Includes births occurring en route to or on anlval at hospital.
26 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repotio Vol. 42, No.3(S) *September 9,l993 ~

Table 11. Live births by age of father, age of mother, and race of father: United States, 1991

Age of father

Age of mother and Under 75-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45–49 50–54 55 years Not

race of father Total 15 years years years years years yeara years years years and over stated

All races’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30–34years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35–39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40–44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45–49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years. ..,,......,.. . . . . . .

35–39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . ..d... . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

12,014

519,577

1,089,692

1,219,965

864,862

330,993

52,095

1,709

2,897,365

2,476

244,895

705,461

938,301

705,457

260,304

39,342

1,129

416,814

1,631

64,302

126,727

114,736

75,392

29,085

4,772

169

505

110

287

77

18

9

2

2

315

49

188

56

12

5

2

1

146

50

74

12

5

4

1

129,074

2,346

97,970

25,967

2,167

450

118

16

93,458

1,295

70,570

19,431

1,703

350

97

12

28,886

939

22,174

5,267

395

75

14

2

624,966

849

159,383

377,868

71,595

12,443

2,472

350

6

501,692

597

124,339

306,286

57,949

10,166

2,059

293

3

97,722

184

27,721

57,124

10,628

1,728

288

45

4

1,006,905 940,399 477,724

182 38 19

36,434 7,996 2,002

324,127 85,965 21,190

525,135 367,399 90,167

103,550 413,896 212,957

15,793 60,179 140,675

1,636 4,837 10,549

48 89 165

854,966 805,136 400,796

131 26 15

28,805 8,271 1,527

269,237 69,290 16,421

453,987 313,075 73,141

88,190 360,945 179,962

13,202 51,412 120,714

1,377 4,045 8,863

37 72 133

107,708

30

5,489

40,176

49,672

10,457

1,714

163

7

82,367

8

1,174

10,903

32,934

31,506

5,372

461

9

44,780

3

349

3,199

10,298

18,722

11,246

942

19

166,728

7

637

6,188

24,274

54,406

63,696

19,194

326

137,570

5

478

4,726

19,294

44,208

52,640

15,976

243

18,836

2

113

1,033

3,407

6,396

6,179

1,669

37

45,923

209

2,010

8,740

13,564

15,449

7,421

530

36,189

160

1,538

5,175

10,651

12,382

5,869

414

6,328

32

350

1,163

2,001

1,906

634

42

13,601

2

70

689

2,091

4,002

4,438

2,068

241

10,037

2

53

493

1,516

2,915

3,362

1,550

146

2,451

,.:

441

797

721

301

29

7,509

2

83

491

1,356

2,136

2,290

1,043

106

5,091

57

306

874

1,426

1,619

756

53

1,724

1

16

154

371

522

482

163

15

695,571

8,459

214,506

245,100

129,003

67,447

25,881

4,979

196

52,115

356

12,447

17,675

11,575

6,619

2,815

600

28

25,866

414

7,148

8,339

5,422

3,184

1,161

191

7

‘Includes races other than white and black, and births with race of father not stated.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 27

Table 12. Birth rates by age of father and race: United States, 1980-91

[Rates are live births per 1,000 men in specified group, enumerated as of April 1 for 1980 and 1990 and estimated aa of July 1 for all other years. Figures for age of

father not stated are distributed]

Age of father

15-54 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

Year and race

50-54 55 years

years’ year~ years years years years years years years and over

All races3

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .!....... . . . .

1983, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of father:

,1991 . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Race of father:

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 ..,......,.......,.. . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57.1

58.4

57.2

55.8

55.0

54.8

55.6

55.0

55.1

56.4

56.3

57.0

53.3

54.6

53.3

53.8

52.6

51.5

50.9

51.0

51.9

51.2

51.4

52.5

52.3

52.9

83.4

84.9

84.1

86.3

85.4

82.0

79.5

78.3

78.3

77.6

78.1

60.4

81.2

83.8

24.8

23.5

21.9

19.6

18.3

17.9

18.0

17.8

18.2

18.6

18.4

18.8

19.1

18.1

16.7

17.6

16.4

14.6

13.7

13.5

13.8

13.8

14.3

14.7

14.8

15.2

58.0

55.2

52.9

55.9

53.6

48.7

45.1

43.1

42.3

41.2

41.0

40.7

39.2

40.4

88.0

88.0

85.4

82.4

80.5

80.3

81.2

80.7

82.7

86.5

88.4

92.0

78.4

78.3

75.9

77.2

74.7

72,6

71.8

72.3

73.7

73.4

75.4

79.2

80.8

84.0

158.5

158.2

153.4

160,6

155.6

146.1

138.0

133.1

131.1

129.5

130.5

134.8

139.7

146.6

114.7

116.4

114.3

111.6

109.9

109.6

112.3

111.4

113.0

117.3

119.1

123.0

111.5

113.2

110.8

111.7

109.3

107.0

105.7

105.8

108.7

107.7

109.1

113.1

114.7

116.4

143.3

144.9

143.5

147.3

145.8

140.2

136.0

133.5

134.4

133.9

138.1

142.8

147.2

154.2

95.1

97.8

94.8

93.1

91.2

90.3

91.1

69.9

89.0

90.2

88.7

91.0

93.6

96.1

93.0

94.9

91.8

90.0

66.4

87.7

88.5

67.0

85.9

86.6

84.9

86.9

103.1

103.2

101,4

106.0

103.1

101.6

99.0

98.9

98.6

99.8

100.2

105.0

105.6

110.8

51.8

53.0

51.3

49.9

46.8

46.6

47.3

46.0

45.2

44.5

43.3

42.8

49.7

50.9

49.1

50.1

48.3

46.9

45.6

43.8

44.2

43.0

42.0

41.2

39.9

39.2

58.6

60.4

59.9

61.5

60.9

59.0

59.1

59.0

60.4

59.3

60.5

62.1

62.1

62.8

20.2

21.0

20.4

19.9

19.0

18.3

18.1

17.8

17.4

17.5

17.0

17.1

16.5

19.2

18.7

18.9

18.3

17.7

17.0

16.3

16.0

15.7

15.3

15.4

14.8

14.7

29.4

31.1

31.1

31.8

31.7

31.1

30.7

29.6

30.0

29.7

30.0

30.1

30.0

31.5

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.0

14.2

15.0

14.9

15.3

15.2

14,6

14,1

13.8

13.6

13.5

13.7

14.1

13.6

13.8

2,7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.8

6.7

7.1

6.9

7.2

7,1

7.1

6.7

6.9

6.7

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.9

6.0

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

1.4

1.4

2.7

1.5

2.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

‘Rates computed by relating total blrlhs, regardless of age of father, to men aged 15-54 years,

2Ratas computed by relstlng births of fathers under 20 years of sge to men aged 15-19 yesrs.

31ncludes races other than white and black.
Table 13. Number and percent low birthweight and number of live births by birthweight, by age and race of mothefi United States, 1991

.

Birthweigh?

Low bklhweigh~ Less

than 5oo–

500 999

Age and race of mother Number Percent Total grams grams

All races’

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20–24years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30–34years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . .. . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

292,230

1,641

48,195

3,305

6,335

9,451

13,266

15,838

70,527

76,335

57,908

25,076

4,391

157

167,611

560

26,703

1,490

3,142

5,238

7,546

9,285

48,437

51,389

40,009

17,573

3,018

102

92,350

i ,020

20,136

1,724

2,997

3,947

5,347

6,121

27,520

21,693

14,991

5,975

987

28

7.1

13.7

9.3

11.5

10.5

9.6

9.2

6.5

7.2

6.3

6.8

7.6

6.4

9.2

5.8

11.2

7.6

9.4

8.4

8.0

7.6

6.9

5.8

5.1

5.4

6.5

7.2

6.3

13.6

15.9

13.4

14.4

14.1

13.0

13.4

12.9

12.8

13.3

15.1

16.0

18.3

14.5

4,110,907

12,014

519,577

28,810

60,511

96,905

144,029

187,322

1,089,692

1,219,965

684,862

330,993

52,095

1,709

3,241,273

5,189

352,359

15,850

37,363

65,596

99,472

134,078

831,233

1,000,138

736,816

272,511

41,792

1,235

882,602

8,419

150,956

12,032

21,248

30,291

40,020

47,365

218,918

163,052

99,637

37,362

6,064

194

5,497

31

932

81

119

166

240

326

1,467

1,421

1,113

464

66

3

2,901

6

446

26

49

94

123

154

704

754

656

290

42

3

2,460

24

468

53

65

71

115

164

732

632

421

161

22

20,606

188

3,648

295

522

739

993

1,099

5,284

5,238

4,042

1,858

329

19

11,760

68

1,852

125

258

391

507

571

2,613

3,040

2,530

1,252

212

13

8,194

118

1,714

161

253

330

464

506

2,357

2,041

1,361

515

84

4

1,ooo- l,500– 2,000- 2,500- 3,000- 3,500– 4,000–

1,499 1,999 2,499 2,999 3,499 3,999 4,499

grams grams grams grams grams grams grams

26,694

166

4,770

390

627

975

1,296

1,482

6,931

6,636

5,254

2,450

449

16

16,479

73

2,560

156

325

546

707

826

4,056

4,317

3,461

1,677

307

8

9,507

112

2,111

224

294

404

583

626

2,691

2,279

1,546

646

114

6

55,934

306

9,050

658

1,149

1,786

2,469

2,968

14,716

14,422

11,343

5,119

951

27

35,762

121

4,970

292

581

963

1,373

1,761

8,974

9,643

7,828

3,559

646

21

18%088

178

3,840

348

532

775

1,026

1,159

5,305

4,245

3,016

1,271

229

4

183,299

928

29,795

1,661

3,918

5,785

8,268

9,943

50,129

48,418

36,156

15,185

2,596

92

120,889

312

16,675

891

1,929

3,244

4,838

5,973

31,890

33,835

25,514

10,795

1,811

57

54,101

588

12,003

936

1,853

2,367

3,179

3,666

16,435

12,496

8.645

538

14

669,364

3,022

106,739

6,697

13,564

21,286

29,795

37,397

192,180

182,881

126,763

47,660

7,626

293

469,304

1,094

65,118

3,120

7,288

12,441

18,286

23,963

130,713

135,051

95,467

35,956

5,717

188

162,760

1.621

3,346

5,849

6,220

10,502

12,166

53,214

36,627

21,831

7,842

1,296

44

1,511,479

4,651

204,907

11,350

23,874

39,364

57,046

73,271

415,717

446,210

309,885

112,333

17,225

551

1,178,433

2,048

138,865

6,278

14,612

26,008

39,360

52,407

314,570

362,181

255,371

91,317

13,659

402

256,477

2,435

59,469

4,703

6,308

12,135

15,625

16,498

64,952

60,276

12,612

1,979

55

1,197,183

2,254

124,687

6,133

13,545

23,070

34,597

47,342

303,169

373,549

276,649

100,959

15,430

486

1,015,515

1,198

94,773

3,996

9,660

17,316

26,604

37,177

250,691

324,734

243,104

87,566

13,079

370

134,665

963

26,145

1,853

3,464

5,031

6,977

8,720

42,807

34,428

21,054

7,925

1,278

45

365,391

384

28,090

1,143

2,715

4,924

7,954

11,354

84,283

117,031

93,440

36,329

5,667

167

323,770

235

22,867

646

2,098

3,946

6,537

9,440

73,167

105,292

84,654

32,441

4,969

125

29,926

135

4,374

255

517

835

1,173

1,594

8,717

6,245

5,657

2,389

390

19

4,500- 5,000

4,999 grams Not

grams or more stated

62,925

31

3,862

114

360

621

1,064

1,703

13,054

20,336

17,090

7,206

1,305

41

56,426

21

3,253

81

274

516

910

1,472

11,537

18,461

15,527

6,456

1,134

37

4,602

9

453

23

6a

76

109

177

1,187

1,331

1,076

466

99

1

7,591

5

397

19

27

64

121

166

1,454

2,361

2,171

999

176

8

6,595

2

311

13

20

52

90

136

1,238

2,095

1,937

866

140

6

707

2

67

4

6

9

25

23

168

204

159

82

24

1

4,744

26

700

49

91

125

184

251

1,308

1,242

956

431

75

6

3,419

11

449

26

49

79

117

178

880

935

747

336

56

5

1,115

14

227

22

39

38

62

66

373

246

172

71

11

1

‘Less than 2,5C+I grams (5 pounds 8 ounces).

2Equivafents of gram weights in terms of pounds and ounces are shown in Technical notes.

31ncludes races other than white and bfack.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 29

Table 14. Number and percent of births of low bhthweight, by race of mothe~ United States and each State, 1991

[By place of residence]

Numbe? Percent’

State All races White Black All race~ White Black

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . ..<...... . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..,...

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

o~o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vkginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

292,230

5,489

544

4,367

2,904

35,465

4,409

3.352

682

1,805

14,382

9,460

1,353

972

15,136

5,716

2,210

2,344

3,891

6,767

901

6,391

5,197

11,669

3,568

4,197

5,900

643

1,344

1,568

793

8,940

1,870

22,925

.%612

429

12,427

3,130

2,066

12,287

872

5,279

590

6,547

22,381

2,172

451

7,017

4,059

1,539

4,425

469

167,611

2,625

354

3,590

1,733

25,569

3,790

2,360

454

89

8,516

4,177

332

938

6,315

4,485

2,032

1,694

3,214

2,490

883

2,676

4,096

6,681

2,933

1,434

3,948

566

1,150

1,199

772

5,358

1,640

13,494

4,427

366

6,560

2,205

1,845

8,164

689

2,195

473

3,663

16,139

2,049

442

3,918

3,375

1,427

3,246

439

92,350

2,817

40

320

1,144

6,011

450

896

414

1,651

5,670

5,159

71

6

6,442

1,174

128

384

650

4,196

4

3,315

886

4,826

408

2,733

1,875

6

156

317

9

3,243

74

6,517

3,970

9

3,756

608

121

3,906

134

3,048

6

2,634

5,721

25

5

2,929

343

107

1,024

4

7.1

6.7

4.7

6.4

8.2

5.8

8.2

6.9

7.9

16.4

7.4

8.6

6.6

5.8

7.6

6.7

5.7

6.2

7.2

9.4

5.4

6.1

5.9

7.8

5.3

9.7

7.5

5.6

5.6

7.2

4.9

7.4

7.1

7.9

8.4

4.8

7.5

6.6

4.9

7.3

6.0

9.2

5.4

8.8

7.1

6.0

5.7

7.2

5.1

6.8

6.1

7.0

5.6

6.5

4.5

6.2

6.5

5<1

7.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.9

6.1

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.0

5.5

5.6

6.6

6.1

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.6

4.6

6.5

6.2

5.6

5.2

6.4

4.6

5.8

7.1

6.2

6.4

4.6

6.2

5.9

4.7

5.8

5.4

6.3

5.2

6.9

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.6

4.6

6.6

5.2

7.0

13.6

13.0

7.7

12.6

13.8

12.6

15.4

14.2

14.5

17.9

12.4

12.8

11.5

*

14.9

12.4

11.1

12.1

12,3

13.6

*

13.3

10.2

15.3

14.6

13.1

13.7

*

11.7

15.3

*

13.7

12.9

13.7

13.1

*

14.3

11.8

12,5

15.2

12.0

13.6

*

14.6

13.3

13.9

*

12.3

11.2

13.3

14.2

*

‘Less ihan2,500 grama (5pounds Sources).

zj”cl”de~ racsa other than white and black.
30 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

Table 15. Live births by plurality of birth and race of mother, by age of mothec United States, 1991

Live births ir) trjplet and

Live births in higher order plural

A// /jve births Sing/e /ive births twin de/iver/es delivarries

All All All

Age of mothar

All

races’ White Black races’ White Black races’ White Black rsces’ White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110,907 3,241,273 682,602 4,012,782 3,165,323 663,641 94,779 73,045 18,593 3,346 2,905 366

Under 15 years.,,.....,.,,. 12,014 5,169 6,419 11,875 5,121 6,355 136 68

15-19 years..,........,.. . . . . .

61 3- 3

519,577 352,359 150,956 512,016 347,737 148,207 7,462 4,596

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,810 15,650

2,697 79 26 52

12,032 26,510 15,686 11,904 295 157 126

16years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-

60,511 37,363 21,246 59,764 36,940 20,951 744 423

17years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

294 3- 3

98,905 65,596 30,291 97,577 64,766 29,794 1,313 809 483 75 1 14

18years. ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,029 99,472 40,020 141,836 96,149 39,210 2,173 1,3~2 802 20 11

19years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

167,322 134,078 47,365 184,329 132,174 46,348 2,957 1,895

2&24yeSrS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,069,692

990 36 9 27

831,233 218,918 1,068,121 816,402 212,761 21,171 14,551 6,040 400 280

25-29years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117

1,219,965 1,000,136 163,052 1,190,037 976,147 158,060 28,909 23,093

30-34years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,694 1,019 898 98

684,862 736,816 99,637 658,444 714,864 96,128 25,156 20,779

35-39yeara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,

3,456 1,262 1,173 53

330,993 272,511 37,362 319,916 263,198 36,035 10,622 8,803 1,289

40-44yeare, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

555 510 36

52,095 4t ,792 6,064 50,699 40,643 5,902 1,368 1,131

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

155 28 18 7

1,709 1,235 194 1,674 1,211 193 35 24 l-–-

‘Includes races other than white and black,

Table 16. Numbers, rates, and ratios of births to unmarried women by age and race of mothe~ United States, 1991

Rate per 1,000 unmarried women

Number in specitied group Ratio per 1,000 live births

A// other A// other

All

,41 other

All All

Age of mother races White Total Black races White Total Black races White Total Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213,769 707,502 506,267 463,750 ‘45.2 ‘34.6 ‘76.6 169.5 295.3 218.3 582.2 679.4

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,968 4,346 6,622 6,298 --- --- --- --- 912.9 837.5 970.3 961.1

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357,483 207,035 150,448 139,325 44.8 32.6 90.3 108,5 668.0 567.6

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

899.7 923.0

25,063 12,615 12,468 11,701 1

870.6 795.9

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

962.0 972.5

49,049 27,150 21,899 20,402 30.9 21.6 66.3 80.4 810.6 726.7

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

946.0 960.2

74,039 43,056 30,981 28,714 748.6 658.4

18ysars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,

930.1 947.9

98,118 58,132 39,986 36,902

}

661.2 564.4

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.7 49.6 125.0 146.7 897.4. 922.1

111,194 66,060 45,114 41,606 593.6 492.8

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,...

647.3 876.4

429,094 251,226 177,866 163,532 66.0 51.5 124.4 147.5 393.6 302.2 686.2

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

747.0

234,693 136,727 97,866 89,196 56.5 44.6 90.1 100.9 192.3 136.7 445.2

30-34years. .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

547.1

123,901 72,484 51,417 46,370 38.1 31.1 55.8 60,1 140.0 96.4 347.3

35--39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

465.4

48,353 29,607 18,746 16,357 18.0 15.2 25.1 25.6 146.1 108.6

40yearsand over, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

320.5

9,377 23.6

437.8

6,075 3,302 2,670 23.2 25.7 25.4 174.3 141.2 306.4 426.7

‘Rates computed by relating total births to unmarried mothers, regardless of age of mother, to unmarried women aged 1544 years.

2Rates computed by relating births to unmarried mothers aged 40 yeara and over to unmsrried women aged 40-44 years,

NOTE For 44 States and the Oistnct of Columbis, marital status of mother is reported cmthe birth certificate for 6 States, mother’s marital status Is Inferred; see Technlcsl notes.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 42, No. 3(S) . September 9, 1993 ~31

Table 17. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race: United States, 1970, 1975, and 1980-91

[Rates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Aae of mother

15-19 years

15-44 15-17 18-19 20-24 25–29 30-34 35-39

Year and race

40-44

years’ Total years years years years years years years2

All racess

19914, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

19894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

19884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19844’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804’5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19805’s, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19755’6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19706’7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Race of mothe~

19914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

19904 . . . .

19894 . . . .

19884 . .

19874 . . . .

19884 . . . .

19854 . . . .

19844’5. . . .

19834’5. . . .

19824’5. . . .

19814’5. . . .

19804’5, . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980s’6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975’’$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19706’7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Race of mothec

19914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child:

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19894 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19854. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,

19844’5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19834’6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19624’5. ..,.......,,,,,,. . . . .

19814’5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804’5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19805’6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19755’6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19706’7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45.2

43.6

41.6

38.5

36.0

34.2

32.8

31.0

30.3

30.0

29.5

29,4

26.4

24.5

26.4

34.6

32.9

30.2

31.8

29.2

26.5

24.5

23.2

21.8

20.1

19.2

18.7

18.1

17.6

16.2

12.4

13.9

89.5

90.5

90.7

93.9

93.8

89.3

85.1

81.2

79.0

77.0

78.0

79.8

81.3

62.9

83.2

84.2

95.5

44.8

42.5

40.1

36.4

33.8

32.3

31.4

30.0

29.5

28.7

27.9

27.6

27,5

23.9

22.4

32.8

30.6

28.0

29.5

27.2

24.5

22.5

21.3

20.3

18.9

18.4

17.6

16.9

16.2

15.9

12.0

10.9

108.5

106.0

104.5

110.1

107.9

99.1

93.5

90.6

89.3

87.5

66.8

86.5

86.2

69.2

90.3

93.5

96.9

30.9

29.6

28.7

28.4

24.5

22.8

22.4

21.9

22.0

21.5

20.9

20.6

20.7

19.3

17.1

21.8

20.4

19.3

19.8

18.7

17.1

15.8

14.5

14.2

13.5

13.4

12.9

12.4

11.8

11.7

9.6

7.5

80.4

78.8

78.9

81.2

80.9

75.6

71.6

68.4

67.9

67.4

67.6

67.2

66.7

69.6

70.6

76.8

77.9

65.7

60.7

56.0

51.5

48.9

48.0

45.9

42.5

40.7

39.6

39.0

39.0

38.7

32.5

32.9

49.6

44.9

40.2

43.3

38.9

35.7

33.5

32.7

30.4

27.3

25.8

24.7

24.1

23.6

22.8

16.5

17.6

148.7

143.7

140.9

150.0

146.2

135.1

126.8

124.3

120.4

115.6

113.8

114.8

116.1

120,2

121.8

123.8

136.4

68.0

65.1

61.2

56.0

52.6

49.3

46.5

43.0

41.6

41.5

41.1

40.9

39.7

31.2

38.4

51.5

46.2

43.6

46.5

42.4

38.0

35.6

33.3

30.8

27.7

26.3

25.7

25.0

24.4

22.4

15.5

22.5

147.5

144.8

142.4

150.6

147.4

137.8

129.8

121.2

116.0

110.6

109.9

112.0

113.5

115.1

116.0

108.0

131.5

56.5

56.0

52.8

48.5

44.5

42.2

39.9

37.1

35.5

35.1

34.5

34.0

31.4

27.5

37.0

44.6

43.0

39.1

41.7

37.9

34.2

31.0

29.4

27.5

24.8

22.9

22.2

21.5

20.7

17.3

14.8

21.1

100.9

105.3

102.9

109.0

106.4

100.5

94.6

87.4

82.0

80.4

82.4

85.5

85.8

63.9

62.9

75.7

100.9

36.1

37.6

34.9

32.0

29.6

27.2

25.2

23.3

22.4

21.9

20.8

21.1

18.5

17.9

27,1

31.1

29.9

26.8

28.9

25.9

23.4

21.5

19.5

17.7

16.2

15.4

14.7

13.6

13.6

10.5

9.8

14.2

60.1

61.5

60.5

64.0

62.8

59.6

55.1

51.8

49.3

45.4

45.4

45.9

47.2

48.2

47.0

50.0

71.8

18.0

17.3

16.0

15.0

13.5

12.2

11.6

10.9

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.7

8.4

9.1

13.6

15.2

14.5

13.1

14.0

12.7

11.7

10.4

9.4

8.7

6.1

7.5

7.2

7.0

6.8

5.3

5.4

7.6

25.6

25,5

24.9

26.5

26.0

25.2

23.4

21.5

21.2

20.3

20.2

20.3

20.4

19.6

18,5

20.5

32.9

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.6

3.5

3.2

3.2

2.9

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.5

2.0

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.5

5.0

5.4

5.8

5.6

5.5

7.2

10,4

‘Hates computed by relating total births to unmarned molhers, regardless of age of mother, to unmarried women aged 1M yeara.

2Ratea computed by relating birihs to unmamed mothers aged 40 years and over to unmarried women aged 4044 years.

31ncludes races other than white and black.

4Datafor States inwhich marital stalus was not reported have been inferredand included with data tiomthe remaining States; sae T%hnial notes.

5Basedon 100percent of Utihsln selected Stales andona50-percent sample oftiflha inallother States; see Techni~l notes.

%lhs 10 unmarried women are aatimated for tha United Sfatea from data for ragiatration areas in which marital status of mothar was re~t-te~ see Tech”i~l notes.

‘Baaed on a 50-parcent sample of births.
32 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

Tabls 18. Number and ratio of births to unmarried womsn, by race of mothen United States and each State, 1991

[By place of residence]

Number Ratio per 1,000 live births

State N races’ White Black A// races’ White Black

United States, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . .,, , . ., ..,,...., ...

Alaska . .,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Arkansas . .,, , . . . . . . . . . . .

California*, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,.

C0nnecticut2, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida .,.......,........,.. .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico..,.......,.. . . . . . .

NewYork2. . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina.......,,. . . . . . .

North Dakota,.......,,.. . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . ,,... . .

Oklahoma .,,::::::.,,.. .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,.

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirgmia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,213,769

20,009

3,148

23,899

10,601

204,229

12,664

13,581

3,559

7,ao6

64,101

38,116

5,195

2,924

63,225

24,294

8,657

6,746

13,796

27,694

4,180

24,292

22,S73

40,941

“14,984

16,317

23,736

2,898

5,181

7,016

2,996

31,972

10,445

99,738

32,340

1,952

50,826

12,973

11,324

51,360

4,073

20,000

2,720

24,026

56,528

5,196

1,811

27,126

19,861

6,040

18,235

1,546

707,502

5,197

1,462

18,321

4,676

164,995

10,590

8,792

1,482

198

32,159

11,066

934

2,767

28,954

16,974

7,626

6,452

10,017

6,795

4,067

8,733

16,691

17,830

11,319

3,302

12,991

2,000

3,866

5,132

2,953

15,993

7,549

55,752

11,096

1,376

30,500

7,548

10,011

30,501

3,065

5,484

1,516

10,868

34,992

4,621

1,776

11,731

16,341

5,451

11,579

1,371

463,750

14,755

176

1,616

5,849

30,287

1,657

4,450

2,054

7,145

31,414

26,892

111

13

33,611

7,224

861

2,046

3,726

20,705

21

15,173

5,414

22,720

2,090

14,846

10,541

13

999

1,503

33

15,611

329

42,118

20,357

13

20,079

3,545

703

20,319

757

14,466

10

13,027

20,696

92

17

14,997

1,672

581

5,971

39

295.3

318.6

269.4

350.9

298.8

334.6

235.7

279.6

318.1

662.9

330.4

345.6

260.8

173.8

325.5

263.5

222.0

231.1

253.9

383.6

249.5

306.8

259.3

272.6

223.4

424.0

301.7

251.7

215.7

318.5

183.3

263.3

375.7

340.8

315.9

219.6

306.6

271.4

266.5

304.2

276.4

347.4

248.5

322.5

177.9

144.2

227.4

278.6

249.2

268.3

253.0

230.6

218.3 679.4

127.6 681.5

188.0 343.6

313.1 641.0

174.6 704.8

329.6 635.4

215.5 568.8

214.0 701.3

182.7 719.9

123.4 773.4

221.5 687.0

162.1 668.0

158.9 179.9

169.5 *

199.1 781.8

225,1 759.6

205.5 743.5

191.6 647.7

205.8 706,5

167.5 681.1

248.5 259.3

170.9 607.6

219.7 623.4

153.7 716.4

186.7 745.9

150.7 713.1

203.3 770.8

199.4 *

175.8 746.6

273.8 727.5

183.3 412.5

172.3 658.1

327.7 572.2

257.3 677.6

160.2 668.8

174.0 *

221.5 761.8

201.2 686.7

253.5 726.2

218.0 787.9

236.6 662.9

158.5 644.2

166.3 *

194.1 731.5

130.9 484.9

135.2 511.1

226.1 *

166.8 630.0

231.4 542.3

252.5 721.7

186.0 826.6

217.3 600.0

‘Includes races other than whlteand black.

2MaritalStatusof mother ISInferred: see Techmcal notes.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 33

Table 19. Live births by interval since last live birth, live-birth order, and race of mothec United States, 1991

[Refers only to second- and higher-order births. Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Total, Uve-bliih order

second- and

/rrterva/ since /ast live birth and higher order 8 and

rece of mother births’ 2 3 4 5 6 7 over

All races2

All intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 months (plural deliveries) . . . .

I–ll months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12–17 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18–23 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36–47 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48–59 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60–71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72months or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Allintervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . . .

I-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12–17months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38-47months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72monthsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

All intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Omonths (plural deliveries) . . . . . . . . . .

l-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-17months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-23months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-35months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-47 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-59months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-71 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72 months ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,423,885

43,077

39,540

272,387

326,370

530,650

344,206

217,567

146,573

373,977

129,518

1,887,246

33,198

23,598

191,695

254,602

433,545

263,672

175,972

116,821

284,371

89,772

427,188

8,447

13,561

65,775

56,652

74,462

46,174

32,311

23,519

73,723

32,564

1,314,335

16,156

16,856

128,748

172,763

305,134

201,918

122,876

79,675

198,410

71,997

1,058,100

13,196

11,528

98,702

141,258

257,824

170,204

100,529

63,628

149,724

51,507

198,775

2,392

4,435

23,432

23,896

34,843

23,433

16,929

12,579

40,623

16,213

671,802

13,909

11,116

75,345

86,579

135,663

91,740

62,474

44,289

‘i18,357

32,130

522,430

10,959

6,577

52,617

66,642

106,975

75,093

50,787

36,012

92,250

22,518

122,093

2,512

3,959

19,267

16,423

21,427

13,207

9,269

6,637

21,257

8,135

262,361

7,441

6,034

37,262

38,371

53,635

31,731

20,965

14,616

38,238

14,068

191,741

5,463

3,095

23,649

27,790

41,217

24,774

16,364

11,328

28,966

9,075

58,628

1,761

2,571

11,824

8,808

10,055

5,644

3,699

2,661

7,512

4,293

96,571

3,212

2,935

16,221

15,463

19,945

11,108

6,884

4,834

12,043

5,906

66,581

2,181

1,347

9,215

10,495

14,312

6,142

5,122

3,582

8,641

3,544

26,207

935

1,373

5,917

4,036

4,503

2,307

1,386

988

2,698

2,062

40,704

1,310

1,351

7,565

6,785

8,327

4,233

2,516

1,819

4,126

2,652

26,170

798

577

4,006

4,436

5,840

3,036

1,783

1,331

2,875

1,488

11,519

464

649

2,911

1,835

1,684

886

574

365

989

982

18,117

569

634

3,456

3,039

3,876

1,815

1,087

743

1,609

1,289

11,066

340

253

1,700

1,833

2,580

1,269

744

525

1,096

726

5,285

210

268

1,334

887

950

386

235

161

371

463

16,155

480

612

3,770

3,350

4,070

1,661

945

597

1,194

1,476

11,158

281

221

1,806

2,148

2,797

1,154

623

415

819

914

4,661

173

266

1,290

765

800

311

219

128

273

436

‘Excludes notatated birih order.

21ncludes recesother than whte and black.

Table 20. L]vebirths by educational attainment ofmotherandof father and race Total of48reportlng States, the District of Columbia,

and NewYork City, 1991

Years of school completed

Educetion and tace of rrrofher Education end race of father

All races~ White Black

All

~cesl,z White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,872,352 3,032,173 682,622 3,872,352 2,710,383 404,046

0–5years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,955 52,716 2,920 76,290 51,876

6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,836

75,151 71,207 1,883 67,639 65,138

7years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

841

27,448 21,381 4,538 16,574 14,730

Eyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

838

82,445 65,901 13,351 49,064 44,656

9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,541

171,553 135,308 30,671 94,636 86,020

10years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,845

219,612 156,187 54,933 120,959 101,053

11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,886

286,041 186,177 90,155 172,423 135,306

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31,070

1,432,892 1,099,432 276,569 1,240,258 997,016 197,930

13years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292,102 233,233 49,877 186,302 154,396 25,369

14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364,536 291,294 55,981 299,514 248,960 36,418

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,105 96,272 19,969 101,242 82,060 13,507

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453,651 392,774 33,688 434,867 382,521 28,452

17yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,500 194,899 13,652 319,571 279,249 14,806

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,361 35,392 12,415 693,013 67,400 28,707

‘Includes races other than while and black.

21ncludes births w!th race of father not ststed.

NOTE Excludes data for Washington and New York State (exclusive of New York City), which did not require re~rting of educational attainment of mother and father.
34 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

Table 21. Live births by educational attainment of mother, by age and race of mother: Total of 48 reporting States, the District of

Columbia, and New York City, 1991

Years of school completed by mother

O–8 9-17 12 13-15 16 years

Age and race of mother Total

Not

years years years years or more stated

All races’

Alleges, . . . . . . . . . . ..,,,,.,,.

Under 15 years. . . . . . . . . . ... .,.,,

15-19 years.,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years.. . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years...,,,,,,,.,,,,,, ,, ...

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. .,.......,,. . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years. , ..,...,,,.. . . . . .

35-39years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yaars andover. ..,,,..

White

All eges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,,..,.

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years. ..,,..,...,,..

18years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years. ..,.......,.. . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35–39years. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years andover. ..,...... . . . . .

Black

All eges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years. ..,,,,.....,,, . . . . . .

19years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. .,.......,,. . .

30-34years. .,.......,.. . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yaaraand over.....,,. . . . . . . .

3,672,352

11,625

498,459

27,818

58,165

94,929

138,106

179,441

1,036,044

1,145,053

823,371

307,686

50,112

3,032,173

4,975

335,888

15,195

35,677

62,622

94,757

127,637

765,646

933,220

681,144

251,541

39,757

662,622

6,267

147,105

11,736

20,669

29,439

39,037

46,224

212,754

157,966

96,397

36,066

6,067

250,999

8,895

52,378

9,684

9,155

9,447

11,208

12,884

68,232

57,719

38,953

19,405

5,417

211,205

3,762

41,772

5,671

6,666

7,952

9,846

11,635

61,179

50,835

33,505

15,979

4,153

22,692

4,830

8,894

3,743

2,231

1,190

942

788

3,069

2,390

1,947

1,200

362

677,206

2,268

267,748

17,354

46,726

71,211

69,162

63,273

221,516

113,407

52,077

16,971

3,219

477,672

974

174,703

9,130

27,637

45,505

47,020

45,411

166,448

85,265

36,799

11,375

2,106

175,759

1,216

85,086

7,650

17,638

23,618

20,149

16,031

48,356

23,501

12,350

4,417

833

1,432,892

151,981

1,272

12,515

52,648

85,546

492,356

440,273

255,288

60,925

12,069

1,099,432

102,313

776

8,015

34,669

58,653

365,920

352,637

206,336

63,146

9,080

276,589

44,937

433

4,113

16,297

24,094

110,419

70,618

37,266

13,186

2,163

779,743

18,825

254

3,170

15,401

200,374

285,827

195,514

69,223

9,980

620,799

12,537

192

2,085

10,260

150,718

232,724

160,389

56,465

7.976

125,827

5,616

52

981

4,585

42,173

41,695

26,073

8,962

1,306

679,151

—

40,441

233,129

270,532

116,587

18,462

567,673

32,616

201,522

236,214

101,305

15,816

47,340

5,166

16,653

16,749

7,521

1,249

52,361

462

7,527

780

1,010

1,502

1,898

2,337

13,125

14,696

11,007

4,577

965

35,392

219

4,563

394

598

958

1,135

1,476

8,567

10,237

7,901

3,281

624

12,415

221

2,570

343

367

466

668

726

3,569

3,109

2,012

780

154

‘Includes races other than whita and black.

NOTE: Excludes dsta for Washington and New York State (exclusive of New York City), which did not require reporting of educational attainment of mothar.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 35

Table 22. Live births by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 49 reporting States

and the District of Columbia, and each State, 1991

[By place of residence]

Origin of mother

H/spanic Non-H[spanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto

State

South unknown Not

origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Tota~ White Black stated

All reporting Statea . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,094,566

62,810

11,666

68,109

35,479

610,077

53,813

48,566

11,190

11,776

194,001

110,286

19,922

16,821

194,231

85,707

38,969

37,839

54,326

72,193

16,753

79,164

86,205

150,198

87,069

43,204

76,677

11,513

24,017

22,026

121,406

27,800

292,633

102,362

~887

165,795

47,795

42,499

166,651

14,734

57,672

10,946

74,510

317,746

36,033

7,965

97,370

79,711

22,508

72,071

6,703

623,085

400

367

20,552

379

258,005

9,803

5,234

407

665

28,183

2,587

2,230

1,535

25,727

1,841

732

2,068

231

927

107

2,477

8,485

4,397

1,262

137

1,070

260

954

3,679

17,500

12,592

53,694

1,833

110

2,554

1,862

3,285

5,956

1,400

599

97

481

121,234

2,175

3,7X

6,492

73

1,950

497

411,233

218

195

19,737

298

214,335

4,813

144

116

39

5,152

1,592

318

1,228

19,272

1,364

448

1,726

153

206

22

405

217

2,644

678

54

783

139

663

2,899

1,286

3,030

4,360

1,119

67

1,104

1,368

2,925

436

70

256

73

275

106,446

1,421

65:

4,627

26

1,283

323

59,833

97

46

153

9

2,129

150

3,806

248

14

4,510

253

628

3,2:

222

20

70

26

56

6

262

4,912

404

80

11

59

11

13

69

8,569

37

22,007

242

8

964

77

49

3,995

448

113

8

71

709

54

3::

134

10

477

7

11,058

13

7

28

4

902

19

68

3

6

7,074

94

15

3

193

9

6

10

11

57

4

65

102

60

16

21

4

6

88

908

50

617

33

4

33

9

18

91

18

15

10

255

10

5:

21

1

11

0

86,908

37

34

360

23

30,000

165

718

19

767

8,954

427

47

21

1,144

47

‘ 24

82

15

543

1,5:

3,035

219

83

20

96

4

29

349

5,170

51

23,156

280

12:

41

144

491

751

8

5

51

4,976

204

2

2,323

219

6

69

8

54,053

35

85

274

10,6;

4,656

498

19

39

2,493

221

1,222

270

1,910

199

234

200

26

85

85

173

219

1,070

205

52

109

102

223

263

1,567

9,424

3,552

179

27

332

367

151

941

113

208

11

74

8,848

486

11

363

1,491

28

110

159

3,434,464

62,396

11,310

47,499

35,092

349,122

43,954

40,198

10,772

10,604

165,718

107,403

17,685

15,259

167,013

83,729

38,215

35,730

54,051

71,196

15,683

74,284

79,141

139,862

62,664

43,049

77,564

10,816

22,787

18,315

103,542

15,206

229,408

100,492

8,708

163,029

45,879

39,192

162,593

12,659

56,933

10,837

74,023

196,283

33,833

7,003

93,551

71,073

22,426

70,076

6,202

2,589,876 666,758

40,296 21,616

7,561 507

38,214 2,482

26,425 8,288

242,274 46,758

39,487 2,820

33,737 5,451

7,725 2,831

1,401 9,185

118,154 44,681

65,513 40,173

5,224 597

14,792 52

119,739 41,996

73,528 9,453

36,371 1,148

31,607 3,142

48,447 5,255

39,788 30,347

15,602 71

47,821 23,863

68,390 7,233

106,234 31,261

57,059 2,366

21,771 20,615

62,867 13,646

9,376 32

20,767 1,334

15,143 2,043

76,192 22,697

10,563 550

159,146 56,986

67,561 30,381

7,734 84

135,107 26,227

35,684 5,135

36,324 956

134,279 25,296

11,044 1,022

34,039 22,404

9,030 54

55,525 17,797

146,199 42,876

32,050 170

6,918

88,858 23,7:

62,567 2,887

21,525 801

60,374 7,154

5,826 59

37,017

14

9

58

2,95:

56

3,134

11

107

100

298

7

27

1,491

137

42

21

44

70

763

2,423

579

5,939

3,143

18

4s

437

276

32

364

9,531

37

68

212

54

22

302

875

40

12

6

229

25

931

70

2,146

7

45

4

‘Includes races other than white and black,
36 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

Table 23. Number and percent distribution of live births by race of mother, according to Hispanic origin of mother: Total of 49 reporting

States and the District of Coiumbia, 1991

Origin of mother

Hispan;c

Central and Other and

All Puerto

Race

South unknown Non- Not

origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban American His~anic Hispanic statad

Number

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,094,566 623,085 411,233 59,833 11,058 86,908 54,053 3,434,464 37,017

White, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,225,161 606,624 408,619 57,144 10,739 79,875

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50,247 2,589,878 28,659

662,522 9,556 1,033 2,010 273

Other, , ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,008 1,232 666,758 6,208

186,883 6,905 1,581 679 46 2,025 2,574 177,828 2,150

Percent distribution

All races....,....,...,.. . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 97.4 99.4 95.5 97.1 91.9 93.0 75.4 77.4

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 1.5 0.3 3.4 2.5

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.8

4,6

2.3

1.1 0.4

19.4 16.8

1.1 0.4 2.3 4.6 5.2 5.8

NOTE: Excludes New Hampshwe, which did not report Hispanc origin of mother on the birih certificate,

Table 24. Estimsted birth and fertiiity rates, totai fertility rates, and birth rates by age of mother, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by

race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, 1991

Origin of mother

FWpenic Non-Hisparr/c’

All Puerto Other

Measure origins’ Total Mexican R/can Cuban Hispan/c 2 Tots/3 White Black

8irthrate4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ferfilityrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totalferlility rate6, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates by age of mothec’

10-14years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20–24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years. . .,, .,...... . . . . . . . .

45–49years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.3

69.6

2,073.0

1,4

62.1

38.7

94.4

115.7

118.2

79.5

32.0

5.5

0.2

26.7

108.1

3,002.5

2.4

106.7

70.6

158.5

186.3

152.8

96.1

44.9

10.7

0.6

29.2

121.6

3,317.5

2.6

117.3

75.9

178.4

209.9

168.2

103.3

49.1

12.3

0.8

21.0

80.9

2,276.0

2.6

102.7

75.2

143.0

149.4

107.5

61.4

25.7

5.7

0.4

10.1

49.1

1.385.5

0.0

27.7

17.5

41.3

61.2

88.8

68.2

26.7

4.0

0.0

26.5

99.3

2,617.0

2.1

88.1

58.9

128.8

161.1

150,6

101.5

4S.2

11.2

0.6

15.0

64.4

1,930.0

1.2

55.5

34.0

85.0

105.2

112.2

76.5

30.2

5.0

0.2

13.7

60.0

1,796.0

0.5

42.7

23.3

69,5

94.2!

110.9

76.5

29.6

4.6

0.2!

22.3

66.8

2,526.5

4.9

116.1

86.1

162.0

164.7

115.0

68.4

28.5

5.5

0.2

‘Includes origin not stated.

21ncludes Central and South American and other and unknown Hispanic.

31ncludes races other than white and black.

4Rate per 1,000 total population,

‘Rate per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years.

6Rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5.

‘Rates per 1,000 women in specifiad group.

NOTG Rates by Hispenic origin based on birth data for 49 reporting Statea and the Oistrict of Columbia. Excludes New Hampshire, which did not require reporting of Hlspanlc origin of mother

onthb%irth certificate. See Technical notes fordescrlptlon ofprocedure forestimatlng populations forlndlvldual Mspanic groups.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 37

Table 25. Live births by age and Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 49

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1991

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-H3panic

Central and

All

Other and

Puerto South

Age of mother

unknown

origins’ Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Total* White Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,094,566

12,006

516,421

26,779

60,413

98,699

143,682

186,048

1,086,199

1,214,456

680,430

329,471

51,679

1,704

623,085

2,484

104,651

6,411

13,440

20,907

28,517

35,376

199,329

170,362

99,819

38,690

7,443

307

411,233

1,722

72,842

4,314

9,273

14,486

20,063

24,686

137,293

109,322

61,436

23,767

4,646

205

59,833

324

12,630

926

1,793

2,618

3,319

3,974

20,169

15,154

6,105

2,880

549

22

11,058

9

775

33

93

154

231

264

2,081

4,174

2,864

1,014

137

4

86,908

180

6,006

419

881

1,521

2,156

3,027

22,933

27,439

18,833

7,924

1,534

59

54,053

249

10,398

719

1,400

2,128

2,726

3,425

16,853

14,273

8,581

3,105

577

17

3,434,464

9,437

409,636

22,138

46,514

77,043

114,097

150,044

878,094

1,033,586

771,587

286,762

43,764

1,378

2,589,878

2,721

246,570

9,444

23,899

44,531

70,592

98,104

626,666

820,779

628,209

230,211

33,806

916

666,758

6,338

146,342

11,849

20,902

29,746

39,323

46,522

214,499

158,613

96,715

36,195

5,869

187

‘Includes cwgin not stated.

‘Includes races other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother on lhe birth certificate.

Table 26. Percent of births with selected characteristics, by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic

orlghr:Totalof49r eportingS tatesandt heDistrictof Columbia, 1991

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central and Other and

All Puerto south unknown

Characteristic origins’ Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Hispanic Totalz White Black

Bkthstom othersu nder20years. . . . . . . . . . 13.0 17.2 18.1 21.7 ;,1 9.4 19.7 12.2 9.6 23.2

Fourth- and higher-order birlhs. . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 15.3 16.8 13.5 6.6 12.6 12.3 9.9 8.1 15.7

Blrthsto unmarried mothers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 38,5 35.3 57.5 19,5 43.1 37.9 28.0 18.0 68.2

Mothers with 12 years or more

ofeducation3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 45.5 38.3 57.7 83.1 55.4 65.5 81.3 84.7 69.6

Mothers born inthe United States. . . . . . . . . 63.7 38.2 37.4 57.9 25.2 4.7 79.6 91.9 95.6 93.2

Mothers who began prenatal care in

the first trimester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 61.0 58.7 65.0 85.4 63.4 65.6 78.9 83.7 61.9

Mothers whohadlate orno prenatal care . . . . 5.8 11,0 12,2 9.1 2.4 9.5 8.2 4.8 3.2 10.7

Preterm births4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 11,0 10,6 13.5 9.7 10.9 11.1 10.8 8.7 19.0

Birthweight

Birthaofvery low birthweight5 . . . . . . . . . 1,3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3

Births oflowbirthweight6 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.9 3.0

7.1 6.1 5.6 9.4 5.6 5.9 7.2 7.3 5.7 13.6

Births of4,000grams ormore7 . . . . . . . . . 10>6 9.3 9.9 6.7 10.7 9.4 8.1 10.8 12.5 5.1

‘Includes origin not stated.

‘Includes races other than wh!te and black.

3Excludes data for New York State (axclusive of New York City) and Washington, which did not raqulra reporting of educational attainment of mother.

‘Born prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation.

561rthweight of less than 1,500 grams (3 pounds 4 ouncas).

6Blrthwelght of less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces).

7Equivalent to8 pounds 140unces (macrosomic).

NOTE Excludes New Hampshire, which did not report Hispanic origin of mother on the birth cer%ficate.
38 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

Table 27. Live births by age and specified race of mother: United States, 1991

Asian or Pacific Islander

All Americsn

Age of mother races’ Whjte Black Indiar? Chinese Japanese Hawaiian Filipino Other

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

12,014

519,577

28,810

60,511

98,905

144,029

187,322

1,089,692

1,219,965

884,862

330,993

52,095

1,709

3,241,273

5,189

352,359

15,850

37,363

65,596

99,472

134,078

831,233

1,000,138

736,816

272,511

41,792

1,235

682,602

6,419

150,956

12,032

21,248

30,291

40,020

47,365

216,918

163,052

99,637

37,362

6,064

194

36,841

166

7,735

471

907

1,523

2,149

2,685

12,755

9,727

5,761

2,258

417

22

22,498

6

247

17

22

29

72

107

1,842

7,332

8,557

3,855

837

20

8,500

3

230

10

34

41

47

98

776

2,325

3,268

1,619

250

9

5,888

11

1,054

58

131

200

303

362

1,662

1,626

909

357

65

2

26,227

26

1,566

85

160

261

431

629

4,894

7,449

7,499

3,937

826

26

82,259

i84

5,172

270

609

914

1,473

1,906

16,562

27,462

21,790

6,862

2,009

196

i Includes births of other races not shown separately.

‘Includes births to Aleuts and Eskimos.

Table 28. Birthrates by age and specified race ofmothe~ United States, 1991

[13irthrates by age of mother are live births per 1,000 women in specified group]

Asian or

American Pacific

Measure All races’ White Black Irrdia# Islander

Birth rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 15.4 21.9 18.3 18.2

Ferfilityrate4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 67.0 65.2 75.1 67.6

8irth rates by age of mother

10-14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15–17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18–19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4

62.1

36.7

94.4

115.7

118.2

79.5

32.0

5.5

0.2

0.8

52.6

30.7

83.5

109.0

118.8

80.5

31.8

5.2

0.2

4.8

115.5

84.1

156.6

160.9

113.1

67.7

26,3

5.5

0.2

1,6

65.0

52,7

134.3

144,9

106.9

61.9

27.2

5.9

0.4

0.8

27.4

16.1

43.1

75.2

123.2

103.3

49.0

11.2

1.1

‘Includes births of other races not shown separately,

21ncludes births to Aleuts and Eskimos.

3Rateperl,000 total population.

4Ratepar 1,000 women aged 15-44 years.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repoti@ Vol. 42, No.3(S) oSeptember9, l993 ~ 39

Table 29. Percent of births with selected characteristics, by specified race of mothec United States, 1991

Asian or Pacific Islander

American

Characteristic A// races’ White Black Indian 2 Chinese Japanese Hawaiian F/lipino Other

Births tomothers under 20 years. . . . . . 12.9

Fourth- andhigher-order births. . . . . . . 10.7

Birlhsto unmarried mothers. . . . . . . . . . . 29.5

Mothers with 12years or more

ofeducation3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7

Mothers born inthe United States . . . . . 83.5

Mothers who began prenatal care in

the first trimester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2

Mothers whohadlate orno prenatal care . . 5.8

Preterm bitths4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8

Birthweight

Births ofverylow birthweight5 . . . . . . . . 1.3

Births oflow birthweights . . . . . . . . . . 7.1

Births of4,000grams ormore7 . . . . . . 10.6

11.0

9.5

21.8

23.1

15.7

67.9

20.3

22.7

55.3

1.1

3.5

5.5

2.7

4.2

9.8

18.1

16.3

45.0

6.1 6.5

7.3 14.4

16.8 13.5

77.0

84.8

69.5

91.6

63.5

97.6

64.2

10.4

97.0

51.9

60.6

96.6

89.6 73.5

15.3 6.3

79.5

4.7

9.1

61.9

10.7

16.9

59.9

12.2

11.9

82.3

3.4

7.4

87.7

2.5

7,5

68.1

7.5

11.2

77.1 71.9

5.0 6.8

10.9 10.8

1.0

5.8

11.9

3.0

13.6

5.2

1.1

6.2

12.6

0.7

5.1

6.1

0.6

5.9

5.2

1.0

6.7

6.9

1.0 0.9

7.3 6.7

6.3 5.6

‘Includes bmhs of other races not shown separately.

21ncludes brthstoAleutsand Esk[mos.

3Excludes dstafor New York State (exclusive of New York GW) and Washington, wMchd[d notrequIre repofl!ng ofeducatronal atinment.

4Bom prior to 37 weeks of gestation.

5Buthweight of leas than 1,500 grams (3 pounds 4 OUnCeS).

6Brthwe!ght of lees then 2,500 grams (5 pounds 8 ounces).

71Zquivalentto8pounds140unces (macrosomic).
40 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

Table 30. Live bhths by month of pregnancy prenatal care began and age and race of mother: United States, 1991

Month of pregnancy prenazli care began

A/l 1st and 2d 3d 4th-6th 7th-9th No prenatal Not

Age and race of motfrer births months month months months we stated

All races’

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yeare, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15J19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2S29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . ...’.... . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yeareandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2C-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearaandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

12,014

519,577

28,810

60,511

98,905

144,029

187,322

1,089,692

1,219,965

864,882

330,993

53,804

3,241,273

5,169

352,359

15,850

37,383

65,596

99,472

134,078

831,233

1,000,136

736,816

272,511

43,027

682,602

6,419

150,956

12,032

21,248

30,291

40,020

47,365

216,918

183,052

99,637

37,362

6,258

2,227,360

2,577

169,952

7,228

17,225

30,356

47,588

67,555

503,437

737,607

572,089

210,630

31,068

1,868,348

1,247

122,362

4,304

11,213

21,196

34,531

51,118

407,265

633,999

496,225

181,166

26,084

266,107

1,256

42,901

2,715

5,520

8,341

11,736

14,587

80,736

74,455

48,345

17,698

2,716

840,135

2,085

116,465

6,004

13,271

22,401

32,307

42,482

236,580

242,009

169,464

63,192

10,320

661,885

959

82,489

3,506

8,645

15,643

23,328

31,367

183,175

196,769

139,315

51,075

8,103

139,339

1,067

30,667

2,319

4,251

6,139

8,077

9,901

45,041

33,211

20,342

7,698

1,293

723,397

4,737

164,554

10,872

20,956

32,581

45,413

54,932

244,894

165,327

97,352

38,346

8,187

504,732

1,693

106,234

5,485

12,417

20,710

30,149

37,473

172,784

119,683

70,662

27,565

5,891

180,699

2,671

52,798

4,837

7,661

10,799

13,697

15,584

61,799

35,200

19,383

7,443

1,405

155,229

1,457

38,426

2,801

5,105

7,584

10,461

12,475

54,577

33,026

18,566

7,384

1,793

104,862

604

24,249

1,535

3,002

4,683

6,781

8,248

37,382

23,266

12,920

5,144

1,297

40,336

790

12,563

1,149

1,885

2,614

3,242

3,673

14,197

7,155

3,854

1,508

271

76,864

721

16,889

1,231

2,196

3,405

4,686

5,389

25,515

17,960

10,410

4,361

988

44,003

311

9,457

614

1,185

1,930

2,607

3,121

14,767

10,296

5,912

2,595

685

30,083

393

6,932

587

947

1,377

1,913

2,108

9,686

7,006

4,045

1,552

269

87,922

437

13,291

874

1,756

2,678

3,584

4,469

24,689

24,016

16,961

7,080

1,448

57,443

175

7,566

406

901

1,434

2,076

2,751

15,860

16,125

11,782

4,946

987

24,058

242

5,075

425

764

1,021

1,353

1,512

7,279

6,025

3,668

1,465

‘Includes races other than white and black.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~41

Table 31. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began, number of prenatal visits, and race of mothec United States, 1991

Monm of pregnancy Drenatal we began

Number of prena&71visits At/ 1stand2d 3d 4th-57h 7th-9th No prena.kal Not

and race of mother bkths months month months months we statad

All racesl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-~s’~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6vis”b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8vis”ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12 visite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14 visite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-16visite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visltsormore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N&stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lG16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitaormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

TotsI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34visks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6visite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visita. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l%14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitaormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

76,864

65,080

124,217

239,910

396,045

782,S95

1,054,963

623,741

410,234

89,038

130,402

117,286

3,241,273

44,003

38,426

77,478

162,003

293,515

614,432

881,901

531,738

338,470

74,806

105,905

76,796

682,602

30,063

22,910

38,705

62,982

129,910

128,813

69,453

58213

11,203

20,254

31,570

2,227,360

. . .

7,933

14,527

45,346

119,166

358,164

693,506

467,710

318,~ 53

70,089

101,641

31,115

1,666,346

. . .

4,960

8,924

31,464

92,695

294,089

594,065

406,676

267,671

59,847

64,744

23,193

268,107

. . .

2,570

4,752

11,164

19,866

46,849

71,173

44,661

38,702

8,024

13,637

6,689

840,135

. . .

5,580

13,470

41,722

93,906

214,348

248,255

113,670

65,189

13,906

18,563

11,516

661,865

. . .

3,202

8,068

28,397

70,986

169,094

203,773

93,432

51,592

11,232

14,161

7,948

139,339

. . .

2,115

4,610

10,797

17,637

34,480

33,811

15,922

10,795

2,125

3,751

3,096

723,397

. . .

17,249

50,943

111,723

157,162

193,508

104,430

38,714

24,408

4,427

8,975

11,858

504,732

. . .

9,152

30,710

73,853

111,351

139,253

77,478

28,926

17,329

3,276

6,127

7,279

1.90,699

. . .

7,286

16,979

30,713

36,901

44,693

22,134

8,138

6,174

945

2,562

4,1.54

155,229

. ..

31,805

42,652

37,416

22,019

10,662

3,971

1,603

1,011

207

450

3,313

104,862

...

19,666

28,265

25,946

15,740

7,738

2,912

1,088

734

145

323

2,105

40,336

...

9,816

11,437

9,113

4,945

2,486

637

340

=8

38

105

1,011

76,664

76,864

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

44$X33

44,CX33

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

30,063

30,C63

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

87,922

. . .

2,513

2,625

3,703

3,792

6,093

4,821

2,144

1,563

399

773

59,496

57,443

. . .

1,246

1,511

2,323

2,543

4,258

3,675

1,616

1,144

306

550

38,271

24,058

. . .

1,123

927

1,175

977

1,422

856

392

314

71

179

16,620

i Includes races Otherthan white end black.
42 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

Table 32. Live births by period of gestation, birthweight, and race of mother: United States, 1991

Period of gestation

All Under 28 28-31 32-35 36 37-39 40

Birthweigh? and race of mother

41 42 weeks Not

births weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks and over stated

All racesz

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

500–999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000–l,499 grams . .,,..,... . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500-2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500–4,999 grams . .,,....,. . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not stated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than 500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500–l,999 grams, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000-3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500–3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,500–4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lessthan 500 grams,.......,.. . . .

500-999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,500-1,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000–2,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,500–2,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.. .

3,000–3,499 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,500-3,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams......,,.. . . . . .

4,500-4,999 grams . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,000 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,110,907

5,497

20,606

26,894

55,934

183,299

669,364

1,511,479

1,197,163

365,391

62,925

7,591

4,744

3,241,273

2,901

11,780

16,479

35,762

120,889

469,304

1,178,433

1,015,515

323,%70

56,426

6,595

3,419

682,602

2,460

8,194

9,507

18,088

54,101

162,760

256,477

134,665

29,926

4,602

707

1,115

29,304

5,042

15,019

4,378

1,474

1,069

1,571

751

15,766

2,646

8,394

2,399

648

494

731

454

12,720

2,280

6,209

1,852

786

546

772

275

49,690

218

4,159

13,590

11,427

5,384

5,599

6,079

3,078

156

29,363

120

2,505

8,453

7,108

2,714

2,771

3,545

2,044

103

18,461

93

1,521

4,700

3,944

2,465

2,580

2,222

890

46

208,895

15

594

5,887

26,675

54,803

54,316

42,116

19,323

4,216

638

120

192

136,530

11

373

3,742

17,488

37,019

35,520

26,979

13,503

3,174

497

88

136

60,716

4

197

1,926

8,229

15,665

16,206

12,694

4,775

837

112

24

47

152,193

1

56

603

4,566

25,256

54,571

45,117

17,463

3,796

605

79

76

109,514

39

389

3,046

17,058

38,906

33,057

13,369

3,027

502

62

59

35,694

15

197

1,364

7,095

13,137

9,910

3,263

607

78

14

14

1,715,825

10

166

1,208

7,849

67,601

714,163

450,561

109,087

16,433

2,176

891

1,342,873

.

11;

761

5,036

44,777

244,111

556,882

378,966

95,331

14,375

1,808

709

286,652

3

48

403

2,455

19,346

80,688

119,417

52,505

9,896

1,481

265

i 45

919,682

6

75

311

1,289

12,762

101,543

347,079

330,569

105,961

17,794

1,877

416

755,251

5

48

167

811

8,333

72,545

276,101

284,416

94,747

16,063

1,652

343

124,630

1

23

i 09

423

3,822

23,254

53,878

33,736

7,966

1,205

‘154

57

557,969

33

150

694

6,180

49,823

188,788

212,470

82,279

15,467

1,786

299

467,150

24

96

460

4,040

35,986

151,681

184,477

74,368

14,150

1,623

245

69,469

7

42

209

1,866

11,324

28,582

20,748

5,622

911

118

40

434,195

4

31

273

1,152

7,954

49,061

153,180

152,894

56,592

11,323

1,434

267

351,008

3

16

172

710

5,062

34,065

119,164

129,925

60,162

10,248

1,266

215

66,096

1

14

88

388

2,661

12,709

27,166

17,511

4,718

767

117

36

43,154

201

471

494

808

2,290

7,180

14,947

10,825

3,460

665 ,

119

1,694

31,818

110

270

280

455

1,392

4,669

11,024

8,815

2,961

591

96

1,155

7,964

78

160

190

290

735

1,690

2,588

1,235

280

48

15

455

‘Equivalents of the gram weights in pounds and ounces are shown in the Technical notes.

‘Includes races other than white and black.
Table 33. Live births bv 1- and 5-minute Arwar scores, by race of mothec Total of 48 rePor’tin9 States and the District of CoJumbla, 1991

5-mkrute score

l-minute score and Not

race of mother Total o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races’

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,396

997

780

182

54

23

9

9

29

132

170

8

5

1,413

530

453

110

30

13

6

5

23

109

129

3

2

902

436

6,491

354

4,713

838

248

61

26

24

26

67

96

3

33

3,646

213

2,605

476

126

39

14

14

20

49

68

3

17

2,705

131

2,018

337

114

20

10

10

8

14

27

16

2,990 3,064

196

1,266

729

467

122

66

36

53

59

34

1

29

1,846

126

4,546

165

1,508

1>300

715

8,733

127

1,863

2,176

1,977

1,161

646

158

19,237

106

2,167

3,243

3,826

4,020

3,325

1,587

389

366

163

2

41

48,537

76

2,089

3,590

5,386

7,592

10,741

11,062

5,890

1,470

571

4

66

227,617

79

2,189

4,126

6,819

11,408

19,336

37,719

78,406

65,365

2,107

28

235

175,679

49

1,514

2,907

4,957

8,217

14,303

28,748

61,630

51,744

1,658

20

134

44,190

26

601

1,061

1,644

2,609

4,444

7,630

14,143

11,155

383

7

87

2,397,369

134

1,989

3,864

7,126

12,916

23,595

48,287

180,760

1,152,964

964,610

270

654

434,592

36

72

153

239

382

789

1,854

6,242

44,897

353,688

26,017

223

27,312

23

110

95

75

86

52

63

85

220

310

43

26,148

3,183,084

2,515

19,698

21,511

27,166

38,275

58;743

o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 . . . . . . . . ...!.. . . . . . .

8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

lo:::::::::::::::::::

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

220

952

1,213

232

98

61

30

52

63

45

1

23

1,762

146

582

686

128

54

36

16

34

40

27

13

1,152

71

348

495

93

40

24

14

16

23

17

1

10

384

95

101

62

124

40

32

2,956

108

997

831

478

234

60

63

50

87

30

—

18

1,449

51

470

425

214

138

34

34

27

35

10

13

272;221

1,265,946

1,322,165

26,379

27,533

205

219

131

4

44

5,714

75

1,198

1,410

1,301

789

429

102

143

154

85

2

26

2,749

48

598

697

White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,473,332

1,486

12,460

14,413

19,092

27,572

43,519

77,269

216,805

1,006,183

1,012,162

21,566

18,765

13,025

73

1,408

2,127

2,558

2,756

2,334

1,113

275

246

111

1

23

1,857,903

78

1,446

2,614

5,294

9,835

17,829

37,396

144,741

915,323

72%?,749

231

361

355,381

23

61

115

194

327

624

1,526

5,351

39,110

286,643

21,281

126

16,758

14

61

51

46

52

32

50

54

156

223

22

17,997

51

1,369

2,439

3,711

5,382

7,815

8,238

4,453

1,116

419

2

32

766

445

269

74

37

18

31

43

22

1

16

1,117

65

456

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,645

31

700

1,023

1,146

1,157

898

421

93

114

43

1

16

12,053

24

628

1,051

1,522

1,979

2,623

2,515

1,230

307

140

2

32

449,149

53

466

917

1,570

2,826

5,033

9,296

30,057

193,949

204,686

27

265

63,376

12

11

34

37

45

140

279

704

4,549

53,461

4,015

89

7,356

9

46

40

27

32

19

12

27

49

73

20

7,002

591,843

957

6,648

6,411

7,199

9,458

13,450

20,489

46,389

210,282

258,919

4,077

7,564

308

66

23

6

3

4

5

16

30

2

3

265

180

47

26

19

21

14

11

13

629

357

196

53

58

57

38

2

16

‘Includes reces other than white and black.

NOTE Excludes data for California and Texas which did not require reporting of either 1-or 5-minute Apgar score.
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repotio Vol. 42, No.3(S) oSeptember9, l993 ~

Table 34. Live births by 5-minute Apgar score and age and race of mothe~ Total of 48 reporting States and the District of Columbia,

1991

5-minute score

Age and race

of mother Total o

Not

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 stated

All races’

Total .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15 years . . . . . . . . . . .

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years. . .,, ,. . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years. .,, . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years. . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years, . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years. . . . . . . . . . .

15–19years. ,, . . . . . . . . . .

15 years. ,,, . . . . . . . . . .

16years. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years, .,.....,,,,..

19years, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20–24years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25–29years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35–39years. ,, . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45–49years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,183,084

9,299

399,547

22,036

45,896

75,691

111,006

144,916

637,629

952,792

691,539

252,926

36,201

1,151

2,473,332

3,259

254,859

10,731

25,840

46,766

72,470

99,052

620,034

776,661

577,788

209,144

30,709

858

591,843

5,774

132,611

10,626

18,666

26,651

35,148

41,520

190,254

140,210

85,350

32,199

5,275

170

2,396

25

395

39

56

77

101

120

607

655

482

193

36

1

1,413

7

179

13

22

32

56

56

324

407

339

133

23

1

902

17

208

26

36

43

44

59

264

221

130

49

13

6,491

44

1,139

94

157

215

287

386

1,763

1,698

1,229

639

77

2

3,646

9

541

36

66

112

141

186

937

976

761

369

51

2

2,705

34

560

57

87

96

141

197

785

695

433

156

22

2,990

26

493

37

76

100

i 30

148

842

806

554

226

40

1

1,762

7

260

10

32

52

72

94

450

503

367

148

27

1,152

20

226

27

44

48

55

52

373

281

175

67

9

1

3,064

20

524

46

61

100

146

171

837

805

599

230

49

1,648

7

271

20

31

46

72

100

495

504

387

156

28

1,117

13

236

24

30

46

69

67

323

276

184

69

16

4,546

25

605

53

106

155

198

293

1,221

1,199

862

365

64

5

2,956

8

443

19

44

66

116

176

759

838

599

262

43

4

1,449

17

334

34

54

86

75

105

432

325

229

94

17

1

8,733

54

1,456

100

184

284

426

462

2,375

2,342

1,665

713

115

13

5,714

18

836

48

94

156

262

276

1,503

1,609

1,163

496

79

10

2,749

34

582

52

80

118

158

174

612

658

450

186

26

1

19,237

105

3,166

217

420

605

841

1,085

5,327

5,201

3,616

1,530

284

4

13,025

33

1,655

96

230

347

513

667

3,441

3,719

2,649

1,124

202

2

5,645

66

1,237

116

162

246

300

393

1,756

1,337

841

342

62

2

48,537

247

7,738

527

934

1,466

2,146

2,643

13,539

13,137

9,328

3,877

646

25

35,047

85

4,739

257

507

915

1,346

1,712

9,499

10,045

7,194

2,979

491

15

12,053

158

2,811

256

405

535

739

876

3,689

2,727

1,791

742

129

6

227,817

636

32,187

1,876

3,685

5,976

6,979

11,471

62,666

65,304

46,067

17,779

2,904

74

175,879

322

21,148

973

2,306

3,762

5,997

8,108

46,887

53,029

37,780

14,394

2,267

52

44,190

488

10,032

646

1,460

2,007

2,696

3,023

13,890

10,067

6,567

2,645

491

10

2,397,369

6,856

298,012

16,268

34,050

56,661

62,611

108,402

629,437

720,839

523,501

189,607

28,292

825

1,857,903

2,377

187,956

7,771

18,875

34,595

53,373

73,342

463,207

586,570

437,662

156,764

22,764

603

449,149

4,268

100,813

7,985

14,125

20,335

26,660

31,688

146,078

106,723

64,317

23,975

3,826

129

434,59’2

936

49,977

2,521

5,497

9,294

14,140

16,525

111,803

133,304

97,900

35,324

5,172

176

355,381

355

34,593

1,365

3,368

6,262

9,936

13,622

87,893

113,113

64,572

30,364

4,340

151

63,376

551

14,063

1,060

1,953

2,797

3,620

4,433

20,618

15,100

9,049

3,393

564

18

27,312

123

3,653

238

466

736

1,001

1,212

7,212

7,502

5,734

2,543

520

25

18,756

31

2,036

103

243

397

582

713

4,639

5,368

4,315

1,955

394

18

7,356

86

1,469

123

210

312

371

453

2,234

1,600

1,184

481

100

2

‘Includes races other than white and black.

NOTE: Excludes data for California and Texas, which did not require reporting of S-minute Apgar score.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~ 45

Technical notes

Source of data

Data shown in this report for 1991

are based on 100 percent of the birth

certificates in all States and the District of Columbia. The data are provided to the National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS) through the Vital

Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP).

In 1984 and earlier years, the VSCP

included varying numbers of States that

provided data based on 100 percent of

their birth certificates. Data for States

not in the VSCP were based on a

50-percent sample of birth certificates

filed in those States. Information on

sampling procedures and sampling

errors for 1984 and earlier years is

provided in the annual report, P7tal

Statistics of the United States, Volume I,

Natality.

Race

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

NCHS is tabulating its birth data primarily by race of the mother. In 1988

and prior years, births were tabulated

by the race of the child, which was

determined from the race of the parents as entered on the birth certificate.

When the parents were of the same

race, as was the case for 96.3 percent

of births in 1991, the race of the child

was the same as the race of the parents. When the parents were of different races and one parent was white,

the child was assigned to the other

parent’s race, When the parents were

of different races and neither parent

was white, the child was assigned to

the father’s race, with one exception.

If either parent was Hawaiian, the child

was assigned to Hawaiian. If race was

missing for one parent, the child was

assigned the race of the parent for

whom race was reported.

The most important factor influencing the decision to tabulate births

by race of the mother was the recent

revision of the birth certificate, effective

with the 1989 data year. This revision

includes many more health questions

that are directly associated with the

mother (for example, method of

delivery, medical risk factors for this

pregnancy, tobacco and alcohol use

during pregnancy, and maternal weight

gain). Additionally, many of the other

items on the birth certificate for more

than two decades also relate directly to

the mother, for example, her education level and her receipt of prenatal

care. In all these instances, it was

deemed more appropriate to tabulate

births by the mother’s race.

A second factor has been the

increasing incidence of interracial parentage. In 1991, 3.7 percent of births

were to parents of different races, compared with just 1.0 percent in 1968.

The majority of these births were to

white mothers and fathers of another

race. There have been two major consequences of the increasing interracial

parentage. One is the effect on birth

rates by race. Under the pre-1989 procedures, the number of white births

had been arbitrarily limited to infants

whose parents were both white (or one

parent white if only one parent’s race

was reported). At the same time, the

number of births of other races had

been arbitrarily increased to include

all births to white mothers and fathers

of other races. Thus, if race of mother

had been used, birth rates per 1,000

white women in a given age group

would have been higher, and comparable rates for black women and women

of other races would have been lower.

The other consequence of increasing

interracial parentage is its impact on

the racial differential in various characteristics of births, particularly in cases

where there is generally a large racial

disparity, such as the incidence of low

birthweight, In this instance, the racial

differential is smaller when the data

are tabulated by race of child than by

race of mother. The same effect has

been noted for characteristics such as

nonmarital childbearing, preterm

births, late or no prenatal care, and

low educational attainment of mother.

The third factor influencing the

decision to tabr.date births by race of

mother is the growing proportion of

births with race of father not stated,

16 percent in 1991 compared with

7 percent in 1968. This reflects the

increase in the proportion of births to

unmarried women; in many such cases,

no information is reported on the

father. These births were already

assigned the race of the mother because

there was no alternative.

Tabulating all births by race of

mother, therefore, provides for a more

uniform approach, rather than a necessarily arbitrary combination of

parental races. This topic has been

discussed in greater detail in two recent

papers (22,23).

This change in the tabulation of

births by race presents challenges to

those analyzing birth data by race, particularly trend data. The problem is

likely to be acute for races other than

white and black. To facilitate continuity and analysis of the data, all trend

tables show data for both race of

mother and race of child for 1989 and

1990. This makes it possible to distinguish the effects of this change from

real changes in the data. The text in

this report focuses on data tabulated

by race of mother. When the trend in

rates is discussed, the rates are those

tabulated by race of mother. Rates and

other measures tabulated by race of

mother for years prior to 1989 will be

published in a future report.

Population denominators

Birth and fertility rates for 1991

shown in tables 1, 3–5, 12, 24, and 28

are based on populations estimated as

of July 1, 1991. The population estimates have been published by the U.S.

Bureau of the Census (1) and are

based on the 1990 census counts by

race and age. These counts were modified to be consistent with Office of

Management and Budget categories

and historical categories for birth data

and, in the case of age, to reflect age as

of the census reference date. The modification procedures are described in

detaiI in a census report (17).

Birth and fertility rates by month

shown in table 8 are based on monthly

population estimates also based on the

1991 census count. Rates for unmarried women shown in tables 16 and 17

are based on distributions of the population by marital status as of March

1991 (24), published by the U.S. Bureau

of the Census, which have been

adjusted to July 1991 population levels
46 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~

(1) by the Division of Vital Statistics,

NCHS.

Birth and fertility rates for the

Hispanic population, shown in table 24,

are based on estimates of the total

Hispanic population as of July 1, 1991

(l). Detailed population figures are

not avaiIable for individual Hispanic

groups for 1991 from the Bureau of

the Census. Therefore, to produce rates

for the individual Hispanic groups, the

1990 census-based distribution of the

population by detailed Hispanic group

(17) within each age-of-woman category has been applied to the 1991

totals to develop an estimated number

of women in each Hispanic group by

age. It is believed that the basis for this

procedure is valid (i.e., that the distributions of the Hispanic population by

individual group in 1990 and 1991 are

essentially the same). Birth data for

New Hampshire are excluded from the

rates by Hispanic origin because New

Hampshire did not report this information on the birth certificate in 1991.

Computation of rates

In computing birth rates by livebirth order, births with birth order not

stated were distributed in the same

proportion as births of known Iivebirth order within each age-of-mother

classification. This procedure is done

separately by race. A similar process is

foIlowed for computing birth rates by

age of father; births with age of father

not stated are distributed first within

each age-of-mother group.

In computing birth and fertility

rates for the Hispanic population, births

with origin of mother not stated are

included with non-Hispanic births

rather than being distributed. Thus,

rates for the Hispanic population are

underestimates of the true rates to the

extent that the births with origin not

stated (1.0 percent) were actually to

Hispanic mothers. The population with

origin not stated was imputed. The

effect on the rates is believed to be

small.

Births by marital status of

mother

Beginning with 1980 data, national

estimates of births to unmarried women

have been derived from two sources.

In 1991 marital status was reported

directly on the birth certificates of 44

States and the District of Columbia; in

the remaining 6 States (California, Connecticut, Michigan, Nevada, New York,

and Texas), which lack such an item,

marital status is inferred from a comparison of the child’s and parents’ surnames. This procedure represents a

substantial departure from the method

used before 1980 to prepare national

estimates of births to unmarried

women. The previous method assumed

that the incidence of births to unmarried women in States with no direct

question on marital status was the same

as the incidence in reporting States in

the same geographic division.

The current method represents an

attempt to use related information on

the birth certificate to improve the

quality of national data as well as to

provide data for the individual nonreporting States. An evaluation of this

method and its validity for California

(the largest nonreporting State) has

been published (25). Because of the

continued substantial increases in nonmarital childbearing throughout the

1980’s, the data have been intensively

evaluated by the Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS. There has been continuing concern that the current

method might overstate the number of

births to unmarried women because it

incorporates data based on a comparison of surnames. This is because

women who have retained their maiden

surname after marriage and who are

frequently older, well-educated women,

would be classified as unmarried, The

results of this evaluation have been

generaIly similar in both the reporting

States and the States using inferential

data for all races combined. The results

differed for white and black births.

Births to unmarried white women

increased 6 percent in the States providing inferential data but declined

slightly in the States with a marital

status item on the birth certificate.

Conversely, births to unmarried black

women declined sIightly in the States

providing inferential data, but increased

8 percent in the States reporting marital status directly on the birth

certificate.

The 6-percent increase for white

births in the States providing inferential data reflects the difference in proportions of nonmarital births between

Hispanic women (97 percent of whom

are reported as white) and nonHispanic white women. The proportion nonmarital for Hispanic women is

about double the proportion for nonHispanic white women. Hispanic

women account for about half of the

births to white women in California,

the largest State providing inferential

data.

Birthweight

Birthweight is reported in some

areas in pounds and ounces rather

than in grams. However, the metric

system has been used in tabulating and

presenting the statistics to Facilitate

comparison with data published by

other groups. Equivalents of the gram

weights in terms of pounds and ounces

are as follows:

Less than 500 grams = 1 lb 1 oz or less

500-999 grams = 1 lb 202-2 lb 3 oz

1,000-1,499 grams =2 lb 4 OZ-3 Ib 4 oz

1,500-1,999 grams =3 lb 5 OZ-4 lb 6 oz

2,00G2,499 grams=4lb702–5 lb 8 oz

2,500-2,999 grams =5 lb 9 OZ-6 lb 9 oz

3,000-3,499 grams =6 lb 10 OZ–7lb 11 oz

3,500-3,999 grams =7 lb 1202-8 lb 13 oz

4,0004,499 grams =8 lb 14 OZ–9lb 14 oz

4,500-4,999 grams =9 lb 15 OZ–11lb Ooz

5,000 grams or more= 11 lb 1 oz or more

Period of gestation and

birthweight

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes

a new item, “clinical estimate of gestation,” which is being compared with

length of gestation computed from the

date the last normal menstrual period

(LMP) began when the latter appears

to be inconsistent with birthweight. This

is done for normal weight births of

apparently short gestations and very

low birthweight births reported to be

full term. The clinical estimate was

also used if the LMP date was not

reported. The period of gestation for

4.3 percent of the births in 1991 was

based on the clinical estimate of gestation. For 4 percent of these records,
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993 ~47

the cIinical estimate was used because

the LMP date was not reported. For

the remaining 96 percent, the clinical

estimate was used because it was compatible with the reported birthweight,

whereas the LMP–based gestation was

not, In cases where the reported birthweight was inconsistent with both the

LMP-computed gestation and the clinical estimate of gestation, the LMPcomputed gestation was used and birthweight was reclassified as “not stated.”

This was necessa~ for only 566 births

or 0.01 percent of all birth records in

1991. The levels of the adjustments

made for the 1991 data are very similar

to those for the 1990 data.

Computations of percents,

percent distributions, and

medians

Births with unknown live-birth

order, attendant at birth, educational

attainment of mother, nativity of

mother, month of pregnancy prenatal

care began, number of prenatal visits,

birthweight, length of gestation, and 1-

and 5-minute Apgar scores were subtracted from the figures for total births

that were used as denominators before

percents, percent distributions, and

medians were computed. In the case of

birth intervaIs, the percent distributions also exclude the second- or laterborn chiId in a multiple delivery

(interval of O months). Percent distributions and the median number of

prenatal visits also exclude births to

mothers who had no prenatal care.

Computations of the median years of

school completed and the median

number of prenatal visits were based

on ungrouped data. An asterisk is

shown in place of any derived statistic

based on fewer than 20 births in the

numerator or denominator.

Random variation

Although the birth data in this

report for births since 1985 are not

subject to sampIing error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of births involved. When the

number of events is smaIl (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. More information on this topic is

included in the Technical appendix of

the annual report, Wal Statistics of the

United States, 1989, Volume I, Natality.

Related reports

Throughout this report, reference

has been made to the 1989 revision of

the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live

Birth. This report describes birth rates

and characteristics of births that have

been based on data available on previous versions of the birth certificate.

A second supplement to the Monthly

P?tal Statistics Report for 1991 birth

data wiIl be published and wiIl present

summary data on all the new topics

included on the new birth certificate.

Similar reports were published for 1989

(8) and 1990 (9).

The second supplement will

incIude data on method of delivexy,

tobacco and alcohoI use during pregnancy, maternal weight gain, obstetric

procedures, medical risk factors, complications of labor and delivery,

abnormal conditions of the newborn,

and congenital anomalies of the child.

Many of the topics discussed in

this report are covered in more analytic detail in other reports published

by NCHS. Topics of reports pubIished

in the past 5 years include first births

to older mothers (2), low birthweight

(26), birth rates by educational attainment (27), births of Hispanic parentage (28), and twin births (29). Also

avaiIable is a report evaluating inferred

birth statistics for unmarried women in

California (25).

l.Ls.GwunmrtP fhtlngo Hkm 19e3— 34z—swKlm3
48 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 3(S) ● September 9, 1993

This report presents summary tabulations from the final natality statistics for 1991. More

detailed tabulations for 1991 will be published in V7M1Statistics of the United States, Volume I–

Natality, Prior to the publication of that volume, the National Center for Health Statistics will

respond to requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

t I

Suggested citation Copyright information National Center for Health Statistics

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance This report may be reprinted without further Director

report of final natality statistics, 1991. Monthly permission. Manning Feinleib, M.D., Dr. P.H.

vital statistics report; VOI42 no 3, suppl.

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. Deputy Director

1993. Jack R. Anderson
Vol. 43, No. ,5, Supplement. October 25, 1994

Monthly Vital i- ■ ■

StatisticsReport

FinalDataFrom the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROLAND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1992

by Stephanie J. Ventura, A. M.; Joyce A. Martin, M. P.H.; Selma M. Taffel;

T.J. Mathews, M.S.; and Sally C. Clarke, Division of Viial Statistics

Contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Medical serwces utilization.. 15

introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...3 Prenatal care . . . . . . . . . ..l5

Demographic characteristics. . . 3 Obstetric procedures . . . . . 16

Birth and birth rates. . . . . . . 3 Complications of labor

Ageofmother . . . . . . . ...4 and/or delivery . . . . . . . . . 17

Live-birth order . . . . . . . . . 6 Attendant at birth and

Births byrace . . . . . . . ...6 place of delivety . . . . . . . . 17

Hispanic origin . . . . . . . . . 7 Method of delivery . . . . . . . 18

Total fertility rate . . . . . . . . 7 Infant health

Births by State . . . . . . . . ...8 characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Sexratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...8 Gestation . . . . . . . . . . . . ...20

Month of birth . . . . . . . . . ...8 Weight at birth . . . . . . . . ..2O

Dayofweek of birth . . . ...8 Interval since last

Births to unmarried Iive birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Apgar score . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Age of father . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Abnormal conditions

Educational a~ainment. . . 10 of the newborn . . . . . . . . . 23

Maternal life-style and health Congenital anomalies . . . . 23

characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Multiple births . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Maternal weight gain . . . . . 11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . ...24

Medical risk factors . . . . . . 12 List oftables . . . . . . . . . . . ...28

Tobacco use . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Guide totables . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Alcohol use . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Highlights

Births in the United States declined

for the second consecutive year in 1992,

to 4,065,014. The most recent high point

was the 1990 total, 4,158,212, which was

the largest number reported since 1962.

The 1992 birth rate was 15.9 live births

per 1,000 population, and the fertility rate

was 68.9 live births per 1,000 women

aged 15-44 yew, these measures were

3-5 percent below the 1990 rates. Provisional data indicate that these measures

of fertility continued to decline in 1993.

The birth rate for teenagers 15–17

years may have reached a turning point in

1992, with the rate declining 2 percent,

following a 27-percent increase reported

during 1986-91. Nevertheless, the 1992

rates for this age group were still almost

as high as the rates reported nearly two

decades ago. It appears that the teenage

pregnancy rate may have fallen in 1992,

based on recently reported declines in the

teenage abortion rate combined with the

declines in birth rates.

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared under the general direction of Robert L. Heuser, Chief of the NataMy, Marriage, and Divorce Statistics Branch. Donna L. Wright

assisted with table production and techrdcal support. Thomas D. Dunn of the Statistical Resources Branch provided statistical tables and content review.

Linda Pardoe, Vrrginia Brainard, Gail Parr, Linda Elia$ Manjrr Sharma, Heidi Brotherton, and Jordan Sacks of the Systems and Programming Branch

provided computer programming support. Patricia W. Day, David W. Justice, and Arm F. Scarktt of the Technical Services Branch carried out quality

evaluation and acceptance procedures for the State data files on which this report is based. Staff of the Registration Methcds Branch consulted with State

vital statistics offices regarding the collection of the birth certificate data. This report was edited by Arlett R. Brown and typesd by Jaquelirre M. Davis of

the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

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National

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Center for

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2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) . October 25, 1994 -

The substantial increases in birth

rates for women in their thirties measured

since the mid- to late 1970’s appear to

have stopped. These rates have stabilized in

1991 and 1992. Still a record number of

babies were born to women aged 30-34

yew nearly 900,000.Birthsto women aged

35-44 also were at record levels.

Birth rates for women in their twenties, the peak childbearing years, declined

by 1 percent. These rates had fallen in the

early 1980’s and then increased, but the

net effect was little change in rates from

1980 to 1992. The number of births to

these women in 1992 was 3 percent

below the 1991 total.

Wide disparities were reported in

birth rates for racial and Hispanic subgroups. Generally, rates were highest for

Hispanic (especially Mexican) and black

women, followed by American Indian,

Asian, and white women. The variations

by age within each group were also substantial. Rates declined or changed little

for most racial and Hispanic groups.

Births to unmarried mothers hit

reeord levels again in 1992, but the

increase from 1991 was the smallest

since 1983. The 1992 total number was

1,224,876, and the birth rate was 45.2 per

1,000 unmarried women aged 15-44

years, unchanged from 1991. Thirty pereent of U.S. births were to unmarried

women, including 23 percent of white

births and 68 percent of black births. The

lowest proportions were among Asian

women, 15 percent as a group. Among

Hispanic women, the proportion was

39 percent.

More than 40 percent of women

giving birth in 1992 had at least some

college education and 19 percent were

college graduates. There were wide variations in educationrd attainment for racial

and Hispanic subgroups, with the proportions completing high school ranging

from 46 percent of Hispanic women to

98 percent of Japanese women.

Weight gain during pregnancy provides important insights into the nutrition

of pregnant women and is directly associated with infant birthweight, Median

weight gain was 2.1 poimds higher for

white than for black mothers, and very

low weight gains of less than 16 pounds

were nearly twice as frequent for black as

for white mothers (15.8 percent compared

with 8.3 percent). Among other racial

groups, Chinese mothers were least likely

to have a weight gain of less than 16

pounds (7.0 percent) and American

Indian mothers were most likely

(14.0 percent). Mothers in their late twenties and early thirties were at smallest risk

of a very low weight gain, and mothers

aged 40-49 were at highest risk.

Data on medical risk factors show

that, of all racial and Hispanic-origin

groups, American Indian mothers had the

highest reported rates for anemia, diabetes, pregnancy-associated hypertension, and uterine bleeding; all of which

complicate pregnancy and compromise

pregnancy outcome. The rates for Chinese mothers were among the lowest for

these factors, except for diabetes, for

which their rate was comparable to the

level for American Indians.

Cigarette smoking by pregnant

women declined in 1992 for the third

consecutive year, to 16.9 percent (l-3);

17.9 percent of white mothers and

13.8 percent of black mothers smoked

during pregnancy. Asian and Hispanic

women generally have much lower

smoking rates, an average of 5-6 percent.

The strong association between maternal

cigarette smoking and reduced infant

birthweight persists. In 1992, 11.5 percent of babies born to smokers weighed

less than 2,500 grams at birth compared

with 6.3 percent of births to nonsmokers.

An estimated 40,000 fewer infants would

have been born with low birthweight if

their mothers did not smoke.

The proportion of mothers beginning

prenatal care in the critical first trimester

rose for the first time in more than a

decade, to 78 percent in 1992. This is the

highest level ever reported. The proportion whose care was delayed until the

third trimester or who had no care at all

fell to 5 percent.

Electronic fetal monitoring was used

on more than 3,000,000 births, or 77 percent of the total in 1992, the third consecutive year of increase in this

procedure, from 68 percent in 1989,

Ultrasound was the second most commonly reported obstetric procedure, at

58 percent.

The proportion of births delivered by

physicians in hospitals declined again in

1992 as it has since 1975, to 94.2 percens

while midwife-attended deliveries in hospitals rose to 4.4 percent of all births.

The national cesarean rate declined

again in 1992, to 22.3 percent of all births

compared with 22.8 percent in 1989. In

1992 the hi&est rates were for women

aged 35–39 years having their first child

and women in their forties having their

first or second child. Teenagers were least

likely to have a cesarean delivery.

The frequency of vaginal birth after a

previous cesarean delivery continued to

increase, to 22.6 pereent of births to

mothers with a previous eesarean, 20 percent higher than the rate of 18.9 percent

in 1989. Forceps deliveries continued to

decline in 1992 (4.3 percent of births),

while vacuum extraction continued to

increase (4.8 percent of births).

The steady decline in the average

number of births on Saturdays and Sundays compared with the daily average

continued in 1992, with the Sunday

deficit increasing to 21 percent and the

Saturday defici~ to 15 percent. The

weekend deficit is far greater for cesarean

births, particularly repeat cesareans, than

for vaginal births. The growing deficit of

both vaginal and cesarean deliveries on

weekends is associated with the increased

use of induction of labor on weekdays.

There were 11 percent more births on

Tuesdays, the peak day of occurrence,

than the daily average.

The proportion of babies bctm preterrn (less than 37 completed weeks of

gestation) declined slightly to 10.7 percent in 1992. All of the improvement

occurred among black births, with the

preterm rate declining from 18.9 to

18.4 percent, while the proportion for

white births remained at 9.1 percent. The

preterm level for black births was the

lowest since 198% between 1987 and

1991, this proportion had increased from

18.4 to 18.9 percent.

The incidence of low birthweight

(less than 2,500 grams) remained at

7.1 percent in 1992, the highest level

reported since 1978. There has been no

improvement in this important predictor

of infant survival. Black babies continue

to be at twice the risk of low birthweight

as white babies, 13.3 percent compared

with 5.8 percent, although there was a

small decline in the low birthweight rate

for black infants (from 13.6 percent).
The rate of occurrence of Down’s

syndrome per 100,000 live births was

twice as high for women aged 3&34

years as for teenagers, 56.0 compared

with 28.9, and 12 times as high for

women aged 40-49 years, 343.0. Congenital anomaly rates for live births were

higher for black than for white births for

only 4 of the 20 anomalies identified on

birth certificates. The racial differential is

particularly noticeable for polydactyly/syndactyly/adactyly (ex@ malformd or missing fingers or toes), for which the rate

for black births was nearly four times the

rate for white births, 217.3 compared

with 58.8.

The number of plural births, especially triplets and higher-order plural

births, increased in 1992, more than in

any previous year. Most of the increase

was among mothers aged 30 years and

over and among white mothers.

Introduction births present data tabulated by race of

This report, the annual release of

mother for all years beginning with 1980.

national birth statistics, has been entirely Details of the tabulation of birth data by

race are described in the “Technical redesigned for the 1992 data year. In the notes,,

previous 3 years, birth statistics were “

published in two separate reports+me

focusing on demographic characteristics Demographic characteristics

and some limited maternal and infant

health data and the other on the new ~itih~ and ~tih ~tes

maternal and infant health data items

from the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. For 1992

these two reports have been fully integrated into one publication. Detailed data

are shown in this report for American

Indian, Asian or Pacific Islander, and

Hispanic women, including births and

birth rates, as well as the various

maternal and infant health measures. In

addition, all tables showing trends in

births, birth rates, and characteristic of

There were 4,065,014 babies born in

the United States in 1992, 1 percent

fewer than in 1991 (4,110,907). It was the

second consecutive year of decline, also

1 percent between 1990 and 1991. During

the latter half of the 1980’s, U.S. births

had increased by 11 percent, following a

period from 1980 to 1985, during which

the amual number of births varied by

2 percent or less (table 1 and figure 1).

Provisional data for 1993 indicate that the

200

- 180

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i930 1940 1950 1980 1970 1980 1990

NOIE Beginning with 195s, trend lines are based on registered live birth.%trend Iinee for 1930-59 are based on live births adjusted for Imderregistration.

Figure 1. Live births rind fertility rates: United States, 1930-92
number of births declined again, by about

1 percent.

The birth rate for 1992 was 15.9 live

births per 1,000 total population, 2 percent lower than in 1991 (16.3) and 5 percent below the 1990 rate (16.7). The 1992

rate was lower than in any year since

1987; provisional data for 1993 suggest

an additional decline of about 1 percent

in the birth rate.

In 1992 the fertility rate was 68.9

live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44

years, a l-percent decline from the rate

for 1991 (69.6) and 3 percent lower than

the highest reported since 1972, following a steady period of increase

amounting to 8 percent between 1986 and

1990. Provisional reports indicate that the

fertility rate continued to fall in 1993, by

about 1 percent.

Age o~rnother-Birth rates by age of

mother declined 1-2 percent for teenagers 15–17 years and for women in age

groups 20-24 and 25–29 years; rates for

women in age groups 30-44 years

increased 1-7 percent. Rates for young

teenagers 10-14 years and women aged

18-19 and 4549 years were virtually

and live-birth order are shown in tables

2-5.)

M& a period of consistent annual

increases in birth rates for teenagers 15-17

years from 1986 to 1991, amounting to

27 percent ove~ it appearsthat 1992 may

mark a turning point (table4 and figure 2).

The birth rate for teenagem 15-17 years

declined 2 percen4 to 37.8 per 1,000. This

rate ranged between 31 and 34 per 1,000

during 197685, following a 12-per- cent

decline from 1970 to 1976. ‘Ihe 1992 birth

rate of 37.8, although lower than in 1991,

was still higher than in any other year since

in 1990 (70.9). The 1990 rate had been unchanged. (Numbers and ratea by age 1973 (38.5).

c.-

400 400

300 — — 300

Z*.

. ..*.

●.*

200 .

●..

. 200

- -% lo”””%...mmmeme *&24yeam

— 2!5-29yeam~ <___

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b+“+

.--.-. \ \“”*... .**9 =% m

100 T

-

- --”G”=&””a+- =-m-~m~.mmmti..

100

I

‘+. 18-19 years

80 \ m-.~’ -- *---- m U* 80

I

----

60 H- 60

‘--~. +g*- --row _____ /~-

b 15-19 yeare

40 \

40 ●**9m. m*mm9.. .m.. ●=”●=9.,

‘“=+“%1 15-17 years

●**. ●. . . .

J 1A~

......==9...... . . . . . . . . ...-.+

●*--- I

‘\

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/4-

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-~0

‘w

35-39 years /*-

20 :?0

--——- -

10 -10

8

I

8

I

6

6

40-44 years

4

4

3- 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I :3

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

Figure 2. Birth rates by age of mother: United Sates, 1960-92
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) . October 25, 1994 ~5

The 2-percent drop from 1991 to

1992 in the birth rate for teenagers 15–17

years was enough to produce a small

decline in the number of births for this

age group (187,549 in 1992); the decline

in the number of births would have been

larger had there not been a 2-percent

increase in the number of teenagers

between 1991 and 1992, reversing a

5-year period of decline in this population (4,5).

The birth rate for older teenagers

increased less than 1 percent, to 94.5 per

1,000 in 1992. The rate for these young

women had also risen sharply between

1986 and 1991, by 19 percen~ between

1990 and 1991 alone, the rate increased

7 percent. After falling rapidly by 30 percent between 1970 and 1976, the rate for

older teenagers had been fairly stable

until the late 1980’s, ranging from 77 to

82 per 1,000. The rate for 1992, as for

1991, was higher than in any year since

1972, when it was 96.9 (table 4).

Although the birth rate for women

aged 18-19 rose slightly in 1992, the

number of births to these women fell by

4 percent, to 317,866 in 1992. This

reflected the 4-percent decline in the

number of women in this age group;

these women were born in 1973-74,

when total births in the United States fell

to historic low levels.

Birth rates for women in their twenties, the principal childbearing ages,

declined by 1 percent in 1992. Rates for

these women had declined 4-7 percent

from 1980 to 1984 and then had risen by

8 percent between 1986 and 1991,

resulting in little net change over the

decade (table 4 and figure 2). The relative

stability in the birth rates for these

women is the main factor accounting for

the small changes in the general fertility

rate since 1980.

Women in their thirties have shown

the longest-lasting and most persistent

increase in birth rates. However, rates for

women 30-34 years rose by just 1 percent in 1992, following a 2-percent

decline in 1991. It appears that 1991

marked a turning point, halting the previous considerable annual increases in

birth rates since the mid-1970’s: The rate

for women aged 30-34 years rose

31 percent between 1980 and 1990 and

54 percent from 1975 to 1990 (80.8), but

then declined to 80.2 in 1992. Even the

modest l-percent increase between 1991

and 1992 was enough to produce a

l-percent increase in the number of births

in 1992 to 895,271, the highest number

ever recorded. The 1992 total was more

than double the number reported in 1973

(369,976), when the trend to making up

for previously delayed childbearing was

just underway (6).

The birth rate for women aged 35–39

years increased 2 percent in 1992, to 32.5

per 1,000; the rate had increased just

1 percent in the previous year. The

3-percent overall rise from 1990 to 1992

follows a 60-percent increase over the

period 1980-90, the sharpest rate of

increase observed for any age group. The

3-percent increase in the number of

women in this age group between 1991

and 1992 combined with the 2-percent

rise in the birth rate produced a 4-percent

increase in the number of births to these

women in 1992, to 344,644, the highest

annual total since 1961.

Birth rates for women in their forties,

although much lower than for any other

group (except teenagers under 15 years),

have also risen substantially since 1980,

by 50-51 percent. The rate for women

aged 4044 years was 5.9 in 1992,

7 percent higher than in 1991 (5.5).

Reflecting mainly this increase as well as

a slight increase in the number of women

in this age group, the number of births to

women aged 40-44 years rose 7 percent,

to 55,702, the highest number since 1968.

The leveling off of the sharp rate of

increase in teenage childbearing during

the 1980’s may reflect a similar leveling

off since 1988 in the propation of teenagers who are sexually active, especially

among the younger teenagers (7). In addition, other suwey data suggest that

sexually-active teenagers are more likely

to be using some contraception regularly

(8).

According to recently published

data, it appears that abortions among

teenagers have also declined in recent

years (9). Thus the decline in teenage

birth rates in 1992 would indicate that the

teenage pregnancy rate has declined as

well, following increases from the midto late 1980’s (10).

Another factor that has been linked

to the rise in the teenage birth rate has

been the growing proportion of white

teenage births that are to Hispanic

teenagers, 31 percent in 1992 (basic data

in tables 2, 6, and 7). Hispanic women

have much higher fertility than white

non-Hispanic women at all ages, but particularly in the teenage years. For

example, the rate for Hispanic teenagers

15–19 years was 107.1, and for white

non-Hispanic teenagers it was 41.7.

Although the birth rate for Hispanic teenagers had risen in recent years, just as it

had for non-Hispanic teenagers, in 1992

the rate for Hispanic teenagers rose less

than 1 percent, and for white nonHispanic teenagers the rate declined

2 percent. The net effect of these modest

changes was a decline in the teenage birth

rate.

Since 1986, trends in the numbers of

Hispanic and white non-Hispanic teenaged women have diverged. During this

period the number of Hispanic teenagers

15–19 years rose 13 percent, while the

number of white non-Hispanic teenagers

fell 15 percent (4,5). These diverging,

trends have contributed to the rising proportion of the white teenage population

that is Hispanic, from 11 percent in 1986

to 14 percent in 1992 (4,5). Because the

birth rates for white teenagers are

increasingly affected by the much higher

birth rates for Hispanic than for nonHispanic women, these population patterns will likely keep the number of bkths

to U.S. teenagers at a high level.

Since 1988, teenagers have accounted for 13 percent of all births in

each year. This proportion held steady in

1992 as a result of a combination of

factors. Although birth rates for teenagers

as well as for women in their twenties

declined, these declines were only partially offset by small increases in rates for

women aged 30 years and older. In addition, the teenage population that had been

declining has begun to increase slightly

for ages 15-17 years, while the number

of women in their twenties has declined.

The major increase in population among

women of childbearing age is for those

aged 35-49 years, which increased by up

to 9 percent between 1991 and 1992, due

to the continued aging of women in the

“baby boom” generation (4,5).

The recent trends in childbearing at

older ages reflect the patterns of childlessness among American women. About

1 in 5 women who were aged 35 years at

the end of 1992 were childless, This
proportion has changed little during the

early 1990’s but has risen sharply fkom

levels observed in the mid-1970’s; the

proportion was about 1 in 9 in 1975.

Despite the high current levels of childlessness among women in their thirties,

the majority of those who are currently

married indicate in surveys that they

expect to have at least one child (11).

This would indicate that birth rates for all

women in their thirties would continue to

rise, albeit slowly. However, a factor

which may be limiting the realization of

the expectations of these women is the

extent of fertility impairment. According

to data from the National Survey of

Family Growth (NSFG), one-third of

childless wives aged 3544 were reported

to have impaired fertility in 1988 (12).

Women who are making up for previously postponed childbearing are disproportionately well-educated. (See also

later section on educational attainment.)

In 1992, 49 percent of women aged

30-49 years having their first child were

college graduates, twice the proportion in

the general population, which was 24 percent for women in this age group in 1992

(13).

It appears that as the smaller numbers of women under 25 years of age

replace the much larger numbers of

women aged 2544 years, the total

number of births will decline, unless birth

rates for women in their twenties, the

principal childbearing ages, increase considerably. This seems unlikely, however,

because rates for women in their hventies

have declined 2 percent since 1990, following a decade of relatively little net

change. Moreover, the coming shifts in

the numbers of women in each of the

childbearing age groups are also likely to

exert a downward pressure on the total

number of births. The largest numbers of

women are aged 3044 years. Aa these

women get older, their risk of giving

birth-as measured by the birth

rate-declines very sharply. In contrast,

although women aged 20-29 have the

highest birth rates, the number of women

in their twenties will continue to decline

over the next few years.

Live-birth order—Birth rates declined by 2 percent or less for firstthrough fourth-order births, while the

rates for fifth-, sixth-seventh-, and eighthand higher-order births were unchanged

(tables 3 and 5). Between 1990 and 1992,

rates for first-, second-, and fourth-order

births declined 3-4 percent, reversing a

pattern of increase from 1987 to 1990.

While the first-birth rate declined

2 percent overall, the declines were

largest for women in age groups 15–24

years. The 3-percent drop in the first-birth

rate for teenagers marks a reversal of the

sharp upward trend in this rate from 1986

to 1991, when the rate rose 20 percent.

The previous upward trend halted for

both younger and older teenagers; the

first-birth rate for teenagers 15-17

declined 3 percent following a 24-percent

increase, while the rate for teenagers

18-19 years dropped 1 percent after a

14-percent increase. In the case of teenagers, the decline in the first-birth rate is

particularly important, because it indicates that the proportion of teenagers who

became mothers for the first time has

declined.

First-birth rates for women in their

thirties rose 1 percent in 1992. These

rates had changed little in 1991 as well.

Between 1986 and 1990, however, these

rates had increased 2043 percent. The

slowdown in these rates is an important

indication that the trend to making up for

previously postponed childbearing has

leveled off.

Second-order birth rates changed

little, except for a 2-percent rise for

women aged 18-19 and for women in

their thirties. Changes in other rates specific for age and live-birth order were

generally small for women aged 15-34

years.

Births by race—Beginning with this

report, birth data compiled by the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS) for 1980-88 have been retabulated by race of mother as reported

directly on the birth certificate. This is to

be consistent with data by race already

available for the years since 1989 when

NCHS first began to tabulate births by

race of mother. Before 1989, birth tabulations had been by race of child, as

determined by an algorithm based on

information reported for the mother and

the father. Details of current and former

procedures for tabulating births by race

are described in the “Technical notes. ”

In this report, discussion and analysis

of changes in rates and various other

measures are based on rates and measures

computed by race of mother. Text references to white births and white mothers

or black births and black mothers, for

example, are used interchangeably for

ease in writing. Births and detailed birth

rates by age of mother and live-birth

order are presented for American Indian

(including Aleut and Eskimo) and Asian

or Pacific Islander women for the first

time in this report (tables 2-4 and 8). The

subgroups comprising the Asian or

Pacific Islander category include Chinese,

Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and

“Other” Asian persons. Trends in the

numbers of births and birth and fertility

rates for American Indian and Asian

women for 1980-92 are shown in table 1.

The fertility rate for white women

was 66.5 live births per 1,000 women

aged 1544 years, 1 percent lower than in

1991 and 3 percent below the 1990 rate

of 68.3 (table 1). The rate for black

women was 83.2 in 1992, 2 percent lower

than in 1991 and 4 percent below the

1990 rate of 86.8. The rate for American

Indian women increased by less than

1 percent, to 75.4. The fertility rate for

Asian or Pacific Islander women declined

1 percent, to 67.2. Although fertility rates

for white and black women in 1992 were

very similar to the rates in 1980, this was

not the case for American Indian and

Asian women whose rates were 8-9 percent lower in 1992 than in 1980.

Although fertility rates for American

Indian and f%ian women have declined

since 1980, there have been large

increases in the numbers of births to these

women, 34 percent and 102 percent,

respectively. These disparate trends

reflect the impact of the very large

increases in the number of persons

reported in these racial groups,

51–124 percent between 1980 and 1992

(4,5). Births to American Indian and

Asian mothers, as well as births to Hispanic mothers, tend to be highly concentrated geographically (tables 8 and 9), For

example, more than half the births to

American Indian mothers were to residents of five States: Alaska, Arizona,

California, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

Similarly, residents of California, Hawaii,

and New York accounted for 57 percent

of all Asian or Pacific Islander births.

The l-percent decline in the fertility

rate for white women reflects mainly a

l-percent decIine in the rate for white
~ Monthly Vttal Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~7

married wome~ the rate for white

unmarried women increased 2 percent.

The 2-percent reduction in the fertility

rate for black women reflects declines of

1 percent in rates for married and 3 percent for unmarried women.

Birth rates by race for women under

25 years of age differ substantially.

Among teenagers, the rate was highest

for black 112.4 per 1,000 aged 15-19

years, followed by American Indian,

84.4; white, 51.8; and Asian or Pacific

Islander teenagers, 26.6 (table 4). The

disparity is greatest for teenagers 15–17

years, for whom the highest rate, 81.3

(black), was more than five times the

lowest rate, 15.2 (Asian). Teenage birth

rates for all racial groups show a “very

similar trend, however, in that rates

increased considerably beginning in the

rnid-1980’s, after declines in the earlier

part of the decade. The impact of these

variations in teenage birth rates is

reflected in the proportions of all births in

each racial group that are to teenage

mothers (table 10).

The “rates for women aged 20-24

years were highest for black and

American Indian women, followed by

white and Asian women. Rates by race

are most similar at ages 25-29 years,

ranging from 109 to 121 per 1,000.

Rates for women in their thirties

show a reversal of the teenage pattern.

The rate for Asian women aged 30-34

was highest, at 103.0, 27 percent above

the rate for white women (81.4) and

53-63 percent above the rates for black

and American Indian women (67.5 and

63.0, respectively). This pattern continued for women aged 35 years and

older, with rates for Asian women at least

57 percent higher than rates for any other

racial group. The tendency to make up

for previously postponed childbearing is

very evident among white women aged

30 years and older and Asian women

35-44 years. The disparities in birth rates

by age for Asian or Pacific Islander subgroups have been reported elsewhere

(14).

First-birth rates by race, although

similar for all ages combine& differ

sharply by age. Among teenagers, rates

are highest for black and American

Indian, followed by white teenagers. The

first-birth rates for Asian teenagers are

very low, one-third to one-half the rates

for other racial groups. At ages 30 and

older, the patterns shift completely. For

example, the first-birth rate for Asian

women aged 30-34 years, 36.0, was

64 percent higher than the rate for white

women and more than four times the rate

for American Indian women. The disparities in birth rates by age and birth order

are again reflected in the widely varying

proportions of teenage births and fourthand higher-order births (table 10). These

demographic measures provide important

information on fertility patterns for Asian

or Pacific Islander subgroups for whom

birth rates can be computed only in

census years.

Between 1991 and 1992, only the

first-birth rate declined for white women,

by 2 percent. Rates for all other orders

were unchanged. For black women, however, the declines in rates by birth order

extended from first- through fourth-order

births (3 percent).

Hispanic origin-The fertility of

Hispanic women, particularly Mexican

women, continues to be the highest of

any racial or ethnic group for whom rates

can be reliably computed. In 1992 the

Hispanic fertility rate was 108.6 per

1,000 women aged 15-44 years, 69 percent higher than the rate for non-Hispanic

women as a group (tables 7 and 11).

Rates by race for non-Hisprmic women

were 60.2 for white women and 85.5 for

black women. These levels are very

similar to those reported for 1991; the

rates for Hispanic and white nonHispanic women increased by less than

1 percent, while the rate for black nonHispanic women declined 1 percent. The

levels and trends in rates for Hispanic

subgroups varied widely. The rate for

Mexican women, 116.0, was 5 percent

lower than in 1991. The rate for Puerto

Rican women increased 11 percen~ to

89.9, while the rate for “Other” Hispanic

women rose 8 percent, to 107.0. The rate

for Cuban women increased from 49.1 to

50.3.

The Hispanic population is characterized by substantial geographic concentration as noted above. In 1992,

61 percent of Hispanic births were to

California or Texas residents (table 9).

Another 25 percent of Hispanic-origin

births were to residents of Arizona,

Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, New

Mexico, and New York. Moreover,

Hispanic mothers accounted for at least

30 percent of the births in four States:

Arizona, California, New Mexico, and

Texas.

Birth rates for Hispanic women were

higher at each age than rates for nonHispanic women. This pattern is also

observed for Puerto Rican and “Other”

Hispanic mothem under 25 years of age

and for “Other” Hispanic women aged

25 and older. Rates for Cuban women

under 30 years of age were well below

those for other Hispanic or non-Hispanic

groups at ages 30 years and older, the

rates are more comparable. The generally

elevated age-birth order-specific birth

rates for Hispanic women at all ages is

the major factor behind the high proportions of births to teenage mothers (except

Cubans) and the high proportions of

births of fourth and higher order

(table 11).

Birth rates for Hispanic women

increased 1–2 percent in age groups

15-19 years through 40-44 years

between 1991 and 1992. Age-specific

rates generally increased for Puerto

Rican, Cuban, and “Other” Hispanic

women by at least 4 percent, while rates

for Mexican women declined by 1–7 percent. Rates for non-Hispanic women by

race generally declined for women under

25 years of age by up to 3 percen~ while

most rates for women aged 30-44 years

rose 3-8 percent. The rates for women

aged 25-29 years changed 1 percent or

less.

Tofalfertilily rate—The total fertility

rate indicates the number of births that

1,000 women would have if they experienced during their childbearing years the

age-specific birth rates observed in a

given crdendar year. It is a hypothetical

measure that shows the potential impact

of current fertility levels on completed

family size. The totaI fertility rate is age

adjusted because it is computed from

age-specific birth rates; it assumes the

same number of women in each age

group.

The total fertility rate in 1992 was

2,065.0, less than 1 percent below the

rate for 1991 (2,073.0). The rate has now

declined for 2 years, following 4 consecutive years of increase amounting to

13 percent (table 4). The continued

decline in the rate from 1990 to 1992

reflects the 1-2 percent reductions in
8~ Monthly Vital statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

rates for women aged 2t3-34 years, which

were only partially offset by increases in

rates for younger and older women. The

rate of 2,065 is still about 2 percent

below the “replacement” Ievel rate

(2,100), which is the level considered

necessary for a given generation to

exactly replace itself in the population

over the long run. The U.S. total fertility

rate has been below replacement level for

more than two decades.

Total fertility rates for white and

Asian women were very similar, at

1,993.5 and 1,942.0, respectively. The

rate was highest for black women, at

2,442.0, followed by the rate for

American Indian women, 2,190.0

(table 4).

Between 1980 and 1992, the total

fertility rates for white and black women

each increased by 12 percent. The rate for

American Indian women rose by 1 percent, while the rate for Asian wornen

declined by 1 percent.

Hispanic women as a group had the

highest total fertility rate of any racial or

ethnic group for whom the rate can be

compute~ the rate in 1992 was 3,043.0

(table 11). There was wide variation in

this measure for the Hispanic subgroups,

ranging from 1,485.5 (Cuban) to 3,196.5

(Mexican). These levels and variations

were observed in 1990-91 as well

(14,15).

Births by State

The number of births declined in 37

States and the District of Columbia and

increased in 13 States in 1992. (See

tables 8 and 9 for 1992 data.) Numbers

declined by up to 2 percent in 30 States.

The number declined by &7 percent in

Delaware, Maine, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.

The birth rate per 1,000 total population declined in 46 States and the District

of Columbia. Changes in the other four

States were 1 percent or less. The rate

declined by 4-7 percent in Delaware, the

District of C!olumbi~ Maine, Michigan,

Missouri, South Carolina, and Vermont.

.The fertility rate per 1,000 women

aged 15-44 years also declined in most

States. Declines were reported in 39

States and the District of Columbia. Rates

increased in nine States, but most

increases were 1 percent or less. Rates

were unchanged in two States. Declines

of 4-5 percent were reported for Delaware, Maine, Michigan, and the District

of Columbia.

The numbers of births by race of

mother and by Hispanic origin of mother

for each State are shown in tables 8 and

9. It is apparent from these tables that

births to American Indian, Asian, and

Hispanic mothers are concentrated in

relatively few States+

Sex ratio

The sex ratio is the number of male

babies born per 1,000 female babies. This

ratio was 1,050 in 1992 (table 10), a

number around which it has fluctuated

only slightly in the last 50 years. For

specified racial ‘categories, the sex ratio

was highest for Asian or Pacific Islander

mothers (1,065), intermediate for white

(1,053) and black (1,036) mothers, and

lowest for American Indian mothers

(1,034). There were large disparities in

the sex ratio for Asian subgroups, ranging

from 1,049 for Japanese mothers to 1,083

for Filipino mothers. The sex ratio was

generrdly higher for non-Hispanic (1,052)

than for Hispanic women (1,041), but this

was not always the case when detailed

Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups were

compared (table 11). The ratio for nonHispanic white mothers (1,056) was

higher than most Hispanic categories but

lower than the ratios for Puerto Rican

(1,057) and Cuban (1,079) mothers. The

ratio for non-Hispanic black mothers

(1,036) was lower than all Hispanic categories except mothers of “Other” or

unknown Hispanic origin (1,030).

Month of birth

In 11 of the 12 months of 1992,

monthly birth and fertility rates were

below the rates observed in 1991; only in

June were the rates slightly higher. Continuing a pattern observed for many

years, the peak months of occurrence of

births in 1992 were July, August, and

September (table 12). When the seasonal

component is removed from the monthly

birth and fertility rates, the underlying

trends can be observed. Like the 2 previous years, seasonally-adjusted birth and

fertility rates for the first half of 1992

were, on average, higher than the rates

for the seeond half of the year.

Provisional data for 1993 suggest a continuation of this pattern. AU months

except June had the lowest seasonallyadjusted birth rates in at least 3 years,

while August, September, and November

showed the lowest rates since 1988.

Day of week of birth

Since 1980, the day of the week on

which births occur has been tracked from

entries on birth certificates. The daily

pattern of births is measured by an index

of occurrence. The index is defined as the

ratio of the average number of births for a

particular day of the week to the average

daily number of births for the year, multiplied by 100. Thus, for the year 1992,

the Sunday index of 78.8 (table 13) was

obtained by relating the average number

of births on Sundays (8,754) to the

average daily number of births for the

year (11,107) and multiplying by 100.

The Sunday index of 78.8 is an indication

that there were 21.2 percent fewer births

on Sundays than the daily average.

From 1980 to 1991 there was a

steady decline in births on Saturdays and

Sundays. Between 1991 and 1992 this

trend continued—the Sunday index

declined from 79.7 to 78.8 and the Saturday index, from 85.3 to 84.8. In 1992,

as in the past, Tuesday was the peak day

of occurrence of births. The Tbsday

index of 111.0 signifies that the average

number of births on this day of the week

was 11 percent higher than the daily

average. These patterns are similar for

white and black births, but the weekend

deficit and concentration of births on

weekdays are not as pronounced for

black births (table 13).

The weekend deficit for cesarerm

deliveries, particularly repeat cesareans,

is far more pronounced than for vaginal

births. Although the Sunday dleficit for

vaginal births was 15 percent, the deficit

for primary cesareans was 31 percent and

for repeat cessreans, 60 percent. The Saturday deficit is similarly far higher for

primary and repeat cesarerm deliveries;

for primary cesareans the deficit was

20 percent and for repeat cesareans,

54 pereen~ compared with 10 percent for

vaginal births.

The growing deficit of vaginal births

on weekends is associated with the

increasing proportion that are induced
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S). Octobsr 25, 1994 ~9

(from 9.1 percent in 1989 to 11.7 percent

in 1992). This is because induction of

labor is less likely on weekends than on

weekdays. In 1992, 6 percent of vaginal

births delivered on Sundays and 9 percent

of those delivered on Saturdays were

induced compared with 13 to 14 percent

on Tuesdays through Fridays.

Part of the growing weekend deficit

of births by cesarean delivery can also be

explained by the rising trend in induction

of labor. In 1992 a failed induction of

labor preceded 14.3 percent of primary

cesarean births, 13 pereent higher than in

1989 (12.6 percent), Induction of labor

preceding a primary cesarean is also less

likely on weekends than on weekdays,

similar to the daily pattern in induction

found for vaginal births. Of the births by

primary cesarean that occurred on Tuesdays through Fridays, labor was induced

for approximately 15 to 16 percent compared with 10 percent on Sundays and

14 percent on Saturdays.

Births to unmarried women

In 1992, for the first time in 8 years,

the rate of childbearing among unmarried

women did not increase over the previous

year (tables 14 and 15). The 1992 rate

was 45.2 live births per 1,(NOunmarried

women aged 1544 years. During the

period 1984-91 this rate had increased

46 percent, or about 7 pereent per year.

Continuing a pattern that has been

observed for several years, childbearing

by unmarried women increased for white

women, while declining or remaining

unchanged for black women. The nonmarital birth rate for white women was

35.2 per 1,000, 2 percent higher than in

1991 (34.6). This rate has nearly doubled

since 1980 (18.1).

The rate for unmarried black women

was 86.5 per 1,000, 3 percent lower than

in 1991 (89.5) and 7 percent above the

1980 level (81.1). Whereas in 1980, the

nonmantal birth rate for black women

was 4.5 times the rate for white women;

by 1992 the racial differential was 2.5,

reflecting the substantially greater

increases for white than for black women.

There was no consistent pattern in

the changes in nonmarital birth rates by

age. Declines of less than 1 percent were

reported for teenagers 15-19 years and

women aged 3*34 years. The rate for

women aged 2&24 years rose 1 percent

and was unchanged for women aged

25-29 years. The birth rates for women

aged 35-39 and 40-44 years increased

4-8 percent. The modest changes

between 1991 and 1992 in rates for

women under 35 years of age can be

better appreciated when viewed in the

context of the previous 7-year period,

1984-91, when nonmarital birth rates by

age increased 49-65 percentj or 7–9 percent annually.

The nonmarital birth rate was highest

for women aged 20-24 years (68.5), followed closely by women aged 18-19

(67.3) and 25-29 years (56.5). T’he rates

for younger women 15–17 years and

women aged 30-39 ranged from 19 to 38

per 1,000. Although most age-specific

rates increased little or not at all, the

modest increases in some rates brought

them to the highest levels ever reeorded

in the United States (women aged 18-19,

20-24, and 35 years and older) (figure 3).

AU birth rates for unmarried white

women increased in 1992, except the rate

for teenagers 15–17 years. The increases

amounted to 1-4 percent for women

under 35 years of age and 7–13 pereent

for older women. In eontras4 most agespecific rates for black women declined,

by 1+ pereent for women under 35 years

of age. The rate for women aged 35–39

rose 1 percent and was unchanged for

women in their forties.

The larger increases in 1992 in rates

for women aged 35 and older-compared with younger women~omewhat

resumes a pattern that had been observed

from 1980 to 1990. ~ a consequence, the

proportion of nonmarital births to teenagers has continued to deeline, amounting to 30 percent in 1992. Women aged

25 and older accounted for 35 percent of

the births.

The proportion of all births to

unmarried mothers increased from

29.5 percent in 1991 to 30.1 percent in

1992. This measure, sometimes referred

to as the ratio of births to unmarried

women, is affected by trends in the

number of births and the birth rate for

married women as well as the trends in

these measures for unmarned women. In

1992 total births and births to married

women declined, while births to unmarried women rose; thus the proportion of

all btihs that were to unmarried women

continued to rise, although slightly.

The proportions of births to unmarried women vary widely by race and

Hispanic origin (tables 10 and 11), but

there was little or no change in these

proportions in 1992. In that year, the

percent of births to unmarried women

was lowest for Asian women as a group,

15 percent. WMin that group, Chinese

and Japanese women had the lowest proportions of nonmarital births (6-10 pereent), followed by “Other” Asian

(15 percent), Filipino (17 percent), and

Hawaiian women (46 percent). The proportion for white women was 23 percent;

for Arneriean Indian women, 55 pereent;

and for black women, 68 pereent.

Proportions were generally higher

for Hispanic women, at 39 percent

overall. Again, there was wide variation

among the Hispanic subgroups-20 pereent of Cuban births, 36-38 percent of

Mexican and other Hispanic births,

44 pereent of Central and South

American births, and 58 percent of Puerto

Rican births. In accounting for the high

proportions of nonmarital births in some

Hispanic subgroups, it should be kept in

mind that births to unmarned women

include births to women in consensual or

common-law marriages because these

women are not legally married.

Common-law mamiages are relatively

frequent among Hispanic women (16). To

some extent, the variations by race and

Hispanic origin in the proportions of nonmarital births reflect comparable

variations in teenage birth rates and in the

proportions of births to teenaged mothers

(tables 3,4,7,10, and 11).

The number of nonmarital births in

1992 totaled 1,224,876, the highest

number ever reported, but only a

l-percent increase over the 1991 number

(1,213,769). Nonmarital births increased

especially sharply during the 1980-91

pried, because the 66-86 percent

increases in rates for women aged 25-39

coincided with very large increases

(42-99 pereent) in the number of unmarried women in those age groups (17).

Between 1991 and 1992, increases in

rates were reported for women 18-24 and

3544 years. However, the number of

unmarried women aged 18-24 years (the

ages when nonmarital birth rates are

highest) declined 1 percent, while the

number for those aged 3544 years (ages
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S). October 25, 1994 ~

80 1

80

20-24 years

60

~-----

26-29 years

●*=-=-

.-

.-

~“ ~ 40

—— ----

/

#e-m----

;— ----

16-19 years .-” // 30-34 years

--. /

~.e--

///

.-. +”

///

-.-~-.-”-=-

., . ...=””=”=== “S_

/H

●..* ●*** 15-17 years // . . . . . . . . . .

// . . . .

// ..+.

--”+

-~wd~ee” . . . ..”m””. ””. ”= . ...””..”=

...~.=og”

20 20

L

4“

---

36-39 years

/“-4

//”M

90- *4-

-44

10 ,---- -

0.-

1

10

8

I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I -1,

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992

Figure 3. Birth rates for unmarried mothers by age of mothe~ United States, 1980-92

when rates are lowest) increased 2 percent. Thus, the number of nonmarital

births rose only 1 percent in 1992 compared with previous annual increases of

7 percent from 1980 to 1991,

Levels of nonmarital childbearing

vary widely by State. The number and

percent of births to unmarried women by

race for each State are shown in table 16.

The numbers of nonmarital births

increased in all but eight States and the

District of Columbia. The percent of nonmarital births increased in all but four

States for all races and for white births.

For black births this percent rose in 35

States and the District of Columbia and

declined in 15 States.

Age of father

The birth rate for men declined by

2 percent in 1992, to 55.8 live births per

1,000 men aged 15-54 years. This rate

declined 4 percent betsveen 1990 and

1992, after rising 7 percent behveen 1986 Educational attahlIllent

and 1990 (table -17)~

Rates by age declined by up to 1 percent for men in age groups 15-19 through

35-39 years, and by 3 percent for men

aged 45-49 years. The rate for men aged

4044 years increased 1 percent, and the

rates for men in age groups 50-54 and 55

years and over did not change. In the

period 1986-90 rates by age of father had

risen by 6-31 pereent, with the largest

increases reported for men in age groups

15–24 and 35-49 years.

The birth rate for white men declined

2 percent, to 52.2, and the rate for black

men declined 3 percent, to 81.0. Rates by

age for white men changed in the same

pattern as rates for all races. All rates by

age for black men, except for those aged

55 years and over, declined in 1992 by up

to 3 percent. The declines in rates for

both white and black men between 1990

and 1992 reversed the strong upward

trends obsexved in rates between 1986

and 1990.

Beginning with 1992 data, all 50

States and the District of Columbla

reported information on the educational

attainment of the mother, This important

item is considered an indicator of socioeconomic status and has been correlated

with various aspects of fertility behavior

such as contraceptive use and receipt of

prenatal care. Table 1$ shows that more

than three-fourths of mothers had 12

years or more of schooling (76 percent).

The modal group was mothers whose

completed education was high school

(37 percent), followed by those with

some college (21 percent) and college

graduates (19 percent). Mothers giving

birth in 1992 were slightly more educated

than those who gave birth in 1991, with a

higher percent having at least some

college40 percent in 1992 compared

with 38 percent in 1991.

Women who gave birth in 1992 had

educational attainment very similar to

that of all women 15-49 years of age
(13), but there were differences within

individual age groups. In age groups

under 30 years, women who gave birth

had less education than all women in

generab both in terms of those having at

least a high school diploma and those

having at least some college. For

example, for women aged 20-24 years

who gave birth in 1992, 72 percent had at

least a high school diploma, while 25 percent had at least some college compared

with 86 and 52 percent, respectively, for

all women in that age group. Childbearing

by younger mothers would tend to limit

their educational attainment. However,

women who gave birth at 30 years of age

and over had more education than all

women of their respective ages. In 1992

approximately 60 percent of mothers in

age categories of 30 years and over had

completed at least some college compared with 51 percent of all women

30-49 years of age (tabular data not

shown). This diilerence is partly because

many women of these ages postponed

childbearing to attain additional education (18).

Nearly 80 percent of white mothers

had at least a high school diploma compared with 70 percent of black mothers.

For white mothers the percent with at

least a high school diploma increased

with additional age, to a peak of 90 percent for those 3Q-34 years before

declining slightly to 86 percent for

mothers 40 years of age and over. The

pattern by age for black women was

similar to that for white women, with

those 30-34 years of age having the

highest proportion (85 percent) with at

least a high school diploma. Overall, the

median educational attainment was 12.8

years for white mothers compared with

12.5 years for black mothers.

Tables 10 and 11 show the percent of

mothers who had completed 12 years or

more of schooling for other racial groups

and by detailed Hispa&c origin. Mothers

who had completed 12 years or more of

schooling ranged from under two-thirds

(64 percent) of American Indians to

nearly all (98 percent) of Japanese

women. The percent of mothers who had

completed 12 years or more of schooling

was much lower for those of Hispanic

origin (46 percent) than for non-Hispanic

women (82 percent). This finding reflects

the fact that Hispanic women generally

have low educational attainment. However, there were large dhlerences in educational attainment among detailed

Hispanic subgroups, ranging from 39 percent with 12 years or more of schooling

for Mexican women to 84 percent for

Cuban women.

Maternal life-style and health

characteristics

Maternal weight gain

A large number of studies indicate

that maternal weight gain has a profound

effect on fetal growth and that an inadequate gain is associated with an

increased risk of low birthweight (less

than 2,500 grams), intrauterine growth

retardation, perinatal mortrdity, and shortened period of gestation (19,20). Information on maternal weight gain has been

available from certificates of live birth

since 1989. In 1992 the District of

Columbia and all States except California

included this item on their birth certificate (85 percent of all births in the United

States). Data on weight gain by race and

ethnicity of mother are presented in

tables 19-24.

Liberalized guidelines on weight

gain based on a woman’s prepregnancy

weight for height were issued in 1990 by

the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the

National Academy of Sciences. The

guidelines recommended that a mother. of

average size gain 25-35 pounds for

optimum pregnancy outcome and that

very young women and black women

gain toward the upper limit of the range

suggested for their weight and height

(19). Between 1990 and 1992 the proportion of mothers gaining 26-35 pounds

decreased (from 35.6 percent to 34.8 percent), with a concomitant rise in gains of

more than 35 pounds (from 28.4 percent

to 29.9 percent). However, coincident

with this increase in higher gains, weight

gains of less than 16 pounds-an amount

associated with a greatly-elevated risk

of low birthweight (less than 2,500

grams)-rose from 9.2 percent to 9.7 percent. Because of this compensating shift

in the weight gain distribution, median

weight gain was almost unchanged,

increasing from 30.4 pounds to 30.5

pounds. The median weight gain of white

mothers also changed very little during

this period, from 30.6 pounds to 30.7

pounds, but weight gain increased by 0.5

pounds for black mothers, from 28.1

pounds to 28.6 pounds (table 19).

White mothers are more likely than

black mothers to gain 26-35 pounds

(36.1 percent compared with 28.9 percent) and also more likely to gain 36

pounds or more (30.9 percent compared

with 26.2 percent). Weight gains of less

than 16 pounds are nearly twice as frequent for black than for white mothers

(15.8 percent compared with 8.3 percent).

Some of this racial disparity is explained

by the generally shorter gestational age of

black infants. However, for matched

periods of gestation, there remain very

substantial racial differentials in weight

gain. On the average, white mothers

gained 2.1 pounds more than black

mothers in 1992-30.7 pounds compared

with 28.6 pounds (table 19). According to

a survey of women who gave birth in

1988, advice about weight gain differed

substantially for white and black mothers.

A significantly higher proportion of black

than white mothers reported weight gain

advice that did not conform to the standards for maternal weight gain at that

time (21).

There are also substantial differences

in weight gain among other racial groups

(table 23). Only 7.0 percent of Chinese

mothers gained less than 16 pounds in

1992 compared with 8.0 percent of Filipino, 8.9 percent of Hawaiian, 9.3 percent of Japanese, 11.5 percent of “Other”

Ash or Pacific Islander, and 14.0 percent of American Indian mothers.

Large differences in weight gain are

also apparent among mothers of Hispanic

origin (tables 21 and 24). In 1992 information on weight gain for Hispanicorigin mothers was available from all

States except (hliiornia and New Hampshire, and from the District of Columbia.

Cuban and Central and South American

mothers are the least likely to gain less

than 16 pounds (7.1 and 10.4 percent,

respectively), and Mexican mothers, the

most likely (13.0 percent); 11 percent of

Puerto Rican and “Other” and unknown

Hispanic-origin mothers had this low a

weight gain.

Weight gain during pregnancy is also

closely linked to maternal age, educational attainment, and marital status (data

not shown in this report). Mothers in their
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

mid- to late twenties and early thirties are

the least likely to gain less than 16

pounds (9 percent), while mothers aged

40-49 years are the most likely to have

this minimal a weight gain (13 percent).

Approximately 10 percent of teenagers

and women in their mid- to late thirties

and 11 percent of women in their early

twenties gained less than 16 pounds.

Weight gain increases with educational

attainment, and gains of less than 16

pounds are nearly three times as common

for women with less than a grade school

education (14 percent) than for women

with 16 years or more schooling (5 percent). Unmarried mothers are far more

likely than married mothers to gain less

than 16 pounds (13 percent compared

with 8 percent).

Numerous studies have confirmed

the positive relationship between weight

gain and birthweight (19). As indicated in

table 20, the percent low birthweight

declines dramatically for both white and

black births with added weight gain,

regardless of period of gestation. Thus,

for white births the incidence of low

birthweight declined from 12.2 percent

for gains of less than 16 pounds to

3.9 percent for gains of more than 45

pounds. The steep decline in low birthweight with added weight gain is slightly

greater for black births, with low birthweight decreasing from 23.4 percent for

gains of less than 16 pounds to 6.6 percent for gains of 46 pounds or more.

However, for equivalent weight gain, the

incidence of low birthweight is approximately twice as high for black births.

Virtually similar declines in low birthweight with additional weight gain are

apparent for births to Hispanic-origin

mothers (table 22). The decline with

added weight gain is particularly noticeable for Puerto Rican and Cuban births.

The risk of low birthweight for Puerto

Rican babies declined by 75 percent

(from 17.8 percent to 4.5 percent) as

weight gain increased from less than 16

pounds to 46 pounds or more; for Cuban

mothers, low birthweight declined by

78 percent (from 15.3 percent to 3.4 percent) for comparable increases in weight

gain.

A previous study (22) found that

although cesarean rates generally rise

with increased maternal weight gain,

rates are about the same or lower than

average when weight gain is less than 36

pounds.

Medical risk factors

Mothers with certain medical risk factors during pregnancy are more likely to

have a caarean delivery and other obstetric

and delivery procedures.Adverse outcomes

such as low birthweigh~ preterm bir@ and

congenital malformations have been associated with several medical risk factors (23).

The most frequently reported risk

factors continue to be anemia (18.3 per

1,000 live births), diabetes (25.9), and

pregnancy-associated hypertension (28.5)

(table 25). Between 1989 and the current

year, the reported diabetes rate has

increased steadily, from 21.1 to 25.9.

Also increasing fairly steadily over this

period were hydramniosfoligohy dramnios

(5.7 to 7.9) and acute or chronic lung

disease (3.0 to 4.2 ). The reported incidence of eclampsia, however, declined

between 1989 and 1992, from 4.4 to 3.6.

Rates for the other medical risk factors

remained quite stable.

Young mothers under 20 years of age

were at especially increased risk of

anemia (26.8), hemoglobinopathy (0.8),

eclampsia (5.6), and renal disease (2.9).

Rates for these factors tended to decrease

with advancing age and then rise slightly

for mothers 40 years and older.

For the first year since this item has

been reported, the rate for acute or

chronic lung disease, which includes diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and

tuberculosis, was higher for the youngest

mothers-those under 20 years of age-than

for the oldest mothers-those aged 40 years

and older. Although increases were noted

for each age group over past years, the

rise was most pronounced among teenage

mothers. Levels for the oldest mothers

remained high, resulting in rates that

were elevated at either end of the age

range. Pregnancy-associated hypertension

and hydramnios/oligohydramnios followed a similar U-shaped pattern of

occurrence.

Factors more directly associated with

older age of the mother are cardiac disease, diabetes, chronic hypertension,

incompetent cervix, and uterine bleeding,

Rates for genital herpes increased

steadily with age, but peaked at ages

35–39 years. Although rates for genital

herpes were similar for black and white

women (8.5 compared with 7.9 percent),

reverse patterns by age were observed;

rates increased with age for white

mothers but decreased for black mothers.

Black mothers had disproportionately higher rates (67–105 percmt) for

anemia, chronic hypertension, and

eclampsia compared with white mothers.

Among older mothers, the racial disparity

for chronic hypertension widened; black

mothers 30 years and older were approximately three times as likely as white

mothers of the same age to have this

medical risk factor. Rates for pregnancyassociated hypertension were slightly

lower among black mothers (27.7) compared with white mothers (29.2), but by

30-34 years of age, the risk for black

mothers was 8 pereent higher than that

for white mothers. A similar pattern by

age was observed for diabetes.

Eclampsia and incompetent cervix

were associated with a substantially

elevated risk of poor outcome. For 1992,

infants born to mothers with eclampsia

were three times as likely to be born

preterm and more than six times as likely

to be very low birthweight (less than

1,500 grams). Thirty-nine percent of

births to mothers with an incompetent

cervix were preterm births (less than 37

completed weeks of gestation) compared

with 10.7 percent of all births; nearly one

of every five were very low birthweight

compared with one of every one hundred

of all births.

The risk of a low (less than 2,500

grams) or very low birthweight, or preterm birth was greater for black than for

white mothers for each of the medical

risk factors associated with these outcomes. Black mothers with chronic

hypertension had a 53 percent greater

likelihood of a preterm birth and were

64 percent more likely to have a lowbirthweight baby compared with white

mothers with this condition. The ns~ of

very low birthweight— an even stronger

indicator of poor outcome—for black

mothers with eclampsia, renal disease,

uterine bleeding, pregnancy associated

hypertension, and incompetent cervix

was between 61 and 131 pereent higher

for black than for white births.
~ Monthly Vital Statletics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~13

The four most frequently reported

medical risk factors are shown for other

racial groups in table 26. Rates for all

four factors (anemia, diabetes,

pregnancy-associated hypertension, and

uterine bleeding) were substantially

higher for American Indian mothers than

for any other racial or ethnic group. This

pattern has been observed for several

yearn (24). For example, the American

Indian anemia rate of 57.0 per 1,000 was

82 percent higher than the rate for black

mothers (31.3) and eight times as high as

the rate of 6.8 for Japanese mothers.

Among Anerican Indian mothers, the

incidence of pregnancy-associated hypertension was four times as high as for

Chinese mothers (42.1 compared with

9.9).

Chinese mothers had the lowest

reported levels of pregnancy-associated

hypertension (9.9) and uterine bleeding

(4.8) of all the racial groups and comparatively low levels of anemia (10.3).

However, the Chinese diabetes rate of

41.4 was comparable to the high

American Indian rate of 42.1. In fact,

diabetes rates were elevated for each of

the Asian or Pacific Islander groups in

comparison with all racial groups except

American Indian.

Hispanic mothers had rates of

pregnancy-associated hypertension, diabetes, and uterine bleeding that compared

favorably with those for white nonHispanic mothers and may help to

explain the similar levels of low birthweight (table 27). Among Hispanic subgroups, rates for diabetes and uterine

bleeding were highest for Puerto Rican

mothers, whereas, the rate for pregnancyassociated hypertension was the highest

for Cuban and for “Other” and unknown

Hispanic mothers. “Other” and unknown

Hispanic mothers also had the highest

level for anemia.

Tobacco use

In 1992, 16.9 percent of mothers

were reported to have smoked during

pregnancy, a 5-percent decline from the

1991 level (17.8 percent), and a

13-percent reduction from 1989

(19.5 percent) when this information first

became available on the birth certificate.

(Data for 1992 are shown in tables 23,

24, and 28-31.) These trends are

comparable to those recently reported for

women of reproductive age based on data

from the National Health Interview

Survey (25).

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy

has been repeatedly associated with

reduced infant birthweight, preterm

delivery, and intrauterine growth retardation (26,27). All of these indicators of

poor pregnancy outcome, in turn, are

major predictors of infant mortality and

infant and childhood morbidity. Sudden

infant death syndrome (SIDS), which has

been associated with low birthweight, has

been directly linked in many studies to

maternal smoking even after other factors

have been considered (28). A very

recently reported study also has associated infant and childhood asthma directly

with maternal smoking during pregnancy

(29). In that study it was also demonstrated that smoking, even in the earliest

stages of pregnancy, will compromise the

infant’s health; there may be negative

health consequences for the baby even if

the mother discontinues smoking early in

pregnancy.

Tobacco adversely affects pregnancy

outcome in several ways. One of the most

important of these is the passage of

carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke

into the fetal blood supply, thus depriving

the growing infant of oxygen (27).

In 1992,46 States and the District of

Columbia—representing 76 percent of all

U.S. births-reported maternal smoking

on the birth certificate. California,

Indiana, New York and South Dakota did

not provide this information at all, or did

not provide it in a comparable format.

Smoking during pregnancy was

reported at a higher rate for white than

for black mothers in 1992, 17.9 percent

compared with 13.8 percent. This differential has been observed since 1989.

Smoking rates for both white and black

women declined between 1989 and 1992,

by 12 and 19 percent, respectively.

Smoking rates for Asian women are generally very low—2-7 percent for Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and “Other”

Asian or Pacific Islander women.

Hawaiian women however have a relatively high smoking rate, 18.5 percent, as

do American Indian women, 22.5 pereent

(table 23). Data on tobacco use by Asian

women (exeept Hawaiians) are somewhat

compromised by the fact that California

and New York do not report this information, and together they account for

44-%3 percent of births in each Asian

subgroup except Hawaiian. However,

other studies have also shown low

maternal smoking rates for Asian women

(30,31).

Hispanic mothers also reported generally low rates of tobacco use, just

5.8 percent overall in 1992 (tables 24 and

29). Smoking rates ranged from 3 to

6 percent for Mexi~ Cuban, and Central and South American mothers to

10-13 percent for Puerto Rican and

“Other” and unknown Hispanic mothers.

The incidence of smoking declined in all

Hispanic subgroups. Data on smoking for

Hispanic mothers are affected by the

same limitation noted above for Asian

women-the lack of information for California and New York births, which

together account for about half of all

Hispanic births. However, other studies

cxm-roboratethe generally low smoking

rates for Hispanic mothers (31,32).

Not only have Asian and Hispanic

mothers had low smoking rates, but those

who are foreign-born are even less likely

to smoke than their U.S.-born counterparts. Three percent of foreign-born

Asian mothers were reported as smokers

compared with 13 percent of U.S.-born

Asian mothers. Similarly, 3 percent of

foreign- or Puerto Rican-born Hispanic

mothers smoked compared with 9 percent

of their U.S.-born counterparts (tabular

data not shown).

Smoking rates vary considerably by

maternal age. hong white mothers, the

proportion smoking was highest for

women aged 18-19 years (26 percent),

followed by teenagers 15–17 years and

women aged 20-24 years (23 percent).

Smoking was least frequent among

mothers aged 40 years and older (11 percent) (table 28). The pattern was quite

different for black mothers, with smoking

rates lowest for teenaged mothers

(4-7 percent), increasing steadily to

21 percent for mothers in their thirties

and then declining to 16 percent for

mothers aged 40 and older. These variations by age and race have been observed

for several years.

Smoking rates vary little by age

among Hispanic women, with low overall

smoking rates (table 29). Thus, for

example, the proportion smoking varied
14~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

from 2 to 5 percent for Mexican and

Central and South American mothers and

5–7 percent for Cuban mothers. Rates

varied more for Puerto Rican women,

9-14 percent.

The steady decline since 1989 in

maternal smoking for mothers of all ages

has been observed within most age

groups as well. Smoking rates declined

for white and black women in all age

groups through 30-34 years and for

women 4044 years. The rate for white

women aged 35-39 years had declined

through 1991 and was unchanged in

1992; for black women 35–39 years the

rate increased continuously, by 8 percent

from 1989 to 1992.

The decline from 1989 to 1992 in the

proportion of mothers who smoke has

been accompanied by a growing tendency

among women who smoke to smoke

fewer cigarettes (table 28). During this

period there have been small but steady

increases in the proportion of women

who smoke half a pack of cigarettes (10

cigarettes) or less, from 58 to 62 percent.

The proportion smoking 1–5 cigarettes

has also increased from 19 to 21 percent.

As has been the case in previous

years, white mothers in 1992 not only

had higher smoking rates than black

mothers, but those who smoked were

heavier smokers. For example, among

white smokers, 34 percent smoked 16

cigarettes or more per day compared with

19 percent of black mothers. Conversely,

just 19 percent of white mothers smoked

one to five cigarettes daily compared with

35 percent of black mothers.

Smoking rates vary in a distinctive

pattern according to the mother’s educational attainment (table 30). Women with

9-11 years of schooling had the highest

smoking rate, at 31 percent overall;

38 percent of women aged 20 years and

older in this education group were

reported as smokers. The rate was lowest

for college graduates, just 4 percent. The

relationships between smoking status and

educational attainment were similar for

white and black mothers; however, white

mothers had higher smoking rates than

black mothers in each educational attainment subgroup, except those who are

college graduates. The disparity by race

was greatest among women with 9-11

years of schooling, with 36 percent of

white mothers reported as smokers compared with 19 percent of black mothers.

Groups with the highest smoking

rates also tend to be the heaviest smokers.

For example, 40 percent of mothers with

9–11 years of education smoked at least

half a pack of cigarettes daily compared

with 26 percent of college graduates who

smoked. This pattern was observed for

white and black mothers, but the proportions of heavy smokers were substantially

greater for white mothers.

Maternal smoking has been shown

repeatedly to severely compromise infant

birthweight (26,27). In 1992 babies born

to smokers were at nearly twice the risk

of low birthweight (less than 2,500

grams) as babies born to nonsmokers,

11.5 percent compared with 6.3 percent

(table 31). These variations in low birthweight rates by smoking status were

observed in 1989–91 as well (l–3). The

effect of smoking on infant birthweight

becomes more severe with advancing

maternal age. Infants born to teenagers

who smoked were at 12-26 percent

greater risk of low birthweight. For births

to mothers aged 20-24 yeara the disparity

was 53 percent, while for mothers aged

25 years and older the risk of low birthweight was more than double for births to

smokers.

The impact of smoking on birthweight was observed for white and black

infants alike. The low-birthweight rates

for white babies were 9.7 pereent for

births to smokers and 5.0 percent for

births to nonsmokers. The proportions

were much higher for black babies, but

the disparity by smoking status was

clear—22.l percent of births to smokers

and 11.9 percent of births to nonsmokers

were low birthweight.

The percent low birthweight for

births to women who smoke the fewest

cigarettes, less than six per day, was still

41 percent higher than for births to nonsmokers, 8.9 pereent compared with

6.3 percent. As the number of cigarettes

smoked increases, the percent low birthweight is elevated (26,33). For example,

in 1992 among white infants, the percent

rose from 6.9 percent for births to the

lightest smokers to 11.4 pereent for births

to mothers smoking at least one and

one-half packs of cigarettes daily. Similarly, among black infants, the increase in

low birthweight was from 15.2 percent

for women smoking less than six cigarettes a day to 24.8 percent for the

heaviest smokers. It is apparent that there

is no level of cigarette smoking th:atis not

harmful to the infant.

One way to evaluate the overall

impact of smoking on low birthweight is

to estimate the risk of low birthweight

that is attributable to maternal smoking

(the percent attributable risk) (34,35).

Approximately 13 percent of the lowbirthweight incidence in the United States

in 1992 can be attributed to smoking

during pregnancy. In other words, if no

pregnant women had smoked during

pregnancy, the proportion of low birthweight would have been about 6.1 percent rather than the actual level of

7.1 percent and about 40,000 fewer

babies would have been born with low

birthweight in 1992.

Alcohol use during pregnancy

The use of alcohol during pregnancy

is also a risk factor for poor pregnancy

outcome. Studies have shown that heavy

alcohol use causes a variety of adverse

effects, the most severe of which is fetal

alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS is characterized by growth retardation, facial malformations, and dysfunctions of the

central nervous system, including mental

retardation and behavioral disorders (36).

Additionally, maternal alcohol use has

been shown to compromise infant birthweight, independent of factors such as

maternal smoking and other maternal and

infant characteristics (33,37).

In 1992 data on alcohol use were

reported by 47 States and the District of

Columbia, accounting for 78 pereent of

U.S. births. This information was not

reported on the birth certificates for California, New Yorh and South Dakota.

Reported alcohol use declined for

women in nearly all racial and Hispanicorigin groups in 1992, as it has since

1989 when the data iirst became available. In 1992, 2.6 pereent of births were

to mothers who reported drinking during

pregnancy rmmpared with 2.9 percent in

1991 and 4.1 percent in 1989. Black

mothers were more likely than white

mothers to report alcohol use (3.3 percent

compared with 2.4 pereent). The highest
- Monthly Vital Statiatlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~15

reported use was among American Indian

mothers (6.6 percent) and the lowest

among Filipino, “Other” Asian, Cuban,

and Central and South American mothers

(0.7+.9 percent) (tables 23-24, and 32).

As was the case for data on maternal

smoking, the data on maternal alcohol

use for Asian and Hispanic women

exclude information for California and

New York residents who account for

44-63 percent of births in racial (except

Hawaiian) and Hispanic subgroups. However, other studies indicate that alcohol

use among Hispanics is about half that of

black women (38).

Alcohol use during pregnancy is

clearly substantially underreported on the

birth certificate. Other studies have

shown alcohol use during pregnancy of

20 percent or more, based on data from

personal interviews and written questionnaires (39,40). It is believed that the

underreporting on the birth certificate is a

consequence of the way the question is

framed, focusing on the number of drinks

per week. Women who have had an occasional drink during pregnancy, perhaps

once a month or less, may not consider

this to be alcohol use for purposes of the

question. Another factor that is probably

causing underreporting is the stigma that

is associated with alcohol use, especially

during pregnancy (41).

The patterns of alcohol use by

maternal age have changed little since

this information first became available in

1989. The proportion reported as drinkers

rose from 0.8 percent for mothers under

15 years of age, to 3.9 percent for

mothers aged 35–39 years, and then

declined slightly to 3.5 percent. These

patterns were observed for both white

and black women (table 32).

Among women who used alcohol in

1992, 61 percent reported one drink or

less per week 17 percent reported two

drinks, 11 percent reported 3-4 drinks,

and 12 percent reported five drinks or

more. These figures were comparable to

those observed in 1991 (3).

Alcohol use does not vary in a ccmsistent way according to mother’s educational attainment. The highest reported

rate was among mothers with 9-11 years

of schooling, 3.3 percent, followed by

mothers who were college graduates,

2.8 percent (tabular data not shown).

Although maternal drinking is

sharply underreported, the use that is

reported is associated with an elevated

rate of low birthweight (less than 2,500

grams). The proportion low birthweight

for babies born to drinkers was 12.9 percent compared with 7.0 percent for babies

born to nondrinkers. Heavy drinking is

linked to even greater rates of low birthweight. The percent low birthweight rose

from 9,0 percent of births to women

having one drink or less per week to

24.5 percent of births to women who had

five drinks or more per week (tabular data

not shown). In addition, studies have

shown that when alcohol and tobacco are

both used, the impact on infant birthweight is further worsened (33).

Medicai services utilization

Prenatal care

The first notable advance in prenatal

care utilization in more than a decade

occurred in 1992. The proportion of

mothers beginning prenatal Sare in the

critical first trimester of pregnancy rose

to 78 percent, the highest level ever

reported. Since 1979, the percent of

mothers receiving early care had

remained essentially stable at around

76 percent. Further, the proportion of

mothers delaying care until the third trimester, or who received no care at all,

declined to 5 percent; it had been at

6 percent from 1983 to 1991. (See tables

34-36 for 1992 data.)

As in previous years, older mothers

initiated care earlier than younger

mothers. For 1992, 86 percent of mothers

aged 30-39 years began care in the first

trimester compared with only 59 percent

of mothers under 20 years of age.

Teenage mothers (15–19 years) also were

at higher risk of delayed or no care

(10 percent) than mothers in their thirties

(3 percent).

Although distinct racial differences

in the receipt of prenatal care persist,

increases in early care were noted for

both white and black mothers and

reached the highest levels ever reported

for both racial groups. The propxtion of

white mothers beginning care in the first

trimester increased to 81 percent for 1992

compared with 79 percent for 1991. After

deteriorating to 60 percent in 1989, the

percent of black mothers receiving early

care has been on the increase, rising to

64 percent for 1992. Improvements were

noted for both races for each age group

and for married and unmarned women.

Timely, adequate prenatal care is

known to have a beneficial effect on birth

outcome. As Iias been observed for earlier

years, in 1992 mothers who initiated care

early were less likely to have a lowbirthweight infant (6.4 percent) than were

mothers with late or no care (11.9 percent). Although it is likely that the comparative lack of adequate care of black

mothers contributes to their much higher

levels of low birthweight, racial differences in pregnancy outcome remain after

controlling for the amount and timing of

prenatal care, suggesting that these factors are limited predictors of outcome

(42). Several studies have suggested that

the content of care; that is, advice on

weight gain and behavior modification

and technological procedures performed

may vary by race and contribute to the

poorer birth outcomes of black infants

(21,43,44).

The Kessner Index was developed to

take into account both the timeliness and

quantity of prenatal care, as well as the

gestational age of the baby. Care is

defined as “adequate,” “intermediate,”

or “inadequate.” For 1992, 70 percent of

all mothers received adequate care and

7 percent received inadequate care.

Although slight improvements over 1991

were found in the adequacy of prenatal

care for both white and black mothers,

racial differences remain substantial;

74 percent of white mothers+ompared

with 54 percent of black mothers—

received adequate care in 1992. The proportion of black mothem receiving inadequate care (15 percent) was more than

twice as high as that for white mothers

(6 percent).

In spite of increases in the timeliness

of care, there was no concurrent increase

in the median number of prenatal visits

from 1991, or any amelioration of the

racial gap, as median was unchanged for

white (12.2) and black mothers (10.7).

However, this racial differential in the

median number of prenatal visits dissipates considerably when examined by

marital status and gestation. The median
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

visits for married black mothers with a

birth of at least 37 completed weeks of

gestation was 12.2 compared with 12.5

visits for white mothers.

The early receipt of prenatal care

varied substantially among other racial

and ethnic groups, ranging from 62 percent for American Indian mothers to

88 percent for Japanese mothers (tables

23 and 24). Overall, 64 percent of Hispanic mothers initiated care in the first

trimester, but for specific Hispanic groups

the range was from 62 percent for

Mexican mothers to 87 percent for Cuban

mothers.

Ten percent of all Hispanic mothers

delayed care until the final trimester or

received late or no prenatal care—levels

similar to those for black and American

Indian mothers. In contrast, 2–3 percent

of Chinese, Japanese, Cuban, and white

non-Hispanic mothers received late or no

prenatal care.

The New England States, Iowa,

Maryland, and Utah reported the highest

proportions of mothers beginning care in

the first trimester (85 to 89 percent)

(table 35). Except for Maryland these

States also had the lowest levels of

mothers who had received late or no care

(2-3 percent). The most elevated levels

of late or no care for white mothers were

reported in States with large Mexican

populations-New Mexico and Texas

(9 percent), Arizona (8 percent), and

Nevada (7 percent). For States with at

least 1,000 black births, Minnesota,

Nevada, New York the District of

Columbia, and Pennsylvania reported the

highest proportions of mothers with

delayed or no care (14 to 17 percent).

Increases in the early receipt of care and

decreases in late or no care between 1991

and 1992 were observed for the vast

majority of States.

Obstetric procedures

The most prevalent obstetric procedure in 1992, reported for over 3 million

births, or 77 percent of all live births, was

electronic fetal monitoring (IWh4)

(table 36). EFM usage in 1992 rose for

the third consecutive year. All age groups

experienced increases in EFM compared

with 1991, again the third year for this to

occur. Data from two surveys conducted

by the National Center for Health

Statistics demonstrate that EFM usage

rose substantially during the 1980’s, from

45 percent in 1980 to 62 percent in 1988

(45).

In 1992 the difference in EFM usage

between births that were low birthweight

(less than 2,500 grams) and those that

were 2,500 grams or more was only

1 percent (76 and 77 percent, respectively). Sixty-eight percent of mothers

who had repeat cesarean sections had

EFM compared with 78 percent for primary cesarean sections and 86 percent for

vaginal births after cesarean section

(VBAC) (tabular data not shown).

Hawaiian and white mothers had the

highest (78 percent) and Filipino mothers

had the lowest (68 percent) rates in EFM

usage in 1992 (table 26). Among

Hispanic-origin subgroups, the lowest

rate was for Mexican mothers, 65 percent

(table 27).

In 1992 just over 900,000 live births

did not receive EFM, and according to

the American College of Obstetricians

and Gynecologists, “Currently available

data support the conclusion that, within

specified intervals, intermittent auscultation (listening to sounds within the body

with or without a stethoscope) is equivalent to continuous electronic fetal monitoring in detecting fetal compromise”

(46). Thus, these births did not necessarily run an additional risk of undetected

fetal compromise. Intermittent auscultation in normal labor is now supported by

several studies to be adequate (47).

Ultrasound screening during pregnancy can detect fetal growth retardation,

placental abnormalities, multiple gestation pregnancies, and congenital anomalies (48,49). It can also expose pregnant

women to the slight risk of false positive

diagnosis of malformations. Recent

studies have suggested that ultrasound

usage might not improve perinatal

outcome, maternal management, or

maternal outcome (50).

According to data from birth certificates, 58 percent of mothers who had live

births in 1992 received ultrasound, a

21-percent increase over 1989 (48 percent). Results from the 1988 National

Maternal and Infant Health Survey show

ultrasound usage at 63 percent (51),

which suggests that there may be underreporting of ultrasound on the birth certificate. Chinese mothers had the lowest

rates in ultrasound usage (48 percent) and

white mothers had the highest (59 percent) (table 26). Data by Hispanic origin

(table 27) show the rate for Mexican

mothers to be lowest (at 40 percent) of all

Hispanic groups.

Ultrasound is routinely used for

needle guidance during amniocentesis

and, in 1992, 85 percent of mothers who

had amniocentesis also had ultrasound,

while 57 percent of mothers who did not

have amniocentesis had ultrasound (tabular data not shown). Sixty-three percent

of all births by cesarean delivery’ and

WAC births received ultrasound, higher

than the 55 percent for other vaginal

births (tabular data not shown).

The overall rates of stimulation and

induction of labor in 1992 were 129 and

114 per 1,000 live births, respectively.

Mothers aged 25–29 years had the

highest rate of stimulation of labor (132

per 1,000) and mothers aged 40+9 years

had the lowest (121 per 1,000) (table 36).

Induction of labor rates had a slightly

larger range by age, from 98 for the

youngest mothers to 127 for the oldest

mothers. For both stimulation and induction of labor, white mothers had the

highest rates while Filipino mothers had

the lowest (table 26). Both of these procedures were more likely to be employed

for births where infant birthweight was

high. The range in rates between infants

weighing less than 2,500 grams (low

birthweight) and those over 4,000 grams

for stimulation was from 85 to 138 per

1,000 live births and for induction, from

93 to 160 (tabular data not shown).

Amniocentesis, an invasive prenatal

diagnostic procedure performed to detect

genetic disorders, was reported for 32 of

every 1,000 live births in 1992 (tables 26,

27, and 36). The rate of amniocentesis for

the oldest age group (40-49 years) was

17 times the rate for the youngest age

soup (under 20 years)-192 compared

with 11. Similar differences by age were

observed for white mothers. For black

mothers the difference between the oldest

and youngest age groups was elevenfold

(106 compared with 9). Japanese mothers

had the highest rate (87 per 1,000 live

births) while black mothers had the

lowest rate (18 per 1,000). White nonHispanic mothers had a rate nearly three

times higher than Mexican mothers (38

compared with 14).
~ Monthly Vttsl Ststistlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~17

Tocolysis, which is used to avoid

preterm birth, was the least prevalent (19

per 1,000 live births) of procedures

identified on the birth certificate.

However, over one-third of mothers who

had tocolysis still delivered preterm.

White mothers were more likely than

black mothers to have received toccdysis

(19 and 16, respectively). Among black

and white mothers, rates by age were

highest for mothers under 20 years of age

(17 and 23, respectively).

Rates for the six selected procedures

vary by the education of mother, birthweight and gestational age of the infantj

and month prenatal care began (tabular

data not shown). All of these procedures

had higher rates for mothers with 12

years or more of education compared

with mothers who had less schooling.

The rates for amniocentesis showed the

greatest difference between mothers with

12 years or more of education and

mothers with less education (37 @mpared with 14). Mothers giving birth to

low-birthweight (less than 2,500 grams)

or preterm (less than 37 completed weeks

of gestation) infants were much more

likely than those giving birth to normal

birthweight or full-term births to have

had amniocentesis (2.1 and 1.7 times

greater) or tocolysis (5.0 and 4.4 times

greater). The rates for all six of these

procedures were higher for mothers who

began prenatal care in the first trimester

of pregnancy as compared with mothers

who began prenatal care later. For amniocentesis the rate was more than Nice as

high (36 compared with 17).

Compllcatlons of labor and/or

delivery

Of the 15 reported complications of

labor and/or delivery, 6 were reported at a

rate greater than or equal to 30 per 1,000

live births in 1992 Meconium,

moderate/heavy (61 per 1,000); fetal distress (42 per 1,000); breech/malpresentation (38 per 1,000); and cephalopelvic

disproportion, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), and dysfunctional labor

(30-33 per 1,000 (table 37).

For these six complications there

were observable variations by race and

Hispanic origin (tables 26 and 27). Black

mothers had the highest rates of all races

for meconium and fetal distress; Japanese

mothers, for breech/ malpresentation;

Filipino mothers, for cephalopelvic disproportion; and American Indian mothers

had the highest rates of all races for

PROM and dysfunctional labor. Japanese

mothers had the lowest rates of all races

for meconiuw Hawaiian mothers, for

fetal distress and dysfunctional labo~

black mothers, for breech/malpresentatiow American Indian mothers, for

cephalopelvic disproportion; and Filipino

mothers had the lowest rates of all races

for PROM. By Hispanic origin, Cuban

mothers had the highest rate for dysfunctional labor. Mexican mothers had the

lowest rates for PROM, dysfunctional

labor, and breech/malpresentation.

Distinctions by age of mother were

observed in the rates of three of the six

most prevalent complications (table 37).

The highest rates of meconium and fetal

distress were for the youngest (under 20

years of age) and oldest (40-49 years of

age) mothers the lowest rates were for

mothers in the middle years of childbearing (25-34 years of age). The oldest

mothers had the highest rates of

breech/malpresentation, while the

youngest mothers had the lowest rates.

Although not frequent, placenta

previa is a serious complication and

occurred in over 55,000 births between

1989 and 1992 (4 per 1,000 live births).

Increasing age of mother and live-birth

order have been shown to increase the

risk of this complication (52). Data from

birth certificates during this 4-year period

also identify these two risk factors, particularly increasing age of mother (tabular data not shown).

Of the six most prevalent complications, four-breechlmalpresentatio% dysfunctional labor, PROM, and cephalopelvic

disproportion+ccurr ed more often to

mothers with 13 years or more of education

than for mothers with lower educational

attainrnen~ two-meconium and fetal

distress- cwurred more often to mothers

with less than 13 years of education (data

not shown here). The same pattern is

obsemwd for white mothers. For black

mothers meconium was the only complication of the six mcst prevalent with a higher

rate for mothers with less than 13 years of

education.

Ratea for four complications-mecordum, prolonged Iatmr, dysfunctional labor,

and cephalopelvic disproportion-were

lower for Iow-birthweightinfhnts(less than

2@0 -) than for infants weighing

2@13 grams or more. Of these four, rates

were higher for dysfunctional labor andj

particularly, cephalopelvic disproportion for

mothers who gained more weight during

pregnancy, regardless of the weight of the

infant (data not shown here). Of the

remaining 11 complications that had higher

rates for Iow-birthweight Mu@

four-PROM abruptio placenw placenta

prev@ and seizures during labor-had rates

at least four times those of int%ntsweighing

&10 grams or more. These same four cOmplicatio~ with considerable dMerences by

birthweigh~ aIso had large dillerences(three

to eighttimes as high) in rates for those born

preterm (less than 37 completed weeks of

gestation) when compaml with term births.

Attendant at birth and place of

delivery

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth requested

more detailed information on place of

delivery and attendant at birth than formerly. Four years of information are now

available for deliveries by certified nursemidwives as dktinguished from “Other”

or lay midwive$ for doctors of osteopathy (D.O.’S) separately from other

medical doctors (M.D.’s); and for freestanding birthing centers, clinics or doctor’s offices, and residences.

In 1992, as in all previous years,

almost all births (94.2 percent) were

attended by physicians (M.D.’s and

D.O.’s) in a hospital setting (table 38),

down slightly from 94.5 percent in 1991.

There has been a steady decline in such

births since 1975, the first year for which

comparable data are available, when

98.4 percent of all births were physicianattended hospital births. Concomitantly,

the proportion of all births attended by

midwives in hospitals increased from

0.6 percent in 1975 to 3.9 percent in 1991

and to 4.4 percent in 1992. The overall

proportion of births delivered in hospitals

changed very little during this

period-declining from 99.1 percent in

1975 to 98.9 percent in 1992, while outof-hospital births increased from 0.9 percent to 1.1 percent of all births. The

proportion of all births that were attended

by physicians, midwives, and others in an

out-of-hospital setting was relatively
18- Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

stable from 1975 to 1992; declining from

0,4 percent to 0.3 percent of all births for

physicians, and increasing from 0.3 percent to 0.5 percent for midwives and

from 0.1 to 0.3 percent for other

attendants.

Freestanding birthing centers are

nonhospital facilities that provide maternity care for women judged to be at low

risk of pregnancy-associated complications. Although only a small proportion

of births are delivered in such sites

(0.3 percent in 1992), there is considerable interest in this setting as an alternativeto hospital delivery. A recent article

concluded that birthing centers offer a

safe and cost-effective alternative to hospital delivery for low-risk women (53). In

1992, 30.4 percent of the births in freestanding birthing centers were attended

by physicians and 67.2 percent were

attended by midwives.

Births in private residences (home

births) comprised 0.6 percent of all

births, essentially the same as in 1989–91

(0.7 percent). In 1992, 18.1 percent of

home births were delivered by physicians; 43.4 percent, by midwives; and

38.5 percent, by other attendants.

In 1992, D.O.’S delivered 3.4 percent

of all births, almost all in hospitals

(99 percent). This was approximately the

same proportion of births delivered by

D.O.’S in 1991 (3.3 percent), but a somewhat higher percent than in 1989

(2.8 percent), the first year for which such

information is available.

Certified nurse-midwives (CNM’S)

are registered nurses who have completed

graduate-level programs in midwifery

and have been certified by the American

College of Nurse-Midwives (54). They

provide prenatal care and manage the

labor and delivery of women who have

been determined to be at low risk of

obstetrical complications. Because not all

States license CNM’S, some births delivered by CNM’S have been classified in

the “other midwife” category. It can be

assumed that almost all births attended by

other midwives in hospitals and birthing

centers were delivered by CNM’S, In

1992 midwives delivered 4.4 percent of

hospital births and 67.2 percent of births

in freestanding birthing centers. Both of

these proportions have increased each year

since 1989, when 3,1 percent of hospital

btihs and 63.1 percent of freestanding

birthing-centerbirths were deliveredby midwives. CNM’s were identified as the attendant for 11.5percent of home deliveries

compared with 12.6percent in 1989.

There are distinct differences in the

population of women who deliver in hospitals, birthing centers, or private residences; and within each of these settings,

there are also large dissimilarities by

attendant. For example, mothers giving

birth in hospitals, who closely mirror the

characteristics of all women giving birth,

tend to be younger than mothers giving

birth in birthing centers or at home. Of

hospital births, 13 percent were to teenagers and 32 percent were to mothers 30

years or older. By contrast, only 9 percent

of the mothers delivering in birthing centers and 7 percent delivering at home

were in their teens; 36 percent of the

mothers delivering in birthing centers and

46 percerit delivering at home were at

least 30 years of age. Mothers who

deliver in hospitals attended by midwives

tend to be younger than mothers attended

by physicians.

Although approximately the same

proportion of mothers who delivered in a

hospital, in a birthing center, or at home

had at least 13 years of education

(40-42 percent), mothers delivering in a

birthing center or at home were more

than twice as likely to have less than 8

years of schooling than mothers delivering in a hospital (16 percent compared

with 6 percent). There is also considerable variation according to attendant in

years of schooling completed. Mothers

attended by physicians in hospitals are

more likely to have completed 13 years

or more of schooling than those attended

by midwives in hospitals, but for out-ofhospital deliveries, mothers attended by

midwives generally have higher levels of

educational attainment than those delivered by physicians.

Other notable differences in the characteristics of women by attendant and

place of delivery include the percent who

are foreign born (higher for midwifethan for physician-attended births both in

and out of hospitals); the proportion of

mothers who are unmarried (higher for

midwife- than for physician-attended

births in hospitals, but higher for physicians than for midwives out of hospital);

and the proportion of mothers who areblack (higher for midwives than for

physicians in hospitals, but far higher for

physicians in a nonhospital settiing).

Method of delivery

The overall rate of cesarean delivery

(number of births delivered by eesarean

per 100 total births) in 1!992 was

22.3 percent (table 39). This is 0.5 percentage points, or 2.2 percent lower than

the 1989 rate of 22.8 (table 40), the first

year for which data on method of

delivery are available from birth certificates.

Of the 888,622 cesarean births in

1992, 62 percent were primay or first

cesareans, and 38 percent were repeat

cesareans (table 39). These proportions

are almost unchanged sinc~ 1989

(l-3 percent). Primary cesarean rates

(first cesareans per 100 live births to

women who had no previous cesaresn)

declined by 3 percent between 1989 and

1992, from 16.1 to 15.6 (table 40).

Among the national objectives for

health promotion and disease prevention

for the year 2000 are reductions in the

overall cesarean rate to 15 or less, and in

the primary cesarean rate to 12 or less

(55). In 1992, as in 1991, no State had a

cesarean rate as low as 15, and only 19

States had a cesarean rate of 20 or less

(compared with 18 states in 1991). On

the other hand, seven States had a primary cesarean rate of 12 or less compared with six States in 1991. (State data

are not shown in this report.)

Both overall and primary cesarean

rates increase rapidly with maternal age

(table 39). In 1991 the overall cesarean

rate for women in the oldest yearn of

childbearing (40-49 years) was 31.7,

almost double the rate of 16.1 for

teenagers; the primary cesarean ratq for

the oldest mothers was 22.4 percent,

57 percent higher than the rate of

14.3 percent for the youngest mothers.

Advanced maternal age appears to be an

independent risk factor for cesarean

delivery. Older mothers are more likely to

deliver by cesarean regardless of race,

Hispanic origin, parity, marital status, or

educational attainment (22).

When age and birth order are considered together, rates were highest for

women aged 40-49 years having their

first (45.2 percent) or second child

(36.0 percent) and for women 35-39
years having their first child (38.6 per-

&nt), while the lowest rates were for

teenagers having a second- or higherorder birth (14.9 percent). For women 20

years or older, cesarean rates were

highest for first-order births and declined

for successive births (figure 4).

Vaginal birth after a previous

cesarean delivery (VBAC) has become

increasingly common in the United

States, although still far below the frequency in many European countries (56).

In 1992,22.6 percent of women who had

a previous cesarean delivered vaginally

and 77.4 percent had a repeat cesarean.

The VBAC rate (number of vaginal births

after previous cesarean delivery per 100

live births to women with a previous

cesarean) has risen at least 1 percentage

point each year since 1989 when it was

18.9 percent (table 40). The year 2000

objective pertaining to VBAC is for a rate

of 35 (55). In 1992 only four States had

reached this objective, one less than in

1991. VBAC rates are highest for teenagers (26.3) and decline steadily with

advancing age, to 17.1 for women aged

4049 years.

There is little or no difference in

cesarean and VBAC rates for white and

black mothers. In 1992 the total cesarean

rate was 22.5 for white mothers and 22.1

for black motherq the primary rate was

15.7 for both racial groups, and the

VBAC rate was 22.5 for white mothers

compared with 22.4 for black mothers.

However, there continue to be very substantial differences in rates among other

racial groups, even when differences in

the age distribution of mothers are considered (22). In 1992 the highest cesarean

rate was for Filipino mothers (24.3), and

the lowest was for American Indian

(17.9), Hawaiian, and “Other” Asian or

Pacific Islander mothers (18.0) (table 23).

Mothers of Hispanic origin as a group

were less likely to have a cesarean

delivery (21.2 percent) than non-Hispanic

white (22.8 percent) or non-Hispanic

black mothers (22.2 percent). Cuban

mothers had the highest rate of any Hispanic origin group (33.9), with rates for

other Hispardc groups ranging from 20.5 for

Mexican mothers to 225 for “Other” and

unknown Hispanic mothers (table24).

Cesarean and VBAC rates for the

maternal medical risk factors, complications of labor and/or delivery, and

obstetric procedures included on birth

certificates are shown in table 41. Compared with the overall cesarean rate of

22.3, rates were at least 50 percent above

this average for 6 of the 14 medical risk

factors of pregnancy, ranging from 35.8

for diabetes to 51.0 for eclampsia. Even

higher cesarean rates are evident for

many complications of labor and

delivery, with rates at least 50 percent

more than average for 11 of the 15 complications tracked on birth certificates.

Rates are particularly high for placenta

previa (81.7), breech.lmalpresentation

Ist births

~4*- ●mm....---

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2nd bhths . ~ -

30 —

.2

r

z

o

0

L

2

20

&

d

10 “

oUnder 20 20-24 25-29 30-34

Age of mother in years

NOTE: The total cesarean rate is the number of births by sasareen per 100 total births.

35-39 40-49

Figure 4. Total ceeerean rates by age of mother an Ihre-birth orde~ United States, 1992
20 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Rapott o Vol. 43, No. 5(S) . October 25,1994 ~

(85.0), and cephalopelvic disproportion

(97.8). Arnnioeentesis was the only

obstetric procedure with a greatly

elevated cesarean rate (35.6). The 1992

cesarean rates for almost all of these

conditions and procedures are fairly close

to those in 1989-91, and, as in previous

years, generally quite similar for white

and black mothers (l–3,22).

Since 1989 information on forceps

deliveries has been available from live

birth certificates. In 1992, 4.3 percent of

births were delivered by forceps, 7 percent lower than the 1991 rate of 4.6 percent and 22 percent lower than the 1989

rate of 5.5 percent. Thus the decline in

use of forceps during the 1980’s (57),

which was concomitant with the rise in

eesarean delivery, continues unabated

despite the slight decline in eesarean

delivery since 1989.

Vacuum-extraction delive~ increased

steadily in the 1980’s(57s8), and information available from live birth certificates

since 1989 indicates that this trend has

continued. In 1989, 3.5 percent of births

were by vacuum extraction, rising to

4.8 percent in 1992, an increase of

37 percent.

In 1992, as in previous years, both

forceps and vacuum-extraction delivery

were far more common for white than for

black births. Forceps were used in

4.6 percent of white compared with

3.0 percent of black births, and vacuum

extraction was used in 5.2 percent of

white compared with 3.0 percent of black

births. Both modes of delivery increased

sharply with added birthweight up to

4,000 grams, and then declined slightly

for babies weighing 4,000 grams or more,

reflecting the increased use of cesarean

delivery for babies of high birthweight

(tabular data not shown).

Infant health characteristics

Gestation

The proportion of infants born preterm (less than 37 completed weeks of

gestation) declined very slightly between

1991 and 1992, from 10.8 to 10.7 percent. Except for a decline in 1984, this

proportion had risen steadily since 1981

(9.4 percent) (tables 42 and 43). Although

the etiology of preterm delivery is largely

unknown, it is a leading cause of newborn and infant mortality (59). The proportion of births born at term (37-41

weeks of gestation) increased from 75 to

79 percent between 1981 and 1992, concurrent with a decline in postterm births,

which fell by almost 40 percent during

this period (16 to 10 percent). This

decrease is likely due, at least in part, to

the rapid rise in inductions of labor (57).

All of the small improvement in the

incidence of preterm births occurred

among preterm births to black mothers,

which declined from 18.9 to 18.4 percent.

Decreases were noted among black births

of 28-36 weeks of gestation, but there

was no change in the proportion of births

at the greatest risk of poor outcome, those

born under 28 weeks of gestation.

Declines of 2-4 percent were observed

for preterm births to black mothers in

each age group except the youngest

mothers and those 35 years of age and

older. Among black mothers, the risk of

preterm birth was lowest for mothers

aged 20-29 years (17.5 percent) and

highest for mothers under 15 years

(26.9 percent).

The incidence of preterm births for

white mothers was unchange~ at 9.1 percent. The risk of an early birth varied

widely by age of mother, with rates

ranging from 8.1 percent for mothers

25-29 years to 18.4 percent for mothers

under 15 years of age. White teenage

mothers 15-19 years were as likely as

mothers 40 years and older to have a

pretenn birth (11.6 percent).

Black mothers were twice as likely

as white mothers not to have a full-term

pregnancy (18.4 compared with 9.1 percent). However, as preterm severity rises

so, too, does the racial disparity. Black

mothers were 70 percent more likely than

white mothers to deliver at 34-36 weeks

of gestation (11.2 compared with 6.6 percent), 2.5 times as likely to deliver at

28-33 weeks (5.3 compared with 2.1 percent), and four times as likely to deliver

at less than 28 weeks (1.9 compared with

0.5 percent).

The shorter the length of gestation,

the greater the risk of an adverse outcome

as measured by low birthweight. Of

extremely preterm infants, or those born

at less than 28 weeks of gestation, 95 percent were low birthweight compared with

64 percent of infants born at 28-33 weeks

and 28 percent of infants with gestations

of 34-36 weeks. Babies delivered at

34-36 weeks of gestation have been

found to have little increased risk of

morbidity or mortality when compared

with term births (59).

Rates of pretenn birth among other

racial groups ranged from 7.0 percent for

Chinese to 11.6 percent for American

Indian mothers (table 23). The comparatively high proportion of preterm births

among American Indians would seem to

belie their overall favorable levels of low

birthweight. However, a lower proportiori

of American Indian preterm infants

(31 percent) were low birthweight than

any of the other racial groups (for

example, 40 percent of white preterm

births and 47 percent of black preterm

births).

Among Hispanic mothers, the proportion of births’ born preterm was the

highest for Puerto Rican mothers

(13.2 percent) and the lowest for Cuban

mothers (10.0 percent) (table 24). The

incidence of preterm birth was surprisingly high among Mexican mothers, at

10.4 percent, compared with white nonHispanic mothers (8.7 percent), given the

comparable levels of low birthweight of

the two groups. However, as was the case

for American Indian births, a relatively

low proportion of Mexican preterm births

were low birthweight (32 percent compared with 41 percent of white nonHispanic preterm births) and, thus, were

at less risk of poor outcome.

Weight at birth

The overall incidence of low birthweight (less than 2,500 grams) for 1992

was unchanged from the 1991 level of

7.1 percent, the highest level reported

since 1978 (see tables 4244 and figure 5). Low birthweight is a principal

predictor of infant survival and potential

morbidity (60,61). Following a high of

13,6 percent for 1991, the proportion low

birthweight among black infants declined

to 13.3 percent for 1992. No change was

noted in the rate for white infants

(5.8 percent). The incidence of very low

birthweight (births of less than 1,500

grams) also was unchanged from 1991

(1.3 percent). The large racial disparity in

very low birthweight was unabated as

levels of very low birthweight among
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) . October 25, 1994 ~ 21

20 ~

16 —

Black

12 —

~

cl

&L

8 —

‘=- . . . . . . ...*

●.= . . . . . . . . .

●*. AHraces

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. ..- . . ..-s

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--.-

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White

--- --d~+- ----- ----

4

I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

NOTE For 1970-79, data for white and black births are by race of child and for 19S0-92, by race of mother,

Figure 5. Pereent low bitthweight by reeecUnited States, 1970-92

white (1.0 percent) and black births (3.0 per- widely from 10.2 percent for the youngest low birthweight was greater for term

cent) remained the same as in 1991.

The median birthweight for babies

born in 1992 was 3,360 grams. The

overall level was unchanged from 1991,

the lowest median reported since 1981

(also 3,360). The median birthweight for

white infants, at 3,410 grams, was also

the same as the previous year. After a

decline to 3,160 in 1991, the median

birthweight for black babies returned to

the level reported for 1990 (3,170).

l%ere was essentially no change in

patterns of low birthweight by age

between 1991 and 1992. As in earlier

years, the risk of low birthweight varied

profoundly according to the age of the

mother. Age-specific low-birthweight

rates generally followed a U-shaped pattern, with the youngest and oldest mothers at

the greatest riskj but with levels for mothers

40 years and older slightly lower than those

for mothers under 20 years. Age-specific

Iow-birthweight rates for bhths to white

mothers followed a similar patte~ varying

and oldest mothers to 5.1 percent for

mothers aged 25-29 years. Conversely,there

was less variation in low birthweight risk

between age groups for black mothers, with

only a 33-percent dilTerenee betsveen the

highest and lowest rates (16.2 compared

with 12.2percent).

Some reasons for the higher rate of

low birthweight among black infants are

that they are much more likely to be born

preterm (at less than 37 completed weeks

of gestation) and to have a lower weight

gain during pregnancy. However, even

for mothers with ideal weight gain and

length of gestation, the risk of low birthweight for black infants is mice that for

white infants (table 20).

There were no notable changes in

low-birthweight levels for preterm

(41.6 percent), term (37-41 weeks of gestation) (3.0 percent), or postterm births

(42 weeks and over of gestation)

(2.0 percent) from the previous year. As

in prior years, the racial disparity in

than for preterm births. Whereas, low

birthweight among preterm black

births (47.0 percent) was 18 percent

higher than that for white births (39.7 percent), black babies born at term (5.8 percent)

were more than &viceas likely to be born

low birthweight as white term births

(2.5 percent).

Infants born to American Indian

mothers have a relatively favorable level

of low birthweight (6.2 percent), despite

high levels of teenage childbearing and

numerous other demographic and

medical risk factors (see medical risk

factors section). This is due, in part, to

the comparatively modest levels of low

birthweight among American Indian

teenagers-the lowest of any other racial

or ethnic group in 1992 (6.2 percent).

Among Asian or Pacific Islander

births, low birthweight levels ranged

from a low of 5.0 percent for Chinese

births, the lowest level reported for any

racial or ethnic group, to 7.4 percent for
22~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

Filipino births. The only notable change

from the previous year was a rise in low

birthweight among Japanese births, from

5.9 to 7.0 percent. The disparity in levels

of low birthweight reflects the breadth of

heterogeneity among Asian and Pacific

Islanders.

Infants of Asian or Pacific Islander

mothers born abroad were at a lower risk

of low birthweight than those of their

U.S.-born counterparts (6.2 percent compared with 7.3 percent). This pattern has

been found for each of the Asian or

Pacific Islander groups and may be attributed, in part, to lower levels of tobacco

use during pregnancy (table 23).

Among all Hispanic mothers, the

incidence of low birthweight in 1992 was

unchanged from 1991 (6.1 percent).

Rates of low birthweight for the Hispanic

subgroups (except Cuban) were

essentially unchanged, ranging from

5.6 percent for infants born to Mexican

mothers to 9.2 percent for Puerto Rican

infants (table 24). For Cuban babies low

birthweight increased from 5.6 to 6.1 percent between 1991 and 1992.

The very favorable pregnancy outcome, as measured by low birthweight,

for Mexican women is an anomaly. The

prevalence of traditional risk factors,

including elevated rates of teenage childbearing, low educational levels, and inadequate prenatal care, would appear to

place Mexican infants at great peril.

Some possible explanations are that low

levels of tobacco and alcohol use and

adequate nutrition during pregnancy

among pregnant Mexican women may

offset sociodemographic risks. Interestingly, the rate of low birthweight for

Mexican mothers born outside of the

United States (5.1 percent) is substantially lower than that of their U.S.-born

counterparts (6.5 percent). This suggests

that the protective practices of Mexican

mothers born abroad, which contribute to

their good birth outcomes, may not be

sustained in the second generation of

Mexican mothers. (14,62).

Among the 51 reporting areas, the

rate of low birthweight for births to white

mothers ranged from 4,3 percent for

Alaska and 4.6 percent for the District of

Columbia, to 7.3 percent for New Mexico

and 8.0 percent for Colorado. For States

with at least 1,000 black births, the

lowest rates were reported for Rhode

Island (9.3 percent) and Massachusetts

(10.9 percent); the highest rates were

reported in Colorado (16.9 percent) and

the District of Columbia (16.4 percent)

(table 16).

Interval since last live birth

Closely-spaced births are associated

with higher levels of low birthweight and

other adverse outcomes (63). For 1992,

13 percent of all second- and higherorder births occurred within the relatively

short interval of 18 months from a previous live birth (tables 10 and 11);

9.1 percent of these births were low birthweight compared with 4.6 percent of

infants born at 2 to 3 years of a previous

live birth. The proportion of births occurring at the various intervals following the

mother’s last live birth has remained

essentially stable since 1980. For 1992

about a quarter (27 percent) oeeurked

within 2 years and about one-half

(51 @rcent) within 3 years.

Black infants are more likely than

white infants to be born at short intervals,

reflecting the higher fertility and younger

ages at the start of childbearing of black

mothers. For 1992, 20 percent of black

infants, compared with 12 percent of

white, followed their mother’s previous

live birth by less than 18 months. When

born at these shorter intervals, black

infants are also more likely to be low

birthweight than white infants (16.6 percent compared with 6.5 percent).

Apgar score

The Apgar score was developed by

Vhginia Apgar, M.D., in 1952 to measure

the relative physical condition of babies

just after delivery. There are five components to this score-heart rate, respiratory

effort, muicle tone, reflex irritability, and

the color of the newborn-which are

each assigned a value of O, 1, or 2. The

total score is the sum of the scores of the

five components and ranges from Oto 10,

with 7 or greater indicating good to

exeellent physical condition. The scores

are assessed at two separate intervals, 1

minute after birth and then again at 5

minutes after birth. The 1- and 5-minute

scores are inherently different because the

latter reflects any care the baby received

in the first 5 minutes. The Apgar scores

are used as predictors of the babies’

chances of survival and of their long-term

health with the 5-minute score generilly

regarded as the better of the two measures on which to do this. In 1992 all

States except California and Texas

reported information on Apgar score.

These 48 States and the District of

Columbia accounted for 77 percent of all

U.S. births.

In 1992, 8.5 percent of babies had

l-minute Apgar scores that were considered low, less than 7 (table 23). Of these,

16 pereent also had low 5-minute scores

(tabular data not shown). Thus, 84 percent of babies with low l-minute scores

improved enough in the next 4 minutes to

have 5-minute scores of 7 or higher.

However, the pereent that improved

varied substantially by the sewerity of

their initial physical condition, ranging

from only 13 percent of babies with

l-minute scores of Oto nearly all (98 pereent) of babies with l-minute scores of 6.

Conversely, the physical conditions of

less than 0.1 percent of babies that had

good l-minute scores deteriorated to the

point where they had 5-minute scores less

than 7. Altogether, 1.5 percent of babies

had 5-minute Apgar scores that were less

than 7.

The percent of babies having low 1-

and 5-minute Apgar scores was highest

for black mothers, intermediate for

American Indian and white mothers, and

lowest for Asian or Pacific Islander

mothers. This is consistent with the fact

that most Asian subgroups have fewer

risk factors indicating adverse birth outcomes (for example, teenage births,

tobacco and alcohol consumption during

pregnancy, and inadequate weight gain)

than other racial groups. The two Asian

subgroups with the smallest percent of

babies with low 1- and 5-minute Apgar

scores were Chinese and Japanese

mothers.

The findings regarding Apgar scores

and Hispanic origin are similar to those

for low birthweight (less than 2,500

grams); Hispanic infants tend to have

good birth outcomes despite the economic and educational disadvantages of

their mothers. Table 24 shows that the

percent of Apgar scores less than 7 was

lower for births to Hispanic mothers than

for births to non-Hispanic mothers. Births

to Cuban mothers had the lowest percent

of babies with 1- and 5-minute Apgar
scores less than 7 of any Hispanic

subpoup.

Abnormal conditions of the

newborn

The abnormal conditions of the newborn with the highest rates per 1,000 live

births in 1992 were assisted ventilation

less than 30 minutes, 15 per 1,000;

assisted ventilation 30 minutes or longer,

8 per 1,000; and hyaline membrane

disease/respiratory distress syndrome

(RDS), 6 per 1,000 (table 45).

Data for 1989-92 suggest substantial

underreporting on the birth certificate for

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Of over

15.2 million live births in 1989-92, there

were only 2,112 reported cases of FAS, a

rate of 0.14 cases per 1,000 live births.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Birth Defects Monitoring Program has estimated rates for FAS more

than twice that derived from the birth

certificate (64). FAS can be difficult to

recognize because of the subtlety of

facial malformations, the difficulty in

detecting some types of central nervous

system deficits, and because some of

these infants are of normal birthweight

(64). The identification of FAS often

occurs after the birth certificate has been

filed. Some physicians who suspect FAS

do not make the diagnosis (65) because

of the stigma associated with it. The

related annual costs for FAS have been

estimated to be $250 million, of which

nearly 60 percent is attributable to mental

retardation (66).

The rates for abnormal conditions in

1992, as in the previous 3 years, were

higher for black births than for white

births for all conditions except assisted

ventilation less than 30 minutes and birth

injuries. The highest rates by age for

anemia, hyaline membrane disease/RDS,

and assisted ventilation (both less than 30

minutes and 30 minutes or longer) were

for the youngest mothers (under 20 years

of age).

The highest rates of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), which is associated with increased neonatal morbidity

and mortality (67), were for the oldest

mothers (40-49 years of age). Of the

9,757 reported cases of MAS, 63 percent

also had meconium moderate/heavy

reported as a complication of labor and/or

delivery (tabular data not shown), There

is some debate about whether the

pathology of MAS is more closely related

to pennatal asphyxia than to meconiurn

itself (68,69).

Only one abnormal condition, birth

injury, had a lower rate among lowbirthweight infants (less than 2,500

grams) compared with infants weighing

2,500 grams or more. The rate of hyaline

membrane disease/RDS was far higher

for low-birthweight infants than for those

of higher weight (55 compared with 3 per

1,000 live births). There was a similar

large difference in rates by birthweight

for assisted ventilation 30 minutes or

longer (64 and 4 per 1,000 live births).

The rates of hyaline membrane

disease/RDS and assisted ventilation 30

minutes of longer also were far higher for

preterm births (less than 37 completed

weeks gestation) than for births with

longer gestation (tabular data not shown).

Assisted ventilation less than 30

minutes was the only condition with

noticeable differences by education of

mother (tabular data not shown here).

Mothers with O-8 years of education had

a rate of 9.3 per 1,000 live births compared with 15.5 for mothers with more

education. The lower level for mothers

with O-8 years of education is explained

in part by the high proportion who were

Hispanic (64 percent) and that the rate of

this condition for these Hispanic mothers

was 6.0 per 1,000. For non-Hispanic

white and non-Hispanic black mothers

with O-8 years of education, the rates

were 17.9 and 14.6 per 1,000,

respectively.

Congenital anomalies

Congenital anomalies are the leading

cause of infant mortality in the United

States and are also a major contributor to

childhood morbidity, long-term disability,

and years of potential life lost (70). Since

1989, information for some of the most

severe and common congenital anomalies

has been available from a checkbox item

on live birth certificates. The checkbox

format replaced a previously open-ended

question to improve completeness and

uniformity of reporting. However, even

this format does not ensure that all cases

of anomalies will be reported. A recent

study on the quality of reporting of

congenital anomalies on the new birth

certificate found that there is still substantial underreporting of some anomalies

(71). In 1992 the District of Columbia

and all States except New Mexico and

New York included a question on congenital anomalies on their birth certifi- ‘

cate. These areas included 92 percent of

the births in the United States.

Because many of the congenital

anomalies tracked on birth certificates

occur relatively infrequently, congenital

anomaly rates in this report are calculated

per 100,000 live births. Small yearly

changes in rates should be interpreted

with cautiow the number of births with a

specific anomaly for any one year may be

relatively small, and reporting practices

in some areas vary from year to year. The

terms “congenital anomalies” and “birth

defects” are used interchangeably in this

discussion.

For many of the anomalies reported

on birth certificates, rates vary widely

according to maternal age (table 46). For

anencephalus, spina bifidtimeningocele,

hydrocephalus, microcephalus, omphalocele/gastroschisis, and “Other” gastrointestinal anomalies, rates are generally

highest for teenagers and decline somewhat for births to older mothers. This

pattern is consistent with the decrease in

incidence of these anomalies with added

educational attainment (data not shown).

More commonly, however, rates of

congenital anomalies tend to increase for

older mothers. Notable examples are

Down’s syndrome and “Other” chromosomal anomalies. The rate of Down’s

syndrome for teenagers is 28.9, but

nearly doubles to 56.0 for women 30-34

years, and is 12 times as high for women

aged 40-49 years (343.0) as for teenagers. For “Other” chromosomal anomalies rates are 3.5 to 4 times as high for

women aged 40-49 years as for women

less than 35 years of age.

Anencephalus and spina bifida/meningocde are two of a class of neural tube

defects (NTD’s) reported on birth certificates. NTD’s are among the most frequently occurring birth defects that result

in infant mortality and serious disability

(72). In 1992 the rate of anencephalus

was 13.2 per 100,000 live births, and the

rate of spina bifidrdmeningocele, 22.8 per

100,000 live births (table 46), but these

rates are probably an underestimation of
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

the true occurrence (73). As noted earlier,

rates for these NTD’s decline with added

educational attainment. Other studies

have shown that women of lower socioeconomic status are at increased risk of

having children with NTD’s and that

nutritional factors might explain this link

(74). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has proposed that bread and grain

products be fortified with folic acid to

help women of childbearing age ingest

sticient folic acid for preventing N’I’D’s

(75).

Although the rate of infant mortality

due to birth defects is slightly higher for

black than for white births (70), congenital anomaly rates for live births are

higher for black than for white births for

only 4 of the 20 anomalies identified on

birth certificates (microcephalus, omphalocele/gastroschisis, “Other” gastrointestinal anomalies, and polydactyly/

syndactyly/adactyIy). The racial differential is particularly noticeable for

polydactyly/syndactyly/adactyly. For this

group of anomalies the rate for black

births was nearly four times as high as

the rate for white births (217.3 compared

with 58.8).

Multiple births

There were 99,255 babies born in

plural deliveries in 1992, a l-percent

increase over the 98,125 reported for

1991. (See table 47 for 1992 data.) The

number of live. births in twin deliveries

was essentially unchanged, at 95,372

compared with 94,779 for 1991, but the

number of live births in higher-order

multiple deliveries (triplets, quadruplets,

and quintuplets) rose sharply, from 3,346

to 3,883 births, an increase of 16 percent.

Increases were reported for live births in

triplet (3,130 to 3,555), quadruplet (203

to 310) and quintuplet deliveries (22 to

26) from the previous year. The elevated

frequency of plural births for 1992 is

attributable to the rise of these births

among mothers 30 years of age and older.

Modest increases of 2 percent were

noted in the multiple birth ratio (23.9 to

24.4 multiple births per 1,000 live births)

and twin birth ratio (23.1 to 23.5 twin

births per 1,000 live births) over 1991,

continuing the steady upward trend evident since 1972. (Because most multiple

births are twins, the multiple birth ratio

largely reflects the twinning ratio.) The

higher-order multiple birth ratio, however, which relates the number of triplet

and other higher-order multiple births per

100,000 live births, surpassed that of

1991 by 17 percent, rising from 81.4 to

95.5, the largest single-year increase in at

least 20 years. This ratio has risen dramatically since 1972, climbing from 27.8

to 40.3 in 1982 and more than doubling

over the latest 10-year period.

The multiple birth ratio increased

between 1991 and 1992 for white

mothers from 23.4 to 24.0 and for black

mothers from 27.8 to 28.2. Although the

black twin ratio remained higher than the

white twin ratio in 1992 (27.6 compared

with 23.0), the white higher-order multiple birth ratio (107.6) was twice as high

as the black ratio (53.6). During the

1970’s this ratio was actually higher for

black than for white mothers, but by the

early 1980’s rates for white mothers

began to exceed those for black mothers.

The escalation in higher-order birth ratios

has been associated with the increased

use of fertility-enhancing drugs, especially among white mothers, and a shift

toward older childbearing (76). A recent

study has found that prescriptions for the

drug most commonly prescribed for

infertility had increased nearly twofold

between 1973 and 1991, and that these

drugs were most commonly prescribed

for white females (77). Most of the

increase among black women has been

attributed to the upward shift in maternal

age (76).

Mother and child are both at

increased risk during a multiple pregnancy. Maternal risk is manifested in

elevated rates of medical risk factors

during pregnancy, such as anemia, hypertension, and eclampsia when compared

with mothers of singletons, Mothers of

multiple births also are much more likely

to have a breech or other malpresentation

and to deliver by cesarean section (78).

The risk to the infant in a multiple

birth is evidenced by the very high rates

of low birthweight (less than 2,500

grams) and preterm delivery (less than 37

completed weeks gestation) and the

heightened risk of infant mortality and

morbidity (79), The majority of multiple

births are low birthweight or very low

birthweight (less than 1,500 grams), and

the magnitude of risk increases as the

number of births in the delivery rises. For

1992, 51 percent of all twins and 91 percent of all triplets and higher-order plural

births were low birthweight compared

with 6 percent of single births. ‘The risk

of being born at very low birthweight was

10 times as high for twin births as for

single births (10 percent compared with

1 percent). Almost one of every three

triplets, or other higher-order births, were

very low birthweight (data not included

in this report). The lower birthweight is

due, in part, to the shorter gestational

period of plural births (one-half of all

plural births were preterm); but at each

gestational period, plural births are more

likely to be low birthweight (80).

References

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of new data from the

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National Center for Health Statistics.

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1990. Monthly vital statistics report; vol

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Ventura SJ, Trends and variations in first

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61. McCormick MC, Brooks-Gunn J,

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64. Centers for Disease Control. Fetal alcohol

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MMWR 42(17):33%41. 1993.

65. Morse BA, Idelson W& Sachs WH, et al.

Pediatricians’ perspectives on fetal

alcohol syndrome. J Substance Abuse

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66. Abel EL, Sokol RJ. A revised estimate of

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67. Hemandez C, Liffle BB, Dax JS, et al.

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subject. Am J Obstet Gynecol

166:171-83.1992.

69. Wlswell TE. Meconium aspiration syndrome made murkier [letter]. k J Obstet

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70. Lynberg MC, Khoury MJ. Contribution of

birth defects to infant mortality among

raciavethnic minority groups, United

States, 1983. CDC Surveillance Summary

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71. Piper JM, Mitchel EF, Snowden M, et al.

Validation of 1989 Termes.seebirth c@ificates using maternal and newborn hospital

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1993.

72. American College of Obstetricians and

Gynecologists: ACOG committee

Opinion No. 120. Folic acid for the prevention of recurrent neural tube defects.

Washington, D.C. 1993,

73. Centers for Disease Control. Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce

the number of cases of spina bifida and

other neural tube defects. MMWR

41(RR-14). 1992.

74. Mills JL, Raymond E. Effects of recent

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75. Food and Drug Administration. Food

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require addition of folic acid. Docket No.

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76. Kiely JL, Kleinrnan JC, Kiely M. Triplets

and higher-order multiple births Time

trends and infant mortality. AJDC

146:862+. 1992.

77. Wysowsky DK Use of fertility drugs in

the United States, 1973 through 1991.

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78. Taffel SM, Lewis CT. The risk of

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revised 1989 U.S. certificate of live birth.

Paper presented at the annual meeting of

the Anerican Public Health Association,

Washington, D.C. November 9, 1992.

79. Luke B, Keith LG. Tire contribution of

singletons, twins and triplets to low binth

weigh~ infant mortality and handicap in

the United States. J Reprod Medicine

37(8):661+ 1992.

80. Taffel SM. Health and demographic characteristic of twin bitihs: United States,

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81. Heuser RL. Race and ethnicity in U.S.

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the annual meeting of the American

Public Health Association, Chicago, Illinois. October 24, 1989.

82. Ventura SJ. U.S. fertility data by race:

New tabulations from NCHS. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the

American Public Health Association,

Washington, D.C. November 10, 1992.

83. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Age, sex,

race, and Hispanic origin information

from the 1990 census: A comparison of

census results with results where age and

race have been modified. 1990 CPHL-74. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department

of Commerce. 1991.

84. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1990 Census.

Unpublished tabulation.

85. Berkov B. An evaluation of California’s

inferred birth statistics for unmarried

women. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(97). 1985.

86. TaJTel SM. Trends in low birth weight,

United States, 1975-85. National Center

for Health Statistics. Wtal Health Stat

21(48). 1989.

87. Brockert JE, Stockbauer JW, Sermer JW,

et al.’ Recommended standard medical

definitions for the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, 1989 revision. Paper

presented at the amual meeting of the

Association for Wtal Records and Health

Statistics, Traverse City, Michigan, June

25-27, 1990.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1S94 ~ 27

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

— Quantityzero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but lees

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standardsof

reliabilii or precis.km(see

Teohnicalnotes)
28~ Monthly Vital StatisticsRepoft ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

List of tables

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Live births, birth rates, and fertility rates, by race: United

States, specified years 1940-55

and each year, 1960-92 . . . . . .

Live births by age of mother,

live-birth order, and race of

mother: United States, 1992. .

Birth rates by age of mother,

live-birth order, and race of

mothen United States, 1992 . .

Total fertility rates and birth

rates by age of mother and

race: United States, 1970-92. .

Birth rates by live-birth order

and race of mother: United

States, 1980-92 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by age of mother,

live-birth order, Hispanic

origin of mother, and by race

of mother for mothers of nonHispanic origin: Total of 49

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

Estimated birth rates by age of

mother, live-birth order, Hispanic origin of mother, and by

race of mother for mothers of

non-Hispanic origin: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by race of mother,

birth rates, and fertility rates:

United States and each State,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births by Hispanic origin

of mother and by race of

mother for mothers of nonHispanic origin: Total of 49

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

Total number of births, rates,

and percent of births with

selected demographic characteristics, by specified race of

mother: United States, 1992 . .

Total number of births, rates,

and percent of births with

selected demographic characteristics, by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother

for mothers of non-Hisuanic

origin: Total of 49 rep&ting

32

33

34

35

38

39

41

43

44

45

States and the Distfict o?

Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

12. Live births by race of mother

and observed and seasonally

adjusted birth and fertility

rates, by month: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Live births by day of week and

index of occurrence by method

of delivery, day of weelq and

race of mother: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number, rate, and ratio of

births to unmarried women by

age and race of mother: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates for unmarried

women by age of mother and

race: United States, 1970,

1975, and 1980-92 . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent of births

to unmarned women and

number and percent of births of

low birthweight, by race of

mothe~ United States and each

State, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rates by age and race of

father: United States, 1980-92.

Live births by educational

attainment of mother, by age

and race of mothe~ United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of live births and percent distribution by weight

gain during pregnancy and

median weight gain, according

to period of gestation and race

of mother: Total of 49

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

Pereent low birthweight by

weight gain during pregnancy,

period of gestation and race of

mother: Total of 49 reporting

States and the District of

Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of live births and percent distribution by weight

gain during pregnancy and

median weight gain, according

to period of gestation, Hispanic

origin of mother, and race of

mother for mothers of nonHispanic ongin: Total of 48

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

Percent low birthweight by

weight gain during pregnancy

and Hispanic origin of mother,

and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispanic

migin: Total of 48 reporting

States and the District of

Columbia, 1992 t.. .c @....@.

23.

47 24.

48

49 25.

26.

51

52

27.

53

28.

54

55

29.

56

30.

57 .

1

1

1

Percent of births with selected

medical or health characteristics, by specified race of

mother: United States, 1992 . .

Percent of births with selected

medieal or health characteristics, by Hispanic origin of

mother and by race of mother

for mothers of non-Hispanic

origin: Total of 49 reporting

States and the District of

Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births with selected

medical risk factors and rates

by age of mother, by race of

mother: United States, 19’92 . .

Number and rate of live births

with selected medical risk factors, complications of Iabor,

and obstetric procedures, by

spectied race of mother:

United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . .

Number and rate of live births

with seIected medical risk factors, complications of labor,

and obstetric procedures, by

Hispanic origin of mother and

by race of mother for mothers

of non-Hispanic origin: Total

of 49 reporting States and the

District of Columbia, 1992 . . .

Number of live births by

smoking status of mother, percent smokers, and percent distribution by average number of

cigarettes smoked by mothers

per day, according to age and

race of mother: Total af 46

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992, . . . . .

Number of live births by

smoking status of mother and

percent of mothers who

smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, by age and Hispanic

origin of mother and by race of

mother for mothers of nonFIispanic origin: Total of 45

reporting States and the Dis-

[rict of Columbia, 1992. , . . . .

Number of live births, percent

of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, and

percent distribution by average

number of cigarettes smoked

~y mothers per day, according

[o educational attainment and

lace of mother: Total of 46

57

58

59

60

61

62

63
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~ 29

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

31. Percent low birthweight by

smoking status, age, and race

of mothen Total of 46

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

32. Number of live births by

drinking status of mother, percent of mothers who drank

during pregnancy, and ‘percent

‘distribution by average number

of drinks per week, according

to age and race of mothe~

Total of 47 reporting States and

the District of Columbia, 1992.

33. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began and

percent of mothers beginning

care in the first trimester and

percent with late or no care, by

age and race of mother: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34. Percent of mothers beginning

prenatal care in the first trimester and percent of mothers

with late or no prenatal care by

race of mothec United States

and each State, 1992 . . . . . . . .

35. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began,

number of prenatal visits, and

median number of visits, by

race of mother: United States,

63 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36. Live births with selected

obstetric procedures and rates

by age of mother, by race of

mothe~ United States, 1992..

64 37. Live bifis with selected tom.

placations of labor andfor

delivery and rates by age of

mother, by race of mothe~

United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . .

38. LNe births by attendant, place

of delivery, and race of mothex

United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . .

65 39. Live births by method of

delivery and rates of cesarean

delivery and vaginal birth after

previous cesarean delivery, by

age and race of mothec United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40. Live births by method of

delivery and rates of cesarean

66 delivery and vaginal birth after

previous cesarean delivery, by

age and race of mothec United

States, 1989-92 . . . . . . . . . . . .

41. Rates of cesarean de~very and

vaginal birth after previous

67 marean delive~, by selected

medical risk factors, complications of labor andlor delivery,and

obstetric procedures: United

states, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42. Live births by birthweight and

68 percent very low and low birthweight, by period of gestation

and race of mother: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

69 43. Percent of live births preterm

and percent of live births of

low birthweight by race of

mothen united States,

1981–92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

70 44. Number and percent low birthweight and number of live

births by birthweight, by age

71 and race of mothec United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

45. Live births with selected

abnormal conditions of the

newborn and rates by age of

mother, by race of mother:

72 United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . 79

46. Live births with selected congenital anomalies and rates by

age of mother, by race of

mother: Total of 48 reporting

States and the District of

73 Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

47. Live births by plurality of birth

and ratios, by age and race of

mother: United States, 1992 . . 82

74
Guide to tables in Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics,. 1992

TAN-E

Page

Geqraphic area

States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

United states

orellreporting areas . . . . . . . . .

Years

Current yearonly . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Type of entry:

Number of births . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rates orothermeaeures . . . . . . .

Characteristics

Ageoffather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ageofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alcohol usa . . . . . . . . ...’....

Apgarewa... . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sirthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dayofweek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geetationalage . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I-fLspaniooriginofmother . . . . . . .

Intervataincelsatlivebkth..... .

Live-birthorder . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mediial riskfastors . . . . . . . . . . .

Methodofdelivety . . . . . . . . . . .

Monthofbirth . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nativiiofmother . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prenstafcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceoffather . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sexofchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tobscmuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unmsrrfecmofhers. . . . . . . . . . .

Weight gain during pregnancy. . . .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1; 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 ** 23 24 25

32 33 34 35 36 39 41 # @ & 46 & 47 46 49 51 52 53 54 55 58 57 ~~ se 59

8 9 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 *.2 23 24 .25 I

2 3 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 g

1 4 5 15 17

3

s

z

1 2 6 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 21 25 s

1 3 4 5 7 6

~

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

#

=

17 ~

2 3 4 6 7 10 11 14 15 16 E

25 @

23 24 a

23 24

f

16 20

a

22 2%3 24

13 ;

10 11 16

;

19 20 21 23 24

6 7 9 11 21 22 24

10 11

2 3 5 6 7 10 11 ●

25

8

13 23 24 0

m

12

~

10 11 “N

A

23 24

17 ?!

11 12 13 14 5 26 27 16 Zg sir) 211 12 13 ,4 ,5 ,6 18 19 20 221 222 323 Z24 25

10 11

23 24

10 11 14 15 16

19 20 21 22 23 24
TA6LE

Pagw

Geographic area

States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

United States

orailraporting areas . . . . . . . . . . .

Yeaffi

Currant yearonly . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Typa of entry:

Numbsrofbirlhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rates orothermeasures ., . . . . . . .

Charaoteristioa

Abnorrnef conditions of newborn. . . . .

Ageofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alwhol use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Attendant at birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sirlhweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Complications oflabor . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . .

Eduostion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,

Gestationalage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic originofmother . . . . . . . . .

Madical riskfaofors . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Methodofdelivety . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obstetricprocadures . . . . . . . . . . . .

Piaceofdelivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multiplebitihs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prenatal sftre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tobacsouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

so 61 62 83 83 64 65 88 67 83 88 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 82

34

26 27 28 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

26 27 28 29 30 3i 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39 41 42 44 45 46 47

40 43

26 27 28 29 30 32 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

45

28 29 31 32 33 38 37 39 44 45 46 47

32

38

31 42 43 44

26 27 37 41

46

30

42 43

27 29

26 27 41

38 40 41

26 27 36 41

38

47

33 34 35

328 227 28 !229 3(3 31 32 rJfJ 34 35 36 37 36 39 4(J 42 43 44 45 46 47

28 29 30 31 I

iii

‘Includaa Amerisan Indlsn snd Man or PrIcK.2 Islsnder.

2No+vHlspanic origin only.

sl~”de American Indian, Chlnass, Japanese, Hswailan, Filiplf10 end other &.ian Of Pacitic Islander.
32 ~ Monthly Wtal Statistics Repotio Vol. @, No.5(S) oOctober25, l9W ~

Table 1. Live births, birth rates, and fertility rates, by race: United States, specified yeara 1S40-55 and each year, 19S0-92

[6irth rates are live births per 1,000 population in specified group. Fertility rates per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years m apeoifiad group. Population enumerated as of

Apnll forcensus years andestimated asof Julyl brallother y~m. BWinning wfih1970, exolud~blhb to~nreaide~ &tie Untid~tea]

Number Birth rate Fedility rate

A3isrr or Asian or

All

Asian or

American Pacific All American Pacri7c Ail

Year

American Pachic

raoes 1 White Black lndian2 Islander racesl White Black krdian2 \alander raoesi White Black lndisr)2 Islander

Registered births

Race of mothec

1692 . . . . . . . .

1861 . . . . . . . .

1990. <......

1989, . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . .

1988, . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . .

19843 . . . . . . .

19833 .,.....

19823 . . . . . . .

1981s . . . . . . .

19803 . . . . . . .

4,065,014

4,110,907

4,158,212

4,040,968

3,909,510

3,809,394

3,758,647

3,760,561

3,669,141

3,638,933

3,660,537

3,629,288

3,612,258

3,201,678

3,241,273

3,280,273

3,192,355

3,102,083

3,043,828

3,019,175

3,037,913

2,867,100

2,948,458

2,984,817

2,947,679

2,936,351

673,633

682,602

684,336

673,124

638,662

611,173

592,910

581,824

568,138

562,624

5S@506

564,855

568,080

39,453

36,841

39,051

39,478

37,086

35,322

34,189

34,037

33,258

32,881

32,436

29,668

29,388

150,250

145,372

141,635

133,075

129,035

116,S30

107,797

104,806

98,926

95,713

63,193

64,553

74,355

15.9

18.3

16.7

16.4

16.0

15.7

15.6

15.6

15.6

15.6

15.9

15.8

15.9

15.0

15.4

15.6

15.4

15.0

14.9

14.6

15.0

14.8

14.6

15.1

15.0

15.1

21.3

21.9

22.4

22.3

21.5

20.8

20.5

20.4

20.1

20.2

20.7

20.8

21.3

18.4

18.3

18.9

19.7

19.3

19.1

19.2

19.8

20.1

20.6

21.1

20.0

20.7

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

18.0

18.2

19.0

18.7

19.2

18.4

18.0

18.7

18.8

19.5

20.3

20.1

19.9

---

-..

.-.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

68.9

68.6

70.9

69.2

67.3

65.8

65.4

66.3

86.5

65.7

67.3

67.3

66.4

68.4

67.2

65.5

66.8

65.0

66.0

67.8

68.6

73.1

81,6

87.9

86.1

85.2

67.2

80.8

86.3

104.7

106.3

112.0

117.1

118.0

116.3

108.2

85.9

78.9

66.5

67.0

68.3

66.4

64.5

83.3

63.1

64.1

63.2

63.4

84.8

64.8

65.6

83.2

85.2

86.8

86.2

62.6

60.1

76.9

76.8

78.2

78.7

80.9

82.0

84.7

75.4

75.1

76.2

79.0

76.6

75.6

75.9

78.6

79.8

81.8

63.6

79.6

62.7

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

67.2

67.6

69.6

68.2

70.2

67.1

66.0

68.4

69.2

71.7

74.6

73.7

73.2

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Race of child

19803 ...,... 3,612,263 2,898,732 589,616

19793 . . . . . . . 3,494,398 2,606,420 577,865

19763 . . . . . . . 3,883,279 2,681,116 551,640

i9775 . . . . . . . 3,326,632 2,691,070 544,221

1976s . . . . . . . 3,187,788 2,S37,614 514,479

19753 ...,... 3,144,196 2,551,996 511,561

19743 . . . . . . . 3,159,968 2,575,792 607,162

19733 ..,.... 3,136,866 2,551,030 512,597

19723 . . . . . . . 3,258,411 2,655,568 531,328

19714, . . . . . . 3,665,970 2,919,746 554,86CI

19704 . . . . . . . 3,731,366 3,091,264 572,362

10694 . . . . . . . 3,600,206 2,883,614 543,132

18664 . . . . . . . 3,501,564 2,912,224 531,152

19675 . . . . . . . 3,520,959 2,922,502 548,976

36,797

S4,269

88,180

80,S30

29,009

27,546

26,631

26,484

27,868

27,148

26,864

24,006

24,166

22,266

15.9

15.6

15.0

15.1

14.6

14.6

14.6

14.8

15.6

17.2

18.4

17.9

17.6

17.8

16.4

19.4

21.1

21.7

22.4

23.3

23.7

14.9

14.5

14.0

14.1

13.6

13.6

13.9

13.8

14.5

16.1

17.4

16.9

16.6

16.8

17.4

18.3

20.0

20.7

21.4

22.2

22.7

22.1

22.0

21.3

21.4

20.5

20.7

20.8

21,4

22,5

24.4

25.3

24.4

24.2

26.1

26.2

27,7

26.5

. . .

. . .

. . .

31.9

64.7

63.4

61.7

83.2

61.5

62.5

64.2

64.9

68.9

77,3

84.1

82.2

81.3

82.6

86.2

91.3

98.8

103,6

107.5

112.3

113.2

88.1

88.3

86.7

68.1

65.8

87.9

89.7

93.6

89.9

106.7

115.4

112.1

112.7

118,5

124,7

133.2

142.6

. . .

. . .

. . .

153.5

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

18664.

18654.

16644.

18634,6

18624,6

19614.

18604.

. . . . . 3,606,274 2,983,230 558,244 23,014

. . . . . 3,760,358 3,123,860 581,126 24,066

. . . . . 4,027,490 3,889,160 607,556 24,382

. . . . . 4,088,020 3,326,344 580,668 22,358

. . . . . 4,167,362 3,384,068 564,610 21,866

. . . . . 4,266,326 3,800,884 611,072 21,464

. ..., 4,257,660 3,600,744 602,264 21,114

Sirths adjusted

for

underregistration

Race of child:

1955 . . . . . . . . 4,097,000 3,465,000 --- ---

1950 . . . . . . . . 3,632,000 3,108,000 --- ---

1945 . . . . . . . . 2,858,000 2,471,000 --- ---

1940 . . . . . . . . 2,559,000 2,199,0041 --- ---

25.0

24.1

20,4

19.4

23.8

23.0

19.7

18.6

113.7

102.3

62.4

77.1

. . .

.-.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

1FCH1SS0-S1 includ6s births to rsces not shown aeosrateiv see Technical not6s.

21ncludes births to Aleuts find Eskimos.

.

33ss~ ~ Iw prmnt of Mm inSSISCWJ 6tstes and on a 50-psrcent sample of births in sIl other 8MSS 3es TdnA=4 *.

46ssed on a m-r)ercent sanmle of births

53a5ed on a 20-” to 50-pw%t sample of births.

e~wur~ by race exclude dats fOrNewJsrsw
Table 2. Live births by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mothec United States, 1992

[Live-bidh order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age of moi%ar

15-19 years

Liv&birth order and All Under 15 16 17 18 19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4044 45-49

race of mother ages 15 years Total years years years years years years years years years years years

All races . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 I 2,220

tl ,702

79

31

7

79

5,367

5,165

153

15

5

—

29

6,446

6,157

227

14

1

49

169

161

6

1

1

236

219

15

2

138,663 179,203

100,312 116,653

30,410 46,210

6,383 12,696

953 2,529

86 373

12 4s

4 7

2 4

542 6S6

95,949 126,004

1,070,490

486,541

858,332

147,649

47,120

13,604

3,582

800

840

4,422

814,422

400,407

275,205

10+3,837

26,e54

6,150

1,313

275

147

3,034

216,057

76,603

88,367

41,344

18,028

6,608

1,973

545

16s

1,201

12,859

4,354

4,380

2,612

1,W32

362

107

2s

13

56

27,052

14,977

7,410

2,756

1,056

464

189

57

12

131

505,415 29,267 60,136 98,148 1,179,264 S395,271 344,644 55,702 2,008

375,145 27,087 52,448 78,650 426,590

412,801

236,102

316,73S

195,374

73,264

107,012

79,527

41,099

19,565

9,916

5,344

6,994

1,908

10,746

14,040

11,146

7,349

4,339

2,603

1,735

3,404

388

Fhstchild. . . . . . . . .

Semnd child . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . .

Ftihchild . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over . .

Notstatsd . . . . . . . . .

1,532,448 33s

1,311,397

665,150

260,751

98,44S

41,066

16,512

18,787

18,455

101,656

22,162

3,788

508

59

11

6

2,067

342,739

267,036

62,426

10,475

1,339

150

20

3

5

1,263

146,800

96,530

36,033

10,878

2,271

328

37

6

1

714

7,708

5,516

1,6s3

396

62

10

39

8,166

6,061

1,516

411

127

20

2

31

6,748 317

624

45

7

2

16,371

2,407

264

27

2

102

8

6

323

78,866

28,073

10,441

3,806

2,26S

5,282

251

212

125

108

316

20

1,571

287

262

262

200

170

63

71

32,147

14,340

6,510

5,456

140 272 425 4,344

White. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,201,678 15,986

15,154

699

34

3

37,256 65,564

55,317

8,980

930

70

7

1

864,586 745,510 282,617 44,866

First child . . . . . . . . .

Secmdchild . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . .

Ffihchild . . . . . . . . .

Sirdh child . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . .

Fwrthctrild . . . . . . . .

Fflh child .,.......

SMhchild.. . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . .

American Indianl. . . . .

First child, . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over . .

Notslated . . . . . . . . .

Asian or

Pacific Islander. . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . .

Ffihchild . . . . . . . . .

SMhchild. . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . .

73,945

18,586

2,748

297

29

4

1

2

337

38,362

23,269

10,872

3,355

603

64

7

3

192

2,106

1,4txl

516

105

15

10

2,246

1,638

4s6

125

41

2

1

3

66,911

31,017

6,542

956

110

13

2

3

460

45,4s6

24,053

13,741

5,702

1,45s

237

29

5

1

210

2,596

1,539

750

242

44

10

13

3,165

2,150

702

210

71

16

1

15

1,307,908

1,058,557

517,417

130,948

66,286

26,130

11,356

11,535

13,531

673,633

246,2EJJ

196,016

120,452

58,038

26,459

11,8LW

5,463

5,086

3,989

39,458

12,6S4

10,404

7,215

4,274

2,327

1,16s

535

516

1s5

150,250

65,456

48,42U

20,066

7,491

3,426

1,653

i,lsa

1,650

750

38,711

3,144

221

16

1

2

353,040 200,704

346,310 2?1 ,201

167,205 183,S51

57,830 65,717

17,868 23,855

5,690 9,86S

1,795 4,117

663 2,965

3,975 3,412

157,960 100,389

62,286 9,031

69,342 11,658

65,653

88,056

14,965

7,259

3,788

4,785

1,510

38,388

5,919

10,045

9,062

5,341

3,501

2,006

1,127

1,487

273

2,406

202

392

469

422

351

223

128

1s5

13

20,232

4,927

7,233

4,303

1,867

748

426

280

537

101

9,019

5,834

3,286

1,957

1,2?s7

2,510

272

6,453

8&6

1,297

1,307

1,026

747

425

220

76 161

—

259 16

187

21

30

34

25

19

18

10

27

3

11

3

4

1

1

—

2

239

27

21

27

25

22

24

25

67

1

29,600

21,002

12,432

11,133

20,970

40,467

49,S82

34,365

17,521

8,470

3,S82

1,707

1,122

1,014

9,825

1,78s

2,711

2,324

1,567

78s

375

145

62

44

46,833

28,285

14,496

5,012

1,946

946

484

259

202

249

19,4s7

29,615

23,398

13,225

6,7S6

3,517

1,802

1,821

66s

5,928

772

1,231

1,327

1,06s

713

402

210

179

28

43,494

15,139

16,689

6,78S

2,253

983

553

381

473

215

17,073

1,167

63

6

3

64)

455

428

24

1

2

414

372

34

4

2

2

3,386

367

23

6

6,865

1,391

164

16

1

264

103

—

460

149 41

447

28

47

65

74

71

5s

28

75

3

3,936

821

1,038

757

415

233

185

126

1,004

6s5

99

15

2

1,545

1,204

294

35

1

3 11

1,437

774

102

21

4

1,127

242

51

9

2

359

5 6 22

lImIUCJSSbirthsto Aleutsad Eskimos.
Table 3. Birth rates by age of mother, live-birth order, and race of mother: United States, 1992

[Rates are live births par 1,000 women in specified age and racial group. Live-birth order refers to number of children born a~we to mother]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Live-birth order and 1544 10-14 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34

race of mother

35-39 40-44 4549

years 1 years Total years years years yaars years years years years

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,%stchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Semndchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

!%hchild.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth and seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child andover . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%dhandssventhohild . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secmd child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bixthand seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

Americsn lndianz . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secundchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixthandseventhchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . .

Asian orPacificlslander. . . . . . . . .

Firstchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secandchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ffih child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixfhand ssventhchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

68.9

27.8

22.3

11.3

4.4

1.7

1.0

0.3

66.5

27.3

22.0

10.8

4.0

1.4

0.8

0.2

83.2

30.6

24.3

15.0

7.2

3.3

2.2

0.6

75.4

24.6

20.0

13.8

8.2

4.5

3.3

1.0

67.2

29.4

2t.8

9.0

3.4

1.5

1.3

0.7

1.4

1.3

0.0

0.0

*

*

●

*

0.6

0.7

0.0

●

●

●

●

*

4.7

4.5

0.2

●

*

*

●

*

1.6

1.5

*

●

*

●

*

*

0.7

0.7

*

*

●

*

●

*

60.7

45.3

12.3

2.7

0.5

0.1

0.0

●

51.8

40.5

9.5

1.6

0.2

0.0

0.0

*

112.4

74.3

27.7

6.4

1.7

0.3

0.0

*

64.4

60.7

18.5

4.4

0.7

●

●

*

26.6

19.8

4.9

1.3

0.4

0.1

*

*

37.6

32.0

5.1

0.6

0.1

0.0

●

●

30.1

26.5

3.3

0.3

0.0

●

*

●

81.3

83.8

14.8

2.4

0.3

0.0

●

*

53.8

45.3

7.5

0.9

*

●

*

*

15.2

12.6

2.1

0.4

●

●

*

*

84.5

64.7

22.9

5.7

1.0

0.1

0.0

*

63.6

61.1

18.6

3.5

0.5

0.1

0.0

*

157.9

89.6

46.6

17.1

3.9

0.6

0.1

*

132.6

65.0

35.9

9.8

1.7

*

*

●

43.1

30.2

9.1

2.7

0.9

*

●

*

114.6

53.4

38.3

15.9

5.1

1.5

0.5

0.0

106.2

53.4

36.7

13.5

3.6

0.8

0.2

0.0

156.0

58.5

51.0

30.4

13.3

4.9

1.9

0.1

145.5

49.1

46.8

29.5

12.2

4.3

1.5

*

74.6

41.5

20.5

7.6

2.9

1.3

0.7

*

117.4

42.8

41.3

20.9

7.9

2.6

1.4

0.2

118.4

44.7

42.7

20.6

7.1

2.2

0.9

0.1

111.2

28.7

35.0

24.4

12.4

6.0

4.0

0.8

108.4

20.1

30.3

26.0

17.5

8.9

5.8

0.7

121.0

60.4

37.6

13.0

5.1

2.5

2.0

0.5

80.2

21.2

28.7

17.6

7.4

2.9

1.9

0.5

81.4

22.0

29,7

16.0

7.2

2.6

1.5

0.3

67.5

13.2

20.1

15.8

9.0

4.6

3.6

1.2

63.0

8.2

13.1

14.2

11.4

7.6

6.5

1.9

103.0

36.0

39.7

16.2

5.4

2.4

2.2

1.1

32.5

6.9

10.1

7.5

3.9

‘1.9

1.4

0.7

32.2

7.1

10.2

7.5

3.8

1.7

1.3

0.5

28.8

4.4

7.4

6.7

4.4

2.6

2.3

1.1

28.0

2.4

4.6

5.7

4.9

4.1

4.1

2.2

50.6

12.4

18.2

10.8

4.2

1.9

1.8

1,4

5.$)

1.1

1.5

1.2

0.8

0.5

(J.q

0.4

5.7

1.1

1.!5

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

5.6

0.8

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.4

6.1

0.4

0.6

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.0

11.0

2.3

2.9

2.1

1.2

0.7

0.8

1.0’

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

●

0.0

0.0

*

●

●

●

*

*

●

*

0.9

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

lRatescompwed byrela’ngtotalbir!hs, regsrdleaeofage ofmother,towomen agedl%44yesre.

?InctudesbirthstoAISIJS~ Eski~.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report e Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Ootober 25, 1994 ~ 35

Table 4. Total fertlllty rates and birth rates by age of mother and racw United States, 1970-92

Total fertility rates are sums & birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. 6irth retea are live births per 1,000 women in specified group enumerated as of April 1

for 1970, 1360, and 18S0, and e~”mated as of July 1 for all other yeara]

Age of mother

16-19 years

Total

fertility 10-14 15-17 16-19 20-24 25-28 30-34

YW errd ram

5S39 4044 4548

rate years . Total years years years years years years years years

All races 1

1682 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1366 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1665 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

18622 : : : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19792 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 ..., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

19742 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19732 . ..0.... . . . . . . . . ,..,

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19713 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<,.

V/Me

Raoe ofmothec

1882, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1680. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s63. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867. . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . .

1866. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~2.mm,.,t............

18632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f9802 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raoeofchild:

18602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19792 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19782 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19742 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19732 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

seefOOtnctssarendoftsbla

2,065.0

2,073.0

2,061.0

2,014.0

1,s34.0

1,S72.0

1,637.5

1,644.0

1,606.5

1,768.0

1,627.5

1,812.0

1,639.5

1,608.0

1,760.0

1,789.5

1,736.0

1,774.0

1,635.0

1,87S.0

2,010.0

2,266.5

2,4s0.0

1,883.5

1,885.5

2,003,0

1,s31 .0

1,6543.5

1,604.5

1,776.0

1,787.0

1,743.5

1,740.5

i ,767.0

1,746.0

i,773.o

1,746.5

1,715.5

1,867.5

1,703.0

1,652.0

1,686.0

1,746.5

1,763.0

1,806.5

2,160.5

2,365.0

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

W.7

62.1

59.9

57.3

53.0

60.6

50.2

51.0

50.6

51.4

52.4

52.2

53.0

52.3

51.5

52.8

52.6

56.6

57.5

59.3

61.7

64.5

66.3

51.8

52.8

50.8

47.9

44.4

42.5

42.3

43.3

42.9

43.9

45.0

44.9

45.4

44.7

43.7

42.9

44.1

44.1

46.4

47.9

49.0

51.0

53.6

57.4

37.8

36.7

37.5

36.4

33.6

31.7

30.5

31.0

31.0

31.8

32.3

32.0

32.5

32.3

32.2

33.9

34.1

36.1

37.3

36.5

36.0

36.2

36.s

30.1

30.7

23.5

28.1

26.0

24.6

23.8

24.4

24.3

25.0

25.5

25.4

25.5

25.2

24.7

24.9

26.1

26.3

28.0

28.7

23.2

29.3

28.5

29.2

34.5

34.4

66.6

64.2

79.9

7s.5

79.6

79.6

77.4

77.4

79.4

60.0

82.1

S1.3

79.8

60.9

60.5

65.0

66.7

91.2

86.9

105.3

114.7

63.8

63.5

78.0

72.9

63.6

66.9

70.1

70.4

66.4

66.8

70.s

71.5

73.2

72.1

71.0

69.4

70.5

70.2

74.0

77.3

79.3

64.3

82.3

101.5

114.6

115.7

116.5

113.8

110.2

107.9

107.4

106.3

106.8

107.8

111.6

112.2

115.1

112.s

108.9

112.9

110.3

113.0

117.7

119.7

130.2

150.1

167.8

106.2

109.0

108.6

106.9

103.7

102.3

102.7

104.1

102.7

103.8

107.7

106.3

111.1

109.5

107.0

104.1

107.7

105.3

106.2

113.0

114.4

124.8

144.9

163.4

117.4

118.2

120.2

117.6

114.4

111.8

103.s

111.0

108.7

108.5

111.0

111.5

112.9

111.4

108.5

111.0

106.2

106.2

111.5

112.2

117.7

134.1

145.1

11S.4

118.8

120.7

117.8

114.s

112.3

110.8

112.3

108.8

102.4

111.9

112.3

113.8

112.4

110.8

107.9

110.9

105.9

108.1

111.6

112.3

117.4

134.0

145.9

80.2

79.5

80.8

77.4

74.8

72.1

70.1

69.1

67.0

64.9

64.1

61.4

61 .S

60.3

57.8

56.4

53.6

52.3

53.s

55.6

59.8

67.3

73.3

S1.4

60.5

61.7

7s.1

75.4

73.0

70.9

69.9

67.7

65.3

64.0

61.0

61.2

60.4

59.0

56.6

55.3

52.6

51.3

52.9

54.4

56.4

65.4

71.9

32.5

32.0

31.7

28.9

26.1

26.3

24.4

24.0

22.9

22.0

21.2

20.0

19.8

19.5

19.0

19.2

19.0

19.5

20.2

22.1

24.6

28.7

31.7

32,2

31.8

31.5

29.7

27.7

25.9

23.9

23.3

22.2

21.3

20.4

19.0

18.6

18.5

18.3

17.7

18.0

17.s

18.2

18.9

20.7

23.3

26.9

30.0

5.9

5.5

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.6

4.8

5.4

6.2

7.1

6.1

5.7

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.5

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.4

4.9

5.6

6.4

7.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0!2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4
Table 4. Total fertillty rates and birth rates by age of mother and race United Statea, 197&9240n.

Total fertility rates are sums of birIh retas for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. Birth rates are live births per 1,000 women in specified group enumerated se of April 1

for 1970, 1980, and 1290, and estimated as of July 1 for all other years]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Total

fertility 10-14 1s-17 16-19 20-24

Year and race

25-29 30-34 35-39 4LW4 45-49

rate years Total years years years years years years years years

Black

Race of mothec

1692 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1691 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1690 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19842 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19802 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child

19802 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19792 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19782 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19772 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19762 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19752 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19742 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19732 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19703 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

American Indian 4

Raceofmothec

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

19802. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seefo02nctassfend offsble.

2,442.0

2,460.0

2,480.0

2,432.5

2,286.0

2,196.0

2,135.5

2,109.0

2,070.5

2,066.0

2,106.5

2,117.5

2,176.5

2,266.0

2,263.2

2,218.0

2,251.0

2,187.0

2,243.0

2,286.5

2,411.0

2,601.0

2,902.0

3,0S9.5

2,190.0

2,169.0

2,163.0

2,247.0

2,153.5

2,088.0

2,062.0

2,128.0

2,136.0

2,180.5

2,213.0

2,090.0

2,162.5

4.7

4.8

4.9

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.2

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.4

2.1

1.9

112.4

115.5

112.8

111.5

102.7

97.6

95.6

95.4

94.1

93.9

94.3

24.5

97.8

100.0

101.7

100.9

104.7

104.9

111.8

116.5

123.1

128.8

134.5

140.7

64.4

65.0

61.1

82.7,

77.5

77.2

78.1

79.2

81.5

64.2

83.5

78.4

82.2

81.3

64.1

62.3

81.9

75.7

72.1

69.3

69.3

69.2

69.6

68.7

69.3

72.5

73.6

75.7

75.0

79.6

80.3

85.6

90.0

86.0

99.5

99.4

101.4

53.6

52.7

48.5

51.6

49.7

48.6

46.7

47.7

50.7

55.2

52.6

49.7

51.5

157.9

166.6

152.9

151.9

142.7

135.8

135.1

132.4

126.1

127.1

128.9

131.0

135.1

136.8

140.4

139.7

142.9

142.5

152.4

156.7

166.6

179.5

192.6

204.9

132.6

134.3

129.3

128.9

121.1

122.2

125.3

124.1

124.7

121.4

127.6

121.5

129.5

156.0

160.9

160.2

156.8

149.7

142.7

137.3

136.0

132.2

131.9

135.4

136.5

140.0

146.3

146.3

143.6

144.4

140.5

142.8

146.7

153.1

165.0

166.6

202.7

145.5

144.9

148.7

152.4

145.2

140.0

138.6

139.1

142.4

145.5

148.1

141.2

143.7

111.2

113.1

115.5

114.4

108.2

104.3

101.1

100.2

98.4

98.4

101.3

102.3

103.9

109.1

108.2

105.4

106.4

101.6

102.2

102.2

103.9

112.4

126.0

136.3

109.4

106.9

110.3

114.2

110.9

107.9

107.9

109.6

109.2

113.7

115.8

105.6

106.6

67.5

67.7

66.7

66.3

63.1

60.6

59.3

57.9

56.7

56.2

57.5

57.4

59.9

62.9

60.7

58.3

57.5

53.6

53.1

54.1

58.1

64.0

74.8

79.6

63.0

61.9

61.5

64.6

64.5

63.0

60.7

62.6

60.5

56.9

60.9

58.9

61.8

28.8

28.3

28.1

26.7

25.6

24.6

23.8

23.9

23.3

23.3

23.3

23.1

23.5

24,5

24.7

24.3

25.4

24.8

25.6

27.0

29.4

33.4

38.9

41.9

28.0

27.2

27.5

27.4

25.6

24.4

23.8

27.4

26.3

25.5

26.9

25.2

28.1

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.8

5.1

5.1

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.1

6.6

6.8

7.5

7.6

8.6

9.8

11.6

12.5

6.1

5.9

5.9

6.4

5.3

5.6

5.3

6.0

5.6

6.4

6.0

6.6

8.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.0

●

0.4

●

●

●

*

●

*

*

*

●

*

*
Table 4. Total fertility rates and birth ratea by age of mother and recw United States, 1970-92<on.

~atal fertilii rates are sums of birth rates for 5-year age groups multiplied by 5. 8irth rates era Iiie births per 1,000 women in speoified group enumerated as of April 1

for 1970.1980, and 1860, and estimated as of Juiy 1 for all ether years]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Totaf

Millly 10-14 15-17 18-19 20-44 25-2930-3433--3940-44 ~

Ymr and race rate years Total years yeara years year3 years pars years years

Asian or Pacific Islander

Race of mdher:

1922 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1680 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~2...t<...--.........

1,942.0

1,956.0

2,002.5

1,947.5

1,963.5

1,666.0

1,636.0

1,665.0

1,892.0

1,843.5

2,015.5

1;976.0

1,8s3.5

0.7 26.6 15.2 43.1 74.6 121.0 103.0 50.6 11.0 0.9

0.8 27.4 16.1 43.1 75.2 123.2 103.3 49.0 11.2 0.8

0.7 26.4 16.0 40.2 79.2 126.3 106.5 49.6 10.7 1.1

0.6 25.8 15.0 40.4 78.8 124.0 1023 47.0 10.2 1.0

0.6 24.2 13.6 39.6 60.7 128.0 104.4 47.5 10.3 1.0

0.6 22.4 12.6 37.0 79.7 122.7 97.0 44.2 9.5 1.1

0.5 22.8 12.1 36.8 79.2 119.9 92.6 41.9 9.3 1.0

0.4 23.6 12.5 40.8 63.6 123.0 63.6 42.7 6.7 1.2

0.5 24.2 12.6 40.7 66.7 124.3 92.4 40.6 6.7 1.0

0.5 26.1 12.9 44.5 94.0 126.2 93.3 39.4 8.2 1.0

0.4 28.4 14.0 50.6 98.9 130.9 24.4 39.2 8.8 1.1

0.3 28.5 13.4 49.5 86.4 129.1 93.4 36.0 8.6 0.9

0.3 26.2 12.0 46.2 93.3 127.4 96.0 3a.3 8.5 0.7

lFor 1970-S1 imludss btiS to races not shown separately see Techrkal notes.

26asedon lmp+mmtoft itiinselected 8tatesand ma~tsampbof kirtheinarl*_*T~*

36ESEd ons m-percenr sernple Of bib.

%cludss birh to AlE@5 and ESkhOS.
Table 5. Birth ratea by live-birth order and race of mothe~ Unitad States, 1980-92

[Rates are live births per 1,000 women agad 15-44 years, enumerated as of April 1 for 1960 and 1880, and estimated aa of July 1 for ail other years. I&e-birth order

refers to number of children born alive to mother. Figures for live-birth order not stated are diatribut@

tive-bifh order

Year and race of mother Total f 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 8 and over

All raoea 1

1882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1690 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . ..<...... . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~2.................. . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whte

1382 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19342..<.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19602 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1680 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l~z.......,,.,....,... .

88.9

69.6

70.8

69.2

67.3

65.8

65.4

66.3

65.5

65.7

67.3

67.3

66.4

66.5

67.0

66.3

88.4

64.5

63.3

63.1

64.1

63.2

63.4

64.8

64.8

65.6

63.2

65.2

86.8

86.2

62.6

80.1

78.9

78.8

76.1

76.7

80.9

82.0

64.9

27.8

28.3

23.0

26.4

27.6

27.2

27.2

27.6

27.4

27.8

26.6

29.0

29.5

27.3

27.8

26.4

27.6

28.8

26.5

26.6

27.0

26.8

27.2

28.0

28.4

28.6

30.6

31.5

32.4

32.9

31.8

31.2

31.0

31.0

30.9

31.1

31.7

32.3

33.7

22.3

22.4

22.8

22.4

22.0

21.6

21.6

22.0

21.7

21.5

22.0

21.6

21.8

22.0

22.0

22.4

21.8

21.6

21.3

21.3

21.8

21.4

21.2

21.6

21.1

21.3

24.3

25.0

25.6

26.4

24.6

23.8

23.4

23.4

23.0

23.1

23.9

24.2

24.7

11.3

11.4

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.5

10.3

10.4

10.1

10.1

10.2

10.1

10.3

10.8

10.8

11.1

10.7

10.4

10.0

9.8

9.9

9.6

9.5

9.6

9.5

9.6

15.0

15.4

15.6

15.3

14.4

13.9

13.5

13.4

13.2

13.2

13.8

13.7

14.0

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

7.2

7.4

7.4

7.1

6.6

6.3

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.1

8.3

6.3

6.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1!5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1,2

1.2

1.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.6

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

l[nc[wesramoti thantiiteandbhck.

2B2~~l~-nt Ofb]tiinxww statasmdcsratio-~nt sempleofbkthsin aIldtv3rStie$6ea Tadmicdnotea.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~ 39

Table6. Livebirthsby ageof mother,live-birthorder,Hispanicoriginof mother,and by reoaof motherfor mothersof non-Hispanic

origin:Totelof 49 repotiingStatesandtheDistrictof Columbia,1992

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Includes births with ateted origin of mother only]

15-19 Yeats

Live-birth order and All Under 15 16 17 18 19 20-24 25-2S 3(A34 35-3940- W45-49

origin of mother ages 15 years Tofal years yearn years years years years years years years years years

Hispanic

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fkatchild. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Semnd child . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftichild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . .

Notetetad . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sacond child . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ffih child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . .

Eghth child and OVW . . . . . .

Notatatad . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Puerto Fiicsn . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sacondctrild . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftichild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sevanth child . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Semndchild . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth chiid . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover.. . . . .

Notetetad . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Se8 foobmtesat andoftsble.

643,271

241,894

186,608

114,547

54,735

23,382

10,307

4,676

4,371

2,753

432,047

159,943

122,052

77,645

39,208

17,485

7,ss9

3,641

3,519

737

59,5&r

22,813

17,519

10,493

4,576

1,ss8

762

325

267

971

11,472

4,877

4,081

1,744

50s

154

57

27

13

31

2,715 107,421

38

8

3

12

1,828

1,7s3

55

6

2

—

2

403

364

11

1

1

6

22

22

22,721

4,542

696

84

9

4

1

4s5

56,062

16,08S

3,119

461

49

7

2

136

12,350

8,478

2,S04

688

147

20

2

2

1

19s

797

645

131

20

1

6,911

6,417

444

22

1

27

4,757

4,419

317

15

1

—

5

948

665

65

2

14

44

41

2

1

14,0s8

12,140

1,693

133

13

1

64

9,735

8,451

1,154

92

9

1

??8

1,763

1,464

256

16

1

3s

88

61

7

21,679 28,075

17,228 20,594

3,826 6,394

486 1,278

37 176

4 20

1 1

2

1

87 10S

15,265 20,S45

12,218

2,646

333

28

3

1

28

2,578

1,942

486

88

10

1

3s

135

119

15

1

14,732

4,862

888

102

8

1

1

33

3,257

2,119

846

201

40

5

1

1

42

222

1s2

38

2

35,ss7

22,520

9,s59

2,612

470

59

6

2

159

25,564

16,262

7,087

1,7s3

327

37

4

1

43

3,776

2,0s8

1,137

381

86

14

2

1

67

20S

222

69

16

1

203,843

6s,765

69,507

20,977

Io,lsa

2,771

665

149

6s

641

143,074

61 ,8S2

49,358

21,937

7,091

1,931

4S5

99

49

264

19,868

7,518

6,4S5

3,63s

1,323

422

110

31

8

325

2,108

1,227

642

172

4s

11

2

6

174,s34

46,9S0

56,626

40,332

18,S04

7,267

2,s51

S20

444

7Mr

114,876

27,816

38,413

28,233

13,342

5,440

1,862

681

309

130

15,045

4,118

4,34X3

3,20s

‘1,524

66s

2ss

110

69

268

4,113

1,s24

1,604

555

155

39

14

6

2

14

104,527

18,392

27,872

27,2S2

16,249

7,678

3,ss4

1,678

1,263

449

66,1s0

9,413

15,2S4

17,634

11,7s4

5,s37

2,650

1,328

1,004

8s

8,261

1,716

2,506

2,023

1,026

447

221

29

93

127

3,149

891

1,302

685

184

62

28

8

6

8

41,540

5,3s0

8,646

9,819

7,40s

4,570

2,5s3

1#m

i,658

192

26,s43

2&2

4,236

5,859

5,116

3,444

2,013

1,13s

1,3s9

43

3,082

524

781

748

458

249

113

62

63

41

1,0s7

234

404

291

102

32

11

5

5

3

7,954

823

1,214

1,500

1,374

860

708

493

855

32

5,049

391

560

838

896

697

549

378

729

8

567

71

123

137

95

61

28

21

24

7

195

34

76

40

20

10

7

8

337

31

32

37

48

52

32

28

82

2

231

14

20

18

32

37

23

17

69

1

25

4

3

3

2

3

5

4

1

3

2

1
Table 6. Llva births by age of mother, live-birth order, Hispanic origin of mother, and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic

origin: Total of 49 reporting States and the Diatrlct of Columbia, 1992-Con.

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother. Includes births with stated origin of mother only]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Lrim-bitiorder end All Under 15 16 17 18 19 20-24 25-28 30-34 36-39 4044 45-$9

origin of motfrer agas 15 years Total years yeera years years years years years years years ya&lra years

Central and South American. .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%cond child . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fiichild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SMhchild.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventhchild. . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child and over. . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Olhar and unknown

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SeoondoMd.. . . . . . . . . .

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourfhohild . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fiichild . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child andover. . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-Hispanic

89,031

34,0s0

27,261

15,983

6,667

2,557

1,030

442

350

631

51,152

20,161

15,713

8,715

3,758

1,370

189

184

13

1

—

1

263

251

9

—

3

9,397

9,012

304

23

4

—

—

54

2,S89

2,606

61

8,342

6,453

1,552

264

30

5

4s

9,976

7,241

2,13s

451

57

10

81

463 973

662

98

7

1,610

1,329

256

18

1

6

2,101

1,620

409

5s

3

13

2,275 3,021 22,866

11,s45

7,398

2,710

784

151

37

5

8

147

16,041

6,513

5,625

2,526

93s

265

71

~4

3

69

854,S48

402,193

283,145

115,160

36,517

10,704

2,666

740

285

3,024

64

10

4

14

9

12

3

5

7

14

3

3

1

3

1

1

2

1,621

297

275

261

27,848

9,427

9,545

5,565

2,083

715

223

68

32

180

12,952

3,795

4,361

2,2AJ0

1,220

410

1s8

55

32

110

19,667

4,ao5

6,126

4,958

2,283

926

369

1S0

95

157

8,452 1,593

1,514 242

2,273 347

2,127 344

1,275 277

604 “144

305 93

14s 6s

136 73

73 15

434

26

1

—

1,717

461

69

12

2

2,111

711

159

17

3

2 6 14 20

701 1,480 2,676 3,016 6,280 3,088 550

526 3S

602 ‘ “Ioa

796 “140

452 84

241 46

121 28

SO 28

71 29

27 2

1,262

163

18

3

558

34

3

1,844

865

121

22

5

1,857

845

253

28

5

1,7s7

2,668

2,002

1,008

406

201

83

65

61

589

241

202

383 6 19 29

Total l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3.365.8sz

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . ..l.3S8.298

Second child . . . . . . . . ...1.107.675

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542,423

Fourth child, . . . . . . . . . . . 202,832

Ffihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,866

Sixth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,192

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . . 13,529

Eighth child andover. . . . . . 13,888

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,046

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2.527.2O7

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . ..l.O52.966

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . 659,s8s

393,248 22,128 45,527 75,565 106,262 141,736 987,714 775,855 286,828 46,553

374,964 213,213 8S,28S 9,622

350,933 2S5,810 96,528 12,545

166,084 166,392 66,681 9,488

59,120 64,924 33,153 5,832

20,466 24,040 14,752 3;)32

7,s50 10,466 7,209 1,8s3

2,922 4,721 3,845 1,212

1,800 4,0s4 5,1s6 2,441

3,755 3,195 1,374 238

778,761 S30,863 236,747 36,(I9O

311,520 176,881 65,582 7,:159

2668310 239,629 7S,345 ~0~47

125,S59 134,928 55,114 7<)88

38,717 48,868 25,385 4,:479

10,524 15,616 10,292 2,310

3,036 6,123 4,s36 1,238

871 2,387 2,344 791

443 1,677 3,024 l,!W

2,661 2,44s 1,043 “1s3

153,557 97,263 36,183 6,223

39,184 18,663 5,724 842

48,068 28,819 9,763 1,245

33,493 22,s61 6,798 1,2S5

17,091 12,792 5,759 984

8,302 6,584 3,401 727

3,780 3,434 1,646 410

1,666 1,7S8 1,099 269

1,107 1,792 1,449 445

S36 550 232 38

282,70920,465

78,135 1,469

17,464 60

3,079 8

419 5

49 -

7-

5-

1,391 101

39,843

4,984

4s8

32

7

1

S0,715

12,438

1,863

227

23

1

78,737

23,281

5,011

770

74

11

2

1

375

92,949

35,955

9,8s1

2,042

310

36

5

4

454

203

155

87

82

226

161 300 15

1,203

246

223

234,338 9,066 23,211 43,771 88,535 91,735 605,526

63,030 S5,929 306,836

11,866 21,072 204,186

1,4s0 3,927 68,557

124 490 16,738

9 50 3,386

3 7 639

130

1 3 78

200 257 1,870

‘187,274 8,762 21,592 37,861

39,6s6 267 1,480 5,178

5,951 12 91 441

661 - 334

85 2 1 3

11 - 1-

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398,S34s 7

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,994 2

Ffichild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,509 -

Skthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,735 -

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . . 6,571 -

Eighth child and over. . . . . . 6,846 -

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,8S4 13

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857,450 6}339

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,3S4 6,062

Second child . . . . . . . . . . . 191,637 222

Third child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,638 14

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,675 1

Ffihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,697 –

Sixfh child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,581 -

Seventh child . . . . . . . . . . . 5,354 -

Eighth child and over. . . . . . 4,962 -

Notsfatsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,322 40

221

154

114

543

4a

136

11

178

21

27

34

24

19

16

9

25

3

-—

4 ---

717 43 63 164

144,259 12,266 20,596 28,072 37,698 44,S33

22,838 23,577

10,722 13,526

3,309 5,s41

593 1,444

84 236

7 28

2 5

1

1s3 175

211,4S6

74,918

67,864

40,632

t 7,774

6,527

1,847

53e

1s3

1,007

94,750 10,976 16,783 20,584

35,519 1,153 3,350 6,76S

10,751 63 364 1,374

2,250 6 23 1S4

327 3 6 18

3a -- 1

7 ---

l-–-

616 55 92 133

llm~= rs~ Othsf than whh @ b~.

NOTE Excludeedata forNew Hsmphire, wlrichdidnorrequireraporllngor Hkpank wiglnof moUrer.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Octobar 25, 1994 ~ 41

Table7. Eatimatd bitihMM by age of mother, liv041iti order, Hispanicoriginof mother,andby raceof motherfor mothersof

non-Hispanicorigin:UnitedStatez 1992

[Live-bitih order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age ofmothar

15-19 yeara

tilm-birth Olderand 15-44 10-14 15-17 16-19 2U-24 25-28 30-34 3+89 4044 45-4s

origin of mother years 1 years Tofalyears yeara yeaIs ywrsyeaia yaara yeare yaws

Hispanic

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sewndchikf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foorth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftichild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth andaaventhchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

M~”can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sacondchikf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third Child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F~h child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth and seventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sacondchnd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

llirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fwrth child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FWchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixihand aeventh child . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SeCWldchikf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third child, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth Child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ftichild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixth andaaventhchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighth child Andover . . . . . . . . . . .

Otharliispanic z . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fiichild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sacondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~rdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthchikf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ffihchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sixlhandsavanthchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighthchildandover . . . . . . . . . . .

Sssfwlndeeatendoftde.

106.6

41.0

31.6

19.4

9.3

4.0

2.5

0.7

116.0

43.0

32.8

20.9

10.5

4.7

3.1

0.9

88.9

35.0

26.9

16.0

7.0

2.9

1.7

0.4

50.3

21.4

17.8

7.7

2.2

0.7

0.4

●

107.0

41.7

33.0

19.0

8.0

3.0

1.8

0.4

2.6

2.5

0.1

*

*

●

●

*

2.5

2.4

0.1

●

●

*

●

●

3.5

3.4

*

*

●

*

●

●

1.0

1.0

*

●

●

*

●

●

2.5

2.3

0.1

*

●

●

●

●

107.1

78.0

22.7

4.5

0.7

0.1

*

●

t08.8

60.5

23.1

4.5

0.7

0.1

●

●

110.4

77.0

25.5

6.3

1.3

0.2

●

*

26.3

21.3

4.3

0.7

●

●

●

*

112.1

64.4

22.7

4.3

0.5

*

●

●

71.4

60.1

10.0

1.1

0.1

*

*

●

---

---

-..

-..

---

---

..-

---

---

. . .

---

---

.-.

---

. . .

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

-..

. . .

. . .

---

..-

---

---

. . .

158.7

106.7

41.5

9.6

1.6

0.2

*

●

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

. . .

---

---

---

---

. . .

-..

---

---

. . .

-..

---

. . .

---

---

---

..-

---

---

---

---

---

---

160.6

63.3

65.2

28.1

9.5

2.6

0.8

0.1

202.3

87.7

6s.9

31.1

10.0

2.7

0.8

0.1

204.9

78.9

68.1

3s.1

13.9

4.4

1.5

*

51.6

30.2

15.8

4.2

1.1

●

*

*

172.9

81.2

5s.2

23.4

7.8

1.6

0.6

●

154.4

41.7

60.2

35.8

16.7

6.4

3.2

0.4

166.3

40.3

52.8

40.9

20.1

7.9

3.8

0.4

106.6

28.7

34.6

23.1

11.0

4.8

2.8

0.5

6s.4

43.8

36.1

13.3

3.7

0.9

0.5

●

157.8

51.5

54.2

32.7

12.8

4.4

2.0

0.2

86.8

17.1

25.9

25.4

15.1

7.1

5.0

1.2

89.1

14.3

23.2

26.8

17.9

8.9

6.4

1.5

66.7

14.1

20.6

16.6

8.4

3.7

2.8

0.8

66.2

24.5

3s.7

18.3

5.0

1.7

0.8

●

1W.6

24.5

33.8

26.8

12.6

5.1

3.1

0.6

45.6

5.9

9.4

10.8

8.2

5.0

4.4

1.8

47.7

4.8

7.9

10.8

9.5

6.4

5.8

2.5

30.0

5.2

7.8

7.4

4.6

2.5

1.7

0.9

26.9

6.2

10.8

7.8

2.7

0.8

*

●

50.3

9.0

13.5

12.8

7.6

3.7

2.8

0.9

10.9

1.1

1.7

21

1.9

1.3

1.6

1.2

11.8

0.9

1.3

2.0

2.1

1.6

22

1.7

6.5

0.8

1.4

1.6

1.1

0.7

0.6

0.3

4.7

0.8

1.8

1.0

0.5

*

●

●

12.5

1.9

2.7

2.8

2.1

1.1

1.2

0.6

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.8

●

0.1

●

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

*

*

●

●

*

●

●

0.0

*

●

●

*

*

*

●

0.5

●

*

●

*

*

●

*
Table 7. Estimated birth rates by age of mother, live-birth order, Hispanic origin of mother, and by rsce of mother for mothers of

non-Hispanic origin: United States, 1992-Con.

[Live-birth order refers to number of children born alive to mother]

Age ofmother

15-19 years

Live-birth order and lW 10-14 15-17 18-19 2(X?4 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-$4 4549

origin of rmther years 1 years Total yes15 ytMllS y13.WS v years yeara years yriars

Non-Hispanics

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seoondshikl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third ohild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foutiohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F~shild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Siandaeventhcfrild . . . . . . . . .

Eighthohildandover . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firatchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seoondchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foutthchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FMohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SMhandaeventhshild . . . . . . . . .

Eighthohildandover . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifstohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sasondohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thirdchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourthohild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fii child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Siandaevedrchild . . . . . . . . .

Eighfhohildendover . . . . . . . . . . .

64.4

26.3

21.3

10.4

3.9

1.4

0.8

0.3

60.2

252

20.5

9.5

3.2

1.0

0.5

0.2

85.5

31.4

25.0

15.4

7.4

3.4

2.2

0.7

1.2

1.2

0.0

0.0

*

●

+

●

0.5

0.4

0.0

●

●

*

●

●

4.8

4.7

0.2

●

●

●

●

●

54.4

40.6

10.8

2.4

0.4

0.1

0.0

*

41.7

3s.4

7.1

1.1

0.1

0.0

●

*

116.0

76.5

26.7

6.7

I .e

0.3

0.0

●

33.2

26.2

4.4

0.6

0.1

0.0

●

●

22.7

20.5

2.1

0.2

0.0

*

●

*

83.9

85.8

15.3

2.5

0.3

0.0

●

●

85.5

58.0

20.3

5.1

1.0

0.1

0.0

●

6S.6

52.6

14.5

2.4

0.3

0.0

*

●

162.9

92.2

46.2

17.6

4.0

0.6

0.1

●

104.7

49.5

34.8

14.2

4.5

1.3

0.4

0.0

93.9

46.0

31.7

10.8

2.6

0.5

0.1

0.0

183.0

56.0

52.6

a .4

13.6

5.1

1.9

0.1

112.7

43.0

40.1

19.0

6.8

2.3

1.2

0.2

111.6

44.7

41.0

18.0

5.6

1.5

o.e

0.1

114.6

28.4

3-6.1

25.1

12.8

6.2

4.1

0.8

76.4

21.7

28.G

16.7

6.6

2.4

1.5

0.4

76.7

22.5

30.0

16.9

6.1

2.0

1.1

0.2

69.1

13.5

20.6

16.2

9.2

4.7

3.7

1.3

31.2

7.0

10.2

7.2

3.5

1.6

1.2

0.6

SO.5

7.2

10.3

7.1

3.3

1.3

0.9

0.4

28.4

4.4

7.5

6.8

4.5

2.6

2.4

1.1

5.4

1.1

1.5

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.3

5.1

1.1

1.5

1.0

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.2

5.7

0.8

1.1

1.2

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

●

0.0

0.0
Monthly vital Stetletics Report. Vol. 4S, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~43

Table 8. Live births by race of mother, birth ratee, and fertility ratew United Stetaa and each State, 1882

[By place of residence. 8irth rates fmr 1,000 estimated population in each am fertilii rates par 1,000 women aged 15-44 yeara estimated in each area]

Number

An

Aaiarror

Amdm&yn

state

Pacir7c Birth Fertility

races White Black Mender rate rate

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ocmnecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

District of Oolumbii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

flonda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gwwgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnaeota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ml$aouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJemey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorthOaroline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennayivenia . . . . . . . . . . ..b . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8outhDakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vemlont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

62,260

11,726

66,822

34,820

601,730

54,535

47,573

10,656

10,960

191,713

111,116

19,664

17,362

191,396

64,140

36,46s

36,027

63,640

70,707

16,057

77,815

87,231

144,069

85,607

42,661

76,301

11.472

22,374

15,880

119,808

27,922

267,637

103,967

8,811

16Z247

47,557

42,03S

164,625

14,500

56,192

11,018

73,614

320,645

37,200

7,737

97,186

78,450

22,170

70,670

6,723

3,201,678

40,160

7,934

59,432

26,269

492,467

49,644

40,278

7,801

1,607

143,463

66,819

5,736

16,634

142,642

73.914

33,674

46,227

39,757

15,762

49,619

75,141

112,169

59,187

21,704

61,906

9,861

21,403

18,962

15,714

80,823

23,159

212,578

70,772

7,631

134,344

37,305

39,066

135,886

12,673

33,977

9,110

55,278

270,198

35,317

7,628

70,137

21,248

60,689

6,326

673,633

21,522

542

2,446

8,152

46,509

3,006

6.145

8,603

44,970

40,382

6s5

58

42,923

9,426

1,164

3,314

5,183

28,641

62

25,426

8,647

29,742

2,916

20,524

13,315

42

1,312

2,163

108

23,406

513

60,990

30,333

75

25,884

5,164

855

25,405

1,168

21,604

78

17,510

43,016

246

34

23,664

3,145

815

7,307

65

39,453

80

2,697

5,911

162

3,215

565

121

29

8

426

89

163

260

264

102

162

331

59

241

71

135

146

755

1,238

187

212

1,354

365

360

17

236

3,955

1,066

1,549

810

202

4,410

670

241

123

81

1,749

116

678

748

9

125

1,662

9

878

266

150,250

478

553

1,038

217

59,519

1,286

1,028

173

542

2,652

1,326

13,256

210

5,367

696

556

706

366

666

142

2,&35

3,297

1,423

2,265

268

866

66

297

369

150

5,364

285

13,252

1,313

85

1,707

678

1,342

2,863

518

530

60

709

6,853

88fJ

65

3,082

4,562

96

1,736

64

15.9

15.0

20.0

16.0

14.5

19.5

15.7

14.5

15.4

18.7

14.2

16.4

17.2

16.3

16.5

14.9

13.7

15.1

14.3

16.5

13.0

15.8

14.6

15.3

14.7

16.3

14.7

14.0

14.6

16.7

14.3

15.3

17.7

15.9

15.2

13.9

14.7

14.6

14.1

13.7

14.5

15.6

15.6

14.6

18.1

20.5

13.5

15.2

15.4

12.3

14.2

14.5

68.9

64.6

82.0

80.4

66.2

63.1

65.0

63.2

65.2

71.2

66.0

66.9

75.2

73.5

71.4

64.0

63.2

Q6.2

61.5

69.6

56.3

65.3

60.8

65.2

63.7

70.2

65.5

63.6

66.0

73.6

59.5

66.8

77.0

66.1

64.7

63.6

63.9

66.5

62.7

61.6

62.5

65.5

73.0

62.5

76.1

66.5

56.6

62.6

66.1

54.6

62.4

62.9
44~ Monthly WIStatistim Repotio Voi. ~, No.5(S) oOdober25, lW ~

Table 9. Live births by Hlspanlc origin of mother end by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 49 repotting states

and the Diatriat of Columbia and each State, 1992

[By place of residence.]

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Central Other and

Afl Puerto

State

and Souttr unknown Not

origins Total Mexican Rimrr Cuban American Hispanic Total 1 White Black stated

Allreportirrg States . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caliirnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connacficut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OiatrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minneaata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebrseka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakofa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SoufhCarolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Soufh Dakofa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . ...<..... . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,049,024

62,260

11,726

66,829

34,820

801,730

54,535

47,573

10,656

10,860

191,713

111,118

19,864

17,362

19f,386

64,140

3s,469

3s,027

53,840

70,707

16,057

77,815

87,231

144,089

66,607

42,&jl

76,301

11,472

23,397

22,374

119,809

27,922

287,S87

103,867

8,611

162,247

47,557

42,035

1S4,625

14,600

56,192

11,018

73,614

320,845

37,2W

7,737

97,198

79,450

22,170

70,670

6,723

843,271

444

373

21 ,W2

472

263,525

10,303

5,476

426

893

2s,367

2,932

2,241

1,75a

27,333

1,e41

853

2,311

372

977

101

2,e6a

8,522

4,302

1,377

141

1,016

1s8

1,105

4,116

17,608

12,857

2,378

119

2,583

2,045

3,561

5,949

1,563

625

108

566

126,367

2,2s2

30

3,880

7,152

75

2,132

432,047

260

197

21,017

381

222,060

5,375

167

173

68

5,318

1,876

381

1,421

21,015

1,422

496

1,639

1s8

259

31

1,647

257

2,701

935

61

726

138

876

3,262

1,420

3,3s6

4,807

1,452

56

1,127

1,435

3,209

602

56

280

84

323

108,730

1,461

14

681

5,475

37

1,455

385

59,569

86

3a

164

22

2,110

148

3,824

1s9

8

4,793

284)

65a

14

3,260

266

16

88

61

54

13

164

4,717

410

77

14

70

3

11

95

8,432

33

21,230

357

6

1,Oos

85

47

4,016

524

110

3

104

797

84

6

435

184

10

471

6

11,472

10

6

31

6

650

25

63

3

7

7,565

86

12

2

210

13

4

8

12

83

3

47

114

85

9

1

24

3

4

80

944

55

587

40

1

42

12

15

77

11

16

12

206

15

2

60

21

2

14

—

S8,031

4a

48

369

28

30,241

181

753

34

767

9,5s0

441

52

3a

1,06s

75

47

92

19

466

3

1,023

3,171

183

81

13

95

3

40

3s9

6,806

’64

23,201

3s3

6

137

42

173

528

642

14

6

83

5,600

304

1

2,275

126

5

56

11

51,152

40

82

2s1

35

8,264

4,574

689

27

43

2,121

237

1,158

283

1,780

165

2s3

186

92

132

51

199

263

e43

275

52

103

42

172

260

1,008

9,419

3,122

147

48

259

470

117

826

110

195

6

93

10,024

438

5

426

1,376

21

106

80

3,365,862

61,801

11,33s

46,907

34,338

334,523

44,201

39,607

10,025

162,220

107,867

17,618

15,5%

163,601

62,108

37,6s6

35,584

53,403

68,719

15,313

73,582

76,132

134,557

57,143

42,522

75,228

10,679

21,993

18,220

101,976

14,964

223,723

101,558

8,630

159,456

45,443

38,463

158,425

12,028

55,486

10,884

194,214

34,867

6,775

93,225

70,056

22,080

68,468

6,235

2,527,207

39,774

7,590

37,790

25,828

228,262

39,512

33,228

7,504

1,319

115,131

85,784

5,064

15,065

115,760

71,956

3S,724

31 ,2s3

47,s40

38,900

15,033

48,492

67,664

102,9S7

52,515

21,554

80,801

9,458

20,013

14,801

74,34s

10,331

154,439

66,432

7,657

131,703

35,320

36,577

130,266

10,408

33,373

9,00a

64,700

143,915

33,062

6,672

68,370

61,224

21,1s5

6s,55s

5,662

857,4W

21,488

531

2,399

8,733

45,510

2,919

5,349

2,502

8,521

43,954

40,279

654

56

42,34S

9,392

1,1637

3,287

5,167

26,751

?5

24,549

7,141

26,4W

2,132

20,515

13,282

36

1,306

2,1 :!7

39,891

15

15

60

12

3,682

31

2,490

26

42

126

217

5

38

462

90

30

132

65

11

643

1,263

577

5,230

7,0s7

18

55

404

2e9

38

22,103’ 322

489 1

56,549 11,117

30,262 29

73 62

25,8S0 209

5,124 69

943 21

24,967 251

1,017 918

21,535 72

74 ’15

17,490 19

42,786 274

208 51

32 932

23,737 83

2,883 2,212

812 5

7,265 70

61 6

1Includes ram othr than WMe and black,

NOTEExcludssdara forNewHampatrire,whk+ld!dnotrequirs rspaningHlspenkoriginofmothm
Table 10. Total number of births, ratas, and percent of births with selscted demographic charaotsristlcsj by spaoifled race of mothec

United S- 1992

A3ianorPacitkIalandar

All Mltin

#araCtaiwO race3 Write Black “ ToW Chinaaa Jqohase Hawaiian Fiiip”rm Other

Bkh2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FarWiir ate3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total fertilii rata4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sexratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8irth3to mother3under 20yeara . . . . . . . . . . .

Fwrth-and hiiher-ordar birtha . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interval since last live birth

ofla33than 18montha6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Births tounmarried rnothera . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mothar3 completing 12 yearn Ormora

ofa2hoc4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mothara bomintha United States .. l.. . . . . .

4,065,014

15.9

6s.9

2,085.0

1,050

12.7

10.8

13.2

30.1

76.4

83.0

3,201,678

15.0

66.5

1,983.5

1,053

10.9

9.6

11.7

226

77.7

84.2

673,633

21.3

63.2

2,442.0

1,036

22.7

16.0

19.6

63.1

70.0

91.6

39,453

18.4

75.4

2,180.0

1,034

20.0

22.4

19.6

56.3

64.1

85.9

150,250 25,081

Rate

18.0 ---

67.2 ---

1,842.0 ---

1,065 1,065

r~--

5.6 1.0

10.4 3.2

15.0 10.3

14.7 6.1

81.0 34.6

14.8 9.1

9,083

. . .

---

.-.

1,048

26

3.8

6.9

9.8

97.6

49.1

5,333

---

. . .

-..

1,064

18.4

15.4

18.7

45.7

81.4

97.5

28,858

---

---

..-

1,063

5.6

7.2

11.7

16.8

30.7

i4.3

81,249

..-

.-.

..-

1,062

6.4

14.2

17.8

14.9

74.3

6.8

11~~ M’lrM to Aklts 2JXI EMnw.

7-M3 p3r 1,000populatim.

%2t3p3rl,oooworn3n

%2t32 m 2wns or MUI%!%2XS2’3 group3 multlplhd by 5.

w31ive Mth21Mrl,oof2m213!&’ ebrrth2.

%3f2r2altyto23cond- 2mdhigh2rurlwbirth2.
45~ Monthly Vital Wtletlca Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). Ootober 25, 19S4 ~

Table 11. Total numbar of births, rates, and percant of births with selected demographic charectariatica, by Hispanic orlgln of mother

and by race of mothar for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 49 reporting Statas and the District of Columbia, 1SS2

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-H@wrio

Oantrd Other and

At/ l%$rto and South unknown

Charksteristic origins 7 Total Mexican Rican Cuban Anreriosn Hispanic Tota12 White Black

Number

Births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,049,024 643,271 432,047 59,569 11,472 S8,031 51,152 3,365,SS2 2,527,207 657,460

Rate 3

M

Birth rste4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 26.5 27.8 23.2 10.1 27.9 14.8 13.5 21.9

Fertiliirate5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6s.9 106.6 116.0 89.9 50.3 107.0 64.4 60.2 85.5

Total ferWtyrate 6.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,066.0 3,043.0 3,185.5 2,S44.5 1,4S5.5 3,076.0 1,941.0 1,810.5 2,514.0

Sexratio7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 1,041 1,040 1,057 1,079 1,040 1,030 1,052 1,056 1,036

Percent

Birthstomothersunder20yaars.. . . . . . . . . . 12.8 17.~ 16.0 21.4 7.1 9.8 20.0 12.0 9.4 22.9

Fourth-arrdhighar-orderbirths.... . . . . . . . . 10.8 15.2 16.6 13.3 6.6 12.5 12.1 10.0 8.2 18.0

Intervalsincelast fiiebirth

oflessthan 18momhs8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 15.8 16.2 17.9 10.6 12.9 15.9 12.8 10.6 19.7

Birthstounmarriadmothare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 39.1 36.3 57.5 20.2 43.9 37.6 28.5 18.5 SS.3

Motherscompleting 12yaarsormoraof sohool.. 76.4 46.9 38.7 59.0 84.4 5s.4 65.3 82.1 86.5 70.2

MothersbomintheUnitadStates.. . . . . . . . . 82.9 37.5 35.4 58.9 27.7 5.6 80.2 91.6 95.6 93.0

llncludsaeriglnnotersfad.

211WIIKISSraceaotherthantike and b!ack.

3M~, f~l~, ~ ~W ~~ ~= bYHl*~~ @@ ~ ~m~~ f~ tie lJn~~ ~~. Ra@2fm HiqXMffiwan ~ W on ~ dsfsfor49 reprXtlngStates&W thS DlattfotOi’Columbia.

Bkthsf.x Nw Harnpahirs,* didrmfraqukaraportlngof Hbpsnioorigin,and blrfhswH21ori@ notstatedsra inoludedInthe ratesfor noikHispsnkwoman.Sss Ttinical notes.

4Rsteper 1,000 IWXJ!.erkm.

sRa& ~ 1,CWIworn~ S@ l% ye~.

%tss am sumsof birlhratesfar +wr age groupsmuitipllsdby 5.

7Ma!8liveMtthaw 1,000fernstslivebirths.

eR~ ~ly to amend- eml hi@s+ordWbhths.

Tabla 12. Live births by race of mothar and observed and seasonally adjusted bhth and fertility ratea, by month: United Statas, 1S92

[Rates on an annual basis “per1,OW population for apeoified month. Birth rates based on the total population. Fertility rates based on women aged 1544 years]

Number O@ervad Seasonally a@std

Month Anracesz W77ita Black Birth rate Fertility rate “Birth rate Fertilily rata

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 3,201,678 673,633 15.9 68.9 . . . . . .

January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334,045 260,363 57,224 15.5 66.8 16.3 70.0

February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315,446 247,679 52,832 15.7 67.5 16.1 69.1

March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,518 269,301 54,6s7 15.8 67.9 16.0 69.0

April. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333,373 266,0S4 51 ,ss0 16.0 68.9 16.2 69.8

May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344,137 273,884 54,302 16.0 68.9 16.0 6s.2

June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,6s4 269,004 54,968 16.3 70.2 16.0 69.0

July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353,112 2s3,02s 59,917 16.6 71.8 16.0 S9.o

August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348,949 274,S46 58,254 16.1 69.8 15.3 66.2

September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347,547 273,412 57,821 16.6 71.8 15.8 66.2

October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,546 269,701 57,537 15.8 68.7 15.9 6S.8

November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,243 251,225 55,233 15.3 66.5 15.8 6s.7

Deoambsr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,732 263,341 5s,14s 15.6 67.5 16.0 SS.6

ha msrhcdoi ~nsl sdjuetmanr,deveiopsdby rhe U.8. BureauofrheC-enaus,is d-”bed inlhe X-1 1 Vsrfsnrofthe CensusMetkd II BsaeomelAdjuebn@F’ro!wmiTwhnicd pWr

No. 15 (1967 revision).

21MIMW r- otherh tiits sndb~.
,

~ Monthly Vital statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Ootober 25,1994 ~ 47

Table 13. Live births by day of week and index of occurrence by method of delhreiy, day of weelq and raoe of mother: United State%

1992

Average Ceasrsan

number

Day of week and rsoe of mother of births Tots/2 Vaginal Totsl Primary Repeat

Ailraoes3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thursday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frida y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thursday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Friday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tuesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thucsdsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frida y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saturday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,107

8,7S4

11,396

12,333

11,957

11,895

11,957

9,420

8,746

6,722

9,030

9,804

9,475

9,42s

9,467

7,230

1,841

1,56s

1,837

1,978

1,940

1,925

1,940

1,673

100.0

78.8

102.6

111.0

107.7

107.1

107.7

84.8

100.0

76.8

103.2

112.1

108.3

107.8

108.2

83.2

100.0

86.3

99.8

107.5

105.4

104.6

105.4

80.9

100.0

64.9

101.0

108.5

105.8

105.3

104.5

89.9

100.0

68.1,

101.6

109.4

106.5

105.9

104.8

88.5

100.0

91.7

93.6

105.2

103.1

102.8

103.4

95.1

100.0

58.0

106.3

120.0

114.1

113.2

118.4

67.4

100.0

55.7

108.3

121.1

114.5

113.9

119.8

65.2

100.0

67.4

104.0

115.6

113.2

110.6

112.2

76.5

100.0

69.0

88.7

116.1

111.7

110.2

112.8

60.0

100.0

67.1

100.1

117.1

112.2

110.6

113.7

78.6

100.0

76.5

97.9

112.2

110.2

103.5

106.7

65.6

100.0

39.9

122.5

126.4

118.0

116.2

127.8

46.5

100.0

37.2

124.2

127.6

118.2

118.9

129.7

43.4

100.0

51.5

114.6

121.5

118.5

114.4

118.3

60.6

llndexistirtidtiwmgenumtidMtis byaspediledmelhwlofdeliwryorragiven &y&ti*titiwwa@ti~num&&MtiWa-W methodofdeheryforthe

kf%l~r;%~:%ehw ROtstated.

%cludes racesotherthanMite andblack.
4s~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). October 25, 1994 ~

Table 14. Number, rate, and ratio of births to unmarried women by age and race of mothe~ United Statea, 1992

Rate par I,OLWunmarried

Numbar women in spaoifisd group Ratio per 1,000 live births

Ags of mother All rSC8S7 White Black All raoaa ~ White Blaok All races 1 White Black

Allagea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yaaE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2!%29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yaarsartdover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,224,876

11,161

363,878

25,459

49,021

74,103

86,002

109,266

435,727

233,467

127,962

52,447

10,214

721,886

4,553

208,830

12,664

27,323

43,861

57,666

65,416

266,288

137,839

75,696

32,218

6,782

458,869

6,266

135,984

12,066

20,153

27,985}

35,422

40,370}

182,561

86,853

46,660

17,808

2,787

245.2 235.2 %6.5

. . . . . . .-.

44.6 33.0 105.9

30.4 21.6 78.0

67.3 51.5 147.8

68.5 52.7 144.3

56.5 45.4 98.2

37.9 31.5 57.7

18.8 16.2 25.8

s4,~ 33$6 35.4

301.3

913.3

700.2

869.9

815.2

755.0

692.4

809.6

407.0

198.0

143.0

152.2

177.0

225.5

846.3

803.5

763.2

733.4

669.0

600.()

511.()

317.3

142.7

101.5

114.0

146.0

881.3

976.4

926.4

970.0

861.3

945.4

923.4

666.5

752.4

549.8

467.0

447.0

421.2

llwldmram~ thanwitiisrtdbkk.

2Rati~m~tm byra~ngtow~ti tounmarriedmoutere, ragardlassofaw ofmother,tounrnafdad WOIIWIW@l~ Ysm.

%tsscompufedbym!ating bitlhstoummrriedmaUtsrs rIgsd40yasrsandow toumrmmiadwomsnsged 4rM4ysarx

NOT&ForU6tatee aIwItheOierrktot rMumbia,msrital statusofmotharia reportedonttwblrth aerMkatstfor661stsa, mother%marttslatatue isinferrsiX saeTechnical Mas.
~ Monthly vital Statlatics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Octobar 25,1994 ~ 49

Table 15. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and racw United States, 1970, 1975, and 19&k92

[Rates are live births to unmarried women par 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of mother

15-19 years

15-44 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-28 W-84 35-88 4044

Year and raw yearsl ToiiIl v years years yeacs m years yearsz

All racas3

12924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~4....................

1ss94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1*4....................

16874 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1=4....................

1*4....................

1~4,5...................

13334.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18s24,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13314.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ISS043 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19S05,6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19755.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970’3.7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

white

Race of mothe~

1s624. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~4...................

19s94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18S84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1ss74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12s64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12s44.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19634~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s245 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

j~45..................

Raoe of child:

198051B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

197553 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19708.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.%efootnotesatend oftsble.

45.2

45.2

43.8

41.6

3s.5

36.0

34.2

32.8

31.0

30.3

30.0

29.5

29.4

44.6

44.6

42.5

40.1

3s.4

33.8

32.3

31.4

30.0

29.5

28.7

27.9

27.8

30.4

30.9

28.6

26.7

2s.4

24.5

22.6

22.4

21.9

22.0

21.5

20.9

20.6

67.3

65.7

60.7

56.0

51.5

48.9

4s.0

46.9

42.5

40.7

38.6

38.0

39.0

66.5

6s.0

65.1

61.2

66.0

52.6

49.3

46.5

43.0

41.6

41.5

41.1

40.9

56.5

56.5

56.0

52.6

4s.5

44.5

42.2

3s.9

37,1

35.5

35.1

34.5

34.0

37.9

36.1

37.6

34.9

32.0

28.6

27.2

25.2

23.3

22.4

21.9

20.8

21.1

18.8

16.0

17.3

16.0

15.0

13.5

12.2

11.6

10.9

10.2

10.0

9.6

9.7

4.1

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

8.4

9.1

13.6

2.3

2.6

3.5

28.4

24.5

28.4

27.5

23.9

22.4

20.7

19.3

17.1

3S.7

32.5

32.9

39.7

31.2

3s.4

31.4

27.5

37.0

18.5

17.9

27.1

33.0 21.6

32.8 21.8

30.6 20.4

28.0 19.3

25.3 17.8

23.2 16.2

21.8 14.9

20.8 14.5

19.3 13.7

18.7 13.6

18.0 13.1

17.2 12.6

16.5 12.0

51.5

49.6

44.9

40.2

36.8

34.5

33.5

31.2

27.9

26.4

25.3

24.6

24.1

52.7

51.5

4s.2

43.8

36.2

36.6

34.2

31.7

28.5

27.1

26.5

25.6

25.1

45.4

44.6

43.0

3s.1

35.4

32.0

30.5

28.5

25.5

23.8

23.1

22.3

21.5

31.5

31.1

29.9

26.8

24.2

22.3

20.1

18.4

16.8

15.9

15.3

14.2

14.1

16.2

15.2

14.5

13.1

12.1

10.7

9.7

9.0

8.4

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.1

3.6

3.2

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

1.9

1.8

35.2

34.6

32.9

20.2

27,4

25.3

23.9

22.5

20.6

19.8

19.3

18.6

18.1

16.2

12.4

13.9

15.9 11.7

12.0 9.6

10.9 7.5

22.8

16.5

17.6

22.4

15.5

22.5

17.3

14.8

21.1

10.5

9.8

14.2

5.3

5.4

7.6

1.4

1.5

2.0
Table 15. Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother and race: United States, 1970,1975, and 1980-92-Con.

[Rates are live births to unmarried women par 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1]

Age of mother

15–19 years

1544 15–17 18–19 2&24 25-29 3G6W 35-39 40-44

Yew and race years 1 Total years yesr3 years years years years years2

Black

Race of mother:

19924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 105.9 78.0

18914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 108.5 60.4

19904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 106.0 78.8

19694 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 104.5 78.9

19384 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 96.1 73.5

19674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a2.6 80.9 68.9

19864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 86.5 67.0

19854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. 77.0 67.6 66.8

19644.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 66.1 S6.5

19634,5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s2- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76.2 85.5 66.8

77.9

19814.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85.1 66.3

79.4 85.0 66.9

196043. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 87.9 68.6

147,8

148.7

143.7

140.9

130.5

123.0

121.1

117.9

113.6

111.9

112.7

114.2

118.2

144.3

147.5

144.8

142.4

133.6

126.1

118.0

113.1

107.9

107.2

109.3

110.7

112.3

98.2 57.7

100.9 60.1

105.3 61.5

102.9 60.5

97.2 57.4

91.6 53.1

64.6 50.0

79.3 47.5

77.8 43.6

79.7 43.8

62.7 44.1

63.1 45.5

81.4 46.7

26.8

25.6

25.5

24.9

24.1

22.4

20.6

20.4

19.4

19.4

19.5

19.6

19.0

5.4

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.3

4,a

5.2

5.6

5.5

Race of child

f98@6.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 90.3 70.6 121.8 116.0 62.9 47.0 18.5 5.5

19755,6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 84.2 93.5 76.8 123.8 108.0 75.7 50.0 20.5 7.2

1970’3,7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 96.9 77.9 136.4 131.5 100.8 71.8 32.9 10.4

lRateecomputedbyrelatit?gtotelbitthetourtnrarsiedmothsre,regsrdlessofage ofmothar,tounmarriadwomenaged15-14 years.

%teecomputad byrelatingbirihsto unmsrrisdmtiens agad40yesreend OVSrtOUIWIaMSdwomenaoed~ YfJ~.

SlnoludasracesothsrthanWriie andbkk

4DafeforSates inwfrichmatitfrlstafuawasnotreportedhave beeninferredendincludedwithdatefromfhs remainingStatsq sea Twhnicelnotea.

5Msti on lM ~mnt of Mti inselti states end0+-Ia s@xcent sampleof WW in d! OffWs@fss sssT~nl~ nofee.

6MM~to “nmam~ ~men me Am@ ~r tie IJnM ~tee ~~ &@ for~egi.sti~n WW.SinWith m-l S&WUS of motfprwas repxted; sw Technicalmates

7Saeedon a SJ-perwntsampleof births.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). October 25,1994 ~ 51

Table16. Number and percent of bktha to unmarried women and number and percent of births of low birfhweighg by race of mother:

Unit@ Statea and each State, 1992

py place of residenoa]

Birthsto unmardedwnren 1 Lowbirthweightz

Number PeroMt Number Percent

stata All raoes3 white B/ack Afl raoes~ write sla& Allraoe-s3 Wwa 81ac$c A# raoes3 White Skrok

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AJabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caliia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oonmxiiout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Di3triotof Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kantuoky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mas.saohusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minrmota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawHam@ire. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawJeraey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMaxico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorthOaroJina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorthD8kota . . . . . . . ..s . . . . . . .

ohm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SouthCaro!ina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestWrginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,224,876

20J272

3,215

24,839

10,781

206,38s

12,971

13,657

3,470

7,334

65,491

3S,925

5,204

3,179

63,979

24,7S5

9,05s

9,2Z4

14,181

28,452

4,0s3

23,717

22,618

3s,s20

15,05s

18,312

24,049

3,032

5,290

7,449

3,08s

31,631

11,023

100,260

32,547

1,885

51,317

13,4S6

11,343

51,959

4,288

19,934

2,933

24,0+31

55,994

5,634

1,811

27,638

20,116

6,149

18,444

1,613

721 ,8S6

5,517

1,505

19,443

4,sss

167,651

10,801

8,934

1,583

244

33,983

11,607

888

3,016

28,544

17,461

7,890

6,789

10,455

7,350

3,880

8,089

16,36S

16,S3S

11,451

3,281

13,340

2,076

4,019

5,462

3,000

15,s21

6,003

5s,s41

11,394

1,425

31,024

8,025

10,059

31,1s3

3,256

5,593

1,652

11,0ss

35,324

5,004

1,774

11,924

16,448

5,559

11,6s5

1,423

45s,868

14,660

191

1,58s

5,822

28,226

1,68S

4,347

1,853

6,828

27,108

133

21

33,883

7,237

888

2,1s0

3,669

30

15,303

5,446

21,431

8170

14,872

10,474

~7

954

1,555

54

15,3s5

28s

41,360

20,282

15

20,051

3,532

676

20,181

797

14,173

28

12,829

20,032

127

13

15,237

1,740

5s1

6,007

33

30.1

32.6

27.4

36.2

3f .0

34.3

23.8

2s.7

32.6

66.9

34.2

35.0

2s.2

18.3

33.4

29.5

23.5

24.3

26.3

40.2

25.3

30.5

25.9

2S.8

23.0

42.9

31.5

2s.4

22.6

33.3

19.2

2s.4

39.5

34.8

31.3

22.6

31.6

28.4

27.0

31.6

28.6

35.5

2S.6

32.7

17.5

15.1

23.4

26.3

25.3

27.7

26.1

24.0

22.6

13.7

19.0

32.7

18.6

34.0

21.8

22.2

20.2

15.2

23.7

16.9

15.5

17.9

20.7

23.6

21.9

20.2

21.7

18.5

25.3

16.3

21.6

15.0

19.3

15.2

21.5

20.8

16.6

28.8

19.1

17.4

34.6

26.6

16.1

18.2

23.1

21.5

25.7

229

25.7

16.8

18.1

20.1

13.1

14.2

23.3

17.0

23.5

26.2

19.3

22.5

66.1

6s.2

35.2

65.3

71.4

S2.8

56.1

70.7

72.6

77.8

6s.9

87.1

19.4

3s.2

79.2

76.8

75.1

65.8

70.5

70.0

36.6

60.2

63.0

72.1

74.4

72.5

78.7

*

72.7

71.9

49.5

65.7

56.1

67.8

66.8

*

77.1

66.4

70.6

78.4

67.2

86.6

32.9

73.3

46.6

51.8

●

63.9

55.3

71.3

82.2

50.8

287,493

5,2s4

577

4,419

2,s35

35,704

4,S32

3,2s4

SQ8

1,556

14,239

9,490

1,430

955

14,772

5,635

2,200

2,461

3,6s1

6,620

Sos

6,432

5,1s5

10,760

3,40s

4,221

5,567

68s

1,315

1,568

841

8,684

2,013

21,s41

8,737

44s

11,820

3,175

2,175

11,789

897

5,0s6

573

6,241

22,3ss

2,0s5

431

7,158

4,205

1,593

4,193

491

185,682

2,470

344

3,6s4

1,720

25,880

3,9s4

Z324

459

73

8,588

4,1 M

309

922

8,114

4,422

1,989

2,1X)7

3,050

2,477

793

2,788

4,019

6,257

2,S67

1,473

3,701

600

1,124

1,218

821

5,13s

1,696

12,824

4,499

390

8,1 W

2,252

1,838

7,s87

738

2,14s

462

3,722

16,277

1,864

422

3,868

3,45s

1,488

3,046

457

89,517

2,753

5s

306

1,095

5,s80

508

857

333

1,436

5,40s

5,257

73

5

6,25S

1,165

152

383

611

4,080

5

3,464

940

4,383

333

2,705

1,811

5

155

298

9

3,143

66

7,973

4,015

10

3,s00

634

104

3,s88

109

2,679

7

2,451

5,553

22

6

3,000

373

101

952

9

7.1

8.5

4.9

6.4

8.2

5.9

8.5

6.9

7.6

14.3

7.4

8.5

7.2

5.5

7.7

6.7

5.7

8.4

6.8

9.4

5.0

8.3

6.0

7.5

5.2

9.9

7.3

6.0

5.6

7.1

5.3

7.2

7.2

7.6

8.4

5.1

7.4

6.7

5.2

7.2

6.3

9.0

5.2

8.5

7.0

5.6

5.6

7.4

5.3

7.2

5.9

7.3

5.8

6.2

4.3

6.2

6.5

5.3

8.0

5.6

5.6

4.6

6.0

6.0

5.4

5.5

5.7

6.0

5.4

6.0

6.3

6.2

5.0

5.7

5.4

5.6

4.8

6.8

6.0

6.0

5.3

6.4

5.2

5.7

7.3

6.1

6.4

5.0

6.1

6.1

5.0

5.6

5.9

6.3

5.1

6.7

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.7

4.9

7.0

5.0

7.2

13.3

12.8

10.7

12.5

13.5

12.6

16.9

14.0.

13.1

16.4

12.0

13.1

10.7

*

14.6

12.4

12.9

11.6

11.8

13.7

●

13.7

10.9

14.6

11.4

13.2

13.6

*

11.8

13.8

*

13.5

13.3

13.1

13.2

●

13.9

12.4

10.9

14.5

9.3

13.3

●

14.0

13.0

9.0

*

12.6

11.9

12.4

13.4

*
52 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994 ~

Table 17. Birth rates by age and race of fathec United States, 1960-92

[Rates are live births par 1,000 men in specified group, enumerated as of April 1 for 1960 and 1980 and estimated as of July 1 for all other yeare. Figures forage of

fether not stated are dkfributedl

Age of fafher

15-64 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-$s 50-54 55 yeara

Year and race of father years 1 years 2 years years years yeare years yews years and over

All fSCES 3

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19634, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1390 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19334 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824................:: ::

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

Black

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

t989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19634 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19824. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19804 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.8

57.1

56.4

57.2

55.8

55.0

54.8

55.6

55.0

55.1

56.4

56.3

57.0

52.2

53.3

54.6

53.3

52.2

51.6

51.7

52.6

51.8

52.0

53.1

52.9

53.4

81.0

63.4

64.9

ti.1

80.7

78.3

77.2

77.2

76.7

77.2

76.5

80.4

63.0

24.8

24.8

23.5

21.9

i 9.6

18.3

17.9

t 6.0

17.8

18.2

18.6

18.4

18.8

18.9

19.1

18.1

16.7

14.8

13.9

13.8

14.0

14.0

14.4

14.9

15.0

15.4

57.4

58.0

55.2

52.9

48.1

44.6

42.6

41.6

40.9

40.7

40.3

36.9

40.1

87.7

88.0

88.0

85.4

62.4

80.5

80.3

81.2

80.7

82.6

86.5

88.4

92.0

78.2

76.4

78.3

75.9

73.7

72.8

73.3

74.7

74.3

76.3

80.1

81.7

84.9

158.0

158.5

158.2

153.4

144.1

138.1

131.4

129.5

128.0

129.1

133.4

138.4

145.3

113.1

114.7

116.4

114.3

111.6

108.9

109.6

112.3

111.4

113.0

117.3

119.1

123.1

110.1

111.5

113.2

110.6

106.3

107.0

107.0

109.9

106.8

110.2

114.2

115.8

119.4

140.1

i 43.3

144.9

143.5

137.9

1s3.9

131.6

132.7

132.2

134.4

141.2

145.6

152.8

84.2

95.1

97.8

84.8

93.2

91.2

60.3

91.1

68.9

68.1

90.3

68.7

91.0

93.2

93.6

96.1

88.0

91.2

68.5

66.7

89.5

87.9

S6.8

87.5

65.8

87.8

86.8

100.1

103.2

101.4

100.0

97.4

97.4

97.3

98.3

93.0

103.6

104,3

109.6

51.3

51.8

53.0

51.4

49.9

46.6

48.8

47.3

48.0

45.2

44.5

43.3

42.8

49.3

49.7

50.9

49.1

47.8

46.2

44.4

44.8

43.5

42.6

41.7

40.3

39.7

56.9

53.8

80.4

59.9

66.0

56.0

56.0

59.4

56.4

59.6

61.1

61.3

82.0

20.4

20.2

21.0

20.4

19.9

19.0

18.3

18.1

17.8

17.4

17.5

17.0

17.1

18.8

18.5

19.2

18.7

18.1

17.3

16.6

18.3

18.0

15.5

15.8

15.0

15.0

26.4

28.4

31.1

31.1

30.6

30.0

29.1

29.5

23.3

29.6

29.6

29.7

31.2

7.3

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.1

6.9

8.7

8.8

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.1

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.1

13.9

14.2

15.0

14.9

14.3

13.8

13.5

13.3

13.3

13.5

13.9

13.3

13.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

6.2

6.7

7.1

6.9

6.9

6.6

6.7

6.5

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.7

5.9

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0,3

0.3

0,3

1,4

1.4

1.4

2.7

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1,2

1.2

1.2

1.1

lRat=mmp”t~by relstingtofa lblt-ths,ragsrdless0fa9e effauw.romena9ad l~yeam.

2Rates cemputed by relating births ef feUIers under 20 years of age to man aged 15-19 yaws.

31ncludes races offrer drsn wlrhs snd black.

46asadonlooparcent ofbkths.insslscted 3tstasandona5Gpercent ssmplaofblfttrsin 2dlothSr3tSte.XSSS TeohnicaIn@s.
Monthly Vitsl Ststistlcs Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). October 25, 1994 ~ 53

Table 18. Live births by educational attainment of mother, by age and race of mother: United States, 1992

0-6 9-11 12 13-15 16 yeas Not

Age and raoe of mother Total yeara years w years or more atited

All rams i

Allages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15yeacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Whtie

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yaara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yasrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yesrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

12,220

505,415

29,267

80,136

98,146

138,663

179,203

1,070,490

1,179,264

895,271

344,644

57,710

3,201,678

5,367

342,739

15,966

37,256

65,564

95,948

128,0Q4

814,422

864,566

745,510

282,617

46,437

673,633

6,446

i 46,800

12,432

20,970

29,60U

38,362

45,436

216,057

157,860

100,339

39,389

6,640

%9,238

9,234

52,889

10,202

9,270

9,366

10,981

13,046

70,776

59,409

40,765

20,552

5,613

218,804

4,063

42,053

6,005

6,811

7,919

9,625

11,693

63,254

52,524

35,335

17,147

4,408

23,551

4,655

9,204

3,939

2,210

1,208

988

859

3,433

2,511

1,976

1,255

317

663,287

2,411

269,593

18,115

47,992

73,119

68,477

61,880

224,388

111,472

53,717

18,508

3,187

464,604

1,032

177,118

9,466

26,771

47,436

46,975

44,468

162,061

64,354

38,265

12,569

2,165

174,010

1,2e3

64,369

8,063

17,677

23,516

19,530

15,578

48,231

22,386

12,333

4,635

753

1,468,019

153,m

1,673

13,519

53,445

65,024

500,201

440,863

269,541

80,256

13,695

1,132,244

104,493

989

8,660

35,667

%,867

373,486

353,697

216,873

71,092

10,391

278,582

44,238

616

4,214

16,040

23,368

109,942

69,549

36,395

14,086

2,370

634,965

20,015

286

3,456

16,273

214,541

286,456

212,971

77,351

11,629

666,637

13,281

—

210

2,191

10,6$0

161,673

243,304

176,132

62S38

9,309

132,016

5,997

63

1,104

4,630

44,675

42,708

27,103

9,973

1,880

754,963

44,440

251,936

304,336

131,882

22,257

654,504

—

36,000

218,135

266,662

114,455

19,232

51,202

5,652

17,367

18,056

8,482

1,445

64,542

575

9,257

950

1,201

1,634

2,304

2,868

16,133

17,326

13,939

5,963

1,328

44,665

252

5,794

493

675

1,139

1,491

1,996

10,933

12,372

10,203

4,386

932

14,272

300

2,992

425

467

689

700

601

3,924

3,429

2,476

956

195

Ilncldss raceson-w thanIVMSand black.
54~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Octobsr 25, 1994 ~

Table 19. Number of live blrtha and parcant dlatrlbution by weight gain during pregnancy and median weight gain, according to period

of gestation and race of mothe~ Totai of 49 reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992

Weight gain during pregnancy

Median

Pertod of gestation 1 All Less than 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41+5 46pounds Not weight

and mce of mofher births 16pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds or more Stated gain

All gestational periods 2

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

607,884 450,797 391,305

f>ounda

. . .

. . .

,..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

30.5

30.7

26.6

26.8

28.4

25.0

30.4

30.6

28.7

30.9

31.0

30.3

3,463,284

2,709,191

627,124

295,378

200,993

62,256

54,465

28,681

22,643

121,493

63,292

32,662

116,373

87,162

26,395

9.7

6.3

15.6

17.4

14.2

24.6

9.4

6.2

14.7

6.3

7.4

12.9

325,628

236226

73,482

453,707

357,654

76,217

200,164

166,779

27,561

14,6s4

11,132

3,333

61,021

eJ5,693

11,645

103,937

66,703

12,838

6.6

6.9

5.3

4.7

5.3

3.6

6.3

6.6

5.3

7.3

7.5

6.1

317,914

256,873

53,661

25,952

18,773

6,544

123,053

97,766

21,923

168,363

138,917

25,106

10.4

10.6

10.3

8.3

8,9

7.1

9.5

9.6

9.6

11:8

11.8

12.3

420,507

286,710

106,186

59,998

34,181

23,382

167,071

118,047

41,097

161,709

136,145

37,969

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

483,891 376,647 323,416

91,&33 58,797 56,348

Under 37 weeke

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

373,634

245,207

115,404

47,417

28,414

16,224

49,564

24,020

13,750

55,592 35,779 30,153

39,125 26,585 22,066

14,482 7,919 7,177

37-39 weeks

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,457,420

1,134,983

264,706

141,394

103,522

31,236

201,480

157,899

35.022

266,331 192,680 162,897

215,045 159,848 133,071

40,624 25,892 24,183

40 weeks and over

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1,614,087

1,317,169

241,630

136,025

104,786

25,727

201,761

165,132

29,221

264,761 221 ,56JJ 197,578

236,764 189,767 167,757

36,326 24,880 23,871

All gestation pericds 2

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent distribution

20.0 14.8 12.9

20.5 15.6 13.4

17.6 11.3 10.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

10.7

9.9

14.1

14.9

14.8

15.0

Under 37 weeks

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

100.0

15.1

13.9

17.6

15.8

16.1

14.9

17.7 11.4 9.6

18.5 12.6 10.5

15.7 8.6 7.8

37+9 weeke

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

1OQ.o

11.0

10.2

14.0

15.6

15.5

15.7

20.6 14.9 12.6

21.1 15.7 13.1

18.2 11.6 10.8

40 weeke and over

All races3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14.1

14.0

14.3

19.9 15.5 13.8

20.2 16.1 14.2

17.8 12.2 11.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

9.5

6.9

12.6

‘Expressed inmmpleted weeks.

21ncludss births with period of gestation not stated.

alncludes races other than Mme ~d bl.d(.

NOTE ExcludesdataforCaliiwnia,tiich didnotrequirereportingof weight gain durt~ pmgnency.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). October 25, 1994 ~ 55

Table 20. Percent low bhthwelght by weight gain during pregnancy, period of gestation, and race of mothe~ Total of 49 reporting States

and the Dlatrlot of Columbia, 1992

[Low birthweight is defined as weight of less than 2,500 grams (51b8 OZ)]

Weight gaii during pregnancy

Period of gestation 7 Leas than 16-20 21+?5 26-30 31-35 36-$0 4145 46 pounds Not

end race of mother Total 16 pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds or more stated

All gestational periocs 2

Allracass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 37 weeks

Allracess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wacky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37-39 weeks

Allraces3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40 weeks and over

Allracass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whfie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3 15.3

5.9 12.2

13.4 23.4

42.4 5s.1

40.6 57.2

47.0 60.5

4.5 7.8

3.8 6.4

7.6 11.7

1.6 3.4

1.2 2.5

3.6 6.3

10.9 7.3 5.6 4.4 4.2 4.1

9.2 6.3 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.6

16.6 12.2 10.1 8.2 7.4 6.7

48.5 40.2 35.4 31.8 31.9 31.5

47.9 39.7 34.7 31.2 31.9 31.6

50.3 42.2 37.9 34.5 329 32.2

6.4 4.8 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.1

5.5 4.2 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.9

9.4 7.5 6.5 5.7 5.0 4.5

2.5 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9

2.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7

4.7 3.6 3.0 2.3 2.2 1.9

4.4

3.9

6.6

32.2

32.9

31.2

3.2

2.9

4.6

1.0

0.8

1.9

10.9

8.4

18.0

50.3

47.7

55.1

5.9

4.7

9.3

2.4

1.7

4.7

bpres-ssdin unnpletedweeke.

21nciudes births with peried of gestation nor stated.

31ncl@es races other then whiie and bm.

NOTE Excludes data for Cahrnls, which did not require repxting of weight gain durimg pregnancy.
56 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25,1994 ~

Table 21. Number of live births and percent diatrlb@ion by weight gain during pregnancy and median weigM gain, according to period

of gestation, Hispanic orgin of mother, and race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Totsl of 4S reporting States and the

District of Coiumbia, 19s2

Weight gain during pregnancy

Period of gestation 1 All

M&iarr

Less then 1620 21-25 26-30 3145 36-40 4145 46 pounds weight

and race of mother births Total 16 pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds pounds or more gain

All gestational pericds 2

Allorigins3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispenio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central and South American . . . . . .

Other and unknown Hispanic. . . . . .

Non-Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 37 weeks

Allorigins3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central and South Americarr . . . . . .

Other andunknown l+ispanic. . . . . .

Non-Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37-39 weeks

Allorigins3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PuertoRican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central andSouthAmericen . . . . .

Other and unknown Hispanic. . . . . .

Non-Hispanic4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40 weeks and over

All origins3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Puertol%xm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central andSouthAmerican . . . . . .

Other and unknown Hispanic. . . . .

Non-Hispenic4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,447,294

379,746

209,987

57,458

10,622

56,790

42,366

3,031,339

2,298,955

611,940

372,664

42,091

22,621

7,536

1,076

5,282

4,864

326,885

201,069

113.315

1,450,935

164,140

90,656

24,f330

4,795

25,283

18,526

1,272,664

959,307

256,401

1,605,785

170,651

95,463

24,285

4,734

27,134

19,115

1,418,061

1,130,350

235,504

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

100.0

Io(l.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

9.7

11.9

13.0

11.3

7.1

10.4

10.9

9.5

7.9

15.9

17.4

18.1

19.0

16.1

13.8

17.1

16.9

17.3

13.5

24.6

9.4

11.6

12.8

10.8

6.7

10.1

10.8

9.2

7.7

14.6

8.3

10.7

11.9

10.0

6.1

9.4

9.5

8.0

7.0

13.0

10.7

12.9

13.8

12.2

8.8

12.6

11.6

10.5

9.5

14.1

15.1

16.2

16.7

16.3

12.3

16.7

14.6

15.0

13.6

17.6

11.0

13.2

14.1

12.3

9.1

12.6

12.1

10.7

9.8

14.0

9.5

11.9

12.9

10.9

7.8

11.5

10.3

9.3

6.5

12.7

14.9

15.4

15.7

15.1

12.5

15.4

15.0

14.9

14.7

15.0

15.8

15.6

15.5

16.0

127

16.1

15.7

15.8

16.2

14.9

15.6

15.9

16.2

15.7

13.4

15.5

15.7

15.6

15.5

15.7

14.1

14.8

15.2

14.4

11.5

15.1

14.1

14.0

13.9

14.4

Peroentdistribution

20.0

19.5

18.9

18.8

21.8

21.4

19.5

20.0

20.6

17.5

17.7

17.9

17.1

16.9

20.9

20.4

19.1

17.7

1a.6

15.7

20.6

20.0

19.4

19.6

22.8

22.2

19.3

20.7

21.3

18.1

19.9

19.3

18.8

18.5

21.0

20.8

19.7

19.9

20.3

17.8

14.6

13.5

13.1

13.4

15.1

13.8

14.4

14.9

15.9

11.3

11.4

11.1

10.9

11.2

11.5

11.0

11.8

11.4

12.6

6.6

14.9

13.6

13.2

13.5

15.2

14.2

14.6

15.1

16.0

11.6

15.5

13.9

13.5

13.8

15.8

14.0

14.9

15.6

16.3

12.2

12.9

11.6

11.1

11.6

15.0

12,3

11.8

13.0

13.6

10.6

9.6

9.0

9.2

6.6

11.1

8.6

6.9

9.7

10.7

7.6

12.6

11.4

10.9

11.8

14.9

12.2

11.3

12.7

13.3

10.8

13.8

12.4

11.7

12.6

15.9

13.2

12.9

13.9

14.4

11.7

6.6

6.0

5.8

6.3

7.2

5.7

6.5

6.6

7.0

5.3

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.5

6.3

4.0

4.9

4.8

5.4

3.6

6.3

5.7

5.5

5.9

6.8

5.2

6.7

6.3

6.7

5.3

7.3

6.6

6.3

7.1

7.9

6.5

6.8

7.3

7.6

6.0

10.4

9.3

8.6

11.1

12.5

8.5

10.3

10.6

10.8

10.3

8.3

7.3

8.9

6.2

11.3

6.1

8.2

8.4

9,2

7.1

9.5

6.6

7.9

10.3

11.1

7.9

9.5

9.6

9.8

9.8

11.8

10.5

9.7

12.7

14.1

9.6

11.7

11.9

11.9

12.3

—Pounds

30.5

29.9

28.8

30.2

31.0

30.1

30.3

30.5

30.7

28.5

26.8

26.0

26.8

25.9

30.2

26.1

26.9

26.9

26.7

24.9

30.4

29.5

28.5

30.2

30.8

30.1

30.1

30.4

30.6

28.6

30.8

30.3

30.0

30.6

32.6

30.4

30.6

30.9

31.1

30.2

‘=pressedinccinpleted weeks.

‘Includes births with period of gestation not stated.

31ncludes origin nti stated.

41ncludes races otAer than whte and black.

NOTEExcludesdats forCaliiorniaandNew Hampshire,whlch didncirequirereperting ofeittwrweightgain duringpregnency cfl+ispanicorigin ofmofl?-sr.
~ Monthly VW Ststletics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25,1994 ~ 57

Table 22. Percent low birthweight by weight gain during pregnancy and Hispanic orlgln of mother, and by race of mother for mothers of

non-Hispanic origin: Total of 4S reporting states and the District of Columbia, 1992

~ birthvmight is darlnad as weight of less than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 OZ)]

W@gtrtgainduring pregnancy

Leas than 16-20 21-25 26+0 31-35 - 4145 46 pounds Not

Originof mother Totsl 16 pound.. poun& pounds pounds pormds pourrck pounds ormom stated

Allorigkwi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0

Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2

Oantral and South American . . . . . . 5.9

Other and unknown Hispanic. . . . . . 7.5

Non-Hspanic2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4

15.3

11.8

10.1

17.8

15.3

10.7

14.1

15.8

12.3

2s.5

10.9 7.3

8.4 6.3

7.4 5.6

11.6 8.7

9.7 6.2

7.4 5.5

10.2 7.2

11.2 7.4

9.4 6.3

16.9 12.3

5.6

5.1

4.5

7.0

4.7

4.9

6.0

5.6

4.7

10.2

4.4

4.3

3.8

5.5

5.0

4.0

4.9

4.5

3.8

8.3

4.2

4.0

3.7

5.1

3.9

3.4

4.4

4.3

3.7

7.5

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.4

3.0

4.3

4.1

3.6

6.7

4.4

3.8

3.6

4.5

3.4

3.5

4.4

4.4

4.0

6.6

10.9

8.6

7.5

12.9

12.3

7.9

9.6

11.5

8.3

18.2

1Incluiee Orfgk-1rrot erarad.

%i.-Iudse racee other therr WMS snd b=.

NOTE Excludes data fix Califemie end New Hampshire, which dti not require rapcrting of either weight gain during pmgnanq m H- wigin of mcttrer.

Table 23. Percent of births wfth selected madlcd or health characteristics, by specified rats of mothe~ United Statea, 1992

Aeiarrfx Par5kklander

All Anrerfcan

ctrar&*tic racas Write Black Irrdkw~ Total Chinese Japanese Wtm”ian t71iplrro Other

Mother

Prenatal care beginning in the first trimester . . . . . . 77.7 60.8 63.9 62.1 76.6 63.8 66.2 68.9 78.7 72.8

7hirdtrirneefer ornoprenatalosrs . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2. 4.2 9.9 11.0 4.9 2.9 2.4 7.0 4.3 5.9

Smcker2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 f7.9 13.8 22.5 4.8 1.7 6.6 18.5 4.8 3.6

Drinkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.4 3.3 6.6 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.7

We”~htgain oflesethan161be4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7

0.8

8.3 15.8 14.0 10.0 7.0 9.3 8.9 8.0 11.5

Oeearaandalivery rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 225 22.1 17.8 19.8 20.8 19.5 18.0 24.3 18.0

Infant

Preterm births5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 9.1 18.4 11.6 9.9 7.0 7.9 11.4 10.9 10.5

Birthweight

Very bwbirthweighte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 I.O 3.o 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1

Low birthweight7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1

0.9

5.8 13.3 6.2 6.6 5.0 7.0 6.9 7.4 6.7

4,1XX)grams ormore8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 12.1 5.3 12.3 6.1 6.2 5.1 9.0 6.3 5.9

5-minute Apgaecareof Iesethan 79 . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.2 2.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1

l-minute Apgar score cf Ieeethan 79 . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.9 11.0 8.6 6.4 4.8 4.9 6.8 7.5 6.6

%ckstee birrtrs to Abuts srrd Eskimos. .

2Excludss date from Califcmria. Indiana, New Ymtr, and South Dakota,whichdid rK4 raquh mp+nthg of tobacco use.

3Escludes date fmm CaliikI, New Ycrk, end 6outh Oskota, whkh did net rsquira mpcfthg Of ldcfhd u-.

4Ewludes data fmm Caliiie, tiich dd net require rapxing cf wakght @n.

5Bcm @or to 37 Cmnplatad WA(S Of LS3@On.

%thwalght et less than 1,540 grams (3 lb 4 OZ) IX more.

n2irthwe@ht of ISS3 than 2,500 grams (5 b 8 Cz).

equ~al~t rO 8 lb 14 = or me.

%cludee data fw Caliia and Tesaa, WMII did not require repdng of eiihar 1- w 5-mirruta Apgar score.
Table 24. Percent of births with selected medical or health characteristics, by Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for

mothers of non-Hispan!c origin: Total of 49 reporting States and the District of Columbla, 1992

Origin of mother

Hispanic Non-Hispsnic

Central Other end

All Puerto

Characteristic

and South unknown

origins 1 Total Mexioan Rioen Cuban American Hispanic Totalz White Black

Prenatal care beginning in the first trimester . . . . . 77.7 64.2 62.1 67.8 66.8 66.8 68.0 60.3 84.9 64.0

Third trimester or no prenatal care . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 9.5 10.5 8.0 2.1 7.9 7.5 4.4 :!.8 9.8

Smoker3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 5.8 4.3 12.7

Drinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.9 2.6 10.1 18.2 197 13.6

2.6 1.2 1.0 2.6 0.9 0.8 2.0 2.7 2.5 3.3

Weigtltgain of Iessthan 16 ibs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 11.9 13.0 11.3 7.1 10.4 10.9 9.5 7.9 15.9

Ceaarasn delivery rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 21.2 20.5 21.9 33.9 22.1 22.5 22.5 22.8 22.2

infant

Preterm birihs6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 10.7 10.4 13.2 loco 10.5 11.2 10.7 6.7 18.5

Sirthweight

Very low birIhweight7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 al.g 3.o

Low birthweighte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.1 5.6 9.2 6.1 5.6 7.2 7.3 5.7 +3.4

4,000 grams ormore9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 9.3 9.7 7.1 10.2 9.4 7.9 11.0 12.7 5.3

5-minute Apgar scores of lees than 710 . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.6

l-minute Apgar scores of leas than 710 . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.2 7.9 7.0 4.6 6.2 8.2 8.6 6.0 11.0

1Includes otigin net stated.

21ncludes races other than wfdie end bfack.

3Excludes data fer Californkr, Indiana, New York, and %uth Dakota, which did not raquirs reporting cdtobacco use.

4Exoludss data hum OsMomla,New York, and Seuth Dakota, which did not require reporting of alcohol use.

5E+dudee date from California, which did not WUirE rerrertingof w0i9ht 9ain.

e Bom prior te 37 completed weeka of gestation.

7 Birthwelght of leas than 1,500 grams (3 lb 4 OZ),

8 Bitiweight of less than 2,5WI grams (5 lb 8 ‘@.

9 Equjvalsnt to 8 lb 14 Oz ~ mOm.

folZxcludes data for Califomie ~d Texas, which did not require reperiimg of dthSr 1-Or 5-minUtS APW SSOre.

NOTE Excludes New Hempshlre, tiich did not raquiro repating of Hispanic origin of mother.
~ Monthly Vital Statiatloa Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Ootober 25, 1994 ~ 59

Table25. Live births with sslected medical risk factors and rstes by age of mother, by rata of mother: Unitsd States, 1992

[Rates are numberof live birthswithspecifiedmedicalriskfactorper 1,000 live birthsin spedfied group]

Age of mofher

Medical

Medical risk r%tor AI risk facivr 20-24 25-29

end race of moiher

30-84 35-38 40-49

biritrs 1 reported a: Z&% years years years years years s%

All mC8S 2

Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oardiecdisaase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acutaor chronichmgdiseaaa . . . . ...’...

Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genitalherpes3,4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydramnioa/Oligohydremnios3.. . . . . . . . .

Hemoglobinopathy3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

Hypertension,chronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension,pregnancy-asaodsted. . . . . .

Eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

incompetentoerJx3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previousinfant4,000+ grarns3. . . . . . . . . .

Previouspreterrnor small-forgeetational-egeinfant3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renal diseaae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rheensitization5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utarinebleading4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CMdiaodiseaee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acute or chroniclungdisease . . . . . ...”..

Oiabates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genitalherpes3,4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydramnios/Oiigottydramnios3.. . . . . . . . .

Hemoglobinopathy3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension,chronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension,pregnancy-aaeociated. . . . . .

Eclampaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lncOmpetentoarvix3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Praviousinfant4,000+ grams3. . . . . . . . . .

Previouspretermor small-forgeetational-ageinfant3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renal diseaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhaensitiz.stioh5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utetine bleeding4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oardiic diseaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acute orchronic lungdisease . . . . . . . . . .

Oiabates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genitalherpes3,4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydrsmnioe/OIigohydramnios3.. . . . . . . . .

Hemoglobinopathy3. . . . . . . . . ...”....

Hypertension,chronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension,pregnancy-aaaociated. . . . . .

Eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lncOmpaterrtcewix3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Previousinfant4,000+ gr6ms3. . . . . . . . . .

Previouspretermor small-forgastational-ageinfant3. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renal disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhsenaitizatiin5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UterinebIeading4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. Number

4,065,014

4,066,014

4,066,014

4,065,014

3,566,024

3,806,669

3,806,669

4,06-5,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

3,806,668

3,806,668

3,806,668

4,065,014

4,026,967

3,744,169

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,678

2,735,677

3,065,675

3,065,875

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,066,675

3,065,875

3,065,675

3,201,678

3,166,004

2,931,460

673,683

673,633

673,683

673,633

613,966

656,971

656,971

673,633

673,633

673,633

656,971

656,971

658,971

673,63S

670,319

630,617

71,842

16,544

16,583

102,253

28,747

28,660

2,160

25,864

IIZ419

14,369

8,516

36,783

45,073

8,8SS

24,632

29,159

47,424

12,824

12,S27

81,610

2s,2s5

22,765

770

17,836

6;S01

34,926

33,763

7,266

22,375

24,098

20,s25

2,190

3,665

13,870

4,723

5,797

1,259

7,200

17,866

3,567

1,845

2,448

9,424

1,336

2,082

3,985

18.3

3.9

4.2

25.9

8.2

7.9

0.6

6.6

26.5

3.6

2.2

10.2

11.9

2.3

e.4

8.0

15.3

4.2

4.0

26.3

8.5

7.6

0.3

6.8

29.2

3.3

2.1

11.7

11.3

2.3

7.3

8.4

31.3

3.4

5.6

21.3

7.9

9.1

2.0

11.1

27.7

5.5

3.1

3.9

14.9

2.1

3.2

6.5

26.8

2.3

5.3

8.9

5.6

6.2

0.8

2.7

33.4

‘5.6

1.1

1.6

6.1

2.9

4.9

6.1

22.4

2.2

4.8

9.9

4.6

7.9

0.2

2.3

34.4

4.6

1.1

1.8

5.5

3.3

6.9

6.5

36.5

2.7

6.8

6.5

7.9

8.9

2.1

3.9

31.1

7.8

1.2

0.9

7.5

2.2

2.9

5.3

22.0

2.9

4.3

16.4

7.1

7.9

0.6

4.0

2e.6

3.7

1.6

6.3

11.8

2.7

5.9

7.2

18.2

3.0

3.9

17.2

6.7

7.9

0.2

3.6

30.2

3.5

1.4

7.2

10.6

26

6.6

7.6

34.5

2.8

5.9

13.1

9.2

8.7

2.0

5.8

24.1

4.9

2.4

2.6

15.5

2.3

3.2

8.1

Rate

15.5

4.0

3.7

25.6

7.9

7.4

0.5

5.9

27.8

3.1

2.2

11.0

12.0

2.1

6.5

8.0

13.1

4.2

3.6

25.5

8.2

7.1

0.3

5.2

26.1

3.0

2.0

12.2

11.2

2.2

7.4

6.3

28.7

3.6

4.5

24.0

7.8

9.3

2.0

11.0

26.0

4.3

3.9

4.8

17.5

1.6

3.2

7.1

14.2

5.2

3.9

35.3

9.9

7.5

0.5

8.6

26.0

3.1

3.0

15.2

13.4

1.8

7.1

9.1

12.7

6.5

3.8

34.1

10.7

7.2

0.2

7.3

26.2

2.9

2.9

16.8

13.0

1.8

8.0

9.5

25.1

4.3

5.1

39.1

6.7

9.8

1.8

20.4

28.2

4.8

5.0

6.8

18.5

1.8

3.6

7.4

14.1

5.8

4.8

50.6

11.6

9.2

0.5

14.4

SO.4

3.6

3.9

18.4

15.9

1.8

7.2

9.6

12.6

6.0

4.5

46.2

13.1

9.0

0.4

11.8

X).2

3.3

3.8

20.5

15.6

1.8

8.1

9.9

24.4

5.4

6.0

57.9

5.7

12.1

1.7

36.4

35.2

6.2

5.4

8.1

19.5

1.7

4.0

7.8

14.8

6.4

4.9

69.6

10.5

11.0

0.5

24.5

37.8

4.6

3.6

21.4

17.0

2.2

7.1

10.4

13.1

6.5

5.3

66.0

12.2

10.3

*

19.9

37.2

4.1

3.5

23.8

16.5

22

8.2

11.0

23.3

7.0

3.7

64.3

4.4

16.4

●

59.9

50.9

e.3

4.5

12.4

19.3

●

4.1

9.8

Number

123,515

123,515

123,515

123,515

78,484

116,156

116,158

123,515

123,515

12s,515

116,158

116,158

116,156

123,515

124,509

65,870

95,636

95,6S6

952636

95,636

57,467

69,928

69,928

95,636

95,636

85,636

69,928

89,926

69,928

95,636

96,760

63,392

23,778

23,778

2S,778

23,778

18,157

22,496

22,496

28,778

23,778

28,778

22,496

22,496

22,498

23,778

23,633

19,4s7

lTCM r-mrnb-sr of births to residents of srsae repcwtlng Sp3Ch%d Msdhi ~ek fem.

Z[nctwes races othar thSII wtiie end bkk.

3New York U& (but not New York State) reports th!s risk fectw.

hexes does not report this risk faotor.

5KSIISSS doee not rsperr tfds risk fester.
Table 26. Number and rate of live births with aeleoted medical risk faotons, oompllcatlons of labor, and obstetric procedure, by

specified race of motha~ Unitad States, 1992

[Rates are number of live births with specified risk feotora, implications, or proosdures per 1,000 tire births in speoified group]

Asian or Pacific Islander

Medi& risk fsoto~ All Am&mln

implication, and obstetric procedure races White Black ‘ ToM Chinese Japanese Hawaiian IWipino Offser

Medical risk factors

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,942

oiabefes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,253

Hypertension, pregnanoy-sseociated. . . . . . . . . 112,419

Utenneblaeding2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,159

Complications of labor and/or delivery

Maconium, moderate~eavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,705

Premature rupture of membrane . . . . . . . . . . . 126,697

Dysfunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,959

Ereech/Malpresenfetion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,063

Cephalopelvic disproportion3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,118

Fafeldiatress4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,464

Obetetrfc procedures

Amniocentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,433

Electronic fetal monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076,276

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453,093

Ultrasound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,305,53S

Stimulation of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513,161

Medical risk factors

Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3

Oiabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9

Hypertension, prqnanoy-aseociatad. . . . . . . . . 28.5

Uterfne bleading2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0

Camplicationa of Ie!mr andlor deliiery

Mecanium, mcderate~eavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9

Premature rupturaofmembrane . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0

Dysfunofional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6

Breech/Malpresentation. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 37.7

Cephalopelvic disproportlon3,4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3

Fetal diatress4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9

Obstetric procedures

Amniwentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7

Elaotronic fetsl monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772.5

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8

Ultrasound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579.0

.%imuletion of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.9

47,424

81,6i0

80,666

24.08S

175,207

26,178

95,604

123,531

95,401

114,623

107,766

2,439,042

384,886

1,862,716

416,S06

15.3

26.3

29.2

8.4

56.2

30.9

30.7

39.6

34.8

39.9

34.3

777.0

122.6

5s3.4

132.8

20,325

13,870

17,866

3,8s5

55,024

24,SS0

16,366

19,086

15,887

32,845

11,629

503,787

52,371

345,694

73,898

31.3

21.3

27.7

6.5

64.3

37.6

25.1

26.2

26.6

53.3

17.7

767.6

79.6

527.0

112.7

2,169

1 ,6s6

1,615

346

2,516

1,719

1,209

1,414

958

1,446

843

29,500

4,600

22,331

4,747

57.0

43.9

42.1

9.2

65.4

44.7

31.4

36.7

25.6

36.2

24.4

762,9

119.0

577.5

122.8

2,004

5,087

2,132

750

7,956

4,020

3,5s0

5,050

4,672

4,770

6,073

103,947

11,164

74,597

17,506

Rate

13.6

34.5

14.5

5.3

54.0

27.3

24.3

34,2

35.3

33.8

41.0

70+ .9

75.3

503.7

118.2

265

1,022

244

115

1,253

736

738

862

897

761

1,502

17,252

2,012

11,970

3,0s4

10.3

41.4

9.9

4.8

50.8

29.9

29.9

34,9

36.6

320

60.6

696.2

61.2

4s3.0

124.9

61

283

141

61

317

242

210

362

312

264

782

6,377

755

5,125

1,177

6.8

31.4

15.6

6.9

35.1

26.8

23.3

40.1

36.1

2S.8

86.6

706.0

63.6

567.4

130.3

157

175

112

13

347

146

90

228

223

157

194

4,57s

4s0

3,375

728

26.6

28.8

19.1

*

5s.1

25.2

15.3

3910

3s.4

27.0

33.0

7s0.1

78.4

575.0

124.0

341

1,128

623

15S

1,623

715

639

997

1,228

1,0s3

1,299

19,841

2,0s2

14,530

3,106

11.9

39.4

21.7

5.7

56.6

24.9

22.3

34.8

44.5

36.0

45.2

682.8

70.6

505.1

108.0

1,180

2,479

1,012

403

4,418

2,177

1,803

2,600

2,212

2,525

2,288

56,096

5,885

39,597

9,403

15.0

31.3

12.6

5.4

55.8

27.5

24.0

328

30.3

33.7

28.8

7+.4

74.0

497.2

116.1

llncludesbirths to Mum and Eskimos.

%exas does not report this risk factor.

3f4ew .fork @ ~ti not NW YOfkstate)rmm bk Wmfihtion.

4TSXS5tjm notreporttihCOITlPbStiC4L
~ Monthly Vital statistics Repott ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Octobar 25, 1994 ~ 61

Table 27. Number and rate of live births with selected medical risk factors, complications of labor, and obstetric procedures, by Hispanic

origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Total of 49 reporting States and the District of Columbia,

1992

[Rates are number of live birtha with specified risk factors, complications, or procedures per 1,000 Iiie births in specified group]

Origin of rrroftrer

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

central Oifrer and

Medical risk r%ctoficomplication, All Puerto and south unknown

and obstetric procedure origins 1 Total Mw”can Rican Cuban American Hispanic Tokr12 White Black

Medical risk factors

Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oiabetaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension, pregnancy-aaaociated. . . . . . . . .

Utenneblaading3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Complications of labor and/or deliiery

Meconium, moderete/heavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane . . . . . . . . . . .

Oyafunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Breech/Malpresentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caphatopelvic disproportion4,5 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fatal di3tress5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obstetric procedures

Amn”wntesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic fetal monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uitraeound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulation of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . . . .

Medical risk factors

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension, pregnancy-associated. . . . . . . . .

Uterine bleeding3 . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oomplicatiorsaof labor and/or de~weiy

Meconium, mcderate/heavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane . . . . . . . . . . .

Dysfunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Breech/Malpreeantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cephalopelvic dispropottion4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fetaidiatress5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obstetric procedures

Amniocent~”s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electmnicfetal monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulaticm of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,722

101,975

112,016

29,050

289,817

125,654

116,415

146,365

116,421

152,681

125,543

3,062,950

450,623

2,293,115

511,126

18.3

26.0

28.5

a.o

60.9

31.9

29.6

37.7

33.3

4~ .9

31.7

772.3

113.7

578.2

128.9

11,137

14,633

11,647

2,522

36,002

14,217

16,5S2

19,144

12,645

18,289

10,409

426,591

44,521

266,656

63,668

18.0

23.9

18.8

4.9

60.9

22.8

26.6

30.7

25.3

35.9

16.5

678.1

70.8

423.9

101.5

6,567

9,227

7,413

1,461

23,718

7,554

10,134

12,373

7,666

11,066

5,749

274,278

28,602

166,512

41,139

15.8

22.2

17.8

4.5

56.5

18.0

24.1

29.5

24.7

34.6

13.6

648.1

68.1

398.2

97.2

1,462

1,605

1,094

354

4,128

2,314

1,650

1,977

1,350

2,024

1,202

45,972

4,766

31,598

6,669

25.9

31.5

19.1

6.3

71.9

40.4

32.3

34.5

25.3

35.8

20.9

600.0

82.9

549.8

119.5

192

330

246

47

600

293

460

443

379

373

326

8,334

872

5,247

t ,040

16.6

28.0

21.8

4.2

52.7

25.7

40.4

36.9

34.3

33.3

28.6

730.0

76.4

459.6

91.1

916

2,164

1,447

431

6,376

2,528

2,453

2,677

1,816

3,186

1,722

61,363

5,397

34,895

8,296

Rate

10.5

24.8

16.6

5.3

73.2

29.0

28.2

30.7

23.3

39.1

19.7

703.6

61.9

400.1

95.1

1,960

1,307

1,445

239

3,165

1,526

1,665

1,674

1,214

1,626

1,410

36,644

4,664

26,406

6,522

41.1

27.1

30.0

6.0

65.5

31.4

34.7

34.4

31.1

40.4

28.3

735.9

94.1

530.3

131.0

59,857

66,064

89,326

26,142

199,399

109,634

96,395

127,754

102,730

133,162

112,761

2,608,043

401,823

2,003,375

442,128

16.3

26.3

30.4

8.4

60.8

33.5

30.0

39.0

34.7

42.9

34.2

78Q.4

121.8

607.1

134.0

243,059

66,065

78,131

21,190

135,791

60,357

77,991

102,996

81,617

95,281

94,739

,966,575

335,543

,572,467

346,890

14.7

26.9

31.8

9.1

55.1

32.6

31.7

41.8

36.9

40.8

36.2

801.8

135.3

634.0

140.7

19,872

13,507

17,613

3,893

53,702

24,016

15,642

18,563

15,581

31,953

11,297

492,004

51,201

838,335

71,881

31.3

21.3

27.7

6.5

24.3

37.7

24.9

28.2

26.7

58.4

17.6

767.5

78.9

527.8

112.1

1Includesoriginnotststad.

21MIMSSrams otherthanvhiie and black.

%xSs doesti reportthisfactor.

4NewY&k Ctty(butnotNewYork8tate) ra$sortaIMs mmplimtion.

~exss doasnotrepmtthiscomplication.

NOTE ExcludesNew Hampshire,whii did tit requirersportlngof Hlspanioori@nof nrothec
Table 28. Number of live births by smoking status of mother, percent smokwa, and percent diatrlbution by average number of cigarette

smoked by mothers par day, acoording to age and rats of mothe~ Total of 48 repotilng Ststea and the Diatrlct of Columbia, 11932

Age of mother

15-19 years

Smoking status, smoking measure, All Under 15-17 18-19 2LP24 25-29 3W4 35-69 40-49

and race of mother ages 15 years Total m pam years years years years years

All racas 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All races 1

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-6cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-10cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-15cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-20cigarettes . . . . . . ...<.. . .

21-30cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3140cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41 cigarettesormore. . . . . . . . . . .

White

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I+cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-10cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-15cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16-20cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21-30cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31-40cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41 cigar8ttesormore. . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-6cigarattea . . . . . . . . . ..c.. .

6-10cigarattes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-15cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18-20cigaratles. ..c 4...4... . .

21-30cigarettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31-40cigarattes. c . . . . . . . . . . . .

41 cigarattesormore. . . . . . . . . . .

3,C80,239

506,023

2,486,246

67,970

2,413,566

420,713

1,925,482

67,393

556,829

74,450

465,256

16,923

16.9

17.9

13.8

100.0

21.4

40.4

6.5

26.3

3.7

1.4

0.2

100.0

16.7

39.9

7.2

2S.3

4.2

1.5

0.2

100.0

35.4

42.9

3.0

16.0

1.5

0.9

0.2

9,772

852

8,631

289

3,808

531

3,148

130

5,704

100

5,450

154

6.9

14.4

1.8

100.0

38.7

40.4

4.8

14.3

●

*

●

100.0

34.6

42.3

5.2

16.3

●

●

●

100.0

57.1

31.9

●

*

*

*

*

397,738

71,812

315,174

f 0,752

259,314

62,50S

169,621

6,S87

127,181

7,346

116,344

3,491

16.6

24.8

5.9

100.0

27.2

43.5

5.2

21

2.2

0.6

0.1

100.0

24.3

44.2

5.6

22.6

2.4

0.6

0.1

100.0

46.0

36.4

2.1

9.8

0.6

0.7

*

147,376

22,401

120,670

4,105

8s,637

19,379

88,764

2,474

54,842

2,305

50,832

1,505

15.6

22.5

4.3

.

100.0

31.2

44

4.4

16

1.8

0.6

0.1

100.0

26.3

45.0

4.7

19.3

2.0

0.6

*

100.0

52.1

35.5

1.7

9.0

*

*

*

Number

250,362

49,4fl

194,304

6,647

170,677

43,127

123,137

4,413

72,539

5,041

65,512

1,9ss

826,3S7

163,134

8s9,953

22,280

616,031

136,063

461,867

16,081

163,285

21,591

168,26a

5,40s

Percent

20.3 20.3

25.9 23.0

7.1 12.1

Percent distribution

100.0

25.4

43.3

5.6

22.4

2.3

0.9

0.1

100.0

22.5

4S.6

6.0

24.1

2.5

0.9

0.1

100.0

46a2

39.6

2.2

10.3

0.6

0.6

*

I00.0

21.7

41.3

6.4

26

3.2

1.2

0.2

100.0

16.6

41.2

7.0

26.2

3.6

1.2

0.2

100.0

39.2

42.6

2.5

13.8

1.2

0.7

0.1

891,628

139,72s

726,655

25,244

732,061

114,596

597,345

20,139

127,147

22,361

100,716

4,068

16.1

16.1

18.2

100.0

20.2

40

6.9

27.4

3.9

1.4

0.2

100.0

17.3

39.1

7.7

28.7

4.5

1.6

0.2

100.0

84.1

44.1

3.1

16.3

1.5

0.6

0.2

667,s4s

94,014

653,655

20,177

583,415

76,046

470,726

16,603

78,324

16,214

59,461

2,629

14.5

13.9

21.4

100.0

19.6

3S.6

7.1

27.9

4.7

1.9

0.2

100.0

17.2

37.4

7.9

29.9

5.3

2.0

0,2

100.0

2a.9

44.1

3.6

19,1

1.9

1.2

0.2

246,391

32,295

206,180

7,906

206,8:?6

25,480

174,665

6,48(I

30,0w

6,067

22,989

999

13.4

12.7

20.9

100.0

18.6

38.8

6.5

26.3

5.6

2.6

0.4

100,0

16.3

35.2

7.1

31.3

6.4

3.2

0.5

100.0

27.0

43.0

3.9

21.8

2.3

1.6

0.4

39,237

4,3s7

33,6S6

1,322

32,112

3,491

27,646

1,073

4,953

771

4,006

174

11.6

11.2

16.1

100.0

16.4

34.9

7.0

29.6

6.0

3.3

0.5

100.0

16.2

33.9

7.6

31.2

6.9

3.7

*

100.0

27.1

36.9

4.5

24.2

2.9

●

●

1Includss races ether thm Wshed b~.

NOTP Excluds3dstsforCSlifcnSia,Indlms, NawYwk, andSouthDakota,Whbh dldnd raquirsrePCIUWof bbscto useduringPwf!ancY.
Table 29. Number of live bitihs by smoking status of mother and percent of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnanc~ by age

and Hispanic origin of mother and by race of mother for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: Totsi of 45 reporting States and the District of

Coiumbia, 1982

Smoking status Age of mother

15-19 yeara

Not All Under 15

Origin of mother

15-17 16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4049

Total Smoker Nonsmoker stated ages yeara Total years years years years years yams years

Number

502,697 2,473,412

Percentsmokers

Alioriginsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 6.9 18.5 15.6 20.0 20.3

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,064,249

324,649

203,564

35,860

10,022

35,508

39,595

2,714,613

2,063,552

546,925

87,640 16.1 14.5 13.4 11.5

la,osi 284,919 11,649 5.8 3.4 5.8 5.3 6.0 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.0

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PufrtoRicsn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central and South American . . . . . .

Other and unknown Hispanic . . . . . .

Non-HispanicZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,317 la7,051

4,390 30,215

580 9,350

690 33,724

3,694 34,579

8,196

1,355

82

894

1,122

4.3 3.4 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.2

12.7 * 11.2 9.4 12.2 13.9

5.9 * 6.6 * 6.1 6.3

2.6 * 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.3

10.1 * 9.5 8.5 10.1 11.3

4.1 4.7 4.6 4.6

13.0 12.5 11.5 9.7

5.2 6.4 6.9 +

2.4 2.8 3.2 *

9.6 9.1 10.3 10.2

460,240 2,181,480 72,893 18.2 7.4 20.6 17.5 22.2 22.3 17.2 15.2 14.1 12.3

Whife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

396,714 1,613,497

73,392 457,364

63,341

16,162

19.7 20.9 29.9 26.3 30.4 26.2

13.8 1.8 5.9 4.3 7.0 12.1

17.4 14.7 13.5 12.1

18.3 21.6 21.0 16.4

1Includes &gin rw stated.

4-WI@SS mm other than wfii and black

NOTE Excludes data for Celifwrk, Indiana, New Hampshire, New York, and W Deketa, which did not rsquire rajxxting of eittw H-b @in of rnothw or tobacco use during pragmmy.

Table 30. Number of iive births, percent of mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, and percent distribution by average

number of cigarettes smoked by mothers per day, according to aducationai attainment and race of mothec Totai of 48 reporting states

and the District of Columbia, 1992

Years of actrool completed by mother

Smoking measure and o-8 %11 12 1%15 16 years Not

race of mother Total yeara years years Years orrrMra afated

Number

1,143,560

877,591

230,567

Percerrf

20.1

22.1

13.5

Percentdisfribtion

100.0

61.2

33.8

5.1

Ailracaai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,060,239

2,413,666

556,629

144,221

116,035

20,455

515,655

350,357

148,517

646,4s9

520,660

1C5,876

561,145

514,397

49,142

34,326

10,616

Whtie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.9

17.9

13.a

16.8

18.3

11.4

30.6

35.9

19.3

120

126

10.1

3.9

4.0

4.7

17.2

17.5

20.3

All races 1

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

61.9

32a

5.4

100.0

55.9

35.6

6.5

100.0

60.5

33.5

6.0

100.0

64.8

30.7

4.4

Icm.o

73.9

22.5

3.6

1W.o

63.7

30.8

5.6

10cigaratlea orless . . . . . . . . . . .

11–20cigarettea. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21cigarattes ormore . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10cig8rsttea orles3 . . . . . . . . . . .

11-20 cigamttea. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21cigaraftes ormore . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

66.6

35.5

6.9

100.0

“S3.5

37.3

9.2

100.0

66.3

37.0

6.8

100.0

68.0

36.5

5.5

100.0

623

328

4.9

100.0

73.0

23.1

3.8

100.0

58.9

33.7

6.5

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

78.3

19.0

2.6

100.0

72.3

28.9

3.9

100.0

77.6

19.3

3.1

100.0

782

18.4

2.3

100.0

78.1

l&9

20

100.0

81.0

17.7

12

100.0

74.1

23.0

2.9

10cigareltes orless . . . . . . . . . . .

Il+tlcigaraftee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21cigarettes ormora . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 31. Percent low birthweight by smoking status, age, and race of mothe~ Total of 4S reporting States and the District of Columbia,

1992

[Lowbirthweight is defined as weight of leas than 2,500 grams (5 lb 8 OZ)]

Age of mother

15-19 years

Smoking status All Under 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-23 3LL34 33-39 40-49

and race of mother ages 15 years ToW years years years yeans years years years

All races 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notetated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whfle

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatafed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonsmoker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notefated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.3 13.4

11,5 13.2

6,3 13.4

9.1 14.2

5.9 9.9

9.7 12.6

5.0 9.3

7.2 ●

13.4 15.9

22.1 *

11.9 16.0

16.8 14.3

9.6 10.5 9.1 7.4 6.3 “ 6.6 7.7 6.7

11.0 11.4 10.8 10.1 11.2 12.9 15.6 16.9

9.2 10.2 8.6 6.6 5.3 5.5 6.4 7.6

11.8 13.1 11.1 9.4 8.2 8.0 9.7 9.2

7.9 8<5 7.5 6.0 5.2 5.5 6.5 7.4

10.4 11.0 10.1 8.8 9.1 10.3 12.6 14.2

8.9 7.6 6.5 5.1 4.4 4.7 5.5 6.8

9.8 10.3 9.6 7.3 6.5 6.4 8.3 7.9

13.5 13.9 13.2 12.3 13.1 14.8 16.2 16.7

16.7 16.1 17.0 16.8 22.4 25.7 28.6 29.1

13.2 13.6 12.8 11.3 10.9 11.6 12.8 14.3

16.2 17.8 15.0 15.6 17.0 18.5 19.4 16.7

‘IncludaaracasotherIharrwhiteendblack.

NOTE Excludesdatafor Oalhrrda, Indiena,NewYork,and BauthDakota,whkh didnotrequireraporifngoftobacm ueadurhg pregnamy.
Table 32. Numbar of live bhths by drinking atetus of mother, percent of mothers who drank during pregnancy, and percent distribution

by average number of drinka per week, according to age and race of mothec Total of 47 reporting States and the District of Columbia,

1992

Age of mother

15-19 yeara

Drinking status, drinking measure, All Under 15-17 18-19 2&24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40+9

and race of mother ages 15 yeans Total w years . years years w years years

All races 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nondrinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatatsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whte

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drinker.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nondrinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nondrinke r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notafated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allracesl

Drinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idrinkorleaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5drinksormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whte

Drinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idrinkorleae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.8+drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5drinkeormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Drinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idrinkorlese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

5drinksormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,164,379

78,651

2,893,122

92,606

2,467,502

57,494

2,359,345

70,863

566,055

18,282

523,591

18,202

2.6

2.4

3.3

100.0

80.7

16.5

10.5

12.3

100.0

67.9

15.2

8.5

8.4

100.0

37.5

21.1

16.9

24.5

9,973

62

9,586

305

3,908

46

3,732

130

5,808

30

5,608

168

0.8

1.2

0.5

100.0

62.7

*

●

●

100.0

*

*

●

*

100.0

*

●

*

*

409,408

5,361

392,528

11,497

288,377

3,744

257,205

7,426

i 29,734

1,251

124,786

3,897

1.4

1.4

1.0

100.0

59.6

17.0

11.2

12.3

100.0

64.0

14.9

10.1

11.0

100.0

48.0

22.8

14.0

15.1

151,457

1,701

145,397

4,369

91,806

1,169

87,794

2,845

66,737

398

53,752

1,567

1.2

1.3

0.7

100.0

59.3

17.3

11.1

12.3

100.0

62.2

17.0

9.8

11.0

100.0

52.6

18.2

14.2

15.0

Number

257,949

3,660

247,131

7,138

176,769

2,575

169,411

4,783

73,997

853

71,034

2,110

650,686

16,613

810,132

23,841

637,837

11,059

e09,541

17,287

186,549

4,756

176,008

5,785

1.5 2.0

1.5 1.6

1.2 2.6

Peroentdietribution

100.0 100.0

59.7 58.3

18.8 16.2

11.2 11.6

12.3 13.9

100.0 100.0

64.8 65.4

14.0 14.9

10.2 9.2

11.0 10.5

100.0 100.0

46.0 42.6

24.8 20.1

14.0 16.3

15.2 21.0

916,805

22,664

887,819

26,222

754,863

16,150

718,027

20,786

129,080

5,906

118,767

4,387

2.6

2.2

4.7

100.0

60.1

16.2

10.7

13.0

1rlo.o

69.2

14.3

8.1

8.4

100.0

34.6

22.1

17.8

25.3

683,809

22,723

839,965

21,121

578,086

17,725

543,085

17,256

79,409

4,412

72,117

2,880

3.4

3.2

5.8

100.0

82.6

16.5

9.9

11.0

1CO.o

69.1

15.6

8.1

7.2

100.0

34.4

20.6

17.4

27.6

253,578

9,634

285,712

8,232

211,503

7,659

197,139

6,705

30,472

1,711

27,686

1,085

3.9

3.7

5.6

100.0

82.3

16.8

9.9

11.0

100.0

67.9

16.2

8.5

7.4

10+3.0

33.9

20.8

16.9

28.4

40,122

1,354

37,38a

1,868

32,848

1,111

30,616

1,121

5,025

198

4,639

1811

3.5

3.5

4.1

100.0

58.1

19.0

9.9

12.9

100.0

62.6

18.6

9.0

9.8

100.0

31.7

23.2

14.1

31.0

llrwludasracesorher thanwhiieandbladr.

NOTEExcludeedata forCaliia,NewYo6r, an&80ulhDakota,which dklmtrequirareporiing ofalcolmlusaduring pregnancy.
Table 33. Live births by month of pregnancy prenatal care began and percent of mothers beginning care in the first trimester and

percent with late or no care, by age and race of mother: United States, 1992

Month of pregnancy prenate/ care bagam

Isttrimester 2d frinraater Late or no oere Peroant

All let and2d 3d 4th-6Yh 7th-9ttr No Not Ist Late or

Age and race of mother births Total months month months Total months awe stated trimester no cam

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Undar15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeaffi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I?years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-22years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-28years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014 3,091,543

12,220

505,415

28,267

60,136

96,146

136,663

179,203

1,070,480

1,179,2S4

895,271

344,644

57,710

3,201,678

5,367

342,739

15,866

37,256

65,W4

95,849

128,004

814,422

964,=

745,510

282,617

46,437

673,633

6,446

146,600

12,432

20,970

28,600

3a,362

45,436

216,057

157,960

100,338

39,362

6,640

5,057

292,292

14,216

32,023

55,639

61,180

109,864

744,811

958,007

757,955

287,523

45,196

2,541,435

2,476

209,301

8,257

20,841

38,842

59,032

82,129

591,097

6JJ9,204

648,912

242,806

37,539

415,744

2,420

75,493

5,579

10,247

15,167

19,918

24,562

128,776

106,653

70,308

26,844

4,360

2,260,718

2,746

177,566

8,040

18,565

33,034

49,218

68,722

509,673

725,686

668,469

222,366

33,966

1,667,466

i ,337

127,516

4,702

12,125

23,182

35,865

51,622

409,308

620,832

609,405

190,400

28,667

277,970

1,339

45,302

3,126

5,944

6,993

12,017

15,222

84,037

75,020

50,278

19,032

2,965

630,625

2,302

115,406

6,176

13,528

22,605

31,862

41,135

235,138

232,121

169,466

65,155

11,210

653,949

1,139

81,785

3,555

8,816

15,760

23,147

30,507

181,788

166,372

132,507

52,506

6,852

137,174

1,081

30,184

2,453

4,303

6,184

7,801

9,333

44,739

31,633

20,030

7,912

1,395

679,052

4,695

151,518

10,513

19,825

30,366

41,016

49,738

230,664

152,766

92,831

37,862

8,293

471 ,na

1,914

26,974

5,411

11,662

19,340

26,621

33,670

162,132

110,528

67,265

27,021

5,944

170,146

2,633

42,255

4,776

7,475

10,014

12,635

14,355

56,470

32,282

18,427

7,649

1,422

205,914

2,026

47,638

3,585

6,510

9,510

13,046

15,177

70,154

45,003

26,763

11,512

2,618

130,561

621

28,890

1,665

3,770

5,756

7,222

9,517

45,437

29,087

17,075

7,445

1,606

64,024

1,125

17,116

1,616

2,460

3,400

4.574

21,411

12,952

7,734

3,118

56a

137,257

1,370

33,224

2,469

4,631

6,555

9,040

10,579

47,917

28,001

16,632

7,211

1,632

91,717

564

20,745

1,289

2,742

4,111

5,722

6,874

32,512

20,130

11,603

4,883

1,170

36,527

744

11,112

1,105

1,690

2,172

2,927

3,218

12,766

6,492

3,659

1,479

275

68,657

666

14,544

1,106

1,879

2,955

4,006

4,598

22,237

16,002

9,931

4,301

986

36,844

257

8,145

566

1,026

1,645

2,263

2,643

12,925

8,957

5,472

2,452

636

27,497

3al

6,004

511

790

1,228

1,647

1,828

6,645

6,4W

4,075

1,639

293

66,506

442

13,067

943

1,706

2,631

3,421

4,364

24,661

23,465

17,622

7,647

1,601

57,204

1%

7,574

443

8s3

1,526

2,034

2,6a6

15,756

15,767

12,25S

5,245

1,146

24,317

270

4,936

461

766

868

1,235

1,473

7,400

5,663

3,870

1,676

300

n.7

42.9

52.5

50.2

~.$

56.:3

60.0

62.8

71.2

82.9

66.4

65.3

60.6

80.8

47.5

62.4

53.2

57.S

60.8

62.9

66.5

74.0

65.3

66.5

67.6

82.9

63.9

39.2

53.2

46.6

50.-?

53.”1

63.0

55.9

61.7

70:3

72A)

71.4

66.6

5.2

17.2

9.7

12.7

11.1

10.0

9.6

8.7

6.7

3.9

3.0

3.4

4.7

4.2

i 5.8

8.6

12.0

10.4

9.0

8.5

7.6

5.7

3.1

2.3

2.7

4.0

9.9

18.2

12.1

13.5

12.3

11.9

12.3

11.5

10.3

6.5

8.0

8.3

9.0

1Includes races other than whke and black.
~ Monthly VHal Wtimics RepoR*Voi.4, No.5(S) oOdober25, lW ~ 67

Table34. Percent of mothers beginning prenatei oare in the first trimester and percent of mothers with late or no prenatal care by race

of mothe~ United States and each State, 1992

[By place of residence]

Percent beginning care in 1st trimester Percent Iste 1 or no care

All At/

Sfate races 2 White Black races 2 White Black

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ariiona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caliiomia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oolorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diatrict of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJemay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMexim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorIh Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhrxfelsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weatvirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77.7

77.1

83.1

71.3

72.3

75.1

79.0

87.5

60.5

56.9

77.9

75.8

73.6

76.6

76.2

78.3

88.2

83.6

60.1

76.3

67.3

35.0

87.2

30.8

81.8

74.9

80.5

78.2

82.3

71.5

87.3

81.5

61.7

74.7

79.4

82.2

62.3

74.6

78.7

79.6

e8.5

71.3

78.0

79.6

70.3

B5.o

84.5

81.8

79.8

76.7

82,0

79.0

30.8

84.2

S5.6

73.0

77.0

74.9

80.1

89.8

e&7

87.0

82.2

82.6

76.8

78.8

82.6

80.4

36.9

65.0

81.6

85.5

87.4

W.7

68.1

34.9

34.9

S4.8

84.0

SO.9

83.7

73.5

87.5

88.1

64.6

79.9

SS.8

84.4

85.3

77.9

79.3

84.3

80.4

S0.8

Q2.3

83.6

71.2

88.0

84.7

86.6

81.0

77.5

8S.8

79.8

63.9

63.7

81.7

66.6

57.3

72.3

67.6

72.8

61.3

52.3

64.4

64.2

65.9

69.6

63.2

61.7

72.0

71.3

65.8

63.9

60.2

72.8

74.4

65.6

52.4

64.6

64.0

81.3

66.4

54.7

72.8

62.7

53.3

56.9

64.7

73.0

66.4

53.9

65.7

54.8

73.8

56.1

668

67.2

62.8

71.1

75.0

68.1

68.9

66.4

80.2

68.2

5.2

4.7

3.0

8.1

6.5

5.3

4.9

2.6

4.7

13.9

4.6

5.4

5.7

5.2

5.0

4.9

2.4

3.2

4.2

5.8

1.6

3.7

2.1

3.7

3.5

5.0

4.2

4.2

3.2

7,8

2.1

4.8

9.9

6.8

4.2

2.8

3.9

6.4

4.0

5.2

2.0

6.9

5.0

4.0

9.2

2.5

2.7

3.7

4.0

4.2

3.8

4.3

4.2

2.6

2.2

7.5

4.7

5.4

4.5

1.9

2.6

3.1

3.5

3.5

3.7

5.1

3.7

4.2

2.2

28

3.7

2.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.9

3.2

2.8

7.0

2.0

2.8,

8.6

4.6

2.4

2.0

2.7

5.1

3.8

3.1

1.5

3.9

2.8

2.7

8.9

2.1

2.6

2.4

3.7

3.9

2.5

3.9

9.9

8.7

*

10.1

12.2.

6.3

8.8

7.0

11.2

16.0

8.0

8.6

4.7

*

9.6

10.4

5.6

7.0

8.4

10.1

*

7.7

5.2

6.4

13.6

7.7

10.6

*

7.9

13.8

*

11.8

12.7

13.8

8.4

*

10.7

12.1

8.3

16.9

5.5

11.8

*

7.8

12.1

●

*

7.6

7.6

13.2

10.7

*

%arsbe@hgln 3dtrirnsstw

%wkxjssramsmr Uwmwhltssmdldack.
Table 35. Live bhths by month of pregnancy prenatal cars began, number of prenatal visits, and median number of visits, by race of

mothe~ United States, 1992

Month of pregnancy prenatal care bagan

Ist trimester 2d trimester Late or no cwe

Number of prenatal visits All Isf and 2d M 4th-6th 7ftr-9th No Not

and racw of mother births Total months month months Total months care stated

Allracasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6visifs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7*visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12 visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14 visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-!6visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median numberofvisifa. . . . . . . . .

Whii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2vis”ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hvis’ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-6visita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-8viaits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-10visifa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16visifs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-16visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Median numberofvisits . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Novisits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-2visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-4visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-8visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-6visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-10visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-12visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-14visife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-16tisita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17-18visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19visitaormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstatsd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median numberofvisita . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

68,857

57,562

113,048

226,732

363,365

773,103

1,045,613

634,613

419,747

92,312

133,562

116,700

12.1

3,201,678

36,644

33,461

69,309

152,151

283,421

605,692

871,602

640,020

344,443

76,645

106,670

77,000

12.2

673,633

27,497

20,609

36,366

60,418

77,867

128,203

128,245

70,558

56,424

11,978

20,368

32,860

10.7

3,091,543

. . .

11,875

27,042

65,814

213,119

574,674

937,242

594,440

393,234

87,415

124,052

42,638

12.5

2,541,435

. . .

6,966

16,240

59,055

163,657

463,432

791,361

509,646

325,592

73,229

102,111

30,124

12.6

415,144

. . .

4,267

9,134

21,703

37,856

82,413

105,691

62,596

51,801

10,916

17,791

10,874

12.2 T

2,260,718

. . .

7,038

14,145

45,735

121,750

364,255

668,353

480,643

326,322

72,663

105,667

31,727

12.8

1,667,466

. . .

4,232

8,518

31,510

94,649

297,567

588,121

415,823

274,641

61,353

86,164

22,668

12.8

277,970

. . .

2,407

4,778

11,590

20,W9

48,824

71,143

47,170

40,638

8,654

14,153

7,624

12.6

830,825

. . .

4,637

12,897

40,079

91,369

210,419

246,689

113,797

64,912

14,532

18,165

10,909

11.5

653,949

. . .

2,736

7,722

27,545

69,008

165,865

203,260

93,823

50,951

11,876

13,927

7,236

11.7

137,174

. . .

1,860

4,356

10,113

17,269

33,589

34,546

15,426

11,063

2,062

3,636

3,250

11.0

679,052

. . .

15,075

46,412

103,601

147,430

182,298

99,847

36,656

23,891

4,333

8,244

11,263

9.3

471,778

. . .

7,752

27,306

67,973

103,836

130,856

74,010

27,706

16,935

3,199

5,663

6,536

9.5

170,146

. . .

6,457

16,127

28,955

34,781

42,051

20,936

7,357

5,946

848

2,293

4,293

8.8

205,914

,..

28,116

37,186

33,514

19,231

9,893

3,479

1,211

957

147

427

3,086

3.3

130,561

. . .

17,512

24,404

22,828

13,528

6,955

2,615

923

712

108

280

1,651

3.7

64,024

. . .

8,800

10,236

8,492

4,402

2,329

659

209

212

28

122

1,036

2.0

137,257

. . .

28,116

37,166

33,514

19,231

9,893

3,479

1,211

957

147

427

3,096

5.1

91,717

. . .

17,512

24,404

22,820

13,529

6,955

2,616

923

712

106

280

i ,651

5.3

36,527

. . .

8,600

10,238

8,492

4,402

2,329

659

208

212

26

122

1,036

4.7

66,657

66,657

.,.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

3a,644

36,844

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

27,497

27,487

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

,..

,..

68,505

. . .

2,496

2,406

3,803

3,565

6,236

5,045

Z304

1,665

417

839

59,705

10.1

57,904

. . .

1,249

1,357

2,285

2,396

4,447

3,786

1,745

1,204

309

616

38,487

10.4

24,317

. . .

1,065

887

1,26a

926

1,410

957

396

363

68

182

16,757

8.3

Ilncludesrawstir thsnwhiremdbktsk
Table 38. Live births with selected obstetric procedures and rates by age of mother, by race of mothefi United States, 1992

[Rates are number of live birtha with specified procedure per 1,000 live births in specified group]

Age of mother

Obstetric

Obstetric prvoadure and All procadura Ail Under 2&24 25-29 30+-4 35-89 40-49 Not

rarx of mother births 1 reported ages 20 years years years years years years stated

All races2

Amniocentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic fatal monitoring. . . . . . . .

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulation of labor.........,..

Tooolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IMasound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whte

Amniocentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic fetal monitoring. . . . . . . .

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulation of labor.........,..

Tocolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uttraaound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Amniocentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic fetal monitoring. . . . . . . .

Induction of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulation of labor . . . . . . . . . . . .

Txdysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

4,0s5,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

3,201,678

3,201,676

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,676

3.201,678

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,833

673,633

673,633

126,433

3,076,276

453,093

513,161

74,9S2

2,305,538

107,768

2,439,042

334,968

416,908

80,761

1,862,716

11,629

503,787

52,371

73,888

10,611

345,894

31.7

772.5

113.8

128.9

18.8

579.0

34.3

777.0

125!.6

132.8

19.4

593.4

17.7

767.6

79.8

112.7

16.2

527.0

11.0

780.3

97.6

128.1

21.6

561.3

11.6

783.2

106.6

134.3

23.3

580.0

9.0

779.0

73.6

114.9

16.9

521.5

13.3

776.0

110.0

128.4

19.4

574.2

13.9

760.0

120.1

133.9

20.2

589.6

11.1

770.8

76.8

115.2

16.0

527.1

Rate

16.2

775.6

116.5

131.8

17.8

584.6

16.6

781.0

126.4

135.2

18.2

597.6

13.6

762.5

82.2

113.2

15.9

528.5

29.6

769.4

116.6

126.1

17.9

586.1

30.9

774.9

125.2

131.5

18.2

597.8

20.1

756.5

86.4

106.6

16.4

530.7

152.4

753.7

119.0

121.9

18.8

563.8

162.3

758.3

125.6

124.8

19.3

596.3

82.9

752.9

90.0

105.3

15.5

532.1

191.6

736.8

127.3

120.7

17.7

571.7

207.6

740.7

134.1

123.3

18.5

584.7

106.4

744.7

104.2

108.2

11.5

530.2

Number

82,847

82,847

82,847

82,847

82,847

82,847

62,611

62,611

62,611

62,611

62,611

62,611

17,293

17,293

17,283

17,293

17,293

17,293

lTOtalnumberof birthsto residentsof areas reportingspsdisd obstetricpocadure.

ZlmludesracesotherItmnwhksandbl=k.
Table 37. Live births with selected complloations of labor and/or delivery and rates by age of mother, by race of mothen United States,

1s92

[Rates are number of live births with specfied complication per 1,000 live births in spactfied group]

.4 Complication Al

mrfflJkStiOn and racw of mother

Under 20-24 25-29 3(X34 35-69 40-4 Not

births 1 reported ages 20 years yeara yeare years years years stated

All races2

Febrile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meoonium, moderate/heavy. . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane . . . .

Abruptio placenfa . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Placenta previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other excessive bleeding . . . . . . , .

Saizures during labor. . . . . . . . . . .

Precipitous laba . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prolonged labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dysfunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . .

Breech/Malpresentation ., . . . . . . .

Cephalopelvic disproportion‘,4 . . . . .

Cord prolapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anesthetic complication+. . . . . . . . .

Fetal distress4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie

Febrile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meccmium,moderate/heavy. . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane. . .

Abruptio placenta . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Placenta previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other excessive bleeding . . . . . . . .

Seizures during labor. . . . . . . . . . .

Precipitous labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prolonged labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dysfunctional labor. ., . . . . . . . . .

Breach/Malpresentation . . . . . . . . .

Cephalopalvic dispro@ion3,4. . . . .

Cord prolapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anesthetic complication4. . . . . . . . .

Fatal distress4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Febrile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maconium, moderateiheavy. . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane. . . .

Abruptio placenta . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Placerda previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other excessive blesding . . . . . . . .

Seizures during labor. , . . . . . . . . .

Precipitous labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prolonged labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dysfunctional labor. . . . . . . . . . . .

Bresch/Malpresentafion . . . . . . . . .

Cephalopalvic disproportion3,4. . . . .

Cordprolapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anesthetic complicstion4. . . . . . . . .

Fetal distress4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014,

4,065,014

4,066,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

4,065,014

3,568,024

4,065,014

3,744,169

3,744,169

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,676

3,201,678

3,201,676

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,678

3,201,676

3,201,676

3,201,676

2,795,677

3,201,676

2,931,460

2,931,480

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,633

673,623

673,633

673,533

613,955

673,633

630,617

630,617

53,583

240,705

126,597

23,061

13,a66

21,227

1,504

76,5o4

39,410

116,959

149,063

117,118

9,842

1,613

153,464

39,626

175,207

66,178

17,601

10,639

16,469

1,065

57,609

32,116

95,604

123,531

95,401

7,640

1,272

114,623

Il,m

55,024

24,660

4,546

2,301

2,761

367

14,421

5,077

16,366

19,066

15,667

t ,774

268

32,645

13.6

60.9

32.0

5.8

3.5

5.4

0.4

19.3

10.0

29.6

37.7

33.3

2.5

0.4

41.9

12.7

56.2

30.9

5.6

3.5

5.3

0.3

18.5

10.3

30.7

39.6

34.8

2.5

0.4

39.9

17.0

84.3

37.8

7.0

3.5

4.2

0.6

22.1

7.8

25.1

28.2

26.6

2.7

0.4

63.3

16.9

65.8

31.6

5.8

1.3

5.0

0.8

15.2

11.0

26.9

2s.5

31.4

2.2

0.4

47.4

15.3

59.1

2s.9

5.6

1.2

5.2

0.7

13.6

11.8

31.1

33.0

33.1

2.2

0.4

45.7

20.6

84.6

34.9

5.9

1.5

3.6

1.0

18.0

8.6

24.7

21.9

28.4

2.3

0.4

52.5

14.2

61.6

30.3

5.5

2.2

5.0

0.4

18.6

10.4

28.4

32.4

32.2

2.3

0.4

42.2

13.4

66,5

2%1

5.3

2.1

4.9

0.4

16.9

11.0

31,3

34,3

34.6

2,3

0.4

40.8

17.1

61.6

35.0

6.5

2.5

4.0

0.5

23.2

7.5

23.6

25.5

24.6

2.5

0.4

49.0

Rate

13.2

56.8

31.1

5.6

3.4

5.3

0.3

19.2

9.8

30.2

36.2

35.6

2.4

0.4

40.2

12.6

64.7

28.9

5.4

3.3

5.2

0.3

16.4

10.1

31.1

39.7

37.0

2.3

0.4

38.3

15.7

85.1

36.5

7.2

3.9

4.2

0.4

23.1

7.6

26.2

30.5

27.6

2.8

0.5

64.2

12,0

58.6

33.2

5.9

5.0

5.6

0.3

21.3

9.2

29.0

43.1

33.1

2.6

0.5

39.3

11.4

55.0

32.0

5.7

4.7

5.4

0.3

20.8

9.3

29.6

44.2

33.6

2.6

0.5

37.4

14.7

89.6

43.6

6.2

6.4

5.2

0.4

24.1

7.6

26.’1

38.5

27.2

3.4

0.5

56.7

11+9

62.7

36.6

7,1

7.1

6.6

0.4

22.7

9.4

2%6

46<1

32.5

3.2

0.6

43.5

11.4

59.3

35.8

6.9

6.8

6.3

0.3

22.7

9.7

30.1

46.7

33.1

3.2

0.6

41.2

14.3

92.5

46.8

9.3

7.5

5.6

0.5

22.9

6.9

26.8

45.5

25.5

3.2

0.6

62.2

11.7

66.6

39.9

6.4

6.5

7.3

0.4

23.6

11.2

32.9

53.0

34.6

3.1

0.6

53.6

11.1

63.6

40.0

8.1

6.0

7.2

●

23.3

11.4

38.6

53.9

35.2

3.2

0.6

51.0

12.2

91.6

43.0

10.4

9.0

4.7

*

21.2

8.6

23.3

51.1

26.0

3.3

*

77.6

Number

110,553

110,653

110,653

110,662

110,653

110,653

110,653

110,653

110,653

110,662

110,653

74,661

110,653

60,157

80,157

65,619

65,619

85,619

65,619

85,619

65,619

6S,619

65,619

65,619

85,619

65,619

55,031

65,619

59,464

59,464

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

21,271

16,734

21,271

17,s55

17,655

‘TotsInumberof births to residentsof areas re@ing spacitied complication.

Zlncludes races other than whie andblack.

3pJ~ Yorkcw @MnOtNew York Sate) reports ~s mmpfi~tion.

hexes does not report this complicatkm.
~ Monthly Vttal Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25,1994 ~ 71

Table 3B. Live births by sttendantj place of dellve~, and race of mothen United Sates, 1982

Attendant

Physician Mkhvifa

Place of deliveryand All Dostorof Doctorof CertiE9dnurse Other

race of mother births Total msdioine CStaopatfry Total midwife midwi& Other unspecified

All racasl

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhospita12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notinhospitd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Freestanding birthing oenter . . . . .

Clinic or doctofs tice . . . . . . . .

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notspecitied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnhoepita12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

4,021,608

43,017

13,255

900

25,923

2,939

369

3,201,678

3,165,195

Notinhospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,162

Frsaetsnding birthing center. . . . . 12,446

Clinioordoctor’s office . . . . . . . . 733

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,155

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646

Notspecified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Black

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,633

lnhospita12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666,303

Notinhospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,257

Frasstanding birthing center . . . . . 452

Clinioordoctor’soffica . . . . . . . . 80

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,639

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

Notspecitie d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

3,634,502

3,624,176

10,214

4,032

468

4,600

1,093

112

3,027,609

3,020,265

7,171

3,726

391

2,536

516

63

631,740

629,106

2,612

133

60

1,912

507

22

3,687,967

3,666,670

8,896

3,413

373

4,153

1,057

101

2,913,244

2,807,141

6,030

3,115

277

2,149

469

73

613,462

610,916

2,545

130

59

1,656

498

21

136,535

135,306

1,216

619

116

447

36

11

114,265

113,114

1,141

613

114

367

27

10

16,256

16,180

67

3

1

54

9

1

189,195

178,537

20,645

8,800

227

11,022

496

13

150,30Q

124),567

19,735

8,416

210

10,639

466

8

36,131

35,601

527

3oa

5

195

19

3

165,005

176,117

8,878

5,715

142

2,926

93

10

136,934

128,672

6,255

5,297

132

2,757

69

7’

35,531

35,176

403

273

5

106

19

2

14,190

2,420

11,787

3,165

65

8,094

403

3

13,366

1,665

11,460

3,121

76

7,662

388

1

550

425

124

36

69

—

1

27,161

15,615

11,512

315

165

9,782

1,250

34

20,924

12,056

8,649

289

120

7,635

795

17

4,731

2,732

1,863

7

8

1,630

338

16

4,156

3,260

646

8

19

519

100

230

2,945

2,325

427

3

12

345

67

193

1,031

864

135

4

7

102

22

32

lMudesracesotherthanwMteandbleclr.

%ckdesbirth.soccurringenroutetooronanival athospital.

.
Table 39. Lhre blrtha by method of delhrery and rates of ceaarean delivery and vaginal birth after previous cessrean delivery, by age and

race of mother: United States, 1992

Births by method of de/ivery Ceaarean delivery rate

Vagina\ Ceasraan Rate of

After

vaginal

All

birth after

previous Not previous

Age and race of mother births Total saaarean Total Primary Repeat stated Total 1 Pnmary2 aeasrean 3

Allraces4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085,014

Under 20yeacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517,635

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,070,490

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,179,264

30-34 year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895,271

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344,644

40-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,710

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,201,676

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348,106

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814,422

26-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964,566

30-34 year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745,510

35+9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S2,617

40-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,437

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,633

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,248

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,057

25-29year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,960

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,339

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,389

40-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,640

3,100,710

425,S31

845,242

693,312

656,455

241,179

36,691

2,434,959

2S5,976

641,411

730,143

547,531

196,666

31,232

514892e

125,665

170,062

117,430

71,045

26,465

4,262

97,549

4,144

20,884

30,937

28,864

11,215

1,465

77,977

2,311

15,045

25,246

24,579

9,554

1,240

15,382

1,713

5,130

4,524

2,893

974

146

666,622

61,664

205,142

264,389

222,316

97,126

17,965

705,641

54,931

157,357

216,563

164,000

78,846

14,324

146,480

24,918

42,108

37,5s3

27,432

12,190

2,249

554,662

70,079

139,034

160,566

121 ,46s

52,745

10,770

437,396

47,892

106,225

131,322

96,312

42,087

6,480

83,165

20,469

26,646

21,696

15,466

7,112

1,456

333,a60

11,805

66,108

103,823

100,S46

44,381

7,195

26S,443

6,939

49,132

85,261

64,666

36,559

5,664

53,315

4,429

15,462

i 5,567

11,s66

5,078

793

75,662

10,120

20,106

21 ,5s3

16,500

6,339

1,064

&3,876

7,196

15,654

17,660

13,979

5,305

8s1

12,224

2,665

3,ss7

2,647

1,662

734

129

22.3

16.1

19.5

22.6

25.3

28.7

31.7

22.5

16.1

19.7

22.9

25.2

28.4

31.4

22.1

16.5

19.8

24.2

27.9

31.5

34.5

15.6

14.3

14.4

15.7

16.2

18.7

22.4

15.7

14.5

14.7

15.7

16.0

16.2

22.0

15.7

14.2

13.9

16.3

18.5

21.8

26.1

22.6

26.3

24.0

23.0

22.3

20.2

17.1

22.5

25.0

23.4

22.8

22.5

20.7

17.5

22.4

27.9

24.9

22.5

19.5

16.1

15.7

1Psrcent of all lb births by ceserean delhery.

‘Number of primary sessrear!s per 100 lNe births to women who hsve not had a previous cesereen.

Sf.iumhr of vagin~ biiths after preVIOUSc%arasn deliwy per 100 Iiie birtlw to woman with a PrSVhWE CW3SM3n de~ww$

4includes races orherthan Wite and black.
Table 40. Live births by method of delivery and rates of ceaarean delivery and vaginai birth after previous ceaerean deiivefy, by age and

race of mother: United States, 19S942

Births by method of delivery Cesarean delivery rate

Vaginal &saraan Rate of

Ailer

vaginal

All

birth afier

previous Not previous

Year and raoa of mother births Total cewean To&l Primary Repeat stated Total1 Primary2 sasarean 3

All races4

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

4,110,907

4,110,563

3,798,734

3,100,710

3,100,691

3,111,421

2,793,463

97,549

90,6s0

64,299

71,019

663,622

8Q5,077

914,096

554,662

569,195

575,066

521,873

333,960 75,662

335,662 104,939

339,030 85,046

305,082 178,316

22.3

22.6

22.7

22.8

15.6

15.9

16.0

16.1

22.6

21.3

19.9

18.9

Whiie

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1~5................,...

19696 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

266,443 60,878

270,554 83,265

274,057 85,903

248,937 142,560

3,2(M,678

3,241,273

3,252,473

3,022,537

2,434,959

2,434,600

2,453,657

2,2i 2,643

77,977

72,564

67,191

56,651

705,641

723,088

732,713

667,114

437,398

452,534 ‘

456,856

418,177

22.5

22.9

23.0

22.8

15.7

16.1

18.1

16.1

22.5

21.1

19.7

16.9

Black

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18805 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19366 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.4

21.2

20.3

19.7

673,633

662,602

679,236

611,147

514,929

519,047

516,561

452,291

15,362

14,213

13,486

11,104

146,460

145,563

146,472

127,907

83,165

92,645

93,476

62,695

53,315 12,224

52,938 17,972

52,986 16,183

45,212 30,319

22.1

21.9

22.1

22.0

15.7

15.5

15.7

15.8

lperwttiall~we birthsbycesaraarr de~~ev.

2Numtj+r&prim~ cw+yeampsflGO hvebirthstowmnen ‘#IOhVe~h4d apmiouscesween.

3f4um~ of“a@~ ~fi~ tier pr~ou~ ~~~an ij~v~ ~ 1w we W* towomenwitha previous ceaarasn deiiweiy.

41ncludes races ottwr than Mite and bhck.

5Escludes Oklahoma vdtich did not require repo!ting of method of delhary.

e~Olud~ ~~isi~a, M@~, f.J~r@ke, f.J~ada, ~ ok~ahoma, w+lii ~d not require reporting of maUWcj Of dehwy
Table 41. Rates of cassrean delivery and vaginal birth after previous ceaarean delivery, by selected medical risk factors, complications

of labor and/or delivery, and obstetric procedures: United States, 1992

Medical risk r%fofi complication,

and obstetric procedure

.4 births Casarean delivery rste Rate of

with s+racir%d vaginal birfh

condition andor after previous

procedure Tokrll Primary2 cesarean 3

Medical risk factors

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cardiac disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acute orchronic lungdisea.sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genital harpee4,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydramnioa/01igohydramnios4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hemoglobinopathy 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension, ohronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hypertension, pragnanoy-associated . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

incompetent cervix4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renal diseaee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhsenaitizatione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utennebleading5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Implications of labor andfor delivaty

Febrile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maconium, moderatelheavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Premature rupture of membrane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atmptioplacanta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Placentaprevia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otherexcaaeivebleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seizuresdunnglabor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preciploue labor (lassthan3houra) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prolonged labor (morethan20hours) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dysfunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Breach/Malpresenfation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cephalopelvicdisproportion7,s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cord prolapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aneeth@”ccomplicationss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fetaldistresse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obstetric procaduras

Amniocentesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elactronicfetal monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Inductionoflabor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stimulationoflabor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tocolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,942

15,544

16,593

102,253

26,747

29,860

2,1twJ

2W64

112,419

14,369

8,518

8,833

24,632

29,159

533s3

126,597

23,061

13,ee6

21,227

1,504

76,504

39,410

116,959

149,063

117,116

9,842

1,613

153,484

126,433

3,076,276

453,093

513,161

74,862

2,306,538

24.7

25.4

26.8

35.8

42.6

41.7

27.9

40.2

40.0

51.0

30.7

27.2

23.7

32.2

33.7

22.2

28.0

56.2

61.7

32.9

51.1

1.8

37.6

67.4

85.0

97.6

64.6

53.5

60.7

35.6

21.6

20.2

15.9

28.9

24.5

17.1

18.2

19.2

25.9

36.6

36.4

21.5

31.3

35.2

46.9

23.2 .

20.1

16.5

25.1

31.5

19.2

24.6

53.9

77.6

26.0

48.6

1.3

38.1

65.5

83.5

97.5

62.2

43.9

5s.5

24.7

15.7

16.6

14.5

23.4

17.3

23.0

24.6

24.8

17.6

24.6

19.0

25.7

15.6

16.5

12.7

25.3

21.2

25.1

22.2

42.9

42.5

33.4

15.8

3.7

25.4

*

83.8

42.2

16.3

4.6

1.0

12.4

11.3

19.4

16.0

26.9

54.2

61.9

25.6

22.4

lPercantofaIlliie birthsbyoeearasn deliiery

2Numtrerofprimsry oesaresns~100 Iiiebirtktowomen wtrohavenotkd tIPrWViOusSKWWSII

3f.Ju~~r~fvagi~ ~~~werpmtious ceeareandsliveryper Iwliiebhthstowornen ~arMs’Aous~~sII de~-.

4New yo~ C~ @W not New York 8tete) r6pOttS this fi$k factor.

~exasdoeenotreport thisrlskfaotor. em~dmnot re~rttiisriskf~or.

7f.Jw.f~~C~(b@ notNewYdWe) repsdethisorxnrikath

eT-dmnOtre~ thiscofnd-.

.
~ Monthly Vital Ststistlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25,1994 ~ 75 .“

Table 42. Live birthe by bkthweight and percent very low and low birthwalghg by period of gestation and race of mothefi United States,

1982

Paricd of gastatrbn2

Pratarm Term Posttarm

Total, Total,

Birthweight1and Afl under Under 28-31 32-65 36 3741 37-38 41 42 tW8kS Not

raoe of mother births 37waks 28waks weeks weeks wwaks weeks weeks was weeks and over stated

Number

150,484 3,176,106

1 13

32 239

578 1,544

4,543 9,587

25,020 85,179

58,844 488,616

44,545 1,239,268

17,268 884,640

3,602 288,835

642 49,851

111 5,661

86 1,455

Peroant

0.4 0.1

20.1 3.0

Number

106,768 2,546,260

6

15 163

356 868

3,093 6,248

17,053 56,155

38,600 345,770

32,888 973,680

13,140 846,271

3,045 266,970

438 44,746

80 5,094

88 1,188

Paroent

0.3 0.0

16.9 2.5

Number

34,600 479,286

1 7

14 66

160 497

1,255 2,s58

6,838 24,435

12,815 112,887

9,518 200,718

3,253 106,920

598 24,311

84 3,678

17 544

25 205

P8roant

0.6 0.1

24.0 5.8

Alirsoas3. . . . . . . . . . . 4,065,014 430,239

5,235

19,784

24,180

43,807

65,176

112,261

90,828

38,432

7,918

1,142

210

1,148

11.5

41.6

268,718

2,780

11,175

14,681

28,449

57,026

76,220

62,335

27,836

6,206

886

184

633

10.0

38.7

122,455

2,303

6,043

6,456

13,794

24,758

30,842

2s,724

8,500

1,336

180

36

471

15.4

47.0

26,514

5,015

14,676

4,158

1,340

846

1,421

755

86.6

94.9

15,184

2,661

8,156

2,249

603

418

889

383

86.4

95.3

12,484

2,204

6,301

1,776

69s

491

670

349

84.7

94.5

46,250

204

4,252

13,425

10,916

4,680

5,428

6,024

2,910

119

37.2

70.2

28,102

105

2,617

8,395

6,883

2,821

2,768

3,557

1,668

66

86.3

71.4

17,312

87

1,515

4,575

3,565

2,149

2,378

2,153

622

48

36.8

69.0

202,691

15

622

6,028

27,106

54,250

51,468

40,259

18,254

4,116

800

88

174

3.3

43.4

135,843

4

368

3,876

17,770

38,334

34,143

25,880

12,627

3,161

460

74

114

3.2

43.5

58,058

11

213

1,927

8,281

15$79

14,978

12,053

4,425

737

106

19

49

3.7

44.3

1,706,356

7

149

1,136

7,719

66,585

341,298

708,781

460,475

110,647

16,646

2,140

760

918,648

3

54

259

1,228

12,326

98,880

344,550

333,352

107,579

17,650

1,976

411

551,204

3

36

149

638

6,269

48,357

185,957

210,713

81,803

15,458

1,745

284

416,021

2

25

268

1,050

7,170

47,049

146,948

148,381

54,545

10,832

1,405

246

0.1

2.0

SS6,660

2

14

156

833

4,539

32,629

113,871

125,284

48,234

9,826

1,287

193

0.1

1.6

64,427

6

106

857

2,323

12,108

28,481

17,575

4,660

MO

89

48

0.2

4.3

40,648

167

458

473

762

2J!34

6,634

13,705

10,443

3,245

546

121

1,636

2.9

10.5

30,020

105

247

279

445

1,3s8

4,523

10,157

8,443

2,772

463

95

1,133

2.2

6.4

7,465

72

176

161

256

685

1,715

Lass thsn 500 grams. . . .

500-688 grams . . . . . . .

1,00C-l,488grams. . . . .

1,500-l,999grams. . . . .

2,00&2,499 grams. . . . .

2,500-2,399 grams. . . . .

3,000-3,488 grams. . . . .

3,500+,899 grams. . . . .

4,000-4,489 grams. . . . .

4,50C-4,889 grams. . . . .

5,000 grams or more. . . .

Notatatad . . . . . . . . . .

5,437

20,516

26,475

55,306

.179,768

654,760

1,490,769

1,191,788

62,573

7,597

4,483

Very low birthweight4. . . . 1.3

Low birthweight5 . . . . . . 7.1

0.1

4.4

0.0

1.5

0.0

1.3

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,201,676

2,903

11,596

16,267

35,785

119,078

459,142

1,160,043

1,007,943

1,335,455

3

101

714

5,069

44,184

240,640

552,1Q6

378,023

86,653

14,562

1,774

803

75~ ,852

2

35

160

735

7,335

70,330

272,740

285,405

36,028

16,042

1,734

345

459,153

1

27

85

384

3,988

34,740

148,634

181,843

73,268

14,122

1,536

237

Leas than 500 grams. . . .

600-989 grams . . . . . . .

1,000-1,499 grams. . . . .

l,500-l,999grams. . . . .

2,000-2,499 grams . . . . .

2,300-2,899 grams. . . . .

3,000-3,433 grama. . . . .

3,500-3,998 grams. . . . .

4,000-4,488 grams. . . . .

4,tWr-t,869 grams. . . . .

5,000 grams or more. . . .

Notstatad . . . . . . . . . .

Very low birthweight4. . . .

Low birthweight5 . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lass than 500 grams. . . .

5C0-699glarns . . . . . . .

l,ooCH,498gr8ms. . . . .

l,500-l,889grams. . . . .

2,000-2,489 grams . . . . .

2,500-2,989 grams . . . . .

3,000-3,498 grams . . . . .

3,500-3,988 grams. . . . .

4,000-4,499 grams. . . . .

4,600-4,888 grams. . . . .

5,M0 grams or mora. . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . .

Very low birthweght4. . . .

Low birthweight5 . . . . . .

323,162

55,933

6,620

3,153

1.0

5.6

673,633

2,382

8,291

9,222

17,3&5

52,257

157,580

253,261

186,237

30,5i4

4,719

8S3

1,142

3.0

13.3

0.1

3.8

0.0

1.2

0.0

1.0

233,799

4

45

376

2,346

18,8S1

73,331

118,266

52,864

10,072

1,463

282

119

125,276

1

17

76

399

3,870

22#510

54,000

34,833

8,235

1,249

177

51

70,2C9

2

4

45

213

1,984

11,058

26,452

21,363

6,004

848

105

35

1,242

287

51

14

418

5.8

19.2

0.1

7.6

0.1

3.3

0.1

3.2

%pressed incompletedWsaks.

slmwmmati*tib4Less rhen 1,5(M gram.

5Lass than 2,500 grams.
Table 43. Percent of live births preterm and percent of live births of low birthweight by race of mothen United States, 1981-92

Preterm 1 Low birthweight 3

Year All races 2 white Black All races 2 Whrle Black

1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19S44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19634 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18324 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.7

10.8

10.6

10.6

10.2

10.2

10.0

9.8

9.4

9.6

9.5

9.4

9.1

9.1

8.9

8.8

8.5

8.5

8.4

8.2

7.9

8.0

8.0

7.9

18.4

18.9

18.8

18.9

18.7

18.4

18.0

17.8

17.1

17.7

17.4

17.3

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.9

8.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.6

5.7

13.3

13.6

13.3

13.5

13.3

13.0

12.8

12.6

12.6

12.8

12.6

12.7

lBntWtiIOSSttWII 37mmplefedwwks gestation.

Zlnc[wWmmso@r thaawhteandblaok.

3kssthm2,500 grams.

48saadonlWpercent ofblrthsinselmted Stetessndcma50-persent sampleofbirthsin allotherStatesaee Techniselnotes.
Table 44. Number and percent low birlhwelght and number of Ilve births by bhthwelgti$ by age and race of mothen Untied States, 1992 II

Birthwelgw

II

Low birtfrweight1

Lees

than 5W- l,MO- 1,50G 2,WO- 2,5(W- 3,000- 3,50& 4,0LW 4,500- 5,093

500 899 1,499 1,999 2,4sW 2,9!%? 3,499

Age and rsoa of moifrer Number

3,999 4,498 4,SS9 Not

Peroent Toiat

grams

grams grenra grams grams grams grams grams grama grams grams or more stated

1

N races3

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 15year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17yssrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-23 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3&34yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeaffi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-Me

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ltnder15year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15year3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seafootnotesatend oftable,

287,493

1,606

46,707

3,382

6,278

9,309

12,509

15,228

76,280

73,223

58,428

26,343

4,886

208

185,662

548

26,081

1,466

3,179

5,187

7,151

9,076

47,398

49,242

40,643

18,329

3,281

180

7.1

13.2

9.3

11.6

10.5

9.5

9.0

8.5

7.1

6.2

6.5

7.7

8.4

10.3

5,8

10.2

7.6

9.2

8.5

7.9

7.5

7.1

5.8

5.1

5.5

6.5

7,3

10.2

4,065,014

12,220

505,415

29,267

60,138

88,148

1S3,883

179,203

1,070,480

1,179,264

895,271

344,844

55,702

2,006

3,201,676

5,387

342,738

15,866

37,256

85,584

95,349

128,004

614,422

984,586

745,510

282,617

44,888

1,571

5,437

27

898

88

118

184

247

263

1,355

1,442

1,105

518

92

2

2,903

10

391

28

44

68

102

131

668

767

649

337

62

1

20,516

154

3,546

326

524

704

848

1,046

5,319

5,052

4,223

1,659

337

20

11,583

43

1,798

138

280

344

512

544

2,841

2,808

2,573

1,191

223

15

26,475

201

4,451

384

669

884

1,141

1,413

6,924

6,405

5,416

2,556

464

26

16,287

84

2,400

154

343

433

808

604

4,022

4,083

3,635

1,722

331

24

55,306

302

8,912

659

1,128

1,818

2,378

2,928

14,073

13,649

11,857

5,481

994

86

35,795

108

4,971

296

572

1,012

1,354

1,735

8,711

9,321

8,126

3,817

712

28

179,759

324

28,902

1,987

3,640

5,739

7,797

9,559

46,6C9

48,475

38,022

15,923

2,761

117

119,078

322

18,501

652

1,880

.3,250

4,577

5,682

31,186

32,156

25,880

11,262

1,347

92

654,760

3,044

104,993

8,779

13,331

20,828

28,595

35,460

168,813

175,506

125,853

49,883

8,443

315

453,142

1,137

83,273

3,190

7,252

12,369

17,6al

22,781

127,211

128,833

34,747

37,387

6,224

230

1,480,769

4,795

200,179

11,627

24,039

39,074

55,039

70,400

410,130

428,586

311,608

116,181

18,441

689

1,160,043

2,169

135,838

6,353

15,(W6

26,033

38,129

50,117

309,555

346,912

258,614

93,979

14,683

513

1,191,788

2,318

121,407

6,116

13,355

23,015

83,523

45,396

299,045

383,814

282,64)7

105,730

16,313

582

1,007,943

1,247

91,736

3,951

9,394

17,256

25,894

35,441

245,575

315,577

248,016

91,499

13,644

447

385,543

364

27,549

1,191

2,705

5,087

7,756

10,630

82,783

114,974

36,360

37,489

6,186

168

323,162

223

22,685

682

2,106

6,801

9,0t 4

71,480

103,237

6LM21

33,456

5,439

161

62,573

40

3,620

126

323

674

972

1,525

12,786

19,550

17,635

7,494

1,384

54

55,833

28

2,893

95

251

542

605

1,806

11,212

17,663

16,058

6,763

1,162

48

7,597

366

15

31

52

115

173

1,457

2,421

2,136

982

204

9

6,620

308

12

25

39

69

141

1,240

2,134

1,688

666

160

8
Table 44. Number and percent low blrthweight and number of live bhtha by bhthwelgh~ by age and raoa of mothefi United Statea, 1992-Con.

BirthWe&z

LowMttw’a@ht $

Lass

than 50(W 1,000- 1,5(XP 2,000- 2,500- 3,000- 3,50& 4,LW- 4,500- 5,00Q

5@ 999 1,499 1,999 2,499 2,999 3,439 3,999

Age and race of mofher Numlmr Percent Told

4,499 4,993 grams Not

grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams grams or more slated

Black

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,517 13.3 673,633 2,382 8,291 9,222 17,366 52,257 157,560 253,261 136,237 30,514 4,719 663 1,142

urHfer15 deem . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W-34years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44yean3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,021

19,403

1,636

2,633

3,674

5,047

5,711

26,264

20,647

14,760

6,359

1,033

30

15,9

~3.2

14.6

14.0

13.1

13.2

12.6

12.2

t3.1

14.7

16.2

16.0

16.1

6,446

146,600

12,432

20,970

29,600

38,362

45,436

216,057

157,960

100,336

39,366

6,463

167

16

491

40

71

93

142

145

642

421

1’36

20

107

1,676

181

253

346

412

484

2,377

1,656

1,516

566

67

4

13$

1,939

200

307

354

506

572

2,712

2,0e2

1,546

662

112

2

163

3,716

349

531

755

966

1,112

4,934

3,e66

2,992

1,355

213

6

530

11,581

1,063

1,771

2,326

3,016

3,396

15,599

if ,697

6,263

3,596

601

18

1,797

36,170

3,369

5,647

7,822

9,923

11,409

51,209

35,178

21,494

8,289

1,378

45

2,466

56,170

4,92a

6,277

11,631

15,144

17}666

64,167

56,030

34,933

13,260

2,122

61

1,004

25,953

1,963

3,512

5,070

6,636

6,557

43,735’

34,047

21,672

6,430

1,356

35

143

4,337

270

499

339

1,206

1,521

8,940

6,216

5,895

2,437

433

13

10

500

26

63

104

133

174

l,lez

1,313

1,131

486

105

1

—

66

3

6

12

21

26

164

202

157

77

14

1

15

194

14

33

46

50

49

365

267

197

71

12

1

lLeSs!han2SlM mm..

2E@~#sdgrsm wgigh~intermsof poundSmdotmcea smshawninTechnic-aiIW@S.

3kwAIdmwJs0thw thmvhiteandblack.
Table 45. Live births with seieotsd abnormal conditions of the newborn and rates by age of mothar, by race of mothe~ United States,

1992

[Rates are number of live births with specified abnormal condtion par 1,000 live births in spaoifiad group]

Age of mother

Abnonnet

Abnormal condition end All cvrrdition All Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 Not

rave of mother births 1 repwted ages 20 years years years years years years stated

All racssz Number

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sirfhinjury3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fatal alcohol syndrome4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hyaline membrane diseaee/RDS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maconium aspiration syndrome5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aeaistad ventilation less than 30 minutes6 . . . . . . .

Assisted ventilation 30 minutes or Iongers . . . . . . .

Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Birth injury3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fefalalcohol syndrome4,5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hyaline membrene disease/RDS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meconium aspirefion syndrome5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assisted ventilation less than 30 minufae6 . . . . . . .

Hated ventilation 30 minutes or Iongers . . . . . . .

Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sirthinjury3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fatelalcohol syndrome4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hyaline membrane disesse/RDS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meconium aspiration syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aaeisted ventilation lessthan30minutes6 . . . . . . .

Aasisted ventilation 30minutesorlonge(s . . . . . . .

Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

3,633,541

3,836,199

4,065,014

3,908,869

3,777,127

3,777,127

4,065,014

3,201,678

2,834,936

3,005,188

3,201,678

3,065,875

2,989,089

2,989,059

3,201,678

673,633

620,65s

649,664

673,633

656,971

612,643

612,643

673,833

4,645

7,451

460

24,755

9,757

54,838

28,409

2,787

3,406

6,426

258

19,5543

7,222

43,711

21,442

2,136

1,036

720

158

4.6s7

2;0s5

8,906

6,001

54a

1.2

2.1

0.1

6.3

2.6

15.1

7.8

0.7

1.1

2.3

0.1

6.3

2.4

15.2

7.4

0.7

1.6

1.2

0.2

7.2

33

15.1

10.2

0.8

1.4

2.2

0.1

7.8

2.7

16.4

9.8

0.8

1.3

2.6

0.1

8.0

2.6

16.8

9.6

0.8

1.6

1.3

*

7.8

3.0

15.2

10.3

0.8

1.3

2.2

0.1

6.7

2.5

15.1

7.9

0.7

1.2

2.5

0.1

6.8

2.3

15.3

7.6

0.7

1.7

1.2

0.2

7.0

2.9

14.4

9.5

1.0

Rate

1.1

2.2

0.1

5.8

2.5

14.6

7.2

0.7

1.1

2.4

0.1

5.9

2.3

14.7

6.8

0.7

1.3

1.3

0.4

6.5

3.4

14.9

10.1

0.7

1.1

1.9

0.1

5.7

2.6

14.6

7.1

0.7

1.0

2.1

0.1

5.7

2.5

14.7

6.7

0.7

1.7

1.1

0.4

7.5

3.8

16.0

11.1

0.8

1.1

1.9

0.2

5.9

3.0

15.4

8.2

0.8

1.0

2.0

0.1

6.0

2.8

15.4

7.9

0.8

1.9

1.1

●

7.2

4.7

16.9

11.5

1.0

1.3

1.6

●

6.7

3.1

16.3

9.7

0.9

1.4

1.9

*

6.8

3.1

16.8

9.6

0.9

*

*

●

8.2

3.9

17.8

11.4

*

Number

141,285

107,046

136,859

141,285

135,8%

133,522

133,522

141,285

111,120

61,941

107,693

111,120

106,719

106,228

10S,228

111,120

25,120

20,643

24,263

25,120

24,238

22,6n

22,6n

25,120

I TOM “Umbr of births to residents of area6 rePOI’Ik19s~fied ~~~~.

2hOiUd6S recee othar than white and black.

%hssachueetta, Nebraska,sndTexaedo notrqxxt thisrendition.

%@cOrreirrbas notreportUIi6 condition.

5NSW york rXy (but not New Yo+lr State) WpWt6 rhk COrrdtiOn.

8NSW york Srate and New York Cily do not repd this Cordtion.
Table 4S. Live births with selected congenital anomalies and rates by age of mother, by race of mothe~ Total of 4S reporting Statee and

the District of Columbla, 1SS2

[Rates are number of live births with spaciffed umgenifal anomety par 100,000 live births In apacifiad group]

Age of mother

Ocrrgenitel

Ocngenitst anomaly and All anoms& Atl Under 20-24 25-29 3LW4 35-39 40-49 Not

race of mother births 1 re~rted ages 20 years years years years yetxs years stated

All recesz Number

Anencaphalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Spinabfiddtdeningocale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydmcephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Micrccaphalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other central nervous system ancmaliea . . . . . . . .

Heattmalformatiorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other circulato~/respiratory anomalies. . . . . . . . . .

Rectal afresia.Lstenceis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trachac-esophageal fistuls/Esophageal atrssia . . . .

Omphalocela/Gasfroschisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other gastrointestinal anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malformed gen”tilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renelagenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other urcgenti lancmalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cleft lip/pslate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.....

Poiydactyly/Syndactyly/Adactyly. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Club foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oiaphragmatic herni a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other musculoskeletalhtagumentalanomaliae. . . . .

Down’ssyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other chromcecmal anomaliae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whiie

Anencaphalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Spinabfids/Meningccale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hydrccephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Micrccephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other cantral nervous syefemancmaliea . . . . . . . .

Heart malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other circulatory/respiratory anomalies. . . . . . . . . .

Rectal atresisfs4enosia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trachac-esophagaal fietuIdEsophagael atrasla . . . .

Omphalooale/Gestroachisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other gastrointestinal anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malfcrmad genitalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Renal agenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other urogenital ancmaliea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cleft lip/pelate . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polydaotyly/Syndactyly/Adactyly. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Club foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diaphragmatic herni a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other musculcskelefai/intagumentalanomalias. . . . .

Down’asyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other chromoecmal anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,743,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,746,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,749,205

3,743,205

3,749,205

2,965,940

2,365,840

2,965,840

2,865,340

2,s86,940

2,365,840

2,965,840

2,885,940

2,965,840

2,985,840

2,865,s)40

2,865,940

2,355,e40

2,885,340

2,965,940

2,965,940

2,s85,940

2,865,340

2,885,340

2,885,840

,?,865,840

479

82s

956

308

852

4,343

4,734

379

508

870

1,118

2,86a

338

4,135

3,088

3,033

2,074

446

6,779

1,811

1,523

333

638

783

227

634

3,551

3,912

316

435

674

876

2,260

353

3,610

2,707

1,882

1,626

372

5,515

1,567

1,262

13.2

22.6

26.4

6.5

23.6

120.1

130.9

10.5

14.1

24.1

30.9

73.6

11.0

114.3

85.4

83.6

57.3

124

187.4

50.1

42.1

13.7

24.0

27.6

7.9

24.3

124.1

136.7

11.0

15.2

23.6

30.6

79.0

12.3

126.2

94.6

58.8

83.8

13.0

192.7

54.8

44.1

15.5

23.6

28.4

12,8

223

103.4

140.0

9.8

73.4

48.3

34.9

68.1

13.0

101.5

83.4

120.0

63.2

11.1

185.3

26.8

42.1

17.4

27.2

30.7

13.0

25.0

107.1

158.6

9.5

15.8

55.6

37.6

79.0

16.7

119.1

104.0

70.8

74.0

12.3

191.8

33.8

46.5

14.6

27.1

28.6

7.3

22.4

116.8

129.4

11.4

12.0

30.1

32.9

70.6

10.2

111.8

85.5

92.7

63.3

10.9

177.8

38.1

3s.7

15.0

29.1

3t .6

6.9

23.6

124.6

138.1

12.3

14.1

30.1

31.6

76.0

11.4

123.7

97.6

5s.4

72.3

10.7

178.9

39.5

40.9

Rate

11.8

20.7

24.7

6.0

23.6

116.7

123.3

10.3

14.0

16.3

28.8

74.0

10.6

114.5

85.6

76.9

53.7

12.4

164.2

35.5

36.6

12.0

21.8

24.6

7.7

23.2

118,5

127.9

11.1

14.9

17.5

28.0

77.9

11.6

124.1

93.4

58.6

58.3

12.9

188.4

38.8

39.0

12.7

20.8

228

7.9

25.0

120.2

128.9

6.9

15.0

14.4

28.7

78.4

11.6

116.6

82.3

86.9

51.1

13.0

134.2

58.0

37.0

13.1

21.9

24.6

7.1

25.4

124.4

131.2

9.3

15.1

13.1

30.3

82.7

12.8

127.3

88.5

54.4

57.3

14.1

201.8

80.2

38.6

10.0

19.7

22.3

7.7

23.0

149.6

140.7

13.3

17.3

13.0

28.0

76.7

10.3

131.7

93.4

65.0

57.7

16.0

206.1

115.1

67.7

11.3

19.4

23.8

*

23.4

152.0

139.8

13.7

17.0

13.3

27.1

84.9

10.9

143.5

93.8

55.8

62.2

16.2

220.3

118.8

67.5

*

*

54.5

●

*

193.7

189.7

*

*

*

*

84.6

*

138.2

98.9

86.8

5a.5

*

228.0

343.0

151.3

*

*

84.8

*

*

192.1

197.0

*

*

●

*

59.9

●

147.2

34.6

84.8

62.4

*

229.5

359.2

147.2

Number

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

131,973

104,463

104,463

104,483

104,463

104,463

104,453

104,483

104,463

104,483

104,453

104,463

104,483

104,463

104,463

104,463

104,483

104,483

104,463

104,463

104,483

104,483

See fcotnctasat endoftsble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4S. LIVObirths with aekotad congenital ●tomalles and rates by age of mother, by moo of IIIOMOE Total of 4S reporting Statee and

the Diatrkt of Columbia, l~on.

[Ratesarenumber of live bltths with spaoified congenital anomaly per 100,000 live births in spaofiad grow]

Agwofmother

congenial

Congenital anoma& end AII anomaly M under 20-24 25-29 3&34 .%5-@ 4- Not

race of mother birthsl refwrmd ages 2oyeara yisars wars yeiar-s years years Siwed

Black

Anencaphalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SpinabifidaMleningooala . . .. 4....... . . . . . . .

t&mU’&WFIWFlu L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other oentral newws syatam anomalies . . . . . . . .

Haartmalformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other cirwtatoryhaspiratorj anomalies. . . . . . . . . .

Raotal.atr@ia/atenoais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Traoheo-esophageal fistulaEaophageal atnx.ia . . . .

Omphalocala/Gaatroachisis........ . . . . . . . . .

Otharg-”ntaatinal anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malformed gen”tia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ranal agenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otharumgenital armmaiias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

claftlip/palata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polydw-Wy/Synda@WAdaqly. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Club foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diaphragrnatii herni a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other muawloakeletat/iiegumental anomaliaa. . . . .

Dow-tsayndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

other ohronwaOma Ianomelias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

612j130 64

612,130 lW

612,130 130

612,130 .71

612,130 128

612,130 634

612,130 597

612,130 49

612,130 52

612,130 168

612,130 191

612,VW 312

612,130 33

612,130 371

612,130 221

612,130 1,261

612,130 188

612,130 61

612,130 662

612,130 167

612,130 183

10.9

17.5

22.1

12.0

21.9

107.5

101.3

6.3

8.8

28.7

32.4

52.9

5.6

62.9

37.5

217.3

33.6

10.3

149.6

28.3

31.0

*

16.6

23.0

●

17.3

97.9

86.5

*

*

33.1

27.4

46.1

●

61.2

38.7

240.4

41.0

●

152.6

16.6

27.4

10.9

21.3

23.4

10.4

20.2

101.2

86.5

●

●

30.1

36.6

53.4

●

63.3

37.9

230.4

34.8

11.4

158.8

22.8

27.0

Rate

●

*

25.1

*

28.6

113.6

103.3

*

*

27.3

31.7

52.4

●

62.0

33.2

207.3

36.2

●

138.0

18.4

27.3

●

●

●

●

☛

101.9

112.6

●

●

26.1

30.6

65.2

●

60.4

32.0

187.3

*

●

152.9

33.2

27.3

*

●

●

☛

●

162.4

104.2

●

*

*

*

●

●

64.4

70.5

137.9

●

●

119.5

85.0

67.4

*

*

*

*

●

●

☛

☛

☛

●

☛

☛

●

☛

☛

☛

●

☛

●

●

☛

Number

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

=$620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

22,620

lTorsJnumt@r of bitthsb residents ofsreas rsporthg8psMisd mqsdtslamxnaly.

2i~sE rscgs outsr thsn shke and M-.

NOTE ExChJ@S data for NW MSXkO d New York, wWti did KU rsquks fsP(MIw of CM’WM.SI 2n0Msk3s.
82 ~ Monthly Vital Stetlstlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● October 25, 1994

Table 47. Live births by plurality of birth and rstloe, by sge and race of mothe~ United States, 19S2

Age of mother

15-19 years

All Under 15-17 18-19 2S24 25-29 30-34 35-39 4&44 45+9

Plurality and race of mother agae 15 years Total yaws years yearn years years years years years

Alllive births l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births in single deliveries 1 . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births in twin deliveries 1 . . . . . .

While . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Live births in triplet and

other plural deliveries 1 . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allmultiple bhthsl . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whfie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alltwin births l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ailhigher-order multiple births1,2. . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,065,014

3,201,678

673,833

3,865,768

3,124,667

654,653

95,372

73,647

18,619

3,663

3,444

361

24.4

24.0

28.2

23.5

23.0

27.6

95.5

107.6

53.6

12,220

5,367

6,448

12,095

5,312

6,382

125

55

66

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

●

●

*

505,415

342,739

148,800

498,105

336,341

144,088

7,236

4,369

2,689

74

29

33

14.5

12.8

18.6

14.3

12.7

16.4

14.6

8.5

22.5

i 87,549

118,788

63,002

185,194

117,434

62,061

2,326

1,341

832

27

11

9

12.6

11.4

14.9

12.4

11.3

14.8

14,4

●

4

317,866

83,798

312,911

220,607

4,308

3,028

1,767

47

18

24

1,070,490

814,422

216,057

1,049,286

799,767

210,127

20,790

14,849

5,834

412

3L%

66

1,179,264

984,566

157,960

1,150,057

941,430

152,888

28,089

22,147

4,91Y3

1,118

1,008

88

Ratio per 1,000 live births

15.6 19.6 24.8

13.6 16.0 24.0

21.4 27.4 32.1

15.4 19.4 23.8

13.5 17.6 23.0

21.1 27.0 31.4

Ratio per 100,000 live births

14.8 38.5 94.6

+

37.6 104.6

28.6 44.4 62.0

895,271

745,510

100,339

667,375

722,142

96,773

26,434

22,007

3,487

1,462

1,361

79

31.2

31.3

35.5

28.5

2%5

84.6

163.3

182.6

78.7

344,844

282,617

39,369

332,754

272,639

37,940

11,159

9,318

1,401

731

66AJ

48

34.5

35.3

36.8

32.4

33.0

35.6

212.1

233.5

121.9

55,702

44,868

6,453

54,148

43,556

6,280

1,477

1,240

166

77

70

7

27.9

28.2

26.8

26.5

27.6

26.7

138.2

166.0

*

2,006

1,571

187

1,837

1,500

187

62

62

9

9

35.4

45.2

*

30.9

39.5

●

*

●

*

llncludas races olhsr than MM ~ b~.

21ncludestriplete and hi@er-order pluml deliverlee.
~ Monthly Vital Ststistlcs. Repott. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). Ootober 25, 1894 ~ 83

Technical notes

Source of data

Data shown in this report for 1992

are based on 100 percent of the birth

certificates in all States and the District of

Columbia. The data are provided to the

National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS) through the Vital Statistics

Cooperative Program (VSCP). In 1984

and earlier years, the VSCP included

varying numbers of States that provided

data based on 100 percent of their birth

certificates. Data for States not in the

VSCP were based on a 50-percent sample

of birth certificates filed in those States.

Information on sampling procedures and

sampling errors for 1984 and earlier years

is provided in the annual report, Wtal

Statistics of the United States, Volume I,

Natality.

Race

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

NCHS has tabulated its birth data primarily by race of the mother. In 1988 and

prior years, births were tabulated by the

race of the child, which was determined

from the race of the parents as entered on

the birth certificate. When the parents

were of the same race, as was the case for

96.1 percent of births in 1992, the race of

the child was the same as the race of the

parents. When the parents were of different races and one parent was white, the

child was assigned to the other parent’s

race. When the parents were of different

races and neither parent was white, the

child was assigned to the father’s race,

with one exception. If either parent was

Hawaiian, the child was assigned to

Hawaiian. If race was missing for one

parent, the child was assigned the race of

the parent for whom race was reported.

The most important factor influencing the decision to tabulate births by

race of the mother was the recent revision

of the birth certificate, effective with the

1989 data year. This revision includes

many more health questions that are

directly associated with the mother (for

example, method of delivery, medical

risk factors for this pregnancy, tobacco

and alcohol use during pregnancy, and

maternal weight gain). Additionally,

many of the other items on the birth

certificate for more than two decades also

relate directly to the mother, for example,

age, education level, and receipt of prenatal care. In all these instances, it is

more appropriate to tabulate births by the

mother’s race.

A second factor has been the

increasing incidenee of interracial parentage. In 1992, 3.9 percent of births

were to parents of different races compared with just 1.4 percent in 1972. The

majority of these births were to white

mothers and fathers of another race.

There have been two major consequences

of the increasing interracial parentage.

One is the effect on birth rates by race.

Under the previous procedures, the

number of white births had been arbitrarily limited to infants whose parents

were both white (or one parent white if

only one parent’s race was reported). At

the same time, the number of births of

other races had been arbitrarily increased

to include all births to white mothers and

fathers of other races. Thus, if race of

mother had been used, birth rates per

1,000 white women in a given age group

would have been higher, while comparable rates for black women and women

of other races would have been lower.

The other consequence of increasing

interracial parentage is its impact on the

racial differential in various characteristics of births, particularly in cases where

there is generally a large racial disparity,

such as the incidence of low birthweight.

In this instance, the racial differential is

smaller when the data are tabvlated by

race of child rather than by race of

mother. The same effect has been noted

for characteristics such as nonmarital

childbearing, preterm births, late or no

prenatal care, and low educational attainment of mother.

The third factor influencing the decision to tabulate births by race of mother

is the growing proportion of births with

race of father not stated, 16 percent in

1992 compared with 9 percent in 1972.

This reflects the increase in the proportion of births to unmarried women; in

many such cases, no information is

reported on the father. These births are

already assigned the race of the mother

because there is no alternative.

Tabulating all births by race of

mother, therefore, provides for a more

uniform approach, rather than a necessarily arbitrary combination of parental

races. This topic is discussed in greater

detail in two recent papers (81,82).

Trend data by race shown in this

report have been retabulated by race of

mother for all years beginning with the

1980 data year. The retabulation provides

more uniform data to those analyzing

birth data by race, particularly trend data.

To facilitate continuity and analysis of

the dat% trend tables showing data for

years prior to 1980 show data for both

race of mother and race of child for 1980.

This makes it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change from real changes

in the data. The text in this report focuses

on data tabulated by race of mother.

When the trend in rates is discussed, the

rates are those tabulated by race of

mother.

Population denominators

Birth and fertility rates for 1992

shown in tables 1, 3-5, 7, 10, 11, 14, and

15 are based on populations estimated as

of July 1, 1992. The population estimates

have been published by the U.S. Bureau

of the Census (5) and are based on the

1990 census counts by race and age,

which were modified to be consistent

with Office of Management and Budget

categories and historical categories for

birth data, and in the case of age, to

reflect age as of the census reference

date. The modification procedures are

described in detail in a census report (83).

Birth and fertility rates by month

shown in table 12 are based on monthly

population estimates also based on the

1992 census count. Rates for unmarried

women shown in tables 14 and 15 are

based on distributions of the population

by marital status as of March 1992 (17),

published by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census, which have been adjusted to July

1992 population levels (5) by the Division of Wal Statistics, NCHS.

Birth and fertility rates for the Hispanic ,Population, shown in tables 7 and

11, are based on estimates of the total

Hispanic population as of July 1, 1992
u~ Monthly Vital Statiatka Report ● Vol. 43, No. 5(S) ● Ootober 25, 19S4 ~

(5). Birth data for New Hampshire are

excluded from the rates for the Hispanic

origin population because this State did

not report this information on the birth

certificate in 1992.

Computation of rates

In computing birth rates by live-birth

order, births with birth order not stated

were distributed in the same proportion

as births of known live-birth order within

each age of mother classification, This

procedure is done separately by race. A

similar process is followed for computing

birth rates by age of fathe~ births with

age of father not stated are distributed

first within each age-of-mother group.

In computing birth and fertility rates

for the Hispanic population, births with

origin of mother not stated are included

with non-Hispanic births rather than

being distributed. In addition, all births to

New Hampshire residents are assumed to

be non-Hispanic. In 1990, 1.0 percent of

the New Hampshire population was

reported to be Hispanic (84). Thus, rates

for the U.S. Hispanic population are

underestimates of the true rates to the

extent that the births with ongin not

stated (1.0 percent) were actually to Hispanic mothers and by the proportion of

New Hampshire births that were to Hispanic mothers, The population with

origin not stated was imputed. The effect

on the rates is believed to be small.

Births by marital status of

mother

Beginning with the 1980 data year,

national estimates of births to unmarried

women have been derived from two

sources. In 1992, marital status was

reported directly on the birth certificates

of 44 States and the District of Columbia.

In the remaining six States that lack such

an item (California, Connecticut,

Michigan, Nevada, New York and

Texas), marital status is inferred from a

comparison of the child’s and parents’

surnames. This procedure represents a

substantial departure from the method

used before 1980 to prepare national estimates of births to unmarried women,

which assumed that the incidence of

births to unmarried women in States with

no direct question on marital status was

the same as the incidence in reporting

States in the same geographic division.

The current method represents an

attempt to use related information on the

birth certificate to improve the quality of

national data as well as to provide data

for the individual nonreporting States. An

evaluation of this method and its validlty

for California (the largest nonreporting

State) has been published (85). Because

of the continued substantial increases in

nonmarital childbearing throughout the

1980’s, the data have been intensively

evaluated by the Division of Wal Statistics, NCHS. There has been continuing

concern that the current method might

overstate the number of births to unmarried women because it incorporates data

based on a comparison of surnames. This

is because women who have retained

their maiden surname after marriage and

who are frequently older, well-educated

women, would be classified as unmarried.

The results of this evaluation have been

generally similar in both the reporting

States and the States using inferential

data for all races combined. The results

differed for white and black births.

Between 1991 and 1992, births to unmarried white women increased 1 percent in

the States providing inferential data and

3 percent in the States with a marital

status item on the birth certificate. Cmversely, births to unrnarned black women

declined 3 percent in the States providing

inferential data and declined slightly

(0.2 percent) in the States reporting

marital status directly on the birth certificate.

Texas births-The number of births

to unmarned women in Texas is underreported. As a result of legislation passed in

1989, a birth is considered to have

occurred to a married woman if the

mother provides any information about

the father, or if a paternity affidavit has

been tiled. The measurement of marital

status for Texas births is expected to

improve beginning with the 1994 data

year, because a direct question on marital

status has been added to the Texas birth

certificate.

Birthweight

Birthweight is reported in some areas

in pounds and ounces rather than in

grams. However, the metric system has

been used in tabulating and presenting

the statistics to facilitate comparison with

data published by other groups. Equivalents of the gram weights in terms of

pounds and ounces are as follows:

Lessthan500 grams =llblozorless

50@999 grams = 1 lb 2 OZ-2lb 302

1,000-1,499 grams = 2 lb 4 OZ-3lb 4 oz

1,500-1,999 grams = 3 lb 5 OZ-.4lb 6 oz

2,000-2,499 grams = 4 lb 7 OZ.*5lb 802

2,500-2,999 grams = 5 lb 9 OZ-6lb 9 OZ

3,000-3,499 grams = 6lb1002-7lb1102

350&3,999 grams = 7 lb 12 OZ-8lb 1302

4,000-4,499 grams = 8 lb 14 OZ-9lb 14 oz

4$00-4,999 grams = 9 lb 15 OZ-11lb OOZ

5,000 grams or more= 11 lb 1 oz or more

Period of gestation

The 1989 revision of the ~J.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes a

new item, “clinical estimate of gestation,” that is being compared with length

of gestation computed from the date the

last normal menstrual period (LMP)

began when the latter appears to be

irmmsistent with birthweight. This is

done for normal weight births of apparently short gestations and very-lowbirthweight births reported to be full

term. The clinical estimate was also used

if the LMP date was not reported. The

period of gestation for 4.3 percent of the

births in 1992 was based on the clinical

estimate of gestation. For 96 percent of

these records, the clinical estimate was

used because the LMP date was not

reported. For the remaining 4 percent, the

clinical estimate was used because it was

compatible with the reported birthweight,

whereas the LMP-based gestation was

not. In cases where the reported birthweight was inconsistent with both the

LMP-computed gestation and the clinical

estimate of gestation, the LMP-computed

gestation was used and birthweight was

reclassified as “not stated. ” This was

necessary for fewer than 500 births, or

0.01 percent of all birth records in 1992.

The levels of the adjustments made for

the 1992 data are very comparable to

those for the 1991 data.

Computations of percents,

percent distributions, and

medians

Births with unknown live-birth order,

attendant at birth, educational attainment
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 5(S). Ootober 25, 1994 ~ 85

of mother, nativity of mother, month of

pregnancy prenatal care began, number

of prenatal visits, birthweight, length of

gestation, interval between births, and 1-

and 5-minute Apgar scores were subtracted from the figures for total births

that were used as denominators before

percents, percent distributions, and

medians were computed. For birth intervals, the percent distributions also

exclude the second- or later-born child in

a multiple delivery (interval of Omonths).

Percent distributions and the median

number of prenatal visits also exclude

births to mothers who had no prenatal

care. Computations of the median years

of school completed and the median

number of prenatal visits were based on

ungrouped data. An asterisk is shown in

place of any derived statistic based on

fewer than 20 births in the numerator or

denominator.

Random variation

Although the birth data in this report

for births since 1985 are not subject to

sampling error, they may be affected by

random variation in the number of births

involved. When the number of events is

small (perhaps less than 100), and the

probability of such an event is small,

considerable caution must be observed in

interpreting the data. More information

on this topic is included in the Technical

Appendix of the amual report, T&alStatistics of the United States, 1989, Volume

I, Natality.

Related reports

Many of the topics discussed in this

report are covered in more analytic detail

in other reports published by NCHS.

Topics of reports published in the past 5

years include first births to older mothers

(6), low birthweight (86), birth rates by

educational attainment (18), win births

(80), and cesarean deliveries (22). Also

available is a report evaluating inferred

birth statistics for unmarried women in

California (85). ,

Definitions of medical terms

The 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth includes

several maternal and infant health items

in checkbox format including obstetric

procedures, medical risk factors, complications of labor and/or delivery, abnormal

conditions of the newborn, and congenital anomalies of the child (figure A).

The following definitions are adapted and

abbreviated from a set of definitions compiled by a committee of Federal and State

health statistics officials for the Association

for Vital Records and Health Statistics(87).

38a. MEDICAL RISK FACTORS FOR THIS PREGNANCY

(Check all that apply]

Anemia [Hct. < 30/Hgb. <10} . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 •1

Cardiac disease........,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..o2Q

Acute or chronic lung disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03 D

Dlabete$ .,..,..,. . . ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..O4O

Genital herpes. . ,,, .,.. . . . . . . . . . . ,, .,. 05 ❑

HvdramniosfOfigohydramnios . . . . . . . . . . 06 !3

Hemoglobinopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07 D

Hypwtensmn, chronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 0

Hypertension, pregnancy-associated . . . . ,,. 09 c

Ectampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. 10 c

Incompetent cerwx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 c

Previous infant 4000 + grams ., .,... . . . . 12 ❑

Previous preterm or small. for.gestattonal. age

infant .,, ,, .,.., . . . . . . . . . . .. 130

Renal disease ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,140

Rhsenslt!zatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, . . . . . . ...150

Uterine bleeding ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 n

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,......,.000

Other 17 ❑

{Specify)

38b. OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR THIS PREGNANCY

(Complete all items)

Tobacco use during pregnancy, . . . . . . . Yes @ No ❑

Average number cigarettes per day _

Alcohol use during pregnancy. . . . . . . Yes ❑ No 0

Average number drinks per week _

Weight gained during pregnancy tbs.

39. OSSTETRIC PROCEDURES

(Check all that apply]

Amniocantecis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010

Electronic fetal monitoring ...,...., ,, ..,..,,..020

Inductmn of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.....,,,...030

Stlmulatlon of labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..o4O

Tocolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..........050

Ultrasound, ., . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,...,,,,..060

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,, ...000

Other _ 07 ❑

LSpecifv)

40. COMPLICATIONS OF LAEOR ANO/OR OELIVERY

(Check all that apply)

Feonle( >lOO°F. or380C.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..O1O

Meconium, moderatelheavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...02 0

Pramature rupture of mambrane ( >12 hours] . . . 03 n

Abruptio placenta..,...,,. . .,......,......040

Placenta previa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,050

Other excessive bleedin g..,,, . .,,,,..,,, . ...060

Seizures during labor. . ...,,..,,.,....,.,...070

Precipitous labor ( <3 hours) ., . . . . 08 0

Prolonged labor (>20hours) ,, .,,,...,,.,,..,090

Dysfunctional labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1OO

Breech/Malpresentation . . . . . . ., ., 11 0

Cephalopelvic disproportion . . . . . . . . ... ..,,. 12 ❑

Cord prolapse . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ..130 ..13o

Anesthetic complications, ,,, , . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140

Fetal distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,,.150

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, .000

Other 16 0

(SpecifyJ

41. METHOO OF OELIVERY (Check all that apply)

Vaginal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .01 0

Vaginal birth after previous C-section. . . . . . . .02 0

Primary C-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,.....,,.030

Repeat C.section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .040

Forceps. . . . . . . . . . . . 05 n

Vacuum .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .060

42. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE NEWBORN

{Check all rhat apply)

Anemlu(Hct. <39/Hgb. C13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...01 0

Skthinjury..............,,. ., .,,. ... ,020

Fetal alcohol syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...030

H@ine membrane diaeaae,ROS . . . . . . , ..04 ❑

Meconium aspiration syndrome . 05 ❑

Astisted ventilation <30mln . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...06 ❑

Assisted ventilation Z30 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...07 0

Seizures . . . . . . . . . . ....,...,,,..,.,,..,..080

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..000

Othar 09 ❑

{Spacifyl

43. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF CHILO

lChack all that WPiV)

Amncepharus............................oI

Wnabifda/M*ningocels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...02

Hydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...03

Microcephdus.. .,.. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ..o4

Othar central nervous system anomahes

(Specify) 05

Heart malformations, ... ,. ., ., ., . ., ...,..06

Other circulatory/respiratory anomahes

(Specify) 07

Rectal atrasitistenosis, . ,.. .,, . ,,. ,.. .,, os

Tracheo-esophageal {mtula/ Esophageal atresm ., .09

Omphalc.ce!+JGastroschisis .,, ..,..,, ... ,,.1o

Other W$trointostinal anomalies

(specify) 11

Malformed genitalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Renal agenes!s . . . . . ..13

Other urogenital anomalies

ISpec!fyl 14

Cleft litipaIate, ..,.........,,,. . .,.,,,..,15

Polydactyly~y”dac~ ly/Adactyly . . . . . ,., 16

Club foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...17

Dmphragmatic herni a,.........,.. ,, ..,..,, 1S

Other muxxdoske!etaltintegumenlal anomahes

(Specify] 19

Down’s syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ...20

Other chromosomal anomalies

LSpecifv) 21

None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..CU

Other 22

(Specifv)

Figure A. New maternal and Infant health items from the 19s9 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth.
Medical risk factors for this

pregnancy

Anemia—Hemoglobin level of less

than 10.0 g/dL during pregnancy, or a

hematocrit of less than 30 percent during

pregnancy.

Cardiac disease—Disease of the

heart.

Acute or chronic lung disease- Disease of the lungs during pregnancy.

Diabetes—Metabolic disorder characterized by excessive discharge of urine

and persistent thirst; includes juvenile

onset, adult onset, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy.

Genital herpes—Infection of the skin

of the genital area by herpes simplex

virus.

HydramnioslOligohydramnios—Any

noticeable excess (hydramnios) or lack

(oligohydramnios) of amniotic fluid.

HenroglobinopathpA blood disorder caused by alteration in the genetically determined molecular structure of

hemoglobin (for example, sickle cell anemia).

Hypertension, chronic—Blood pressure persistently greater than 140/90,

diagnosed prior to onset of pregnancy or

before the 20th week of gestation.

H~rtenrwq pregnancy-associated—

An increase in blood pressure of at least 30

mm Hg systolic or 15 mm Hg diastolic on

two measurementstaken 6 hours apart after

the 20th week of gestation.

Eclampsia—The occurrence of convulsions andlor coma unrelated to other

cerebral conditions in women with signs

and symptoms of pre-eclampsia.

Incompetent cervix<haracterized

by painless dilation of the cervix in the

second trimester or early in the third

trimester of pregnancy, with premature

expulsion of membranes through the

cervix and ballooning of the membranes

into the vagina, followed by rupture of

the membranes and subsequent expulsion

of the fetus.

Previous infant 4,000+ grams—The

birthweight of a previous live-born child

was over 4,000 grams (8 pounds 14

ounces).

Previous preterm or small-forgestational-age infant—Previous birth of

an infant prior to term (before 37 completed weeks of gestation), or of an infant

weighing less than the Ioth percentile for

gestational age using a standard weight

for age chart.

Renal disease-Kidney disease.

Rh Sensitization-The process or

state of becoming sensitized to the Rh

factor as when an Rh-negative woman is

pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus.

Uterine bleeding—Any clinically

significant bleeding during the pregnancy,

taking into consideration the stage of

pregnancy; any second or third trimester

bleeding of the uterus prior to the onset

of labor.

Obstetric procedures

Amniocentesz3-Surgical transabdominal perforation of the uterus to

obtain amniotic fluid to be used in the

detection of genetic disorders, fetal

abnormalities, and fetal lung maturity.

Electronic fetal monitoring— Monitoring with external devices applied to

the maternal abdomen or with internal

devices with an electrode attached to the

fetal scalp and a catheter through the

cervix into the uterus, to detect and

record fetal heart tones and uterine contractions.

Induction of labor—The initiation of

uterine contractions before the spontaneous onset of labor by medical and/or

surgical means for the purpose of

delivery,

Stimulation of labor—Augmentation

of previously established labor by use of

oxytocin.

TocoZysis-Use of medications to

inhibit preterm uterine contractions to

extend the length of pregnancy and,

therefore, avoid a preterrn birth.

.Wtrasound-%ualization of the

fetus and the placenta by means of sound

waves.

Complications of labor and/or

delivery

Febrile—A fever greater than 100

degrees F. or 38 C. occurring during labor

and/or delivery.

Meconium,

moderate/heavy-Meconium consists of

undigested debris from swallowed amniotic fluid, various products of secretion,

excretion, and shedding by the gastrointestinal tract; moderate to heavy

amounts of meconium in the amniotic

fluid noted during labor and/or delivery.

Premature rupture of membranes

(more than 12 hours)—Rupture of the

membranes at any time during pregnancy

and more than 12 hours before the onset

of labor.

Abruptio placenta—Premature separation of a normally-implanted placenta

from the uterus.

Placenta previa-Implantation of the

placenta over or near the internal opening

of the cervix.

Other excessive bleeding—The loss

of a significant amount of blood from

conditions other than abruptio placenta or

placenta previa.

Seizures during labor—Maternal seizures occurring during labor from any

cause.

Precipitous labor (less thun 3

hours)—Extremely rapid labor and delivery lasting less than 3 hours.

Prolonged labor (more than 20

hours)-Abnormally slow progress of

labor lasting more than 20 hours.

Dysfunctional labor—Failure to

progress in a normal pattern of labor.

Breech/Mat’presentation-At birth,

the presentation of the fetal buttocks

rather than the head, or other malpresentation.

Cephalopelvic di.sproportion-l%e

relationship of the size, presentation and

position of the fetal head to the maternal

pelvis, which prevents dilation of the

cervix and/or descent of the fetal head.

Cordprolapse—Premature expulsion

of the umbilical cord in labor before the

fetus is delivered.

Anesthetic complicatio*Any complication during labor and/or deliveiy

brought on by an anesthetic agent or agents.

Fetal distress-Signs indicating fetal

hypoxia (deficiency in amount of oxygen

reaching fetal tissues).

Abnormal conditions of the

newborn

Anemia—Hemoglobin level of less

than 13.0 g/dL, or a hematocrit of less

than 39 percent,

Birth injury-hnpairment of the

infant’s body function or structure due to

adverse influences that occurred at birth.

Fetal alcohol syndrome-A syndrome of altered prenatal growth and

development occurring in infants born of
~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 48, No. 5(S) ● Ootober 25, 1994 ~87 “

women who consumed excessive

amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.

Hyaline membrane disease/RDS-A

disorder primarily of prematurity, manifested clinically by respiratory distress

and pathologically by pulmonary hyalhe

membranes and incomplete expansion of

the lungs at birth.

Meconium aspiration syndromeAspiration of meconium by the fetus or

newborn, affecting the lower respiratory

system.

Assisted ventilation (less than 30

minutes)-A mechanical method of

assisting respiration for newborns with

rtipiratory failure.

Assisted ventilatwn (30 minutes or

more)-Newbom placed on assisted ventilation for 30 minutes or longer.

Seizures— A seizure of any etiology.

Congenital anomalies of child

Anencephal~Absence of the cerebral hemispheres.

Spina bi~a/meningocele-Developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of

the spinal cord, through which the cord

and meninges may or may not protrude.

HydmcephalwExcessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the

ventricles of the brain with consequent

enlargement of the cranium.

Micmce@aius-A SifjlliiicllntiySd

head.

Other central nerwus system

anomalk9-Other speciM anomalies of

the bra@ spinal cod and nervous system.

Heart malformations-Congenital

anomalies of the heart.

O&7 ckukumykspiratory anomahe.+(lher apwitki anomalies of the circuIatcxyand respiratory systems.

Rectal atrestidstenosis<ongenital

absence, closure, or narrowing of the

rectum.

Tracko-esophaged jistzda/Esophageal

atresiu-An abnormal passage between the

trachea and the esoph~ esophageal

atreaia is the congenital absence or closure

of the esophagus.

Omphalocele/Gasbus~An omphalocele is a protrusion of variable amounts

of abdominal viscera from a midline defect

at the base of the umbilicus. In gastroschisis, the abdominal viscera protrude

through an abdominal wall defect, usually on the right side of the umbilical

cord insertion.

Other gastrointestinal anomalies4ther specified congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal system.

Ma~ormed genti~ngenital anomalies of the reproductive organs.

Renal agenesis--One or both kidneys are completely absent.

Other urogenital anomalies-ther

specified congenital anomalies of the

organs concerned in the production and

excretion of urine, together with organs

of reproduction.

Clefi lip/palate--Cleft lip is a fissure

or elongated opening of the li~ cleft

palate is a fissure in the roof of the

mouth. These are failures of embryonic

development.

PolydaciylylSyn&ctyi’ylAdactylyPolydactyly is the presence of more than

five digits on either hands and/or feeti

syndactyly is having fused or webbed

fingers andfor t- adactyly is the

absence of fingers and/or toes.

Club fwt—lkforrnities of the foo~

which is twisted out of shape or position.

Diaphragmatic hernia-Herniation

of the abdominal contents through the

diaphragm into the thoracic cavity usually resulting in respiratory distress.

Other musculoskeletallintegumental

anomalies--Other spcified congenital

anomalies of the muscles, skeleton, or

skin.

Down’s syna%m-’f’he mcst common

chromosomal def~ with most casea

resulting fium an extra chromosome (trisomy 21).

Other chromosonud anomaiies—AU

other chromosomal aberrations.

Method of delivery

Several rates are computed for

method of delivery. The overall cesarean

section rate or total cesarean rate is

computed as the percent of all births that

were delivered by cesarean section. The

primary cesarean rate is a measure that

relates the number of women having a

first cesarean delivery to all women

giving birth who have never had a

cesarean delivery. The denominator for

this rate includes all births less those with

method of delivery classified as repeat

cesarean, vaginal birth after previous

cesarean, or method not stated. The rate

for vaginal birth ajier prevwus cesarean

(VBAC) delivery is computed by relating

all WAC deliveries to the sum of VBAC

and repeat cesarean deliveries, that is, to

women with a previous cesarean section.
This report presents summary tabulations from the final natality statistics for 1992. More detailed

tabulations for 1992 will be published in Wtal Statistics of the United States, Volume I+Vatality.

Prior to the publication of that volume, the National Center for Health Statistics will respond to

requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

National Center for Health Statktka

Direetor

Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.H.

Deputy Direetor

Jack R. Anderson

Suggested citation Copyright information Associate Direetor for

Ventura SJ, Martin JA, Taffel SM, et al. All material appearing in this report is in the Viial and Health Statistics Systems

Advance report of final natality Satistiea, 1992. public domain and may be reproduced or Peter L. Hurley

Monthly vital statistics repo~ VOI43 no 5, copied without permission; citation as to

suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center source, however, is appreciated. Division of Vitel Statistics

for Health Statistics. 1994. Acting Director

Lester R. Curtin, Ph.D.
Vol. 42, No. 2, Supplement ● August 31, 1993

Monthly Vital

Statistics Report

Final Data Fromthe CENTERSFOR DISEASECONTROLAND PREVENTION/NationalCenter for Health Stakitics

Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1991

Selected contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l

Deaths and death rates . . . . . 2

Expectation of life . . . . . . . . . . 4

Cause ofdeath . . . . . . . . . . ...5

HIVinfection . . . . . . . . . . . ...9

Hispanic deaths . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Drug-induced deaths . . . . . . 9

Alcohol-induced deaths . . . 10

Marital status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Educational attainment . . . . . 10

Infant mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Hispanic infant mortality . . . 12

Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . . 12

Report of autopsy . . . . . . . . . 12

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

List of detailed tables . . . . . . 14

Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Highlights

In 1991 a record 2,169,518 deaths

were registered in the United States,

1,519 more than the previous high of

2,167,999 deaths recorded in 1988 and

21,055 more deaths than in 1990. The

death rate for 1991 was 860.3 deaths

per 100,000 population compared with

the rate of 863.8 in 1990 and 871.3 in

1989. Provisional data for 1992 suggest

that the death rate is continuing to

decline. The age-adjusted death rate,

which eliminates the effects of the

aging of the population, was at a

record Iow of 513.7 per U.S. 100,000

standard million population, 1.2 percent below the 1990 rate of 520.2 and

12.3 percent below the 1980 rate of

585.8. The age-adjusted rate decreased

for the white and black populations

between 1990 and 1991.

For most of the 10-year age groups

for males and females, death rates

declined between 1990 and 1991, but

rates increased slightly for males aged

5–14, 15–24, and 35-44 years and for

females aged 35-44 years. Increases in

mortality were more substantial for

females aged 1-4 and 15–24 years. The

cause of death contributing most to

the increase in death rates for females

aged 1-4 years was Accidents and

adverse effects, and for those aged

15-24 years, Homicide and legal

intervention.

In 1991 life expectancy at birth

reached a record high of 75.5 years.

Women currently are expected to outlive men by an average of 6.9 years,

and white persons are expected to outlive black persons by an average of 7.0

years. White females continue to have

the highest life expectancy at birth

(79.6 years), followed by black females

(73.8 years), white males (72.9 years),

and black males (64.6 years). Although

life expectancy for black males

increased in 1991, it was still below the

peak attained in 1984. The gain in life

expectancy of ordy 0.1 year for the

total population can primarily be

expIained by decreasing death rates for

Diseases of heart and Accidents and

adverse effects that were Iargely offset

by increasing death rates for HIV

infection and Homicide and legal

intervention.

The ranking of the leading causes

of death in 1991 changed for five

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics. Donna L. Hoyert and Bettie L. Hudson of the Mortality Statistics Branch wrote the

report. KennethKochanekprovidedspecialanalysistables.ThomasDunn provided statistical tables and content review. Charles E. Royer

provided computer programming support. The Registration Methods Branch and the Technical Services Branch provided consultation to State

vital statistics offices regarding collection of the death certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Arlett R. Brown and

typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers

National

for Disease

Center for

Control

Health

and

Statistics

Prevention cmcENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL

AND PREVENTION
2~ Monthly Vital Statistics Reporl ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

causes, most notably for Accidents and

adverse effects, Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV infection),

and Homicide and legal intervention.

The first three leading causes of

death – Diseases of heart; Malignant

neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

(cancer); and Cerebrovascular diseases

(stroke) –accounted for 64 percent of

deaths and were the three leading

causes in previous years. In 1991 Accidents and adverse effects, the fourth

leading cause between 1979 and 1990,

was surpassed by Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions, the fifth leading cause between

1979 and 1990. HIV infection continued to climb, moving up from the

10th Ieading cause in 1990 to 9th in

1991, and Homicide and legal intervention moved from the 1lth leading

cause in 1990 to 10th in 1991.

Age-adjusted death rates for 8 of

the 15 leading causes of death declined

between 1990 and 1991, led by reductions for Accidents and adverse effects.

Mortality for Motor vehicle accidents,

a component of Accidents and adverse

effects, declined by 8 percent between

1990 and 1991. Heart disease, the

leading cause of death in the United

States, and stroke, the third leading

cause of death, continued their longterm declines.

Increases in age-adjusted death

rates for leading causes of death

between 1990 and 1991 were led by

HIV infection and Homicide and legal

intervention, with record high ageadjusted death rates for both causes.

The age-adjusted death rate for HIV

infection increased by 15 percent, and

the rate for Homicide and legal intervention increased by 7 percent between 1990 and 1991. Age-adjusted

death rates also increased for Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions (2 percent).

The age-adjusted death rate for

males was about 73 percent higher

than that for females for all causes of

death combined. For each of the 15

leading causes of death, male mortality

was higher. The greatest sex differential was for HIV infection, where

the age-adjusted rate for males was 7.4

times that for females. The smallest

sex differential was for Diabetes melIitus, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1.

Overall, age-adjusted death rates

for the black population exceeded

those.of the white population by about

60 percent. Rates also were higher for

most of the leading causes of death.

The largest race differential continued

to be for Homicide and legal intervention, for which the age-adjusted rate

for the black population was about

seven times that of the white population. The two leading causes that had

lower rates for the black population

were Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions and

Suicide.

There were differences in the

leading causes of death by age.

Overall, the leading cause of death for

age groups 1-4 and each age group

through 25-44 years was Accidents

and adverse effects. For ages 45-64

years Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues was the leading

cause. For the age group 65 years and

over the leading cause of death was

Diseases of heart. The leading cause of

death was the same for the white and

black populations for all age groups

except 15–24 and 25-44 years. For the

white population Accidents and

adverse effects was the leading cause

for these two age groups. For the black

population Homicide and legal intervention was the leading cause for those

aged 15-24 years, and HIV infection

was the leading cause for those aged

25-44 years,

In 1991 there were differences in

the leading causes of death between

the Hispanic and the non-Hispanic

white populations in an area comprised of 47 States, New York State

(excluding New York City), and the

District of Columbia. Although the

two leading causes of death – heart

disease and cancer–were the same for

the two population groups, substantial

differences exist in the ranking of

other leading causes.

The infant mortality rate (8.9

infant deaths per 1,000 live births)

reached a record low in 1991. hong

the leading causes of infant mortality,

the causes contributing the most to the

improvement in the rate were

Congenital anomalies and Respiratory

distress syndrome. An increasing

infant mortality rate for Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight prevented the

infant mortali~ rate from decreasing

further. The decline in the rate

occurred for white infants; the difference in the rate for black infants in

1990 and 1991 was not statistically significant. Neonatal mortality rates

declined for white and black infants

while postneonatal mortality rates did

not change significantly from 1990. In

1991 the infant mortality rate for black

infants remained at more than twice

that for white infants.

Deaths and death rates

In 1991 a total of 2,169,518 deaths

occurred in the United States, 21,055

more than in 1990 and 19,052 more

than in 1989, Before 1991 the 1988

total of 2,167,999 deaths was the

largest final number ever recorded.

Although the number of deaths

increased between 1990 and 1991, the

death rate for 1991, 860.3 per 100,000

population, was 0.4 percent lower

than the rate of 863.8 in 1990. In 1989

the death rate was 871.3. Provisional

data for 1992 suggest that the death

rate is continuing to decline {[1).

Age-adjusted death rates are constructs that show what the level of

mortality would be if no changes

occurred in the age composition of the

population from year to year, (For a

discussion of age-adjusted death rates,

see “Technical notes.”) Thus, they are

better indicators than unadjusted

death rates for showing changes in the

risk of death over a period of time

when the age distribution of the population is changing. Also, they are

better indicators of relative risk when

comparisons of mortality are being

made for sex or race subgroups of the

population that have different age

compositions, The age-adjusted death

rate of 513.7 deaths per U.S. 100,000

standard million population in 1991

was a record low, about 1.2 percent

below the rate of 520,2 for 1990 and

12.3 percent below the rate of 585.8

for 1980 (figure 1). Since 1.980, the
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~3

1,300

L 1

1,300

1,200 1,200

~-

. Crude death rate ●*.*.

“.

%*

●.●..*

●***

‘**”*****a.***.\.*.*..*.**

●..*

●.●..**

“..*.. -

Age-adjusted death rate “=.. . . . . ..-

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

600

500 L A

o 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111 !111 o

1940 1950 1980 1870 1980 1990

NOTE Ag~pecific rates on ●n ●nnual bacis per 100,000 wpulation: ●ge-adjuticd rat- per U.S. 100,000 standard

million; me Technical notrn.

Figure 1. Crude and age-adjusted death rates: United States, 1940-91

age-adjusted death rate has decreased

everyyearexcept 1985 and 1988, years

when major influenza outbreaks

increased mortality in the United

States (2,3).

Death rates by age, sex, and race

Between 1990 and 1991, death

rates for both sexes combined declined

for all of the 10-year age groups except

1-4, 15-24, and 35-44 years (table A).

The Iargest decrease (5.7 percent)

occurred for the age group under 1

year of age, and the largest increase

(1.3 percent) occurred for those aged

1–4 years.

For the white population death

rates declined between 1990 and 1991

for all age groups except 1-4, 25-34,

and 35-44 years. The largest decrease

(4.2 percent) occurred for those under

1 year of age, and the largest increase

(1.5 percent) occurred for those aged

1–4 years. For the black population

death rates declined for all age groups

except those aged 1+ 15–24, and

35-44 years. The largest decline

occurred for the age group under 1

year (8.0 percent), and the largest

increase occurred for those aged 15–24

years (9.4 percent).

The death rate for males also

declined between 1990 and 1991 for all

age groups except 5-14, 15-24, and

35-44 years. The largest decrease for

males was for those under 1 year

(5.4 percent), and the largest increase

was for those aged 5–14 years

(0.7 percent). The increase in death

rates between 1990 and 1991 for males

aged 35-44 years (0.4 percent) continued the increase begun between

1983 and 1984, a reversal of the downward trend for this age group since the

late 1960’s (figure 2 and table A).

For females age-specific rates have

generally been decreasing since 1950.

Between 1990 and 1991, death rates

declined for all age groups except 1-4,

15-24, 25-34, and 35-44 years. The

largest decreases in death rates

Tabie A. Percent change in death ratea between 1990 and 1991 by age, race, and sex

United States

Age Total White Black Male Female

Percent change

Allagea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.1

Under lyearl . . . . . . . . . . -~ -4.2 -8.0 -5.4 -6.0

l~yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6

5-14years . . . . . . . . . . . . -1;7 -; :: -%? 0.7 -Q

lS-24yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 2.0

25-34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . -N -% -:: 0.0

35-44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . k;

45-54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . -?2 -0.8 .:; -:: .??

55-84 years. . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 -1.0 -3.4 -1.8 -0.7

65-74 years. ,, ..,.,.... -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.5 -0.7

7&64years . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.0 -2.0 -0.4 -2.5 -1.7

65yeara andover . . . . . . . . -1.4 -1.5 -0.9 -1.4 -1.5

between 1990 and 1991 occurred for

females under 1 year (6.0 percent)

and 5-14 years (5.2 percent). The

largest increase was for 1-4 years

(4.1 percent) and 15-24 years

(2.0 percent). Accidents and adverse

effects was the cause of death that

contributed most to the increase in

death rates for females aged 1-4 years,

and Homicide and legal intervention

was the cause for those aged 15–24

years.

Death rates for the younger population under 15 years of age are subject

to substantial fluctuation from year to

year because of the relatively small

number of deaths occurring in these

age groups. Death rates at these ages

were very low compared with other

ages.

Age-adjusted death rates for white

males decreased by 2 percent between

1990 and 1991 and for white females

by 1 percent. The age-adjusted death

rate decreased by 1 percent for black

males and females. Age-adjusted

death rates have decreased almost

every year since 1980 for white males

and females, resulting in yet another

set of record low rates in 1991. For

black males, rates decreased between

1980 and 1982, increased between

1984 and 1988, and decreased between

1988 and 1991. However, the ageadjusted rate of 1,048.8 in 1991 was

still greater than the record low of

1,035.4 in 1982. Rates for black

females fluctuated between 1980 and

1987 but have decreased each year

since 1988. The 1991 age-adjusted rate

of 575.1 was a record low for black

females.

In 1991 the age-adjusted death

rate for males of all races was 1.7 times

that for females. In 1950 the male-tofemale ratio was 1.5. The 1970 ratio

(1.7) increased to 1.8 during the late

1970’s until 1987 when the ratio again

declined to 1.7. For 1991 the ratio

between male and female age-adjusted

death rates was 1.7 for the white

population and 1.8 for the black

population,

In 1991 the age-adjusted death

rate for the black population was 1.6

times that for the white population,

the same ratio that has prevailed since

1987. From 1960 through 1986, the

ratio was 1.5.

lDeath mtaa undar I year (based on population eatimatea) differ frominfantmortalityratea(based on live biitk); Seetable E
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Msie Female

40,000 * 40,000

85 years and over

85 years and over

20,000 20,000

75-84 years

10,000

b

.---_r-H--m-

--

Io,ooo

75-84 years 8,000 -e-- 8,000 -\____

6,000 65-74 years 6,000 ----

a

+----”- “---- ------

4,000 4,000 65-74 years

--=--——-

.=5

~

2,000 55-84 years

2,000 ●P*-w n*-

Under 1 year! a

2 ++*_- 5544 Ye: 45-54 years

~ 1,000 g“==. . . . . . . ...==.== 11. . . . . . 1,000

800 ●-...

~

== . . . 800

●-==..... 600

r600 .9. 45-54 years

5 35-# years ●**

cl ●*-* . ...-....= . = 90......=

o 400 400 =* =...

2 ●=.9.....

25-34 yeara 35-44 years

200 =---_d#~**-y-+--

%.+* -4-

- 200 #--m F

,.*** ●w= /

k . &.**.

● ●*.....* 15-24 years

%*--- 25-34 years

100 ●. . . . .

●~==-...,,.

100 ●. . . . . . .

80 1-4 yeare “.... *.-. 80 -% 1-4 years c.-.... -\_-

-

. . . . . .

60 —-\- “= %

●- .

~~flfl=

---

●*......* 60 -u-= - “ +-+-

--- 15-24 years

40 5-14 years ~-% “%

-

40 ‘------ *- \. 5-14 years -\hw

20 - 20 -+-

10 1111111111111111111111 Illlllllllllllttll 10 1111111111111111111111111 111111111111111

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1965 1990 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

1Death rates under 1 year (based on population esllmates) differ from Infant mortality rates (based on five births~ see figure 5 for infant mortality rates and Technical

notes for furlher discussion of the dlffarence,

Figure 2. Death rates by age and sex: United States, 1950-91

Expectation of life at birth and .

at specified ages

In 1991 the average expectation of

life at birth reached a record high of

75.5 years. This continued the general

upward trend in life expectancy in the

United States.

The expectation of life at birth for

1991 represents the average number of

years that a group of infants would live

if the infants were to experience

throughout life the age-specific death

rates prevailing in 1991. In 1991 life

expectancy for females was 78,9 years

compared with 72.0 years for males;

both figures represent increases over

1990. The difference in life expectancy

between the sexes was 6.9 years in

1991, smaller than the difference of 7.0

years in 1990. In contrast to widening

from 1900 to 1972 (2.0 years in 1900,

5.5 years in 1950, and 6,5 years in

1960), the difference in life expectancy

between the sexes narrowed between

1979 and 1988 (7.7 and 7.8 years

throughout the period 1972–79, 7.1

years in 1984, and 6.9 years in 1988)

and has subsequently fluctuated

between 6.8 and 7.0 years.

Between 1990 and 1991, life

expectancy for the white population

increased from 76.1 years to a record

high of 76.3 years, and for the bIack

population, from 69.1 years to 69.3

years. Although the difference in life

expectancy between the white and

black populations narrowed from 7.6

years in 1970 to 5.7 years in 1982, it

increased to 7.1 years in 1989 before

declining to 7.0 years in 1990 and 1991.

Among the four race-sex groups,

white females continued to have the

highest life expectancy at birth (79.6

years), followed by black females (73.8

years), white males (72.9 years), and

black males (64.6 years) (figure 3).

Between 1990 and 1991, life expectancy increased for black males (from

64.5 years in 1990 to 64.6 years in

1991) and for black females (from 73.6

in 1990 to 73.8 in 1991). Life expectancy for black males declined every

year from 1984 through 1989 but
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~5

80

79

2

76

;2

73

72

71

~ 70

~ 69

> 68

67

66

65

64

63

62

61

60

Black female

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

1

●. . .

. . . . . . . ...*”

. . . . . . .

.-.0. -=-”--

. . . .

.@=-=*”

-. .-9---

●*””

.z. -

. . . White male

. . . . . . . . . . .

~.-

------

1

o~

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990

Figure 3. Life expectancy by sex United States, 1970-91

increased in 1990 and 1991. However,

life expectancy for black males was still

0.7 years below the peak life expectancy of 65.3 years attained in 1984.

Before 1988 life expectancy for black

females fluctuated, but life expectancy

for black females increased from 1988

to 1991. Overall, the largest gain in life

expectancy between 1980 and 1991 was

for white males (2.2 years), followed by

white females (1.5 years), black

females (1.3 years), and black males

(0.8 years).

The 1991 life table may be used to

compare life expectancies at any age

from birth onward. For example, a

person who has reached age 65 years

may look forward to living to an older

age, on the average, than one who has

reached 50 years. On the basis of mortality experienced in 1991; a person

aged 50 years could expect to live an

average of 29,2 more years for a total

of 79.2 years, and a person aged 65

years could expect to live an average of

17.4 more years for a total of 82,4

years.

Cause of death

Deaths assigned to the 15 leading

causes accounted for 86 percent of the

total number of deaths in 1991

(table B). (For ranking procedures,

see “Technical notes.”) The ranking of

10 of the 15 leading causes of death for

1991, including the first 3, was

unchanged from the list based on data

for 1990. The rankings changed for five

of the causes. Accidents and adverse

effects, the fourth leading cause

between 1979 and 1990, and Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions, the fifth leading

cause between 1979 and 1990,

switched rankings in 1991, HIV infection, the 10th leading cause in 1990,

increased to 9th in 1991. Homicide and

legal intervention increased in rank

from llth to 10th, and Chronic liver

disease and cirrhosis decreased in rank

from 9th to llth.

In 1991 there were major differences in the leading causes of death by

age. At the younger ages (age group

1-4 years and each age group through

25-44 years), Accidents and adverse

effects was the leading cause, while at

the older ages chronic diseases were

the leading cause –Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues for

those aged 45 to 64 years and Diseases

of heart for those aged 65 years and

over. Within broad age groups, the

leading cause for the white and black

populations was the same except for

the age groups 15–24 and 25-44 years.

For the age group 15–24 years, the

leading cause for the white population

was Accidents and adverse effects,

while the leading cause for the black

population was Homicide and legal

intervention. For the age group 25–44

years the leading cause for the white

population was Accidents and adverse

effects, while the leading cause for the

black population was HIV infection.

For the age group 15–24 years and

every age group through 65 years and

over, Accidents and adverse effects

ranked higher for the white population, while Homicide and legal intervention and HIV infection consistently

Table B. Death rates and percent of total deaths for the 15 leading causes of death:

United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population. See table 7 for categoiy numbers of causes of death]

Percent

Rank Cause of deafh (Ninth Revision International of total

orderl Classification of Oiseases, 1975) Rate deaths

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

;

:

10

11

12

13

14

15

. . .

Alloauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860.3

Diseaaes of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.9

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

~~~g~~;~s~g~j~g~~ietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.1

56.9

Chronic obstructive puimo;~ ~se~e~. . . . . . . . . . .

and allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9

Accidenta andadverse effecfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4

Motor vehicle accldenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.3

All other accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . 18.2

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2

Human immunodeficlencv virus Infection . . . . . . . . . . 11.7

Homicide and legal Intetiention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis . . . . . . .

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C;w&nd conditions originating in the perinatal

AIl other&;&&:::::::::::: ::::::::::::::

10.5

10.1

8.5

7.8

6.9

11?:

100.0

33.2

23.7

6.6

4.2

4.1

2.0

:::

2.3

1,4

1,4

1.2

1.2

i::

0.8

1Rankbaeedon numberof deaths see Technicalnotes.
6~ Monthly Vital

ranked higher for the black population

for all age groups under 65 years.

Trends in mortality based on ageadjusted death rates are shown in figure 4 and table C for 14 of the 15

leading causes for all ages. Ageadjusted rates for Certain conditions

originating in the perinatal period are

not discussed because deaths from this

cause occur mairdy among infants

under 1 year.

For eight of the leading causes of

death, the age-adjusted death rates

decreased between 1990 and 1991

(table C). These causes were Diseases

of heart, Malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues,

Cerebrovascular diseases, Accidents

and adverse effects, Pneumonia and

influenza, Suicide, Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and Atherosclerosis. The largest decline was for

Accidents and adverse effects (5 percent). Motor vehicle accidents, a component of Accidents and adverse

effects, declined by 8 percent between

1990 and 1991. The declines for Diseases of heart, Cerebrovascular diseases, and Atherosclerosis were

consistent with the generally

Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

downward trends observed since 1950.

Accidents and adverse effects has

exhibited a general downward trend

since 1968, while Chronic liver disease

and cirrhosis has exhibited a downward trend since 1973. Pneumonia and

influenza, which had a general downward trend for 1969–82, has shown an

upward trend since the early 1980’s,

marked by the periodic effects of influenza outbreaks that have occurred

since 1982 (3). There continued to be a

decrease in the age-adjusted death

rate for Atherosclerosis —a decrease

of 4 percent occurred between 1990

and 1991 —although it was not as large

as the decrease as in previous years

(10 percent between 1989 and 1990

and 14 percent between 1988 and

1989).

Increases in the age-adjusted

death rates between 1990 and 1991

occurred for four of the leading causes

of death —Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions;

Diabetes mellitus; HIV infection; and

Homicide and legal intervention. The

largest increase for 1991, 15 percent,

was for HIV infection, which showed a

somewhat greater increase than in

Table C. Age-adjusted death ratee for 1991 and percent changes in age-adjusted death

rates for the 15 leading causes of death from 1990 to 1991 and 1979 to 1991:

United States

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes]

Percent

change from -

Age-adjusted 1990 1979

Rank Cause of death (Ninth Revision International death rates to to

orderl Classlfiostion of Diseases, 1975) for 1991 1991 1991

. . . All Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.7 -1.2 -11.0

1 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14S.2 -2.5

2

-25.7

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,5

3

-0.4 2.8

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6 -3.2

4

-35.6

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and

allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1

5

2.0 37.7

Accidents andadverse effecte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 -4.6 -27.7

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 -8.1 -26.7

All other accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 -0.7 -29.1

6 Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4

7

-4.3 19.6

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 0.9 20.4

6 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 -0.9 -2.6

Human immunodeficiency virus infection . . . . . . . 11.3

1:

15.3 ---

Homicide and legal intewention . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 6.9

11 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 -3.5 -3$:

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosls . . . . . 4.3 —

;: Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 78.3

14 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,6 -3.7

15

-54.4

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 2 . . . . . -4.0 -39.5

1Rank based on number of deaths: see Technical notes.

21nasmuch as deaths from this cause occur mainlyamongInfanta,percentchangeaare bsaedon infantmortalityratesInstead

of age-adjustedrates.

1990 (13 percent) but a smaller

increase than in 1989 (30 percent) or

in 1988 (22 percent). The age-adjusted

death rate for HIV infection, 11.3, was

a new record high. The age-adjusted

death rate for Diabetes mellitus

showed a much smaller increase for

1991 and 1990 (1.0 percent for both

years) compared with the 14-percent

increase in 1989. Diabetes mortality

decreased from the late 1960’s

throughout the 1970’s and remained at

a plateau until 1988, The age-adjusted

death rate for Homicide and legal

intervention increased by 7 percent

between 1990 and 1991, and the ageadjusted rate was 1 percent greater

than the previous record high of 10.8

in 1980. The age-adjusted death rate

for Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions increased

between 1990 and 1991 by 2 percent,

continuing the long-term trend of

increase for this cause of death.

The very large decrease in mortality for Atherosclerosis and the very

large increase for Diabetes mellitus

that occurred between 1988 and 1990

may be because almost all States

implemented a revision of the death

certificate patterned after the 1989

revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death. A large majori~ of

these States altered the medical certification of death and instructions in

such a way that physicians may have

changed the way in which they report

causes of death (4,5).

Mortality levels for each of the 15

leading causes of death were higher

for males than for females (table D).

Ten of the leading causes of death

showed differentials in which death

rates for males were at least 1.5 times

that for females. The age-adjusted

death rate for HIV infection, in which

the death rate for males was 7.4 times

that for females, was the largest differential. Other large differentials were

for Suicide (4.4); Homicide and legal

intervention (3.8); Accidents and

adverse effects (2.6); Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2.3); Diseases of

heart (1.9); Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions

(1.7); Pneumonia and influenza (1.7);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~7

400

300

+

Sixth

200

t

. . ..m- . . . . ..m. ,

u0.8

0.7

0.6

1

/

0.5 .-e

0.4

!

./

0.3

0.1 L_LLd_u

1950 1955

Revisions of the In!

Seventh

~

@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ■ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎

@=_..

, #*\” 0

I 111, ,1,,1

1960 1955

national Classification of Disc;

Eighth

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

●✎☛●☛☛☛

●☛●✎☛

✍☛✎✎✎✎✝✎✎✎

●2

0

0“

*#”

0 .*

s

Ninth 1

mm. a m=....... . . . ...9====.

j

-XL==<: g “Sgtofhea”

2 f&i

neoplasms,

including

@

neoplasms of

---- Iymphatic and

---

-d hemalopoietic

tissues

0/ -%% .*e. g*....** 1

‘“”~””:x::-”:””

0

/“ \

\

t+

Cerebrovascular

diseases

Chronic obstructive

pulmonary

diseases and

allied condition

Accidents and

adverse effects

Pneumonia and

influenza

Oiabetes mellitus

Suicide

Human immunodeficiency

virus infection

;010 Homicide and legal

intewantion

1

011 Chronic liver

disease and

cirrhosis

1

012 Nephritis,

nephrotic

syndrome, and

nephrosis

1

@ Septicemia

o14 Atherosclerosis

11111111 I I 1 I

1970 1975 1980 1925 1980

Figure 4. Age-adjusted rates for 14 of the 15 leading causes of death: United Statea, 1950-91
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

Table D. Ratio of age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death by sex and

race: United States, 1991

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes]

Ratio ofRank Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Male to Black to

orderl Classification of Diseases, 1975) female white

. . . Allcauaea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.73 1.60

Dlseaees of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.89

;

1.47

Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.47

3

1.37

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

1,19 1.89

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions.....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

1.74 0.83

Accidents andadverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.63 1.28

. . . Motor vehicle accidenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.39 0.98

. . . Another accidents and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

2.94 1.69

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

1.65 1.46

Diabetea mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

1.14 2.42

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

4,37 0,57

Human immunodeficiencyvirus infection. . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

7.44 3.42

Homicide and legalinterventlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

11

3.84 6.76

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

2.25 1.58

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis. . . . . . . . . .

13

1.54 2.78

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

1.31 2.71

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

1.36 1.12

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.27 3.13

lRank basedon numberof deaths see Technicalnotes.

‘Inasmuchaa deathsfromthlscauae occurmalnlvemona Infants.retlosarebeeedon InfantmortallvratesInsteadof aae- .-

adjuateddeathrates.

nephrosis (1.5); and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

(1.5). The smallest sex difference in

mortality was for Diabetes mellitus,

with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1.

For females the age-adjusted

death rate for all causes combined

decreased by lpercent between 1990

and 1991. Decreases in rates occurred

for nine of the leading causes of

death–Diseases of hear~ Malignant

neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues;

Cerebrovascular diseases; Accidents

and adverse effects; Pneumonia and

influenza; Suicide; Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis; and

Atherosclerosis. Increases in rates

occurred for four leading causes

including Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions,

HIV infection, Homicide and legal

intervention, and Septicemia. The rate

for one cause, Diabetes mellitus, was

unchanged.

For males the age-adjusted death

rate for all causes combined declined

by2percent between 1990 and 1991.

Decreases occurred in the rates for 10

of the leading causes of death-Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues; Cerebrovascular diseases; Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions; Accidents and adverse effects;

Pneumonia and influenza; Suicide;

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis;

Septicemia; and Atherosclerosis.

Increases in the age-adjusted death

rate occurred for Diabetes mellitus,

HIV infection, and Homicide and legal

intervention. There was no change in

the age-adjusted death rate for

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis. For males the largest

increase was for HIV infection

(14 pereent). Behveen 1990 and 1991

the age-adjusted death rate for Motor

vehicle accidents continued the

decline observed between 1988 and

1990,

Mortality was higher for the black

population than for the white population for most of the leading causes

(table D). The largest differential was

for Homicide and legal intervention,

for which the age-adjusted death rate

for the black population was 6.8 times

that of the white population. Other

causes for which the differential was

large include HIV infection (3.4);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis (2.8); Septicemia (2.7); Diabetes mellitus (2.4); Cerebrovascular

diseases (1.9); Chronic liver disease

and cirrhosis (1.6); Pneumonia and

influenza (1.5); and Diseases of heart

(1.5). Age-adjusted rates for the black

population were lower than those for

the white population for two leading

causes of death —Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions and Suicide.

For the white population

decreases in age-adjusted rates

occurred for seven leading causes of

death. The largest decrease was for

Accidents and adverse effects (4.7 percent). Of the leading causes that

increased for the white population, the

largest increases were for HIV infection (12.5 percent) and Homicide and

legal intervention (5.1 percent).

The increase in the death rate for

the white population aged 1–4 years

between 1990 and 1991 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for

Accidents and adverse efl!ects and

Homicide and legal intervention;

increase in the age-specific death rate

for the white population aged 15-24

years was primarily due to increases in

Homicide and legal intervention (from

9.9 to 10.8) for this age group. In

contrast, for those aged 75-84 years

the decrease in the death rate was

primarily due to a decrease iln the rate

for Diseases of heart.

For the black population ageadjusted death rates were lower in

1991 than in 1990 for nine of the

leading causes, including Chronic liver

disease and cirrhosis (10.2 percent);

Atherosclerosis (6.5 percent); Pneumonia and influenza (5.6 percent);

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis (4.6 percent); Cerebrovascular diseases (3.3 percent); Accidents

and adverse effects (2.0 percent);

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (1.5 percent); Suicide (1.4 percent); and Diseases of heart (1.2 percent). Of the leading causes that

increased for the black population, the

largest increase was for HIV infection

(19.8 percent). Other increases were

for Homicide and legal intervention

(6.1 percent), Diabetes mellitus

(2.4 percent), and Chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseases and allied conditions (1.2 percent).
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~9

The increase in the death rate for

the black population aged 1-4 years

between 1990 and 1991 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for

Pneumonia and influenza and Accidents and adverse effects. The increase

in the death rate for the black population aged 15-24 years reflected

increases in Homicide and legal intervention (78.2–90.0, an increase of

15 percent). In contrast, the decrease

in the death rate for the black population aged 55-64 years bemeen 1990

and 1991 was primarily due to a

decrease in the rate for Malignant

neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues

and Diseases of heart.

Despite increases in HIV infection

and Homicide and legal intervention,

the overall life expectancy improved to

75.5 years in 1991 primarily because of

decreases in mortality from Diseases

of heart and Accidents and adverse

effects. (For discussion of contribution

to change in life expectancy, see

“Technical notes.”) Among white

males, life expectancy improved by 0.2

years between 1990 and 1991 because

of decreases in Diseases of heart and

Accidents and adverse effects,

although rates for HIV infection

increased. The improvement in life

expectancy for white females also

reflected decreases in Diseases of

heart, but was limited to a gain of 0.2

years because of increases in Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and

allied conditions and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues.

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues was the leading cause of death

that principally contributed to the O.1-

year gain in life expectancy among

black males. This gain occurred

despite offsetting increases in HIV

infection and Homicide and legal

intervention. The life expectancy for

black females improved, from 73.6

years in 1990 to 73.8 in 1991, in part,

because of decreasing rates for Diseases of heart.

HIV Infection

In 1991 there were 29,555 deaths

due to HIV infection, 17.3 percent

more than the 25,188 deaths recorded

in 1990. Of these deaths, 62 percent

(18,366 deaths) were for white males;

25 percent (7,440 deaths), for black

males; 7 percent (1,997 deaths), for

black females; and 5 percent (1,484

deaths) were for white females. The

largest numbers for males and femzdes

were for the age groups 25–34 and

35-44 years. AIthough the numbers of

deaths were greatest for white males,

the age-adjusted death rates and

ahnost all age-specific death rates were

highest for black males, followed by

white males, black females, and white

females.

Overall, HIV infection was ranked

as the ninth Ieading cause of death in

1991. For the black population it

ranked 6th, and for the white population it ranked 10th among the leading

causes of death. For males of all races

combined, HIV infection was the 7th

leading cause of death; while for

females it did not rank among the 10

leading causes.

By age, HIV infection ranked

among the 10 leading causes of death

for ages 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-44, and

45-64 years. HIV infection ranked seventh for ages 1-4 years, ninth for ages

5-14, sixth for ages 15–24 years, third

for ages 2544 years, and ninth for

ages 45-64 years. AIthough HIV infection was the seventh leading cause for

ages 1-4 years, the number of deaths

due to this cause was relatively

small– 155 deaths, or 2 percent of

deaths from all causes for that age

group.

Hispanic deaths

Leading causes of death for all age

groups combined for the Hispanic

population differ by rank and cause

from those for the non-Hispanic white

population in an area comprised of 47

States, New York State (excluding

New York Chy), and the District of

Columbia (see “Technical notes”).

Although the two leading causes of

death–Diseases of heart and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms

of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues –are the same for both groups,

they accounted for 59 percent of all

deaths in 1991 for the non-Hispanic

white population but for only

43 percent of the deaths for the Hispanic population.

Major differences in leading

causes of death between the two

groups were as follows: Of the 10

Ieading causes of death for the Hispanic population, three –Homicide

and legal intervention (5th leading

cause), HIV infection (7th), and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (lOth) —were not among

the 10 leading causes for the nonHispanic white population. Conversely, 3 of the Ieading causes for the

non-Hispanic white population were

not among the 10 leading causes for

the Hispanic population, including

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied conditions (4th), Suicide (8th), and Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome, and nephrosis (lOth).

Differences in the ranking of the

leading causes of death between the

two population groups largely reflect

differences in age composition

behveen the two groups; within broad

age groups, leading causes were similar. However, even within age categories some differences exist. Homicide

and legal intervention consistently

ranked higher for the Hispanic population than for the non-Hispanic white

population for all age groups between

15–24 years and 45-64 years. HIV

infection for the Hispanic population

aged 1–14, 15–24, 2544, and 45–64

years consistently ranked higher than

for the non-Hispanic white population

for these same age groups. Diabetes

mellitus and Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis ranked higher for the Hispanic population aged 45-64 years and

65 years and over.

Drug-induced deaths

In 1991 a total of 10,388 persons

died of drug-induced causes in the

United States. The catego~ druginduced causes includes not only

deaths from dependent and nondependent use of drugs (legal and illegal

use), but also poisoning from medically

prescribed and other drugs. It excludes

accidents, homicides, and other causes

indirectly related to drug use (for

drug-induced causes, see “Technical

notes”). The age-adjusted death rate

for drug-induced causes in 1991 was
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

3.8 deaths per U.S. 100,000 standard

miilion population. The rate increased

by 35 percent from 1983 to 1988, then

declined 14 percent between 1988 and

1990, and increased again in 1991 by

6 percent. The age-adjusted death rate

for drug-induced causes for males was

1.9 times the rate for females, and the

rate for the black population was 1.8

times that for the white population.

Aicohoi-induced deaths

In 1991 a total of 19,233 persons

died of alcohol-induced causes in the

United States. The category alcoholinduced causes includes not only

deaths from dependent and nondependent use of alcohol, but also accidental

poisoning by alcohol. It excludes accidents, homicides, and other causes

indirectly related to alcohol use (for

alcohol-induced causes, see “Technical notes”). The age-adjusted death

rate for alcohol-induced causes in 1991

was 6.8 deaths per U.S. 100,000 standard million population, which was

lower than the rate of 7.2 for the

previous year by 6 percent. The rate

decreased by 20 percent from 1980 to

1986, increased by 9 percent from 1986

to 1989, and decreased by 7 percent

from 1989 to 1991. The age-adjusted

death rate for alcohol-induced causes

for males was 3.4 times the rate for

femaies, and the rate for the black

population was 2.3 times the rate for

the white population.

Marital status

About 90 percent of the persons

15 years of age and over who died in

1991 had been married. The proportion was larger for females (92 percent) than for males (87 percent) and

for the white population (90 percent)

than for the black population (80 percent). The proportion who were widowed at the time of death was

considerably greater for women

(57 percent) than for men (18 percent)

but about the same for both major race

groups –38 percent of the white population and 33 percent of the black population. Some of the differences

between groups can be accounted for

by differences in age composition.

Educational attainment

In an area comprised of 30 States,

New York State (excluding New York

City), and the District of Columbia,

about 61 percent of the persons who

died in 1991 had completed high

schooi (see “Technical notes”). In the

previous year about 60 percent of the

persons 15 years of age and over who

died had completed high school in an

area comprised of 28 States and the

District of Columbia. In 1991 the percent was the same for males and

females (61 percent), but somewhat

different for the white population

(62 percent) compared with the black

population (49 percent). The same

proportion of white females and white

males (62 percent) who died in 1991

had completed high school. The proportion who had completed 4 years of

college was smaller for white females

(9.1 percent) than for white males

(13.2 percent). A similar proportion of

black females (49 percent) and black

males (48 percent) had completed high

school. Slightly more black females

(5.9 percent) than black males

(5.2 percent) had completed 4 years of

college at the time of death.

Infant mortality

A change in the tabulation by race

of live births beginning with data for

1989 affects infant mortality rates by

race, because counts of live births

comprise the denominator of infant

mortality rates. The tabulation of race

for live births changed from race of

child to race of mother. As a result,

infant mortality rates by race after

1989 are not comparable with those of

previous years. In general, changing

the basis for tabulating birth data from

race of child to race of mother results

in more white births and fewer black

births and births of other races. Therefore, infant mortality rates based on

live births tabulated by race of mother

tend to be lower for white infants and

higher for black infants and infants of

other races than they are when computed on the basis of live births tabulated by race of child. (For additional

detail, see “Technical notes.”)

There were 36,766 deaths of

infants under 1 year of age (table E) in

1991 compared with 38,351 in the previous year, The infant mortality rate of

8.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births

was the lowest final rate ever recorded

for the United States (figure ,5). It represented a decline of 3 percent from

the rate of 9.2 for the previous year.

The mortality rate for white infants

declined 4 percent (7.6 in 1990 compared with 7.3 in 1991). The change in

the rate for black infants (18.0 in 1990

compared with 17.6 in 1991) was not

statistically significant,

In 1991 the infant mortality rate

for black infants (17.6) was 2.4 times

the rate for white infants (7.3), the

same ratio as in the previous year.

Historically, the ratio has been

increasing (6).

Between 1990 and 1991 the neonatal mortality rate declined by

3.4 percent, from 5.8 to 5.6 deaths for

infants under 28 days per 1.,000 live

births. For white infants the rate

declined from 4.8 to 4.5, and for black

infants the rate declined from 11.6 to

11.2. Neonatal mortality rates historically have declined for both races,

although the declines have been more

rapid for the white population (6).

The postneonatal mortality rate –

deaths to infants 28 days – 11 months

per 1,000 live births – remained the

same for 1991 at 3.4 deaths. For white

infants the postneonatal mortality rate

remained constant at 2.8 deaths per

1,000 live births, while for black infants

the change in the rate was not significant. The historical trend for postneonatal mortality was of more rapid

declines in postneonatal mortali~ for

black than for white infants (6).

Among the 10 leading causes of

infant death, the first 4—Congenital

anomalies, Sudden infant death syndrome, Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight,

and Respiratory distress syndrome —

accounted for just over half (54 percent) of all infant deaths in 1991; and

the remaining 6 causes accounted for

only 15 percent of all infant deaths.

The list of the 10 leading causes of

infant death was unchanged in 1991,

but the rankings for 2 of the leading

causes of infant death changed slightly

between 1990 and 1991. Pneumonia

and influenza increased in rank from
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~11

Table E. Infant, neonatal, and poatneonatal deaths and mortality rates by race and sex

United States, 1991

[Rates are Infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days-11 months) deaths per

100,000 live birthsInspeclfledgroup.BeginningIn1989,race for live births is tabulated according to race of

mothen see Technical notes]

Infant Neonatal Postneonafsl

Race and sex Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Allracesl . . . . . . . . 36,766

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,008

Female .,, . . . . . . . 15,758

White . . . . . . . . . . . 23,657

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,696

Female. . . . . . . . . . 9,961

Black, . . . . . . . . . . 11,994

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,714

Female . . . . . . . . . . 5,280

694.4

999.7

784.2

729.9

825,5

629.6

1,757.1

1,937.9

1,570.7

22,978

12,974

10,004

14,698

8,312

6,386

7,677

4,351

3,326

559.0

617.4

497.9

453.5

501.0

403.6

1,124.7

1,255.9

989.4

13,768

8,034

5,754

8,959

5,384

3,575

4,317

2,363

1,954

335.4

382.3

286.4

276.4

324.5

226.0

632.4

662.1

581.3

IIncludes races other than white and black.

“%

-g

a

● Raceofmother

70 — — 70

@ — — 60

50 — 50

●.”.* ● Black ● .“.....

.* “.. .. %....+ “...*.....*

. ●.*

40— “. 40 ‘.“..

‘.“*“.

●.

“.

30— $. — 30 ●..

“Y “.*

“.

“.

“.

20 — White *. — 20

10—

9 —

8 —

7 111111111111111111111 111111111111111111

1950 1960 i970 1980 1990

N07E Infant daaths are cla..ifnd by r- of demndmtt Soginning in 1969, k births .r. cfawifmd by

racaofmothoc from lWO-SO.ndby maofchil&~Twhniul notas.

Figure 5. Infant mortality rates by race: United States, 1950-91

the 10th leading causein 1990 to the

9thin 1991, Intrauterine hypoxia and

birth asphyxia, the 9th leading cause in

1990, decreased to the 10th.

Between 1990 and 1991 the infant

mortality rate decreased for 6 of the 10

leading causes of infant death,

increased for 3 causes, and remained

unchanged for 1 cause. The largest

decreases were for Intrauterine

hypoxia and birth asphyxia (20percent), Respiratory distress syndrome

(9 percent), and Congenital anomalies

and Newborn affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy (6 percent

each). Mortality rates for each of these

causes of death have been declining

over time (3,6). The three increases

were for Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight (4 percent), Accidents and

adverse effects (4 percent), and Infections specific to the perinatal period

(2 percent). The causes contributing

the most to the improvement in the

overall infant mdrtality rate were Congenital anomalies and Respiratory distress syndrome. The increasing rate for

Disorders relating to short gestation

and unspecified low birthweight was

the principal cause preventing the

infant mortali~ rate from decreasing

more than it did.

Differences between infant mortality rates for white and black infants

by cause are reflected in differences in

ranking of the leading causes of infant

death as well as in differences in

cause-specific infant mortality rates.

Congenital anomalies was the leading

cause of death for white infants, followed by Sudden infant death syndrome, Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight, and Respiratory distress syndrome. Together these four causes

accounted for 56 percent of white

infant deaths. In contrast, for black

infants the leading cause of death was

Disorders relating to short gestation

and unspecified low birthweight, followed by Sudden infant death syndrome, Congenital anomalies, and

Respiratory distress syndrome. These

four causes accounted for 50 percent

of all black infant deaths.

AIthough the difference between

black and white infant mortality rates
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

varied by cause, the risk was higher for

black than for white infants for all the

leading causes. Expressed as the ratio

of the infant mortality rate for black

infants to that for white infants, beginning with the highest ratio, the leading

causes ranked are Disorders relating

to short gestation and unspecified low

birthweight (4.4); Pneumonia and

influenza (3.2); Respiratory distress

syndrome and Infections specific to the

perinatal period (2.6 each); Newborn

affected by maternal complications of

pregnancy (2.5); Intrauterine hypoxia

and birth asphyxia (2.3); Newborn

affected by complications of placenta,

cord, and membranes (2.1); Sudden

infant death syndrome and Accidents

and adverse effects (2.1 each); and

Congenital anomalies (1.2).

Hispanic infant mortality

The infant mortality rate was 7.5

deaths to Hispanic infants under 1

year of age per 1,000 live births in an

area comprised of 47 States, New York

State (excluding New York City), and

the District of Columbia. This was

6 percent higher than the rate of 7.1

for non-Hispanic white infants. Among

specified subgroups of the Hispanic

population, the mortality rate for Mexican infants was 7.5 deaths to infants

under 1 year of age per 1,000 live

births, 9.0 for Puerto Rican infants,

and 5.9 for Cuban infants. Infant mortality rates by specified Hispanic origin

and race for non-Hispanic origin may

be somewhat understated (see “Technical notes”).

Maternal mortality

In 1991,323 women were reported

to have died of maternal causes

(table F) compared with 343 in 1990.

As in previous years, the number does

not include all deaths occurring to

pregnant women, but only to those

deaths assigned to Complications of

pregnaney, childbirth, and the puerperium (ICD-9 Nos. 630-676), The

maternal mortality rate for 1991 was

7.9 deaths per 100,000 live births compared with a rate of 8.2 in 1990. The

difference in the rate between the 2

years was not statistically significant.

Table F. Maternal deaths and maternal

mortality rates by race: United States, 1991

[Maternal deaths are those aasigned to

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperium, category numbers 630–676 of the Ninth

Revision /nternationa/ Classification of Diseases,

1975. Rates per 100,000 live births in specified

group. Beginning in 1969, race for live births is

tabulated according to race of mothep see Technical

notes]

Race Number Rate

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 7.9

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 1::

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 16.3

Black women have a higher risk of

maternal death than white women. In

1991 the maternal mortality rate for

black women was 18.3, 3.2 times the

rate of 5.8 for white women. The

change in the tabulation by race of live

births beginning with data for 1989

affects maternal mortality rates by race

as it does infant mortality rates,

because counts of live births comprise

the denominator of maternal mortality

rates (see “Technical notes”).

Report of autopsy

For 1991 all States requested

information on the death certificate as

to whether autopsies were performed.

They were reported as performed on

233,707 decedents, or 10.8 percent of

the deaths that occurred in 1991, a

reduction from the 11.2 percent

reported for the previous year. This

continues the downward trend in the

percent of deaths autopsied. The percent autopsied for all causes of death

combined was heavily influenced by

the low rates for the three leading

causes of death —Diseases of heart

(7 percent); Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues (3 percent); and

Cerebrovascular diseases (3 percent).

bong the 15 Ieading causes of death,

the highest percents reported were for

traumatic causes – Homicide and legal

intervention (97 percent), Suicide

(56 percent), and Accidents and

adverse effects (50 percent). The

highest percents for nontraumatic

causes were for Certain conditions

originating in the perinatal period

(23 percent), Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis (16 percent), and HIV infection (10 percent),

References

1

2,

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Annual summary of births, marriages,

divorces, and deaths: United States,

1992.Monthly vital statisticsreport; VOI

41 no 13. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public

Health Service. (In preparation.)

Centers for Disease Control. Morbidity

and mortality weekly report; vol 41 no

4. Washington: Public Health Service.

1992.

National Center for Health Statistics,

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1990, Monthly vital statistics

report; vol 41 no 7, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1993.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1989. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI40 no 8, suppl (2). Hyattsville, Maryland: PubIic Health Service.

1992.

Tolson GC, Barnes JM, Gay GA, Kowaleski JL. The 1989 revision of the U.S.

standard certificates and reports.

National Center for Health Statistics.

V]tal Health Stat 4(28). 1991.

MacDorman MF, Rosenberg HM.

Trends in infant mortality by cause of

death and other characteristics,

1960-1988. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital and Health Stat 20

(20). 1993.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics of the United States,

1989, vol II, mortality, part A. Washington: Public Health Service. (In

preparation.)

World Health Organization. Manual of

the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes

of Death, based on the recclmmendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975, Geneva: World Health

Organization. 1977.

KIebba AJ, Scott JH. Estimates of

selected comparability ratios based on

dual coding of 1976 death certificates

by the Eighth and Ninth Revisions of

the International Classification of Diseases. Monthly vital statistics report;

vol 28 no 11, suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland: Pub!ic Health Service. 1980.

Klebba AJ, Dolman AB. Comparability of mortality statistics for the Seventh and Eighth Revisions of the

International Classification of Diseases, United States. National Center

for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat

2(66). 1975.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~13

11. National Center for Health Statistics.

Comparability of mortality statistics for

the Sixth and Seventh Revisions,

United States, 1958. Vital Statistics – Special Report$ vol 51 no 4.

Washington: Public Health Service.

1965.

12. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, instructions for classiQing the underlying cause of death.

NCHS instruction manual; part 2a.

Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health

Service. Published annually.

13. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, instructions for classifying multiple causes of death. NCHS

instruction manual; part 2b. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service.

Published annually.

14. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, Nonindexed terms,

standard abbreviations, and State geographic codes used in mortality data

classification. NCHS instruction

manual; part 2e. Hyattsville, Maryland:

Public Health Service. Published

annually.

15. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, ICD-9 ACME decision

tables for classifying underlying causes

of death. NCHS instruction manual;

part 2c. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public

Health Service. Published annually.

16. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, data entry instructions

for the mortality medical indexing,

classification, and retrieval system

(MICAR). NCHS instruction manual;

part 2g. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public

Health Service. Published annually.

17. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics, dictionary of valid

terms for the mortality medical

indexing, classification, and retrieval

system (MICAR). NCHS instruction

manual; part 2h. Hyattsville, Maryland:

Public Health Service. Published

annually.

18. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortali~

statistics? 1984. Monthly vital statistics

repor~ VOI35 no 6, suppl (2). Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service.

1986.

19. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1985. Monthly vital statistics

report; VOI36 no 5, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1987.

20. National Center for Health Statistics.

Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1986. Monthly vital statistics

repor~ vol 37 no 6, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: Public Health Service. 1988.

21. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Population estimates, by age, sex, race, and

Hispanic origin: 1980 to 1991. Current

Population Reports, P25–1095. Washington: U.S. Government Printing

Office. 1993.

22. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished estimates for 1991, by State;

consistent with U.S. Department of

Commerce Press Release CB92-93.

23. National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital statistics of the United States,

1989, vol I, natality. Washington:

Public Health Service. 1992.

24. Feinleib M, Zarate AO, eds. Reconsidering age adjustment procedures:

Workshop proceedings. National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital

Health Stat 4 (29). 1992.

25. Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vital statistics

rates in the United States, 1940-1960.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Washington: Public Health Service.

1968.

26. Sirken MG. Comparison of two

methods of constructing abridged life

tables by reference to a “standard”

table. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(4). 1966.

27. Arriaga EE. Changing trends in mortality decline during the last decades.

In: Ruzicka L, Wunsch G, Kane P, eds.

Differential mortality Methodological

issues and biosocial factors. Oxford:

Clarendon Press. 1989.

28. Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg

HM. Causes of death contributing to

the change in life expectancy among

the white and black populations of the

United States, 1984-89. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the

American Public Health Association,

Nov 9, Washington, DC. 1992.

29. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished data from the 1990 census for

persons of Spanish origin by State.
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

List of detailed tables

1.

2.

30

4.

5,

6.

7.

8,

9.

10.

11,

12.

Deaths, death rates, and ageadjusted death rates, by race

and sex: United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates, by

age, race, and sex United

States, 1991, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abridged life table for the

total population, 1991 . . . . . .

Life expectancy at birth by

race and sex United States,

1940, 1950, 1960, and

1970-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates for the 15

leading causes in 1991 and

selected components: United

States, 1979, 1990, and

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

the 10 leading causes of

death in specified age

groups, by race and sex

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Deaths from 72 selected

causes by age: United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by age: United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths from 72 selected

causes by race and sex

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by race and sex:

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted death rates for

72 selected causes by race

and sex United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates from

16 selected subcategories of

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

13.

15

16

17 14.

17

15.

18

16.

21

32

36

18.

38

do 19.

20.

tissues, by race and sex

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates by

10-year age groups and ageadjusted death rates for

Human immunodeficiency

virus infection, by race

and sex: United States,

1990-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

major causes of death for the

United States, each division,

and State; and by race and

sex for the United States,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths by age for specified

Hispanic origin, race for

non-Hispanic origin, and sex

Total of 47 reporting States,

New York State (excluding

New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1991, . . . .

Deaths for the 10 leading

causes of death for Hispanic

and white non-Hispanic

origin, for specified age

groups: Total of 47 reporting

States, New York State

(excluding New York City),

and the District of Columbia,

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted

death rates for drug-induced

causes, by race and sex

United States,1979-91., . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted

death rates for alcoholinduced causes, by race

and sex United States,

1979-91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15

years and over, according to

marital status, race, and sex

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15

42

43 21.

22.

44

23.

45 24.

25.

46

48

26.

48

27.

49

years and over, according to

educational attainment, race

and sex: Total of 28 States

and the District of Columbia,

1990, and total of 30 States,

New York State (excluding

New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1991, , . . .

Infant, neonatal, and ]postneonatal mortality rates, by

race and sex: United States,

1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975-91 .,$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and

infant mortality rates fcm 61

selected causes by race:

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and

infant mortality rates for the

10 leading causes of infant

death: United States, 1991..

Total deaths and death rates,

and infant and neonatal

deaths and mortality rates

for the United States, (each

division, and State; and by

race and sex for the United

States, 1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by specified

Hispanic origin and race for

non-Hispanic origin: Total of

47 reporting States, New

York State (excluding New

York City), and the District

of Columbia, 1991 . . . . . . . . .

-Maternal deaths and

maternal mortality rates for

selected causes by race:

United States, 1991 . . . . . . . .

Number of autopsies and

percent of deaths for which

autopsies were reported for

15 leading causes of death:

United States, 1991, . . . . . . .

49

50

51

52

53

54

54

55
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~f5

Table 1. Deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by race and sex United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-91

[Age-specific rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes.

Rates are based on populations enumerated aa of April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents

of the United States]

A// other

All races White Total Black

Both

Year

Both

Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1991.

1990.

1989.

1988.

1987.

1986.

1985.

1984.

1983.

1982.

1961.

1980.

1979.

1978.

1977.

1976.

1975.

1970.

1960,

1950.

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

., .,.,.

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

.,, ,.. .

. . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . .

19891 . . . . . . .

19881 . . . . . . .

19871 . . . . . . .

19861 . . . . . . .

19851 . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . .

19831 . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . .

;:::l . . . . . . .

1979::::::::

1978 . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . .

1975. ..,....

1970 . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . .

1950. ..,...,

1940 . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . .

‘f~--

l!

1!

1!

1986; . . . . . . .

1985

]!

1!

YOU . . . . . . . .

9891 . . . . . . .

9681 . . . . . . .

987; . . . . . . .

984;:::::::

9631 . . . . . . .

9821 . . . . . . .

1981 ‘

1980

1{

10,

io .

. . . . . . .

979::::::::

1978 . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . .

1976. ..,.,..

1975 . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . .

196 . . . . . . .

195

1940,:::::::

2,169,518

2,148,463

2,150,466

2,167,999

2,123,323

2,105,361

2,086,440

2,039,369

2,019,201

1,974,797

1,977,981

1,989,841

1,913,641

1,927,788

1,899,597

1,909,440

1,692,879

1,921,031

1,711,982

1,452,454

1,417,269

860.3

863.8

871.3

886.7

876.4

876.7

876.9

864.8

863.7

852.4

862.0

878.3

852.2

668.0

884.4

877.6

878.5

945.3

954.7

963.8

1,076.4

513.7

520.2

528.0

539.9

539.2

544.8

548.9

548.1

552.5

554.7

568.6

585.8

577.0

595.0

602.1

618.5

630.4

714.3

760.9

841.5

1,076.1

1,121,665

1,113,417

1,114,190

1,125,540

1,107,958

1,104,005

1,097,758

1,076,514

1,071,923

1,056,440

1,063,772

1,075,078

1,044,959

1,055,290

1,046,243

1,051,983

1,050,819

1,078,478

975,648

827,749

791,003

912.1

918.4

926.3

945.1

939.3

944.7

946.6

938.8

943.2

938.4

954.0

976.9

957.5

977.5

978.9

993.8

1,002.0

1,090.3

1,104.5

1,106.1

1,197.4

669.9

680.2

689.3

706.1

706.8

716.2

723.0

721.6

729.4

734.2

753.8

777.2

768.6

791.4

801.3

820.9

837.2

931.6

949.3

1,001.6

1,213.0

1,047,853

1,035,046

1,036,276

1,042,459

1,015,365

1,001,356

986,682

962,855

947,278

918,357

914,209

914,763

668,862

872,498

853,354

857,457

642,060

842,553

736,334

624,705

626,266

811.0

812.0

816.9

831.2

616.7

812.3

609.1

794.7

788.4

771.2

775.0

765.3

752.7

764.5

756.0

767.6

761.4

807.8

809.2

623.5

954.6

386.5

390.6

397.3

406.1

404.6

407.6

410.3

410,5

412,5

411.9

420.8

432.6

423.1

437.4

441.8

455.0

462.5

532.5

590.6

668.4

938.9

1,868,904

1,853,254

1,853,847

1,876,906

1,843,067

1,831,063

1,819,054

1,781,897

1,765,582

1,729,085

1,731,233

1,738,607

1,676,145

1,889,722

1,664,100

1,674,989

1,660,366

1,682,096

1,505,335

1,276,085

1,231,223

886.2

868,0

893.2

910.5

900.1

900.1

900.4

887.8

885.4

873.1

880.4

892.5

865.2

880.2

874.6

867.7

886.9

946.3

947.8

945.7

1,041.5

486.8

492.8

499.6

512.8

513.7

520.1

524.9

525.2

529.4

532.3

544.8

559.4

551.9

569.5

575.7

591.3

602.2

679.6

727.0

800.4

1,017.2

956,497

950,812

950,852

965,419

953,382

952,554

950,455

934,529

931,779

919,239

925,490

933,878

elo,137

920,123

912,670

918,589

917,604

942,437

860,857

731,366

690,901

926.2

930.9

936.5

957.9

952.7

958.6

963.8

954.1

957.7

951.8

965.2

983.3

963.3

982.7

963.0

997.3

1,004.1

1,086.7

1,098.5

1,089.5

1.162.2

912,407

902,442

902,989

911,487

889,685

878,529

868,599

847,368

833.803

809:846

805,743

804,729

766,008

769,599

751,430

756,400

742,562

739,659

644,478

544,719

540,322

Death rate

847.7

846.9

851.8

865.3

849.8

844.3

840.1

824.6

816.4

798,2

799.8

806.1

771.8

782.7

771.3

783.1

775.1

812.6

800.9

803.3

919.4

300,614

295,209

296,625

291,093

280,256

274,278

267,386

257,472

253,619

245,712

246,748

251,234

237,696

238,066

235,497

234,451

232,513

238,935

206,647

176,369

186,046

728.3

737.9

755.2

758.8

747.0

747.3

745.0

733.2

737.9

730.7

751.6

791.7

771.0

790.0

798.6

812.1

823.7

938.4

1,008.5

1,119.4

1,382.8

Age-adjusted death rate 2

634.4

644.3

652.2

671.3

674.2

684.9

693.3

693.6

701.6

706.8

724.8

745.3

738.4

761.1

770.6

789.3

804.3

893.4

917.7

963.1

1,155.1

366.3

369.9

376.0

385.3

364.8

388.1

391.0

391.7

393.3

393.6

401.5

411.1

402.5

416.4

419.6

432.5

439.0

501.7

555.0

645.0

679.0

672.8

686.7

703.9

710.1

702.7

706.3

709.1

703.3

710.8

708.9

734.0

774.2

757.1

780.0

796.7

818.5

840.6

963.4

1,046.1

1,225.7

1,634.7

165,168

162,605

163,336

160,121

154,576

151,451

147,303

141,985

140,144

137,201

138,282

141,200

134,822

135,187

133,573

133,394

133,015

136,041

114,791

96,383

100,102

837.9

851.5

871.5

875.0

884.1

865.8

861.7

649.3

856.9

857.8

885.7

936.5

920.3

943.2

951.7

969.8

987.6

1,115.9

1,152.0

1,251.1

1,513.7

890.2

910.2

932.5

938.2

927.8

931.6

931.8

921.4

928.6

930.7

964.1

1,015.1

994.8

1,021.0

1,038.1

1,063.4

1,080.1

1,231.4

1,211.0

1,358.5

1,764.4

135,446

132,604

133,287

130,972

125,680

122,827

120,083

115,487

113,475

108,511

108,486

110,034

102,674

102,899

101,924

101,057

99,498

102,694

91,856

79,986

85,944

628.1

634.2

649.0

652.5

640.2

639.3

638.8

627.6

629.8

615.4

830.0

660.6

635.7

651.0

659.6

668.6

673.1

775.3

872.6

993.5

1,256.2

502.1

512.5

525.4

532.7

527.4

530.7

535.7

533.5

540.1

533.8

551.5

582.6

566.9

585.8

601.8

618.3

634.5

770.8

693.3

1,095.7

1,504.7

269,525

265,498

267,642

284,019

254,814

250,326

244,207

235,884

233,124

226,513

228,560

233,135

220,618

221,340

220,076

219,442

217,932

225,647

196,010

169,606

178,743

864.9

871.0

867.9

886.3

868.9

864.9

854.8

836.1

836.6

823.4

842.4

875.4

839.3

855.1

864.0

875.0

882.5

999.3

1,038.6

. . .

. . .

780.7

789.2

805.9

808.7

796.4

796.8

793.6

783.3

787.4

782.1

807.0

842.5

812.1

831.8

849.3

870.5

890.8

1,044.0

1,073.3

. . .

-..

147,331

145,359

146,393

144,228

139,551

137,214

133,610

129,147

127,911

125,610

127,296

130,136

124,433

124,663

123,894

123,977

123,770

127,540

107,701

92.004

95;517

998.7

1,008.0

1,026.7

1,026.1

1,006.2

1,002.6

989.3

968.5

971.2

966.2

992.6

1,034.1

939.6

1,016.8

1,026.0

1,041.6

1,055.4

1,186.6

1,181.7

. . .

.-.

1,048.8

1,061.3

1,082.8

1,083.0

1,063.6

1,061.9

1,053.4

1,035.9

1,037.5

1,035.4

1,068.8

1,112.8

1,073.3

1,093.9

1,112.1

1,138.3

1,163.0

1,318.6

1,246.1

. . .

122,194

120,139

121,249

119,791

115,263

113,112

110,597

106,737

105,213

100,903

101,264

102,997

96,385

96,677

96,182

95,465

94,162

98,107

88,309

77,602

83,226

744.5

747.9

783.2

764.6

745.7

741.5

734.2

717.4

715.9

695.5

707.7

733.3

695.3

709.5

718.0

724.5

726.1

829.2

905.0

. . .

. . .

575.1

581.6

594.3

601.0

592.4

594.1

594.8

590.1

595.3

585,9

602.7

631.1

605.0

622.7

639.6

654.5

670.6

814.4

916.9

. . .

-..

1Rates are revised and, therefore, may differ from those published in Advance Reporr of 1%1.sI&forta/ity .i?tatisfks for 1989 and eerfier yearq see Technical notes.

2For method Of computation, aee Technical Imtea.
16~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 2. Deaths and death rates, by age, race, and sex: United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population In specified group]

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Both

Age

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Alleges ...,.....

Under l year . . . . . .

14years, . . . . . . .

5-9 years, . . . . . . .

10-14 years . . . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . . . .

25-29 years. . . . . .

30-34 years. . . . . . .

35-39 years. . . . . . .

4044 years . . . . . . .

45-49 years. , . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . .

60–64 years. . . . . . .

65-69 years. . . . . . .

70-74 years. . . . . . .

75-79 years. . . . .

80-84 years... . . .

85 years and over . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . .

Allagesl .,.......

Under 1 yearz . .

l-4 years . . . . . . . .

5-9years . . . . . . . .

10-14 years. . . . . .

15-19 years . . . . . . .

20-24 years. . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . .

30-34 years. . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . ,

40–44 years. . . . , .

45-49 years . . . . . .

50-54 years. . . . . .

55-59 years. . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . .

65-69 years. . . . . . .

70-74 years. . . . . . .

75-79 years. . . . . . .

80-64 years .,... .

85 years and over . .

2,169,518

36,766

7,214

3,926

4,553

15,313

21,139

25,485

34,143

40,561

47,561

53,627

67,049

96,553

151,525

214,468

264,168

301,622

305,666

477,401

576

860.3

916.6

47.4

21.5

25.8

89.0

110.1

123.0

154.1

197.7

253.6

380,5

575.8

926.3

1,431.9

2,136,8

3,205.1

4,806.8

7,575.4

15,107.6

1,121,665

21,008

4,045

2,292

2,980

11,358

16,191

18,994

24,715

26,534

32,018

34,363

41,685

59,342

92,094

126,381

149,475

158,268

140,682

156,823

437

912.1

1,023.8

52.0

24.5

32.9

128.6

165,6

182.8

224.0

280.5

345.8

497.5

736.7

1,189.9

1,862.4

2,814.1

4,233.2

6,376.6

10,005.8

17,800.6

1,047,853

15,758

3,169

1,634

1,573

3,955

4,948

6,491

9,428

12,027

15,543

19,264

25,384

37,211

59,431

88,087

114,693

143,554

164,986

320,57a

139

811.0

804.4

42.7

18.4

18.2

47.2

52.5

62.9

84.7

118.3

163.7

268.0

423.8

684.5

1,054.3

1,568.3

2,434.1

3,780,7

6,275.6

14,066.6

1,868,904

23,657

5,028

2,903

3,418

11,067

14,921

17,918

24,427

28,926

35,029

41,199

52,454

78,133

127,160

183,809

232,010

269,816

276,797

439,797

433

886,2

762.6

41.7

19.8

24.2

80.5

95.5

105.2

132,6

168.5

219.9

340.6

523.9

864.6

1,365.5

2,059.3

3,130.2

4,751.1

7,527.8

15,239.0

956,497

13,696

2,818

1,697

2,219

7,941

11,392

13,470

16,039

20,704

23,848

26,506

32,815

48,337

78,173

109,220

132,362

142,329

127,340

143,266

325

926.2

860.8

45.5

22.6

30.6

112.2

142.3

156.3

194.6

240.5

300.1

442.9

668.6

1,106.9

1,778.3

2,717.6

4,145.4

8,320.1

9,971.8

18,020.9

Number

912,407 300,614

9,961

2,210

1,206

1,199

3,126

3,529

4,446

6,388

8,224

11,181

14,693

19,639

29,796

48,987

74,589

99,648

127,487

149,457

296,531

108

Rate

847.7

659.2

37.6

16.9

17.5

46.9

46.3

52.9

69.8

96.1

140.1

240.4

384.7

638.2

996.5

1,520.4

2,361.9

3,720.1

8,227.4

14,188.1

13,109

2,186

1,023

1,135

4,246

6,218

7,567

9,716

11,633

12,532

12,426

14,595

16,420

24,365

30,659

32,158

32,006

28,871

37,&&

728.3

1,442.1

69.5

26.4

32.0

122.9

174.5

205.6

260.1

347.5

443.3

622.0

894.3

1,329.0

1,916.5

2,757.1

3,889.6

5,334.3

8,087.1

13,724.1

185,168

7,312

1,227

595

761

3,417

4,799

5,524

6,676

7,830

8,170

7,857

8,850

11,005

13,921

17,161

17,113

15,939

13,342

13,557

112

837.9

1,586,1

76.9

32,6

42.3

194.6

271.1

311.6

378.9

500.0

623.2

85T.2

1,183.2

1,777.9

2,535.7

3,635.8

5,063.0

6,930.0

10,342.6

15,764.0

135,446

5,797

959

428

374

829

1,419

2,043

3,040

3,803

4,362

4,571

5,745

7,415

10,444

13,498

15,045

16,067

15,529

24,047

31

628.1

1,294.0

61.9

24.1

21.3

48,8

79.1

107.0

154,1

213.5

287.7

425.2

649.9

966.8

1,448.5

2,109.1

3)057.9

4,342.4

6,7al .2

i 2,723.3

269,525

11,994

1,930

879

990

3,737

5,566

6,811

8,682

10,651

11,408

11,229

13,135

16,536

21,912

27,57a

2S,860

28,475

25,707

33,110

135

864.9

1,771.6

79.7

32.0

36.4

141.2

208.4

247.4

321.5

432.4

555.1

773.9

1,084.6

1,574,9

2,238.2

3,159.0

4,352.9

5,623.1

8,655.6

14,271.6

147,331

6,714

1,083

505

667

3,053

4,312

4,962

6,110

7,206

7,495

7,149

7,996

9,915

12,535

15,362

15,246

13,964

11,453

11,498

106

998.7

1,957.4

68.4

36.3

48.5

228.0

329.4

378.5

473.3

629.9

769.8

1,081.5

1,469.9

2,136.9

2,970.4

4,185.6

5,775.0

7,714.9

11,339.6

16,663.8

122,194

5,280

847

374

323

684

1,254

1,849

2,772

3,445

3,913

4,080

5,139

6,621

9,377

12,216

13,614

14,511

14,254

21,612

29

744.5

1,580.6

70.8

27.6

24.0

52.3

92.1

128.2

188.3

261.4

353.8

516.5

771.6

1,129.9

1,683.5

2,414.2

3,412.0

4,711.4

7,272.4

13,258.9

lFigures for age not stated are included in All ages but not distributed among age groups.

2Death ratas under 1 year (based on population estimates) differ from infant mortality rates (baaed on live births);see tebleaE and 21-25 forInfantmortalityrates,andTechnicalnotesforfurther

discussion of the difference.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~17

Table 3. Abridged life table for the total population, 1991

[For explanation of the columns of the life table, see section 6 of Vital Statistics of the United States, 1968, Volume II]

Age interval

Proportion

dying Of 100,000 born alive

Average

remaining

lifetime

Period of /ife between two

exact ages stated in years

(1)

Proportion of

persons alive Avarage number

at beginning of

age Interval Number living Number dying

of yeara of life

In this and all

dyin.~efi;ng

remaining at

at beginning of duri;gw;~ lyn~:m:. subsequent age begirmi:g$f age

age interval Intervals

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) v)

xtox+n n% lx “xd J-x TX !3,

o-l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

893

185

107

125

436

640

599

746

958

1,207

1,775

2,621

4,076

5,950

8,125

10,697

13,167

15,297

32,498

75.5

75.2

71.3

66.4

61.5

56.8

52.1

47.4

42.7

38.1

33.6

29.2

24.9

21.0

17.4

14.0

11.1

8.4

6.2

Table 4. Life expectancy atbirth by race andsexllnited States, 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970-91

Ail other

All races White Total Black

Both Both

Year

Both

Ma/e

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19671 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19851 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...<.. . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . .

19722...........::::::: :::::::

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75.5

75.4

75.1

74.9

74.9

74.7

74.7

74.7

74.6

74.5

74.1

73.7

73.9

73.5

73.3

72.9

72.6

72.0

71.4

71.2

71.1

70.8

69.7

68.2

62.9

72.0

71.6

71.7

71.4

71.4

71.2

71.1

71.1

71.0

70.8

70.4

70.0

70.0

69.6

69.5

69.1

68.8

68.2

67.6

67.4

67.4

67.1

66.6

65.6

60.8

78.9

78.8

76.5

78.3

78.3

78.2

76.2

78.2

78.1

78.1

%:

77.8

77.3

77.2

76.8

76,6

75,9

75.3

75.1

75.0

74.7

73.1

71.1

65.2

73.8

73.6

73.3

73.2

73.4

73.4

73.4

73.6

73.5

73.6

73.2

72.5

72.9

72.4

72.0

71.6

71.3

70.3

69.3

69.1

66.9

68.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

1Life table values are revised and, therefore, may differ from those published in Advance Report of Find h40rta/itySkrti.stica for 1989 and earlier years aee Tachnical rotes.

‘Deaths based on a 50-percent sample.
-.. — . .- . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. A

rable 5. Age-specinc and age-aa]ustea aeattr rates for the 15 leading causes in 1991 and selected components: United States, 1979, 1990, and 1991

[Age-specik rates on an ennuai basis par 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For explanation of asterisk preceding

ceuse-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Age

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International All Under 1-4

AgeClaeaificafion of Oiseases, 1975)

5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-64 85 years adjusted

Year ages i 1 year2 years years yeara yeara years years years years years and over rate 3

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

oiaeaSeS Of heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . .390-S98,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: ..390-398

Hypertensive heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart and renai disease . . . . . . . . ...404

lschemic heart cthesee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4lO-4l4

Acute myocardiai infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemic heart diseeee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Arrgina pactoris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forma of

chronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . ...412.414

Ofher diseeees of endocardium. . . . . . . . . . . . ...424

All other forma of heart diseaae. . . ...415423.425429

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1981

1990

1979

1991

1Wo

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

Ma~gnant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

andpheryrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ma~gnant neoplasms of digestive organs

and peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ma~gnent neoplaeme of respiretory and

intrathoracic organs . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnolesat endoftabk

1979

Malignant naoplesms, including rreoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . ...140-208 1991

1990

1979

. . . . .146-149 1991

1990

1979

. . . . .150-159 1991

1990

1979

. . . . .160-165 1991

1990

1979

860.3

863.8

852.2

285.9

289.5

326.5

2.4

2

8.5

8.5

9.3

1.0

1.0

1.6

192.5

198.7

245.5

93.3

96.1

133.8

1.3

N

0.4

0.4

0.2

97.5

96.8

109.4

5.4

5.2

2.9

76.1

75.8

6s.7

204.1

203.2

179.6

3.3

3.4

3.6

48.3

4S.6

46.6

59.1

58.9

45.9

916.6

971.9

1,332.9

17.6

20.1

20.2

*

●

●

*

●

*

●

●

0.;

0.7

0.7

●

●

*

*

*

●

*

●

*

*

*

●

0.5

*

*

16.3

16.8

19.0

1.9

2.3

3.4

*

*

●

*

*

*

●

*

*

47.4

46.8

64.2

2.2

;::

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

*

*

*

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

●

*

*

2.;

k:

3.5

3.5

4.6

*

*

*

0.2

0.2

*

●

*

*

23.6

24.0

31.5

0.8

0.9

0.8

*

●

*

*

●

●

*

*

●

*

●

●

●

*

*

●

●

●

*

●

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

0.7

0.8

0.7

3.1

3.1

4.4

*

*

*

*

*

0.1

*

*

●

100.1

99.2

114.8

2.7

2.5

2.6

0.1

:;

*

*

*

*

*

*

r3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

●

*

*

*

*

*

0.1

0.1

:{

0.1

0.1

2.1

1.9

1.9

5.0

4.9

6.1

●

0.1

0.1

0.3

&

0.1

0.1

0.1

139.1

139.2

133.0

8.0

7.6

E

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.0

0.0

2.:

2.5

3.6

1.4

1.4

2.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

●

*

●

1.1

1.0

;:

0.3

0.2

4.5

4.3

3.7

12.4

12.6

13.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.6

1.5

1.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

224.4

223.2

229.8

31.6

31.4

45.3

0.6

0.7

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.9

0.1

0.1

0.2

17.1

17.3

30.1

9.8

10.0

21.1

0.3

0.3

0.5

●

*

●

7.0

7.0

6.4

0.6

0.6

0.6

11.5

11.1

11.0

43.1

43.3

48.3

0.8

0.6

1.1

7.4

t;

7.0

7.2

9.8

466.8

473.4

589.7

118.0

120.5

184.6

1.5

J..

5.6

5.6

7.0

0.4

P4

75.5

77.7

136.1

45.0

46.5

94.6

1.1

1.3

N

0.1

0.1

29.2

29.7

39.3

1.4

;::

33.8

33.9

35.7

155.1

158.9

181.4

3.8

3.7

5.6

30.0

31.6

36.3

46.9

48.8

56.0

1,181.0

1,196.9

1,338.0

357.0

367.3

499.0

3.8

:::

13.3

13.3

16.2

0.9

1.0

1.4

240.5

248,6

381.0

138.2

144.3

258.9

2.5

2.7

4.8

0.3

0.3

0.3

99.4

101.3

117.0

4.1

4.5

9::

95.6

66.1

448.4

449.6

429.4

lK

11.8

96.2

95.1

103.9

163.2

166.5

140.9

2,618.5

2,646.6

2,929.0

872.0

894.3

1,199.8

6.6

9.0

16.0

24.9

26.3

35.7

2.7

2.6

5.1

605.6

627.0

926.6

326.3

342.1

577.2

4.4

4.5

8.2

1.2

1.3

0.9

273.9

279.0

340.3

12.7

13.3

11.6

217.4

215.9

204.8

871.6

872,3

800.0

13.4

14.1

16.3

199.3

203.1

221.9

300.0

298.1

231.0

5,890.0

6,007.2

6,496.6

2,219.1

2,295.7

2,925.2

18.6

18.7

20.6

60.5

60.9

79.6

8.1

8.1

16.8

1,536.7

1,602.5

2,224.6

752.9

793.6

1,135.2

8.0

8.6

15.3

3.5

3.6

2.1

772.2

796.7

1,072.2

47.6

46.0

27.5

547.6

559.5

555.9

1,351.6

1,348.5

1,207.6

16.7

17.0

18.1

351.9

358.6

366.7

352.9

344.1

2~&~

15,107.6

15,327.4

14,962.4

6,613.4

6,739.9

7,310.9

29.3

29.3

25.2

173.9

173.4

170.3

24.2

22.6

50.9

4,374.1

4,498.1

5,376.1

1,669.4

1,695.5

1,916.3

21.8

21.2

30.2

11.4

11.9

4.6

2,671.5

2,769.4

3,424.9

152.6

140.2

47.1

1,859.0

1,876.4

1,641.4

1,773.9

1,752.9

1,522.9

21.2

23.1

23.7

549.3

553.8

547.8

285.3

252.9

I 7Q.3

513.7

520.2

577.0

148.2

152.0

199.5

1.4

1.5

2.6

4.7

4.8

6.0

0.5

0.5

0.9

99.1

102.6

149.7

51.5

53.7

88.2

0.8

0.9

1.5

0.2

0.2

0.1

46.6

47.8

59.9

2.5

2.5

1.6

39.9

40.1

38.4

134.5

135.0

130.8

2.4

2.4

3.0

29.9

30.2

33.1

41.1

41.4

35.2
Malignant neoplasm of breast.

......... ...174-175 17.4

17.6

15.4

23.4

23.1

20.2

6.4

6.3

7.8

*

*

*

●☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛☛

☛

● ’*

*

*

●

*

** 0.1

* 0.1 0.1 *

0.2 0.2

1991

*●☛

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.5 &6 22.7 41.9 61.5 91.0

1.5 9.0 23.4 41.8 63.2 92.2

1.6 9.1 25.3 41.3 56.6 77.4

1.4 3.9 10.9 33.9 93.0 196.1

1.4 4.0 11.3 34.3 94.0 193.8

1.6 4.7 14.5 35.6 88.3 176.0

0.2 1.1 5.0 16.0 34.2 63.0

0.3 1.0 5.0 15.7 33.3 64.3

0.2 1.1 5.7 15.1 34.6 65.6

143.9

142.6

114.2

302.7

292.2

252.0

100.8

101.3

97.0

12.4

12.7

12.2

13.6

13.6

13.6

5.1

5.1

5.2

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

Malignant neoplasms ofgenital organs.... ...178-187

Malignant neoplasms of urinary organs.... ...188-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sitea............. .170-173,190-199 1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

24.6 1.0 1.9 1.5

24.2 1.3 1.9 1.6

21.6 1.7 2.2 1.7

7.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

7.5 0.6 1.1 1.1

7.3 0.8 1.3 1.5

12.2** 0.2

11.7

●* 0.2

9.1* 0.3 0.4

56.9 4.0 0.4 0.2

57.9 3.8 0.3 0.2

75.5 4.6 0.3 0.3

1.9

1.8

2.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

0.9

0.6

3.6 6.4 22.3 53.5 95.1 142.6

3.6 8.4 21.6 52.7 93.1 143.7

3.7 8.6 24.0 49.8 86.4 130.2

1.4 2.2 4.7 11.7 26.7 51.1

1.5 2.3 4.8 11.6 26.3 51.2

1.5 2.5 5.0 11.7 25.7 50.2

203.0

203.7

175.8

61.6

79.2

77.3

17.0

16.9

16.4

5.0

5.0

5.3

Leukemia....................... ...204-208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopaietic tissues............. .200–203 1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1.9 3.6 8.6 22.2 48.5 86.2

2.0 3.3 6.4 21.7 47.1 83.7

1.8 3.0 8.6 19.5 39.5 63.1

1.9 6.4 18.3 46.4 139.6 479.4

2,2 6.5 18.7 48.0 144.4 499.3

2.6 9.1 26.4 66.1 226.9 793.8

106.2

104.1

66.0

1,587.7

1,833.9

2,264.9

7.9

7.7

6.7

26.8

27.7

41.6

0.9

Cerebrovascular diseases.............. ...430-438 0.6

0.6

0.9

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions....................... ...49&496 1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1980

1979

35.9 1.5 0.3

34.9 1.4 0.4

22.2 1.9

35.4 24.0 1%

37.0 23.6 17.3

46.9 31.5 26.5

17.3 5.9

18.8H 6.3

23.8 6.5 9.8

0.3

0.3

0.2

10.2

10.4

16.1

5.6

5.9

8.3

0.6

0.5

0.3

42.0

43.9

62.6

32.0

34.1

45.6

9.9

9.8

17.0

0.7

0.6

0.8

0,3

0.3

lN

13.2

12,4

1.7

1.5

...

22.4

19.9

14.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

0,2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.8 1.7 9.1 49.7 156.3 327.0

0.7 1.6 9.1 48.9 152.5 321.1

0.5 1.7 9.3 40.2 117.0 200.6

34.5 29.9 27.7 31.2 44.5 98.3

37.0 31.3 29.4 34.3 46.6 100.3

45.7 38.4 39.4 43.5 56.8 117.8

21.2 15.3 14.1 14.2 17.5 28.4

23.6 16.9 15.6 15.9 18.6 29.1

28.8 21.0 18.6 18.2 20.7 28.7

446.9

433.3

230.2

256.4

257.1

276.0

29.1

31.2

24.4

20.1

19.7

14.6

31.0

32.5

42.9

17.0

18.5

23.2

Accidents and adverse effects........... .E600-Eg4g

Motor vehicle accidents............. .. E810-E825

All other accidents and

adverse effects........... .E800-E807,E826-E949 1981

1880

1979

1991

1980

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1991

1990

1979

1981

1990

1979

1991

1990

18.2 19.6 11.6 4.6

18.2 18.8 11.1 4.5

23.1 25.0 16.7 7.7

30.9 15.1 1.4

32.0 16.1H

20.1 33.0

E 0.6

19.4

●● 0.1

19.2*

● 0.1

14.8 0.1 0.1

12.2 ..: .,. 0.7

12.4...... 0.8

12.1...... 0.4

11.7 2.3 0.3

10.1 2.7

E 0.2

.. ---- -..

...

10.5 9.5 2,8 1.4

10.0 8.4 2.6 1.5

10.0 5.0 2.5 1.1

10.1***

10.4***

13.2

**

8.5 u’ 0.1

8.3 3.8 0.2 0.1

7.0 6.4 0.2 0.2

7.6 6.6 0.6 0.1

7.7 6.8 0.7 0.1

3.8 7.6 0.5 0.1

13.2 14.7

13.4 14.4

16.9 17.4

1.8 3.7

1.8 3.8

1.5 3.2

1.5 4.0

1.6 4.0

1.4 3.6

15.2 14.7

15.2 15.3

16.3 15.4

22.1 31.2

19.7 27.4 . . . . . .

18.2 11.6

17.7 11.8

18.2 14.3

2.0 9.1

2.1 9.7

3.4 13.9

0.5 1.3

0.5 1.4

0.7 1.5

0.7 1.5

0.7 1.5

0.4 0.8

13.6

13.8

20.6

6.8

7.0

7.1

11.8

11.3

17.0 27.0

18.3 28.0

25.2 38.1

17.8 55.9

18.6 59.1

16.4 47.8

33.4 75.7

33.0 73.6

25.8 61.3

15.4 16.9

16.0 17.9

16.6 17.8

7.4 2.4

6.2 2.0

.-. ---

5.5 4.0

5.0 3.8

7.0 5.4

28.8 34.0

29.9 34.9

40.9 41.8

8.1 24.1

8.2 23.9

8.5 23.7

7.9 20.7

8.0 20.9

4.9 12.4

69.9

71.2

89.2

238.5

253.5

184.2

142.3

145.2

130.3

23.5

24.9

20.8

0.9

0.7

---

4.2

4.3

4.8

33.4

34.1

28.3

69.7

69.7

64.7

61.2

60.2

29.7

229.3

225.9

251.6

1,080.5

1,140.0

694.9

253.8

255.0

211.6

24.0

22.2

17.9*●

-..

4.1

4.6

5.0

23.1

23.4

18.1

201.8

199.1

155.2

163.3

163.7

70.3

13.9

14.0

19.6

13.4

14.0

11.2

11.8

11.7

9.8

11.4

11.5

11.7

11.3

9.8

---

10.9

10.2

10.2

8.3

8.6

12.0

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.1

2.3

Pneumonlaand influenza.............. ...480-487

Diabetes mellitus.............,........ ...250

9.0

Suicide......................... .. E950-E959 15.5

14.8

16.5

18.4

15.2

..-

8.2

7.6

10.8

17.3

18.0

31.0

2.6

2,9

3.7

3.0

3.1

2.2

Human immunodeficlency virus infection. .,.. .*042-*044

Homicide and legal intervention.......... .E960-E978

Chronic tiver disease and cirrhosis........... ...571

Nephritis, nephmtic syndrome, and nephrosis. ...580-589

Septicemia.......................... ...038

1979
Table 5. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes in 1991 and selected components: United States, 1979, 1990, and 1991- Con.

[Age-specific rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million populatio~ see Technical notes. For explanation of asterisk preceding

cause-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Age

Cause of &eath (Ninth Revision International

AgeAll Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 4554 55-64

Classification of Diseases, 1975)

65-74

Year

75-64 85 years

ages 1 1 year2

adjusted

years years years years years years years years years and over rate3

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440 1991 6.9 * ● ● ● ●0.1

1990 7.3

0.6 * * ●3.1 11.6 50.6 291.9 2.6

* *

0.1

1979 12.8

0.6 3.2

● * ● *

12.3 53.2

●

318.0 2.7

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

0.1 0.9 4.8 24.4 125.3 649.1 5.7

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..760–779 1991 6.7 413.6 0.9 0.1 ● *

* * ● * *

1990

*

7.1 443.0 0.9 0.1 * *

*

(’)

● * ● *

1979

*

10.4 680.7 0.6 * *

* ●

(’) * * ● ● .

(4)

1Ffguresforage notslatedare includedin “M eges”butnotdistributedamongage groups.

2Death rates under 1 year (based on popufaf ion estimates) diier from infant morfafii rates (based on We births); see tables E and 21-25 for infant mottafify ratas and Technical notes for discussion of the difference

3For methed of computation, see Techn”ti notes.

‘Becaueedeathsfmmthiscausecccurprimadfy among infants, age-adjusted rates are not shown. (n

G=.

Sn

-.

0

rn

“i

$

.

N

g

w

.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~21

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Causeofdeeth, me, sex, and age (NinthRevision

orderi InternationalCks@icstbn of Dseesea,1975) Number Rate

...

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

,.,

1

.,.

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

All racesz,both sexes

All ages3

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignantwoplssms, including neoplssmsof

~ph~’c and hemstopoletictleaues. ..140-208

Cerebrowcular disesaes. . . . . . . ...430-436

Chmnlc obstructivepuhmary dseaaea

endallLscicondtins . . . . . . . . . . ..48O-496

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E300-ES48

Motorvehcle emidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other acddenk and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E6C0-E807,ES26-E949

Pneumoniaend influerwa . . . . . . . ...460-467

Dbbetesmel liis... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2S3

SuMde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95GE959

Humanimmuncdefickrwy virus

infecfbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Hombide and I?galintervenfbn. . . . .E980-E978

.Nothercsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resldual

All racesz, both sexes

1-4 yeem

AJlcauaee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AccMs@aand adveraeeffects. . . . . .E600-E848

Motorvehicleaccidenta . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All @herecddents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E828-E949

Congenitalarwnslies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignantneoplasms,including necplesmeof

lymphaticand hemafopoletb tissues. . .140-2CJ3

Homicideand legal Interverrtbn. . . . .E960-E978

Dbeesesof heart. . . . . . .330-388,402,404-42S

Pneunnxh and influenza .. . . . . . . ...480-487

Human Immuncdeficiencyvirus

irrfection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Certaincondtione otiginsting in the perinatal

parbd . . . . . . . ..< . . . . . . . . . ..76G779

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..OW

Benign rwp%.sms, carcinomain sku,

and naaplssmsof uncertainbahavforand of

unspdfied nature . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-239

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reddual

Ail races2,both sexes

5-14 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . .. c....... . . . .

Acckfentaand advstse effects. . . . . .E6GE849

Motorvehkdeaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other acddents end adverse

effwts . . . . . . . . . .E600-E6J37,E626-E848

Msllgnantnsopbame, including neoplasmsof

lymphaticand hematopoiefictissues. ..140-208

Homicideand legal Intervention. . . . .E980-E978

Ccmgenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .38G396,402,404-429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E850-E959

Pneunmnlaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .48&187

Chronicobstructivepulmcmarydiseases

and allied conditions . . , . . . . . . . . .480+8

Human Immunodeflclencyvirus

infactbn . . . . . . . . . ..c. c . . . .*042-*044

Cerebrovaaculardiseases. , . # . . . ...430433

Allothercsuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Resldual

2,169,518

720,662

514,857

143,481

8Q,650

89.347

43,52$

45,611

77,880

48,951

30,810

28,555

26,513

398,632

7,214

2,865

802

1,783

871

528

428

332

207

155

140

91

1,2

8,478

3,650

2,011

1,849

1,108

519

487

261

288

135

122

104

66

1,713

6S0.3

285.9

204.1

68.9

35.9

35.4

17.3

18.2

30.9

19.4

12.2

11.7

10.5

157.4

47.4

17.5

5.9

11.6

5.7

3.5

28

2.2

1.4

1.0

E

0.5

11.3

23.6

10.2

5.6

4.6

3.1

1.4

1.4

OS

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

4.6

Rank Cause of death, ET% se.K and age (Ninth Revbion

orderi InternationalCkaaiiition of Obeases,1975) Number Rate

...

1

. . .

. . .

:

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

,..

AHracesz, twti sexes

15-24 ye?rs

AJlcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wdente and adverseeffects. . . . . .E60C-E948

Motorvehicleaczkfenfa . . . . . . . .E61&E825

All other accidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E8J37,E626-E949

Homicideand legal interventbn. . . . .E9W-E976

Su”@ide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Malignantneoplasms,including

necpbsme of Iymphatk and

hematopoletictissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Dbesses of heart . . . . . . .393-396,402,404-429

Human immucaddiclency virus

infsdic+l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*M2-w44

Congen”Mmslies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumoniaand influenza. . . . . . . ...460-467

Cerebrovasculardsessas. . . . . . . ...430438

Chnmic obstructivepulrrwnarydseases

adsllbcfcond~ns . . . . . . . . . . ..48WV36

Nothercsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Res!ciusl

N racesz,bath sexes

2544 years

AJcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accldentaand advareeeffects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-!3325

All other aa”dents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . ,E6W-E807,E226-E949

Malignantnecplsams,including

neoplasmsof fymphatb and

hemstopci~c tissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Human immunodefbienq virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Diseaseaof heart. . . . . . .32C-398,402,404-429

Hcmbide and legal intetventbn. . . . .E960-E978

Suicide .c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95&E859

Chronic liverdiseaseand cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Ceretfovasculsr dbeases. . . . . . . . . .43C-436

Dlabetesmeliiius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumcmisandlnfiuenza. . . . . . . ...480-487

Allothercaueea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reskfual

AUraces2,both sexes

45-S4 years

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Msliinant neoplasrrw including

neoplasm of lymphaticend

hematopde6ctissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Dseasesof h-. . . . . . .380-328,402,404-429

Cerebrovsscu!ardsesses. . . . . . . . . .430-43S

P@idenfsand adverseaffects. . . . . .E6CC-E949

Moforvahiile amidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidentsand adverse

effete . . . . . . . . . .E&M-E607,E626-E949

Chronicobshuctfvepulrrmaty dseases

@dlMmdMw . . . . . . . . . . ..4WW

ChronicWerdiseaseand cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Dmbeteemelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Suickk3. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E859

Human Immunodafblencyvirus

lnfeckxl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*o42-*o44

Pneumoniaend influenn. ., , . . . . . A80487

AIIotherca.uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raeidual

36,462

15,276

11,684

3,614

8,159

4,751

1,814

613

256

219

208

3,714

147,750

26,528

15,082

11,444

22,228

21,747

15,622

12,372

12,281

4,449

3,343

2,211

213

368,754

134,117

105,359

14,464

13,653

6,616

7,077

12,7@

10,497

10,045

7,224

6,286

5,476

48,824

100.1

42.0

32.0

9.9

22,4

13.1

5.0

2.7

1.7

1.2

0.7

0.6

0.6

10.2

179.9

32.3

18.4

13.9

27.1

26.5

19.3

15.1

14,9

5.4

4.1

2,7

z

768.9

268.9

225.4

30.9

26.3

14.2

15.1

27.3

22.5

21.5

15.5

13.4

11.7

104.4

See footnotes at end of table,
22 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Reporl ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex: United Statea, 1991 -Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population In specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notesl

Rank Ceuse of death, race, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Claestilcation of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

,..

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

. .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

,..

1

,..

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

All racesz, both sexes

65 years and over

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . , , .380-388,402,404429

Malignant neoplaems, including neopleems of

lymphatic and hemetopoiatic tissues . .,140-208

Cerabrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . . .430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condkions , . . . . . . . . . . .48rH96

Pneumcxia end Influenza . . . . . . .460-437

Dlsbstes melNus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..250

Accidenfs and adverse effects. . . . . ,E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E6CO-E607,E826-E849

Nephtftis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..w

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Aflotherceuses. . . . . . . . . , . . .Residual

Male, all agess

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases Of heart. . . . . . .3W-388,402,404-429

Malignant naoplesms, including neopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoletic tissues . ..140-208

Ao.idents and adverse effects. . . . . ,E800-E948

Motor vahcle accidents . . . . . . .E81O-E825

Al other accidents end adverse

effect s........ . .E300-E807,E626-Ee49

Cerebroveecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-433

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dseeeee

and allied condiions . . . . . . . . . . .480-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .46c-487

Human immunodeficiency virus

lnfactiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*Cr42-*W

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Dlabetee melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ..250

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . ,E96U-E978

Allothercsuses. . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Msle, 1-4 yeara

Allcausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E80G-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . , .E810-E825

All other acddente and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E207,E626-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . .74.C-759

Malignant neoplasms, Including neoplaems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E%O-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .48w7

Certain condtions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. .*W2–*O44

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ..038

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature . . . , . . . . . . . .210-239

Alothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reeidual

1,563,527

597,267

354,763

125,139

76,412

68,962

36,528

28,444

7,044

19,4C0

17,953

16,566

15,66+3

227,588

1,121,665

359,814

272,380

59,730

29,947

29,763

56,714

50,465

36,214

26,046

24,769

21,096

20,768

193,649

4,045

1,568

491

1,075

469

263

235

178

125

84

74

53

39

934

4,924.0

1,831.0

1,117,3

394.1

240.6

217.2

115.0

63.3

22.2

61.1

56.6

52.2

50.0

716.7

912.1

292.6

221.5

48.6

24.4

24.2

48.1

41.1

29.4

21.2

20.1

17.2

16.9

157.5

52.0

20.1

6.3

13.8

6.0

3.7

3.0

2.3

1.6

1.1

1.0

0.7

0.5

12.0

Rank Cause of deafh, race, se% and age (Ninth Ravlslon

orderl International ClaasKlcatlon of Dlseasee, 1975) Number Rate

,..

1

,.,

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

.,.

:

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

Male, 5-14 years

Allceuses .,.,..,.,,,...,,, .,, . . . .

Accldante and adverse effects. . . . . .E8CC-E949

Motor vehicle accidents , , , ., . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects .,...... . .E800-E807,E628-E646

Mallgnant nsoplesms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues, , , . , . . . . ...140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-2978

Congental anomalies , . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

~se=es Of heat . . . . . . .393-398,402,404-429

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . , . , , .490-496

Pnaumonia and Influenza . . . . . , . , . .4804S7

Human immunodeficiency virus

infaction . . . . . . . . . . ..* C44. .*042-*C44

Cerebrovaecular diseases. ., ., . . ...430-436

AIIothercausee. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Residual

Male, 1.5-24 yew

Allcauses ..,.........,,,,.. . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-w49

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All tier accidents and adverse

effacta . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E6Z%-E949

Homfclde and legal Intewention. . . . .E96C-E976

Sulcida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Malignant naoplaams, including

neopleams of ~mphstic and

hemetopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

mSeSSeS Of heart . . . . . . .393-398,402,40+4z9

Human Immunodeficlency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneunmnla and influenza . . , . . . . ...480-487

Chronic obetrutie pulmonary diseases

and allied condtione . . , , , . . . . . . .49ww

Cerebrcwacular dffieesea. . . . . . . . ..4304.36

Allothercauses, . . . . . . . . ,. , . . .. Residual

Male, 25-44 yeara

Aflceusas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . , . ,E6w-E343

Motor vehicle acddenta . . . . . . . .E81C-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E849

Human Immunodeficiency virus

infection, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*w2-w44

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant naoplssms, including

naoplaems of lymphatic and

hemetopoietic tissues. , , . . . . . . . . .14C-208

Suicide, , . . . . . . . . .. E659. .. E65O-E659

Homicide and legal intervention, . . . .E960-E978

Chronic Wer disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . ..571

Cerebrovaecular diieasea. , . . . . . . . .4s0-4s8

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .430437

Diabetes meltiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ..250

Allofheroauses, . . . . . . , , , , , . . . .Resldual

5,2/2

2,4{)3

1,299

1,194

650

3:47

263

206

151

75

69

63

9%

27,549

11,534

8,468

6;923

4,073

1,083

641

4s2

258

151

117

105

2,212

i 04,261

20,561

11,142

9,419

19,2&3

11,497

Io,lw

9,236

9,77/0

3,135

1,762

1,435

1,282

15,556

28.7

13.6

7.1

6.5

3.5

1.8

1.4

1.1

0.8

0.4

0,4

E

5.0

146.0

62.0

45.5

16.5

37.2

21.9

5.8

3.4

2.4

1.4

0.8

0.6

0.6

11.9

255.2

50.3

27.3

23.1

47.1

28.1

24.9

24.1

23.9

7.7

4.3

3.5

3.1

38.1
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 23

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex: United States, 1991-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause ofdeafh, race, sex, arrd age (NinthRevision

order~ InternationalClassificationof Diseases,1975) Number Rate

.,.

;

3

. . .

.!.

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

.,.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

,.,

8

9

10

,..

,.,

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

8

9

10

.,.

Male,45-84 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .3904S8,402,404428

Malignantneoplasms,including

neoplaamsof lymphaticand

hamato@atictissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Ao3dents and adverseaffects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motorvehcle accidents . . . . . . . .E810+325

All other aczidenteand adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E60&E607,E62w349

Cerebrwasculardiseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic Iiier diseaseand cirrhosis. . . . . ..571

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

acd allied condtions . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

Human immuncdaficiencyvirus

infactiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diabetesmellku-s... . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Raaidual

Male,65 yearsand over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DiSeSSeS of heart. . . . . . .390-396,402,404429

Malignantneoplssma,including

neaplasmsof lymphaticand

hamatopoietictiesues. . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Cerebrovaaculardiseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Chron!coMwfiva pulmonarydisaeeas

Sndaltied condtions . . . . . . . . . . . .4s0-466

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...460-467

Dlabetesmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Acddenfs and adverseeffecfe. . . . . .EWO-E949

Motorvshicla accidents . . . . . . . .E610+825

AfIother accidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E826-E649

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-669

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

AtiemMwls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

Allotherwueee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ReekhIal

Fernale,all ages3

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlseaaaaof heart, . . . . . .390-368,402,404-428

Malignantnaoplssme,Indudlng neoplaamaof

iynphatic and hemetopoletlctlsauee. ..140-206

Cerebrovasoulard!seaeea. ., . . . . ...430-438

Pnaunmniaand Influarue ., . , . . . . . .4SQ-487

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

and a!liedoondflons . . . . . . . . . . . .480-486

Acaidantsand adverseeffac+s.. . . . .E84WE849

Motorvehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All otheraccidentsand adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E849

Diabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

S6@emia . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

NephnWa,nephrot!esyndrome,and

nephroais. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560+39

Atherosclerosi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reeidual

227,464

74,258

72,1S3

9,750

4,458

5,292

7,791

7,301

6,874

5,711

5,496

5,129

3,366

29,575

731,62s

272,619

187,S44

46,667

42,814

30,710

14,5$13

13,163

3,s56

9,2Q7

8,369

6,432

6,075

101,973

1,047,853

361,048

242,277

86,767

41,s4s

40,185

29,617

13,563

16,026

27,855

11,061

10,s42

10,764

18s,871

1,011.2

330.1

320.9

43.3

19.6

23.5

34.6

32.5

30.6

25.4

24.4

228

15.1

131.5

5,719.9

2,131.3

1,466.3

366.6

334.7

240.1

114.1

102.9

30.9

72.0

65.7

50.4

47.5

797.2

811.0

279.5

187.5

67,2

32.2

31.16

22,9

10.5

12.4

21,6

8.6

8.5

8.3

143.7

Rank Cause of death, race, se& and age (NinthRevision

ordarl InternationalClaeeificatiin of Diaaaaas, 1975) Number Rata

...

1

...

...

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

9

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Femaks, 1=1 yeara

Aflceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .ESJ30-W49

Motor vehicle aczkienfa . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

Al otfw accidents end adverse

affacls . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E849

Congan”ti arwmalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neoplaams, includingneoplaema of

lynpha6c and hemeto@efic tiSSUSS . ..140-208

Homidde and legal intsxvantlon. . . . .E860-E978

Disaeseaof hearl. . . . . . .390-S98,402,404-429

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-467

Human immunodeficiancy vims

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..* W2–*044

Ceti”n condtions originatingin the parinatd

perfod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...750-779

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

Benign neoplaams, carcinoma in situ, and

IWOdSSMS of uncertainbehaviorand of

unspecifiednature . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Allotharcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Raaklual

Female, 5-14 yeare

Al[causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effade. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other acdckmfs and adverse

affecta . . . . . . . . .. E8O3-EEW9.E628-EW9

Maliinant naopbsme, includingnsaplssms of

lYMpf@c and hemafopoiaUctissues. ..140-206

Congen”tiancmalii . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Hcinickle and legal intervention. . . . .E93J2-E878

tiSeSSSS Of haart . . . . . . .W3-396,402,404428

Pneurrwnie and influenza. . . . . . . . . A8W167

Suickle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E25O-ES59

Chrwic obstnMva pulnwwy dleeaaea

endelliedccxldtiione . . . . . . . . . . ..48o-4s8

Human Immurwdefidenq virus

lnfadbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*C42-W4

Cera&oveaculardbaaaas . . . . . . . .. A3CW36

Allothercauaea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reaklual

Female, 16-24 yeSrS

AIIcsusee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ...,

Acd&teti~~e~&ecte . . . . . .E85)-E648

. . . . . . . .E81O-E825

Al other acddenta and adverse

affect s........ . JWX)-E607,E826-E849

Homkide awl legal Intarwntbn, . . . .E860-E876

Malignant neopkwns, Includingrreoplesmsof

Iy?nphtic end ha’rsatopoiatictissues . . .14H?I)8

Suioide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E85O-E859

Diseasesof haart. . . . ...390-388.402.404429

Congenitalacmak3a.. . . . . . . . . ..7 @758

Huummuncdafkdancy virus

. .*M2-*044

CerebroveUG &Us”.”.”.”.”.”.”. . . .43&136

Pneumoniaend influenza. . . . . . . . . .46C-487

Compllcatkmsof pragnenoy,childbirth,

endthepuerparium. . . . . . . . . . . ..630-676

Allotierceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reaklud

3,169

1,099

411

66S

402

238

193

154

82

81

56

38

37

769

3,207

1,167

712

455

45$

224

162

130

66

58

47

41

41

8,803

3,744

3,196

54a

1,236

731

678

349

191

161

114

105

97

1,4s7

42.7

14.8

5.5

9.3

5.4

3.2

2.6

2.1

1.1

i .1

0.8

0.5

0.5

10.6

16.3

6.7

4.1

2.6

2.6

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.4

0,3

0.3

0.2

0.2

4.5

50.0

21.0

18.0

3.1

6.9

?8

2.0

1.1

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.5

8.4

See footnotesat end oftable.
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technioal notes]

Rank Cause ofdeatb, race, sex, ami age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Claesfication of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

...

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

6

9

10

.,

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

,..

,.,

6

9

10

. . .

Female, 25-44 years

Allcausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, Including

naoplsams of lymphatic and

hemato~ietic tissues. . . . . . . . . , ,140-208

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . ,E800-E949

Motor vehcle accidents . . . . . . ,E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E849

Diseases of hearl. . . . . . .361J-396,402,404429

Homicide and Isgd Intervention. . . . .E960-E976

Human immunodeficlency virus

lnfcztlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-W4

Suidde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . .430-438

Chronic liter disease and citiosie. . . . . . . .571

Diabetes melltus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ..460-467

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raaidusl

Female, 45-64 yeare

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplaems, including

naoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ,140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-398,402,404429

Cerebroveeculer diseases. . . . . . . . . .4S0436

Chronic obatrucWe pulmonary diseases

andallied cmndtione . . . . . . . . . . ..48C-486

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E8cc-E949

Motor vehcle amidenta . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

affects, . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E826-E949

Chronic Iiier disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . .571

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-467

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reaidual

Female, 65 years end over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DieSSes Of heart . . . . . . .3W-398,402,40+129

Malignant nsoplaems, including

naopleems of lymphatic and

hamatopoietictiaaues. . . . . ., . . . ..140-206

Cerebrovawulsr diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+38

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary d~easee

andallied condtions . . . . . . . . . . ..493—496

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle arxidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82E-E849

Atherosderoeis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, end

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..56C-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raaidual

43,463

12,064

5,365

3,840

2,025

4,325

2,602

2,464

2,445

1,561

1,314

929

758

9,012

141,290

61,924

31,101

6,673

5,695

4,916

3,943

2,158

1,765

3,196

2,090

1,728

1,059

18,765

631,698

324,546

166,624

78,252

36,252

33,52a

21,935

13,261

3,068

10,193

10,49S

9,564

9,436

125,615

105.3

28.2

14.4

9.5

4.9

10.5

6.3

6.0

5.9

3.6

3.2

2.2

1.9

21.8

562.6

255.4

128.3

27.5

24.3

20.3

16,3

8.9

7.4

13.2

8.6

7.1

4.4

77.4

4,367.0

1,712.0

679.7

412.7

201.7

177.2

115.7

70.0

16.3

53.8

55.3

50.4

49.6

662.4

Rank Cause of death, race, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

...

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

White, all agess

Allceusea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dieeaeesofheart. . . . . . .32+398,402,404-428

Malignant naoplesms, including neoplasm of

lymphatic end hematopoietic tieeuea . ..140-206

Cerebroveecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430436

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condflons . . . . . . . . . . . .490-486

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E942

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All othar accidents and acfverae

effects ...,.... . .EeOO-E807,E826-E849

Pneumonia end influeme . . . . . . . ...460467

Dlabatasmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Sukide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95o-Eg5g

Chronic Iiier diaeaee and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Human immunodeficlency virus

infaction, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resldual

Whita, 1-4 yeara

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acddents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

Sffacrs . . . . . . . . . .E6W-E607,E626-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neopkreme, including neoplaems of

Jonphatic and hematopoiatlc tissues . .,142-208

Homicide end legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Diseases of haart. . . . ...320-388.402.404429

Pneunmnla and influenza . . . . . . . ...460437

Certah condtions originating in the pennatel

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

Benign naaplasms, carcinoma In s“%u,and

naoplaams of uncertain behw’or and of

unspadfied nature . , . . . . . . . . . . .21C-239

Human Immunodeficiency virus

infaotiofr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Raaidual

Whiie, 5-14 years

AIIceusaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle acddente . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

Sffacta . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E626-E849

Malignant naopksema, including naop!aema of

lymphatic and hemetopdetic tissues . . .14C-206

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intarvantbn. . . . .E9M)-E978

Sukide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Dleeeaae of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-467

Cerebrovascukrr disaeaea. . . . . . . ...430-436

Chronic obetrucflve pulmonary diseaaae

endalllad condtione . . . . . . . . . . ..490-496

Benign naoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neopleams of uno?rtarn behavior and of

unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-238

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residuel

1,e56,904

636,805

449,506

123,720

63,951

74,413

36,651

37,562

69j!76

39,600

27,996

21 fi86

19,850

322,401

5,028

1,943

664

1,259

650

416

226

210

134

68

64

64

57

1,176

6,321

2,747

1,577

1,170

913

376

27?

228

190

112

66

65

63

1,234

e86.2

301 !9

213,1

58.7

39.6

35.3

17.5

17.8

32.8

16.6

13.3

10.1

9.4

152.9

41.7

16.1

5.7

10.4

5.4

3.4

1.9

1.7

1.1

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.5

9.7

22!.0

9.6

5.5

4.1

3.2

1.3

1.0

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

4.5

88.s footnotes at end of table.

*
Monthly Vitai Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 25

Tabie 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causee of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991 -Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Causeof death,race,sex,arrd sge (Ninth Revision

orderl IntemationaiClas3iWtion of Diseases,1975) Number Rate

...

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

6

9

10

,..

WMe, 15-24 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acddente end adverseeffects. . . . . .EtXN-E849

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidentsend adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E626-E949

Suidde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E25O-E859

Homicideand legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Malignantneopleams,Including

naoplaamsof lymphaticend

heinatopoiefictissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseasesof heart. . . . ...380-396.402.404429

CongenRalenomaliee . . . . . . . ..75974O-759

Humanimmunodefiiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Pneumoniaand Influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Cerabrovaeculardieaaaes. . . . . . . . ..43Wl36

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

andallbdcond~ns . . . . . . . . . . ..4S0-496

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residuel

Wtfte, 25+4 years

Allcausae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Am”dentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motorvehickraccidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidentsend adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,EW3-ES49

Maliinant neoplaams,including

naupleameof Iymphsdcand

hemetopoietictiwes. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Human Immunodafidencyvirus

hfaction..,... . . . . . . . . . ..*042-*C44

Diseasesof haart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-428

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95&E859

Homicideand legal intervanh. . . . .EWO-EW6

ChronicNer dweae and cirrhce!s. . . . . ...571

Cerebrovasculerdkeases.... . . . . ..4 SrH38

Diebatasmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...2.50

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .480+67

Allothercaus= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ReskJuel

Whtie, 45-84 yeara

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignantnecpleams,indwling

nsopleemsof lymphaticend

hernato~”atic tissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseasesof heart.. . . ...390-398.402.404428

Chronicob#mtive pulmonetydsesses

andd~adcondti. . . . . . . . . . ..4204s6

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motorvehicleacddents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other-“dents and adverse

. . . . . . . . . .E603-E807,E626-E649

Cerebrovaacu!ard!seaees. . . . . . . ...430-436

Chronic her diseaseend c’krhosis. . . . . ...571

Diabetasmellii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E85O-E959

Human immunodaficiencyvirus

infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ResW.al

25,866

12,s23

10,096

2,627

4,078

3,168

1,470

659

364

324

165

162

118

2,539

106,302

21,173

12,416

8,755

17,694

14,564

11,253

10,943

5,965

3,248

2,119

1,631

1,384

16,327

266,846

112,6S7

85,454

11,204

11,197

5,554

5,643

10265

8,606

7,343

6,730

4,423

4,169

36,656

66.5

44.0

34.4

9.6

13.9

10.8

5.0

2.2

1.2

1.1

0.6

0.6

0.4

6.6

155.1

30.9

16.1

12.8

25.8

21.2

16.4

16.0

8.7

4.7

3.1

2.4

2.0

23.8

738.9

278.5

211.2

27.7

27.7

13.7

13.9

25.4

21.3

18.1

16.6

10.9

10.3

91.1

Rank Ceuseofdaatfr, race,SW,and age (NinthRevision

orderl Intamatlo+ Claeaiii of Diseases, 1975) Number Rafe

...

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

WHte,65 yeara end over

Mcauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .390-388,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasme, including neoplaamsof

~~hStiC endbhd~~mtc%tic tias.w3 . ..140-203

Cerebrovaacu ..430-436

ChronicOb3tTUCtiW pUiMC&itj ifiiii~

endefliedcondiis . . . . . . . . . . ..49cwKl6

Pnaunwniaand infkrenza. . . . . . . ...480-487

D!abetasmeliit u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Accidents end adveme affects. . . . . .EWO—ES49

Motorvehh5e acddenta . . . . . . . .E810-E825

Allolher eddents end adverse

effacta . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E626-E249

Atheroaderoais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

NaphrlUs,nephotfc a@rome, and

axe... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560-539

S@iimia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Resldual

W-tie male, ail agaag

Allceusee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-328,402,404-429

Malignant naopbms, includingnaop!asrneof

~phatic and hanatopoktic tissues. ..140-206

Accidents end adwse effacfe. . . . . .EW3-E949

Motor vehMearxidants . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

Allother ecddenb end adverse

efkta . . . . . . . . . .E300-E607,E626-E949

Cerabmvaacukerd!seaaaa . . . . . . . . ..43O-428

Chronic Obsb’lMiw pUiMCilSty diseases

andeliiiccOdii . . . . . . . . . . ..4we6

Pnwnonlaandi nfluenze. . . . . . . ...460-467

Suidde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95&E%8

Human Immurmdeftiency virus

infacth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*o44

D!abateamAitue.... . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Chronic liverdisease end cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Allothercauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reakiuel

Whitemale, 14 yeare

Alfcsuee3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acddenteand edwseeffacte. . . . . .E600-E949

fdotofvahiiie acc+dents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

AHother ecddertts and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E3JXI-E807,E226-E849

Congenital armmsba. ..740......740-759

Malignant naopkna, includingneopiasmrsof

Nm@ and hamatowietic tissues. . .wx?oa

HornkXfe and legal intervention. . . . .E!XQ-E976

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-467

Cerbln mndtfions orig.kting In the perfnebl

perbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76o-779

Septkxnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

S4rnignneopleams, cardncsna in slu, and

neoplssma of unc?rfeinbehavior and of

unepacffiednefure . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-239

Human Immuncdeftiencj virus

krfectbn... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..* M2-*O44

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1,402,223

538,497

316,247

110,959

71,854

62,9s5

30,512

23,688

6,S64

17,322

15,297

15,021

13,370

203,651

956,497

317,&12

236,409

49,212

25,163

24,029

47,639

46,316

31,569

22,452

18,366

17,47s

13,769

155,410

2,818

1,149

369

z

222

131

106

79

51

37

33

6%

4,906.3

1,664.2

1,106.5

368.2

251.4

220.2

106.6

82,9

22.3

60.6

53.5

52.6

7$

926.2

307.6

226.9

47.7

24.4

23.3

46.3

44.9

30.6

21.7

17.8

16.9

i 3.4

150.5

45.5

18.6

5.8

12.7

5.5

3.6

2.1

1.7

1.3

0.8

0.6

0.5

1:

See footnotes at end of table.
26 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991- Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-daath codes, see Technical notes]

Rank CW.se ofdearh, race, sex, arrd age (NinthRevision

orderl lntamationaiClaaeiicationof Diseases,1975) Number Rate

...

1

. . .

,..

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

,.,

2

3

4

S!

7

8

9

10

. . .

.,.

1

,.,

,,,

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Wh@ male,5-14 yews

AJlcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . ., .E610-E825

Aflother accidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E3C0-E307,E826-E949

Malgnant neoplaema,includingneoplaemsof

lymphaticand hsmatopoietictieeues. . .14C-208

Congenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicideand Iegd Intervention. . . . .E9S0-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95&E959

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . ,390-398,402,404429

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . , . .4s0-467

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

and alliedoondtions . . . . . , , . . . .4%!-496

Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus

ihfaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.*042-*044

Benign naoplaams,carcinomain situ, and

nmplasms of uncettainbehatior and of

unspecifiednature . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Allothercauses. . . . , , . . . . . . . , .Reeklual

Whte male, 15-24 years

Allcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ...

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . .E800-E849

Motorvehicleacdderrta . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E8CC-E807,E82GE949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ee50-E859

Homicideand legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Malignantnsoplaems,including neoplaemsof

iymphaticand hemato~iaflc tissues . ..140-206

Diseasesof heart. . , . . . .390-398,402,4C4-429

HumanImmunodeficlencyvirus

lnfetilon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Congenitalanomalies , , , . . . . . . . . .740-759

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0-487

Cerebrovaeculardiseases. . . . , . . , .430-436

Chronicobatructk pulmonarydiseases

andelllad mnditiona . . . . ..4 SO. ..4SO-4S6

Allotherceuses. . . ., . . . . . . . . , . .Reskhl

Whte male,2544 yeara

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidentsand adverseeffects, ., . . ,E800-E949

Motorvehicleaccldenta , , , , . , . .E81O-E825

All otheraocldenk and adverse

sffede . . . . . . . . . .E800-ES07,E626-E949

HumanImmuncdeflciencyvirus

lnfactlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042O*044O44

Sulclde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95tPE959

Diseasesof heart. . . . , . .390-39&102,40&429

Malignantneoplaams,including neoplaamsof

lymphaticand hematopoletictissues . ..140-208

Homicideand legal intervention. . . . .E98C-E978

Chronic~werdiseaseand cirrhosis. . . . . ..571

Cerebrovasculardiseases, . . . . . . . . ,430-438

Diabatesmeliiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ,250

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . .480-467

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . .Raaidual

3,916

1,852

1,008

644

542

202

177

175

99

60

41

39

38

691

19,333

9,693

7,287

2,406

3,476

2,543

902

426

263

207

109

86

1,5:

76,061

16,479

9,175

7,304

13,546

8,748

8,527

a.m3

4,820

2,405

1,118

954

916

10,583

26.5

12.5

6.8

5.7

3.7

; :2

1.2

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

4.7

128.2

z

18.0

23.0

16.9

6.0

2.6

1.7

1.4

0.7

0.6

0.4

10.4

220.8

47.6

26.6

21.2

39.3

26.4

24.8

23.7

13.4

7.0

3.2

2.6

2.7

30.7

Rank Cause ofdeatfr, race, sex and age (Ninth Revision

orderi IrrtemationdClassificationof Dk.eaaea,1975) Number Rate

...

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

:

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

.!.

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

,.,

7

8

9

10

,..

White male,45-S4 yeare

Alicauses . . . . . .. d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-428

Malignantnsoplaems,inducting

neopleemsof fyrnphaticand

hemeto~lstlc tissues. , . . . . . . . . ..140-206

Acddenta and adverseeffects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motorvehloleacoldenta . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All otheracddenta and adverse

Sffacta . . . . . . . . . ,E600-E607,ES2S-ES49

Chronic Iiier diseaseand ckrfwals. . . . . ...571

Chronicobatnrolivepulmunarydiseases

and afliedcondfiions . . . . . . . . . . , .490+96

Cerebrovaeculardissaaes. . . . . . . . . .430433

Suicide .,. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Humanimmunodeficlencyvirus

infaction . . . . . . ..*044 . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Diabetesmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . A60-4S7

Allotherceusee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Residual

Whtiemale,65 yearaand over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . ,3S0-396,402,404-429

Malignantnsoplaams,indudlng

nacpleamsof Iyrnphatioand

hamatopoietictissues. . . . , , ., , . ..140-238

Cerebroveasufardlseaaes. . . . . . . . . .4S0-438

Chronicobetrudive pulmonarydlaeaaas

and atliedcondtlons . . . . . . . . . . . .4S0-496

Pneurrmnlaand influenza , . . . . . . . . .4804S7

Diabstesmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Acddsnte and adverseaffaota. , . . . .E6KI-E949

Motorvehicleacddenta . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effsote, ,1 .,... . .E600-ES07,E628-E849

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephroals, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,580-538

Atherosderosls ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

Septloemla . . . . ..o . . .. o....... ..038

Allotheroauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Raeldual

Whitefemale,aliages3

Aflcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dlsesaesof heart, . . . , , .38C-388,402,40449

Malignantnaoplaams,Indudlng neoplasmsof

lymphaticand hematopoletlctissues. , .140-206

Cerebrovasculerdlsaaaee, . . . , , , ., ,430-438

Pneumoniaand Influense. , . . . . . . . .4804S7

Chronloobatruotivepulmonarydleeasaa

and slied comdltlons. . . . . . . . . . . ,4S0-436

Acddenta and adverseaffaofe. . . . . .E303-E949

Motorvehicleaceldente . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All other accidentsand adverse

Sffacta . . . . . . . . . .E8C0-E607,Ee28-E949

Diabefesmellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ..250

Atherosderosls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Septicemia ... ,.c . . . . . . . . .. c.. ..038

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephroals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..530-569

Allothercauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

165,833

61,933

61J,23C~

7,968

3,738

4,230

6,056

5,977

5;111

4,771

3,820

%!

654,517

246,227

186,312

27,669

12,536

11,613

3,514

8,099

7,125

5,573

5,369

91,210

912,407

319,163

213,087

75,881

37,887

37,835

25,201

11,686

13,533

22,127

9,946

9,072

8,762

153,634

945.5

315.1

30s.4

40.5

19.0

21.5

30.8

30.4

26.1

26.0

212

19.9

13.0

113.9

5,873.7

2,134.4

1,441,7

355.4

346.6

239.8

106,7

1CQ.7

30.5

70.2

61.8

4s.3

4s,7

780.7

347.7

29S.5

196.0

70.6

35,0

35,0

23.4

10,8

12.6

20.6

9.2

8A

14:;

Seefootnotesat end of table.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 27

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 ieading cauaes of death In specified age groups, by race and sex: United Statea, 1991-Con.

[Rates . Der 100,000 ~ormlation in sPecified group. For explanation of asterisk precedln9 Ceuse-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Causaofdeaffr, me, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International C!aeeflcetion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rafe

...

1

...

...

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

8

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

Whke femala, 1-4 yeara

AJcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverae effects. . . . . .E6C0-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

Afl other accidents and adverse

affaote . . . . . . . . . .E6C0-E807,E628-E649

Congenital anomaflas . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Maliinanf neoplesms, including neoplaems of

fyrnphatic and hemeto~”atic tissues . ..140-206

Dheesas of heart. . . . . . .3SCX39B,4W404-429

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480467

Certain condtions originating in the perlnatd

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Human immunodefickncy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Benign neopleems, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Saptkssnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

AIIothercauses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residuef

Whie female, 5-14 yeare

Allcausae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and advarse effects. . . . . .E600-E349

Motor vehicle amidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents end adverse

erracte . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E349

Malignant neoplasms, inckllng neopleame of

lymphatic and hemetopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Congenffal anomefies . . . . . . . . . ...742-759

Hom”dde and Is@ intewentkm. . . . .EWJ2-E978

Ciseaeas of heart. . . . . . .391XW6,402,40&129

Sukkle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E85GE959

Pneurrwnia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . .46@187

Cerebrovaecu 1WCfiSeS5SS. . . . . . . . ..430_438

Benign neopleems,achcrna in s“~, and

neoplaems of uncettain behavior and of

unspacffied nature . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-239

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalfied condtine . . . . . . . . ., ..493-496

Aflotherceusas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residuel

Whie femafe, 15-24 years

Allc=ausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kcidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E6t0-E949

Motor vehcle acxidante . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E8CX3-E807,E828-E949

Hcfnidde and Iagef intervenficn. . . . .E860-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Malignant neoplesms, including neoplesme of

iynphatfc and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-398,402,404+29

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .48C-467

Cerebroveacular dkeases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Human immunodaficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. W42-W44

Chronic obstructive pulmonay diseases

andelfied ccmdtions . . . . . . . . . ...480-486

AJlotherceuses. , . . . , . . . . . . . . . .Residual

2,210

784

324

470

307

194

102

95

55

37

31

31

27

537

2,405

895

569

326

371

174

100

91

53

%

25

24

589

6,855

3,230

2,609

421

623

602

568

233

157

76

74

61

58

973

37.6

13.5

5.5

8.0

5.2

3.3

1.7

1.6

0.9

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

9.1

17.2

6.4

4.1

2.3

2.7

1.2

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

4.2

46.6

22.6

19.8

2.9

4.4

4.2

4.0

1.6

1.1

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

6.8

Rank Causeof deafh rsca, sex and age (Ninth Revision

orderf Intametionel Claeeificafbn of Diseases, 1975) Number Rafs

...

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

8

9

10

.,.

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

WhRe femafe, 2.%44 yeare

Alceusea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplesms, including

neoplaems of lymphatic and

hematopdaticfiseues. . . . . . . . . . . .140-20S

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E8C0-E949

Motor vehcla am”denfa . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

Afl other accidents end adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E8W-E607,E626-E949

DLseeses of h-. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95&E859

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Human immuncdeficienq virus

infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Cerebrovaeculsr diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+38

Chronic h’er disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . .571

Diabateemelfff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2.50

Pneumonia and inffueti . . . . . . . . . .460467

AUothercauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residuel

Whiie female, 45-64 years

Aflcausae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplasms, including

neoplesms of lymphatic end

hemeto~”atictissues. . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .320-396,402,404-429

Chronic obetrucfivepuhmary dseases

ancfefkf matin s . . . . . . . . . ..4w-426

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+2S

Oieba+esmelMus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

Acckfente and adverse effects. . . . . .E8C0-E949

Motcr vehde am-dents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other aa”dents end adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,~S49

Chrork Mer dsease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . .6? I

Suickfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E65O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

Septicemi a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..02S

AIIotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reskk!al

Whiie female, 85 ysars and over

Aflcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Di.SeSSeSOf heart . . . . . . .390-2S8,402,404-429

Malignant neoplaerns, including

neoplaems of lymphatic end

hematopoiatictiesuas. . . . . . . . . . . .140-20S

Carebrovascul~ dseasee. . . . . . . ...430-136

Pneumonia and inffuenza . . . . . . . . ..480-467

Chronic obstructive pulrrwnery dsaasea

andaJlied condtins . . . . . . . . . . ..4S0-498

Diabafes melfiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Addents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicfe acddenfs . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other am”dents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E6W-E897,E828-E949

Atherosclerosi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Sepfcemia . . . . . . . . . ...<..... . ..036

Nephriik, nephr~”c syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..56C-569

A40thercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reskluef

30,241

9,S31

:Z

1,451

2,726

2,195

1,345

1,016

1,001

844

468

5,744

113,115

52,467

23,516

5,227

4,742

3,423

3,229

1,616

1,413

2,552

1,619

1,616

754

13,970

747,712

292,270

149,935

69,862

35,286

31 ,98a

17,976

12,073

2,650

9,223

9,724

7,981

7,836

112,641

88.7

27.9

13.6

9.5

4.3

8.0

6.4

3.9

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.0

1.4

16.8

543.7

252.2

113.0

25.1

22.8

16.5

15.5

6.7

6.8

12.3

7.6

G

67.2

4,287.5

1,715.0

679.6

410.5

208.9

187.7

105,5

70.6

16.7

54.1

57.1

46,6

46.3

861.0

See tootnotes at end of table.
28 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 42, No. 2(S) . August 31, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991 -cOn.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of death, race, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Cleeaiflcetion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

.,.

1

2

3

4

5

,..

,..

6

7

8

9

10

. .

. . .

1

,..

,..

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

. . .

1

. . .

. .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black, all agae3

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . .3W-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplsams, Including neopleems of

$frnphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . 430-433

Homicide and legal intervenfiin. . . . .E960-E878

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle actidente . . . . . . . ,E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverae

Sffacte . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E823-E949

Human immunodefiaency virus

lnfaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*W2-*O44

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2.5o

Pneumonia end influenza . . . . . . . ..480-487

Certain conditions originating In the pennatel

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Chronic obstrucWe pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions . . . . . . . . . .490496

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black, 1+ yeara

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accldenta and adveree effects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accldenta and adverse

Sffacte . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Homicide end legal intervention. . . , .E9WI-E978

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

~SeS3eS Of heart . . . . . . .3W-398,402,404429

Malignant naoplaems, including naopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-208

Human immunodeficlency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-’O44

Pneumonia end influenza . . . . . . . . .480-487

Certain conditions originating in the perinatel

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Anemlee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-285

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dieeeees

and allied condtions . . . . . . . . . .490498

All other causes. . , . . . . . . . . . . , .Residual

Black, 5-14 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents end adverse effecte. . . . . .E800-E948

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adveffie

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E628-E949

Homicide and legal Intervention. . .E980-E978

Malignant neoplaems, including neopleams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tiaeuea . . .14C-208

Congenital anomalies . . . . , . . . . ...740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .393-398,402,404-429

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditlona . . . . . . . . .490-496

Human immunodsflclency virus

inf~on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..* W2-*W

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95C-E959

Anemia =......,,.....,..,.. .28C-285

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . , , .480-487

All other causes. . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

269,525

76,014

57,921

17,362

12,95$

12,472

5,205

7,267

9,437

6,517

7,372

6,512

5,816

55,144

1,830

841

185

456

184

181

111

96

95

88

50

31

24

449

1,869

783

356

427

226

154

89

80

54

42

32

27

23

359

854.9

243.9

185.9

55.7

41.6

40.0

16.7

23.3

30.3

27.3

23.7

20.9

18.7

176.9

79.7

26.5

7.6

18.8

7.6

7.5

4.6

4.0

3.9

2.6

2.1

1.3

1.0

18.5

34.2

14.3

6.5

7.8

4.1

2.8

1.6

1.5

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

6#6

Rank Cauae of deaffr, race, sex and age (Ninth ReWon

order 1 International Classification of Diaesaes, 1975) Number Rafa

...

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

5

7

8

9

9

. . .

. . .

1

2’

3

,..

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

.,,

. . .

6

7

6

1:

,..

Black, 15-24 yeara

AJlca.uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal Intervention. . . . .ESW-E976

Accidents and advwse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle amidenfe . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidenta end adverse

effects .,...... . .E6C0-E807,E82WXM9

Suicide ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseaees of heart. . . . . . .38W396,402,404-429

Malignant neopleams, including

nauplasms of iymphetlc

and hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . .140-208

Human immunodeficiency virus

lnfacb’on ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions . . . . . . . , . . . .493-486

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280-285

Pneumonia end influenza . . . . . . . ...430-487

Allotherceuses. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .Residual

Black, 2544 yeare

Allcauses, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human Immunodaflclancy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Homicide and IegsdIntervention. . . . .EWJ-E976

Accidents and adveree effacte. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accldente . . . . . . . .E610-E825

All other accidents end adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E626-W49

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Melignanf naopleems, including

naoplaems of ~mphatic

and hematopoletic tissues. . . . . . . . .14C-206

Cerabrovsecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic Ihherdisease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ,4S0-487

DlebetesmelMus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Allotherceuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resldual

Black, 45-64 yea~

AIIceusea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, Includlng

naoplasms of iymphatic

end hematopolatic tissues . . . . . . . . .140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .38C-398,402,404-42S

Cerebroveacular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430-438

Dlabates melhus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E80C-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E80C-E807,E826-E949

Human immunodeflclency virus

infactlon, . . . . . . . . . . . . ..c. .*042-*044

Chronic liver dlseeee and cirrhosis. . . . . . .571

Chronic obsttuctlve pulmonaty diseases

and allied condttlons . . . . . , . . # . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . , , , . . . . . .460+87

Homicide and legeJ intervention. . . . .E98C-E976

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Resldual

9,303

4,765

1,666

1,193

673

479

296

262

262

82

69

66

66

1,030

37,752

6,987

6,025

4,457

2,081

2,376

4,247

3,672

1,121

1,(!45

1,035

769

549

7,84s

62,812

16,998

18,214

3,725

2,450

2;074

“8i6

1,258

1,809

1,629

1,436

1,161

1,125

10,161

174.9

90.0

35.1

22.4

12.7

9.0

5.6

5.3

5.3

1.5

1,3

1,2

1:::

376.2

69.6

60.0

44.4

20.7

23,7

42.3

36.6

11.2

10.4

10.3

7,7

5.5

76.2

1,339.0

405,0

388.3

79.4

52.4

44,2

17.4

26.6

36.6

34.7

30.6

25,2

24.0

218,6

See footnotes st end of table.
~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~29

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991 -Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause of deatfr, race, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

order~ International Classification ofDisaaeee,1975) Numbar Rata

...

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

!..

. . .

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

.,.

1

,.,

,..

2

3

:

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

Black, 65 years end over

Al[causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DEeeses of heart. . . . ...390-396.402.404429

Malignant naopksms, including neoplesms of

@phatic and hematopoietic tissues . ..140-206

Cerabroveecular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabstes mellkus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary d!!eases

end allied condiions . . . . . . . . . . . .493-486

Nephrit!s, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .EKIo-E949

Motor vehcle.accidente . . . . . . , .E81O-E625

All othar accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E6CC-E607,E826-E849

Septicemia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Hypertension with or without

renafdiseeee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...401.403

Allotherceuaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Reeidual

Black male, atl agees

Alcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402,404429

Malignant neopleems, including neopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues , . .Mo-206

Homicide end legal intewention. . . . .E960-E978

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .EWI—E948

Motor vehnle acc+denfe . . . . . . . ,E81O-E625

Afl other accidents and adverse

effect s........ . .E80C-E607,E626-E949

Cerebroveacular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-436

Human immunodefiiency virus

infecflon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Pneumonk and Influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-467

Cettain conditionsoriginating in the perinafal

periid. ..760 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Chronic obetrucWa pulnwnay diseasea

and allied condtions . , . . . . . . . . . .480496

Die.betes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Alotheroeuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reeidual

Black mala, 1+ years

AJlcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverea effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehiile aczklente , . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affacta . . . . . . . . , .E800-E607,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal Intervention. . . . .E96C-E978

Dlsaeees of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplesms, including naoplaame of

Mmhatlc andhematopoletic tissues . ..140-208

Human Immuncdeficienoy virus

lnfaotlon ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*044

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...48-7

Certain cundtions originating In the pennatal

perii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76C-n9

Chronic obstructive pulnmnaty dieeeeaa

anda.llied canddons, ,., ... , . . ..4W-@8

Anemh. ... . . . ..268 . . . . . . ..28O-268

Allotherceuses. . . . . . . . . . . . ., . ,Reelduel

143,730

52,822

34,498

12,377

5,458

5,028

3,651

2,694

2,362

527

1,635

2,328

1,525

20,769

147,331

37,454

32,094

10,628

8,821

3,771

5,050

7,685

7,440

3,828

3,711

3,621

3,267

28,672

1,063

36s

108

259

101

97

63

58

48

42

32

i7

16

243

5,627.6

2,068.2

1,350.7

464.6

213.7

le8.9

150.8

105.5

92.5

20.6

71.8

91.2

59.7

814.0

898.7

253.9

217.5

72.0

69.8

25.6

34.2

52.1

50.4

26.7

25,2

24.5

22.1

184.3

88.4

30.0

8.9

21.1

8.2

7.9

5.1

4.7

3.8

3.4

2,6

*

*

19.8

Rank Cause of death, race, sex, and age (Ninth Revision

orderl International Claaeifiti”on of Dkeeees, 1975) Number Rats

...

1

,..

. . .

2

3

4

5

8

7

8

9

9

. . .

. . .

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

Black male, 5-14 years

AJlcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E6C0-E249

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E80C-E807,E626-E949

Homicide end legal intervention. . . . .EW)-E978

Malignant neopleams, including

neoplasm of @nphatic

end hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . .14C-2U8

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .39)-396,402,404-429

Chronic obstructivepulmonary diseases

Sridallied condtiona . . . . . . . . . . . .WWIgS

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E859

Human immunodefiiency virue

lnfdion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*C42-*O44

Anemias ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2w265

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430-436

Notherceusee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Raeidual

B!ack male, 15-24 years

AIIcauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hciniclde and legal intenfention. . . . .E960-E978

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E249

Motorvehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidenb end adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E6W)-E607,E826-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ,393-398,402,404-429

Human immurwdefciency virus

infaction . ..<. .< . . . . . . . . . ..*W2-*044

Meflgnent nec@aerne,inckiding

naopleams of lymphatic

andhematqdetfct issuas. . . . . . . . ,14W?08

Chronic obstructivepulmorkoy dseaees

andellied cmndfions . . . . . . . . . ...492-496

Congen”ti anomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Anafniee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..26G265

Pneunmnia end influenza , . . . . . . . . .46u467

AIIothercaueas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rasiduel

B!aok male, 25-44 years

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human immuncdefkiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-*C44

Homicide end legal intervanticn. . . . .E96?-E978

Accidents and adverse effacte. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E8W)-E6C17,E828-E249

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ,3S0-398,402,404+23

Malignant naoplesms, including

naopLwns of lymphatic

and hematqmietlc tissues . . . . . . , . .140-208

Suklde . . . . .. E950. E859 . . ..E95O-E859

Chronic liver disease end cirrhosis. , . . . , ..571

Cerebrowwular diseaeaa. . . . . . . . . .430+34

Pneumonia end influenza ., , , . . . ...460-467

Disbatesmellttus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

fUlothercauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ReaHual

1,172

552

236

316

150

64

51

45

31

28

24

10

10

187

7,385

4,208

1,4e9

927

572

192

163

144

49

43

41

39

532

25,773

5,537

4,677

3,414

1,556

1,658

2,737

1,723

868

637

588

490

309

4,593

42.4

19.9

8.5

11.4

5.4

3.0

1.6

1,6

1.1

1.0

0.9

*

●

6.8

278.1

158.9

56.6

35.0

21.6

16.4

7.3

6.9

5.4

1.9

1.6

1,5

1.5

20.1

548.9

117.9

103.9

72.7

33,1

39.6

58.3

36.7

18,5

13.6

12.5

10.4

6,6

97.8

See footnotes at end of table.
30 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 6. Deatha and death ratea for the 10 leading cauaea of death In specified age groupe, by race and eex: United States, 1991 -COn.

[Rates per 100,000 population In specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause ofdeah, race, sex, ati age (NinthRevision

orderl InternationalCleedficationof Diseases,1975) Numbar Rate

,.,

;

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

.,.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

...

.

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Blackmale,45-64 yeare

Allcausea, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, . . .

Diseasesof heart, . , . . . .393-398,402,404-429

Malignantneoplasms,Includingneoplaemsof

lymphaticand hematopoletictissues ., .140-208

Cerebrovesculardiseases. . . . . . . . ..430-438

Acddenls and adverseeffects. . . . .E600-E849

Motorvehcle accidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Human immunodefidencyvirus

infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Diabetesmelliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

ChronicIiier diseaseand cirrhosis. . . . ..571

Homicideand legal Intervention. . . . .E960-E978

ChronicobetrJctivepulmonatydiseases

and alliedconditions . . . . . . . . .480498

Pneumoniaend influenza . . . . . . . . 42+37

Allotharcauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Blackmale,65 yeareand over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DiSeeSeSOfheart . . . . . . .392-396,402,404-429

Malignantneoplaema,Includingneoplaamsof

IyrrrPhaticand hematopoietictissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovasculardiseaeee. . . . . . . . . .430438

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiieeees

andallied condtions. . . . . . . . . . ..4s0-486

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . ..480467

!llabetesmellii s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Acddenfa and adverseeffecia. . . . .E600-E949

Motorvehicleacddenta . . . . . . . .E8W-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effect s........ . .E800-E807,E826-E649

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Hypertensionwith or without rend

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401,403

Pdlothercause s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residuel

Blackfemale,all ages3

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof heart. . . . ...380-398.402.404429

Malignantneoplasms,including neoplesmsof

$mphaticend hematopoietictissues . ..140-208

Cerebrovasculardiseases. . . . . . . . . .430-438

Diabetesmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . .E800-E949

Motorvehicleaczidente . . . . . .E61O-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E80GE807,E826-E949

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...430-467

Certaincondfions originatingin the pennatal

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Homicideend legal intervention. , . . .E960-E978

Chronicobstructivepulmona~ diseases

and alliedcondiions . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

NephrM, nephroticsyndrome,and

nephrosie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

Alotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Raeidual

37,595

11,151

10,773

2,026

1,504

572

932

1,492

1,088

1,086

910

829

765

5,261

67,523

23,130

.19,298

5,009

2,498

2,473

1,634

1,305

348

957

1,152

966

570

9,268

122,194

36,560

25,827

9,677

5,250

3,651

1,434

2,217

3,434

2,801

2,330

2,195

2,017

26,452

1,797.9

533.3

515.2

96.9

71.9

27.4

44.6

71.4

52.5

51.9

43.5

39.6

36.6

285.1

6,676.1

2,355.4

1,965.2

510.1

254.4

251.8

186.8

132.9

35.4

97.5

117.3

98,4

58.0

945.8

744.5

235.0

157.4

59.0

32.0

22.2

6.7

13.5

20.9

17.1

14,2

13.4

12.3

161.2

Rank Cause of dea~, reca, sex and age (NinthRevision

orderl International CleeeW2ation of Dlseaaes,1975) Number Rata

,..

1

,,,

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

.,.

. . .

1

2

.,.

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Blackfemale, 1-4 yeara

AIIcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .Er300-E949

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All otheraddenta end adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E82&E949

Homicideand legal Intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Congenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human Immum%flclency virus

infection . . . . . . ..*044 . . . . ..*O42-*O44

Useesesof heart. . . . ...390-388.402.404429

Malignantneoplaems,including naoplaemsof

iyrnphaticend hematcpoietictiesues . ..140-208

Pneumoniaand Influenza. . . . . . . , . .4S0-487

Certainconditionsorfglnatlngin the pennetel

pericd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..78C-779

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28C-285

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

Allothercausaa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Blackfemale,5-14 years

Allcausea ... . . . . . . .. c...... . . . . . .

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All otheracddante and edvarse

effects ..,..... . ,E8W-E807,ES28-E948

Homicideand legal intetvanfbn. . . . .E26C-E978

Malignantnaoplaems,including neoplaemsof

lymphaticend hematopoiatictissues. ..140-208

Congenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseasesof heatt. . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

and alliedccmdtions . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

Humanimmuncdeficlencyvirus

itiect!!n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*O42-*C44

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-265

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...430-487

Cerebrovasculardiseases. . . . . . . . . .430-438

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Blackfemale, 15-24 years

Nlcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...!.

Homicideand legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E300-E949

Mot6r vehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

AJIothar am”dentaend adverse

Sffecre . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E946

Malignantnaopleams,including neoplaemsof

Jnnphalfcand hematopoletictissues . ..140-208

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Humanfmmunodeficiencyvirus

infacfkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Complicationsof pregnancy,childbirth,

and the puerpenum. . . . . . . . . . . . .630-678

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Cerabrovaaculardiseases. . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydseeees

end allied condition . . . . . . . . . . . .490-498

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...430-437

Allotherceuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Resldual

847’

2731

76

197

67

8C1

@l

43

36

26

18

15

10

203

697

231

120

111

76

70

38

35

23

18

17

14

10

165

1,938

577

367

286

101

138

104

99

47

44

36

33

27

466

70.8

22.8

6.4

16,5

7.3

6.7

4.1

4.0

3.2

2,2

*

*

17.;

25.8

8.5

4.4

4.1

2.8

2.6

1.4

1.3

0.9

*

*

*

*

6.1

72.6

21.6

13.8

10.0

3.8

5.2

3.9

3.7

1,8

1.6

1.3

1.2

lE

8eefootnotssat snd oftable,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 42, No. 2(S). August 31, 1993 ~31

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1991 -Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Rank Cause ofdedfr, race, sex, and age (NinthRav!sicn

orderl Intematfonal Ckc#iin of Diseases,1975) Number Rate

...

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

;

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

,..

7

8

9

10

...

Blackfemale,25-44 yeare

AIIC3US8S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignantneoplaame,Includingneopleemsof

tynphafic and ham.atopoiafistissues . ..140-208

D!seaeeeof heart. . . . . . .390-396,402,404-42S

Human immutmdefiiency virus

infectbn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*o42-*o44

Homicideand legal intmvention . . . . .E960-E976

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E60W94S

Motesvehicleaccidents. . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other acckknta and adverse

O’rrecle... . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E826-E843

Cerebwascu!ar dseaaea . . . . . . . . ..43O436

Chf’cdc Werdiseaseand ckrhoais. . . . . . . .57I

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Diabetesmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Sukdde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E99J-E959

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Blackfemale,4%54 yeas

Alcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignantneoplssms,including neoplaamsof

iynph~c and hematopoietb tissues . ..140-208

D-as of heart. . . . . . ,3W-3S6,402,4C442S

cerebmvssCUlardiseaeee. . . . . . . .. A3O-436

Diabafasmelliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2W

Chronicobsttucthmpulmorwy d~eaaee

5nd5mdmdii.. . . . . . . . . ..49o-4e6

Pcddente and adverseeffaris. . . . . .E80W848

Motorvehicleacddents, . . . . . . . .E61@E625

All other accidentsand adverse

Sffacre. . . . . . . . . . .E600+607,E826.E949

Chmnlc Ilvardlaeaeeand ckrhods. . . . . ...571

Pneurnonleand influerm . . . . . . . ...460-467

Ne@wftia,nephmtic syndrome,and

nephrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..56O-568

Humeri Immunodefidencyvirus

lnfec60n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2-*o44

A!lothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Reelduel

11,979

2,149

1,510

1,450

1,146

1,043

525

518

408

279

240

167

3,052

25,217

8,225

7,063

1,698

1,362

%!

244

326

416

326

317

4,06s

224.4

40.3

26.3

27.2

21.5

19.5

9.8

1:

7.6

5.2

4.5

3.1

57.2

970.3

316.5

27~.8

65.4

52.4

28.4

21.9

9.4

12.5

2U.9

16.0

12.5

12.2

157.3

Rank Cause ofdeatb, race, sex and age (NinthReviskm

order~ InternationalClaaeiii of Dseaeea,1975) Number Rata

...

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

. . .

. . .

10

. . .

Blackfemale,65 yearsend over

Aflcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D-es of heart. . . . . . .393-396,402#&42S

MalignantneopWns, indudiig neoplasm of

m-and hematopdatfcfkeuee. ..140-206

Cembrovesc&rdieeeeae . . . . . . . . ..43O-436

Dlabeteamdlttus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Pneurnunkand influerua . . . . . . . . ..4S&467

Nephritis,nephrofic.syrWome,and

naphmsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560-66S

Septicemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..@36

Chroi’itcOt@UCtiW @llOIIS1’y dlsaaeee

ardafliiconditione . . . . . . . . . . ..49o-4S6

AccMenteand aclmse effecfe. . . . . .EWMS4S

Motorveiniie acckienfs. . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

Aflother acddenta and adverse

. .E600-E607,E62GES49

~~~~”& &ti renal

. .401,4&3

~lotier~=~ ~.”; ;~~~.”.”~~~~. .Reeiduel

78,207

2s,692

15,196

7,38a

3,624

2,555

1,542

1,362

1,353

1,057

178

878

955

11,501

4,847.8

1@66.8

966.8

46s.7

230.5

162.5

98.1

86.6

86.1

672

11.4

55.9

60.8

731.6

lRenkbwd on number of dentin; aee TechnicalnOtSS.

Zlndudw ~a other than bleck and whita.

alndudm deathe under 1 yaar Of @9e,
32 ~ Monthly Wtal Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) o August 31, 1993 ~
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 33

l-lorl I-rel ol-imlltm IN I III*I

. .

. .

‘N Y

. .

. .

am

*N

. .

. .

. . :3 ‘

m-u- Nemmod’ma

Nf--W Commelnacom

b-N- 0. .-= t-y 0- 0- w- m --

@Y.- ul.- t&cu

C-J

CQm r-

. .

:~ I

. .

. .

au-l

. .

.W 04

. .

.0 . .

au

. .

. .

. .

:K 3

.m -

. . . . . . . 9.. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . q. . . .

. ...!! . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . :.

. . . . g.

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . .
Table 8. Death rates for 72 selected causes by age United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Ail Under 14 S-14 15-24 25-34

Classification of Diseases, 1975)

35-44 45-54 55%4 65-74

agesl

7S64

1 year2 yeara years

85 years

years years years years years years years and over

All causes................................

Shigellosis andamebiasis............... ..004,006

Certain other intestinal infections.......... ..007-009

Tuberculosis...................... ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system....... ...010-012

Other tuberculosis................. ...013-018

Whooping cough...................... ...033

Streptococcal sora throat, scarlatina,

anderysipelas.................... ...034-035

Meninaococcal infection................... ..036

Septicemia.......................... ...038

~e;t~lfsoliomyelitis..................... ...045

.055

Viralhepatitii: :::::::::::: :: :: :::: :::: ::.070

Syphilis......................... ...090-087

All other infectious and parasitic

di2.ea5eS. .001 -003,005,020-032,037,039--041,’042-’044,

046-054.056-086.071 -088.098-139

Malignant neoplasms, including r%oplasmsof

Iymphaticand hematopoietictissues...... ...140-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

and pharynx.................... ...140-149

Matignant neoplasms of digestive organs

and peritoneum.................. ...150-159

Malignant neoplasms of respiretory and

intrathoracicorgans................. .160-165

Malignant neoplaam ofbreast.......... ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgenital organs...... .17%187

Malignantneoplasms ofurinaryorgans.... ...186-189

Malignantneoplasms ofallotherand

unspec”fledsites............ ..170-173.180-199

Leukemia....................... ...204-206

Other malignant naoplasms of lymphatic

andhemeto~ietic tiaaues............. .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasma

ofuncertain behavior andofunspecifiad nature ..210-239

~abetesm el~ius....................... ..25o

Nutrithnaldeficiencies................ ...280-269

Anemias......................... ...280-285

Meningitis......................... ..32N22

Majorcardiovasculardiseasea........... ...390-446

Oiseases ofheart......... ...390-398.402.404429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .380-S98

Hypertensive heart disease............. ...402

Hypertensive heart andrenaldiseaae....... ...404

Ischemic heart disease............. ...410414

Acute myocsrdial infarction............ ...410

Other acute and subacute forma of

ischemic heart disease................ .411

Angina psctons................... ...413

Old myocerdial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disease...... .412,414

Other diseases ofendocardium.......... ...424

All other forms of heart

diseeee................. ..4l5-423.42H29

Hvoertension with orwithout renal diseeae.. ...401.403

C%brovasculardi seases.............. .4&K36

Intracerebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage................... ...431-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

occlusion ofcerebral arteries........ .4S4.0,434.9

860.3* M

0.5

0.2*

0.;

7.8

0.;

0.7

0.0

14.4

204.1

3.3

48.3

59.1

17.4

23.4

8.4

24.6

7.5

12.2

1::

1.2

1.6

S6%:

265.9

2.4

8.5

1.0

192.5

83.3

1.3

0.4

97.5

5.4

76.1

2:

8.2

6.6

918.6

3.;*●●*

1.;

6.6●*

0.:

9.8

1.9●**●●*

k:

●

1.5

0.;

:;

22.0

17.6*●

0.;***

0.;

16.3

4.;

1.0

0.5

47.4*●****

0.;

0.:●*●

1.7

3.5*

0.2●●**

1.9

1.2●

0.:*

0.3

2:

2.2*******●*

2.!

0.4●*

23.6●*●●*●

0.;

0.1****

0.5

3.1●*●●

0.;

1.5

1.2

0.2

;:

*

;:

?8**●******

0.7

0.;

0.1*

100.1*

0.;●*●

0.;

0.2●

0.;●

2.0

5.0●

0.3

0.1

0.;

0.1

1.9

1.3

0.9

::

0.;

::

2.7

0.1**

:$

**

0.1

0.1

2.1

0.:

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Cerebral embolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..434. I

Afl other and late effects of cerebrovascular

~se=es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

StIdCefIil!aIfeS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...441-448

Acutebmnchifisandbronchiofitis . . . . . . . . . . . . ...466

Pneumoniaand influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-487

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-486

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliidconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Brontiiis, chronic and unspecified . . . . . . ...490-491

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...492

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493

Ofher chronic obskucfive pulmonary diseases

andalliedconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...494-496

Ukerofstomach and duodenum . . . . . . . . . ..531-533

Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obstntctionwifhoutmentionof hernia. . . . . .550-553,560

Chronic liierdisease and cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 I

Cho[efiihiaeis and other disorders of

gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1.....574-575

Nephriis, nephroticsyndrome, andnephrosis . ...580-589

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-581

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, not specified as acute or chronic,

endrenal sclerosis, unspecified . . . . . ...562-583.587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kidney of

unknowrrceuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584-586,588-58g

Infacfionsofkidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5g0

Hyperplasfaofprosfete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-676

Pregnarrcywithabortiieoutcome.. . . . . . . ...630-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...640-676

Cortgenitalanomafies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Certain mrrdifions originating in the perinatal

vtiod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

8irth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

eephyia, andrespiretory distress syndrome. . .767-769

Other conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-766,770-779

Symptoms, signs, andill-defirted concfklons . . ...780-799

Aftotherdiseaees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Resldua[

~dentsand advemeeffecfs . . . . . . . . . . . .ixroo-Eg4g

Motorvefricta accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

Afl other accidents and adverse

effSCtS.. . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .E80CI.E81J7,13126-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E950-E959

Hrxrricideand legalinterventicm . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Aflotherextamal causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E98&E999

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lFgurea forage notstatedincludedin All ages but not distributed among age groups.

%eaUr rates under1 year (based on population estimates) dfier from infant MOM~ rates (based on live bhths~ see tables E and 22-26 for infant mortafity rates and Tschrkal notes for further discussionofthe dflererrce.

- I

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NOlEOatafor*042-*M4 Humarrimmunodeficien cyvlnx+ (HIVjlnfection areshowr inaseparate table. II

u

Crt
Table 9. Deaths from 72 selected causes by race and sex: United States, 1991

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-f-death codes, see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Both Both

Classification of Diseases, 1975) Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Al[ causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andemebiasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..004,006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . . ..007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis of respiratory system. . . . . . . . ..010-012

Other tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..013418

Whoopingcough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptococcel sore throat, scerlatina,

anderysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcal infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Acute poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Viral hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Swifts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..09LL097

All other infectious and parasitic

diseases. .001 -O03,005,020-032,037,039–041,*042-*044,

048-054,056-088,071 -088,096-139

Matignant neoplasms, including neoplasm of

lymphaticand hematopoietictissues . . . . . . . ..140-208

Malignantneoplasms offip,orelcavity,

andpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

and peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Matignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracicorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16C-165

Mafignantneoplasm ofbreast. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignentneoplasms ofgenitetorgans . . . . ...178-187

Ma~gnantneoplasms ofurinaryorgans. . . . . ..18S-189

Malignant naopfasms of all other and

unspecified sites . . . . . . . . . . . ...170-173.190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Othermalignent neoplasms offymphatic

andhematopoietictissues . . . . . . . . . . . . ..200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncartain behavior and of unspecified nature . .210-239

Diabetesmelliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional defciencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..320=322

Majorcardbvasculardiseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-448

Diseases ofheart . . . . . . . . . . . .391X398.402.404-429

Rheumatic fever anddreumatic heart dfsease. .390-398

Hypertensive heartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

fschemic heartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myocardial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemic heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Anginapectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . .412,414

Offrerdiseasesofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

Allotherformsofheert

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415-423,425-429

Hypertension withorwfihout renal diseaee. . ...401.403

Cerebmvascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Intrecerebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...431432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

occlusion ofcerebral arteries . . . . . . . . .434.0,434.9

2,169,518

15

469

1,713

1,310

403

—

19:

19,691

1

1,8::

93

36,346

514,657

8,278

121,781

149,119

43,849

58,944

21,180

61,916

18,945

30,645

6,994

48,951

2,991

4,121

887

916,342

720,862

5,951

21,385

2,445

4S5,438

235,255

3,300

1,064

245,819

13,727

191,936

9,524

143,461

20,8s1

16,699

1,121,665

2;;

1,048

641

207

—

10:

6,610

1

1,1::

52

29,914

272,380

5,464

64,324

95,676

266

34,156

13,468

33,047

10,194

15,783

3,179

21,096

1,085

1,758

442

441,689

359,814

1,786

8,995

996

249,736

126,144

1,941

440

121,211

5,629

92,472

3,956

56,714

9,430

6,577

1,047,853

25:

665

469

196

1

11,0::

7{

6,432

242,277

2,814

57,457

53,443

43,583

24,786

7,712

28,889

8,751

14,S82

3,815

27,855

1,906

2,383

445

474,653

361,048

4,165

12,370

1,449

235,702

109,111

1,359

624

124,608

7,898

99,464

5,568

86,767

11,251

10,122

1,868,904

3:;

978

754

224

16:

15,884

1

1,4:;

44

25,047

449,508

6,830

104,449

131,320

38,478

49,792

19,150

55,199

17,064

27,224

6,136

39,800

2,558

3,180

618

806,302

836,805

5,426

15,409

1,714

439,156

212,058

2,807

956

223,335

12,746

162,354

7,180

123,720

16,768

14,656

956,497

1:;

593

474

119

4

6,8%

1

93:

27

21,318

236,409

4,405

54,994

83,342

28,%

12,300

29,470

9,165

14,013

2,783

17,473

868

1,305

306

387,808

317,642

1,807

6,218

682

226,884

114,431

1,654

402

110,197

5,361

77,090

2,938

47,839

7,421

5,838

912,407

20:

385

280

105

—

1

9,0%

5:;

17

3,729

213,097

2,425

49,455

47,978

38,250

21,300

6,850

25,729

7,899

13,211

3,353

.22,127

1,690

1,875

312

418,494

319,163

3,819

9,191

1,032

212,472

97,627

1,153

554

113,138

7,365

85,284

4,222

75,881

9,347

9,018

300,614

10:

735

556

179

3,8%

i

353

49

11,299

65,151

1,448

17,332

17,799

5,371

9,152

2,030

6,717

1,881

3,421

858

9,351

433

941

269

110,040

84,057

525

5,956

731

46,282

23,197

493

108

22,484

981

29,582

2,364

19,761

3,913

2,043

165,166

5;

455

367

68

1,7;:

7

202

25

8,596

35,971

1,059

9,330

12,334

5,6%

1,168

3,577

1,029

1,770

396

3,623

217

453

136

53,881

42,172

179

2,777

314

23,052

11,713

287

38

11,014

468

15,382

1,018

8,875

2,009

939

135,446

1

2%

189

91

—

2,0::

;

151

24

2,703

29,180

389

8,002

5,465

5,333

3,486

862

3,140

852

1,651

462

5,728

216

488

133

56,159

41,885

3,::

417

23,230

11,484

206

70

11,470

513

14,200

1,346

lQ,&f6

1,904

1,104

269,525

2

6%?I

467

152

3,5:;

7

221

46

10,869

57,921

1,274

14,951

16,057

4,843

8,442

1,816

5,903

1,609

3,024

777

8,517

393

883

245

99,043

76,014

413

5,839

695

41,154

20,654

450

98

19,952

856

27,255

2,224

17269 -., ---

3,242

1,846

147,331

1

53

390

319

71

1=

1,656

7

124

24

8,273

32,094

933

7,957

11,181

5,3%

1,049

3,170

869

1,547

354

3,267

193

420

123

47,654

37,454

138

2,635

298

19,966

10,158

259

32

9,517

398

14,019

945

7,685

1,654

831

122,194

1

22;

146

81

1,8;:

i

;:

2,616

25,827

341

6,994

4,876

4,809

3,086

769

2,733

740

1,477

423

5,250

200

463

122

51,389

38,560

275

3,004

397

21,188

10,496

191

66

10,435

460

13,236

1,279

9,677

1,588

1,015
Cerebral embolism

................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

dkeaSes................. .430,433,435-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseaees of arteries, arterioles,

andcapillaries.................... ..441+48

Acute bronchitis andbronchiolitis............ ...466

Pneumoniaand influenza.............. ...480-487

f%WMOrria,..................... ...480-486

Influenza.......................... ...467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedconditions................. ..490-4g6

13ronchkis, chronic and unspecified...... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions................ ..49@t96

Ulcerofstomech and duodenum........... .531-533

Appendicitis..................... ...5454343

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obstruction without mention of hernia..... .550-553,5rYl

Chronic liver diseaae andcirrhosls........... ...571

Cholelitfriasis and other disorders of

gallbladder....................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ..580-589

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...580-581

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, notepecified asacute or chronic,

andrenalaclerosis, unspecified....... .562–563,587

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kidney of

unknown cause.............. .584-586,588-58g

infections of kidney...................... ..59o

Hyperplasia of prostate................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium................. ...630-676

Pregnancy with abortiie outcome........ ...630-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...840-676

Congenital anomalies................ ...740-759

Certain cuncfitions originating in the perlnatal

period......................... ...760-779

Birth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespirato~ distress syndrome.. .767-769

Other conditions originating in the perinatel

period................... ..76o-766.77o-77g

Symptoms, signe, andill-defined renditions.. ...780-799

All other diseases.................... .. Residual

Accidente and adverse effects........... .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents.............. ,E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

dhk................ .E800-E807,E826-E949

Suicide......................... .. E950-E959

Homicide and legal intervention.......... .E960-E978

Another external causes............... .E98C-E999

633

105,468

17,420

25,055

633

77,860

76,723

1,137

90,650

3,727

16,436

5,108

65,381

6,117

389

6,106

25,429

2,881

21,360

320

1,512

19,528

1,219

428

323

54

269

12,599

16,781

3,417

13,364

24,342

177,673

89,347

43,536

45,811

30,610

26,513

2,517

229

40,478

6,636

14,569

288

36,214

35,781

433

50,485

1,957

9,531

1,927

37,070

2,928

207

2,244

16,269

1,246

10,418

154

758

9,506

327

428 . .

.

...

...

6,800

9,561

2,059

7,502

13,407

61,062

59,730

29,947

29,763

24,769

20,768

1,765

404

64,990

10,784

10,466

345

41,846

40,942

704

40,165

1,770

6,905

3,179

28,311

3,189

182

3,862

9,160

1,635

10,942

166

754

10,022

892 . .

.

323

54

269

5,799

7,220

1,356

5,862

10,935

96,791

29,617

13,589

16,028

6,041

5,745

752

573

91,723

15,981

22,636

560

69,276

66,207

1,069

83,951

3,459

15,539

3,915

61,036

5,456

321

5,296

21,386

2,562

17,165

259

1,199

15,707

1,041

372

187

25

162

9,978

9,889

2,182

7,707

18,499

153,917

74,413

36,851

37,562

27,996

12,762

1,951

204

34,576

6,033

13,356

246

31,589

31,167

402

46,316

1,801

8,904

1,386

34,223

2,558

163

1,868

13,789

1,122

8,403

129

605

7,669

274

372 . .

.

...

...

5,378

5,654

1,334

4,320

10,069

69,183

49,212

25,183

24,029

22,452

9,581

1,366

369

57,147

9,948

9,280

312

37,687

37,020

667

37,635

1,658

6,635

2,527

26,615

2,898

158

3,428

7,597

1,440

8,762

130

594

8,038

767 . .

.

187

25

162

4,600

4,235

848

3,387

8,430

84,734

25,201

11,668

13,533

5,544

3,201

585

60

13,745

1,439

2,419

73

8,584

8,516

aa

6,699

266

897

1,191

4,343

661

68

810

4,043

319

4,195

61

313

3,821

178

56

136

29

107

2,621

6,892

1,235

5,657

5,843

23,956

14,934

6,685

8,249

2,814

13,731

566

25

5,902

603

1,213

40

4,625

4,594

31

4,169

156

627

539

2,847

370

44

376

2,480

124

2,015

25

153

1,837

53

56 .. . .. .

1,422

3,907

725

3,182

3,338

11,899

10,518

4,7r34

5,754

2,317

11,187

399

35

7,643

836

1,206

3,9:

3,922

37

2,530

112

270

652

1,496

291

24

434

1,563

195

2,180

36

160

1,964

125 . . .

136

29

107

1,199

2,965

610

2,475

2,505

12,057

4,416

1,921

2,495

497

2,544

167

53

12,221

1,306

2,137

57

7,372

7,320

52

5,816

224

772

1,043

3,777

547

65

753

3,464

260

3,866

59

285

3,522

161

50

125

27

98

2,202

6,512

1,167

5,345

5,306

21,709

12,472

5,205

7,267

2,097

12,958

506

23

5,177

543

1,027

31

3,938

3,915

23

3,621

135

536

472

2,478

302

42

347

2,137

92

1,849

25

136

1,688

50

50

...

...

...

1,206

3,711

686

3,025

3,020

10,702

8,821

3,771

5,050

1,782

10,626

360

30

7,044

763

1,110

26

3,434

3,405

29

2,195

89

236

571

ga

1,299

5

245c

23S~

406~

1,327

s

166E

2,017$

34gao

149:s

1,834Y

111

“k

...

z

125

p

27Mg

98

996:c

2,801~

rn

481~A

2,320 “~

2,286W

11,007&

3,651

1,434

2,217

315

2,330

146

NOTE Oafe for ‘042-’044 Human immunodeficlency virus (HW infacfion are shown ina separate table.
..-,. .- .- - ., .–—.– -- ., –-.. . .. .. . . . . . . . u

I ame IU. ueam raIes ror {Z seleclea causes Dy race ana sex umtect states, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

All other

A// races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Both Both

Classification of Diseases, 1975) Male

f30th E?oth

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andemebiasis. . . . . . . , . . , . .004,006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . . .007+09

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system. . . . . . ...010-012

Othertuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...013-018

Whooping Cough . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,.........033

StreDtococcal sore throat. scarlatina.

anderysipelas . . . ...”.... .. ; . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . ..038

iJce.ltltlfsoliom~eiit&” :::::::::: :: :: :::: :::: ..045

.055

Viral hepat&+:::: :::::::: ::::::::::::::: .070

Syphili s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-097

A~ other infectious and parasitic

diseases. .001 -003,005,020-032,037,039-041,’042-’044,

046-054,056466,071 +88,096-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . ..140-208

Malignant neoplasme of lip, oral cavity,

andohawnx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

andpe~toneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracicorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Malignantneoplasm ofbreaet. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Matignantneoplasms ofgenital organs. . . . ...178-187

Malignant neoplasms ofurinaryorgans. . . . ...186-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sitee . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopaietictissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in eftu, and naoplasms

of uncertain behavior andof unspecified nature . .210-239

Diabetesmelliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..320+22

Majorcardiovasculardiseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-448

Diseasesofheart. . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Rheumatic fevarand rheumatic heart disease. .390-398

Hypertensive heartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hy extensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Isc{ emicheartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myocerdial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemic heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Anginapectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old mvocardial infarction and other forms

ofch’mnic ischemic heart dfsease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseasee ofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

Allotherforms ofheart disease. . ...415-423.425-429

Hypertension with orwithout renal diseaee. . ...401.403

Cerebrovasculardiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Intracerebral and other intrecrarria!

hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...431-432

Cerebral thrombosle and unspecified

occlusion ofcerebralarteriee . . . . . . . . .434.0,434.9

860.3

0.:

0.7

0.5

0.2

●

0.;

7.8

0!;

0.7

0.0

14.4

204.1

3.3

48.3

59.1

17.4

23.4

8.4

24.6

7.5

12.2

2.8

19.4

1,2

K

363.4

285.9

::

19E

93.3

1.3

0.4

97.5

7?:

3.8

56.9

8.2

6.6

912.1

0.;

0.9

0.7

0.2

*

o.;

7.0

,

0.:

0.0

24.3

221.5

4.4

52.3

77.8

2::

11.0

26.9

8.3

12.8

1%

0.9

;:

359.2

292.6

;:

20:!

102.6

;:

98.6

4.7

75.2

4%

7.7

5.3

811.0

0.;

0.5

0.4

0.2

●

0.;

8.6

●

0.;

0.0

5.0

187.5

2.2

44.5

41.4

33.7

19.2

6.0

22.3

6.8

11.5

3.0

21.6

1.5

::

367.4

279.5

3.2

9.8

18~]

84.5

1.1

0.5

96.4

7%

6%

8.7

7.8

886.2

0.:

0.5

0.4

0.1*

0.;

7.5

●

0.;

0.0

11.9

213.1

3.2

49.5

62.3

18.2

23.6

9.1

26.2

8.1

12.9

1::

1.2

?3

382.3

301.9

?:

0.8

208.2

100.5

::

105.9

6.0

77.0

5:;

8.0

6.9

926.2

0.;

0.6

0.5

0.1

●

0.;

6.6

*

*

::

20.6

228.9

4.3

53.3

80.7

2%

11.9

28.5

8.9

13.6

1%3

0.8

1.3

37::

307.6

k:

21$:

110.8

1.6

0.4

106.7

7:;

4::

7.2

5.5

847.7

0.;

0.4

0.3

0.1

●

0.:

8.4

●

0.;

*

3.5

198.0

2.3

45.9

44.6

35.5

19.8

6.4

23.9

7.3

12.3

3.1

20.6

;:;

38;:

296.5

3.5

8.5

19}:

90.7

k:

105.1

7:;

7:;

8.7

8.4

728.3

0.;

1.8

k:

*

0.:

9.2*

0.;

0.1

27.4

157.8

3.5

42.0

43.1

13.0

22.2

4.9

16.3

4.6

8.3

2;

::

0.7

268.6

203.6

1::

11::

56.2

rE

54.5

7:$

4X

9.5

4.9

837.9

0.;

2.3

1.9

0.4

●

●

9.;

*

●

1.0

0.1

43.6

182.5

5.4

47.3

62.6

2:.?

5.9

18.1

5.2

9.0

2.0

18.4

U

0.7

273.4

214.0

0.9

14.1

11$:

59.4

1.5

0.2

55.9

72:

5.2

45.0

10.2

4.8

628.1

0.;

1.3

0.9

0.4

●

●

9.;*

0.;

0.1

12.5

135.3

1.8

37.1

25.3

24.7

16.2

4.0

14.6

4.0

7.7

2;;

1.0

2.3

26;:

194.2

1U

1.9

107.7

53.3

k:

53.2

8%:

5::

8.8

5.1

864.9

0.:

2.0

1.5

0.5*

●

1:;

●

0.;

0.2

34.9

185.9

4.1

46.0

51.5

15.5

27.1

5.8

18.9

5.2

9.7

2%

Et

0.8

317.8

243.9

1;?

13;?

66.3

1.4

0.3

64.0

8;!

5:;

10.4

5.9

998.7

0.:

2.6

2.2

0.5

*

●

11.;

●

0.:

0.2

56.1

217.5

6.3

53.9

75.8

3%

7.1

21.5

5.9

10.5

2:;

1.3

2.8

32;;

253.9

1%

13::

68.9

k:

64.5

9$:

5::

11.2

5.6

744.5

0.;

1.4

0.9

0.5

●

●

●

11.4

●

●

$?

15.9

157.4

2.1

42.6

28.7

29.3

18.8

4.7

16.7

4.5

9.0

3::

k:

0.7

313.1

235.0

1.7

18.3

12$:

64.0

1.2

0.4

83.6

G:

7.8

59.0

9.7

6.2
Cerebral embolism

................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovaccxdar

diseases................ ..43O.433.435+38

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andcapillariee................... ...441448

Acute bronchitis andbronchiotiiis............ ...466

Pneumonlaand influenza.............. ...480487

Pneumonia...................... ...480-486

Influenza.......................... ...487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andaliiedconditions................ ...490-496

Btunchitis, chronic andunspecifiad...... ...490491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obslructiie pulmonay diseases

and allied conditions............... ...494-496

Ulcer ofstomach andduodenum........... .531–533

Appendicitis....................... ..540–54s

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obstruction without mention of hernia..... .550-553,560

Chronlo liver disease andcirhosis........... ...571

Cholelithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephrotio syndrome, andnephrosis. ...580-589

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...560-581

Chronic glomarulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, notspacified asacute or chronic,

and renal sclerosis, unspecified....... .562-583,567

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kdney of

unknown cause.............. .584-586,588-589

Infectionsofkidney..................... ...590

Hyperplasiaofprostate................... ...600

Complicationsofpregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium................. ...830-676

Pregnancywith abortiieoutcome........ ...630-838

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................ ...740-759

Cartain conditions originating in the perinatal

period...................

...... ...760-779

Birth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress syndrome. ..767-769

Other conditions originating in the perinatal

period.................... .760-766,770-779

Symptoms, signs, andill-defined conditions.. ...780-799

Allotherdiseases.................... ..Residual

Accidanfa andadvereeeffects.......... ..E600-E949

Motorvehicle aocidenta.............. .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects................ .E800-E807,E826-E949

Suicide......................... .. E95GE959

Homlclde and legal intervention.......... .E960-E976

Aliother external oauees............... .E960-E999

0.3

41.8

6.9

9.9

0.3

30.9

30.4

0.5

35.9

1.5

6.5

2.0

25.9

2.4

0.2

2.4

10.1

1.1

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.7

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.0

6.7

1.4

5.3

9.7

70,5

35.4

17.3

18.2

12.2

10.5

1.0

0.2

32,9

5.4

11.8

0.2

29.4

29.1

0.4

41.1

1.6

7.8

1.6

30.1

2.4

0.2

1.8

13.2

1.0

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.7

0.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

5.5

7,8

1.7

6.1

10.9

65.9

48.6

24.4

24.2

20.1

16.9

1.4

0.3

50.3

8.3

8.1

0.3

32.2

31.7

0.5

31.1

1.4

5.3

2.5

21.9

2.5

0.1

3.0

7.1

1.3

8.5

0.1

0.6

7.8

0.7 . . .

0.3

0.0

0.2

4.5

5.6

1.1

4.5

7;:

22.9

10.5

12.4

4.7

4.4

0.6

0.3

43.5

7.6

10.7

0.3

32.8

32.3

0.5

39.8

1.6

7.4

1.9

28.9

2.6

0.2

2.5

10.1

1.2

8.1

0.1

0.6

7.4

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.7

4,7

1.0

3.7

8.8

73.0

35.3

17.5

17.8

13.3

6.1

0.9

0.2

33.5

5.8

12.9

0.2

30.6

30.2

0.4

44.9

1.7

8.6

1.3

33.1

2.5

0.2

1.8

13.4

1.1

6.1

0.1

0.6

;:

0.4 . . . . . . . . .

5.2

5.5

1.3

4.2

9.6

67.0

47,7

24.4

23.3

21.7

9.3

1.3

0.3

53.1

9.2

8.6

0.3

35.0

34.4

0.6

35,0

1.5

6.2

2.3

24.9

2.7

0.1

3.2

7.1

1.3

8.1

0,1

0.6

7.5

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.2

4.3

3.9

0.8

3.1

7.8

78.7

23.4

10.8

12.6

5.2

3.0

0.5

0.1

33.3

3.5

5.9

0.2

20.8

20.6

0.2

16.2

0.8

2.2

2,9

10.5

?2

2.0

9.8

0.8

10.2

0.1

0.8

9.3

0.4

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.3

6.3

16.7

3.0

13.7

14.2

58.0

36.2

16.2

20.0

3Y3

1.4

0.1

29.9

3.1

6.2

0.2

23.5

23.3

0.2

21,2

0.8

3.2

2.1

14.4

1.9

0.2

1.9

12.6

0.6

10.2

0.1

0.8

9.3

0.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

7.2

19.6

3.7

16,1

16.9

80.4

53.4

24.2

29.2

11.6

56.8

2,0

0.2

36.4

3.9

5.6

0.2

18.4

18.2

0.2

11.7

0.5

1.3

3.0

8.9

1.3

0.1

2.0

7.2

0.9

10.1

0.2

0.7

9.2

0.6 . . .

0.6

0.1

::

13.8

2.4

11.5

11.6

55.9

20.5

8.9

11.6

2.3

11.8

0.8

0.2

39.2

4.2

6.9

0.2

23.7

23.5

0.2

18.7

0.7

2.5

3.3

12.1

1.8

0.2

2.4

11.1

0.6

12.4

0.2

0.9

11.3

0.5

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.3

7.1

20.9

3.7

17.2

17.0

69.7

40.0

16.7

23.3

6.7

41.6

1.8

0.2

35.1

3.7

7.0

0.2

26.7

26.5

0.2

24.5

0.9

3.6

3.2

16.8

2.0

0.3

2.4

14.5

0.6

12.5

0.2

0.9

11.4

0.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

6.2

25,2

4.6

20.5

20.5

72.5

59.8

25,6

34.2

12.1

72.0

2.4

0.2

42.9

4.6

6.8

0.2

20.9

20.7

0.2

13.4

0.5

1.4

3.5

2.5

8.1

1.0

12.3

0.2

0.9

11.2

0.7 . . .

0.8

0.2

17.1

2.9

14.1

13.9

67.1

22,2

8.7

13.5

1.9

14.2

0.9

NOTEOa!afor

●042-*644Humanimmunodeficiencyvirusfl-1~ Infectkmare shown ina separate table. I6sw
TabIell. Age-adjusted death rates for72selected causes byraceand sex United States, 1991

[Age-adjustedratesper 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Cause of cfeatfr (Ninth Revision International Both Both

Classification of Diseases, 1975) Male

Both

sexes Female Ma/e

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

All Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andemebiasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . ...007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis ofresgiratow svstem. . . . . . . . ..010-012

Othertuberculosis ~.. .~.~.. . . . . . . . . ...013418

Whmpingcough . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ..o33

Strsptceoccal sore throat, scadatina,

anderysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Merringocaccalinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

~cu;ule~liomyelifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

.055

Viralhep~~ti&: :::::::::::: :: :: :::: :::: ::.o7o

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-097

All other infectious and parasitic

diseases. .001-003,005,020-032,037,039-041,’042-’044,

046-054,058-066,071 -066,098-1 39

Matignant neoplaems, including neoplasms of

Iymphaficand hematopoietictissues . . . . . . . ..140-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavily,

andpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

andoeritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Ma~g~ant neoplasms of respiratory and

intr=thoracicorgans . . . .’. . . .. . . . . . . .

Malignant neoolasmof breast. . . . . . . . . .

Mali@ant neoplasms ofgenitsl organs. . . .

Malignant neoplasms ofurirrary organa. . . .

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecifiedaites . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ofher makrnant neotiasms of [VMDhdiC

..160-165

..174-175

..179-167

..188-189

73,190-199

..204-208

andhem~topoietic tissues . . .. .“. . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasme, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior andofunsDecified nature . .210-239

Oiabetesmelliius . . . . . . . ...”. . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Fh.rtrifkma ldeficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..320+322

Majorcardiovasculardiseaaes. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-448

Oiseaaesofheart . . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatlc heart disease. .390-398

Hypertensive heartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart andrenel disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemicheartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myacardial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemic heartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411

Anginapectork+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myacardial infarction and ather forme

ofchronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseases ofendocardium . . . . . . . . . . ...424

All other forms of heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415-423,42$429

Hypertension with orwithout renal disease. . ...401.403

Cerebrovascularaiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430-438

lntracerebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...431-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

occlusion ofcerebral arteries . . . . . . . . .434.0,434.9

Cerebralembolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...434.1

513.7

o.;

0.5

0.4

0.1

●

o.;

4.1

0.;

0.6

0.0

13.3

134.5

2.4

29.9

41.1

12.4

13.6

5.1

17.0

5.0

7.9

1;::

0.5

0.9

18~

148.2

:;

9::

51.5

0.8

0.2

46.6

2.5

39.9

1.9

26.8

5.1

2.9

0.1

669.9

0.;

0.7

0.5

0.1*

0.;

4.7

●

0.:

0.0

22.8

165.0

3.7

38.7

60.1

1!:

7.8

21.4

6.3

9.8

1.9

12.6

0.5

;:

243.6

201.0

$:

13::;

72.5

1.2

0.2

64.7

3.0

52.2

2.2

29.4’

5.8

3.3

0.1

386.5

0.;

0.3

0.2

0.1*

0.;

3.6

●

0.:

0.0

4.2

112.6

1.3

23.0

26.5

22.7

12.2

3.1

13.6

3.9

6.4

1!:?

0.4

0.6

13:::

106.3

::

2:

34.8

0.5

0.2

32.6

2.2

29.9

22;

4.5

2.6

0.1

486.8

0.;

0.3

0.2

0.1

●

*

!::

*

0.;

0.0

10.7

131,3

2.1

28.4

40.5

12.2

12.8

5.2

17.2

5.0

7.9

1k:

0.4

0.7

17%

143.1

:::

0.3

96.8

51.4

0.6

0.2

46.4

2.5

36.5

1.5

24.7

4.3

2.8

0.1

634.4

o.;

0.4

N

●

o.;

4.1

*

*

k:

19.0

159.5

3.2

36.7

58.1

1%

8.0

21.5

6.3

9.8

1;::

0.4

0.7

23;;

196.1

:;

13:;

73.2

E

65.1

3.0

47.9

2;:

4.9

3.1

0,1

366.3

0.;

0.2

0.1

0.1

●

0.;

3.1

●

0.:

●

2.6

111.2

1.2

21.8

26.8

22.5

11.8

3.1

13.7

4.0

6.4

;:

0.4

0.6

13::

100.7

1.7

3.0

6$2

34.0

0.4

0.2

31.8

2.2

27.1

22;

3.9

2.5

0.1

672.8

0.;

1.8

1.3

0.4*

●

::

●

0.;

0.1

27.3

156.7

3.9

40.8

45.2

13.5

20.0

4.7

16.1

4.4

8.1

2::?

0.7

2.1

23;;

182.2

1:::

9;:

51.1

1.1

0.2

46.6

2.1

64.5

5.2

<1.7

9.6

&

890.2

0.;

2.6

2.1

0.5

*

*

9.;

*

●

k;

44.9

207.4

6.6

54.1

74.1

2:;

6.6

20.7

5.6

10.1

2.2

20.6

1.0

2.3

29?;

234.0

1;:

1.7

127.6

65.8

E!

60.0

2.5

85.0

42;

11.8

5.1

0.2

502.1

0.;

::

0.4

●

●

6.;

●

0.;

0.1

12.1

121.2

1.7

30.9

23.9

23.8

14.8

3.3

12.7

3.5

6.6

22:

0.6

;:

191.4

143.1

Ii::

7;:

40.1

0.8

0.2

36.5

1.7

49.0

4.8

36.9

7.9

3.5

0.1

780.7

0.;

2.0

1.5

0.5*

0.;

9.5

●

0.;

0.1

35.5

179.3

4.5

45.0

52.9

15.8

23.3

5.3

18.3

4.8

9.2

2;;

0.8

2.5

27;;

210.9

1;;

IIN

57.9

;:

52.5

2.4

76.4

6.3

46.8

10.5

4.8

0.2

1,048.8

●

:::

2.5

0.5

●

●

●

11.6

●

0.;

0.2

58.9

242.4

7.8

60.6

88.4

3:;

7.7

24.2

6.3

11.6

2.6

24.6

N

34:!

272.7

2;;

2.2

144.5

74.6

1.9

0.2

67.8

2.6

101.9

6.9

54.9

13.0

5.8

0.2

575.1

0.;

;:

0.4

●

*

●

7.9

●

●

0.6

0.1

15.6

136.3

2.0

33.7

27.4

27.6

16.6

3.7

14.0

3.8

7.5

2.1

25.7

0.6

2.3

21::

165.5

1E

8;:;

45.8

0.9

0.3

41.4

2.0

57.7

4?:

8.6

4.0

0.1
All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

dfSeSSeS............... ...430.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis....................... ..44o

Other diseases of arteries, arterio[as,

andcepillanes.................... ..441+48

Acute bronchitis andbronchiolitis.............. .466

Pneumonia and influenza.............. ...480-487

f%fAMTIOrria. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4fjCI-4@j

Influenza.......................... ...437

Chronicobstructive pulmonary diseases

andalfiedconditions................ ...490-.496

Bronchfiis, chronic and unspecified..... ...490-491

Emphysema....................... ...492

Asthma.......................... ...493

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disaases

and allied conditions............... .494496

IJlcerofstomech and duodenum......... ...531-533

Appendicitis...................... ...540-543

Hemiaofabdominal cavityand intestinal

obstruction wilhout mention ofhem”a..... .550-553,560

Chronicliierdisaaaeandcirrhosis............. .57I

Cholelithiaais and other disorders of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ..580-589

Acute glomerulonephritfs and nephrotic

syndrome....................... ..560–581

Chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis and

nephropathy, notspecifiid aaacute or chronic,

andrenal sclerosis, unspecified....... .582-583,567

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and small kdney of

unknownceuse.............. .584-586,588-569

Infectionsofkidney..................... ...590

Hyperplasiaofprostate................... ...600

Complicationeofpregnancy, childbirth,

arrdthepuarparium................. ...630-676

Pregnanqwifh abortfveoutcome........ ...630-636

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium............... ...640-676

Congen”tilanomalies................ ...740-759

Certain condiions originating in the perfnatal

period......................... ...760-779

Elirthtrauma, intrauterine hypoxia,birth

asphyxia, andresplratory distress syndrome. ..767-769

Other conditions originating in the pennafal

period.................... .760-766,770-779

Symptoms, signs, andilktefined conditions... ..780-799

Allotherdiseaaes.................... ..Residual

Acoldents andadverseeffects........... .E800-E949

Motorvehfcfe aMidents.............. .E810-E625

Afiotheraccidents andadveme

effects................ .E600-E607,E826-E949

Suicide......................... ..E950-E959

Homicide and legal intervention......... ..E960-E976

Allotherextemaf ceuses............... .E980-E999

18.6

2.6

5.4

0.1

13.4

13.2

0.2

20.1

0.8

3.8

1.5

14.1

1.2

0.1

1.1

8.3

0.5

4.3

0.1

0.3

3.9

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.7

6.4

1.3

5.1

7.2

38.5

31.0

17.0

13.9

11.4

10.9

0.9

20.2

3.0

8.0

0.2

17.5

17.3

0.2

27.0

1.0

5.2

1.3

19.4

::

1.2

11.7

0.6

5.4

0.1

0.4

4.9

0.2

0.2 . .

.

...

...

5.1

7.2

1.5

5.6

9.1

45.9

45.3

24.1

21.2

16.8

17.3

1.4

17.5

2.2

3.5

0.1

10.6

10.4

0.2

15.5

0.6

2.8

1.6

10.5

1.0

0.1

1.1

5.2

0.5

3.5

0.0

0.3

3.2

0.3 . . .

0.2

0.0

0.2

4.3

5.7

1.1

4.6

5.3

32.5

17.2

10.1

7.2

4.3

4.5

0.5

17.4

2.6

5.4

0.1

12.8

12.5

0.2

20.6

0.6

4.0

1.2

14.5

1.2

0.1

1.0

7.8

0.5

3.7

0.0

0.3

3.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.6

4.9

1.1

3.6

8.2

36,2

30.3

17.2

13!0

12.1

6.2

0.9

18.7

3.0

6.2

0.1

16.6

16.4

0.2

27.4

1.0

5.4

1.0

19.9

1.5

0.1

1.0

11.2

0.6

4.7

0.1

0.3

4.3

0.2

0.2 . .

.

...

...

5.0

5.5

1.3

4.2

6.0

43.2

43.9

24.2

19.7

19.9

9.4

1.2

16.4

2.2

3.3

0.1

10.2

10.0

0.2

16.1

0.7

3.0

1.4

11.1

1.0

0.1

1.0

4.6

0.5

3.0

0.0

0.2

2.7

0.2 . .

.

0.2

0.0

0.2

4.2

4.3

0.9

3.4

4.5

30.6

17.0

10.4

6,6

4.8

3.0

0.5

27.8

2.5

5.3

0.1

16.8

16.7

0.1

15.2

0.6

2.1

3.0

9.5

1.5

0.1

1.6

10.7

0.6

8.8

0.1

0.6

8.0

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.3

5.0

11.7

2.1

9,6

11.9

52.1

35.3

16.3

19.0

3:;

1.3

31.2

3.0

6.7

0.2

23.2

23.1

0.2

22.8

0.9

3.5

3.0

15.4

2.1

0.2

1:::

0.6

10.6

0.1

0.6

9.7

0.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

5.4

13.0

2.4

10.6

15.1

63.6

54.3

24.7

29.7

12.1

56.7

2.0

25.3

2.3

4.3

0.1

12.2

12.1

0.1

10.1

0.4

1.1

3.0

5.6

1.1

0.1

1.4

7,3

0.7

7.4

0.1

0.6

6.7

0.4 . . .

0.6

0.1

0.5

4.5

10,2

1.8

8.5

9.1

43.2

16.7

8.9

9.8

2.3

11.5

0.7

31.4

2.9

6.0

0.1

18.7

18.5

0.1

17.1

0.6

2.3

3.5

10,6 f .6

0.2

1.9

12.3

0.7

10.3

0.2

0.7

9.4

0.4

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.3

5.5

14.8

2.7

12.1

14.2

61.1

38.9

16.8

22.0

6.9

41.9

1.6

35.8

3.5

7.4

0.2

26.2

26.0

0.1

25.9

1.0

3.9

3.5

17.5

2.2

0.3

2.3

17.4

0.6

12.8

0.2

0.9

11.7

0.3

0.3 . . . . . . . . .

6.2

16.6

3.1

13.6

16.4

75.9

61.0

26.2

34.6

12.5

72.5

2.4

28.3

2.5

5.0

0.1

13.5

13.4

0.1

11.3

0.4

1.2

3.5

=

6.2~

1.1

~

0.1<<

1.6S

8.2

GC

0.7 =.

8.62K

0.2@mG

0.60z●

7.8~

0.4 .- . . .

“s

0.6~

0.2“N

0.6

~

5.0●

12.9~c

2.2~

10.7~

10.8 “d

50.1g

19.9@

6.7

11.2

1.9

13.9

0.9 I

NOTE: Data rw ‘042-’044 Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus (HfV)infeclfon are shcwn ina sepwafe table. I
Table 12. Deaths and death rates from 16 selected subcategories of Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, by race and sex:

United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group]

All other

A// races White Total Black

Both Both

Cause of death (Ninth Revision Internstionsi Classification of Diseases, 1975)

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Feme/e sexes Male Femala

Malignant neoplssms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tk.SUeS1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150

Malignant neoplasm of stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...151

Malignant neoplaanrs of colon, rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and anus . . . . . . ..153,154

Malignant neoplasm ofancreae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157

Malignant neoplaamso f trachea, bronchus, and lung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Malignant melanoma of skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,..,.172

Malignant neoplasm ofcwixuteri.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..t80

Malignant neoplasms of Wyofuterus andof Merus, pafiunspecified . . . . . . ...179.182

Ma~gnantneoplasm of ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183.0

Malignantneoplasmof restate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Malignantneoplaarnof ~ladder.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188

Malignant neoplaama of Mdneyand other andunspecifled ufina~ organs. . . . . . . . . .189

Malignant neoplasm of brain andother unspecified pads ofnewous system. . . ...191.192

Hodgkin’sdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . .201

Malignant lymphomaother than Hodg~n;e”&;a&e ".".".". ".".".".".". ".".".". ".".".".".".".ZOO,ZO2

Multiple myelorneand other immunoproliferative neoplasms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..203

514,657

9,966

14,225

56,243

25,536

143,758

6,451

4,514

5,925

13,028

33,564

10,406

10,774

11,952

1,625

19,700

9,320

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140--208 204.1

Malignantneoplasmofesophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150 4.0

Malignantneoplaemofstomach.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...151

Maflgnant neoplasms ofmlon, re~m, redosigmoid junction, and anus . . . . . ...153.154 2:!

Maiignantneoplasmofpancreas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157 10.1

Malignantneoplasmaoftrachea,bronchus, and[ung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..162 57.0

Malignantmelanomaofskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172 2.6

Malignantneoplasmofcervixuteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...180

Malignant neoplasms of body ofutewa andofutems, patiunspecified. . . . . . ...179.162 E

Malignantneoplasmofovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...163.0

Malignantnaoplasmof restate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

E

1U

Malignantneoplasmof ladder.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188 4.1

Ma~gnantneoplasmsofkidneyand otherand unspacified unnaryorgans . . . . . . . . ..169 4.3

MahanantneoRlasm of bminand other unspecified Da~sofnewous svstem. . . ...191.192 4.7

Hod@kt’sdis6ase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . ..j201 0.6

Ma~gnantlymphomaotherthanHodgkin’s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200,202 7.6

Multiple myelomaand otherimmunoproliferative neoplaems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...203 3.7

272,360

7,427

8,569

27,773

12,375

91,690

4,017

. . .

. . .

. . .

33,564

7,027

6,441

6,431

926

10.157

221.5

6.0

7.0

22.6

10.1

74.6

3.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

27.3

U

5.2

0.8

:::

242,277

2,541

5,656

28,470

13,161

52,068

2,434

4,514

5,925

13,028

. . .

3,379

4,333

5,521

697

9,543

4,622

187.5

2.0

2::

10.2

40.3

;2

4.6

10.1

. . .

;!

:~

7.4

3.6

449,506 236,409

7,865

11,407

49,556

22,216

126,872

6,308

3,386

4,943

11,810

27,971

9,492

9,658

11,133

1,422

18,173

7,629

5,873

6,666

24,613

10,802

80,026

3,951

. . .

. . .

. .

27.971

6;517

5,783

6,002

606

9,336

3,671

213.1 226.9

3.7 5.7

2X 2::

10.5 10.5

60.2 77.5

3.8

. . .

. . .

. . .

27.1

::

5.8

0.8

9.0

3.7

Number

213,097

1,992

4.539

24;943

11,414

46,844

2,357

3,386

4,943

11,810

.

2,975

3,875

5,131

616

8,637

3,756

Rate

198.0

1.9

2.X

10.6

43.5

2.2

3.1

1::

. ..

2,8

3.6

4.8

0.6

:::

65,151

2,103

2,818

6,687

3,320

16,886

l,E

982

1,218

5,593

914

1,116

619

203

1,527

1,691

157.6

5.1

1U

4::

0.3

2.7

::

13.5

2.2

2.7

2.0

0.5

3.7

4.1

35,971

1,554

1,701

3,160

1,573

11,682

66

.

,..

5,593

510

658

429

122

821

627

182.5

7.9

1U

6.0

59.2

0.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

28,4

2.6

3.3

2.2

::

4.2

29,180

549

1,117

3,527

1,747

5,224

1,1;:

982

1,218

. . .

404

458

390

7:;

864

135.3

2.5

5.2

16.4

8.1

24.2

0.4

5.2

4.6

5.6

,..

$:

1.6

U

4.0

57,921 32,094

1,967 1,465

2,338 1,422

5,974 2,769

2,933 1,379

15,201 10,545

119

983 .!2

913 . . .

1,045

5,299 5,299

841 471

977 578

681 350

184 110

1,260 670

1,580 767

185.9 217.5

6.4 9.9

7.5 9.6

19.2 18.8

9.4 9.3

48.8 71.5

0.4 0.4

3.2 . . .

:: :::

17.0 35.9

2.7 3.2

3.1 3.9

2.2 2.4

0.6 0.7

4.0 4.5

5.1 5.2

25,827

522

916

3,205

1,554

4,656

9Z

913

1,045

. . .

370

399

331

5::

813

157.4

3.2

1U

2::

0.4

6.0

5.6

6.4

. . .

2.3

2.4

2.0

::

5.0

I Includesfiguresfor subcategoriesnotshown.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 43

Tabie13. Deaths and death ratea by lo-year age groups and age-adjusted death rates for Human Immunodeficiency virus infection, by

race and sex United States, 1990-91

[Age-specific rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population In specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; Human

Immunodeflclency virus infeotion deaths are those assigned to category numbers ●042-*044 introduced In the United States in 1987; see Technical notes]

Age

All

AgeUnder 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35+4 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-64

Year, race, and sex

85 yesra

ageal 1 year2

adjusted

yeara yeara years years years years yeara years yaars and over rste3

1991

Ali races . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White. . ., .,, . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,555

26,046

3,509

19,850

18,366

1,434

9,705

7,660

2,025

9,437

7,440

1,997

25,186

22,386

2,602

17,255

16,106

1,149

7,933

6,280

1,653

7,730

6,097

1,633

11.7

21.2

2.7

9.4

17,8

2i:

39.0

3::

50.4

12.2

10.1

18,5

2.2

1::

1.1

19.8

32.9

7.9

25.4

42.3

10.2

91

44

47

21

12

9

%

%

z

106

46

56

30

18

%

30

46

76

30

46

2.3

2.1

2.4

0.7

*

*

7.7

EE

10.3

1::

2.7

;::

1.0

*

*

%

11.4

11.9

1::

155

74

:;

26

31

96

46

50

95

46

49

123

62

61

46

19

$

43

34

76

42

34

1.0

1.0

k:

E

::

3.2

3.9

3.8

4.1

::

0.8

0.4

0.:

;:

2.3

3.3

3.6

3.0

104

63

41

62

39

23

42

24

::

24

16

84

45

39

28

15

&

30

::

29

25

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

::

0.7

0.;

0.9

*

0.2

0.3

:?

*

*

:;

0.8

;:?

0.9

613

452

161

324

2:;

189

100

163

99

541

412

129

312

256

2%

156

73

153

73

;:

0.9

1.1

z

4.1

5.4

::

6.9

3.7

E

0.7

;:;

::

4.4

2.1

4.2

5.7

2.7

Number

9,486

6,209

1,279

6,315

5,763

532

3,173

2,426

747

3,080

2,342

736

8,483

7,433

1,050

5,619

5,196

423

2,864

2,237

627

2,802

2,180

622

12,259

11,054

1,205

6,249

7,765

484

4,010

3,269

721

3,907

3,195

712

10,265

9,284

981

7,080

6,716

364

3,185

2,568

617

3,100

2,493

607

Rate

22.1 31.2

38.3 56.9

6.0 6.1

17.8 24.9

32.3

3.0

42.6

68.6

19.2

55.8

90.0

46.9

6%;

114.3

21.9

86.5

152.7

25.3 28.4

19.7 27.4

34.5 50.2

1:; 2::

28.8 42.5

3Z 5:7

64.0 95.4

16.3 20.0

51.0 73.1

84.1 127.1

21.4 26.6

4,726

4,316

410

3,310

3,134

176

1,418

1,184

234

1,378

1,147

231

3,812

3,565

247

2,846

2,742

106

964

823

141

930

789

141

18.4

34.4

3.1

15.0

28.8

3:::

70.9

11.9

51.8

95.2

15.9

15.2

29.1

1;:

25.8

2;;

51.2

7.5

35.9

67.1

10.0

1,558

1,393

165

1,113

1,037

4Z

356

4:?

345

86

1,314

1,191

123

950

880

3::

311

3:;

303

50

1::

1.5

1?:

1;:

30.5

6.0

21.2

38.9

7.5

1:3

1.1

1?:

0.7

14.0

27.2

3.6

17.5

34.5

4.4

447

364

83

317

255

1%

109

1::

104

21

369

269

80

274

220

54

:;

26

90

65

25

2.4

4.5

0.8

::;

0.7

1:::

:7

16.5

2.3

2.0

3.7

0.8

::7

0.6

5.1

8.9

2.4

6.0

10.6

2.8

92

%

66

40

28

24

18

27

17

4

66

42

24

52

35

z

7

1:

7

7

0.9

:::

0.7

1.1

::

*

●

2.7

*

*

0.7

1.1

0.4

0.6

1.0

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

10

7

3

:

2

2

1

;

1

1

12

4

8

8

1

:

3

1

4

3

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

.. .

. . .

. . .

. . .

,.,

. . .

. . .

. . .

,,.

.,.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

11.3

20.1

2.7

1:;

1.3

23.5

40.0

3::

52.9

12.0

9.8

17.7

2.1

1;:

Ii;

33.8

2;;

44.2

9.9

1figureS for ~9e “et Wted included in Al ages but net distributed SmCn9 a9e 9rcuPs.

20eathratesunderl year (bwedon population estimates) dtiertiom in&timc~h& ties @mWcnhve blflk); swtibles Eend21-25fcr infant motit~mt~and Technical notes fcrfuflher

discusslcncfthedifference.

3For method of cempufsticn, see Technical nCteS.
44 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

Table 14. Deaths and death rates for major causes of death for the United States, each division, and State; and by race and sex for the

United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after cause of death are category numbers of the Ninth Revision /r?ternat/ona/ Classification of

Diseases, 19751

.

Malignant

neop/asms,

including

neoplasms

of lymphatic and

Diseases of heart hematopoietic Cerebrovascular Accidents and Motor vehicle

(39&398, 402, tissues diseases adverse affects accidents Suicide

404429) (140-208) (430-438) (E800-E949) (E810-E825) (E950-E959)

Race, sex, anti area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rata

United States, . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire. . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. , , . . . . . .

Rhode island. . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey,.......,..

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . .

East North Central. . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorthCantral , ., . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic. . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland, . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia. . . . . .

Virginia

WestVir~;k: :::::::::

North Carolina, . . . . . . . .

South Carolina. . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida, ..,.......,..

EastSouth Central . . . . . . .

Kentucky, . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central. . , , . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

720,862

359,614

361,048

636,805

317,642

319,163

84,057

42,172

41,885

76,014

37,454

38,560

37,817

3,702

2,723

1,467

17,115

3,247

9,563

130,587

63,766

23,366

43,453

129,407

34,994

16,796

35,664

27,608

14,345

54,920

10,680

9,663

17,783

1,813

2,328

5,136

7,517

129,546

1,926

11,739

1,865

15,716

7,075

16,955

9,525

16,516

46,227

50,242

11,941

16,495

13,175

9,631

70,781

6,207

12,440

10,608

39,326

285.9

292.6

279.5

301.9

307.6

296.5

203,6

214.0

194.2

243.9

253.9

235.0

286.5

299.8

246.4

258.7

265.4

323.4

290.6

345.7

353.1

301.1

363.3

305.1

319.9

299.4

309.0

294.7

269.5

308.3

241.0

345.7

344.8

285.5

331.2

322.4

301.3

291.6

283.2

241.5

311.9

250.0

392.6

281.4

267.6

249.4

348.2

327.4

321.6

312.6

322.2

371.6

260.7

346.0

292.6

340.4

226.7

514,657

272,380

242,277

449,506

236,409

213,097

65,151

35,971

29,160

57,921

32,094

25,827

29,516

2,937

2,243

1,117

13,805

2,370

7,044

86,678

36,500

16,179

29,999

90,264

24,232

12,027

24,412

19,252

10,341

37,765

6,389

6,360

11,803

1,369

1,513

3,186

5,145

95,758

1,520

9,759

1,547

12,007

4,627

13,366

6,770

11,593

34,569

33,441

8,537

10,570

6,812

5,522

50,375

5,607

6,861

6,819

29,068

204.1

221.5

187.5

213.1

226.9

198.0

157.8

182.5

135.3

185.9

217.5

157.4

223.6

237.8

203.0

197.0

230.2

236.1

214.0

229.4

213.2

234.3

250.8

212.8

221.5

214.4

211.5

205.5

206.7

212.0

189.3

227.5

228.8

215.6

215.2

200.0

206.2

215.6

223.5

200.8

258.7

191.0

256.9

198.4

190.2

175.0

260,4

217.9

229.9

213.4

215.5

213.0

185.6

236.4

208.9

214.8

167.5

}43,481

58,714

86,767

i 23,720

47,839

75,881

19,761

8,875

10,886

17,362

7,685

9,677

7,071

663

557

265

3,267

567

1,752

20,232

8,571

4,021

7,640

25,121

6,152

3,603

6,870

5,179

3,317

11,942

2,654

2,093

3,418

440

458

1,066

1,593

26,728

355

2,216

339

3,306

1,166

4,600

2,413

3,723

8,588

10,324

2,342

3,408

2,809

1,765

15,043

2,132

2,433

2,046

8,430

56.9

46.1

67.2

58.7

46.3

70.5

47.9

45.0

50.5

55.7

52.1

59.0

53.6

53.7

50.4

46.7

54.5

56.5

53.2

53.6

47.5

51.8

63.9

59.2

56.2

64.2

59.5

55.3

66.9

67.0

64.4

74.9

66.3

69.3

65.1

68.2

63.8

60.2

52.2

45.6

56.7

52.6

65.9

68.3

67.8

56.2

64.7

67.3

63.1

68.8

68.7

68.1

55.4

89.9

57.2

64.5

48.6

89,347

59,730

29,617

74,413

49,212

25,201

14,934

10,518

4,416

12,472

6,621

3,651

3,368

400

292

175

1,401

283

817

11,287

5,161

2,047

4,079

14,280

3,633

2,071

3,822

3,037

1,717

6,826

1,472

1,103

2,165

206

305

606

969

16,834

224

1,316

200

2,142

885

2,792

1,690

2,782

4,803

7,559

1,663

2,198

2,206

1,472

10,668

1,228

1,787

1,417

6,236

35.4

48.6

22.9

35.3

47.7

23.4

36.2

53.4

20.5

40.0

59.8

22.2

25.5

32.4

26.4

30.9

23.4

28.2

24.8

29.9

28.6

26.4

34.1

33.7

33.2

36.9

33.1

32.4

34.7

38.3

33.2

39.5

42.0

32.4

43.4

36.0

38.8

37.9

32.9

27.1

33.4

34.1

49.1

41.4

47.5

42.0

36.2

49.3

45,3

44.4

53.9

56.8

39.3

51.8

42.0

44.6

35.9

43,536

29,847

13,569

36,851

25,183

11,666

6,685

4,764

1,921

5,205

3,777

1,434

1,482

196

153

91

614

3%

4,806

2,226

857

1,723

6,706

1,656

1,047

1,667

1,513

823

3,108

598

503

1,023

1%

300

440

8,563

106

708

66

965

431

1,407

897

1,466

2,517

4,019

621

1,161

1,225

812

5,417

639

869

660

3,229

17.3

24.4

10.5

17.5

24.4

10.8

16.2

24.2

8.9

16.7

25.6

8.7

11.2

15.9

13.6

16.0

10.2

I@

12.7

12.3

11.0

14.4

15.8

15.1

18.7

14.4

16.2

16.6

17.4

13.5

18.0

19.8

i 5.4

20.8

18,8

17.6

19.3

15.6

14.6

11.0

15.4

23.9

20.9

25.2

22.1

19,0

26,2

22,1

23.4

30.0

31.3

20.0

26,9

20.4

21.4

18.6

30,6”10

24,769

6,041

27,996

22,452

5,544

2,814

2,317

497

2,097

1,782

315

1,300

177

130

92

489

3%

,3,494

1,564

5“13

1,3!)7

4,8,14

1,237

703

1,189

1,142

573

2,230

511

335

714

74

95

191

310

5,827

4;:

:34

793

,240

844

420

893

2,095

2,0”16

490

662

539

325

3,532

283

556

442

2,249

12.2

20.1

4.7

13.3

21.7

5.2

1?:

2.3

1::7

1.9

1::;

11.8

16,2

8.2

lt:

9.2

8.6

1!$

11.4

11.3

12.5

10.3

12.2

11.6

12.5

11.5

12.0

13.6

11.7

13.5

12.0

12.4

13.1

11,6

8.8

5.7

12.6

13,3

12.5

11.8

13.5

15.8

13.1

13.2

13,4

13,2

12,5

13.0

11.9

13.1

13,9

13.0
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 45

Table 14. Deaths and death rates for major causes of death for the United States, each division, and State; and by race and sex for the

United States, 1991- Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbers after cause of death are category numbers of the Ninth Revision /ntemationa/ C/assificafiorr of

Diseases, 197~

Malignant

neoplaams,

including

neoplasms of

lymphatic and

Diseases of heart hematopoietic Cerebrovascular Accidents and Motor vehicle

(390-398, 402, tissues diseases adverse effects accidents Suicide

404429) (14C-208) (430438) (E800-E949) (E81GE825) (E950-E959)

Race, sex, and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico, . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . .. .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,202

1,943

2,338

910

6,137

3,094

8,790

2,763

3,207

86,360

11,193

7,201

87,448

470

2,048

208.1

240.5

225.0

197.8

181.7

199.9

234.4

157.2

249.8

220.8

223.1

246.4

222.0

82.5

180.4

23,150 164.9

1,643 203.3

1,713 164.9

706 153.9

5,207 154.2

2,352 151.9

7,165 191.1

1,973 111.5

2,389 186.1

67,710 169.2

9,191 183.2

6,213 212.6

50,144 165.1

503 88.2

1,659 146.2

6,227 44.4

501 62.0

569 54.6

202 43.9

1,365 40.4

640 41.3

1,788 47.7

664 38.6

478 37.2

20,793 52.0

2,808 56.0

1,946 66.7

15,386 50.6

15.4

5:: 49.6

5,643

393

460

214

1,194

871

1,509

516

466

12,862

1,632

1,089

9{:;

284

40.2

48.6

44.3

46.5

35.4

56.3

40.2

29.2

37.9

32.2

32.5

37.3

31.3

163.2

25.0

2,916

161

252

111

586

431

614

269

272

6,519

768

500

5,009

1102

140

20.8 2,526 16.0

22.4 161 19.9

24.3 165 15.9

24.1 87 18.9

17.4 563 16.7

27.8 283 18.3

21.7 662 17.7

15.2 266 16.2

21.2 319 24.8

16.3 5,041 12.6

15.3 692 13,8

17.1 453 15.5

16.5 3,?;: 12.2

117.9 112.6

12.3 107 9.4

1DataforAlaskaare in errorfor selectedcausesbecauseNCHS did notreceivechangesresultingfrOmemendedrecords.

I

NOIE Cautionshouldbe usedincomparingcrudedeathratesby State.

Deathratesare affectedbv the ModulationcomDoaitionofthe area. I

Table 15. Deaths byagefor specified Hispanic origin, race fornon-Hispanic origin, andsex: Total of47repotiing States, New York State

(excluding New York City), and the Dlatrict of Columbia, 1991

[For a listing of reporting states, see Technical notes]

Hispanic origin, rsce for Under 14 5=14 15-24 25-34 3544 45-54 55-84 65-74

non-Hispanic origin, andsex Total

75-84 85 years Not

lyear years years years years years yeara years yeara years andover stated

Allo~gJes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056,417

1,064,439

Fem~e:::::::::::::: 993,978

34,681 6,819 8,109

19,641 3,821 5,061

14,840 2,998 3,046

34,384

25,919

8,465

4,262

3,476

3#%11

2,579

519

279

55,0s4

40,382

14,702

60,808

55,283

25,525

113,225

71,202

42,023

5,723

3,764

1,959

3,339

2,179

1,160

605

391

214

490

235,486

143,919

91,567

456,666

263,786

192,900

579,132

285,728

293,404

453,448

149,076

304,372

555

421

134

::

6

%

;

8

;

2

i

3

2;

20

4

248

176

1;;

102

54

87

70

17

220

164

56

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,021

42,964

29,057

42,641

25,857

16,784

5,770

3,508

2,262

7,443

4,299

3,144

4,235

2.466

4,304

2,421

1,8s3

3,057

1,719

1,338

371

207

164

63

32

31

:%

412

622

332

290

83

5,510

4,442

1,066

3,389

2,769

620

595

5,567

4,172

1,395

3,162

2,372

610

719

561

158

370

317

53

496

362

134

800

560

9,268

5,674

3,594

5,465

3,316

2,147

7SS

495

304

1,017

706

311

529

294

235

1,456

861

12,567

7,203

5,364

7,517

4,300

3,217

912

513

399

1,465

936

547

“ 517

231

286

2,136

1,221

915

13,324

6,789

6,535

7,188

3,669

3,499

779

389

390

2,199

1,133

1,066

555

200

355

2,603

1,378

1,225

9,635

3,923

5,712

5,121

2,169

2,952

540

191

349

1,483

533

950

343

106

235

2,148

922

1,226

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PuertoRican . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CeJ::land South American . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47

36

15

207

72

65

48

3:;

308

75

457

334

123

446

149

240

203

6%

504

110

672

520

152

369

121

405

243

162

684

582

270

147

123

543

316

227

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1;769

Other andunknown l-kmanic. . 11.932

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6;834

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,098

Non-Hispanici . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972,664

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l.Ol3.9OO

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956,964

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l.7Ol.l37

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864,703

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S36,434

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,057

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,313

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,744

60

54

5,871

3,313

2,558

3,885

2,201

1,664

1,751

981

770

%

7,191

4,465

2,706

6,194

3,232

1,962

1,734

1,087

647

240

74,505

50,592

23,913

53,663

36,845

16,818

18,982

12,601

6,387

302

106,625

66,839

39,766

82,647

52,076

30,571

21,602

13,361

8,221

597

29,S35

17,118

12,717

16,016

10,518

7,500

10,640

6,072

4,78a

29,827

22,232

7,595

20,436

14,876

5,560

8,368

6,609

1,759

49,056

35,550

13,508

33,856

24,833

9,023

13,779

9,711

4,068

224,473 441,255

137.105 254.833

562,526

277,287

285,241

506,605

250,170

256,435

49,955

23,645

26,310

441,448

144,370

297,078

406,962

131,848

275,114

30.462

87;368

185,730

114,515

71,215

34,933

20,437

14,496

186;422

363,985

223,487

160,498

51,564

28,052

23,512

10;667

19,795

Notstatedz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,532

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,575

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,957

542

302

240

58

30

28

54

35

19

275 516 736 677 1,745

211 390

2,864 3,260

519

2,365

599

64

1,140 1,750 1,652

126 217

783

278 605 1,114 1,628 1,582

1jncludaeracesotherthanwhiteand black.

‘Includes deefhathatoccurredin Statasthatdid notreportHispanicoriginon the deathcertificate.
46 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 16. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age groups: Total of 47

reporting States, New York State (excluding New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1991

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. For a listing of reporting States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) Number

. . .

1

2

3

.,.

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

1;

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

7

9

10

. .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

;

:

10

.,.

All ages 1

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ..390-398.402,404429

Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissuee . . . . . . . .140-208

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . .E800-Eg4g

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82t3-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Homicide and legal Intervention . . . . . .E960-E976

Diabetes mallitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human Immunodeficlenoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Chronic liver disease andclrrhosls. , . . . . . ...571

Pneumonia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . . ..480-487

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76C-779

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicla accidents . . . . . . . . . .E610-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . . . .14C-206

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .74(?-759

Homicide and legal intervention . . . .E960-E978

Dleeaaes of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . , . . . . . . . .480-467

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Human immunodeficiency virus

Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . , ..430-436

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

15-24 years

Allcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effeots . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . , . . . . . . . .E61 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Homicide and Iagal Intervention . . . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplasma of lymphatic

and hematopoletic tissues . . . . . . . . . . .140-208

Human Immunodeficiency virus

inaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Diaeaees of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404429

Congenital anomallee. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Cerebrovascular dlseaees. . . . . . . . . , . .430438

Complications of pragnancy, childbirth,

and the puerperlum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-876

Pneumonia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

72,021

17,391

13,474

6,568

3,902

2,666

3,864

3,602

2,609

2,578

2,146

2,046

1,810

15,933

1,754

729

394

335

200

160

139

66

31

17

17

15

3:

4,282

1,651

1,252

399

1,431

402

193

85

71

47

26

17

3:

White non-Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) Number

.,.

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

:

5

;

a

9

10

.,.

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

,..

All ages 1

Allcauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietk tiseues , , . .140-208

Cerebrovascular diseasee . . . , , . . . . . ..430-436

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied conditions , . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800–E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81 O–E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabetes mellltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950–E959

Chronic liver disease and cirrhoels. . . . . . . ...571

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

andnephrosls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...58&589

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents andadverae effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehlcleaccidente . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Mallgnant neoplasms, inoludlng neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietlc tissues . . ..140-208

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .740–759

Homicide andlegal intervention . . . . . .E960-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Pneumonia and Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . .480-467

Suicide, . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ,

and neoplasms of uncertain behavior

and of unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Certain conditions originating in the

perinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760–779

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. Residual

15-24 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accldants . . . . . . . . , .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E95C-E959

Homicide and legal

Intervention, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tlssuea . , . .140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Human Immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . ..d . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . .460+67

Cerebrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dieeases

and allied conditions . . . . . , . , . . . . . .490-4g6

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1,701,137

581,726

414,839

115,237

76,956

64,446

31,510

32,936

63,226

35,448

25,316

18,136

15,654

268,151

9,079

3,787

1,786

1,995

1,070

808

332

318

212

208

107

65

83

2,077

20,436

10,785

8,489

2,296

3,530

1,427

1,204

555

303

208

162

125

100

2,037

See footnote at end of table.

.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~47

Table 16. Deatha for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age groups: Total of 47

reporting States, New York State (excluding New York City), and the Diatrlct of Columbia, 1991 -Con.

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technicalnotes. For a listing of reporting States, see Technical notes]

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Diseases, 1975) Number

. . .

1

...

...

2

3

4

5

;

8

1;

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

.,.

:

3

4

:

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

25-44 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicleam-dents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . ...< . .E800-E807,E828-E!348

l-lu~~i:munodeficiency virus

.*042-*044

Homicide a;d ie~;l.i&~e&n” . . . .. . .“.“.E980-E978

Malignant neopl~ms, including naopleems

of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,4W29

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Diebetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Allothercsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residuel

45-84 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasme of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tieaues . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovascuiar diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-*044

Homicida andlagel intervention . . . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E950-E959

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedcondiions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 years and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseeses of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neopleams, including neoplsems of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . ...140-208

Cerebrovaecular diseeees. . . . . . . . . . . .43c1438

Diabates mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia andinfluenze . . . . . . . . . ...480-467

Chronic obatructlva pulmonary diseases

andaified conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49W96

Accidente andadverseeffecte . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidente. . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Chronic liver disease andclrrhosis. , . . . . . ...571

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

andnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

11,077

2,455

1,470

985

1,941

1,617

1,150

697

655

528

238

124

108

1,664

14,881

4,276

3,s30

1,027

871

486

385

796

737

498

307

274

234

2,341

35,526

12,895

7,s41

2,769

1,752

1,586

1,326

243

440

581

46s

371

5,463

White norr-t+ispanic

Cause of deatfr and age

Rank (Ninth Revision International Classification

order of Dlsesees, 1975) Number

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

;

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

:

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

:

10

. . .

25-44 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accldenta and adverse affects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehlcleaccidente . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Iymphattcsnd hematopoietictkues . ...140-208

Human immunodeficiencv virus

infection . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .*042–*044

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E980-E978

Chronic llverdisease andckrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes melliiue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480487

Another oauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

45-64 years

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplsams, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tissues . ...140-208

Diseaeesofhearf . . . . . . .390-398,402,404+2904

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

snd allied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490+96

Accidenta and adverse effects . . . . . . .E8W-E949

Motor vehicieaccidente. . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430438

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . ...571

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . .4S0-487

Human immunodefmiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Allotheroeuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 years and over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseeeesofheert. . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Meliinant neoplsems, including neoplasms of

Lymphatic andhematopoietic tisaues . ...140-208

Cerebroveacular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

sndallied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneurnonla andinfluenze . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabetes meiiiius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accldanta and adverse effects . . . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehmleaccldenta. . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and advarse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

errdnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Another osuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residuai

87,519

17,664

10,542

7,122

15,549

10,376

9,962

9,768

3,763

2,508

1,780

1,440

1,101

13,608

268,377

103,070

77,047

10,474

9,766

4,811

4,955

8,994

7,126

6,292

6,177

3,687

3,251

32,493

1,297,552

493,436

293,902

104,166

67,737

57,810

27,619

21,941

5,796

16,145

14,253

13,870

12,432

190,386

1Includesdeathsundsr1 year ofa9e
48 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 17. Deaths and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex: United States, 1979-91 “

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For listing of drug-induced causes, see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Year

Both Both

Male

Both

sexes

Both

Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Ma/a Fema/e

Number

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,388

9,463

10,71O

10,917

9,796

9,976

6,663

7,892

7,492

7,310

7,106

6,900

7,101

3.8

3.6

4.1

4.2

3.8

4.0

3.5

3.2

:;

;:

3.1

6,593

5,897

6,895

7,004

6,146

6;284

5,342

4,640

4,145

4,130

3,835

3,771

3,658

5.0

4.6

%

5.0

5.2

4.5

3.9

3.6

3.6

:::

3.4

3,795

3,566

3,815

3,913

3,650

3,692

3,321

3,252

3,347

3,180

3,271

3,129

3,445

2.7

2.6

2.8

:;

2.8

2.6

:::

2.6

:::

2.9

8,204

7,803

8,336

8,409

7,547

7,948

6,946

6,309

6,187

5,991

5,863

5,614

6,116

5,129

4,646

5,249

5,234

4,600

4,885

4,172

3,587

3,37a

3,251

3,042

3,088

3,077

1,464

1,251

1,646

1,770

1,548

1,399

1,170

1,053

767

879

793

683

579

720 2,037

609 1,703

728 2,236

738 2,395

703 2,101

629 1,906

547 1,600

530 1,480

538 1,194

440 1,212

450 1,152

403 1,006

406 897

1,385

1,155

1,570

1,700

1,465

1,335

1,107

997

724

822

751

648

540

652

548

666

695

636

571

493

483

470

390

401

358

357

Age

4.6

4.2

4.8

4.9

H

4.0

3.5

3.3

:::

3.2

3.2

-adjusted

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.7

;?

2.5

2.5

death rate 1

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,,::

198$32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19862.

19852.:::::::::::::::::: ::::

19842 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.6

3.3

3.7

H!

:::

3.0

3.0

2.9

5.2

4.6

8:

6.0

5.6

9.7

1H

12.9

11.3

10.5

8.9

:::

4.1

4.4

4.1

3.7

3.3

3.3

3.3

2.8

2,9

2:;

4.9

4.6

4.0

4.1

4.0

3.7

3.4

2.5

2.5

;::

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.1

1For method of computation, see Technical notes.

2Rates are revised and, therefore, may differ from those published In Advance Reporf of Final Lforta//ty 5Yaf/stks for 1989 and earlier year.$ see Technical notes.

Table 18. Deaths andage-adjusted death rates foralcohol-lnduced causes, byrace and sex United States, 1979-91

[Age-adjustedrates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes, For listing of alcohol-induced causes, see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Both

Year

Both

Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

3,539 4,408

3,570 4,853

3,525 4,978

3,354 4,837

3,189 4,456

3,334 4,227

3,294 4,525

3,398 4,222

3,425 4,112

3,485 4,014

3,756 4,461

3,879 4,950

3,821 4,617

19,233

19,757

19,810

18,872

17,819

17,425

17,741

17,606

17,400

17.541

4,766

4,915

4,850

4,666

4,358

4,439

4,525

4,611

4,568

4,636

5,060

5,318

5,183

14,825

14,904

14,832

14,035

13,361

13,19s

13,216

13,384

13,288

13,527

14,199

14,815

14,334

1,227

1,345

1,325

1,312

1,169

1,105

1,231

1,213

1,163

1,153

1,302

1,439

1,342

3,863

4,337

4,400

4,294

4,055

3,s53

4,114

3,776

3,708

3,603

4,000

4,451

4,132

13.9

16.1

16.6

16.6

15.9

15.3

16.8

15.7

15.6

15.7

17.9

20.4

19.2

2,616

3,172

3,263

3,159

3,028

2,862

3,030

2,710

2,668

2,573

2,858

3,170

2,953

22.9

26.6

27.7

27.3

26.7

25.5

27.7

25.4

25.4

25,1

28,5

32.4

30.4

1,067

1,165

1,137

1,135

1,027

991

1,064

1,066

1,040

1,030

1,142

1,28~

1,179

%

7.8

7.9

7.3

7.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.1

1:::

10.1

18;660

19,765

18,951

13;600

14,447

13,786

Age-adjusted death rate 1

11.8

13.6

14.3

14.3

13.5

13.1

14.6

14.0

14.0

14.2

16.3

18.8

16.1

1991

1990:::::::::::::::::::: :::

19892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19872 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19662 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19842. . . . . .

19832......::::::::::::: ::::

19622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,..

19812 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.6

7.2

;:;

6.8

6.7

;:

;::

7.8

8.4

8.2

10.9

11.4

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.6

11.0

10.9

10.9

11.2

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

?:

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

4,1

4.3

4.3

6.0

6.2

H

5.8

H

5.9

6.0

6.2

6.6

::

9.7

9.9

9.9

9.5

9.2

9.0

9.2

9.3

9.3

1:;

10.8

10,6

2.7

2.8

2.8

2,7

2,6

2.7

19.2 5.9

6.8

;:;

6.5

6.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.4

1%

9.7

2.8

2.9

2.9

:::

3.5

3.5

12.0

13.0

12.6

1For method of computation, see Technical notes,

2Ratea are revised and, therefore, may differ fmm those published In Advance Report of Fha/ hforts//ty .Stat/st/csfor 1989 and earlier years; see Technical notes.
Table 19. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, according to marital status, race, and sex United States,

1991

All other

A// races White Total Black

Marital status

Both BoiYr

Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

Total, .,... 2,116,483

228,749

1,877,631

915,112

781,331

181,188

10,103

1,090,s03

143,755

939,819

642,378

194,000

103,441

7,329

1,025,580 1,833,465 935,742 897,723

69,175

826,679

240,233

521,270

65,176

1,869

263,018

52,845

226,829

104,779

91,704

30,346

3,344

155,161

37,026

115,696

72,278

25,643

17,775

2,439

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,857 253,597 138,256 115,341

Never married.

Ev~a}i&~ied .

Widowed ::

Divorced. . .

Not stated . . .

84,994 175,904 106,729

937,W2 1,650,802 824,123

272,734 810,333 570,100

587,331 689,627 166,357

77,747 15C&; 85,866

2,774 , 4,890

15,819

111,133

32,501

66,081

12,571

905

48,841

201,550

89,690

83,397

28,163

3,206

34,021

101,908

62,103

23,360

16,445

2,327

14,820

99,642

27,887

60,037

11,718

879

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lm.o 100.0 1W.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100!0

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 13.3 11.5

Ev;aeri~~ied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.1 88.7

18.9

9?;

24.2

92:

12.5

88.5

19.5

92;

25.0

81.1

12.9

59.3

75.8 67.5 80.5 75.0 87.1

Widowed:::::::::::::::::::

26.7 44.4

%

61.2 26.8

17.9

37.5

57.4

47.3

37a

25.6

18.1 58.2

35.9 45.7 24.4

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6

32.8

9.5

16.6

7.6

52.0

8.3

33.3 17.2 52.5

9.2 7.3 10.9 11.6 9.9 11.2 12.1 10.2

lEsdudes figures forage not etated.

2De”OminatOmOfpemnt distribution exclude deaths of personsOfunknownMafifd StStUs.

Table 20. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, according to educational attainment, race, and sex:

Total of 28 States and the District of Columbia, 1990, and total of 30 States, New York State (excluding New York City), and the District of

Columbia, 1991

All other

All races White ToiW Black

Both

sexes Male Female

Both

sexes Male Female

Both Both

Yeara of school completed sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1991

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-8years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-n yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16years ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-6years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:I;egus.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15yeark: :::::::::::: ::::::

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990

Total ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0-8years . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

S-n yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16yearsormore. ..,...... . . . . . .

Numberl

1,491,899 767,759 724,140 1,318,811 672,484 846,327 173,086 95,275 77,813

369,325 183,299 186,026

186,162 102,632 83,530

~;>;;~ 267,173 273,832

85,419 81,985

151:558 80,936 80,622

76,445 38,300 38,145

151,331 82,759 68,572

44,068 23,465 20,603

27,671 15,797 11,874

47,541 2~;X; 21,291

12,454 5,824

7,697 3:953 3,744

11,s00 6,664 5,236

318,867

156,183

48S;

140;908

83,192

156,654 162,013

85,430 70,733

23#~22 250,029

75,274

84;924 55,984

30,898 32,294

50,658

29,999

53,753

14,775

10,650

13,253

26,645

17,202

29,950

8,064

6,012

7,402

24,013

12,797

23,803

6,711

4,638

5,651

1,297,793 671,398 626,397

322,606 161,461 161,145

165,8S8 92,191 73,807

~5;~ 222~81; 229,558

129:624 77:776 :%

79,044 39,412 39,632

1,148,207 588,615 559,592 149,586 82,761 86,805 129,434 71,054 58,380

36,613 19,697 16,916

23,699 13,549 10,150

40,234 22,203 18,031

10,651 5,775 4,876

6,501 3,284 3,217

11,736 6,546 5,190

279,843

140,065

410,2s5

131,626

120,505

65,873

138,759

77,255

201,058

66,855

72,609

32,079

141,084

62,810

209,237

64,771

47,696

33,784

42,763

25,S33

45,881

12,719

9,119

13,171

22,702

14,936

25,560

7,083

5,167

7,333

20,081

10,997

20,321

5,636

3,952

5,836

Percent distribution

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

26.1 25.1 27.1

13.2 14.1 12.2

36.2 36.6 39.9

~1.8 11.7 12.0

10.7 12.5 8.8

100.0 100,0 100.0

31.6 30.8 32.5

19.s 20.8 1s.7

34.1 34.5 33.6

8.9

5.5 U :::

26.4 24.4 26.4 31.7 30.3

12.4

33.4

13.3 11.5 16.8

36.6

19.6 17.8

37.0 40.7 33.6

12.2

34.1

12.1

33.1

12.3 9.2

11.2

9.3

13.2 9.1 % 6.8 6.4

100.0 100.0 100.0

26.5 25.5 27.5

13.6 14.6 12.6

37.4 35.9 39.1

11.8 11.7 12.0

10.6 12.3 8.8

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0100.0 100,0Ica.o100,0

31.1 30.5 31.6

20.1 21.0 19.1

34.2 34.4 33.9

9.2

Q H’ 6.0

25.9 24.9 26.8 31.3

12.9

30.1

13.9

;f;

11.9 19.0 19.8

37.9 36.1 39.8 33.6

12.2

33.9 33:3

12.0 12.3 9.3 9.4 9.2

11.1 13.0 9.1 6.7 6.8 6.5

1~cludss figuresfor sge notstated.

2DenOmfnatOrsof percent distribution exclude deathsof ~rsons of unknowneducaticmalamlnment.
50 ~ Monthly Vitai Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

Tabie 21. infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-91

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days-11 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1989, race

for live births Is tabulated according to race of mother; see Technical notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Both

Year

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of mother 1

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child 2

Infant mortality rate

8.3 6.3 15.1

:::

9.8

9.2

1:!

10.1

10.4

10.6

10.8

11.2

11.5

11.9

12.6

13.1

13.8

14.1

15,2

16,1

20.0

26.0

29.2

47.0

5.6

5.8

6.2

5.6

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.7

u

::;

1::

11.6

15.1

18.7

20.5

28.6

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.6

U

3.6

3.7

:::

3.6

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.2

::

4.9

7.3

1::

10.0

10.3

10.8

10.3

10.8

11.0

11.2

11.5

11.9

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.1

13.9

14.5

15.3

15.8

16.8

17.9

22.4

29.3

32.8

52.5

6.2

6.5

6.6

6.5

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.4

H

8.0

::;

9.3

1U

11.0

12.0

12.9

17.0

21.2

23.3

32.6

3.8

3.8

4.0

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4,2

:::

4.3

4.3

2;

4.7

4.6

2:

5.4

8.1

1x

7.8

8.1

8.8

7,3

U

:;

8.5

8.6

8.9

9.3

;:;

10.1

10.5

11.0

17.4

12.0

12.3

13.3

14.2

17.8

22.9

26.8

43.2

4,5

4.8

5.1

;:

E

5.8

6.1

6.2

6.4

;:

7.5

7.9

8.4

::;

10.4

13.8

17.2

19.4

27.2

H

2.9

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

::

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

H

1xl

16.5

17.0

17.6

15.8

16.4

16.2

18.9

17.3

17.2

17.3

18.3

18.9

19.2

20.7

21.5

23.1

23.7

25.5

26.2

34.2

47.9

48.9

82.2

13.6

14.0

15,0

13.1

14.0

13.8

13.9

14,0

14.4

14.8

15.2

15.5

16.3

17.5

18.1

18.9

19.6

21.4

22.2

27.5

36.5

39.9

65.2

8.5

8.9

9.5

8.3

8.9

;::

9.1

9.4

9.5

9.7

10.3

10.9

11.5

11.8

12.4

13.3

14,9

15.3

18.9

23.6

24.2

34.5

::4

5.5

4.8

:::

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.3

H

:;

6:3

6.5

6.3

6.5

6.9

1:::

15.7

30.7

17,6

18.0

18.6

17.0

17.7

17.6

17.9

18.0

78.2

18.4

19.2

19.6

20.0

21.4

21.8

23.1

23.6

25.5

26.2

32.8

44.3

43.9

72.9

11,2

11.6

11.9

10.9

11.3

11.5

11.7

11.7

12.1

11.8

12.4

13.1

13.4

14.1

14.3

15.5

16.1

17.9

18.3

22.8

27.8

27,6

39.9

H

6.7

6.1

::;

6.1

6.3

6.1

6.5

}:

6.6

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.6

;::

1%

16.1

33.0

19,4

19.6

20.0

16.5

19.0

19.0

19.6

:::

19:8

21.1

21.5

;;.:

23:7

25.4

25.9

27.8

28.3

:3:

48:3

81.1

12.6

12.7

12.8

12.0

12.2

12.5

12.9

13.0

13,2

12.7

13.6

i 4.3

14.6

15.3

15.5

17.2

17.6

19,5

19.8

25.4

:;.!

44:8

6.8

%

6.5

6.6

U

7.0

?;

7.4

7.3

7.f

7.9

8.2

M

8.4

1::

18.0

17.2

36.4

15.7

16.2

17.2

15.3

16.3

16.1

16.0

16.0

16.5

16.9

17.2

17.7

16.3

19.4

19.8

20.8

21.3

23.2

24.0

29.0

39.4

39.4

64.6

1:::

11.0

9.6

10.4

10.4

10.5

10.5

10.9

10.9

11.2

11.6

12.3

; $:

13:7

14.5

16.3

16.8

20.1

24.5

24.4

34.9

5.8

5.9

6.2

5.5

5.9

5.8

:::

5.6

5.9

6.1

5.9

6.0

6.6

H

6.8

6.9

7.2

1:::

i 5.0

29.7

6.5 6.6 15.5

9.0 7.1 16.3

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,..

1976, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother 1

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child 2

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

1976 ..,.....,........,.,.. .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother1

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of ohild2

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.1

8.8

U

9.1

9.3

1::

10.2

8.7 14.4

9.2 ?; 15.2

7.4 15.0

;: 7.6 15.4

10.0 15.7

10.6 :: 15.8

10.5 8.3 16.1

10.6 6.6 16.8

11.2 6.9 17.3

10.7

11.2

11.6

12.2

12.4

11.7

12.3

12.8

13.4

13,9

9.2

9.6

1;:;

10.7

17.8

19.1

19.8

21.1

21.7

13.6

14.2

17.5

22.6

25.5

41.3

14.8

15.9

20.0

26.0

30.2

48.3

11,7

12.3

15.4

19.6

23.1

37.8

23.5

24.2

30.9

43.2

44.5

73.8

Neonatal mortality rate

5.0

5.4

5.7

5.0

5.2

5.6

10.5

10.8

11.1

10.0

10.3

10.5

11.0

11.1

11,3

11.0

11.7

12.4

12.6

13.5

13.9

15.5

16.0

17.7

18.2

23.9

30.0

30.6

44.9

5.2

5.6

5.7

5.8

::

6.3

M

7.2

7.6

7.9

8.4

8.7

9.7

10.2

13.1

16.1

17.5

24.7

5.5

5.8

5.9

6.1

El

6.6

7.1

n

8.3

8.8

9.3

1::;

11.7

15.5

19.7

22.2

30.9

9.2

::;

;;;

10:3

10,2

10.8

11.3

11,8

12.5

12.9

14.0

14.7

8,S

1?:

14.7

16.4

23.3

16.3

16.8

21.4

26.9

27.5

39.7

Postneonatal mortality rate

2.9

H’

3.2 2.3 5.6 6.0

2.4 5.7 6.2

%1 2.5 6.0 6.5

3.2

$:

3.6

2.4

2.5

2;

2.7

2.7

3:

2.8

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.6

U

6.0

5.9

;;

R

6.2

6.0

x

6.5

6.5

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

3.0

3.1

$:

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.7

::;

3.8

4.0

4.4

6.5

1U

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

:::

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.!

4.2

4.4

6.3

1%!

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

:::

3.5

4.9

6.0

6.6

6.9

;:

7.2

7.5

1::

16.9

34.1

11%

17.8

18,1

37.3

1Infantdeathsb=~ Onraceofrje~gdenf,nnd llve bltihs based on race of mdhec see Technicalnotes.

21nfantdeaths~es~ Onmce of decedent,end live blrfhs t)asecl on race of chll@see Technicalnotes.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 51

Table 22, Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causes by race: United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 live births in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. Beginning In 1989, race for live births

Is tabulated according to race of mothe~ see Technical notes]

All All

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975) racesl White Black races 1 White Black

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...006-009

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Meningococcal infeotlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Viraldiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045-079

Congenitalsyphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090

Remainder ofinfeotious andparasltlc diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001.007.

01O-032,03W35,037,038-041 ,*042-*044,06C-068,091-I 39

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietlctissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior andofunspec”fied nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Diseases ofthymusgland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..254

Cysticflbrosls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..277.0

Diseases ofblood andblood-forming organs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260-289

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320-322

Other diseases of nervous system and sense

A%#;ppe;;espi;a& ~n{e”tiion~:: ::::::::::::::::::::

..323-369

..460-465

Bronchitisand bronchlolltls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466,490+91

Pneumoniaandinfluenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480-467

Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..480-466

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...487

R;y~~$mderof diseases of respiratory

, .470-478,492-519

Hernia o~abd&fina(;a;iand”i;te&d”~b~~&ion” ‘ “ “

withoutmentionofhernla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55G553.560

G$ja.ie.j duodenitis, and noninfective enteriiis and

..535,55+558

Remaind;;;fd&a;e;b;&g&i;; “ “ ‘ “ “ “ ““ “ “ “ “- “ “-””

. .520-534,538-543,562-579

C~L&efliti(akirni~e&”~;~~;~;~~U~UV :::: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .740-759

Anencephalusand similaranomalles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740

Spinabifida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..741

Congenital hydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..742.3

O;t;;Jgenital anomalies of central nervous system

.742.0-742.2,742.4-742.9,743

Congenit~l”a;&%I~e; ;~heart; ”.”.”.”.”.~ ;~”.~ . . . . . . . . . . . ...745-748

Other congenital anomalies of circulator

C;?~eZ~al a;;rnii;; h{re;~ra{o@syi~ern :::::::::::::::::

..747

..746

Congenital anomalies ofdigestive system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...746-751

Congenitalanomaliesofgenitourina system. . . . . . . . . . . . ...752-753

Cormenital anomalies of musculoske7etal

sys~em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...754-756

Down’ssyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...758.0

Otherchromosomal anomalies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...758.1-758.9

All other and unspecified congenital

anomalies . . . . . .744,757,759

C;~ert~dcondiions origi;ailng ~n”th6p&ina~ai “ ‘“” ‘ “ “ ‘ ““ “ “

..760-779

Newb&; aff&ed”by”rnate;na~cond~l&s-wh~;h”rnay”be ‘ “ “ “ “ -

unrelatedtopresentpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760

Newborn affectad by maternal implications of

N~;~~r%?ff;ti8d"bj"c6rnpilcail6;s"dfPia&6;ta,co;d; “ ““ “- “--””””

.761

and membranes. ._. ..l . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Newborn affected bv other comdlcatlons of labor

and delivery . . . .”. . . . ...’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...763

Slowfetal growth andfetal malnutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...764

Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified

Iowblrthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Disorders relatlng to long gestation and high

birthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Blrfhtrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..767

Intrauterine hypoxiaand birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..766

Fetal distress inliveborninfant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768.2-768.4

Blrthasphwia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766.5-766.9

Respiratoiydstressayndrome.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769

Other resolratorvconditlons ofnewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...770

lnfectlon~speciflctothe perinatalperlod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Neonatal hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..772

Hemolytic disease of newborn, due to isolmmunization,

and otherperinataljaundlce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..773-774

Syndrome of “infant of a diabetic mother” and

neonatal diabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775.(!-775.1

Hemorrhagic disease ofnewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...776.0

All other and Illdeflned conditions originating in

theperinatalperlod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...775.2-775.9.776.1-779

Svmotoms. sians. and ill-defined conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780-799

‘Suddeninfi%tdeathsyndrome.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..798.0

Symptoms, signs, and all other ill-defined

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...780-797.796.1-799

Number Rate

36,766

125

2:;

156

24

255

77

60

3

1::

126

509

1%

607

591

16

356

68

124

178

7,665

463

1%

335

2,384

492

1,036

117

433

523

120

899

841

16,591

197

1,536

962

::

4,139

:$$

161

438

2,569

2,696

881

329

44

9

3

2,307

6,266

5,349

919

23,657

60

1::

109

4

121

57

46

3

&

71

3:;

3::

3:;

236

56

66

118

5,::$

1%

236

1,826

346

769

3%

406

7E

484

9,771

86

968

643

56

18

2,087

13;

397

119

276

1,622

1,572

556

196

30

8

1

1,369

4,075

3,572

503

11,994

62

i

106

42

20

126

14

12

2i

49

112

9

2%

230

4

117

29

53

1,5;:

54

3:

4::

121

226

32

76

92

1::

129

6,447

103

519

290

30

9

1,957

1%

l%

898

1,065

304

126

14

;

670

1,983

1,589

374

694.4

3.0

●

k:

3.6

0.6

6.2

1.9

1.5*

2.:

3.1

12.4

;;

14.8

14.4*

8.7

2.1

3.0

18%

11.7

1.3

4.1

5E:

12.0

25.2

1:::

12.7

2:;

15.6

403.6

4.6

37.4

23.4

2.1

0.7

100.7

*

1?:

1;;

62.5

85.6

21.4

8.0

1.1

*

*

56.1

152.5

130.1

22,4

729.9

1.9

●

1:

3.4*

3.7

1.8

1.5*

*

i:

17.8

2:

10.7

10.3

●

7.3

1.7

2.1

18?;

12.3

$:

5::

10.7

23.7

1;:

12.6

2?:

14.9

301.5

2.7

30.5

19.8

1.7*

64.7

*

1;:

3.7

5;:

46.5

17.2

6.0

0.9

*

*

42.2

125.7

110.2

15.5

1,757.1

9.1*

15.;

6.2

2.3

18.8

*

*

*

4.;

7.2

16.4*

3:::

33.:

17.1

4.2

7.8

22::

7.9

5.;

12.6

70.3

17.7

33.1

1:;

13.5

2:;

18.9

944.5

15.1

76.0

42.5

4.4*

286.7

*

2%?

2?:

131.6

156.0

44.5

18.6

*

*

●

127.5

287.6

232.8

54.8

Ssefootnotest end of tsbls.
52 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 22. Deaths under 1 yesr snd infant mortslity rates for 61 selected causes by race: United States, 1991- Con.

[Rates per 100,000 Iiie births in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes. Beginning In 1989, race for live births

is tabulated according to race of mothec see Technical notes]

All

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975)

All

racesl White Black racea 1 White Black

Number Rate

Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .EEOO-E949

Inhalation and ingestion of food or other object causing

obstruction of respiratory tractor suffocation . . . . . . . . . . .E91 I–E91 2

Accidental mechanical suffocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E913

Other accidental causes and adverse effects . . . , ,E800-E910,E91 4+949

Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. , . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E96o-E989

Child batterin and other maltreatment

Al~~rhom:?e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“, “.”. ”.”.’.E96GE966E96IGX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

981 638 278 23.4 19,7 40.4

130

273

558

1%379

207

1%

1,049

33

1%

159

62

5:;

12::

23,0

23.3

1::;

75.2

380

154

226

1,611

1Includes races other than whita and black.

NOTE Data for *042-n044 Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIv) infection are shown in a separata table.

Table 23. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortaiity rates for the 10 leading causes of Infant death: United States, 1991

[Rates per 100,000 live births. Beginning in 1989, race for live births ia tabulated according to race of mothefl see Technical notes]

Rank

order 1 Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Oiseases, 1975) Number Rate

All races 2

. . . Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ..$ . . . . . . ..+ . ...4. 36,766

7,685

5,349

4,139

2,569

1,536

962

961

881

607

599

11,478

894.4

186.9

130.1

100.7

62.5

37.4

23.4

1

:

4

5

6

7

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SLrddeninfan tdeathayndrom e.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low bkthweight . .

Respiratory distress syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnano . . . . . . . .

Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, anJ’ membranes.

Aocidenta andadverse effecta. ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

... ,.. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .740-759

,,. . .796.0

. . . . . .765

. . . . . .769

. . . . . .781

. “.E800:EE

. . . . . .771

. . .480-487

.- .“ Me;h7%l

23.4

21.4

14.6

14.6

279.2

:

10

. . .

Infections specific to the perinatal period . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . .

Pneumonia andinfluenzs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White

. . . All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,657

5,884

3,572

2,097

1,622

968

643

638

556

397

346

6,934

729.9

180,9

110.2

64.7

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sudden lnfantdeath syndrome...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disordem relatlng toshoti gestation andunspectiied low bitihweight. .

Respketoryd istresaa yndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnan

Newborn affeoted bycomplicationa ofplacenra,cord,an ‘?’”””””””” membranes.

Accidents andadverse effecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Infections specific totheperinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pneumonia andlnfluenze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..740-759

. . . .798.0

. . . . .765

. . . . .769

. . . . .761

.E860:E:Z

. . . . .771

: .’406%

. .Resldual

4

5

50.0

30.5

19.8

19.7

17.2

12.2

10.7

. .. 213.9

Black

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...+.

Dsorders relating toshoRgestation andunspeclfied low bltihweight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,765

Sudden lnfantdeath syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Congenitalanomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. <......740-759

Resplratorydistresssyndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Newborn affected bymaternal complications ofpregnanoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Infeotlons speciflctotheperinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Newborn affected bycompllcatlons ofplacenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Accidentsandadverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E8t)o-Eg4g

Pneumoniaand influenza.,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,480-487

Intrauterinehypoxiaand bkthasphyxia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Reeidual

11,994 1,757.1

286.7

232.8

223.3

131,6

76,0

44.5

42.5

40.4

34.3

27.6

617.2

. . .

1 1,957

1,589

1,524

896

519

304

5

6

7

8

1:

290

276

234

190

4,213

1Rank baaed on numbsr of deaths sss Technical notes.

21ncludss races othar than white and black.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 53

Table 24. Total deaths and death rates, and infant and neonatal deaths and mortality rates for the United States, each division, and State;

and by race and aex for the United States, 1991

Total deaths Infant deaths (under 1yea~ Neonatal deaths (under 28 days)

Race, sex, and area Number Rate1 Number Ratez Number Rate2

WrpagStates . . . . . . ..<...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fem;l; :::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ne;a~egland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewH~rnp;;i;e: :::::::::::: ::::::::::::

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DlstrictofColumbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W#ohlrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMex~o :::::::::::::: :::::::::::::

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,169,518

1,121,665

1,047,853

1,866,904

956,497

912,407

300,614

165,168

135,446

269,526

147,331

122,194

114,704

11,226

6,413

4,563

53,075

9,398

28,029

360,698

167,549

70,482

122,657

377,578

100,190

50,148

104,123

79,980

43,137

162,997

35,309

27,353

50,8S5

5,576

6,644

14,725

22,505

398,464

5,928

38,427

7,075

49,129

19,964

56,660

29,966

52,602

136,293

147,362

35,346

46,309

40,063

25,664

220,401

25,046

38,263

30,275

126,795

100,912

7,014

7,719

3,159

22,566

11,270

29,54S

9,651

9,963

286,362

37,073

25,015

215,264

2,200

6,810

660.3

912.1

811.0

866,2

926.2

847.7

728.3

837.9

628.1

864.9

996.7

744.5

669.1

909.0

761.4

804.6

885.2

936.1

S51 .7

954.8

927.8

908.4

1,025.5

880.2

915.9

893.9

902.0

853.8

870.6

915.1

796.7

978.8

986.5

678.1

945.1

924.4

S02.O

697.0

871.8

790.7

l,j83.1

781.6

1,108.5

S74.O

841.7

797.3

1,026,5

960.3

952.0

935.0

979.8

990.1

817.8

1,056.0

900.4

953.5

730.8

719.0

668.1

742.9

686.7

666.9

726.0

787.9

545.3

775.9

715.5

736.8

856.1

706.6

366.0

600.0

36,766

21,008

15,758

23,657

13,696

9,961

13,109

7,312

5,797

11,994

6,714

5,280

1,314

113

99

5;:

118

359

5,350

2,753

1,054

1,543

6,577

1,559

781

2,083

1,555

599

2,:31;

313

806

72

103

182

335

7,005

132

726

247

965

185

1,106

649

1,255

1,740

2,429

486

744

705

494

4,032

363

761

460

2,446

1,962

1?6

53

451

225

564

220

202

5,763

600

309

4,623

104

147

1%?

7.6

7.3

8.3

6.3

15.1

16.5

13.6

17.6

19.4

15.7

6.8

6.7

6.1

5.8

6.6

8.0

z

9.4

8.7

:;

9.4

9.1

10.7

10.4

6.3

X

6.0

10.2

8.1

9.4

7.6

1::

11.8

2?:

9.9

1:::

11.3

11.4

1::

1::

11.2

11.4

8.5

10.2

10.5

9.s

7.7

8.1

7.0

;:;

8.4

6.1

::

9.2

7.6

7.5

7.3

7.6

8.9

7.4

22,978

12,974

10,004

14,698

8,312

6,366

8,280

4,662

3,618

7,677

4,351

3,326

916

74

:

401

2%

3,593

1,866

698

1,009

4,167

962

486

1,376

1,003

360

1,354

298

172

496

41

59

1::

4,582

88

478

176

642

112

724

404

828

1,130

1,516

289

463

461

303

2,339

176

475

249

1,439

1,077

38

z

248

138

336

109

3,47:

313

172

2,795

::

5.6

6.2

5.0

4.5

5.0

4.0

Iti

8.5

11.2

12.6

9.9

4.8

4.4

::

4.5

5.6

5.4

6.2

6,4

5.7

::

5.8

5.7

;;

5.0

5.1

4.4

4.4

6.3

4.6

5.4

4.0

5.1

6.7

7.9

1::

6.6

5.0

7.1

7.0

7.5

6.8

6.5

5.3

6.2

7.3

7.0

4.9

5.0

6.S

:::

4.4

3.3

:::

4.6

5.0

:::

4.3

4.5

3.9

4.0

4.6

3.5

4.7

I per 100,w popultiion in esch race-sex grouP and sree.

Zper 1,OCO M Mrths 1“ each mm-sex group and area. Beginning in 1989, race for live births is tabulated according to race of mothec see Technical notes.

NOTE Caution should be used in comparing crude death rates by State,

Desth rates are affected by the population of the area.
54 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repott ● Voi. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Table 25. Infant, neonatal, and poatneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by specified Hispanic origin and race for non-Hispanic origin:

Totai of 47 reporting States, New York State (exciuding New York City), and the District of Columbia, 1991

[Rates per 1,000 live births in specified group. Uve births based on race and Hispanic origin of mother see Technical notes. For a listing of reporting States, see Technical

notes]

Hispanic Non-H/spanic

All Puerto Other

Age

Not

origins Total Maxioan Rican Cuban Hispan/cl Tota12 White Black statedg

Number

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,681 4.,304 3,057 371 63 813 29,835 18,018 10,840 542

Under 28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,604 2,661 1,679 232 44 506

28days-ll months . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,507 11,067

13,077 1,643 1,178 139 19

6,903 436

307 11,326 6,931 3,937 106

Rate

Under l year, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 7.5 7.5 9.0 5.9 6.8 9.0 7,1 17.5 . . .

Under 28days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 4.6 4.6 5.7 4.1 4.3

26days-11 months. , . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 2.6

5.6 4.4 11.1 . . .

2.9 3.4 * 2.6 3.4 2.7 6,3 ,..

1ln~l”des central end south Arnericsn snd other md Mrwwn H@snic.

21ncludesracss other than whits snd black.

31ncludes infant dsaths that occurrsd in States that did not report Hispanic origin on the death certificate.

4RgUres for origin not stated Included in All origins but not distributed among origin groups.

Table 26. Maternai deaths and maternal mortaiity rates for selected causes by race: United States, 1991

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, category numbers 630-676 of the Ninth Revision krternatiorra/

C/ass/fioafion of Diseasea, 1975. Rates per 100,000 We births in specified group. Beginning in 1989, race for live births is tabulated according to race of motheL see

Technical notes]

All other

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International

All other

All All

Claeslficetion of Dleeaees, 1975) races White Total Black races White Total Black

Numbar Rate

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and

thepuerparium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-676 323 187 136 125 7.9 5.8 15.6 16.3

Pregnancy with abortive outcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-638 54 25 29 27

Ectopic pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...633

1.3

33

0.8

17

3.3 4.0

16 15

Spontaneous abortion, . . . . . . . . . . .,.........,...634

0.8 * * *

8 4 4 4

Legally lnduoed abortion . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . ...635

* * * *

5 1 4 4

Illegally lnducad abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...636

* * * *

1

Other pregnancy with abortive outcome. . , . .83M32,637-638

1

* * * *

; i

Direct obstetric causes. , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .640-846,651-676

* ● *

253 155 9: 8: 6.;

Hemorrhage of pregnancy and childbirth . . . . . ...640-641.686

4.8

36

11.3 13,0

Toxemia Of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642.4-642.9,643

0.9 0.7 *

65 z 2 :; 3.:

Obstructed labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...680

1.6 1.1 4.0

Compllcatlone of thepuerperium. . . . . . . . . . . . .670-676

* * * *

99 6; 34 3;

Other direct obstetric

2.4 2.0 3.9 4.4

causes. . . . . .642.0-842.3,644-646,651 -659,661-865,667-669 53 33 20 19

Indirect obatetriccauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...647-648

1.3 1.0 2.3 *

16 7 9 9

Delivery inacomplataly normal case. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . ,650

* * * *

* * * *
Table 27. Number of autopsies and percent of deaths for which autopsies were reported for 15 leading causes of death: United States,

1991

[For explanation of asterisk preceding ceuse-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Reported autopsy

Rank

order 1

Total

Cause of death (Ninth Revision International Classification of Diseases, 1975) deaths Number Percent

,..

1

2

3

:

,.,

. . .

6

7

12

13

14

15

. ..

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DLseeees of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-398.402,404429

MaKgnant neopl~ms, including neoplasms oflymph~ic andhematopoietic tissues. . . . ...140-208

Cerebrovesculardiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ...430-436

Chronic obatru@ive pulmona~dlseases andalhed conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Accidents endadverae effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E80f&E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E81O-E825

Allotheraccidents andadverseeffecte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82&E949

Pneumoniaandinfkrenze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Dlabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Suicide. . . . . .

●

.E950-E959

Human immunode~c;en;~ ~;us"i;f;&&; ".". ".". ".". ".". ".". ".".".". ".". ".".".". ".'. ".". ".". ".-. ".".". .*042-*044

Homicideand legalintewention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E980-E978

Chronicliverdiseaseandcirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...571

Nephritis, nephroticsyndrome, and nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..440

Certain renditions originating inthe perinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Alrothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

2,169,518

720,862

514,657

143,481

90,650

69,347

43,536

45,811

77.860

48;951

30,810

29,555

26,513

25.429

21 ;360

19,691

17,420

16,781

296,151

233,707

53,073

16,342

4,693

3,733

44,509

22,653

21,656

5,260

2,066

17;097

2,606

25,770

4,010

904

1,655

442

3,895

69,906

10.8

7.4

3.2

3.4

4.1

49.6

52.0

47.7

6.8

4.2

55.5

9~2

15.8

4.2

6.4

2.5

23.2

23,6

lRank bsssd on numbsr of desthw see Tschnksl notes.
56 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Repott ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0,05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliabilityor precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 deaths in

numerator or denominator)
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 57

Technical notes

Nature and sources of data

Data shown in this report are

based on information from all death

certificates filed in the 50 States and

the District of Columbia. The U.S.

Standard Certificate of Death was

revised in 1989; for additional detaik

see the 1989 revision of the U.S. standard certificates and reports, and the

Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of the United States, vol II (5,7).

Mortality statistics are based on

information coded by the States and

provided to NCHS through the Vital

Statistics Cooperative Program

(VSCP) and from copies of the original certificates received by NCHS

from the State registration offices. In

1991 all the States and the District of

Columbia participated in this program

and submitted part or all of the mortality data for 1991 on computer tape

to NCHS. The 31 States in the VSCP

that submitted preceded medical data

for all deaths on computer tapes are

Alaska, Arkansas, CaIifomia, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,

Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,

Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York State (excluding New

York City), North Carolina, North

Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,

Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. In

1991 Delaware, Idaho, Maine, North

Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming contracted with a private company to provide NCHS with preceded medical

data. Kansas continued to provide the

medical data for AIaska. The

remaining 19 VSCP States, New York

City, and the District of Columbia submitted copies of the original certificates from which NCHS coded the

medical data. For 1991 all States submitted preceded demographic data for

all deaths.

Data for the entire United States

refer to events occurring within the

United States. Data shown for geographic areas are by place of residence. Beginning with 1970, mortality statistics exclude deaths of

nonresidents of the United States. All

data exclude fetal deaths.

Cause-of-death classification

The mortality statistics presented

here were compiled in accordance with

the World Health Organization

(WHO) regulations, which specify that

member nations classify causes of

death by the current Manual of the

International Statistical Classification

of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of

Death (8). Causes of death for

1979–91 were classified according to

the manual. For earlier years, causes

of death were classified according to

the revisions then in use– 1968-78,

Eighth Revision; 1958-67, Seventh

Revision; and 1949–57, Sixth Revision.

Changes in classification of causes of

death due to these revisions may result

in discontinuities in cause-of-death

trends. Consequently, cause-of-death

comparisons among revisions require

consideration of comparability ratios

and, where available, estimates of their

standard errors. Comparability ratios

between the Eighth and Ninth Revisions, behveen the Seventh and Eighth

Revisions, and between the Sixth and

Seventh Revisions may be found in

other NCHS reports (9-11).

Besides speci~ing the classification, WHO regulations outline the

form of medical certification and the

procedures to be used in coding cause

of death. Cause-of-death data presented in this publication were coded

by procedures outlined in annual

issues of the NCIW Instruction

Manual (12-14).

Prior to data for 1968, mortality

medical data were based on manual

coding of an underlying cause of death

for each certificate in accordance with

WHO rules. Effective with data year

1968, NCHS converted to computerized coding of the underlying cause

and manual coding of all causes (multiple causes) on the death certificate.

In this system, called Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME)

(15), the multiple cause codes serve as

inputs to the computer software that

employs WHO rules to select the

underlying cause, Many States also

have implemented ACME and provide

multiple cause and underlying cause

data to NCHS in electronic form.

Beginning with data year 1990,

another computer system was implemented. This system, called Mortality

Medical Indexing, Classification, and

Retrieval (MICAR) (16,17), automates coding multiple causes of death.

In addition, MICAR can provide more

detailed information on the conditions

reported on death certificates than is

available through the International

Classification of Diseases (ICD) code

structure. In the first year of implementation, only about 5 percent

(94,372) of the Nation’s death records

were coded using MICAR with subsequent processing through ACME. For

1991 approximately 26 percent

(573,416) of the Nation’s death

records were coded using MICAR.

The following States implemented

MICAR on at least a portion of their

1991 data: Arkansas, Florida, Indiana,

and Washington. NCHS expanded the

use of MICAR to code at least a

portion of the records from the following States Alabama, Connecticut,

Hawaii, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana,

Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon,

Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, and New York City.

The remainder of the national file was

processed by either NCHS or the

States using only the ACME system.

In this report tabulations of causeof-death statistics are based solely on

the underlying cause of death. The

underlying cause is defined by WHO

as the disease or injury that initiated

the sequence of events leading directly

to death, or as the circumstances of

the accident or violence that produced

the fatal injury. It is selected from the

conditions entered by the physician in

the cause-of-death section of the death

certificate. When more than one cause

or condition is entered by the physician, the underlying cause is determined by the sequence of conditions

on the certificate, provisions of the

ICD, and associated seIection rules.
58 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993

Generally, more medical information

is reported on death certificates than is

directly reflected in the underlying

cause of death.

Codes for HIV infection

Beginning with data for 1987,

NCHS introduced category numbers

*042-*044 for classifying and coding

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection. The asterisk before the category numbers indicates that these

codes are not part of the Ninth Revision of the International Classification

of Diseases (ICD-9). Deaths classified

to HIV infection for 1990-91 are

shown in table 13. They are included,

but not shown separately, in the category “AU other infectious and parasitic

diseases” in the List of 72 Selected

Causes of Death and in the category

“Remainder of infectious and parasitic

diseases” in the List of 61 Selected

Causes of Infant Deaths. Before 1987

deaths involving HIV infection were

classified to “Deficiency of cellmediated immunity” (ICD-9 No.

279,1), contained in the category “All

other diseases”; to “Pneumocystosis”

(ICD-9 No. 136.3), contained in the

category “All other infectious and parasitic diseases”; to “Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues”;

and classified to a number of other

causes. As a consequence, cause-ofdeath data beginning with 1987 are not

strictly comparable with data for previous years.

For data years 1983-86, acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

and HIV infection, when reported on

the death certificate, were assigned to

the category “Deficiency of cellmediated immunity” (ICD-9 No.

279,1). Because the selection rules for

underlying cause of death were developed before the identification of

AIDS, other conditions mentioned on

the death certificate and not category

No. 279.1 were often selected as the

underlying cause of death during this

period. Also, this category was not

uniquely specific for HIV conditions.

As mentioned in more detail in previous reports for 1984-86 (18–20) the

number of death certificates that had

mention of conditions coded to ICD-9

No. 279.1 was 2,943 for 19846,040 for

1985; and 10,900 for 1986. It is

believed that HIV infection was

involved in most of these deaths.

Drug-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

drug-induced mortality include ICD-9

No. 292, Drug psychoses; No. 304,

Drug dependence; Nos. 305.2-305.9,

Nondependent use of drugs, not

including alcohol and tobacco; Nos.

E850-E858, Accidental poisoning by

drugs, medicaments, and biological;

Nos. E950.O-E950.5, Suicide by drugs,

medicaments, and biological No.

E962.0, Assault from poisoning by

drugs and medicaments; and Nos.

E980.O-E980.5, Poisoning by drugs,

medicaments, and biologicals, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted. Drug-induced causes

exclude accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to drug

use.

Alcohol-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

alcohol-induced mortality ‘include

ICD-9 No. 291, Alcoholic psychoses;

No, 303, Alcohol dependence syndrome; No. 305,0, Nondependent

abuse of alcohol; No. 357.5, Alcoholic

polyneuropathy No. 425.5, Alcoholic

cardiomyopathy No. 535,3, Alcoholic

gastritis; Nos. 571.0-571.3, Chronic

liver disease and cirrhosis, specified as

alcoholic; No. 790.3, Excessive blood

level of alcohol; No, E860, Accidental

poisoning by alcohol, not elsewhere

classified. Alcohol-induced causes

exclude accidents, homicides, and

other causes indirectly related to

alcohol use.

Educational attainment

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

mortali~ data on educational attainment are tabulated from information

reported on the death certificate. As a

result of the revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death (5), this item

was added to the certificates of

numerous States. Mortality data on

educational attainment for 1991 are

based on deaths to residents of the 30

States, New York State (excluding

New York City), and the District of

Columbia whose data were at least

90 percent complete on a place-ofoccurrence basis. These 30 States are

Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii,

Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,

Minnesota, Missouri, Montana,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,

South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, The

reporting area for 1990 incluc[ed all of

the areas for 1991 except Indiana,

Louisiana, and New York State

(excluding New York City).

Quality of reporting of

cause-of-death

One index of the quality of

reporting causes of death is the proportion of death certificates coded to

the Ninth Revision, Chapter XVI,

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions (ICD-9 Nos. 780-799). Although

deaths occur for which the underlying

causes are impossible to determine,

this proportion indicates the care and

consideration given to the certification

by the medical certifier. This proportion also may be used as a rou~ghmeasure of the specificity of the medical

diagnoses made by the certifier in various areas. In 1991, 1.12 percent of all

reported deaths in the United States

were assigned to Symptoms, signs, and

ill-defined conditions, the same as

1990. However, trends in the percent

of deaths assigned to this category vary

by age. Although the percent of deaths

from this cause for all ages combined

generally has remained stable since

1980, decreases have occurrecl for the

age group 55–64 years since 1!983;and

for 10-year age groups from 15 to 44

years since 1988. Between 1990 and

1991, the percent increased for all age

groups, except for those 15–44 and

55-64 years,

Population bases for

computing rates

The population used for computing death rates shown in this report

(furnished by the U.S. Bureau of the
Monthly Vital

Census) represents the population

residing in the specified area. Death

rates for 1991 are based on population

estimates as of July 1, 1991 (21,22).

The estimates are based on the 1990

census counts. Death rates and life

table values for 1981–89 shown in this

and the comparable report for 1990 (3)

have been recomputed, based on

revised populations for those years

that are consistent with the 1990

census levels (21).

Infant mortality rates shown in figure 5 and tables E and 21–25 are the

most commonly used index for measuring the risk of dying during the first

year of life. They are calculated by

dividing the number of infant deaths in

a calendar year by the number of live

births registered for the same period

and are presented as rates per 1,000 or

per 100,000 live births. Infant mortality

rates use the number of live births in

the denominator to approximate the

population at risk of dying before the

first birthday.

In contrast to infant mortality

rates based on live births, infant death

rates shown in figure 2 and tables A, 2,

5, 8, and 13 are based on the estimated

population under 1 year of age. Infant

death rates that appear in tabulations

of age-specific death rates are calculated by dividing the number of infant

deaths in a calendar year by the midyear population of infants under 1 year

of age (estimated from births occurring in the 12-month period ending

with June) and are presented as rates

per 100,000 population in this age

group. Because of differences in the

denominators, infant death rates may

differ from infant mortality rates.

Race for infant and maternal

mortality rates

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

the method of tabulating live births by

race was changed from race of child to

race of mother. This change affects

infant and maternal mortality rates

because live births comprise the

denominator of these rates. In

1989-91, as in previous years, infant

and maternal deaths continue to be

tabulated by the race of the decedent.

As noted in detail in the Technical

Appendix from Vital Statistics of the

Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~ 59

United States (23), beginning with

1989, live births are tabulated

primarily by race of mother, as

reported directly on the birth certificate. Before 1989 birth tabulations

were by race of child, as determined

statistically by an algorithm based on

race as reported for the mother and

father. Briefly, in cases of mixed parentage where only one parent was

white, the child was assigned to the

other parent’s race. When neither

parent was white, the child was

assigned the race of the father, except

if either parent was Hawaiian, the

child was assigned to Hawaiian. If race

was not reported for one parent, the

child was assigned the race of the

parent for whom race was given.

The change in tabulating live

births by race reflects three factors

over the past txvo decades —the topical

content of the birth certificate has

been expanded to include considerable

health and demographic information

related to the mother, the increasing

incidence of interracial parentage, and

the growing proportion of births for

which no information on the father is

reported.

Quantitatively, the change in the

basis for tabulating live births by race

results in more white births and fewer

black births and births of other races.

Consequently, infant and maternal

mortality rates under the new tabulating procedure tend to be about

2 percent lower for white infants and

about 5 percent higher for black

infants than they are when computed

by the previous method of tabulating

live births by race of child. Rates for

most other minority races also are

higher when computed by race of

mother as noted in detail in the Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of

the United States (7).

The change in tabulating race of

live births presents challenges to those

analyzing infant and maternal mortality data, particularly trend data. To

facilitate continuity and ease of interpretation, all rates for 1989 and 1990

are shown based on live births tabulated by race of mother and race of

child. This will make it possible to

distinguish the effects of this change

from real changes in the data. The text

in this report focuses on live birth data

tabulated by race of mother except

where trends beginning before 1989

are discussed. In the latter case, the

analysis is based on data tabulated by

race of child.

Infant mortality rates for specified

race may be biased, because of inconsistencies in reporting race between

the birth and death certificates for the

same infant. Estimates of reporting

bias have been made by comparing

rates based on the linked file of infant

deaths and live births with those where

the race of infant death is based on

information from the death certificate

and are shown in the Technical

Appendix from Vital Statistics of the

United States (7).

Cause-of-death rankings

The cause-of-death rankings

shown in figure 4 and tables B-D, 5, 6,

16, and 27 are based on the Lkt of 72

Selected Causes of Death and HIV

infection (ICD-9 Nos. *042–*044) the

cause-of-death ranking for infants in

table 23 is based on the List of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death and

HIV infection. HIV infection was

added to the lists of rankable causes

effective with data year 1987.

The group titles Major cardiovascular diseases and Symptoms, signs,

and ill-defined conditions are not

ranked from the List of 72 Selected

Causes; Certain conditions originating

in the perinatal period and Symptoms,

signs, and ill-defined conditions are

not ranked from the List of 61

Selected Causes of Infant Death. In

addition, category titles that begin with

the words “Other” and “All Other”

are not ranked to determine the

leading causes of death. When one of

the titles that represents a subtotal is

ranked (for example, Tuberculosis), its

component parts are not ranked (in

this case, Tuberculosis of respiratory

system and Other tuberculosis).

Age-adjusted rates

Age-adjusted death rates are used

to make comparisons of, relative mortality risks across groups and over

time. However, they should be viewed

as constructs or indexes rather than as

direct or actual measures of mortality
60 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

risk. Statistically, they are weighted

averages of the age-specific death

rates, where the weights represent the

fixed population proportions by age

(24). The age-adjusted rates presented

in this report were computed by the

direct method, that is, by applying the

age-specific death rates for a given

cause of death to the U.S. standard

million population (relative age distribution of 1940 enumerated population

of the U.S. totaling 1,000,000 (25)). By

using the same standard population,

the rates for the total population and

for each race-sex group were adjusted

separately. The age-adjusted rates

were based on 10-year age groups. It is

important not to compare age-adjusted

death rates with crude rates.

Random variation

Although the mortality data in this

report (except data for 1972) are not

subject to sampling error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of deaths involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such

an event is small, considerable caution

must be observed in interpreting the

data. Such infrequent events may be

assumed to follow a Poisson probability distribution. For this distribution, a simple approximation may be

used to estimate the confidence

interval, as follows:

If N is the number of registered

deaths in the population and R is the

corresponding rate, the chances are 19

in 20 (approximate 95-percent confidence interval) that

1. N- 2fland N +2*

covers the “true” number of

events,

2. R-2~ and R+2&

@ @

covers the “true” rate.

If the rate R, corresponding to N,

events is compared with the rate R2

corresponding to Nz events, the difference between the two rates may be

regarded as statistically significant if it

exceeds

3‘m

Additional information on random

variation may be found in the Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of

the United States (7).

Infant and maternal mortalip

rates —Comparisons made in the text

among infant, neonatal, postneonatal,

and maternal mortality rates, unless

otherwise specified, are statistically

significant at the 0.05 level of significance. Lack of comment in the text

about any two rates does not mean

that the difference was tested and

found not to be significant at this level.

Rates, proportions, and ratios

Beginning with 1989 data, an

asterisk is shown in place of a rate

based on fewer than 20 deaths. These

rates have a relative standard error of

23 percent or more and are, therefore,

considered statistically unreliable, For

age-adjusted death rates, this criterion

is applied to the sum of the agespecific deaths,

Life tables

U.S. abridged life tables are constructed by reference to a standard life

table (26).

Causes of death contributing to

changes in life expectancy

Causes of death contributing to

changes in life expectancy were estimated using a life table partitioning

technique. The method partitions

changes into component additive

parts. This method identifies the

causes of death having the greatest

influence, positive or negative, on

changes in life expectancy (27,28).

Hispanic origin

For 1991 mortality data for the

Hispanic-origin population are based

on deaths to residents of 47 States,

New York State (excluding New York

City), and the District of Columbia

whose data were at least 90 percent

complete on a place-of-occurrence

basis and considered to be sufficiently

comparable to be used for analysis.

Data include all States except New

Hampshire and Oklahoma, which were

excluded because their death certificates did not include an item to identify Hispanic or ethnic origin. Data for

New York City are excluded for 1991

because more than 10 percent of its

death certificates were classified to

“unknown origin.” Because about a

third of the deaths to Puerto Ricans

are accounted for by New York City,

the resulting mortality data may not be

comparable with that of previous

years.

Infant mortality rates for the

Hispanic-origin population are based

on numbers of resident infant deaths

reported to be of Hispanic-origin and

numbers of resident live births by Hkpanic origin of mother for the same 47

States, New York State (excluding

New York City), and the District of

Columbia. In computing infant mortality rates, deaths and live ‘births of

unknown origin are not distributed

among the specified Hispanic and nonHispanic groups, Because the percent

of infant deaths of unknown origin was

1.6 and the percent of live births of

unknown origin was 0,8 for the 47

States, New York State (excluding

New York City), and the District of

Columbia for 1991, infant mortality

rates shown in this report by specified

Hispanic origin and race for nonHispanic origin may be underestimated.

Infant mortality rates by Hispanic

origin may be biased, because of

inconsistencies in reporting Hispanic

origin between the birth and death

certificates for the same infant. Estimates of reporting bias have been

made by comparing rates based on the

linked file of infant deaths and live

births with those where the race of

infant death is based on information

from the death certificate (7),

Small numbers of infant deaths for

specific Hispanic-origin groups can

result in infant mortality rates subject

to relatively large random variation

(see the “Random variation” section).
In 1990 the 47 States, New York

State (excluding New York City), and

the District of Columbia accounted for

about 91 percent of the Hispanic population inthe United States, including

about 99 percent of the Mexican population, 63 percent of the Puerto

Rican population, 94 percent of the

Cuban population, and 83 percent of

the “Other Hispanic” population (29).

Computation of percent

distributions

Deaths of persons of unknown

marital status and unknown educational attainment were subtracted

from figures for total deaths used as

denominators before percent distributions were computed,

“U.S. Government Printing Mica 19S3— 342-358/S0001
64 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 42, No. 2(S) ● August 31, 1993 ~

I

I

This re ort represents summary tabulations from the final mortality statistics for 1991. More

detaile 1 tabulations for 1991 will be published in VW Statistics of the United States, 1991

Volume II – Mortality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National Center for Health

Statistics will respond to requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

1 I

Suggested citation Copyright Information National Center for Health Statistics

National Center for Health Statistics. Advance This report may be reprinted without further Director

report of final mortality statistics, 1991. permission. Manning Feinleib, M. D., Dr. P.H.

Monthly vital statistics repo~ VOI42 no 2,

suppl. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health

Deputy Director

Service. 1993.

Jack R. Anderson
Vol. 43, No. 6, Supplement ● March 22, 1995 (Corrected and reprinted)

Monthly Vital

Statistics Re~ort

m

Final Data From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROLAND PREVENTION/National Center for Health Statistics

Advance Report of Final

by Kenneth D. Kochanek, M.A. and Bettie

Selected contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Deaths and death rates . . . . 2

Expectation of life . . . . . . . . . 3

Cause of death . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

HIV infection . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hispanic deaths . . . . . . . . . 9

Firearm deaths . . . . . . . . . . 9

Drug-induced deaths . . . . . 9

Alcohol-induced deaths... 9

Marital status . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Educational attainment . . . . . 10

Infant mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Hispanic infant

mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Maternal mortality . . . . . . . . . . 11

Report of autopsy . . . . . . . . . 12

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

List of detailed tables . . . . . . 14

Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Highlights

MortalityStatistics,

L. Hudson, Division of Viii Statistics

In 1992 a record 2,175,613 deaths

were registered in the United States,

6,095 more than the previous high of

2,169,518 deaths recorded in 1991 and

27,150 more deaths than in 1990. The

death rate for 1992 was 852.9 deaths per

100,000 population compared with the

rate of 860.3 in 1991 and 863.8 in 1990.

Provisional data indicate that the death

rate increased in 1993. The age-adjusted

death rate, which eliminates the distorting

effects of the aging of the population, was

at a record low of 504.5 per 100,000 U.S.

standard million population, 1.8 percent

below the 1991 rate of 513.7 and 13.9

percent below the 1980 rate of 585.8. The

age-adjusted rate decreased for the white

and black populations betsveen 1991 and

1992.

For most of the 10-year age groups

for males and females, death rates

declined between 1991 and 1992, but

rates increased for ages 35-44 years. The

cause of death contributing most to the

increase in death rates for males and

females aged 35-44 years was Human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

In 1992 life expectancy at birth

reached a record high of 75.8 years.

Women currently are expected to outlive

men by an average of 6.8 years, and

white persons are expected to outlive

black persons by an average of 6.9 years.

White females continue to have the

highest life expectancy at birth (79.8

years), followed by black females (73.9

years), white males (73.2 years), and

black males (65.0 years). Although life

expectancy for black males increased in

1992, it was still below the peak attained

in 1984. The gain in life expectancy of

0.3 year for the total population can be

explained primarily by decreasing death

rates for Diseases of heart and Accidents

and adverse effects, despite increases in

death rates for HIV infection and Diabetes mellitus.

NOTE This report haa been reprinted to correct errors. Changes appear in shaded areas on pages 17,20,21,26,29,51, and 57. Please discard original report

dated December 8, 1994.

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics under the general direction of Harry M. Rosenberg, Chief of the Mortality Statistics Branch.

Thomas D. Dunn of the Statistical Resources Branch provided statisticrd tables and content review. Charles E. Royer of the Systems and Programming

Branch provided computer programming support. Staff of the Registration Methods Branch and the Technical Services Branch provided consultation to State

vital statistics officesregarding collection of the death certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Patricia Keaton-Wflliams and

typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Service

Centers

National

for Disease

Center for

Control

Health

and

Statistics

Prevention cmCSNTERS FOR OISSAS= CONS’FW

AND PRSVSNTSON
2~ Monthly Vital Statlstke Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

The ranking of the leading causes of

death for the total population in 1992

changed for two causes, HIV infection

and Suicide. The first seven leading

causes of death—Diseases of heart;

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (cancer); Cerebrovascular diseases

(stroke); Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions; Accidents

and adverse effects; Pneumonia and influenza; and Diabetes mellitus-accounted

for 77.5 percent of deaths and were the

seven leading causes in the previous year.

HIV infection continued to climb,

moving up from the ninth leading cause

in 1991 to eighth in 1992. Suicide

dropped from the eighth leading cause

between 1982 and 1991, to the ninth

leading cause in 1992.

Age-adjusted death rates for 11 of

the leading causes of death for the total

population declined between 1991 and

1992, led by reductions for Atherosclerosis, Accidents and adverse effects, and

Pneumonia and influenza. Mortality for

Motor vehicle accidents, a component of

Accidents and adverse effects, declined

by 7 percent between 1991 and 1992.

Heart disease, the leading cause of death

in the United States, and stroke, the third

leading cause of death, continued their

long-term declines.

Increases in age-adjusted death rates

for leading causes of death between 1991

and 1992 were led by HIV infection, with

a record high age-adjusted death rate. The

age-adjusted death rate for HIV infection

increased by 11.5 percent between 1991

and 1992, a marked slowing from the

previous year. The age-adjusted death

rate also increased for Diabetes mellitus

(1 percent).

Mortality from drug-induced deaths

increased sharply between 1991 and

1992, while age-adjusted death rates for

alcohol-induced causes remained

unchanged. Rates from firearm injuries—

reported for the first time in this

report+eclined after increasing steadily

from 1987.

The age-adjusted death rate for

males was about 72 percent higher than

that for females for all causes of death

combined. For each of the 15 leading

causes of death, male mortality was

higher. The greatest sex differential was

for HTVinfection, where the age-adjusted

rate for males was 7.0 times that for

females. The smallest sex differential was

for Diabetes mellitus, with a male-tofemale ratio of 1.1.

Overall, age-adjusted death rates for

the black population exceeded those of

the white population by about 61 percent.

Rates also were higher for most of the

leading causes of death. The largest race

differential continued to be for Homicide

and legal intervention, for which the ageadjusted rate for the black population was

6.5 times that of the white population.

The two leading causes that had lower

rates for the black population were

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions and Suicide.

Leading causes of death differed by

age. Overall, the leading cause of death

for the age group 1-4 years and each age

group through 2544 years was Accidents

and adverse effects. For ages 45-64,

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues was the leading cause. For the age

group 65 years and over, the leading

cause of death was Diseases of heart. The

leading cause of death was the same for

the white and black populations for all

age groups except 15–24 years and 25-44

years. For the white population, Accidents and adverse effects was the leading

cause for these two age groups. For the

black population, Homicide and legal

intervention was the leading cause for

those 15–24 years of age, and HIV infection was the leading cause for those aged

25-44 years.

In 1992 leading causes of death differed between the Hispanic and the nonHispanic white populations in an area

comprised of 48 States and the District of

Columbia. Although the two leading

causes of death—Diseases of heart and

cancer—were the same for the two population groups, substantial differences exist

in the ranking of other leading causes.

The infant mortality rate (8.5 infant

deaths per 1,000 live births) reached a

record low in 1992. Among the leading

causes of infant mortality, the causes ccmtributing the most to the improvement in

the rate were Respiratory distress syndrome and Sudden infant death syndrome. An increasing infant mortality rate

for Newborn affected by complications

of placena cord and membranesprevented

the infhnt mortality rate from decreasing

further. hfan~ neonati and postneonatal

mortality rates deelined for white and black

infants between 1991 and 1992.In 1992 the

infant mortality rate for black infants

remained at more than twice that for white

infants.

The mortality data in this report can

be used to monitor the health of the

Nation and to identify groups at greatest

risk for death from specific diseases and

injuries. Differences in death rates by

race may reflect differences in factors

such as socioeconomic status, access to

medical care, and the prevalence of specific risks.

Deaths and death rates

In 1992 a total of 2,175,613 deaths

occumed in the United States, 6,095 more

than in 1991 and 27,150 more than in

1990. Before 1992 the 1991 total of

2,169,518 deaths was the largest final

number ever recorded. Although the

number of deaths increased between 1991

and 1992, the death rate for 1992, 852.9

per 100,000 populatio~ was 0.9 percent

lower than the rate of 860.3 in 1991. In

1990 the death rate was 863.8. The provisional death rate for 1993 (879.3) was

up from 1992 (l).

Age-adjusted death rates are constructs that show what the level of mortality would be if no changes occurred in

the age composition of the population ffom

year to year. (For a discussion of ageadjusteddeath rates,see “Teclmiciflnotes.”)

Thus, they are better indicatom than unadjusted death ratesfor showing changesin the

risk of death over a period of time when the

age distribution of the population is

changing.ALw,they are better indicatorsof

relative risk when comparisons of mortality

are being made for sex or race subgroups of

the population that have different age compositions.’The age-adjusted death rate of

504.5 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standardmillion population in 1992 was a record low,

1,8 percent below the rate of 513.7 for 1991

and 13.9 percent below the rate of 585.8 for

1980 (figure 1).Since 1980 the age-adjusted

death rate has decreased every year except

1985 and 1988, years when major influenza

outbreak increased mortality in the United

States (2,3).
Monthly Vital Statistics Repori ● Voi. 43, No, 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~3

1,300

r 1

1,3W

1,2001- ~ 1,200

.51,100

~ Crude death rate

~

0 900 -

8

●**

*.. *

$ 800 -

-0 ●. . *** -***.*--* **

g 700 -

●

‘*m..

●+

$ 6(KI - Age-adjusted death rate **o** Q

● .*- .=9.....*.,

500 ~ !

1,100

I,ooo

900

800

700

6fM

S&l

L J

o~o 1940 1950 1960 1970 1960 1990 1995

NOTE:Cruds death rates M an annual basis per 100,0+30 pqxrlatiim

age-adjusted rates par 100,000 U.S. standard million population see Techn”wl notes.

Figure 1. Crude and age-adjusted death rates: United States, 1940-1992

Death rates by age, sex, and race

Between 1991 and 1992, death rates

for both sexes combined declined for all

of the 10-year age groups except 35-44

years (table A). The largest decrease (8.0

pereent) occurred for the age group 14

years, and the only increase (2.0 percent)

occurred for those aged 3544 years.

For the white population, death rates

declined between 1991 and 1992 for all

age groups except 3544 years. The

largest decrease (8.6 percent) occurred

for those 14 years of age, and the only

increase (2.1 percent) occurred for those

aged 35-44 years. For the black population, death rates declined for all age

groups except those aged under 1 year,

3544 years, and 85 years and over. The

largest decline occurred for the age group

1-4 years (8.2 percent), and the largest

increase occurred for those aged under 1

year and 35-44 years (0.8 percent).

The death rate for males also

declined between 1991 and 1992 for all

age groups except 35-44 years. ‘I%e

largest decrease for males was for those

1-4 years (7.7 percent), and the only

increase was for those aged 35-44 years

(2.3 percent). The increase in death rates

between 1991 and 1992 for males aged

35-44 years continued the increase begun

between 1983 and 1984, a reversal of the

downward trend for this age group since

the late 1960’s (figure 2 and table A).

For females age-specific rates have

generally been decreasing since 1950.

Between 1991 and 1992, death rates

declined for all age groups exeept 3544

years. The largest decrease in death rates

between 1991 and 1992 occurred for

females 1-4 years (8.7 percent). The only

increase was for 35-44 years (1.1

percent).

Death rates for the younger population under 15 years of age are subject to

Table A. Percent change in death rates between 1991 and 1992 by age, race, and sex:

United States

Age Totall White Black Male Female

Percent change

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 4.7 –1 .7 –1 .2 -0.6

Under lyear2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –5.6 -6.0 0.8 -6.6 4.2

14yeam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.0 +.6 -6.2 -7.7 -8.7

5-14yeare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 -8.4 –1 .5 –5.2 4.4

15-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 -5.4 -3.7 4.2 -5.6

2H4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 -0.7 –1 .9 -1.0 -0.9

35-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.1 0.6 2.3 1.1

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.7 -2.7 -2.4 -2.2 -3.7

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.5 -2.9 -0.6 -2.8 -2.1

65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.1 -1.0 -2.0 -1.9 -0.3

75-84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1 .9 –1 .8 -3.5 –2.7 -1.5

85years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 -0.9 0.0 -0.3 –1 .2

1ln~lud~ races other than whtie d bkk.

2DeafjI ~ate~ under 1 ~em (based ~ ppulation estimates) dfier from infant mortmy retes (based on rweNtis); *table E for

19S2infant mortalii rates and Technisel wtes fw funher discu~ion of tie dflerenw.

substantial fluctuation from year to year

because of the relatively small number of

deaths occurring in these age groups.

Death rates at these ages were very low

compared with other ages.

Age-adjusted death rates for white

males and black males deereased by 2.1

percent between 1991 and 1992. The

age-adjusted death rate decreased by 1.7

percent for white females and 1.2 percent

for black femaies. Age-adjusted death

rates have deereased almost every year

since 1980 for white males and females,

resulting in yet another set of record low

rates in 1992. For black males, rates

decreased between 1980 and 1982,

increased between 1984 and 1988, and

decreased between 1988 and 1992,

resulting in a record low rate of 1,026.9

in 1992. Rates for black females fluctuated between 1980 and 1987 but have

decreased each year since 1988. The

1992 age-adjusted rate of 568.4 was a

record low for black females.

In 1992 the age-adjusted death rate

for males of all races was 1.7 times that

for females. In 1950 the male-to-female

ratio was 1.5. The 1970 ratio (1.7)

increased to 1.8 during the late 1970’s

until 1987 when the ratio again declined

to 1.7. For 1992 the ratio between male

and female age-adjusted death rates was

1.7 for the white population and 1.8 for

the black population.

In 1992 the age-adjusted death rate

for the black population was 1.6 times

that for the white population, the same

ratio that has prevailed since 1987. For

1960-86, the ratio was 1.5.

Expectation of life at birth and

at specified ages

In 1992 the average expectation of

life at birth reached a record high of 75.8

years. This continued the general upward

trend in life expectancy in the United

States.

The expectation of life at birth for

1992 represents the average number of

years that a group of infants would live if

the infants were to experience throughout

life the age-specific death rates prevailing

in 1992. In 1992 life expectancy for

females was 79.1 years compared with

72.3 years for males both figures represent increases over 1991. The difference

in life expectancy between the sexes was
4~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

40,000

20,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

g 2,000

2

0

a

: 1,000

0- 600 0

600

~

~ 400

2

200

Male

85 years and over

75-84 years b

—==u ——-——---

--H---

65-74 yeaffi

-% . -.-”-”--m ~

---

-9-.-=—

.

- —.—- ——

55-64 years

45-54 years

~...q . . . . . . . . ...= - .==......

35-44 years

- .

25-34 years

.

---_d* # ---- ~

~---~ 0

.- .+-/. -J-

-*** ● v- L.4.-.*

●. 15-24 years ●. . ...*

100

60

60

I

-~

40

“*. . . . . ●. . ...-.”.

l-4vears ● -

A . ...-..’* -1

-. .*

“-\___ 4

.*==....*

... ---

:L~ 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960 1965 1990

Female

‘w

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

1,000

800

600

400

200

100

80

60

40

20

E

75-84 years

-——__

----

\

3

--- —A

65-74 years

Underl yeari

% N--- _5&6u:

r-●..* 45-54 years

“=.. -..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“=. . ..-.

== 9.....

:“3,-_.-_~-~e

-==== =... .. m..

-~ 14 yeara -\__

+ ●==....

-m

bd--=

_m_.---**a~

:\

15-24 years

\-

---

---

5-14 years ~~~

L.+fi

10 ~ud.d

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

1 Death rd.5!S under 1 year (based on population eatmales) differ f,om infant morfality raIes (based On live biflha~ see figure .5 for Infant mortality rates and Techmcal

notas for furlher dlscwwon of the dolference,

Figure 2. Death rates by age and sex United States, 1950-92

6.8 years in 1992, smaller than the difference of 6.9 years in 1991. In contrast to

widening from 1900 to 1972 (2.0 years in

1900, 5.5 years in 1950, and 6.5 years in

1960), the difference in life expectancy

between the sexes narrowed between

1979 and 1988 (7.7 and 7.8 years

throughout the period 1972–79, 7.1 years

in 1984, and 6.9 years in 1988) and has

subsequently fluctuated between 6.8 and

7.0 years,

Between 1991 and 1992, life expectancy for the white population increased

from 76.3 years to a record high of 76.5

years, and for the black population, from

69.3 years to 69.6 years. Although the

difference in life expectancy between the

white and black populations narrowed

from 7.6 years in 1970 to 5.7 years in

1982, it increased to 7.1 years in 1989

before declining to 7.0 years in 1990 and

1991, and 6.9 years in 1992.

Among the four race-sex groups (figure 3), white females continued to have

the highest life expectancy at birth (79.8

years), followed by black females (73.9

years), white males (73.2 years), and

black males (65.0 years). Between 1991

and 1992, life expectancy increased for

black males (from 64.6 years in 1991 to

65.0 years in 1992) and for black females

(from 73.8 in 1991 to 73.9 in 1992).

Black males experienced an unprecedented decline in life expectancy every

year for 1984-89 (4), but an annual

increase in 1990, 1991, and 1992. However, life expectancy for black males was

still 0.3 year below the peak life expectancy of 65.3 years attained in 1984.

Before 1988 life expectancy for black

females fluctuated, but life e~pectancy

for black females increased from 1988 to

1992. Overall, the largest gain in life

expectancy between 1980 and 1992 was

for white males (2.5 years), followed by

white females (1.7 years), black females

(1.4 years), and black males (1.2 years).

The 1992 life table may be used to

compare life expectancies at any age

from birth onward. For example, a person

who has reached age 65 years may look

forward to living to an older age, on the

average, than one who has reached 50

years. On the basis of mortality experienced in 1992, a person aged 50 years

could expect to live an average of 29.3

more years for a total of 79.3 years, and a
80 -

79

White female

78

77

76

75

74

Black femafa al .-m . . . ..m m..... . . . . . . ..** W*=”4

73

●.* .*.. *.

72

..**

. . . . . . d.-.”’-’-” .

. +, _.-*-.-*

9 71

●*.

● ._. /.-.**

$J 70 ●+ .*, *

69 ●m.9..* .~

White male

-~a_# -,/

66 L

o I 1 I I I ! I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 1 I 1 I

1970 1972 1974 1976 197s leeo 1962 19s4 1W6 leas 1990 1s92

Figure 3. Life expectancy by sex United States, 1970-1992

person aged 65 years could expect to live

an average of 17.5 more years for a total

of 82.5 years.

Cause of death

Deaths assigned to the 15 leading

causes of death for the total population

accounted for 86 pereent of the total

number of deaths in 1992 (table B). (For

ranking procedures, see “Technical

notes.”) The ranking of 13 of the 15

leading causes of death for 1992 was

unchanged from the list based on data for

1991. The rankings changed for only two

of the causes. Suicide, the eighth leading

cause between 1982 and 1991, and HIV

infection, the ninth leading cause in 1991,

switched rankings in 1992.

In 1992 the leading causes of death

differed substantially by age. At the

younger ages (the age group 1-4 years

and each age group through 25-44 years),

Accidents and adverse effects was the

leading cause, while at the older ages

chronic diseases were the Ieading

causes—Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues for those aged 45-64 years

and Diseases of heart for those aged 65

years and over. Within broad age groups

for the white and black populations, the

leading cause was the same except for the

age groups 15–24 and 25+4 years. For

the age group 15-24 years, the leading

cause for the white population was Accidents and adverse effects, while the

leading cause for the black population

was Homicide and legal intervention. For

the age group 2544 years, the leading

cause for the white population was Accidents and adverae effects, while the

leading cause for the black population

‘was HIV infection. For the age group

15–24 yeara and every age group through

65 years and over, Accidents and adverse

effects ranked higher for the white population, while Homicide and legal intervention and HIV infection consistently

ranked higher for the black population for

all age groups under 65 years.

Trends in mortality based on ageadjusted death rates are shown in figure 4

and table C for 14 of the 15 leading

causes of death for the total population

for aq ages. Age-adjusted rates for Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period are not discussed because

deaths from this cause occur mainly

among infants under 1 year.

For 11 of the leading causes of death

for the total population, the age-adjusted

death rates decreased between 1991 and

1992 (table C). These causes were Diseases of heart, Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues, Cerebrovascuku

diseasea, Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions, Accidents

and adverse effkcts, Pneumonia and intluenza, Suicide, Homicide and legal intervention Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis, Septicemia, and Atherosclerosis. The largest declines were for Atherosclerosis (7.7 percent), Pneumonia and

influenza (5.2 percent), and Accidents

and adverse effects (5.2 percent). Motor

vehicle aeeidents, a component of Accidents and adverae effects, declined by 7.1

percent between 1991 and 1992. The

declines for Diseases of heart, Cerebrovascular diseases, and Atheroaelerosis

were consistent with the generally downward trends observed since 1950. Accidents and adverse effects has exhibited a

general downward trend since 1968,

Tabie B. Death rates and pereent of total deaths for the 15 ieading causes of death for the

totai population: United States, 1992

Fates per 100,WY) population]

Rank

Percent

Cause of death (Ninth Revision,

order 1

of total

International Class ficafion of Diseases, 1975) Rate deatfrs

. . . All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.9 100.0

1 Oiseaees of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.4 33.0

2 Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasma of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.1 23.9

3 Cerebrovaacular diaaasaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 6.6

4 Chronic obatructiie pulm~ary diseases

andalliad wndiiions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0

5 Accidentaand adverae effwts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

34.0 4.0

. . . Motor vahicleaccidenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.1 1.9

. . . All other accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 2.1

6 Pneumonia andinfiuenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 3.5

Oiabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;

19.6 2.3

Human immunodeficiency virus infection. . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 1.5

9 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0

10

1.4

Homicide and legal intervention ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 1.2

11 ChronicIiier disease and cirrhosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9

12

1.2

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. . . . . . . . 6.7 1.0

13 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 0.9

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6

;: Ce!tain conditions originating in the parinatal period. . . . 6.2 M

. . . Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 13.6

1Ram @ad on number of desm %s Technicalnot=
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~7

Table C. Age-adjusted death rates for 1992 and pereent changes in age-adjusted death

rates for the 15 leading causes of death for the total population from 1991 to 1SS2 and

1979 to 19%2 United States

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million populetiom see Technical notes]

Percent

chamge fromAge-@iusfsd 1991 1979

Rank Cause of death (Ninth Revision, death rates to

orderl lntenrstional Ciass8cstion of Diseases, 1975) for 1992 1992 1:2

. ..

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

6

1:

11

12

13

14

15

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.5

Oiseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.3

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplaems of lymphatic

andhematopoiatic tieeues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.1

Cerebrovaaouler diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

wndltions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9

Accidenta andadverae effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4

Motor vehicle accidenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8

All other accidents and adverse affects . . . . . . . . . . 13.7

Pneumonia andinffuenze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9

Human immunodaficienoy virus infection. . . . . . . . . . . 12.6

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1

Homicide andlagal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jo.5

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0

Nephritis, naphrotic syndrome, andnephrosis. . . . . . . . 4.3

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4

OerkXncondiions originating inthepafinatal pend2. . . ---

-1.8

-2.6

-1.0

-2.2

-1.0

-5.2

-7.1

-1.4

-5.2

175

-2.6

-3.7

-3.6

—

-2.4

-7.7

-5.2

-12.6

-27.7

1.6

-37.0

36.3

-al .5

-31.9

-30.1

13.4

21.4

..-

-5.1

2.9

-33.3

—

73.9

-57.9

-42.6

indeedete2e-sdjusted rates.

In 1988, HIV infection increased 21.8

percent in 1989, 29.9 percen~ in 1990,

12.6 percen~ and in 1991, 15.3 percent.

The age-adjusted death rate for HIV

infection, 12.6, was a new record high.

The age-adjusted death rate for Diabetes

mellitus showed a much smaller increase

for 1992, 1991, and 1990 (1.0 pereent for

each year) compared with the abrupt 14

percent increase in 1989. Diabetes mellitus mortality decreased from the late

1960’s throughout the 1970’s and

remained at a plateau until 1988. The

age-adjusted death rate for Nephritis,

nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis

remained unchanged between 1991 and

1992.

The very large decrease in mortality

for Atherosclerosis and the very large

increase for Diabetes mellitus that

occurred between 1988 and 1989 may be

because almost all States implemented a

revision of the death certificate patterned

after the 1989 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death. A large

majority of these States altered the

medical certification of death and instructions in such a way that physicians may

have changed the way in which they

report causes of death (5–7).

Mortality levels for each of the 15

leading causes of death for the total population were higher for males than for

females (table D). Ten of the leading

causes of death showed differentials in

which death rates for males were at least

1.5 times those for females. The ageadjusted death rate for HIV infection, in

which the death rate for males was 7.0

times that for females, was the largest

differential. Other large differentials were

for Suicide (4.3> Homicide and legal

intervention (4.0} Accidents and adverae

effects (2.6); Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis (2.4); Diseaaes of heart (1.9);

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions (1.7); Pneumonia

and influenza (1.7); Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome, and nephrosis (1.5); and

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (1.5). The smallest sex dfierence

in mortality was for Diabetes mellitus,

with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1.

For females the age-adjusted death

rate for all causes combined deereased by

1.6 percent between 1991 and 1992. The

rates for eight of the leading cause.s of

death for the total population decreased

for females, including Diseases of hea@

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues; Cerebrovascular diseases; Accidents and adverse effect%Pneumonia and

influenza; Homicide; Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis; and Atherosclerosis.

Increases in rates occurred for two

leading causes-HIV infection and

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. The rate for four causes, Chronic

obstructive pulmonary diseases and allied

conditions, Diabetes mellitus, Suicide,

and Septicemia were unchanged.

The increase in the death rate for the

female population aged 35+4 years

between 1991 and 1992 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for HIV

infection. Decreases in death rates for

ages 14, 5-14, 15–24, and 25-34 years

were primarily due to decreases in the

rates for Accidents and adverse effects;

while decreases for ages 65–74, 75–84,

and 85 years and over were due to

decreases in the rates for Diseases of

heart.

For males the age-adjusted death rate

for all causes combined declined by 2.1

percent between 1991 and 1992. The

rates for 11 of the leading causes of death

for the total population deereased for

males, including Diseases of heati,

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tkue% Cerebrovascular diseases;

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions; Accidents and

adverse effect% Pneumonia and influenq Suicide; Homicide and legal intervention; Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis; Septicemia; and Atherosclerosis. Increases in the age-adjusted death

rate occurred for Diabetes mellitu$ HIV

infection, and Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. For males the

large3t increase was for HIV infeetion

(10.9 pereent). Between 1991 and 1992

the age-adjusted death rate for Motor

vehicle accidents, a component of Accidents and adverse effects, continued the

decline observed between 1988 and 1991.

The increase in the death rate for the

male population aged 3544 years

between 1991 and 1992 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for HIV

infection. Decreases in death rates for

agea 1-4, 5-14, 15–24, and 25–34 yeara

were primarily due to decreases in the

rates for Accidents and adverse effects;
8~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table D. Ratio of age-adjusted death rates for 15 leading causes of death for the total

population by aex and race: United States, 1992

Ratio of–

Rank Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Male to Black to

order 1 international Classification of Diseases, 1975) female white

. . . All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.72 1,61

1 Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 1.48

2 Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.45 1.37

3 Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.18 1.86

4 Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases and allied

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.70 0.61

5 Accidents and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.63 1.27

.,. Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.35 1.03

. . . Another accidents andadverseeffeots . . . . . . . . . 2.97 1.57

6 Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.69 1.44

7 Oiabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 2.41

8 Human immunodeficiency virus infection. . . . . . . . . . 6.97 3.69

9 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28 0.58

10 Homioide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.96 6.46

11 Chronic liver disease andcirrhosia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.42 1.48

12 Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis. . . . . . . 1.53 2.76

13 Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.28 2.71

14 Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.33

15

1.08

Certain conditions originating intheperinatal period2. . . 1.22 3.21

lRsnk based on number of death% sw Technical notes.

zl”ssmu~h as deaths tr~m th~e ~“ses ~~”r m~nly ~~ng i“fsnts, mti~ are bssed on infant mortsp~ rates in~ead of ageadjusted death rates.

while decreases for ages 45–54 years and

each age group through 85 years and over

were due to decreases in the rates for

Diseases of heart.

Mortality was higher for the black

population than for the white population

for most of the leading causes of death

for the total population (table D). The

largest differential was for Homicide and

legal intervention, for which the ageadjusted death rate for the black population was 6.5 times that of the white

population. Other causes for which the

differential was large include HIV infection (3.7); Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

and nephrosis (2.8); Septicemia (2,7);

Diabetes mellitus (2.4); Cerebrovaseular

diseases (1.9); Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis (1.5); and Diseases of heart

(1.5). Age-adjusted rates for the black

population were lower than those for the

white population for two leading causes

of death-Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions and Suicide.

For the white population, decreases

in age-adjusted rates occurred for 10 of

the total population’s leading causes of

death. The largest decrease was for Atherosclerosis (7.7 percent). Only one

leading cause increased for the white

population, HIV infection (8.9 percent).

The increase in the death rate for the

white population aged 3544 years

between 1991 and 1992 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for HIV

infection. Decreases in the death rates for

the white population aged 1+ 5–14,

15-24, and 25–34 years were primarily

due to decreases in the rates for Accidents

and adverse effects; while decreases for

ages 65–74, 75–84, and 85 yeara and over

were due to decreases in the rates for

Diseases of heart.

For the black population, ageadjusted death rates were lower in 1992

than in 1991 for 11 of the total population’s leading causes of death. The largest

decrease was for Atherosclerosis (10.3

percent). The only leading cause that

increased for the black population was

HIV infection (17.5 percent).

The increase in the death rate for the

black population aged 3544 years

between 1991 and 1992 was primarily

due to an increase in the rate for HIV

infection. Decreases in the death rates for

the black population aged 1-4, 5-14,

15-24, and 25-34 years between 1991 and

1992were primarily due to a decrease in the

rate for Accidents and adverse effaky while

decreaaesfor ages 55-64,65-74, and 75-84

years were due to decreaaesin the rates for

Diseases of heart.

Despite increases in HIV infection

and Diabetes mellitus, the overall life

expectancy improved to 75.8 yeara in

1992 primarily because of decreases in

mortality from Diseases of heart and

Accidents and adverse effects. (For discussion of contribution to change in life

expectancy, see “Technical notes.”)

Among white males, life expectancy

improved by 0.3 year between 1991 and

1992 because of decreases in Diseases of

heart and Accidents and adverse effects

although rates for HIV infection

increased. The improvement in life

expectancy for white females also

reflected decreases in Diseases of heart

but was limited to a gain of 0.2 year

because of increases in Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues and

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. For black males,

improvements in mortality from Accidents and adverse effects and Diseases of

heart were the causes of death that principally contributed to the 0.4-year gain in

life expectancy. This gain occurred

despite offsetting increases in HIV infection. The life expectancy for black

females improved by 0.1 year, in part,

because of decreasing rates for Diseases

of heart.

The life expectancy for white males

was 8.2 years higher than that for black

males in 1992. Specific causes of death

with much lower mortality for white

males influenced this difference. The

causes of death contributing the most to

this difference were Homicide and legal

intervention and Diseases of heart. The

life expectancy for white females was 5.9

years higher than that for black females

in 1992. The causes of death contributing

the most to this d~erence were Diseases

of heart and Malignant neoplasms,

including neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopojetic tissues.

HIV infection

In 1992a total of 33,566 deaths were

reported aa due to HIV infection, 13.6

percent more than the 29,555 deaths in

1991. Of these deaths, 60 percent (20,161

deaths) were for white males; 27 percent

(8,925) for black males; 7 pereent (2,453)

for black females; and 5 pereent (1,760

deaths) were for white females. The
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~9

largest numbers for males and females

were for the age groups 25–34 and 35-44

years. Although the numbers of deaths

were greatest for white males, the ageadjusted death rates and almost all agespecific death rates were highest for black

males, followed by white males, black

females, and white females.

Overall, HIV infection was ranked as

the eighth leading cause of death in 1992.

For the black population, it ranked sixth;

and for the white population, it ranked

ninth among the leading causes of death.

For males of all races combined, HIV

infection was the seventh leading cause

of death while for females, it did not

rank among the 10 leading causes.

By age HIV infection ranked among

the 10 leading causes of death for ages

1-4, 5–14, 15–24, 25-44, and 45-64

years. HIV infection ranked seventh for

ages 14 years, seventh for ages 5–14

years, sixth for ages 15–24 years, second

for ages 25-44 years, and eighth for ages

45-64 years. Although HiY infection was

the seventh leading cause for ages 1-4

years, the number of deaths due to this

cause was relatively small—161 deaths,

or 2 percent of deaths from all causes for

that age group.

Hispanic deaths

Leading causes of death for all age

groups combined for the Hispanic population differ by rank and cause from those

for the non-Hispanic white population in

an area comprised of 48 States and the

District of Columbia (see “Technical

notes”). Although the two leading causes

of death—Diseases of heart and Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues—are

the same for both groups, they accounted

for 59 percent of all deaths in 1992 for

the non-Hispanic white population but

for only 43 percent of the deaths for the

Hispanic population.

Major differences in leading causes

of death between the two groups were as

follows: Of the 10 leading causes of

death for the Hispanic population,

two-Homicide and legal intervention

(5th leading cause), and Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

(lOth)-were not among the 10 leading

causes for the non-Hispanic white population. Conversely, two of the leading

causes for the non-Hispanic white population were not among the 10 leading

causes for the Hispanic population

including Chronic obstructive pulmonary

diseases and allied conditions (fourth)

and Suicide (eighth).

Differences in the ranking of the

leading causes of death between the two

population groups largely reflect differences in age composition between the

two groups; that is, the Hispanic population has a greater proportion of young

persons, and, accordingly, a larger proportion of deaths due to causes that are

more prevalent at younger ages. Within

broad age groups, leading causes were

more similar between the two population

groups. However, even within age categories some differences exist. Homicide

and legal intervention consistently ranked

higher for the Hispanic population than

for the non-Hispanic white population for

all age groups between 15–24 years and

45-64 years. HIV infeetion for the Hispanic population aged 1-14, 15–24,

25-44, and 45-64 years consistently

ranked higher than that for the nonHispanic white population for these same

age groups. Diabetes mellitus and

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis ranked

higher for the Hispanic population aged

45-64 years and 65 years and over.

Firearm deaths

Beginning with this re~rt, deaths

from firearm injuries are shown. The category includes firearm deaths that were

accidents, suicides, and homicides, as

well as those for which the manner of

death could not be determined (for

firearm deaths, see “Technical notes”).

In 1992 a total of 37,776 persons

died from firearm injuries in the United

States. This number was 1.4 percent

lower than the 38,317 deaths in 1991.

Firearm suicide and homicide, the two

major component causes, accounted for

48 and 47 percent, respectively, of all

firearm injury deaths in 1992.

Of the 37,776 firearm injury deaths

in 1992, 59 percent were for white males,

25 percent for black males, 10 percent for

white females, and 3.5 percent for black

females. The largest number of deaths for

this cause for males and females were for

age groups 15-24 and 25-34 years,

Although the numbers of deaths were

highest for white males, the age-adjusted

and age-specific death rates for firearm

injuries were highest for black males,

followed by white males, black females,

and white females.

In 1992 the age-adjusted death rate

for firearm injuries was 14.9 deaths per

100,000 U.S. standard million population, compared with a rate of 15.2 in

1991. The rate decreased by 14.2 pereent

between 1980 and 1985 but increased

every year between 1987 and 1991. The

age-adjusted death rate decreased

between 1991 and 1992 for white males,

white females, and black males, while

remaining unchanged for black females.

The rate for mrdes was 6.3 times the rate

for females, and the rate for the black

population was 3.0 times that of the white

population.

In 1992 the age-specific death rate

years for firearm homicide deaths peaked

at ages 15–24 years for white and black

males, while the firearm suicide deaths

peaked at ages 75–84 years.

Drug-induced deaths

In 1992 a total of 11,703 persons

died of drug-induced causes in the United

States. The category drug-induced causes

includes not only deaths from dependent

and nondependent use of drugs (legal and .

illegal use), but also poisoning from

medically prescribed and other drugs. It

excludes accidents, homicides, and other

causes indirectly related to drug use (for

drug-induced causes, see “Technical

notes”). The age-adjusted death rate for

drug-induced causes in 1992 was 4.3

deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard million

population. The rate increased by 35 pereent from 1983 to 1988, then declined 14

percent between 1988 and 1990, and

increased by 19 percent from 1990 to

1992. The age-adjusted death rate for

drug-induced causes for males was 2.1

times the rate for females, and the rate for

the black population was 1.7 times that

for the white population.

Alcohol-induced deaths

In 1992 a total of 19,568 persons

died of alcohol-induced causes in the

United States. The category alcoholindueed ea~es includes not only deaths

from dependent and nondependent use of

alcohol, but also accidental poisoning by
lo~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

alcohol. It excludes accidents, homicides,

and other causes indirectly related to

alcohol use (for alcohol-induced causes,

see “Technical notes”). The age-adjusted

death rate for alcohol-induced causes in

1992 was 6.8 deaths per 100,000 U.S.

standard million population, the same

rate as in 1991. The rate decreased by 20

percent from 1980 to 1986, increased by

9 percent from 1986 to 1989, and then

decreased by 7 percent from 1989 to

1991. The age-adjusted death rate for

alcohol-induced causes for males was 3.5

times the rate for females, and the rate for

the black population was 2.2 times the

rate for the white population.

Marital status

About 90 percent of the persons 15

years of age and over who died in 1992

had been married. The moDortion was

Infant mortality

There were 34,628 deaths of infants

under 1 year of age (table E) in 1992

compared with 36,766 in the previous

year. The infant mortality rate of 8.5

infant deaths per 1,000 live births was the

lowest final rate ever recorded for the

United States (figure 5). It represented a

decline of 4.5 percent from the rate of 8.9

for the previous year. The mortality rate

for white infants declined 5.5 percent (7.3

in 1991 compared with 6.9 in 1992); and

the rate for black infants declined 4.5

percent (17.6 in 1991 compared with 16.8

in 1992).

In 1992 the infant mortality rate for

black infants (16.8) was 2.4 times the rate

for white infants (6.9), the same ratio as

in the previous year. Historically, the

ratio has been increasing (8).

Between 1991 and 1992 the neonatal

larger for females (92 p~rce~t) than for mortality rate declined by 3.6 percent,

males (87 percent) and for the white from 5.6 to 5.4 deaths for infants under

population (90 percent) than for the black 28 days per 1,000 live births. For white

population (80 percent). The proportion infants the rate declined from 4.5 to 4.3,

who were widowed at the time of death and for black infants the rate declined

was considerably greater for women (57 ,

from 11.2 to 10.8. Neonatal mortality

percent) than for men (18 percent), but

about the same for both major race

groups—38 percent of the white population and 33 percent of the black population. Some of the differences between

groups can be accounted for by differences in age composition.

Educational attainment

In an area comprised of 42 States

and the District of Columbia, about 60

percent of the persons who died in 1992

had completed high school (see ‘‘Technical notes’‘). In 1992 the percent was the

same for males and females (60 percent),

but somewhat different for the white

population (62 percent) compared with

the black population (47 percent). The

same proportion of white females and

white males (62 percent) who died in

1992 had completed high school. The

proportion who had completed 4 years of

college was smaller for white females

(9.3 percent) than for white males (13.6

percent). A similar proportion of black

females and black males had completed

high school (47 percent). Slightly more

black females (6.2 percent) than black

males (5.2 percent) had completed 4

years of college at the time of death.

rates hktorically have declined for both

races although the declines have been

more rapid for the white population (8).

The postneonatal mortality rate—

deaths to infants 28 days to 11 months

per 1,000 live births-declined by 8.8

percent, from 3.4 to 3.1 deaths. For white

infants the postneonatal mortality rate

declined from 2.8 to 2.6 deaths per 1,000

live births, and for black infants the rate

declined from 6.3 to 6,0. The historical

trend for postneonatal mortality was of

more rapid declines in postneonatal mortality for black than for white infants (8).

Among the 10 leading causes of

infant death, the first 4--Congenital

anomalies, Sudden infant death syndrome, Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight, and

Respiratory distress syndrome—accounted for just over half (53 percent) of

all infant deaths in 1992; and the

remaining 6 causes accounted for only 16

percent of all infant deaths. The list of the

10 leading causes of infant death was

unchanged between 1991 and 1992, but

the rankings for 4 of the leading causes of

infant death changed slightly between

1991 and 1992. Infections specific to the

perinatal period, the eighth leacling cause .

in 1991, and Accidents ancl adverse

effects, the seventh leading cause in

1991, switched rankings in 1992. Pneumonia and influenza, the 9th leading

cause in 1991, and Intrauterine hypoxia

and birth asphyxia, the 10th leading cause

in 1991, also switched rankings in 1992.

Between 1991 and 1992 the infant

mortality rate decreased for 6 of the 10

leading causes of infant death, increased

for 3 causes, and remained unchanged for

1 cause. The largest decreases were for

Respiratory distress syndrome (18.7 percent), Accidents and adverse effects (14.1

percent), and Sudden infant death syndrome (7,5 percent). Mortality rates for

Respiratory distress syndrome and Ac-cidents and adverse effects have been

declining over time (3,8). The three

increases were for Newborn affected by

complications of placenta, cord, and

membranes (4.3 percent); Infections specific to the perinatal period (3.7 percent);

and Intrauterine hypoxia and birth

asphyxia (3.4 percent). TIM causes

Table E. Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths and mortality rates, by race and sex

United States, 1992

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and poatneonatal (28 daye to 11 months) deaths

per 100,000 live births in specified group]

Infant N60rrata/ Postneonata/

Race and sex Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Allracesl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,628 851.9 21,649 537.5 12,779 314.4

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,545 938.7 12,157 583.9 7,386 354.8

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,083 760.6 9,692 488.8 5,391 271.9

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2%2,164 632.3 13,915 434.6 6,249 257.6

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,625 769.0 7,744 471.7 4,331 297.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539 611.5 6,171 395.6 3,368 215.9

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,348 1,634.6 7,296 1,063.1 4,052 601.5

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,298 1,337.6 4,056 1,163.5 2,242 854.2

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,050 1,526.1 3,240 979.1 1,810 547.0

1Inoludes races otier than whti end black
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~11

● Race of mother

●

●

30

50

40

30

20

10

9

B

7

6

5

NOTES Infant deaths are classified by race of decedenf- Beginning in i9S9. live births are classified by race

of mother and from 1950-90, by race of cfri!& aee Technical notes.

Figure 5. Infant mortaiity rates by mea: United States, 1950-92

contributing the most to the improvement

in the overall infant mortality rate were

Respiratory distress syndrome and

Sudden infant death syndrome. The

increasing rate for Newborn affected by

complications of placenta, cord, and

membranes was the principal cause preventing the infant mortality rate from

decreasing more than it did.

Differences between infant mortrdity

rates for white and black infants by cause

are reflected in differences in ranking of

the leading causes of infant death as well

as in differences in cause-specific infant

mortality rates. Congenital anomalies was

the leading cause of death for white

infants, followed by Sudden infant death

syndrome, Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight, and Respiratory distress syndrome. Together these four causes

accounted for 55 percent of white infant

deaths. In contrast, for black infants the

leading cause of death was Disorders

relating to short gestation and unspecified

low birthweight, followed by Congenital

anomalies, Sudden infant death syndrome, &d Respiratory distress syndrome. These four causes accounted for

50 pereent of all black infant deaths.

Although the difference between

black and white infant mortality rates

vaned by cause, the risk was higher for

black than for white infants for all the

leading causes. Expressed as the ratio of

the infant mortality rate for black infants

to that for white infants, beginning with

the highest ratio, the leading causes

ranked are Disorders relating to short

gestation and unspecified low birthweight

(5.0); Pneumonia and influenza (2.9);

Respiratory distress syndrome and Infections specific to the perinatal period (2.5

each); Newborn affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy (2.3);

Sudden infant death syndrome, Accidents

and adverse effects, and Intrauterine

hypoxia and birth asphyxia (2.2 each);

Newborn affected by complications of

placenta, cord, and membranes (2.1); and

Congenital anomalies (1.2).

Beginning with this report, the live

birth data used as denominators for calculating infant mortality rates have been

retabulated by race of mother for the

years 1980-88. ‘Ilk change makes these

rates consistent with those for the years

since 1989 when the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) began to tabulate births by race of mother. Before 1989

infant mortality rates had been calculated

with live births tabulated by race of child

(For additional detail, see “Technical

notes.”)

Hispanic infant mortality

The infant mortality rate was 6.8

deaths to Hispanic infants under 1 year of

age per 1,000 live births in an area comprised of 48 States and the District of

Columbia. This was the same as the rate

for non-Hispanic white infants. Among

specified subgroups of the Hispanic

population, the mortality rate for

Mexican infants was 6.8 deaths to infants

under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births,

7.8 for Puerto Rican infants, and 6.2 for

Cuban infants. Infant mortality rates by

specified Hispanic origin and race for

non-Hispanic origin may be somewhat

understated (see “Technical notes”).

Maternal mortality

In 1992, 318 women were reported

to have died of maternal causes (table F),

compared with 323 in 1991. As in previous years, the number does not include

all deaths occurring to pregnant women,

but only to those deaths assigned to Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and

the puerperium (ICD-9 Nos. 630-676).

The maternal mortality rate for 1992 was
12~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table F. Maternal deaths and maternal

mortality rates, by race: United States,

1992

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the

puerperium, category numbers 63@-676 AYrrfh

Revision, International Classitkation of Diseases,

1975. Rates per 100,000 live births in specified

group]

Race Number Rate

All races . . . . . . . . . . . 318 7.6

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5.0

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . 157 18.2

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 20.8

7.8 deaths per 100,000 live births, compared with a rate of 7.9 in 1991. The

difference in the rate between the 2 years

was not statistically significant.

Black women have a higher risk of

maternal death than white women. In

1992 the maternal mortality rate for black

women was 20.8, 4.2 times the rate of 5.0

for white women. The change in the

tabulation by race of live births beginning

with data for 1989 affects maternal mortality rates by race as it does infant

mortality rates because counts of live

births comprise the denominator of

maternal mortality rates (see “Technieal

notes”).

Report of autopsy

For 1992 all States requested information on the death certificate as to

whether autopsies were performed. They

were reported as performed on 224,071

decedents, or 10.3 percent of the deaths

that occurred in 1992, a reduction from

the 10.8 percent reported for the previous

year. This continues the downward trend

in the percent of deaths autopsied. The

percent autopsied for all causes of death

combined was heavily influenced by the

low rates for the three leading causes of

death—Diseases of heart (7 percent);

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues (3 percent); and Cerebrovascular

diseases (3 percent). bong the 15

leading causes of death, the highest percents reported were for traumatic

causes—Homicide and legal intervention

(97 percent), Suicide (56 percent), and

Accidents and adverse effects (49 percent). The highest percents for nontraumatic causes were for Certain conditions

originating in the perinatrd period (22

percent) and Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis (15 percent).

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National Center for Health Statistics.

Vital Health Stat 4(29). 1992.

31. Grove RD, Hetzel AM. Vhal statistics

rates in the United States 194(L1960.

National Center for Health Statistics.

Washington Public Health Service. 1968.

32. Sirken MG. Comparison of two methods

of constructing abridged life tables by reference to a “standard” table. National

Center for Health Statistics. Wtal Health

Stat 2(4). 1966.

33. Arriaga EE. Changing trends in mortality

decline during the last decades. hx Ruzicka ~ Wunsch G, Kane P, eds. Differential mortality Methodological issues and

biosocial fiwtors. Oxford: Clarendon

Press. 1989.

34. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished

data from the 1990 census for persons of

Spanish origin by State.
14~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

List of detailed tables

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Deaths, death rates, and ageadjusted death rates, by race

and sex: United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975–92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates, by age,

race, and sex: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abridged life table for the total

population, 1992. . . . . . . . . . . .

Life expectancy at birth by

race and sex United States,

1940, 1950, 1960, and

1970-92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-specific and age-adjusted

death rates for the 15 leading

causesof death for the totalpopulation in 1992 and selected eomponent,x United States, 1979,

1991, and 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for the

10 leading causes of death in

specified groups, by race and

sex United States, 1992 . . . . .

Deaths from 72 selected causes

by age: United States, 1992.. .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by age: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths from 72 selected causes

by race and sex: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Death rates for 72 selected

causes by race and sex: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted death rates for 72

selected causes by race and

sex: United States, 1992 . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for 16

selected subcategories of

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues, by

race and sex: United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.

15

14.

17

18

15.

19

16.

20

17.

23

34 18.

37

19.

40

20.

43

22.

49

Deaths and death rates by

10-year age groups and ageadjusted death rates for Human

immunodeficiency virus infection, by race and sex: United

States, 199&92 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and death rates for

major causes of death for the

United States, each division,

and State; and by race and sex

for the United States, 1992 . . .

Deaths by age according to

specified Hispanic origin, race

for non-Hispanic origin, and

sex: Total of 48 States and the

District of Columbia, 1992 . . .

Deaths for the 10 leading

causes of death for Hispanic

and white non-Hispanic origin,

for specified age groups: Total

of 48 States and the District of

Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths from injury by firearms,

by age, race, and sex: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-specific and age-adjusted

death rates for injury by firearms, by age, race, and sex

United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for injury by firearms, by

race and sex: United States,

1979-92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for drug-induced causes,

by race and sex United States,

1979-92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and age-adjusted death

rates for alcohol-induced

causes, by race and sex: United

States, 1979–92 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths and percent distribution

of deaths for ages 15 years and

over, by marital status, race,

and sex: United States, 1992. .

23.

50

24.

51

25.

53 26.

27.

54

56 28.

57

29.

58

30.

59

60

61

Deaths and percent distribution

of deaths for ages 15 years and

over, by educational attainment, race and sex: Total of 42

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1992 . . . . . .

Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, by race

and sex: United States, 1940,

1950, 1960, 1970, and

1975–92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and infant

mortality rates for 61 selected

causes, by race United States,

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deaths under 1 year and infant

mortality rates for the 10

leading causes of infant death

by race: United States, 1992. .

Infant and neonatal deaths and

mortality rates, by race for the

United States, each division,

and Statq and by sex for the

United States, 1992 . . . . . . . . .

Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths and mortality

rates, by speeified Hispanic

origin and race for nonHispanic origin: Total of 48

States and the District of

Columbia, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maternal deaths and maternal

mortality rates for selected

causes, by race: United States,

1.992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of autopsies and percent of deaths for which autopsies were reported for 15

leading causes of death: United

States, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61

62

64

65

66

67

67

68
Table 1. Deaths, death rates, and age-adjusted death rates, by rata and eex United Ststee, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1975-92

[Crude rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified grou~ age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. Rates are based on populations enumerated as of

April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Beginning 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Data for specified races oiher than white and black should be interpreted

with caution beseuae of inconsistencies in reporting race on the death certificate; see Technical notes]

Ail races 1 White Black American Indianz Asian or Pacific \slander3

Both Both

Yea7

Both

Male

Both Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female sexffi Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1992 . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . .

1920 . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . .. . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . .

1979, . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . .

1940. ..,,....

1992 . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . .

1920 . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . .

Seefootnotesatend

2,175,613

2,166,518

2,148,463

2,150,466

2,167,999

2,123,323

2,105,361

2,0S6,440

2,039,369

2,019,201

1,974,797

1,977,981

1,989,841

1,913,841

1,927,786

1,689,597

1,909,440

1,892,879

1,921,031

1,711,982

1,452,464

1,417,269

852.9

660.3

683.8

871.3

886.7

676.4

676.7

876.9

664.6

863.7

652.4

662.0

676.3

852.2

868.0

864.4

677.6

676.5

945.3

954.7

963.8

1,076.4

of table.

1,122,336

1,121,665

l,l13,4i7

1,114)190

1,125,540

1,107,956

1,104,005

1,097,756

1,076,514

1,071,923

1,056,440

1,063,772

1,075,078

1,044,959

1,055,290

1,046,243

1,051,933

1,050,619

1,076,478

975,648

827,749

791,003

S01 .6

912.1

918.4

926.3

945.1

939.3

944.7

648.6

936.8

643.2

936.4

954.0

976.9

957.5

977.5

976.9

693.8

1,002.0

1,090.3

1,104.5

1,106.1

1,197.4

1,053,277

1,047,853

1,035,046

1,036,276

1,042,459

1,015,365

1,001,356

988,632

962,655

947,278

918,357

914,202

914,763

886,6+)2

872,496

653,354

857,457

642,060

842,553

736,334

624,705

626,266

606.5

611.0

812.0

818.9

631.2

616.7

812.3

809.1

794.7

788.4

771.2

775.0

765.3

752.7

764.5

756.0

767.6

761.4

807.8

609.2

623.5

954.6

1,873,781

1,866,604

1,853,254

1,863,641

1,876,606

1,643,067

1,831,063

1,819,054

1,781,897

1,765,562

1,729,085

1,731,233

1,736,607

1,676,145

1,689,722

1,664,100

1,674,989

1,660,366

1,662,098

1,505,335

1,276,035

1,231,223

660.0

666.2

668.0

893.2

910.5

900.1

900.1

eoo.4

667.6

6a5.4

673.1

880.4

892.5

865.2

880.2

874.6

687.7

666.9

946.3

947.6

945.7

1,041.5

956,957

956,497

950,612

950,852

665,419

953,382

952,554

950,455

934,529

931,779

919,239

925.490

910;1 37

920,123

912,670

918,589

917,804

942,437

860,657

731,366

690,901

917.2

926.2

930.9

936.5

957.9

952.7

958.6

963.6

954.1

957.7

951.8

965.2

963.3

963.3

962.7

963.0

997.3

1,004.1

1,086.7

1,096.5

1,089.5

1,162.2

916,824

912,407

902,442

902,989

911,467

869,665

876,529

866,599

647,368

833,603

809,846

805,743

604,729

766,0Q6

769,599

751,430

756,400

742,562

739,659

844,476

644,719

540,322

644.3

647.7

646.9

651.6

865.3

649.6

844.3

840.1

824.6

616.4

798.2

769.6

806.1

771.6

762,7

771.3

763.1

775.1

612.6

800.9

603.3

919.4

Number

269,219

269,525

265,496

267,642

264,019

254,814

250,326

244,207

235,884

233,124

226,513

228,560

233,135

220,618

221,340

220,076

219,442

217,932

225,647

196,010

169,606

178,743

146,630

147,331

145,359

146,393

144,226

139,551

137,214

133,610

129,147

127,911

125,610

127,296

130,138

124,433

124,663

i23,894

123,977

123,770

127,540

107,701

92,004

95,517

Death rate

650.5 977.5

664.9 998.7

871.0 1,006.0

667.9 1,026,7

666.3 1,026,1

666.9 1,006.2

864.9 1,002.6

654.6 969.3

636.1 968.5

836.6 971.2

623.4 966.2

642.4 992.6

675.4 1,034.1

639.3 999.6

855.1 1,016,6

864.0 1,026,0

675.0 1,041.6

662.5 1,055.4

999.3 1,186.6

1,038.6 1,181.7

-.. . . .

. . . . . .

122,569

122,194

120,139

121,249

119,791

115,263

113,112

110,597

106,737

105,213

100,903

101,264

102,997

96,385

96,677

96,182

95,465

94,162

98,107

88,303

77,602

63,226

736.2

744.5

747.9

763.2

764.6

745.7

741.5

734.2

717.4

715.9

695.5

707.7

733s3

695.3

709.5

718.0

724,5

726.1

629.2

905.0

. . .

. . .

8,953

6,621

6,316

6,614

7,917

7,602

7,301

7,154

6,949

6,839

6,679

6,608

6,923

6,726

6,959

6,454

6,300

6,166

5,676

4,528

4,440

4,791

417.7

407.2

402.8

430.5

411.7

410.7

409.5

416.4

419.6

428.5

434.5

445,6

487.4

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

. . .

5,181

4,948

4,877

5,066

4,617

4,432

4,365

4,181

4,117

4,064

3,974

4,016

4,193

4,171

4,343

4,019

3,883

3,638

3,391

2,658

2,497

2,527

487.7

471.2

476.4

510.7

465.0

483.6

494.9

492.5

502.7

515.1

522.9

547.9

597.1

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

---

3,772

3,673

3,439

3,548

3,300

3,170

2,936

2,973

2,632

2,775

2,705

2,592

2,730

2,557

2,616

2,435

2,417

2,328

2,284

1,670

1,943

2,264

348.9

343.9

330.4

351.3

339.9

339.0

325.9

342,5

338.4

343.9

348.1

345.6

380.1

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

23,660

22,173

21,127

20,042

18,963

17,669

16,514

15,887

14,463

13,554

12,430

11,475

11,071

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

283.1

277.3

263.3

280.9

282.0

276.9

276.2

283.4

275.9.

276.1

271.3

272.3

296.9

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

13,566

12,727

12,211

11,666

11,155

10,496

9,795

9,441

6,627

6,126

7,564

6,906

6,809

. . .

..-

. . .

. . .

. . .

..-

. . .

..-

---

332.7

325.6

334.3

334.5

339.0

338.3

335.1

344.6

336.5

339.1

336.3

336.2

375.3

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

10,092

9,446

8,916

8,354

7,608

7,193

6,719

6,446

5,656

5,426

4,666

4,567

4,262

. . .

. . .

---

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

---

. . .

235.8

231.1

234.3

229.4

227.4

222.0

219.9

224.9

218.1

216.1

207.4

211.5

222.5

. . .

---

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

---
—..

A . ——. . —.— . .

Table 1. Deaths, death rates, and ag-adjusted death rates, by race and sex United Stetes, 1940, 1S50, 19S0, 1970, and 1975-92-Con.

[Cruderates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified grou~ age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million fmpulatiom see Technical notea. Rates are based on populations enumerated as of

April 1 for census years and estimated as of July 1 for all other years. Baginning 1970, excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States. Data for apacilfad racw other than whiie and black should be interpretad

with caution because of inconsistencies in reporting race on the death carfificstq see Technical notes]

All races 1 White Black Amen-can Indian 2 Asian or Pacific lska7der3

Both Borh

Year Male

Both Both

sexes

8oth

Female sexes Male Fwrrate sexes Male Femate sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Age-adjusted death rate4

1692 . . . . . . . . . 666.0 3s0.3 477.5 620.9 359.9

%

767.5

1991 . . . . . . . . . 66s.9 36s.5 4S6.6 634.4 266.3 760.7

1990 . . . . . . . . . 520.2 680.2 393.6 492.6 644.3 369.9 769.2

1969 . . . . . . . . . 528.0 669.3 397.3 496.6 652.2 376.0 605.9

1966 . . . . . . . . . 539.9

1987 . . . . . . . . . 539.2

1966 . . . . . . . . . 544.8

1965 . . . . . . . . . 646.9

1964 . . . . . . . . . 546.1

1963 . . . . . . . . . 552.5

1962 . . . . . . . . . 554.7

1981 . . . . . . . . . 5SS.6

1960 . . . . . . . . . 565.8

1979 . . . . . . . . . 577.0

1976 . . . . . . . . . 5s5.0

1977 . . . . . . . . . 602.1

1976 . . . . . . . . . 616.5

1975 . . . . . . . . . 630.4

1970 . . . . . . . . . 714.3

1s60 . . . . . . . . . 760.9

1950 . . . . . . . . . 641.5

1940 . . . . . . . . . 1,076.1

70s.1

706.8

716.2

723.0

721.6

729.4

734.2

753.6

777.2

766.6

791.4

601.3

S20.9

837.2

931.6

S49.3

1,001.6

1,213.0

406.1

404.6

407.6

410.3

410.5

412.5

411.9

420.8

432.6

423.1

437.4

441.6

455.0

462.5

532.5

590.6

66S.4

93s.9

512.8

513.7

520.1

524.9

525.2

52?3.4

532.3

544.6

559.4

551.9

569.5

575.7

591.3

602.2

679.6

727.0

600.4

1,017.2

671.3

674.2

664.9

6S3.3

683.6

701.6

706.8

724.8

745.3

73%.4

761.1

770.6

769.3

604.3

663.4

917.7

1,%N

3a5.3

364.8

366.1

391.0

391.7

393.3

393.6

401.5

411.1

402.5

416.4

419.6

432.5

439.0

601.7

555.0

645.0

879.0

609.7

796.4

7%.8

793.6

763.3

787.4

762.1

607.0

642.5

812.1

S31.6

649.3

670.5

S90.6

1,044.0

1,073.3

.-.

..-

1,026.9

1,04S.6

1,081.3

1,062.8

1,063.0

1,063.6

1,061.9

1,063.4

1,035.9

1,037.5

1,035.4

1,066.8

1,112.6

i ,073.3

1,0s3.9

1,112,1

1,136.3

1,153.0

1,318.6

1,246.1

---

---

56S.4

575.1

5S1.6

594.3

w .0

562.4

594.1

564.8

5s0.1

5e5.3

565.9

602.7

631.1

z;

63S.6

654.5

670.6

814.4

916.9

. . .

. . .

453.1

441.8

445.1

475.7

H

451.4

466.2

476.9

4s5.9

484.3

514.0

564.1

. . .

. . .

. . .

---

---

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

579.6

562.6

573.1

622.8

565.7

560.8

591.6

602.6

614.2

634.0

634.6

676.7

732.5

. . .

..-

---

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

.-.

. . .

343.1

335.9

335.1

353.4

343.2

351.3

328.4

353.3

347.3

360.1

371.6

366.5

414.1

---

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

-..

---

---

265.8

263.2

297.6

295.8

300.2

297.0

296.7

305.7

299.4

298.9

263.6

%::

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

---

. . .

-..

364.1 220.5

360.2 218.3

377.6 228.9

378.9 225.2

365.4 226.5

36S.2 221.3

365.3 220.3

396.9 228.5

366.0 223.0

366.6 218.0

369.2 212.8

382.3 213.9

416.6 224.6

. . . -..

--- .-.

. . . ---

..- ---

.-. ---

--- .-.

-.. ---

--- -..

. . . ---

1FOrI wow includesdeathsamongraces rot ehavmSOpSUatdKsosTechnicalIWtes.

‘Includes deaths smfflg Alauts and Eskim@s.

s[~ud~ dssths SMongCl_dnesa,Fili@’Ic.,Hawekn, Japanese, end OtherAsian or Pscilic Islsndsr.

4For mti ofcomputation,ass TAnical nota$.
Table 2. Deaths and daath rateq by age, rata, and sex United States, 1992

@%tea par 100,000 population in spasir%d group. Dafa for spasfIad raws ofher Man Wiia and black should be interpratal with caution because of inconsiatendea in reporting raoa on the death sarfiioatq sea

Technical notes]

All races white Black Amerkart hfdiarr1 Asian or Pach7cls/ander2

Both Both

Age

Both

Male

Both Both

sexes Female Sexss Male Female sexes Male Female sex= Male Femtie sexes Male Female

Afiagea . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under lyaar . . . . . . . . .

I-lyeara . . . . . . . . . . .

5-9years . . . . . . . . . . .

10-14 years . . . . . . . . .

t5-19yerus . . . . . . . . .

20-24 yeafe . . . . . . . . .

25-28 yeara . . . . . . . . .

30+-4 yeara . . . . . . . . .

35=38 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

40-44 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . .

50-64 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

&5-53 yeara . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yaafa . . . . . . . . .

65-68 yeara, . . . . . . . .

70-74 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

75-79 yeara . . . . . . . . .

60-64 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

66yaafaandovar . . . . .

Notatafd.. . . . . . . . .

Au agas3 . . . . ...!. . .

undarlyeer4 . . . . . . . .

l-4yeafa . . . . . . . . . . .

5-9yeafa . . . . . . . . . . .

lo-14 yesr3 . . . . . . . . .

15-19 yeaf3 . . . . . . . . .

20-24 year3 . . . . . . . . .

25-29 yesfa . . . . . . . . .

30-34 yeafa . . . . . . . . .

35-39 year n . . . . . . . .

44Pt4yearS . . . . . . . . .

45-49 ymrs.. . . . . . . .

50-54 yeara . . . . . . . . .

55-59 yeara . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . .

05-68 years . . . . . . . . .

7r3-74yeaf3 . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . .

60-64 year n . . . . . . . .

65yaamendover . . . . .

2,175,613

34,628

8,764

3,739

IX%’

20,137

24,314

34,?87

42,069

49,201

56,633

66,497

84,562

148,408

211,071

266,645

301,736

306,116

467,446

474

652.9

665.7

43.6

20.4

24.6

64.3

105.7

120.5

153.5

188.5

261.6

366.0

566.2

902.1

1;a2.2

2,114.6

3,146.8

4,705.9

7,428.1

14,972.9

t ,122,336

19,545

3,609

2,231

2,649

10,747

15,480

18,032

24,663

29,641

33,354

36,822

42,649

58,063

86,797

124,228

149,937

i58,257

141,640

181,236

801.6

9S.6

48.0

23.7

30.7

122.4

159.4

176.0

224.0

262.6

358.1

465.7

726.1

1,156.5

1,815.2

2,775.4

4,108.3

6,202.4

9,726.0

17,740.4

1,053,277

15,063

2,355

1,5o6

1,605

3,3+34

4,877

6,282

9,304

12,446

15,647

19,911

25,648

36,499

57,812

85,643

116,308

143,479

166,476

326,210

116

606.5

770.8

38.0

16.8

18.2

44.0

60.1

62.5

1%

186.5

254.6

417.1

666.2

1,036.2

1,577.7

2,419.9

3,716.6

6,166.1

13,801.0

1,873,781

22,164

4,665

2,690

1%%

14,033

17,051

24,450

30,127

3-5,686

43,451

63,669

75,750

122,213

160,766

234,117

270,238

278,507

448,364

W

660.0

701.6

36.1

16.3

22.8

75.6

91.0

103.2

132.4

171.2

226.3

326.6

518.6

635.1

1,334.9

2,042.6

3,073.0

4,662.2

7,391.0

15,104.2

Number

269,219 146,630

11,346 6,286

1,798

528

982

3,563 2,R

5,339 4,246

6,569 4,695

8,636 6,063

10,865 7,306

12,213 7,949

11,763 7,493

13,252 8,021

16,727 9,824

21,669 12,360

27,011 14,946

28,124 15,560

27,875 13,782

. .. 25,250 11.263

147;419 :.. $l!j&WW.”: 33;656 11;646

272 [,,

917.2

760.9

42.6

21.3

28.2

106.0

135.4

153.3

195.8

246.5

312.2

432.5

663.4

,...,..:.?4;;

344.3

616.7

33.3

15.2

17.2

43.3

44.3

51.9

66.1

IH

226.5

378.3

Death rate

650.5 977.5

1,765.0 1,357.9

73.2 77.6

32.1 37.5

35.3 44.9

135.5 216.4

200.7 321.0

241.3 361.7

316.0 464.4

427.0 603.6

570.7

762.4 1,W5:;

1.054.9 1.419.3

1,071.5 613.4 1;579.0 2:103.6

1,729.7 979.7 2,204.1 2,824.3

2,666.5 1,611.0 3,075.9 4,029.f

4,012.4 2,366.4 4,278.6 5,724.9

6,148.8 3,672.7 5,536.3 7,502.0

9,700.5 6,146.1 8,400.6 10,959.8

17,956.2 14,015.9 14,276.6 16,717,1

122,569

5,050

634

365

349

1,72

1,664

2,753

3,657

4,264

4,260

5,231

8,953

333

127

54

61

279

283

376

&

431

467

9:269

12,065

13,544

14,083

14,007

22,210

38

736.2

1,609.7

66.7

26.6

25,4

60.5

1::

165.2

267.1

370.7

506.0

757.0

1,166.4

1,859.5

2,378.8

3;315.3

4,482.7

7,070.5

13,264.1

719

818

649

733

721

1

417.7

938,2

72.0

25.1

26,3

110.6

149.7

IML2

203.2

240.6

257.3

391.5

5n.6

387.2

1,303.7

1,819.9

2,541.5

3,434.9

6,133.1

7,726.0

6,181

221

67

33

46

155

212

228

253

272

246

260

306

382

406

454

457

422

364

370

1

487.7

1,057.5

74.7

30.1

44.0

163.7

218.0

245.2

275.3

334.0

365.9

522.4

759.7

1,229.3

1,574.4

2,219.3

3,145.9

4,410.5

6,753.1

9,361.3

3,772

172

50

21

13

51

67

lR

131

120

151

179

276

311

392

377

z

348.9

621.2

69.3

19.6

*

55.9

75.2

72.4

132.8

152.4

164.1

267.3

406.9

766.3

1,063.8

1,466.3

2,076.5

2,763.2

4,166.6

6,678.7

23,660

723

153

101

112

314

426

411

::

738

898

1,069

1,437

1,606

2,454

2,765

2,824

2,626

3,706

8

268.1

433.8

26.9

15.4

16.9

49.7

57.4

63,8

61.4

Iz

164.9

295.2

600.4

728,6

1,168,4

1,872.3

3,CQ1.3

5,166.3

10,641.3

13,568

401

87

64

J:

306

264

317

371

433

639

825

1,015

1,401

1,627

1,631

1,549

i ,601

7

332.7

477.7

29.9

19.1

22.2

70.6

60.6

75.4

79.9

101.5

139.6

219.6

366.5

620.6

948.4

1,576.7

2,466.2

3,862.7

6,461.7

12,628.8

10,092

322

66

37

37

85

120

127

186

223

303

392

430

612

793

1,053

1,128

1,193

1,079

1,W5

1

235.8

400.2

23.8

11.5

11.3

27.6

II

I Corrected data appear in shaded area. I

L I
18~ Monthly Wtal Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 3. Abridged life tabie for the totai population, 1992

[For explanation of the columns of the Me tabl,e, see section 6 of Vita/ Statistics of the United States, 1989, Volume 11,Mortality, Part A]

Proportion

Age interva/ dying

Proportion of

persons alive

at beginning of

age interva/

Period of life between two exact ages dying during

stated in years interval

(1) (2)

xtox+n 17qx

Of 100,000 born alive Stationary population

Average

remaining

lifetime

Number living Number dying

at beginning of during age

age interva/ interva/

(3) (4)

lx #x

In this and all

In the age subsequent age

interval intewak

(5) (6)

nLx TX

Average number

of years of life

remaining at

baginrring of age

interval

v)

o-l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20-25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-$5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5%60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.00851

0.00172

0.00102

0.00121

0.00418

0.00528

0.00601

0.00765

0.01001

0.01305

0.01822

0.02799

0.04421

0.06600

0.10064

0.14673

0.21189

0.31480

1.00000

100,000

99,149

98,978

98,877

98,757

98$44

97,825

97,237

96,493

95,527

94,280

92,562

89,971

85,993

80,145

72,063

61,469

48,460

33,205

351

171

101

120

413

519

588

744

966

1,247

1,718

2,591

3,978

5,346

8,082

10,574

13,029

15,255

33,205

99,275

396,195

494,615

494,152

492,848

490,448

467,654

464,369

480,187

474,740

467,420

456,739

440,481

416,137

381,393

334,799

275,667

204,369

206,269

7,577,757

7,478,462

7,082,267

6,587,672

6,093,520

5,600,872

5,110,224

4,622,570

4,138,201

3,658,014

3,183,274

2,715,854

2,259,115

1,818,634

1,402,497

1,021,104

686,305

410,636

206,269

75.8

75.4

71.6

66.6

61.7

56.9

52.2

47.5

42.9

38.3

33.8

29.3

25.1

21.1

17.5

14.2

11.2

8.5

6.2
Table 4. Life expectancy at birth by race and sex United States, 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970-92

Allother

All raoas Whife Toi%l Black

Both Both

Year

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Female saxes Male female sexes Male female

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,6

75.5

75.4

75.1

74.9

74.9

74.7

74.7

74.7

74.6

74.5

74.1

73.7

73.9

73.5

73.3

72.9

72.6

72.0

71.4

71.2

71.1

70.8

69.7

68.2

62.9

72.3

72.0

71.8

71.7

71.4

71.4

71.2

7-1.1

71.1

71.0

70.8

70.4

70.0

70.0

69.6

69.5

69.1

68.6

66.2

67.6

67.4

67.4

67.1

66.6

65.6

60.8

79.1

78.9

76.8

76.5

76.3

76.3

78.2

78.2

78.2

76.1

76.1

77.8

77.4

77.8

77.3

77.2

76.8

76.6

75.9

75.3

75.1

75.0

74.7

73.1

71.1

65.2

76.5

76.3

76.1

75.9

75.6

75.6

75.4

75.3

75.3

75.2

75.1

74.6

74.4

74.6

74.1

74.0

73.6

73.4

72.6

72.2

72.0

72.0

71.7

70.6

69.1

64.2

73.2

72.9

72.7

72.5

72.2

72.1

71.9

71.8

71.6

71.6

71.5

71.1

70.7

70.8

70.4

70.2

69.9

69.5

69.0

68.5

68.3

63.3

68.0

67.4

66.5

62.1

79.8

79.6

79.4

79.2

76.9

78.9

76.8

76.7

76.7

76.7

76.7

76.4

78.1

76.4

78.0

77.9

77.5

77.3

76.7

76.1

75.9

75.8

75.e

74.1

72.2

86.6

71.6

71.5

71.2

70.9

70.8

71.0

70.9

71.0

71.1

70.9

70.9

70.3

69.5

69.8

69.3

68.9

66.4

66.0

67.1

66.1

65.7

65.6

65.3

63.6

60.8

53.1

67.7

67.3

67.0

88.7

66.7

66.9

88.8

67.0

67.2

67.0

66.6

86.2

65.3

85.4

65.0

64.7

64.2

63.7

62.9

62.0

61.5

61.6

61.3

61.1

59.1

51.5

75.7

75.5

75.2

74.9

74.6

75.0

74.9

74.8

74.9

74.7

74.9

74.4

73.6

74.1

73.5

73.2

72.7

72.4

71.3

70.3

70.1

68.8

69.4

66.3

62.9

54.9

69.6

69.3

69.1

66.6

66.9

69.1

69.1

69.3

69.5

69.4

69.4

66.9

68.1

63.5

68.1

67.7

67.2

66.6

66.0

65.0

64.7

64.6

64.1

. . .

. . .

.-.

65.0

64.6

64.5

64.3

64.4

64.7

64.8

65.0

85.3

65.2

65.1

64.5

63.8

64.0

63.7

63.4

62.9

62.4

61.7

60.9

60.4

60.5

60.0

. . .

. . .

. . .

73.9

73.6

73.6

73.3

73.2

73.4

73.4

73.4

73.6

73.5

73.6

73.2

72.5

72.9

72.4

72.0

71.6

71.3

70.3

69.3

69.1

68.9

66.3

. . .

---

---

lDealhs heed on a W-percent eemple.
Table 5. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates for the 15 leading causes of death for the total population in 1992 and selected components: United States, 1979, 1991, and

1992

[Age-specir%rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified grou~ age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For explanation of asteriak preceding

cause-of-death cedes, see Technical notes]

Age

Cause of death (Ninth Revision,

AgeAll Under 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74

International Classification of Diseases, 1975)

75-64

Year ages 1

65 years aopsted

1 year2 years years years yesra yeare years years years years and over rate 3

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1892 852.9 665.7 43.6 22.5 95.6 13?.8 228.6 45s.1 1,151.7 2,568.9 5,775.5 14,972.9

1881 660.3

504.5

916.6 47.4 23.6 100.1 139.1 224.4 468.6 1,161.0 2,618.5 5,690.0 15,107.6

1979 852.2

513.7

1,332.9 64.2 31.5 114.6 133.0 229.8 569.7 1,836.0 2,928.0 6,496.6 14,962.4 577.0

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heatt

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..39G896

1979

1892

Hypertensive heart disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..402

Hypertensive heari and renal disease . . . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41@-414

Acute myocardial infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischamic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Angina pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocerdial infarction and other forms of

chronic ischemic heari disease. . . . . . . . . . .412,414

Other diseases of endocartium . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..424

All other forms of heart

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4l~23.42~~

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14~14g

1891

1979

1992

1991

1979

1892

1991

1979

1992

1881

1979

1982

1891

1979

1892

1881

1979

1892

1891

1979

1882

1881

1979

1992

1891

1979

1992

1991

1979

1992

1991

1979

1882

1891

1979

~Corrected dab appear .in shaded area. I

2.2

2.4

3.5

6.6

6.5

9.3

1.0

1.0

1.6

188.2

192.5

245.5

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547.6

555.9

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1,351.6

1,207.6

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173.9

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5,376.1

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2,671.5

3,424.9

158.2

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149.7

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51.5

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59.9

2.6

2.5

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39.4

39.9

38.4

133.1

134.5

130.8

2.3

2.4

3.0
Malignant neoplasrns of digeetiie organs

andpsritoneum.................. ...150-159

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoracic organs.................. .1S0-165

Malignant neoplasm of breast.......... ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms of genital organs.... ...178-187

Malignant neoplasma of urinary organs.... ...186-169

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

Unapeoifiedsttea.............. .170-173,180-188

Leukemia........................ ..2W208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietic tissues............ ...200-203

Cerebrovasoular diaaaaae.............. ...430-438

Chronic obsfruotive pulmonary diseases and allied

condiiiona....................... ...490-496

Aooidents and adverse effects........... .E800-E249

Motor vehicle acddents.............. .E81O-E825

All other accidents and

adverse affecta........... .E600-E807,E623-E949

Pneumonia andlnfluenza............... ..430-4S7

Diabetes malliius...................... ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus infection...... .YM2-W4

Suicide......................... .. E95GE959

See footnotes at end oftable.

1882

1981

1979

1992

1391

1979

1992

1991

1979

1992

1991

1979

1992

1991

1979

1992

1991

1979

1882

1881

1979

1882

1981

1979

1892

1991

1979

1992

1991

1979

1892

1991

1979

1992

1891

1979

1992

1291

1979

1962

1891

1979

1882

1981

1?7?.. 3$$2

1991

1979

1222

1291

1979

48.2

48.3

48.6

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11.7 I Corrected data appear in shaded area. I
Table 5. Ag&specific snd sgesdjusted desth rstes for the 15 leading causes of death for the total population In 1992 and seleoted components: United Stetes, 1979, 1991, and

1992<on.

[Age-specific rates on an annual basis par 100,000 ~pulation in spacfiad grou~ age-adjusted rates par 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For explanation of asterisk preceding

csuaa-of-daath codes, see Techniosl notes]

Age

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, All Under 1-4 5-14 15-24

Agekrtematiorral Clas.sifisation of Diseases, 1975) Year

25-34 35-# 45-54 55-84

ages 1 1 year2

65-74 75-44

years

85 years

yesrs

adjusted

years years years yeare years years years and over rates

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978 1992 10.0 8.1 2.8 1.6 22.2

1991

17.3

10.5

11.2

9.5 2.8

4.7

1.4

3.7 3.8

22.4

4.1

18.2 11.6

10.5

1979 10,0 5.0

z

2.5 1.1

5.5 4.0 4.2

14.5

4.1 10.9

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..571 1992

18.2 14.3

9.9

10.8 7.0 5.4 4.8 5.0

0.6 * ● 0.1 1.8

10.2

1991

9.0

10.1

16.7

*

27.6 33.9

* *

32.3

2.0

24.2

9.1

8.0

17.3 28.8 34.0

1978 13.2

33.4

::

23.1

1.0 * ●

8.3

Nephritis, nephrotic ayndmme,

3.4 13.9 31,0 40.9 41.8 28.3 18.1 12.0

andnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...58&569 1992 8.7 4.7 * 0.1 0.2 0.6

1991 8.5

1.2 2.6 8.2 24.6 70.4

4.7 * 0.1 0.2 0.5

207,0

1.3

4.3

1979 7.0

2.6

6.4 0.2 0.2

8.1 24.1

0.3

69.7 201.8 4.3

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038 1992 7.7

0.7 1.5

5.6

3.7

0.5 0.1

8.5 23.7

0.2

64.7

0.6

155.2

<.5

4.3

1891 7.6

3.1

6.6

7.6 21.1

0.6 0.1 0.2

58.5

0.7

178.5

1.5

4.0

1979 3.6 7.6

3.0

0.5 0.1

7.9 20.7

0.2

61.2 183.3 4.1

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,...,.......440

0.4

1882

0.8

6.6

2.2 4.9

●

12.4

* ● ● *

29.7 70.3

0.1

2.3

1991 6.9 *

2.9

●

11.0

● ● *

48.5 276.1 2.4

1979 12.8 ●

E

*

3.1 11.6

*

50.6

*

:4

291.9 2.6

Certain oondtiona originating in the perfnatal

*

0.9 4.8 24.4 125.3 649.1 5.7

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..78%779 1992 6.2 389.0 0,7 0.1 * * ● ● * ●

Iwl

●

6.7

*

413,6 0.9 0.1 * * * ● *

(4) * *

1979 10.4

*

660.7 0.6 * ● * ● ● ● * ●

(4) *

(4)

1Figurss for sge not statsd ara included fn “NI sgsa” but rot distriiad among ago groups.

2M~ rat= u~er I yw @e@ on popula60naatimataa)dii fmm infant mortalii rates (baaed on Ne births) see tabies E ad 2&28 for infant mortalii rates, end Taofsdd mates for discussion of the dfierence.

sFor method of oonptdh, W5 T~ *.

48ecauaadaathafmmthiscams omur @nwify arnaqi InWts, aga-adjuatadretssare notshown.
Monthly vital Statlstlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 23

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1992

was . .Der I oo,oca wufation in specified group. For explanation of Aerisk pre~ng osuse-ofde~h ~es) see Technical not=l

Cause of death, raoe, sex, and age

Riwtk (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

:

10

. . .

All races,2 both sexes

All ages 3

~] CSUS13S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175,613 852.9

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404429

Malignant naoplasms, including naoplssms of

lymphatic and hemstopoietio tksues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular dissases. . . . . . . ...480436

Chronic obstruofive pulmonety diseases

and allisdcondiions. . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle aocidents . . . . . . . .Eal O-E825

All ofher accidents and adverse

effaots . . . . . . . . . .E8WE807,E826-E949

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabafes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E980-E978

Ail other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

14 years

Allosuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E828-E949

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . .740-759

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hemstopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E980-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390+88,402,404-428

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Human immunodaficienoy virus

infaotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W14

Csrfain mnditiins originating in the Psnnatsl

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..78O-779

Sepfiosmia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280-285

Ailotheroauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rasidual

5-14 years

Alloauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effeofs. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adveme

Offacrs . . .. c... . .E800-E807,E628-E849

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplssms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Human immunodeficiency virus

infaoflon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W44

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonaty diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480-496

Benign nsoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

naoplasme of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-239

Ail other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

See footnotes atend oftable.

717,706 281.4

520.578 204.1

143;769 ‘- ‘

91,936

86,777

40,982

45,795

75,719

33,586

30,4s4

25,488

399,521

6,784

2,467

880

1,607

866

479

430

286

188

161

113

77

85

1,642

8,193

3,38a

1,904

1,484

1,105

587

448

314

264

104

104

100

97

1,852

am+

36.0

34.0

16.1

18.0

29.7

19.6

13.2

12.0

10.0

156.6

43.6

15.9

5.5

10.4

5.5

3.1

2.8

1.8

1.2

1.0

0.7

0.5

lZ

22.5

9.3

5.2

4.1

3.0

1.6

1.2

0.9

0.8

0!3

0.3

0.3

0.3

4.6

Causa of death, raoe, sex, and age

Rank (Nintfr Revision, International

orderq Classir%ationof Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. ..

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

1+24 years

Alloauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle acoidenfs . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95o-E959

Mafignant nsoplssms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoisfic tissues. ..140-208

Diseases of hearl. . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Human immunodaficienoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Cerebrovasoular diseases. . . . . . . . . .43C-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

sndalliad ccndtions . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Another causas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rasidual

25-44 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effeots. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehiole accidents . . . . . . . .E810+825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82WS949

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Malignant neoplssms, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and harnatopoietic tissues. ..140-208

DLseasaaof hsert. . . . ...380-898.402,404429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E980-E978

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Cerebrovasculsr diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+38

Diabefes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

All other oausas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

4S64 years

Allceusas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplasms, including nsoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-386,402,404-429

Cerebrovasoular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430-K36

Accidents and adverse dfects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle aocidents . . . . . . . .E810+825

N] other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E80C-E807,E826-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliad conditions . . . . . . . . . . . ..490-496

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Disbafes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-$87

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

34,548

13,662

10,305

3,357

8,019

4,693

1,809

988

578

450

229

197

189

3,754

t 49,771

25,808

14,071

11,737

24,629

22,185

18,121

12,181

11,803

4,373

3,367

2,256

2,004

25,022

386,021

132,815

103,929

14,500

13,862

6,597

7,285

12,372

10,349

10,312

7,36C

7,123

5,098

48,281

95.6

37.8

28.5

9.3

22.2

13.0

5.0

2.7

1.8

1.2

0.6

0.5

0.5

10.4

181.9

31.3

17.1

14.3

29,9

26.9

19.6

14.8

14.3

5.3

4.1

2.7

2.4

30.4

757.2

274.7

2t 5.0

30.0

28.7

13.6

15.1

25.6

21.4

21.3

15.2

14.7

10.5

99.9
24 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 6(S) . March 22, 1995 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in epacified age groups, by race and sex: United Statea, 19f32-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in speciflad group. For explanation of aateriak preceding Cause-f-death codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classir%ationof Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

a

1:

. . .

,..

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

,8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. .

65 yeara and over

Allcsuaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtiona. . . . . . . . . .490496

Pneumonia and influenza , . . . . . . ...480467

Diabetes meiliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61 O-EW5

All other accidents and adverae

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...58-9

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. fleaidual

Male, all ages 3

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~SWSW of heart. . . . ...390-396.402.404429

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplaems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . .140-208

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . .E61 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied mncfitions. . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . .480487

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Diabetes meltiius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

All other csuaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Male, 1A yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasme of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. . .140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E9f50-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404428

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .480-487

Human immunodeficienoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Certain condtions originating in the pennatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28&265

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . .490496

Ail other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Ses fcotnotesat endoftable.

1,575,214

595,314

362,060

125,392

78,162

67,489

37,32a

26,633

7,053

19,580

18,711

15,$)95

15,884

232,226

1,122,336

357,545

274,838

57,862

27,982

29,880

56,645

50,465

35,465

28,325

24,457

21,672

20,115

193,947

3,808

1,513

467

1,026

460

24a

242

151

95

as

62

33

35

876

4s80.6

1844.5

1121.8

388.5

242.2

20s. 1

115.7

82.5

21.9

60.7

58.0

49.6

49.2

719.5

901.6

287.2

220.8

46.5

22.5

24.0

45.5

40.5

28.5

23.6

19.6

17.4

16.2

155.8

48.0

19.1

6.1

12.9

5.8

3. i

3.0

1.9

1.2

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.4

11.0

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classir7cetionof Diseases, 1975) Number Rata

,..

1

. . .

.,.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

:

7

6

1:

. . .

Male, 5-14 yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and advarsa effaote, . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adveree

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaema of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-206

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E96fJ-E878

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseaeas of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

end allied cond~ions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-486

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .46C487

Benign neoplaams, carcinoma in situ, and

naoplaams of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Residual

Male, 15-24 yeara

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and advarae effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidanta and adveree

affects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E976

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Malignant naoplaams, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Dieeases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-428

Human immunodeficiancy virue

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pnaumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .480-487

Cerebrovascular diseaaes. . . . . . . . . .43C-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480-496

Atlothercsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Male, 2544 yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human immuncdeticiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042fi044

Accidants and adverae effects. . . . . :E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 0+825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Disaases of haart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-428

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasma of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-206

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E976

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . . ..571

Carebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430438

Diabates melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rasidual

5,060

2,280

1,230

1,050

637

375

238

232

160

67

55

54

51

931

26,207

10,253

7,430

2,815

6,891

4,044

1,084

626

419

260

126

118

106

2,260

i 05,890

21,509

19,981

10,327

9,654

11,729

10,085

9,762

9,311

3,204

1,766

1,347

1,281

15,675

27.2

12.2

6.6

5.6

3.4

2.0

1.3

1.2

0.9

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

5.0

141.8

55.5

40.3

15.2

37.3

21.9

5.9

3.4

2.3

1.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

12.2

258.3

52.5

48.7

25.2

23.5

26.6

24.6

23.9

22.7

7.8

4.3

3.3

3.1

38.7
Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 25

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading oeuses of death In specified age groups, by raoe and sex United 6tates, 19S2-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 populationin specifiedgroup.For explanationof asteriskprecedingceuse-ofdeath codes, see Technicalnotes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classification of Diseases. 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

:

. . .

. . .

7

8

9

10

. . .

Male, 45-64 yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DisEaS8SOfheart. . . . ...390-898.402.404429

Malignantneoplaams,includingneoplasmsof

lymphaticand hematopo’btictissues. ..140-203

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E300-E949

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Cerebrovasculerdiseases . . . . . . . ...430-433

ChronicIiier disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasea

and alliedcondfiions.. . . . . . . . . . . .490-i96

Human immunodaficiencyvirus

infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Diabetesmelliius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0-437

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Male, 65 yeare and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseasesof hearl. . . . ...380-398.402.404429

Malignantneoplaams,includingneoplesmsof

lymphaticand hematopaietictissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovasculardiseases. . . . . . . ...430438

Chronicobstructivepulmonetydiseases

and alliedcondtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-49e

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0-467

Diabetesmelliius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..25o

Accidentsand adveffieaffects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motorvehicleaccidante . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E849

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...530-568

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

ChronicIiier diseaseand cirrhosis. . . . . . . .57I

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rasidual

Female, all agaes

226,151 970.1

73,229 314.1

71,501 30s.7

9,926 426

4,409 18.9

5,517 23.7

7,669 33.7

7,303 31.3

6,751

6,662

5,3s5

5,3s3

3,165

28,987

735,288

271,214

191,204

46,722

42,861

30,374

14,665

13,335

3,970

9,365

8,811

6,425

5,936

103,451

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053,277

DiseaS8SOfheart. . . . . . .390-398,402,40+429

Malignantneoplssms,includingnaoplaeme of

lymphatic and hamatopoietictissues. . .140-20f3

Cerabrovssculardiseases. . . . . . . . ..430-438

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

and alliedcondtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480-4s6

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0-467

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .E600-E849

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81&E825

All other accidentsand advarse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E8LX)-E807,E82WW9

Diabetesmelliius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..25o

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560-5s9

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..03S

Atheroeclemsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o

Another ceusee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

See footnotesat end oftsble.

360,161

245,740

87,124

41,473

40,254

28,916

13,000

15,915

28,3S6

11,346

11,140

10,503

186,228

29.0

28.7

23.1

23.0

13.6

124.3

5,636.1

2,079.6

1,466.1

35s.3

328.4

232.9

114.0

1023

30.4

71.8

67.6

49.3

45.5

783.2

80S.5

275.8

136.2

66.7

31.8

30.8

22.1

10.0

12.2

21.7

8.7

8.5

lE

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 chsah7cetiorrof rXr.9saea, 1975) Number Rate

. ..

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

1:

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

:

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Female, l-l years

Allceuees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidentsand adveraaaffects. . . . . .E300-E949

Motorvehicleaccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E826

Ail other accidentsand adverse

effect s........ . .E600-E807,E626-E849

Congen”ti anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignantneoplasms,includingneoplaamsof

lymphaticand hernatopoietictissues. ..140-206

Homicideand legal interwntion. . . . .E860-E978

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .380-396,402,404-429

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-4S7

Human immunodaticiancyvirus

infdon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2–W44

Certain conditionsoriginatingin the perfnataf

perfod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7eo-77e

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Chronicobetructivapulmomrydiseases

endallied mndtione. . . . . . . . . . . ..490-4ss

Another caueee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Female, 5-14 years

Alicauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidentsand adverseeffects. . . . . .EU649

Motorvehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other acc.Mentaand adverse

Sfteda . . . . . . . . . .1300-ES07,E826 -E648

Malignantneoplasms,includingneopleamsof

lymphaticand hemstopoietictissues. ..140-206

Homicideand legal intervantiin. . . . .E960-E978

Gmgenitelano malies.... . . . . . . . ..74 O-759

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .380-383,402,404-42s

Suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E85S

Pneumoniaand inffuerrza. . . . . . . ...460-467

Senignneoplssms,camhwma in situ,and

nao@semsof uncertainbehaviorand of

UIISpSCifiEd no@ . . . . . . . . . . . . ..210-239

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiaeseae

endallied condiine . . . . . . . . . . . . .48049S

Human immunodaffciencyvirus

infwtion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..#42+44

Allotheroauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Female, 15-24 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acddents and adverse affects. . . . . .ESOO-E849

Motorvehickraccidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All otheraccidentsand adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E300-E807,ES28-E849

Homiiide and legal interwntion. . . . .E66%E978

Malignantneoplasme,includingneoplaemsof

lymphaticand hematopoietiotiietw. . .140-x16

Suicii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E859

Diseasesof heart. . . . . . .390-39S,402,404-429

Congenitalanomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human immunodefkkmcyvirus

infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2-W44

bpkltions of prswsncY, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . ..SS0-676

Pneumoniaandinfluenza . . . . . . . . ..48U-4S7

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases

and alliedcondticne. . . . . . . . . . . ..480-496

Allotherceusee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

2,955

954

373

581

39s

231

133

135

93

73

51

44

28

762

3,113

1,103

674

434

463

212

210

124

62

50

46

45

7::

8,341

3,4C9

2,867

642

1,128

725

342

170

159

110

103

63

1,463

39.0

12.6

4.9

7.7

5.2

3.0

2.5

1.8

1.2

1.0

z

0.4

10.1

17.5

6.2

3.8

2.4

2.8

1.2

1.2

K

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

4.1

47.2

19.3

16.2

3.1

6.4

4.1

3.7

1.9

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.6

0.5

8.3
Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading oausea of death in specified age groups, by race and sex: United Ststea, 1992-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-ofdeafh males, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, Intematiorral

order 1 CiasaXcation of Diseasea, 1975) Number Rate

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

,..

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

6

9

10

. . .

Female, 25-44 years

Ali causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopolatic tissues. . .140-206

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidants . . . . . . . .E61 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E626-E949

Diseases of hearl. . . . ...390-398.402.404423

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Cerebrovascuiar diseases . . . . . . . ...430436

Chronic liver disease end cirrhosis. . . . . . ..571

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and inffuenzs . . . . . . . . ..460467

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Female, 45-64 yeare

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplsems, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-896,402,404-429

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . .430438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disessea

and allied corrdfiions. . . . . . . . . . .490496

Diabetes mellifus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E826-ES49

Chronic liver disaase and clrfiosis. . . . . . . .571

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . .460487

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Female, 65 yeare and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oiseases of heart. . . . . .390-398,402,404-42S

Malignant neoplasms, including nsoplaems of

lymphatic and hematopoisfic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovaacular diseases . . . . . . . ...430436

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasee

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....260

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61 0-2625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E626E949

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..58H9

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

43,881

12,080

5,827

3,744

2,063

4,332

3,120

2,492

2,393

1,621

1,169

911

713

9,147

139,670

61,314

30,700

6,841

5,621

4,649

3,956

2,166

1,768

3,046

1,933

1,738

1,112

18,660

639,916

324,100

170,656

76,670

37,115

35,221

22,463

13,2S8

10,215

10,187

9,s00

9,459

128.647

106.1

29.2

14.1

9.1

5.0

10.6

7.5

6.0

5.8

3.9

2.6

2.2

1.7

22.1

558.8

245.0

122.7

26.5

22.5

19.8

15.6

8.7

7.1

12.2

7.7

6.9

4.4

75.4

4,366.9

1,685.1

866.3

409.0

193.0

163.1

116.8

69.1

16.0

53.1

53.0

51.5

49.2

866.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Corrected data appear in shaded area.

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

8

7

6

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. .

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

. . .

Totsl whtie, all ages3

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,873,’781 660,0

Diseases ofheati. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-42S

Malignant neoplaams, including nsoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasea

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

Accidents and adverse effacte. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adveme

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E607,E82S-E949

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. ..W4*04444

Chronic liver diseaae and cirrhosis. . . . . . . .571

Another csusas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

White, 14 yeare

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents andadverseeffecfa. . . . . .E800-E949.

Motor vehicle accidente . . . . . . . .E610-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects .+...... . .E600-E807,E62S-E349

Congenital anometies. . . . . . . . . . . . .74C-759

Malignant naoplaems, including nsopleems of

Lymphatic andhemetopoisfic tiasues. ..140-206

Homicide andlsgal intervention. . . . .E860-E976

Disaases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-396,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Csrtain condtiions originating in the pennatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..760-779

Human immunodeficiancy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..036

Benign naoplaems, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplams of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . , . . . . .210-239

Another ceusss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. flesidual

White, 5-14 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidente andadverseeffacte. . . . . .E800-E649

Motor vehicle accidente . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including nsoplasms of

lymphatic andhematopoi~”c tissues. . .140-206

(.%ngenits lanomaliesc . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Benign nsoplasms, carcinoma in situ,

and neoplams of uncertain bahavior and of

unspecified nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 C-239

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480467

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

633,487 237.5

454,!531 213.5

124,:371 56.4

65,231 40.0

72,392 34.0

34,439 16.2

37:353 17.8

67,456 31.7

40,442’ 19.0

27,611 13.0

21,921 10.3

21,286 10.0

325,053 152.7

4,685 38.1

1,;,$J4 14.6

627 5.1

1,167 9.5

613 5.0

366 ;.##&

224

179

116

84

60

5s

51

1,143

5,989

2,5Q1

1,472

1,C123

904

3143

295

2!71

166

82

80

55

50

1,220

‘1.6

1.5

0.9

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

9.3

20.6

8.6

5.1

3.5

3.1

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

4.2
Monthly Vital Statlstlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 27

Table6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading ceuse8 of death [n specified age groups, by race and sex United 6tetes, l-on.

[Ratesper 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cauae-ofdaath codes, sea Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninfh Revision, International

orderl Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

...

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1:

,..

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

;

10

. . .

Whie, 15-24 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E300-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .ESOO-E807,E826-E948

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E859

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E976

Malignant naoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hernatopoietic tissues. . .140-20S

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-396.402.404429

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W44

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0487

Cerebrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . ...430433

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied Condfiions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490486

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reeidual

Whtie, 2S44 years

Ailcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E948

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E826-E849

Malignant naoplaama, including naoplasma of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-203

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-’TM4

Diseases of heart. . . . ...380-396.402.404428

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E98+E976

Chronic Iiiar disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430433

Diabafes malliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0487

Atlother ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Whte, 45-64 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplaams, including neoplasm of

lymphatic and hernatopoietic tissues. . .14&20S

i)iSEISSeS of heart. . . . ...390-393.402.404429

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E300-E349

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adveme

effects . . . . . . . . . .E300-E807,E828-E949

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andallied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . ..4S0486

Cerebrovaecular diseases . . . . . . . . . .430-43S

Chronic liver disesae and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E859

Human immunodeficiency virus

infectio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~2-%344

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460467

Another cauaas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Sss footnoteeat sndoftable,

24,341

11,450

8,811

2,t339

3,935

3,179

1,467

k?

230

164

147

107

2,604

107,514

20,874

11,587

9,277

17,516

15,973

11,36s

10,788

5,767

3,275

2,113

1,678

1,250

16,879

295,103

110,s82

33,776

11,217

5,422

5,785

10,ss7

10,378

8,474

7,806

6,637

5,080

3,s34

36,212

83.7

39.4

30.3

9.1

13.5

10.9

5.0

2.2

1.3

1.0

0.8

0.5

0.4

9.0

157.1

30.5

16.9

13.6

25.6

23.3

16.6

15.8

6.5

4.6

3.1

2.5

1.8

24.7

706.0

28s.5

200.4

26.8

13.0

13.9

26.0

24.6

20.3

18.0

16.0

12.2

9.3

86.6

Cause ofdeath, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order~ claash7C8tiorr of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

:

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

;

8

1;

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Whiie, 85 yearn and over

~lCSUSSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,413,8S4 4,871.2

Diaaaaae of heart. . . . . . .380-39S,402,404428

Malignant neoplaams, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tiisuaa. . .140-20S

Cerebrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . ...430438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliad conditions . . . . . . . . . . ...480498

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .424-4S7

Diiesmellitua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidenfs . . . . . . . .E810-E625

Ail other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E626-E849

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..530-5s8

Atheroaclerosia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..C38

Allotfrercauaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Whiie mate, all agass .

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-S96,402,404+29

Malignant naoplaams, including naoplaams of

lymphatic and hamatopoietic tkwaa. . .140-20S

Carebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-433

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .Esoo-E949

Motor vehffile accidents . . . . . . . .E610-E325

All ofher aa-dsnts and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E300-E807,ES2e-E849

Chronic Otii flUhOnS~ di55SSeS

andalliad condtione . . . . . . . . . . ...480496

Pnaurnonia andinffuenza . . . . . . . . ..4304S7

3uic.Ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95o-E958

Human immunodeficisncy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2–W44

Dialmtaa meliitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Chronic Iiir disease and ckrfneis. . . . . ...571

AJlothercsuaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rasidual

Whiie male, 14 years

Allcauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and advecse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehde accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-ES07,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . ..74O-759

Maliinanf neqlasnw, including naoplaams of

lymphatic end hamatopobtic tb3suas. ..140-203

Homiciie and legal intervanfiin. . . . .E960-E978

0-ss of heart. . . . . . .390-38S,402,404429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...430487

Certain condiions originating in the perinatsl

period, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76cw78

Human irnmunoda%iincy tires

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2–%44

Sanign naoplaerna, carcinoma in situ, and

naoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspachiad nature . . . . . . . . . . . . ...210-239

Chronic obskuctii pulmonary diseases

andalliad condtions . . . . . . . . . . ...490-468

AUofher causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

536,301

S23,161

111,531

73,433

61,601

31,146

23,921

6,373

17,548

15,747

14,60s

13,288

203,146

956,857

315,4s3

233,498

46,073

47,879

23,415

24,464

48,355

30,951

22,126

20,161

17,8s1

13,910

155,568

2,890

1,136

379

757

207

133

66

56

36

32

27

22

613

1,649.7

1,113.6

384.3

253.2

212.3

107.3

82.4

22.0

80.5

54.3

51.0

45.8

717.2

917.2

302.4

226.6

46.1

45.9

22.4

23.4

44.4

28.7

21.2

19.3

17.2

13.3

149.1

42.6

18.0

6.0

12.0

5.4

3.3

2,1

z

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

9.7
28 ~ Monthly vital statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups, by race and sex United Sates, 1992420n.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of saterisk preceding osuae-ofdesth codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, Intematiorkd

order 1 Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

:

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

:

7

8

9

10

. . .

,..

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

:

1:

. . .

Whtie male, 5-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . .740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplaams of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W4

Pnaumonia and influenza . . . . . . . , . .4S0-487

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430438

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

White male, 15-24 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E8BE949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E825-E948

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-S98,402,404429

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human immunodaficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-%M4

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .460-487

Cerebrovaacular diseases . . . . . . . . ..430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtiions. . . . . . . . . . . . .49fJ4s8

Allothercausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residusl

White male, 2M years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81&E625

Ail other accidenta and adverae

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Human immunodaficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. . .14G208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

8ss footnotesst end& tebls.

3,698

1,6S0

94s

734

524

188

185

179

107

42

40

38

6%’

18,i35

8,54S

6,313

2,233

3,392

2,604

689

401

228

225

93

80

1,6:

77,451

18,284

8,550

7,744

14,736

8,6s0

8,648

8,084

4,498

2,476

1,121

1,033

801

11,C90

24.7

11.2

6.3

4.9

3.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

4.5

121.5

57.3

42.3

15.0

22.7

17.5

6.0

2.7

1.5

1.5

0.6

0.6

0.4

10.6

225.0

47.3

24.8

22.5

42.8

25.2

25.1

23.4

13.1

7.2

3.3

3.0

2.3

32.2

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Clas.w%csfionof Diseasea, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

.,.

. . .

:

9

10

. . .

White male, 45-54 years

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .380-398,402,404-423

Malignant neoplsams, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Accidente and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents ., . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Chronic liver disease end oirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480+96

Cerebrovssculsr diseaaaa . . . . . . . ...430-436

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . ...+..... . . ..*042J044

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and inffuenza . . . . . . . . . .4s0487

A!lother causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Whiie male, 65 yeara and over

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-38S,402,404429

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplsams of

lymphatic and hematopoi~”c tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovaeoular diseases. . . . . . . ...430-436

Chronic oba-”ve pulmonary diseases

and allied candtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .4s0-4g6

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .4S0487

Oiabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .ESOO-E807,E82S-E949

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

naphrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5S0-589

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Aliother causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Whtie female, all agess

Ailcausas . . . . . . . . . . .. c.... . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-398,402,404-428

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaems of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-206

Carebrovsacular diaesaes. . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obatruotive pulmonary dieeases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . ..480-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-467

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All ofher accidents and adverse

effects, .,..... . .E800-E807,E625-E949

Dtabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ...038

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

184,080

&J#,#3

59,4s8

7,9s0

3,603

4,377

6,045

5,896

5,630

5,053

4,754

4,030

2,345

21,676

65S,025

244,%58

169,3:21

41,1”10

39,s30

27,398

12,773

11,825

3,531

6,294

7,508

5,357

5,333

92,462

916,624

318,004

216,032

76,298

36,876

36,505

24,513

11,024

13,489

22,491

9,737

9,119

9,057

156,192

804.2

299.4

292.0

39.2

17.7

21.5

29.7

29.0

27.7

24.9

23.4

20.0

11.5

107.5

5,596.2

2,084.0

1,440.5

349.7

340.2

233.1

108.7

100.6

30.0

70.6

63.9

45.6

45.4

786.5

844.3

292.9

199.0

70.3

35.6

33,6

22,6

10,2

12.4

20.7

9.0

6.4

8.3

143.6
Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sax United States, 1962-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding oause-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, end age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

onier~ Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

.,.

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

:

6

7

8

9

10

Whtie female, 14 years

All causes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390+88,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

Cerlain conditions originating in the pennatal

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-779

Human immunodeticiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

White female, 5-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hemato~ietic tissues. ..140-208

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404+29

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-467

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and

neoplasms of uncertain behavior and of

unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

end allied wmdtiions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480-486

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . ..430-438

Allofhercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Whtie female, 15-24 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and advaree

effects . . . . . . . . . .E80C-E807,E626-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404+29

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042Y’044

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430-438

1,995

658

248

410

274

181

3

60

32

28

26

24

529

2,291

821

526

295

360

164

110

81

75

42

40

24

20

534

6,205

2,904

2,498

408

578

575

:2

141

71

65

57

33.3

11.0

4.1

6.6

4.6

3.0

;::

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

8.8

16.2

5.6

3.7

2.1

2.7

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

3.8

43.9

20.5

17.7

29

4.1

4.1

3.8

1.6

;:

0.5

0.4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . ..... . . . . ~,~,.,.,,:430+96,, ,,,,, ,,,5?.. 0.4 ... ,,,,., ,,, .

:, ;X:{;;;M$WW,* ij*w:’&$wwwt@,’&ijj ‘ :,;:::,,,,:L :“ :, ‘: ;; :

:(,.%pjj,ii3':,'::' N*ti,'::(;,<::.i:i::;; (;:j:;;;,;: ;:; i,; : ‘;::,*S:,!:;’.,, :. ‘@,.: ,:! b:x

,.. All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual 9g0 7.o

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, Intemationsl

orderq (X.ss#icstion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rata

. ..

1

2

..<

..<

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

:

10

. . .

White female, 2544 yeare

Alloeuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplaams, including neopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoistic tissues. ..140-206

Aooidanta and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E626-E949

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402,404428

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Human immunodeficienoy virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and infiuenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Another csusea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

White female, 45-84 years

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-393.402.404429

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490496

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430438

Diabetee mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E849

Motor vehicla accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E325

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E626E949

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Suicida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480487

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

30,063

9,452

4,580

3,047

1,533

2,683

2,138

1,291

1,235

882

788

545

449

5,789

111,0=43

51,554

22,833

4,991

4,746

3,428

3,237

1,819

1,418

2,429

1,624

1,539

774

13,668

88.4

27.8

13.5

9.0

4.6

7.9

::

3.6

::

1.9

1?0

517.6

240.4

106.5

23.3

22.1

16.0

15.1

8.5

6.6

11.3

7.6

7.2

3.6

64.8

White female, 65 years and over

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755,EJ39 4,376.3

Diseaaesofhaart. . . . . . .380-388,402,40.@K9 291,643 1,690.3

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

lymphatic and hematopoiefic tissues. ..140-203 153,340 891.0

Cerebrovaaculer diseases . . . . . . . ...430-438 70,421 407.9

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .43C-467 34,203 196.1

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . .’. .490496 33,493 194.0

Diebetes mellifus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250 18;373 106.4

Awidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E300-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-539

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Another ceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

12;098 70.1

2,342 16.5

9,254 53.6

9,476 54.9

8,239 47.7

7,955 46.1

15,66a 669.9

Ic orrected data appear in shaded area. I

8es foomotssat scd oftabls,
30 ~ Mmthly Vrtal statistics Report. Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 6. Deatha and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race snd sex United States, 1992-Con.

mates per 100,OW population in specified group. For explanation of aeteriak preceding cause-ofdasth codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classir%stion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. ..

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

.<.

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

6

8

1:

. . .

Total black, all ages 3

Allcausae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . .390-398,402,404429

Malignant naoplaems, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-203

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . ...430438

Homicide and legal intervention. . . .E960-E978

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .ESOO-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E62S-E949

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .*042-W44

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . .480487

Certain condtions originating in the pennatal

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtiions. . . . . . . . . .490438

Ailother causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black, 14 yeare

Allcausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

MotorVehicle accidents. . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intetvantion. . . . .E960-E978

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404428

Malignant naoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...430487

Certain conditions originating in the pennatei

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230-285

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-466

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black, 5-14 yeara

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . ,E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Malignant neopleams, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-203

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404428

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . .490-496

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042–*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

AnemiSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..28C!-285

Pneumonia and influenza , . . . . . . ...480-487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Sss footnotesaf endof table.

269,219

75,600

56,401

17,044

12,318

11,820

5,071

6,749

11,378

8,653

7,074

6,176

5,857

54,898

1.799

574

191

333

206

185

100

95

62

56

43

40

28

408

1,876

736

356

382

260

159

91

82

47

47

34

33

19

366

850.5

23S.8

184.5

53.8

36.9

37.3

16.0

21.3

35.9

27.3

22.3

19.5

18.5

173.4

73.2

23.3

7.8

15.6

8.5

7.5

4.1

3.9

2.5

2.3

1.7

1.6

1.1

16.6

33.7

13.3

6.4

6.9

4.7

2.9

1.6

1.5

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

*

6.6

Cause of death, race, sex, end age

Rank (Ninth Revision, international

order 1 Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

i

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black, 16-24 years

Allcausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal intewention. . . . .E960-E378

Accidents and adveree affects. . . . . .E84J0-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

tk+a=es Of heart. . . . ...390-898.402.404429

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Matignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tiaeues. ..140-208

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..280-285

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . , . . . . .490496

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460487

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black, 25-44 years

Allceusae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Homicida and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E300-E949

Motor vehicla accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-S307,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovaacular dieeaees . . . . . . . ...430438

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black, 45-64 years

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplsams, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Diseaees of heart. . . . ...390-398.402,404429

Cerebrovascular diseaees . . . . . . . ...430-436

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E649

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . .430-436

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-467

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E360-E976

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

8,982

4,625

1,s34

1,117

567

536

305

286

276

86

8C)

70

57

977

38,573

8,456

5,713

4,363

4,065

1,932

2,133

4,034

1,174

1,035

927

705

549

7,502

63,401

19,244

18,358

3,625

2,509

2,225

910

1,315

2,213

1,584

1,341

1,0s0

1,018

10,204

168.4

86.7

31.6

20.9

10.6

10.0

5.7

5.4

5.2

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.1

16.3

377.3

82.7

55.9

42.7

39.6

18.9

20.9

39.5

11.5

10.6

9.1

6.9

5.4

73.4

1,309.9

397.6

379.3

74.9

51.a

4s.0

18.8

27.2

45.7

32.7

27.7

22.3

21.0

210.6
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 31

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex United States, 1992-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death, race, sax, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order 1 Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

;

3

4

5

6

7

a

9

. . .

. . .

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

4

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black, 65 years and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-42S

Malignant naopleams, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diaaasas. . . . . . . ...430438

Diabates mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480496

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..580-589

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Accidents and adversa affects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 C-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E80C-E807,E826-E949

Hypetiension with or wfihout renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..401.403

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black male, all agess

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-3S6,402,40M29

Malignant neoplaems, including naoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .ESOO-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-ES25

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+36

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Certain condiions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-779

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black male, 1< yeara

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amidenta and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

Aft other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Malignant naoplesms, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..280-285

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-779

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480+98

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Sss fcotnclssat endoftsble.

143,126

52,149

34,SQ9

12,118

5,540

4,936

4,028

2,6ss

2,419

2,267

516

1,751

1,59s

20,761

146,630

37,040

32,155

10,131

8,925

8,238

3,6437

4,831

7,421

3,822

3,5+39

3,468

3,271

28,569

965

319

85

234

102

95

56

56

31

27

25

21

13

220

5,516.1

2,009.8

1,333.8

4s7.0

213.5

18Q.3

155.2

104.0

93.2

87.4

19.9

67.5

61.6

800.1

977.5

246.9

214.4

67.5

59.5

54.9

24.0

30.9

49.5

25.5

23.8

23.1

21.8

180.6

77.6

25.6

6.6

18.8

8.2

7.6

4.5

4.5

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.7

17.;

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, Intemationaf

order 1 Claaaficefion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

7

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black male, 5-14 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E60C-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E610-ES25

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E628-E949

Homicide end legal intervention. . . . .E9&3-E978

Malignant neoplasme, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-206

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-39S,402,40442S

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E85O-E659

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliad oondiions . . . . . . . . . . . ..49HS6

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

%emiae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..260-285

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-487

Allothercausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black male, 15-24 yeare

Allcausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .ES60-E978

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .ESOO-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81 O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .ESOO-E807,E826-E948

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E959

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-39S,402,404429

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-*044

Malignant naoplasms, including naoplaama of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-203

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230-265

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-486

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-467

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rasidual

Black male, 25-t4 yearn

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human immuncdaficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W44

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E960-E978

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicle acs5dente . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .ESOO-ES07,ES28-ES49

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .3S0-3S8,402,40442S

Malignant naoplasrns, including neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Chronic Iiier disease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430-43S

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-467

Diabates mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Another causaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Raeidual

1,162

497

231

268

166

83

50

45

28

28

26

20

11

207

7,169

4,107

1,32S

862

486

478

198

192

152

50

WI

44

29

541

26,035

4:590

3:046

1;405

1,641

2,767

1,75s

903

623

592

457

297

4,407

41.2

17.6

8.2

9.4

5.9

2.9

1.8

1.6

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.7

*

7.3

269.4

154.4

49.9

32.4

17.5

18.0

7.4

7.2

5.7

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.1

20.3

542.8

137.4

95.7

63.5

29.3

34.2

57.7

36.7

16.9

13.0

12.3

9.5

6.2

91.9
32 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 6. Deathe and death rates for the 10 leading oauaea of death in 8pecIfled age groups, by race and sex: Unitad States, lW2-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in speoifiad group. For explanation of asterisk preceding causeddesth codes, see Teohnioal notes]

Cause of death, race, sex, and age

Rank (Ninth Revkion, lrrtematlonal

order 1 ClaAr7cafion of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

,..

A

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

...

...

;

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

1;

. . .

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Blaok male, 46-64 years

Allceuses .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . , .390-398,402,404429

Malignant neoplasms, inoiudlng neoplasms of

lymphatic and hematopoiatio tkres. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . ..430438

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Accidents end adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Diabetee melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Chronic liver diseaea and cirrhosis. . . . . . . .571

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E9S0-E978

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied condtiona. , . . . . . . . . . . .480-496

Pnaumortia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480-467

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reeiduel

Black male, 65 years and over

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-396.402.404429

Malignant neopleems, including naopleems of

lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

and allied mndtione. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480487

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-Ew9

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E82S-E949

Neptwitk, nephrtilc syndrome, and

nephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560+89

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Hypertension with or without renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..401,403

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

Black female, all ages3

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-398.402.404428

Malignant neopleems, including neoplaems of

lymphatic and hemetopoietic tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrovascular diaeaees . . . . . . . . . .430+36

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

Ali ofher accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E82S-E949

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480487

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

panod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76O-779

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*042-W44

Chronic obstructive puimonary diseases

andallied conditions. . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E980-E978

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

37,718

11,022

10,743

1,979

1,866

1,661

1,007

1,134

1,083

768

734

5,885

67,207

22,820

19,383

4,773

2,581

2,434

1,803

1,254

806

1,170

1,011

602

9,420

122,589

88,560

26,246

9,623

5,862

3,562

1,464

2,118

3,252

2,707

2,453

2,288

2,187

26,309

1,747.3

510.6

497.7

91.7

86.4

76.9

30.3

46.7

52.5

50.2

38.6

35.6

34.0

273.1

6727.0

2284.2

1940.1

477.8

253.3

243.6

181.1

125.5

34.6

90.7

117.1

101.2

60.3

S42.9

736.2

231.6

157.6

57.8

32.3

21.5

8.8

12.7

19.5

16.3

14.7

13.7

13.1

158.0

Cause of death, race, sex, ‘and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, Irkemational

omler1 C/aesir7csfbnof Dlsaasea, 1975) Number Rate

,..

1

.,.

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

:

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black female, 14 years

Allceussa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accldenfe and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E949

Motor vehicla accidents . . . . . . . .E810+825

All other accidents and adverse

effacfa . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E849

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Human immunodeficlency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W44

Diseases of heart. . . . . . .390-898,402,404-429

Malignant neoplesms, including neoplaame of

lymphatic and hematopoietfc tissues. ..140-208

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480487

Certain conditions originating in the perfnatel

period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..280-285

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dieeases

end ailiad condtions. . . . . . . . . . . . .480-496

Allofherceusea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Black female, 5-14 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accldante and adverse effects. . . . . .E600-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents andadverse

effects. . . . . . . . . .E800-E307,E826-E849

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E880-E976

Matignant neoplaams, incltilng naoplaams of

lymphatic and hemato~iefic tissues. ..140-206

Congenital anomti(es. . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Diseases of heart. . . . ...380-396.402.404429

Human immunodaficiency virue

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary dieeesee

end allied Condtiions. . . . . . . . . . . . .420486

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-285

Pneumonia and infiuerue . . . . . . . ...430-487

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Black female, 15-24 yeara

Allcauees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal intervention. . . . .E860-E978

Accidents and adverse effects. . . . . .EBoo-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

Sf7ecta ..,..... . .E800-E807,E826-E849

Malignant neopleams, including neopleems of

Iymphatio and hematopolatic tissues. ..140-208

Dieeaaesof heart. . . . . . .380-368,402,404-426

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95O-E859

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . ..630-676

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280-285

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

and ailiad conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...460487

Allothercausse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

834

256

106

149

108

w

44

38

3!!

25

~~

15

15

188

7141

241

125

116

94

76

41

37

21

19

13

8

1:

1,813

518

35s

255

101

124

107

84

58

53

36

30

28

408

68.7

21.0

6.7

12.3

6.7

7.4

3.6

3.2

2.9

2.1

1.6

●

●

15.5

26.0

8.8

4.5

4.2

3.4

2.6

1.5

1.3

0.8

*

*

*

*

5.7

67.8

19.4

13.3

9.5

3.6

4.6

4.0

3.5

2.2

2.0

1.3

1.1

1.0

15.3
Monthly Vital Statlatlcs Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S). March 22, 1995 ~33

Table 6. Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death In specified age groups, by reoa and sex Unitad States, 1092-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in s.peoir%dgroup. For explanation of asterisk preceding oausa-ofdaath codas, sea Technical notes]

&ruse of death,race, sex, and age

Rank (NinthRevkion, Irrtarnatiorraf

*I Clsssiiicsfkmof Diaassas, 1975) Number Rata

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

6

1:

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

. . .

. . .

7

8

9

10

. . .

Black female, 2544 years

Allcwses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ms4iinant naoplasms, including nsoplasrns of

lymphatic and hemstopoiatic tissues. ..140-208

Humsn immuncxlafioianoy virus

infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-YM4

DLseasasof heart. . . . . . .380-388,402,404-428

Homidde and legal intervention. . . . .E880-E978

Accidents and adverse affscta. . . . . .ESOO-E849

Motor vehde accidents . . . . . . . .E610-E625

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .E800-EB07,E82S-E949

Cerebmvasoular diseases . . . . . . . . . .43C-436

Chronic Iiier disease and cirrh~”s. . . . . ...571

Diabates melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influerw . . . . . . . ...460-467

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E85O-E958

Allotharosuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Reeklusl

Black female, 45-84 years

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasma o+

lymphatic and hematopoiatic tissws. . .140-20S

Dis@ees of heart. . . . . . .380-38S,402,404428

Carebrovasoular diseases. . . . . . . . . .430+3S

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Chronic obstru@e pulmonary diseases

andallied corrdiiions. . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Accidents and adverse affects. . . . . .E800-E943

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . .ELWO-ES07,E82&E949

Chronic Iiwsrdisease and cirrhosis. . . . . ...571

Nephritis, nephmtic syndmms, and

nsphrosie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S60-588

Human immunodaficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2-W44

Pneumonia and inftuenza . . . . . . . . . .460-4S7

Ailotharcausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residusl

12,538

2,276

1,866

1,598

1,123

1,019

527

482

562

304

252

248

3,E

25,888

8,501

7,338

1,648

1,375

573

25s

308

501

388

347

4,125

231.1

41,9

34.4

28.4

20.7

18.8

9.7

9.1

10.7

5.6

4.6

4.6

5%

957.7

317.0

273.6

61.4

51.3

21.4

21.0

9.5

11.5

16,7

13.8

12.9

12.9

163.8

causeof death,race, sax, and age

Rank (NinthRevision,lntemstionsl

ordar~ Clsssiri@iorrof Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

;

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

. . .

. . .

10

. . .

Black female, 85 years and over

~icausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . ...390-386.402.404422

Maliinsnf naoplasms, including neopksms of

lymphatic and hsmatojmi~.c tissues. ..140-208

Cerebrwascular diseases. . . . . . . . . .431P$38

Diabates mellii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . ...480468

Naphrftii, nephrofic syndrome, and

nsphmsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..560-5S9

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliad conditions . . . . . . . . . . ...480-496

septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..038

Accidents and adverse affwts. . . . . .E300-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . .E81O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E626-E849

Hypertension ~ or without renal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401,403

Allothercauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Residual

75,919 4,757.9

29,328 1,888.1

15,226 954.2

7,345 480.3

3,731 233.8

2,504 156.9

1,529 95.8

1,497 93.8

1,408 88.2

1,013 63.5

168 10.5

845 53.0

998 62.4

11,341 710.7
CJ Table 7. Deaths from 72 selected causes by sge: United States, 1992

[For explanation of asterisk precd}ng cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, All Under l--i 5-14 15-24

International Classification of Diseases, 1975)

25-34 35-4 4&54 55-64 65-74 75’%4 85 years Not

ages 1 year years yeara yaars years years years years years years and over stated

Allcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%igellosisa ndamebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..004,006

Certain other intestinal infections. . . . . . .007-009

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-016

Tuberculosis ofrespiratory system . . . . . . .011PO12

Othertuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..01~16

Whoopingcough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptoccecsl sore throat, scarlafina,

anderjsipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Acufe poliomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Vkalhepafifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-097

Al other infectious and parasitic

diseases . . . . . . .001 -003,005,02G032,037,03~l,

●042–*044,04W354 ,058-066,071 -088,096-1 39

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of

Iymphabca ndhematopoieticf issues. . . . . . . . . .14W208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

and pha~nx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...14&149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

and peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignant neoplasme of respirato~ and

intrathoracicorgans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Malignant neoplasmofbreast. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgenital organs . ...179-187

Malignant neoplasmsof urinary organs . . . . . . .1S%-169

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,180-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-206

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

and hematopoietictissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior and of unspecified nature. . .210-239

Oiabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-285

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..321P322

Ma]or cardiovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . ...380-448

Diseasee of heart. . . . . . . . . . . .380-396,402,404-429

Rhaumafic fever andrheumafic heart disease. .390-398

Hypertensive heartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..402

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic hearfcttsease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

Acute myocardial infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacute forms of

ischemicheartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Angina pectoris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardial infarction and other forms

ofchronic ischemic heart disease . . . . . . .412,414

Otherdiseasesofendocardium. . . . . . . . . . . ...424

Allotherforms ofheart disease. . . . .41H23,425-429

Hypertension with orwithout renal disease . . ...401.403

Cerebrovasculardiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-436

2,175,613

14

529

1,705

1,315

390

5

5

201

19,667

4

2,001

91

520,576

8,107

122,873

151,269

43,365

60,050

21,643

62,867

19,272

31,112

7,070

50,067

3,135

4,246

798

913,908

717,708

5,702

21,853

2,492

480,051

229,383

3,i79

1,003

246,486

14,359

193,249

10,265

143,769

34,626

1

130

5

1

4

4

—

22

—

i

12

361

95

1

11

3

1

1

2

39

36

1

62

4

22

1:

897

716

2

1

2;

19

2

10

682

3

166

6,764

1

16

6

2

4

—

3;

77

Y

2

244

479

1

14

5

5

16

249

174

17

61

4

5

65

3%

266

7

i

7

—

2

8

262

2

50

6,193

A

4

1

3

1

—

16

45

—

3

1

210

1,105

1

26

9

2

3:

534

422

71

97

26

6

62

32

363

284

6

1

1;

7

;

1:

243

2

64

34,546

i

13

6

5

—

40

86

i

26

3

721

1,s309

23

125

43

9:

18

707

481

308

101

133

12;

31

1,256

868

36

20

10:

59

3

1

42

7:

1:

56,481

10:

64

36

—

i

275

f 2;

4

11,023

5,303

54

645

303

610

580

75

1,497

655

874

197

658

22

199

4,4:7

3,423

101

186

12

1,099

624

15

3

457

1,9%

7X

91,280

1;

196

133

65

—

1

G

—

33:

6

15,066

16,862

319

2,945

2,619

3,249

1,591

417

3,282

846

1,412

321

1,600

33

S4

15,996

12.698

“222

712

6,7::

3,888

133

10

2,776

256

4,676

186

2,591

125,030

1:

160

121

39

6;

—

267

6

6,307

41,206

860

6,062

12,281

6,025

2,924

1,391

5,893

1,263

2,307

436

3,203

60

170

37,4!

31,413

365

1,506

19,6~

11,703

275

28

7,614

398

9,226

411

‘4,791

240,991

2;

242

196

44

10

1,631

321

12

2,679

91,609

1,949

19,741

33,448

6,150

6,953

3,289

11,066

2,467

4,526

757

7,109

103

224

91

66,241

72,516

731

2,902

229

48,169

27,435

465

70

20,179

661

19>604

937

~,?~~

477,916

2

3%

296

62

—

3

9

3,895

—

—

453

15

1,792

161,225

2,453

36,751

55,921

11,386

17,196

6,199

17,420

4,689

9,008

1,571

13,976

333

616

119

f 92,844

156,529

1,482

4,696

475

108.143

744

170

49,906

2,359

39,374

2,199

24,972

609,652

1

121

382

320

62

—

—

11

6,179

—

35;

17

1,294

142,646

1,651

36,710

37,699

9,303

20,622

6,810

15,311

5,367

9,155

2,075

15,091

900

1,134

118

293,300

226,738

1,645

6,140

844

156,309

75,504

609

365

79,831

5,153

56,447

3,402

49,437

467,446

13:

215

171

44

—

1

8

5,810

—

80

15

684

58,167

695

17,836

8,732

4,628

10,063

3,386

6,765

2,850

3,432

1,390

6,261

1,544

1,379

58

280,424

212,047

684

5,704

808

139,526

52,619

710

355

85,642

5,151

59,974

3,039

50,983

474

—

—

—

4

—

13

30

7

6

5

3

4

4

1

i

—

—

Ii

66

1

5

4;

15

5

—

26

3;

1;
Intracerebral and other intracranial

hemorrhage.................... ..431-432

Cerabral thrombosis and unspecified

Occlusion ofcerebrd arteries........ .4!34.0,434.9

Cerebral embolism................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular

diseases......... .,........430,433,435-438

Atherosclerosis...................... ...440

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andcapillaries................... ...441-448

Acufebronchitis andbronchiolitis............ ...466

Pneumonia andinfluenza................ .46&487

Pneumonia..............,....... ...460-466

Influenza.......................... ...467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliedcondifions................ ...49&496

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified....... ...480-491

Emphysema,....................... ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other chronic obstrucWe pulmonary diseases

andalliedcondifions............... ...494-496

UIcerofstomachand duodenum.......... ...531-533

Appendicitis....................... ...540-543

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal

obstruction without mention of hernia..... .550-553,560

Chronic liver diseaae andclrrhosis.......,.... ...571

Cholalithiasis and other disorders of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ...560-589

Acute glomerulonephriiia and nephrotic

syndrome....................... ..5W561

Chronic glomerulonephrifis, nephritis and

nephropathy not specified as acute or chronic,

andrenal sclerosis, unspecified...... ..562-563.567

Renal failure, dlsordera resulting fmm Impaired

renalfunction,and smallkidnayof

unknown cause.............. .564-568,56&569

Infactionsofkidney..................... ...580

Hypanplasiaofpmstate................... ...600

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium.................. ..63G676

Pregnancywith atwtive outcome........ ...530-638

other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium................ ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................. ...740-759

Certain conditions originating in the pennatal

period................... ., ...,...760-779

Birthtrauma, lntrauferine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andresplratory distresa syndrome. ..767-769

Other condtiions originating in the perinatal

period.................... .76fJ-766,77&779

Symptoma, signs, andill-defined conditions... ...760-799

Allofherdiseases................. ..t..l?eslduat

21,118

15,563

630

t06,433

16,831

25,337

577

75,719

74,713 1,0Q5

91,936

3,664

18,363

4,864

(S,947

6,128

413

6,073

25,263

2,915

22,162

304

1,503

20,355

1,063

397

318

52

12,491

15,730

2,929

12,801

23,430

t60,901

41

21

104—

12

92

600

5928

45

33:274

77

24

16:53

1811 . .

.

...

...

7,449

15,562

2,663

12,679

5,636

1,517

195—

269

1:

1626

63

202

36332

219

1752

101

...

...

...

113

25

2;

907

263

35

137

104

995

1007

8~549

223

2;42

14211

44;

31

12

1;:

t ,004

769—

1101

741

229

2216

189

103

1668

1:

27

325

5667

432

110

15

95

45022

634

1,713

276

415

4749

202

15

654

6477

278

158

232

23

45

17

49

765

B?5

32

188

12

139

24

115

46652

1,42

3,811

1,016

141

11

1,423

48

473

14

1,350

1,331

19

701

40

75

373

213

145

25

3,5%t

50

4808

52

420

35

67

12

55

479734

1,764

7,716

1,795

298

21

2,679

162

660

1,52

1,627

16

2,274

103

416

495

1,260

251

25

134

4,569

100

7256

72

647

3911

36722

1,287

9,270

2,751

907

33

6,016

614

2,465

35

3,453

3,408

44

10,096

375

2,052

692

6,979 “ 524

41

5,%

1,%

37

106

1,561

648

...

,.. . .

.

469

1,61;

14,946

5,066

2,577

144

17,1843

2,034

7,110

I0,2Z

10,092

120

28,706

985

5,697

1,164

20,659

1,234

102

935

6,284

571

4,540

60

280

4,190

150

52

...

...

...

572312

2,561

32,614

6,518

5,528

231

37,160

4,909

6,814

140

23,981

23,702

279

34,473

1,238

5,930

1,087

26,208

2,090

98

1,882

3,414

979

7,431

106

497

6,829

“336

143 . . . . . . . . .

59911

3,395

54,076

3,528

8,054

185

41,216

9,052

5,303

f53

33,296

32S04

“492

15,CJJ4

1,979

606

11,579

1,814

74

2,397

789

966

6,740

63

439

8.236

“439

184 . . . . . . . . .

31622

4,450

53,309

21—

1022i7882—6413—211

58

18
Table 7. Deeths from 72 seleoted causes by age United States, 1992-Con.

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death mdas, sea Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Ail Under W 6-14 1+24

International ClaswWcation of Diseaaes, 1975)

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-#

f year

85-74 75-84 65 years Not

age-s years yeera years yeera years years yeara yeara years and over stated

Accidents and advarse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-Ee4g 86,777 819 2,467 3,388 13,662 13,798

Motor vahicla accidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

12,010 7,465 6,397 8,165 10,172

40,982 160 660 1,904

8,296 118

10,305

AJlother accidents and adverse

8,229 5,842 3,721 2,876 3,247 2,913 893 32

effects . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E828-E949 45,795 659 1,607 1,484 3,357

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95&E959

5,569 8,168 3,764 3,521 4,918 7,259

30,484 ,.. . . . 314 4,693

7,403 86

6,172

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E978

6,009

25,4843 326

4,018 3,105

430

3,038 2,406

587

714 13

8,019 7,343

All other axtemal causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E960-E899 2,906

4,460 2,046

41

992

34 45

692 404

341

135

762 909 324 185 127 91 38 :

NOTE Data for %$2-*M4 Human Immumxlafickncy wfnrs infedion are sbcwn in a separate table.
Table S. Death rataa for 72 aalectad causas by agsxUnited Stat8s, 1992

- w 100,000PopulationinSPSSfid grow. For explanationof asferfskPracading oause-of-dsathcdes, see Tashnisslnotes]

CarISSof death (NinthRevision, All under 14 5-14 15-24 25-34 35+4 45-W 55-64

ln&lahal Ciaesifiaatkmof Dkwasas, 1975)

65-74 75-34 85 yew

ages1 lyaarzyears-ylws years years w- w w and ovsrAMcauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigalkiaandamebiisis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

CaptainOiharinfastinalirrfacfions. . . . . . . . . . . ..OO7-OO9

Tubarsid&s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tubemulesisof~”ratorysyatem . . . . . . . ...010-012

. .013-4)18

:::::::::::::::::: ... ..m

WapbOcd sore that, w.arlatina,

and@ys@alas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0344H5

Maningrmaal infaatii . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ...038

~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~

Acutapdk.wnyalii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

viraihapaMis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

SyQhiii . . . ...080-087

/wothariaati”p&Aii ““”””””

d-as . . . . . . . ..(HWO03.005.02W032.037.038-041 ,

W42-W44,046-054,056-086,071 -06$@8&139

Maliirrtnaop4ssms, indudingneopkwna of

W@atiOaridhamatopoietiotissues. . . . . . . ...140-208

Mshgnsntner@aamsofiip,oreloavily,

andpharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Mdiineoplasrne ofdigestiveorgsns

Sndperifoneurn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15G158

I+l@snt @asma of raapkatoiyand

~-..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..160-165

Wiineoplssm of breast . . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Maliineop(asme ofgenitalorgans . . . . ...179-187

Maliinaoplawna ofurinaryorgsns . . . . ...16&189

Mdii neoplasmeof all otherand

lJlwlJlwsitaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..17*l.3.~3&

olherrnal&ti”r&&ti& ”&”rnphtic” “ “ --

andhanmtopoiatictissues. . . . . . . . . . . . ...200-203

Benignneopkwns, oarcinomain situ,and naoplasms

ofunoarfainbehavbr andofunspecitied natura. ..210-239

Dtiesmelfi i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nuttiai deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..26G265

Meningilfs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . ...320-322

Major sardiiaasular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...380-448

Diseaaesofheart. . . . . . . . . . . .380-398,402,404-429

Rheumatiifaver andrheumaticheartdkease. .390-398

Hypertensiveheartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4O2

Hypertensivehearl and renaldisease. . . . . . . ...404

lsshemichaartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4lO-4l4

Awtemyocardiaiinfarstion. . . . . . . . . . . . ...410

Other acute and subacuteformsof

isshamicheattdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...411

Anginapactmf.s. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . ...413

Old myocardialinfarctionand otherforms

ofohronicischemichearfdisease . . . . ...412.414

(ltherdiaeaea sofendossrdium. . . . . . . . . . ...424

Allotherfonns ofheart disease. . ...415423.425-429

Hypertensionwithorwithout renaldisease . . ...401.403

Carebrovassulardiseaaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

SW footnotesat end of table.

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Table 8. Deattt rates for 72 selected causee by sgtx Unltad Stetea, 1982-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of aeferkk preceding csusa-oMaath cafes, ass Technical notas]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, All Under 14 5-14

International Classh%etion of Diseases, 1975)

15-24 25-34 364f 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-64

ages11 yesre years years years years

85 yeare

years years years years years and over

Intrscerebrel and other intracranial

hemorrhage................... ...431-432

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified

occlusion of cerebral arteries........ .434.0,434.9

Cerebral embolism................. ...434.1

All other and late effects of cerebroveeculer

dLseases................. ..43O.433.435-438

Atherosclerosis...................... ...440

Ofher diseasea of arteries, arterioles,

andcspilieries.................... ..441 +48

Acute bronchtis and bronchlolifis............ ...468

Pneumonia andinflusnze.............. ...46&187

Pneumonia...................... ...480-486

Influenza.......................... ...467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

sndelliadcorrdtions................ ...480-498

Bronchtis,chronic andunspscifiad....... ...480-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...483

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andelliadmmdiions............... ...494-498

UIcerofstomach andduodenum.......... ...531-533

Appendicitis....................... ...540-643

Hemiaofabdominsl cevityand intaetinal

obstrucfiorrwithout mentionofhemia..... .550-553,560

Chronic liverdisesseand cirrhosis............ ...571

Choleliihiasisand ofherdisordereof

gallbladder...................... ...57&575

Nephnlis, nephritic syndrome, andnephrosis.. ...560-568

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic

syndrome...................... ...580-581

Chronic glomerulonephrftis, nephritis and

nephropsthy, not spacikd as acute or chronic,

andrenelecleroeis, unspscfied....... .582–583,567

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and smell kidney of

unknown ceuse............. .564-526,5EW569

Infacfions of kidney..................... ...590

Hypsrplasia ofproefate................... ...800

Compkdiona of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium.................. ..630+76

Pregnancy wifhabortive outcome........ ...830-638

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

sndthepuerparium................ ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................. ...740-759

Certain conditions originating in the perinatel

period......................... ...700-779

Sirth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress syndrome 767–769

Other condtions originating in the perfrratal

pericd................... ..78fJ-766.77O-779

Symptoms, signs, andill-definad corrditions... ...780-783

AII other diseases.................... .. Residual

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Actidenteand sdveraa effeda . . . . . . . . . . ..E600-E949 34.0 20.5 15.9 9.3 37.8 32.5

Motor vehideaoddante . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E81O-E825

30.1 27.3 30.6

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44,2 96.3

4.0 5.5

254.8

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All ofher accidenfs and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E3W-E607,E626-E949 18.0 16.5 10.4 4.1 9.3 13.1 16.5 13.7 16.8 26.6 68.7 227.4

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E960-E258 12.0 . . . . . . 0.9 13.0 14.5 15,1 14.7 14.6 16.5 22.8 21.9

HomicideandlegsJ interverstion . . . . . . . . . ..EWI-E976 10.0 6.1 2.8 22.2 17.3 11.2 7.5 4.7 3.7 3.8 4.1

Allotherextemslcsuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E960-EW9 1.1 1.0 0.2 ;: 0.9 1.8 2.3 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.2

NOTE Datsfar WP044 Humsnimmurmdefiehsyvim infcden am .4wwnsma eqwefe table.

●

A

w

fn

us
Table 9. Deaths from 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1992

For explenafion of saterisk preceding cause-of-death males, see Technical notes]

Al/ other

All races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Both @dh

International Classification of Diseases, 1975)

Both

Male

Both

sexes Female sexes Male Fenrafe sexe9 Male Female sexes Mefe Female

Allceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis and amebiasis . . . . . . , . . . . . . . ...004.006

Cartein other intestinal infections. . . . . . . . . . ...007-008

Tuberculosi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010418

Tuberculosis of respiratory system . . . . . . . ...010-012

other tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..01WX8

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Straptococcal sore throat, ecarlatina,

arulerysipelaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningococcal infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Aoutepoliornyeliiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

WsJhepatiis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-087

Allotherinfactious andparaaitic

diseases . . . . . . . . .COl-C03,005,020-032,037 ,039441 ,

W2–W44,046+54,0S3-066,071+36,086-1 33

Malignantneoplsama,includingrswplaams of

Iyrnphatic endhemalopaieti ctissuee. . . . . . . ...140-206

Malignant naoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

andptmrynx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...14&149

Malignant neoptaams of d~stive organs

andperifoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-159

Malignant neo~asms of respiratory end

intrethoracic organs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-165

Malignant neoplasm of bresst. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neop!asrna ofgenital organs . . . . ...179-187

Malignant rreoplasms ofurinaryorgans . . . . ...166-189

Malignant neopharna of all other and

unspecified sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170-173,190-198

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-206

Other malignant naoplasms of lymphatic

and hernatopoiafic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..200-203

Benign neop!asms, oarcinoma in situ, and neodasms

of uncertain behavior and of unspecified nature. . .210-239

Dtabates malliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional daticienciaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-289

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-265

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-322

Major cardiovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-448

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease. .330-398

Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4O2

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemic heart diseaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

2,175,613

14

529

1,705

1,315

390

5

20:

19,667

i

2,001

91

520,578

8,107

122,873

151,269

43,365

60,050

21,643

62,667

19,272

31,112

7,070

50,067

3,135

4,246

796

913,906

717,706

5,702

21 ,S%3

2,492

460,051

1,122,336

12

255

1,059

653

3

2

98

8,527

1,24:

60

33,057

274,638

5,366

64,996

95,362

297

34,621

13,741

33,456

10,80?3

16,170

3,256

21,672

1,069

1,825

402

439,307

357,545

1,714

9,211

1,024

246,913

1,053,277

2

274

648

462

1S4

2

3

11,:8

2

752

31

7,339

245,740

2,741

57,877

55,887

43,066

25,229

7,902

29,431

8,663

14,942

3,814

28,395

2,046

2,421

396

474,601

360,161

3,966

12,642

1,48a

233,136

1,873,781

10

994

760

214

4

4

187

15,792

—

4

1,614

43

27,1 IX

454,531

6,676

105,107

133,123

36,053

50,613

19,667

56,166

17,405

27,715

6,191

40,442

2,642

3,241

569

803,998

633,487

5,161

15,685

1,743

434,078

956,957

6

205

466

114

3

2

6,7:

2

1,015

23

23,023

236,499

4,263

55,440

63,000

256

28,953

12,575

30,012

9,595

14,365

l%%

872

1,349

365,%’

315,463

1,537

8,312

701

224,109

916,624

2

225

392

282

100

1

6

9,057

i

20

4,063

216,032

2,333

49,667

50,129

37,797

21,660

7,092

26,154

7,810

13,330

3,348

22,491

1,770

1,692

289

418,193

318,004

3,624

9,373

1.042

301,632

4

711

535

176

1

1

34

3,875

—

—

387

46

13,290

66,047

1,431

17,766

18,140

6,312

9,437

1,976

6,721

1,667

3,397

879

9,625

1,%

229

108,912

64,219

541

6,168

749

45,973

165,379

4

50

457

365

92

—

—

19

1,792

2&

37

10,034

36,339

1,083

9,556

12,362

41

5,666

1,1(33

3,444

l,of4

1,765

413

3,721

217

476

53,::

42,062

177

2,898

323

22,804

136,453

49

254

170

64

1

1

15

2,063

—

153

11

3,256

23,708

346

8,210

5,758

5,271

3,569

810

3,277

653

1,612

4S6

5,eo4

276

529

107

56,408

42,157

3,X

426

23,169

269,219

2

6:

463

149

1

1

31

3,607

256

48

12,655

56,401

1,246

15,090

16~8

4,816

8,668

1,748

5,698

1,567

2,968

6,::

445

347

204

98,295

75,e4)o

431

5,654

707

40,397

146,630

2

47

400

323

77

1,4

l&

36

9,698

32,155

949

7,999

11,196

5,$

1,006

3,035

1,551

360

3,271

195

450

107

46,866

37,040

131

2,724

19,507
ACutemyW.arWinfamrion...

.......... ..410

Othertie and subaouteformsof

iaohem-kheertdieease.............. ...411

Angirrapeotoria..................... .413

Oldmyoawdialinfemtkmand oftwrforms

of ohronicisohemicheartdisease.... ...412.414

Ofherdimaeea oferrckwdium........... ...424

Allotherformsof heartdisease.. ...416-423.425-429

Hypertensionwithor witlwutrenaldisease.. ...401.403

Cembmvssculardiaaases............ ...430-438

Mrscerebrsl and otherintracran-kl

hsmonhage..................... .431-432

@IWbrd tflM17bOSiS end U-d

ooolusiorrof oerebrelarteries...... ...434.0.434.9

Cerebraiemtxllism................. ...434.1

Allotherand late effsotsof cembmvaaoular

dissssss.............. ..13843O.433.435-l38

Afhemaderoaia...................... ...440

other diaSMaa of arteries,arterioles,

andcapillaries........... ..!. o..... .441-448

Acutebronchii end brorrchiditis............ ...488

Pneumonisandinfluenza.............. ...480-487

PnWmOniS.................... ...480-486

Influenza ..................... .,, ,. ...487

ChronioObsbWhW. pu!monarydissssss

anda!lidwndiins............. ., ...490-496

Bronchitis,chronicand unspsohled....... ...490-491

Emphysema........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...433

Otherchunk ObSkUOtiie Puhnonary diseases

Sndalliedcondiiions..............., ..494-498

Uksrofstomachandduodsnum........... .. E31-533

Appandiis........................ ..54o-543

H@niaof abdominaloevityand intestinal

OMruOtknwithout mentionofhemia... ...550-553.560

Chronicliverdiseaasandsirrhosis........... ...571

Wdti=is atitiwdW&m &@lMatier. ..574-575

Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,and nephrosis.

. ...530-589

Acuteglomenrlonephritisand nsphrotk

syndro me.,...

........... ...580-581

Chunk glomerulonephrit!s,nephritis,and

nephmpathy,notspecifiedaa souteor ohmnk,

and rend sclerosis,unspscdiad....... .582-683,587

Renalfailure,diwrders readfingfrom impsimdrend

furwtkrn,and emallkidneyof unknown

.534-588,588-588

lntiwb%i.kd.ti j::: ~::: ::1: l::........ ..690

Hyperplasiaof prostate................... ...800

Complicationsof pregnanoy,childbirth,

andthepuerperium,,............... ...630-876

Pregnencywilhabortiie outaxne. .,,..,. ...530-836

Otheroomplioationsof pregnancy,childbirth,

andthepuerperium................ ...840-876

Congen.h alanomalles............... ...740-759

Certainmndtiionsoriginatingin the perinatal

period......................... ...760-779

Birthtrauma, intrauterinehypoxia,birth

asphyxia,and respiratorydistresssyndrome.. .767–769

229,383

3,173 1,rM3

246,488

14,358

193,249

10,265

143,788

21,116

15,s83

108,438

16,831

26,337

577

75,719

74,713

1,008

91,336

l::E

4,884

88,947

6,126

413

6,073

25,263

2,915

22,152

304

1,603

20,355

1,083

397

316

52

12,::

15,730

2,929

123,121

1,770

433

121,569

6,061

92,832

4,265

68,845

9,839

6,081

233

40,712

6,328

14,504

282

35,465

35,127

50,486

1,819

9,422

1,889

37,356

2,924

244

2,241

16,487

1,252

10,816

i43

776

9,887

327

387 . . . . . . . . .

6,825

6,817

1,892

108,.282

1,408

670

124,887

8,306

100,617

5,830

87,124

11,479

9,522

397

86,726

10,503

10,833

40,?4

39,688

41,473

1,845

6,841

3,095

29,582

3,204

169

3,832

8,776

1,653

11,346

161

727

io,468

768 . . .

318

52

288

5,888

6,913

1.230

208,628

2,538

912

223,33$

13,261

183,583

7,7ECI

124,37i

17,326

13,615

E&2

32,869

15,493

22,835

500

67,456

88,502

964

85,231

3,421

15,406

3,789

82,616

5,462

326

5,281

21,288

1%%

252

1,200

16,451

366

161

25

9,:=

9,188

1,898

111,528

1,495

394

110,632

5,512

77,312

3,228

43,073

7,692

6,199

207

34,985

5,768

13,263

239

30,951

30,837

314

48,365

1,885

6,745

1,382

34,553

2,639

188

1,679

13,910

1,140

8,784

119

611

8,054

277 . . . . . . . . .

5,254

5,126

1,098

85,101

1,204

518

f13,148

7,733

88,267

4,622

76,288

9,843

8,416

355

57,884

9,737

9,832

261

E@

38,876

1,738

6,880

2,427

28,063

2,913

130

3,412

7,376

1,449

9,119

133

22,764

480

91

22,848

1,108

22,660

2,515

19,388

3,763

1,968

88

13,688 1,33a

2,442

77

8,283

8,211

52

6,707

243

1,%

4,331

676

67

782

3,977

il ,583

275

39

10,897

533

15,320

1,057

8,572

1,957

20,104

428

82

19,783

984

27,227

2,327

17,044

3,139

1,780

56

12,088

1,203

2,115

71

7,074

7,034

40

5,857

204

831

1,038

3,785

1,161 9,970 10,134

205

52

I,751

669

237 191

35 47

9,265

467

13,917

10,518

517

14,360 13,310

1,458

10,826

1,836 1,KY3

42

7,842

788

1,201

34

3,749

3,721

28

2,597

108

281

868 1,368

7,421 9,623

1,627 1,512

862 1,007

37

753

26

5,727

572

1,241

43

4,514

4,480

24

4,110

134

677

507

2,792

19

5,022

1,032

3,8%

3,804

16

3,688

115

635

433

2,438

7,087

705

1,083

33

3,252

3,230

22

2,288

2;

883 603

1,539

●

291

39

420

1,400

214

2,227

28

136

2,081

67

...

157

27

130

1,230

2,673

430

1,350

385 588 323 245

48 35

362

2,577

112

2,032

24

186

1,643

60

39

...

...

...

1,371

3,689

601

76

724

3,315

275

3,889

44

279

3,586

119

38

140

26

114

2,167

6,176

41

326

2,f8f 1,8%

18

393

1,134

2,E

326

4,259

52

303

3,804

137

39

157

27

130

2,801

6,S32

1,031

26

152

8,397 . . .

161

25

4,&l

4,040

1,680

44

36

...

...

...

1,152

3,469

1,385

75

...

140

26

114

1,015

2,707

800 660 680
Table 9. Desths from 72 eelected csuaes by race and eex Unftsd States, 1992-Con. *

For explanationofasterisk preceding cauee-ofdeath codes, see Twtrnioel notes]

All ofher

All races Write Totat B/a&

Cause of dasfh (Ninth Revision, Both Bofh Both

International CIaaah7cation of Dtsesaea, 1975) Mele

Both

sexes Female sexes Me/e Femafe sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Other conditions originating in the perinatal

m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..7-7=.77~~ 12,801 7,118 5,883 7,270 4,030 3,240

Symptoms, signs, and illdefinsd cundiions. . . ...780-799

5,531

23,430 12,560

2,443

10,850

5,216

17,959

2,909

9,424 8,535

2,307

5,471 ;!% 2,315

AIlotherdiseaaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residusl 1s0,!?01 82,152

4,976

98,749

2,856

158,775 70,188

2,120

88,609 24,126 11,986 12,140 21,648 10,671 10,977 ~

Accidenta sndadvarweffeots . . . . . . . . . . ..ESOWE949 8&777 57,882 28,915 72,392 47,879 24,513 14,385

Motor vehicle awidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825 40,982

9,933 4,402

27,382 13,000

11,820

34,439

6,238

23,415 11,024 6,543

3,582 ~

Al other a~”dents and adverse

4,587 1,976 5,071 3,807 1,464 5

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8OO-E8O7.E828-E949 45,795 29,380 15,915 37,953 24,484 13,469 7,842 ?

Suioida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E95%E953 30,484

5,416 2,426

24,457 6,027

6,749

27,611

4,831

22,126

2,118

5,485 2,873 s

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .ES60-E976 25,488

2,331 542

20,115 5,373

2,143 1,8C13 340

12,488 9,436 3,012 13,020 ~

Another external oausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E980-E999

10,859

2,806

2,361

2,115

12,318

791 2,239 1,802

10,131 2,187

637 667 513 154 599 460 139 @

NOTE: Dsts ror W42-W4 Human immunodsSdency vims infsction are s+iavn in a separstetabls. s

=

0

=

o

0

z

u

3

●
Table 10. Daath rates for 72 aelacted causes by rata and em Unltad States, 19S2

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death IXMES,see Twhnical notes]

Afl other

All races W’tdte Total Black

Cauae of death (Ninth Rovkion, Both Both Both Both

International C/asMr7cationof Dkwaaes, 1975) sexes Mafe Femafe sexes Male Female sexes Mafe Femafe sexes Male Female

Allaausea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis and amebiasls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..004.003

Certain other intestinal infections. . . . . . . . . . . . ,007-0+)9

Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosis of respiratory system . . . . . . . ...010-012

Ofhertuberculcais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..01W318

Wlmcping ccugh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptcwccal sore throat, soarlatina,

anderysipalas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..034+35

Meningoccccal infect,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..03$

Acutepdiomyelifia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Walhepatiis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...060-027

All other infectious and parasitic

diseases . . . . . . . . .001-003,005,020-032,037,036-041,

%42-W44,046-054,05S-066,071-066,066-139

Malignantnaoplaams, indudingnaoplasms of

Iymphaticand hematopcietictissues . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-149

Malignant naoplasms of digestive organs

andpedtoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150-166

Melignantnacplasms cfraspiratoryand

intrathoracioorgans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-185

Malignant neoplasm ofbreast. . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgental organs . . . . . ..17(+187

Malignant neoplasms ofurinary organs . . . . . . .16S-169

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspaoifiedaites. . . . . . . . . . . . . , .170-173,120-199

Leukemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-206

Other malignant necpiasms of lymphatic

andhematopciefic ilssues. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..200-203

Benign neoplasms, oarcinoma in situ, and nacplasms

ofunoartain behsvior andof unspecified nature. ..210-239

Diabafea mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nufrifiona! dtioiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., , .,260-269

Anemias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,,.,260-265

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . ...320--322

Major cardiovascular diseases. , . . . . . . . . . . ..390-446

Disaaaesofheart. . . . . . . . . . , .3S0-396,402,404-429

Rheumatic fever andrheumatic heart disease 390-396

Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..402

852.9

*

0.2

0.7

0.5

0.2

●

●

0.1

7.7

*

*

0.6

0.0

15.6

204.1

3.2

46,2

59.3

17.0

23.5

8.5

24.7

7.6

12.2

1;:

1.2

1.7

35;::

281.4

2.2

8.6

901.6

●

0.2

0.9

0.7

0.2

*

*

::

●

*

1.0

0.0

26.6

220.8

4.3

52.2

76.6

2::

11.0

26.9

8.5

13.0

2.6

17.4

0.9

1.5

35K

267.2

?4

806.5

●

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.1

*

*

0.1

8,5

*

*

0.6

0.0

5.6

166.2

2.1

44,3

42.8

33.0

19.3

6.1

22,5

6.6

11.4

2?;

1.6

1.9

0.3

363.4

275.8

3.1

9.7

680.0

●

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.1

*

0.;

7.4

●

0.;

0.0

12.7

213.5

3.1

49.4

62.5

17.9

23.6

9.2

26.4

6.2

13.0

2.9

19.0

1.2

1.5

0.3

377.6

297.5

2.4

7.4

917.2

*

0.2

0.6

0.5

0.1

*

*

::

*

*

u

22.1

228.6

4.1

53.1

79.5

0.2

27.7

12.1

26.6

9.2

13.6

1:;

0.8

E

369.6

302.4

1.5

6.0

644.3

*

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.1

*

*

0.1

6.3

●

●

0.6

0.0

3.8

199.0

2.2

45.7

46.2

34.8

19.9

6.5

24.1

7.2

12.3

3.1

20.7

1.6

1.7

38~

222.9

3.3

8.6

716.0

*

0.2

1.7

1.3

0.4

*

0.;

9.2

●

0.;

0.1

31.5

156.7

3.4

42.1

43.0

12.6

22.4

4.7

15.9

4.4

6.1

2;:

1.2

2.4

0.5

260.7

199.8

t .3

14.6

821.1

●

0.2

2.3

1.8

0.5

*

*

*

6.9

*

*

1.2

0.2

49.8

180.4

5.4

47.4

61.5

0.2

29.1

5.8

17.1

5.0

8.9

2.1

18.5

;:

0,6

265.7

208.6

1;

619.9

*

0.2

E

0.4

*

●

*

9.5

●

*

0.7

*

14.6

135.0

1.6

37.3

26.2

23.9

16.2

3.7

14.9

3.9

7.3

2,1

26.8

1.3

2.4

0.5

256.2

191.5

1.7

14.9

650.5

*

0.3

1.9

1.5

0.5

*

*

1:4

*

0.;

0.1

40.6

184.5

3.9

47.7

51.6

15.2

27.4

5.5

16.6

5.0

9.4

2.5

27,3

1.4

3.0

31E

236.6

1;:

977.5

0.;

2.7

2.2

0.5

*

*

*

11.1

●

●

1.0

0.2

64.7

214.4

6.3

63.3

74.7

0.2

36.9

6.7

20.2

5.6

10.3

2.4

21.8

1.3

3.0

0.7

313.1

246.9

0.9

16.2

736.2

●

0.3

U

0.4

*

*

*

11.6

*

*

0.6

●

19.0

157.6

1.6

42.6

30.9

28.7

18.9

4.4

17.2

4.5

8.6

2.5

32.3

::

0.6

308.2

231.6

lE
Table 10. Death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex: United States, 1992-Can. 

[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes] 

A/I other 

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Both 

international Classification of Diseases, 1975) sexes 

All races White Total Black 

Bath Both Both 

Male Female sexes Ma/e Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 

Hypertensive heart and renal disease. ...... 404 

lschemic heart disease. ....... .410-414 

Acute myocardiat infarction ............. .410 

Other acute and subacute forms of 

ischemic heart disease ............. .411 

Angina pectoris .................. .413 

Old myocardial infarction and other forms 

of chronic ischemic heart disease ..... .412,414 

Other diseases of endocardium ............. .424 

All other forms of heart disease. ... .415-423,425-429 

Hypertension with or without renal disease ... 401,403 

Cerebrovascular diseases ............. .43@438 

lntracerebral and other intracranial 

hemorrhage. ................. .431-432 

Cerebral thrombosis and unspecified 

occlusion of cerebral arteries ........ .434.0,434 9 

Cerebral embolism ................. .434.1 

All other and late effects of cerebrovascular 

diseases. ................ .430,433,43+%38 

Atherosclerosis .................... 440 

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles, 

and capillaries .................. .441448 

Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis .............. .466 

Pneumonia and influenza ............... .480-487 

Pneumonia. ................... 480-486 

influenza ...................... .487 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 

and allied conditions ......... .49&496 

Bronchitis, chronic and unspecified. ....... .490491 

Emphysema. .................... 492 

Asthma ......................... ,493 

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases 

and allied conditions ............ .494496 

Ulcer of stomach and duodenum. .......... .531-533 

Appendicitis. ............. ........ .540-543 

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal 

obstruction without mention of hernia . 55&553,560 

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. .......... .571 

Cholelithiasis and other disorders of 

gallbladder ........................ .574-575 

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. .580-589 

Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic 

syndrome. .................. .. .580-581 

1.0 0.8 1.1 08 07 1 .o 1.0 16 19 22 20 25 

188.2 198.4 178.5 203 9 214.8 193.4 109.1 1132 1052 1276 1300 1254 

89.9 98.9 61.4 970 106.9 87.6 540 576 50.7 635 665 609 

1.2 1.4 11 1.3 1.4 11 11 14 09 14 16 1.1 

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 04 0.5 0.2 02 02 03 02 0.3 

96.6 97.7 956 105.1 106 1 1042 53.7 541 53.4 625 61.8 632 

56 49 64 6.2 53 71 26 2.7 26 31 3.1 31 

75 8 74.4 77.0 76.8 74.1 79.4 70.4 76.1 65.2 860 92 8 799 

4.0 34 4.6 3.6 31 42 60 5.2 6.6 74 65 62 

56.4 45 5 66 7 58 4 46 1 70.3 460 42.6 492 536 495 57.8 

8.3 77 8.8 6.1 7.4 8.9 9.0 97 6.3 99 10.8 91 

61 4.9 7.3 64 5.0 7.8 4.7 43 5.0 56 50 6.0 

0.2 02 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 01 0.2 02 l 0.2 

41 7 32.7 50.3 43.6 33.5 53.3 32.2 28.4 35.6 38.2 335 424 

6.6 5.1 8.0 7.3 5.5 9.0 32 2.8 3.5 38 34 42 

9.9 11.7 8.3 10.8 12.7 8.9 58 6.2 55 67 69 65 

0.2 02 02 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 02 0.2 0.3 0.2 

29.7 285 30.8 31.7 29.7 33.6 19.6 22.4 17.0 223 25.5 19.5 

29.3 28.2 30.3 31.2 29.4 33.0 195 22.3 16.9 222 25.4 19.4 

0.4 03 05 0.4 03 0.6 0.1 01 0.1 01 * 01 

36.0 40.5 31 8 400 444 35.8 15.9 204 11 8 185 238 137 

1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 16 1.6 06 07 05 06 0.8 0.5 

6.4 76 53 7.2 8.4 61 23 3.4 1.3 2.6 3.9 15 

1.9 15 2.4 1.8 1.3 22 28 2.5 3.0 3.3 29 36 

26.2 30 0 22 7 29.4 33.1 25.8 10.3 13.9 70 120 16.2 8.1 

2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.8 22 1.5 

0.2 02 0.1 0.2 02 0.1 0.2 02 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 

2.4 I .a 29 2.5 18 

99 13.2 67 10.0 13.3 

1.1 

87 

01 

IO 

87 

0.1 

13 

87 

0.1 

12 

84 

01 

1.1 

84 

0.1 

31 

68 

13 

8.4 

0.1 

1.9 

9.4 

0.8 

10.1 

0.1 

18 19 23 2.2 24 

12.8 6.4 105 145 68 

0.6 

IO 1 

09 0.6 

12.3 123 

0.1 

1 .o 

10.1 

01 0.1 * 

11 

12.2 

02 

L 

s s z 

s 2 UY P d 

s t: 3 4 % 

2 

-i 

F 0) E 

% c) 5 

.F -L 

8 
nephmpathy, notspecified asacute or chronic,

and renal aderods, unspecified........ ...662-563.567

Renal failure, disorders resulting from impaired

renal function, and smatl kidney of

unknown causa.........,....... .564-536,56&569

Infactions of kidney........................ ..59o

Hyperplasia of prostate..................... ...600

Complications of pragnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium.................... ..63)-676

Pregnancy wifhaborfive outcome.......... ...630-636

Other complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium........... .,........640-676

Congenital anomalies................... ...740-759

Certain conditions originating in the pennatal

period........................... ...760-779

Sirth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, birth

asphyxia, andrespiratory distress syndrome... .767–769

Other conditions originating in the perinafal

Period.................... ..76O-766.77&779

Symptoms, signs, andill-definad conditions..... ...760-799

Atl other diseases...................... .. Residual

Accidents andadverseeffecfs.............. .E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents................ .E61O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects................... .E800-E807,E626-E949

Suicide........................... .. E950-E959

Homicide andlegal intervention............. .E960-E978

Another externaJcauses................. .E960-E999

0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6

6.0 8.0 8.0 7.7

0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4

0.2 0.3... 0.2

0.1... 0.2 0.1

0.0... 0.0 0.0

0.1... 0.2 0.1

4.9 5.3 4.5 4.6

6.2 7.1 5.3 4.3

1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9

5.0 5,7 4.4 3.4

9.2 10.1

70.9 66.0 7:: 7ti

34.0 46.5 22.1 34.0

16.1 22.5 10.0 16.2

18.0 24.0 12.2 17.8

12.0 19.6 4,6 13.0

10.0 16,2 4.1 5.9

1.1 1.7 0.6 1.1

0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6

7.7 7.7 9.3 9.2 9.4

0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4

0.3... 0.1 0.2... . . . 0.1 0.4 . . . 0.0 0.1 . .. 0,1 0.3

5.0 4.3 6.2

4.9 3.7 15.6

1.1 0.7 2.4

3.9 3.0 13.1

7.9 i 3.0

6% 79.6 57.2

45.9 22.6 34.1

22.4 10.2 15.5 . . . . . . . . .

6.6

16.3

3.0

15.3

15.7

59.6

49.6

22.7

0.7

0.1

0.6

5.6

13.1

2.0

11.1

10.5

55.1

20.0

9.0

23.4 12.4 16.6 26.9 11.0

21.2 5.1 11.6

9.1 2.8 3:: 52.9 1%

1.5 0.6 1.6 2.5 0.7

0.9 1.0 0.6

11.3 11.2 11.3

0.4 0.3 0.5

0.1 0.2...

0.4... 0.6

0.1... 0.2

0.4... 0.7

6.6 7.7 6.1

19.5

3

23.1 16.3

~

3.0 3.7 2.4

9z

16.5 19.4 13.9~

15.7 19.0 12.7

=

68.4 71.1 65.9

37.3 54.9 21.5 fl

16.0 24.0 6.6

~

21.3 30.9 12.7

5~

12.0 2.0

3:: 67.5 13.1

#

1.9 3.1 0.8

~

N07E Dats for W2–W4.4 Human immuncdsficiensy virus infection WE shown Ina separate table.

.. ●
Table 11. Age-ad] uated death rates for 72 selected causes by race and sex United States, 1S92

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; aee Technical notas. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

, All other

.41 races White Total Black

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Both Both Both

hrtemationalC /aasificationo fDiaeases, 1975) Male

Both

sexes Famale sexes Male Female sexas Male Female sexes Male Female

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shigellosis andamebiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...004.006

Certain other intestinal infections.. ., . . . . . . ...007-009

Tuberculoaia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...010-018

Tuberculosisofrespiratorysystem . . . . . . . ...010-012

Othertuberculoais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...012-018

Whoopingcough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Streptocwcal sore throat, scarlatina,

anderysipalas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...034-035

Meningcmccal infaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Acute poliomyeiitie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045

Measles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...055

Vwal hepatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...070

Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...090-097

All other infectious and parasitic

diseases . . . . . . . . .001-003,005,020-032,037,03%041 ,

W42-*044,048-054,056-066,071-038,098-139

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplaams of

Lymphatic andhematopoietictiaaues . . . . . . ...140-208

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity,

and pharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14G149

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

and peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15G159

Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and

intrathoraclcorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180-185

Malignant neoplasm ofbreast . . . . . . . . . ...174-175

Malignant neoplasms ofgenital organs. . . ...179-187

Malignant neoplaems ofurinary organs. . . ...138-189

Malignant neoplasms of all other and

unspecified sites . . . . . . . . . . ...170-173.190-199

Leukemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...204-208

Other malignant neoplasms of lymphatic

andhematopoietic tissuea . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-203

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplasms

ofuncertain behavior andofunspec”tied nature. . .210-239

Diabetesmellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Nutritional deficiencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-269

Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...260-265

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...320-32.2

Majorcardiovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . ...390-446

Oiseaaesofheart. . . . . . . . . . ..380+98.402.404-f29

Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. .390-396

Hypertensive heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402

Hypertensive heart andrenaldiseaae. . . . . . . ...404

Ischemicheartdisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410-414

504.5

●

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.1

*

*

0.1

4.0

*

*

0.8

0.0

14.7

133.1

2.3

29.8

40.6

12.0

13.5

5.1

16.9

4.9

7,9

1.7

11.9

0.5

0.9

0.2

180.4

144.3

1.3

4.6

0.5

95.7

858.0

*

0.1

0.7

0.5

0.1

●

●

0.1

4.6

●

●

0.9

0.0

24.8

162.8

3.5

36.3

58.5

0.2

17.0

7.6

21.0

6.4

9.8

1.9

12.7

0.5

1.0

23~5

195.1

1.0

5.5

0.5

133.8

380.3

0.;

0.3

0.2

0.1

*

●

0.1

3.6

*

●

0.4

0.0

4.8

1~1.6

1.2

22.6

27.1

21.9

12.1

3.1

13.6

3.9

6.3

1.5

11,1

0.4

0.8

13:::

103.8

1.6

4.1

0.4

65.7

477.5

●

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.1

*

0.;

3.5

*

*

0.6

0.0

11.5

129.9

2.1

26,0

40.2

11.8

12.7

5.2

17.1

5.0

7.9

1.6

10.5

0.4

0.7

0.2

172.8

139.2

1.3

3.5

0.3

95.5

620.9

*

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.1

●

●

0.1

3.9

●

*

0.8

0.0

20.2

157.3

3.1

36.3

56.7

0.2

15.6

8.0

21.2

8.5

9.8

1;::

0.4

0.6

0.2

229.1

190.3

1.0

4.1

0.4

134.8

359.9

●

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

●

0.;

3.1

●

*

0.4

0.0

2.9

110.3

1.2

21.4

27.4

21.7

11.7

3.1

13.7

3.9

6.3

1.5

9.6

0.4

0.6

0.2

t 27.6

98.1

1.6

3.0

0.3

84.1

660.2

*

0.2

1.6

1.2

0.4

●

●

0.1

8.0

*

*

0.9

0.1

31.2

154.6

3.7

40.8

44.7

13.0

20.1

4.4

15.9

4.2

7.8

1.9

21.8

::

22:

177.2

1.3

13.9

1.6

95.1

871.0

●

0.2

2.5

2.0

0.5

●

●

●

9.3

●

*

1.3

0.2

50.8

203.6

6.5

54.0

72.3

0.2

29.5

6.4

19.5

5.4

9.8

2.2

20.6

1.0

2.3

0.6

287.3

226.7

1.0

18.2

1.7

122.5

495!0

*

0.2

1.0

0.6

0.4

●

*

●

6.9

*

●

0.7

*

14.1

120.5

1.5

31.0

24.6

22.9

14.7

2.9

13.1

3.4

6.3

1.7

22.2

0.7

2.0

0.4

188.9

140,1

1):

1.5

74.7

767.5

*

0.2

1.9

1.4

0.4

*

*

0.1

9.5

*

●

0.8

0.1

40.9

177.5

4.3

44.6

52.7

15.4

23.6

5.0

16.2

4.7

9.0

2.2

25.3

1.0

2.7

0.6

265.3

205.4

1.3

17.2

1.9

107.3

1,026.9

*

0.2

3.0

2.4

0.5

*

●

●

11.4

●

*

1.1

0.2

67.3

238.1

7,7

59.6

86.7

0.3

36.2

7.3

23.0

6.0

11.4

2.5

24.2

).2

2.9

0.7

333.6

284.1

1.0

20.4

2.0

138.2

568.4

*

0.2

1.1

0.7

0.4

*

●

*

8.1

*

0.:

*

18.3

136.6

1.7

33.8

28.5

27.0

16.6

3.4

14.7

3.7

7.2

2.0

25.8

0.8

2.4

0.5

215.3

162.4

1.6

14.7

1.8

84.9
Aoutemyocsrdial infamtion

............ ...410

Other asufe and eubaoute forms of

isdramic frwtdieaase.............. ...411

Anginepactoria.................... ..413

Old myocartlial infarction and other forms

of ohronic isohemic hearl disease.... ...412.414

rlhardisaaaas ofendorwdium........... ...424

All other forma of heart dsaaae.. ...415-423.425-429

Hypertension with or without renal disease.. ...401.403

Cerebrovaacular diaeaaea............. ..43G438

Intraoerebral and ofher intracranial

hemorrhage.................... ..431-432

Cerebral fhromboeis and unepedfied

ocduaion of aerebral adm”es...... ...434.0.43-4.9

(%ebralemtdlsm................. ...434.1

All otherand Iefe affectsof carebrovssdar

diseasee................. ..43o.433.435-436

Athamadaroeis...................... ...440

Other diseases of arteries, arterioles,

andoapillanes................... ...441-446

Acute bronchtis and bronohidtis............ ...485

Pneurnonla and influenza............... ..46G467

Pneumonia...................... ...460-466

Influenza.......................... ...467

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andalliad condtions c................ ..49G496

Bronchtis, chronic and unepeoifiad....... ...430-491

Emphyaama........................ ...492

Asthma........................... ...493

Other ohmnic obefruotive pulmonary d~ases

andalliad oondiins............... ...494-496

Ulcarofatomach and duodenum.......... ...531-533

Appendicitis........................ ..540-543

Harnia of aMominal cavily and intee6nal

obsfrudion without menfionofhemia..... .550+53,560

Chronic liver dieeaaa anddrrhoals............ ...571

Chdeliihieeis and other dwdera of

gallbladder...................... ...574-575

Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, andnephroais.. ...560-563

Aoule glornarukmaphrftis and naphmtic

syndrome....................... ..560+81

Chronic glomerulonephrfts, nephritis, and

nephmpathy, rrof q@ffed as acute or ahrcmlc,

andrenal edermie, unepadfiad..... ...582-563.567

Renal failure, disordem resdting from impaired

renal fundlorr, and small kidney of

unknown oauee............. ..564-666.56&539

Infacfione ofkdnay...................... ..E430

Hyparplasia ofpmatafe................... ...600

Cornplisatione of pragnenoy, childbirth,

andthapuerparfum................. ...330-676

Pragnenoywith abodiioutcome........ ...630-636

Ofher aompiiaationa of pragnanoy, childbhth,

and fhepuerperfum............... ...640-676

Congenital anomalies................. ...740-759

49.1 89.1 33.2 49.0 5S.7 32.4 46.6 63.2 37.9 55.2 71.6 43.4

0.6

0.2

0.5

0.1

0.7 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.5 0.7

0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

45.7 &3.4

2.6 3.1

39.4 51.2

2.3

~; 26.6

31.9

2.2

29.6

1.6

24.2

45.5 63.9 31.1 45.3 57.6 36.0

3.0 2.2 2.3 1.9

2 47.0 28.9 63.1 8ii 46.5

1.6 1.8 1.4 5.3

24.2 28.3 22.5 39.9 4;: 3::

50.7

7$

4U

40.6

2.2

57.2

3E

5.1 5.7 4.5

2.7 3.0 2.4

0.1 0.1 0.1

4.4 50 3.9 9.1 11.2 7.5 10.0 12.5 6.1

2.5 2.8 2.3 3.6 4.5 3.3

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

4.4

0.1

5.2*3.8

0.1

18,4 19.7 17.3

2.4 2.8 2.1

5.4 7.6 3.6

0.1

1:; 18

12.5 16.5E

0.2 0.2 0.2

17.2 16.5 16.2 26.6 29.7 24.7

2.4 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.6 1.9

30.5

2.6

34.2

3.2

27.6

2.2

5.4 7.9 3.5 5.2 6.7 4.1

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

1:: lZ 9.7 15.7 22.2 11.1

11.9 15.6 9.5 15.6 22.1 11.0

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

5.6

lE

17.3

0.1

7.4

0.2

25,0

24.9*

4.7

0.2

12.2

12.1

0.1

19.9 26.4 15.5

0.8 0.9 0.6

3.7 5.0 2.7

1.4 1.2 1.5

20.4 26.8 16.1 14.7 21.6 9,9

0.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4

3.9 5.2 2.9 2.1 3.7 1.1

1.1 0.9 1.3 2.6 2.8 2.9

16.6

0.5

2.4

3.3

24.8

0.6

4.1

3.1

11.2

0.4

1.2

3.5

14.6 19.6 11.2 9.2 14.7 5.5

1.2 1.5 0.9 1.4 2.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2E

10.3

1.6

0.2

6.2

r2

14.0 19.2 10.6

1.2 1.5 0.9

0.1 0.1 0.1

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3

7.7 11,1 4.6 10.3 IE 6.4

2.0

17.2

1.5

6.9

0.7

6,7

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7

3.7 4.8 3.0 6.8 10.5 7.6

0.7

10.2

0.5 0.6 0.5

4.3 5.5 3.6

0.1 0.1

‘ 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.! 0.1 0.1

* 0.1

0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5

4.0 &o 3.3

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.1 0.2...

3.4 4.4 6.0 9.5 7.0

0.2 0.1 :: 0.3 0.2 0.3

0.1 0.2... O.f 0.2

...

9.4

0.3

0.1

11.4

0.3

0.2

6.0

0.3 . . .

0.1 ... 0.3

0.0... 0.0

0.1 . . . 0.2 0.4

... 0.7

0.0... 0.0 0.1

... 0.1

0.4

0.1

0.9

0.1 . . . . . .

0.1 . . . 0.2

4.6 6.0 4.3

0.1 ... 0.1 0.3... 0.6

4.5 4.8 4.1 5.1 5.4 4.6

0.3

5.6

0.7

5.2 . . .

6.1
Table 11. Ag~adjueted death rates for 72 eelected oeuees by race and 88x: United States, 1992+on.

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. slandard million population; see Tachnisal notes. For explanation of asterisk preceding sauaa-ofdeath codas, sea Tachnisal notes]

All oiher

,4/1races White Total Bledr

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Both

International Ciaeeir%atkm of Ck3ases, 1975)

Bofh Roth

Mafe

Both

sexes Femefe sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Cerlain condtions originating in the pwinatal

period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

8irth trauma, intrauterine hypoxia, bitth

asphyxia, and respiratory chstreee syndrome . . .767-769

Other conditions originating In the pennatal

pariod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..76o-766.77&779

Symptome, signs, and ill-defined condfiions. . . ...760-799

ANother diseaees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

Acoidenta and adverse effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E849

Motor vehicle acoidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E810-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E626-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E9WE959

Homicide and legal intervention . . . . . . . . . . .E8EZPE978

Nofherextemal oauaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E860-E999

6.0 6.6 5.4 4.4 4.9 4.0 12.0 13.3 10.6 14.9 16.6 13.2

1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.9 2.2 1.6 2.3 2.7 1.9

4.9 5.4

6.7 8.4

36.1 45.4

29.4 43.1

15.8 22.3

4.4

5.0

32.3

16.4

9.5

3.5 3.8

7.2

3H 42.7

28.8 41.9

15.9 22.2

3.2

4.3

30.4

16.1

9.6

10.1 11.1

11.2 14.5

51.2 62.5

33.4 50.9

15.7 23.4

9.0

&4

42.7

16.3

9.0

12.6 13.9

13.5 17.5

59.9 74.3

36.5 56.7

16.3 25,0

11.3

10.1

49.3

19.3

8.7

13.7 20.8

11.1 16.4

10.5 16.7

1.1 1.6

7.0

4.3

4.2

0.6

12.9 19.7

11.8 19.5

6.1 9.3

1.0 1.4

6.5

4.6

2.8

0.5

17.7 27.5

6.9 11.8

31.0 53.0

1.5 2.5

9.3

2.5

10.5

0.7

20.2 31.7

6.9 12.4

39.4 66.1

1.8 3.1

10.5

2.1

13.0

0.8

NOIF oats for W2-W4 Humanirnrnunodefidenqvim infedcmare shwm in a separatetable.
Table 12. Deaths and death rates for 16 selected subcategories of Malignant neopiasms, inciuding necplasmsrof iymphetic and hematopoiatic tieeues, by race and aex

United Statce, 1992

~as par 100,04Krpcpdetion in specified group]

Ail other

All races white Total Black

Causeof death (Nhffr Ravkhrn, Botfr Both

hrtamatbnalc1 “

Euth

aaanWhrof Dkaaaes, 1975) Sexes Male Female

53th

sexes Male Female saxes Male Female sexes Male Female

Number

Malignantneopkrsmsl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. O.....O

Malignant rrec@asmcf eacphegus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I6o

Mahgnentnacpla wnofstomach .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...151

Malignant neoplasma of CC40n,rectum, ractosigmoid junction,

andanua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...163.164

Malignant necplesmof pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I57

Mafignent necplaems of trachea, bronchus, end lung . . . . . . . . ...162

Meliirnalanoma ofekin . . . . . . . . . . .,...............172

Malignant nacpiaam ofcarvix uteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1oo

Msiignarrf neoplesms of body of uterus and of uterus, part

MS@Chid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...178.182

Msliineoplssm ofovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lw.o

Melignantneoplasmofpmstate,..... ., ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I86

MaUgnantnecplasmcfbiaddar......, . .,.....,.....,...188

Malignantneopiasms ofkidneyandotherand unapwitied

Urinarywgans . . . . .. m...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lW

Malignsntnecplm cftrreinandotherand unspadfiedpsrtsof

nsrvouaayatem . . . . . . . . . . ,, ...,...............191,192

Hodgkin’sdiaesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...201

Malignantiymphoma otherthan l+cdgkin’s dlasaae . . . . . . . . ..200,202

Mdt@lemyabrnaand otherimmunoprolifsretive nacplasms. . . . . . .208

Maiignentnacphainsi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maligrrantnecplasmofesophsgus.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I5o

Maliinardneoplaamofstomach.,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I5l

Maiignantnacplaems cfcolon, ractum, rwtosigmoid junction,

andenua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..153,154

Malignantna@asmofpancreas... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I57

M#gntiw@asm dtmchm,bmtiw, andlung , . . . . . . . ...182

Mslignantmalancmscfskin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...172

Mslignarrtnwpiesmofcervixuteri.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ioo

Ms@nsntnaoplasms ofbodyofutarusand ofuterus,psrt

UllSpf3CifiSd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...178.182

Melignarrtneoplssmofovaty...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..t03.o

Malignsntnacplaamofproatate.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...185

Malignantrrecplasmofbladder..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...183

Malignant naqdaams of kidney and other and unspecified

urineryorgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,138

Msliinantnacpkwna cfbrainandotherand unepacifiadpartaof

nervouasyatem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...191.192

Hodgkin’sdisesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...201

MslignantlymphcmaotherthanHcdgkin’sdmeaee . . . . . . . ...200.202

Multiple myelomaand ofherimmunoproliferative rreoplasms . . . . ..,2o8

520,578

10,238

13,630

56,484

26,071

145,943

6,5&1

4,641

6,064

13,182

34,240

10,707

10,838

11,941

1$338

20,178

9,294

204.1

4.0

5.3

22.1

10.2

57.2

2.6

1.8

2.4

5.2

13.4

4.2

4.3

4.7

0.6

7.9

3.6

274,338

7,663

8,004

28,042

12,672

91,405

4,045

.,.

. . .

. . .

34,240

7,123

6,618

6,432

849

10,542

4,678

220.8

6.1

6.4

22,5

10.2

73.4

3.2

,..

. . .

. . .

27.5

5.7

5.3

5,2

0.8

6.5

3.8

245,740

2,566

5,626

28,452

13,388

64,638

2,523

4,641

8,064

13,182

. . .

3,634

4,318

5,508

680

9,637

4,615

186.2

2.0

4.3

21.6

10.3

41.8

1.9

3.6

4.6

10.1

. . .

2.7

3.3

4.2

0.5

7.4

3.5

464,531

8,186

10,827

49,715

22,519

128,719

6,423

3,433

5$98

11,947

28,430

9,768

9,801

11,132

1,486

18,608

7,641

213.5

3.8

5.1

23.3

10.6

60.5

3.0

1.6

2.4

5.8

13.4

4.8

4.7

5.2

0.7

8.7

3.6

233,488

6,163

6,385

24,767

10,980

79,728

3,972

. . .

. . .

. . .

28,430

6,583

5,832

6,0i4

347

9,673

3,365

228.6

5.9

6.1

23.7

10.5

76.4

3.8

. . .

. . .

. . .

27.2

6.3

5.7

5.6

O.a

9.3

3.7

218,032

2,033

4,442

24,848

11,539

48,881

2,461

3,433

5,088

11,847

. . .

3,173

3,919

5,116

619

8,835

3,776

66,047

2,043

2,803

6,779

3,552

17,224

145

1,203

868

1,235

5,810

941

1,035

809

173

1,571

1,653

Rate

188.0

1.9

4.1

23.0

10.6

45.1

2.3

3.2

4.7

11.0

. . .

2.9

3.6

4.7

0.6

6.2

3.5

156.7

4.8

6.6

16,1

8.4

40.9

0.3

2.9

2,3

2.9

13.8

2.2

2.5

1.9

0.4

3.7

3.9

36,339

1,480

1,619

3,275

1,682

11,677

73

. . .

. . .

. . .

5,610

530

838

418

102

668

614

180.4

7.4

8.0

16.3

8.4

58.0

0.4

.!.

. . .

. . .

28,8

2.6

3.2

2.1

0.5

4.3

4.0

28,708

563

1,164

3,504

1,860

5,547

72

1,203

86a

1,236

. . .

411

389

391

71

702

338

135.0

2.5

5.4

15.9

8.4

25.2

0.3

5.5

4.4

5.6

. . .

1.9

1.8

1.8

0,3

3.2

3.8

58,401

1,897

2,213

5,9!%

3,130

15,472

110

1,063

338

1,043

5,485

643

800

680

163

1,282

1,543

134,5

6.0

7.0

18.9

10.0

48.9

0.3

3.4

2.6

3.3

17.3

2.7

2.6

2.1

,0,5

4.1

4.9

32,155

1,373

1,273

2,664

1,603

10,530

53

. . .

. . .

. . .

5,465

469

539

351

92

704

755

214.4

9.2

8.5

19.0

10.0

70.2

0.4

. . .

. . .

. . .

3&6

3.1

3.6

2.3

0.6

4.7

5.0

26,248

524

940

3,142

1,677

4,942

57

1,068

839

1,043

. . .

379

361

328

71

578

786

157.6

3.1

5.6

18.9

10.1

28.7

0.3

6.4

5.3

6.3

. . .

2.3

2,2

2.0

0.4

3.5

4.7

%ldudeat@lesfr# sukaag@ssnctshcvm.
Table 13. Deaths and death rates by I(f-year age groups and age-adjusted death rates for Human Immunodeficiency virus infection, by

race and sex: United States, 1991-92

[Age-specific rates on an annual basis per 100,000 population in specified group; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes.

Human immunodeficienoy virus infecifion deaths are those assigned to category numbeffi Yf42-014, which were introduced in the United States in 1987; see Technioel

notes]

Age

AgeAll Under 1-4 5–14 15+4 25-84 3544 45-5’4 55-84 65-74 75-34 85 years a@taf

Yeec race, and sex ages i 1 year2 yeare yeare yeers yeare years years years years years end over rates

1992

All races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Numbc

14,203

12,544

1,659

9,189

8,577

612

5,014

3,967

1,047

4,900

3,866

1,034

w

5,575

5,104

471

3,906

3,677

1,%

1,427

242

1,624

1,365

239

33,566

29,325

4,241

21,921

20,161

1,760

11,645

9,164

2,481

11,376

8,925

2,453

100

47

53

27

14

13

73

33

40

73

33

40

91

44

47

21

12

9

70

32

36

70

32

36

2.5

2.3

2.7

0.9

●

*

8.7

7.7

9.6

11.5

10.3

12.7

2.3

2.1

2.4

0.7

*

*

7.7

6.9

8.5

i 0.3

9.3

11.4

161

66

73

60

32

26

101

66

1:

58

44

155

74

81

57

26

31

96

46

50

95

46

49

1.0

1.1

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.5

3.2

3.4

2.9

4.1

4.5

3.6

1.0

1.0

1.1

0.5

0.4

0.5

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.9

3.8

4.1

104

67

37

55

40

15

49

z

47

26

21

104

63

41

62

39

23

42

24

16

42

24

16

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

*

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.6

0.7

0.:

0.9

●

10,426

8,S65

1,481

8,764

6,161

623

3,642

2,604

636

3,556

2,724

632

519 88

68

25

65

50

15

23

13

10

23

13

10

14

6

8

11

5

6

3

1

2

3

1

2

10

7

3

8

6

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

●

*

*

. . .

. . .

. . .

. ..

431

32

286

lE

145

1;:

142

29

447

364

63

317

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

569 .. .

192 4s1

94

613

452

161

324

108

1,556

1,393

165

1,113

1,037

76

. . .

. ..

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.. .

1991

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,555

26,048

3,509

19,850

16,366

6,488

8,2CQ

1,279

6,315

5,763

532

3,173

2,426

747

3,080

2,342

736

12,259

11,054

1,205

6,249

7,765

464

4,010

3,289

721

3,907

3,195

712

Rate

35.6

63.5

6.2

27.5

51.2

3.7

77.7

131.6

30.5

104.1

176.7

41.0

4,726

4,316

410

3,310

3,134

176

1,416

1,164

234

1,378

1,147

231

92

56

34

68

40

28

24

18

6

21

17

4

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1992

All reces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1eal

Allraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61 62

130

109

21

125

104

21

2.8

5.3

0.9

2.1

3.9

0.6

6.8

17.4

2.7

11.0

22.1

3.2

2.4

4.5

0.8

1.9

3.5

0.7

6.7

13.5

1.9

8.1

16.5

2.3

1,464

9,705

7,660

2,025

9,437

7,440

1,997

13.2

23.6

3.2

10.3

19.3

1.6

27.8

45.5

1“1.3

35.9

59.5

14.7

11.7

21.2

2.7

iti

1.4

23.5

39.0

3Y3

60.4

12.2

445

189 366 .. .

. . .

. ..

. ..

. ..

12.6

22.3

3.2

9.8

16.1

1.6

27.3

46.3

lo.a

E

14.3

11.3

20.1

2.7

l%

1.3

23.5

40.0

9.1

z

12.0

100 es

282

163

92

2:

0.9

1.0

E

4.1

5.5

2.7

5.4

7.2

3.5

1.7

2.4

0.9

1.1

1.7

0.4

4.1

5.4

2.9

u

3.7

345

86

8.5

15.9

1.9

6.5

12.5

1.0

22.3

41.3

7.3

26.8

54.0

9.4

7.4

14.0

G

11.8

0.6

16.8

30.5

6.0

21.2

36.9

7.5

24.6

42.2

6.9

19.4

34.9

3.6

46.8

76.6

21.5

64.5

104.5

28.6

20.3

38.1

3.4

16.6

31.6

1.9

43.5

80.6

11.7

1%

15.6

0.8

1.6

0.4

0.7

1.4

●

2.3

*

*

2.9

*

*

22.1

36<3

6.0

17.8

32.3

3.0

42.8

63.6

19.2

55.8

So.o

25.3

31.2

56.9

6.1

24.9

46.9

2.9

64.9

114.3

21.9

66.5

152.7

29.4

18.4

34.4

3.1

15.0

26.8

1.6

39.1

70.9

11.9

51.8

95.2

15.9

0.9

1.5

0.5

0.7

1.1

0.5

2.5

*

*

2.7

*

*

I Flguree for age not stated included in “Afl sges” but not distributed among ags groups.

2~eafhm~e$undw fyew~s~sdmwpulsflon ~m~qd~wfr~m lnf~tm~~l~mteg -~n~~e~rfh~~ ~ee@JjeeEand24-28 forjnfantm~hy rates, and Technical notesforfurther

discussionofthe difference.

aFor method of samputation. see Technical notes.
Table 14. Deaths and death ratea for major causee of death for the United States, each division, and SW% and, by race and sex for the United states, 1892-Con,

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sexgroup andarea. Numbersaftercausesof deathare categorynumbersofthe Ninth Revision, hrternaflorrafC/aa#fioafion of Diseases, f9751

Malignant

neopleams, Chronic

Human including

immrmoobatructivenaoplasms of Diseases

deficiency

pulmonary Aooidents Motor

lymphatic and of heart Carabro- diseases and advarse vehicle

virus hematopoietic Diabetes

All

(3%98, vascular and allied

irrfeotion

accidents Suicide Homicide

tiaauffi mellitus diseases conditions ~yg (E810- (gE9 (::;

causes (W42-*044) (140-208) (250) 404-42’9) (430-438) (4EZPf96) E825)

Raoe, sex,

and area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

ZW

United States . . . . . . . 2,175,613

Male . . . . . . . . . . . 1,122,336

Female. . . . . . . . . . 1,053,277

Whil e . . . . . . . . . . . 1,873,781

852.9

801.6

806.5

880.0

917.2

644.3

716.0

621.1

619.9

850.5

977.5

736.2

879.8

802.5

766.3

S39.4

899.1

945.6

681.8

951.1

33,566

29,325

4,241

13.2

23.6

3.2

520,578

274,838

245,740

204.1

220.8

188.2

50,0s7

21,872

28,395

19.6

17.4

21.7

717,706

357,545

360,161

281.4

287.2

275,8

143,769

56,645

87,124

56.4

45.5

66.7

91,938 36.0

50,465 40.5

41,473 31.8

66,777

57,862

28,915

34.0

46.5

22.1

40,982 16.1

27,982 22.5

13,000 10.0

34,439 18.2

23,415 22.4

11,024 10.2

8,543 t 5.5

4,567 22.7

1,976 9.0

5,071 16.0

3,607 24.0

1,464 6.6

1,398 10.6

212 17.1

115 10.3

84 74.7

562 9.4

93 9.3

332 10.1

4,486 11.8

2,017 11.1

832 10.6

1,887 13.6

6,055 14.2

1,471 13.3

954 16.9

30,484

24,457

6,027

12.0

19.6

4.6

25,488 10.0 =

20,115 16.2 ~

5,373 4.1 =

u

297.5

302.4

292.9

188.6

208.6

191.5

238.8

246.9

231.6

265.8

280.0

240.7

277.4

284.6

323.0

284.6

345.7

354.0

304.5

380.2

295.3

308.7

295.2

288.8

28!5.1

:86!:5.

301.7

124,371

48,073

76,298

19,398

8,572

10,826

17,044

7,421

9,623

7,262

746

557

268

3,332

586

1,753

19,892

8,323

3,876

7,691

24,882

6,109

3,570

6.779

56.4

48.1

70.3

46.0

42.6

49.2

53.8

49.5

57.6

55.0

60.3

50.0

50.4

55.6

58.5

53.5

52.5

46.0

49.6

64,1

56.2

55,4

63.1

58.4 *<$

:.*$:::

86.5

12,468 5,9 5

9,456 9.1 ~

%l; 3E 2

10,659 52.9 q

2,361 10.7 ~

12,318 38,9 ~

10,131 67.5 0

2,187 13.1 ~

511 3.9 ;

30 2.4 Z

21,921

20,161

1,760

11,645

9,164

2,461

11,378

8,925

2,453

10.3

19.3

2;:

45.5

11.3

35.9

59.5

14.7

9.7

4.0

2.9

*

11.7

1::

24.8

35.9

24.6

8.3

6.5

5.6

4.7

9.6

.%

454,531

238.488

213.5

228.8

198.0

156.7

180.4

135.0

1s4.5

214.4

157.6

228.0

237.8

204.7

204.1

238.7

251.4

217.5

228.9

213.3

228.5

252.7

212.1

220.7

212.6

212.0

X+4,8

21%>8

212.0

191.3

229.5

227.5

216.0

222.0

202.4

200.1

216.3

223.5

202.4

260.9

187.8

255.1

204.0

40,442

17,951

2!3491

9,625

3,721

5,904

8.853

19.0

17.2

20.7

22.8

18.5

26.8

27.3

21.6

32.3

20.1

25.9

21.5

21.9

19.9

22.8

18.4

21.7

16.4

26.9

26.2

22.7

26.3

22.2

20.6

22.$

$?!!4!

19.3

17.4

16.1

20.8

22.6

23.2

16.6

20.5

20,5

30.0

22,5

28.6

15.1

30.1

20.9

633,467

315,463

318,004

64,219

42,062

42,157

75,800

37,040

38,560

85,231 40.0

46,355 44.4

36,676 35.8

6,707 15.9

4,110 20.4

2,597 11.8

5,857 16.5

3,569 23.8

2,288 13.7

72,392

47,879

24,513

14,385

9,963

4,402

11,620

8,238

3,582

34.0

45.9

22.6

34.1

49.6

20.0

37.3

54.9

21.5

24.6

32.8

22.8

28.8

21.6

22.7

27.3

28.0

26.8

25.8

34.3

31.1

30.5

34.1

30.2

27,611

22,126

5,486

2,673

2,331

.542

2,143

1,803

340

13,0

21,2

::

11.8

2.5

in

2,0

9.7

12.7

12.3

14.0

8.9

:7

9.1

8.5

6.6

11.6

11.0

10.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . .

Atlother . . . . . . . . . . .

Mate . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . .

Black. . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . .

Female. . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . .

Maine. . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. ., . .

Rhode Island. . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . .

MiddleAtlantic. . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . . .

East North Central ... .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . .

~&Mgm., .//>./>

!!&W?@3.. ..... . . . .

West North Central. . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . .

Miwwri . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota. . . . . .

South Dakota. . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . .

Kansas. . . . . . . . . .

SouthAtlantic. . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . .

Maryland. . . . . . . . .

Oistrict of Columbia. .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia. . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . .

956;957

916,824

301,832

185,379

136,453

269,219

146,630

122,569

116,100

11,158

8,545

4,788

53,878

9,469

28,254

380.721

216;032

66,047

36,339

29,708

56,401

32,155

26,246

~271

5,882

1,285

49

32

18

702

81

403

9,415

6,495

1,928

994

2,784

615

264

1,113

“,;;

840

170

58

415

7

7

lx

7,312

65

762

512

586

6;;

30,221

2,940

2,263

1,166

14,182

2,517

7,133

86,799

38,624

17,867

30,308

90,591

24,320

12,026

24,621

W3S?

19+$$%

37,998

8,547

6,433

11,810

1,363

1,573

3,239

2,646

320

240

125

1,195

228

538

8,215

2,967

2,103

3,145

9,714

2,900

1,255

2,392

812$.

:%,,

’776

508

1,081

143

i84

266

515

9,268

207

37,692

3,482

2,664

1,585

17,088

3,234

9,659

131,124

84,110

23,809

43,205

128,139

34,023

18.706

4,965 37.6

626 50.8

407 36.5

242 42.4

2,151 35.9

377 37.6

1,180 35,4

13,041 84.4

5,843 32.3

2,421 31.0

4,777 39.8

15,231 35.7

4,373 39.7

2,269 40.1

3j896 33.3

:?,+2436: *?

. *,*:,@@

7,042 39.3

1,498 33.5

1,172 41.6

2,220 42.8

234 36.9

301 42.5

667 41.7

950 37.8

17,219 38.2

248 35.9

1,448 29.4

165 28.2

2,057 32.2

982 54.3

2,402 35.1

3,247

405

254

170

1,288

227

895

10,989

4,854

2,021

4,114

13,272

3,357

1.932

1,279

157

137

4:

2;

3,484

1,532

513

1,389

4,685

1,1s4

22

20

227

l=

3,622

2,438

402

782

3,814

2.0 ●

3.5 <

3,8 =

3.2

5.5 “8

9.6 z

13,5 0

5.1 ;

6.5 -

8.9 &

188;338 918.5

70,886 806.2

123,520 1,028.7

372,523 672.0

88,120 699.3

49,984 663.0

102,116 679.3

?QJx% 8+%6

$%.&f?” #&*

161,641 603:1’

35,037 784.1

28,593 946.8

50,988 982.3

5,697 896.5

6,697 945.4

14,644 915.0

22,165 S82,0

408,989 695.9

5,941 859.9

S6,691 790.9

7,110 1,214.9

49,383 772.0

19,720 1,080.2

59,611 672.0

876 6.1 ●

34;48!3

.;; %,@$.

“....lfj~

54,07i”

3.8 10,250

2.1

8.0

*

*

3.4

5.1

16.2

9.4

15.5

87.5

9.2

2.1

10.0

228.4

327.5

341.9

30Q.O

323.6

328.6

295.1

289.3

266.9

241.6

314.1

242.4

382.9

277.8

63.7

72.5

86.5

75.9

67.9

64.3

84.6

59.3

46.9

42.8

57.4

53,0

60.3

66.9

1,487

1,020

2,134

232

304

559

871

16,274

247

1,286

165

1,939

845

2,717

513 11.5

287 10.2

628 12.1

65 10.3

79 11.2

168 11.7

311 12.4

5,798 12.9

88 12.7

461 9.4

34 5.8

812 12.7

240 13.3

860 f2.6

9,179

17,747

1,902

2,284

5,276

7,423

130,439

1,844

11,878

1,838

15,500

6,927

18,S90

2;033

3,451

461

461

1,029

1,826

26,745

324

2,106

338

3,390

1,091

4,576

38,4

41.1

86.6

42.9

34.9

34.6

36.1

35.8

26.2

31.8

30.3

46.7

39.7

470 16.8

1,002 19.3

88 15.1

151 21.3

287 16.7

425 16.9

8,053 17.9

132 19.1

834 12.9

59 10.1

872 13.6

426 23.6

1,314 19.2

52

567

12

19

61

156

5,242

37

647

389

131

816

5,033

97,550

1,544

9,951

1,527

12,008

4,614

i3,944

1,106

173

983 8,9

lR

545

1,428

See footnotes at end of table. Corrected data appear in shaded area, I
Table 14. Deatha and death ratea for major oauses of death for the United States, each division, and Statq and, by race and sex for the United States, lW2-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 population in each race-sex group and area. Numbets afler causes of death are category numbers of the Ninth Revision, IrrfernatiorraiClassification of Diseaaes, f975J

Malignant

neoplasms, Chronic

Human includirg obstructive

immurro- neoplesmsof Diseases

deficiency

pulmonary Accidents Motor

Iymphat(c and of heart Cerebro- diseases and adverse vehicle

virus henrafopdetic Diabetes

All

(3LW398, vascular

ifdeofion

and allied ef7eofs accidents Suicide Homicide

tissues me//itus diseases conditions

(W2-*044)

f’E8E8 (g;; (E950- (E960-

Ceuses (140-206) (250) 4($?29) (4XW38) (490496) E959) E978)

Race, sex,

end area Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

South Carolina. . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central. . . .

Kentucky. . . . . . . . .

Tennessee. . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi. . . . . . . .

West South Central . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . .

New Maxim . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . .

Utah. . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington. . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . .

Celiiomia . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . .

30,6S6

52,992

139,723

146,220

35,033

46,576

39,352

25,259

222,216

24,958

37,642

30,510

129,108

102,963

7,066

7,877

3,298

22,440

11,176

31,055

9,772

10,277

289,040

38,162

25,760

215,847

2,303

6,968

6s0.4 390 10.8

782.4 1,162 17.2

i ,036.3 3,111 23.1

a41.4 790 5.1

933.3 130 3.5

926.6 279 5.6

951.1 224 5.4

a65.9 157 6.0

806.3 3,255 11.8

1,042.3 90 3.8

879.7 574 13.4

951.9 193 6.0

730.1 2,398 13.6

716.0 1,071 7.4

859.5 18 “

739.0 32 3.0

709.7 13 ●

647.7 373 10.8

706.5 102 6.4

810.3 340 8.9

539.5 59 3.3

769.0 134 10.0

709.2 6,834 16.8

742.1 447 8.7

666.9 227 7.6

698.6 6,029 19.5

39i.8 20 3.4

602.9 111 9.6

6,392

11,797

35,173

33,925

8,549

10,773

9,043

5,560

51,579

5,647

6,657

6,773

30,102

23,783

1,707

1,802

747

4,954

2,490

7,444

1,881

2,678

68,132

9,462

6,314

“518

1,755

194.1

174.2

280.9

218.4

227.7

214.4

218.6

212.6

167.1

244.2

207.0

211.3

170.2

165.4

207.6

169.1

160.7

143.0

157.4

194.2

108.3

200.4

167.2

184.0

212.5

182.1

68.1

151.9

781

964

3,078

3,146

817

1,002

852

475

6,052

514

1,193

574

3,771

2,416

160

180

6a

437

370

659

359

173

5,184

811

561

3,574

47

171

21.7

14.5

22.8

20.3

21.8

19.9

20.6

18.2

22.0

21.5

27.9

17.9

21,3

16.8

19.5

17.8

14.6

12.6

23.4

17.2

19.8

12.9

12.7

15.8

18.9

11.6

8.0

14.8

9,654

16,4S3

47,325

48,819

11,778

15,015

12,898

9,130

71,756

8,237

12,155

10,88S

40,495

29,436

1,907

2,325

902

6,169

2,966

9,315

2,750

3,102

88,230

11,163

7,266

67,105

518

2,138

288.0

243.4

351.0

314.3

313.8

228.6

311.7

349.1

280.4

344.0

284.1

3s9.1

229.0

204.7

231.9

218.1

194.1

176.i

187.5

24s.1

151.8

232.1

216.5

217.5

245.3

217.2

M.i

164.8

2,494

3,6S4

8,744

10,495

2,312

3,698

2,756

1,726

15,293

2,023

2,418

2,163

8,688

6,426

497

630

243

1,430

602

1,824

701

499

20,852

2,918

2,102

15,167

108

557

69.2

54.4

64.9

67.6

61.6

73.6

88.6

66.1

55.5

84.5

56.5

67.2

49.2

44.7

80.4

59.1

52.3

41.3

38.1

47.6

38.7

37.3

51.2

56.7

70.7

49.1

18.4

48.2

1,259

2,112

6,546

5,954

1,697

1,922

1,456

879

8,968

940

1,268

1,377

5,363

5,816

456

428

230

1,414

535

1,696

420

636

13,702

2,088

1,255

10,081

1:

34.9 1,549

31.2 2,634

48.6 4,872

38.3 7,468

45.2 1,660

38.2 2,208

35.2 2,085

33.6 1,5s5

32.5 10,287

39.3 1,141

29.6 1,775

43.0 1,266

30.4 6,105

40.4 5,678

55.5 407

40.2 476

49.5 237

40.8 1,146

33.6 823

44.3 1,622

23.2 555

47,6 412

33.6 12,955

40.6 1,718

42.2 1,066

32.6 9,4a8

15.1 368

16.4 293

43.0

38.9

36.1

48.1

44.2

43.9

49.9

::;

47.7

41.5

39.5

34.5

39.5

49.5

44.7

51.0

33.1

52.0

42.3

30.6

30.8

31.8

33.4

36.6

30.7

60.9

25.4

798

1,368

2,452

3,939

822

1,203

1,085

629

5,350

603

896

653

3,198

2,780

180

2S6

134

557

404

728

271

212

5,86S

722

446

4,461

Ioe

125

222.1 465

20.2 811

18.2 2,027

25.4 1,999

21.9 493

23.s 650

26.2 523

31.7 333

19.4 3,552

25.2 293

20.9 529

20.4 472

18.1 2,258

19.4 2,544

21.9 153

22.1 186

28.8 84

16.1 596

25.5 303

20.8 653

15.0 256

15.9 329

14.4 5,124

14.0 694

15.0 488

14.4 3,723

18.5 W

10.8 129

12.9 438

12.0 835

15.0 1,381

12.9 1,785

13.1 212

12.9 570

12.6 546

12.7 457

12.9 3,706

12.2 304

12.4 791

14.7 252

12.8 2,359

17.7 1,059

18.6 39

15.6 42

18.1 21

17.3 218

19.2 162

17.0 368

14.1

24.6 1~8

12.6 4,738

13.5 301

16.4 160

12.1 4,194

15.3 41

11.2 42

12.2 g

12.3 z

10.2 s

11.5 ?

5.6 ~

11.3 S

13.2 -

17.5 ~

13.4 Al

12.7 ~

16.5 =

7.9 $

13.3 ~

7.4 to

4.7 ~

3.9 ~

4.5 g

6.3 <

10.2 =

9.6

2.8 “j

11.8

11.6 ~

5.9 “

5.4 2

13.6 ~

7.0 ●

3.6 ~

— . .

NOTE Oautbn should be used in mmpedngcmds dsath rstss by State. Oeath rates are affssted by the populslfon companion of ihs ares. A

n

s

“R

G

w

Cn
Monthly Vital Statistics Repott ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~53

Table 15. Desths by age according to specifiad Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic origin, and aex Totsl of 46 States and the District

of Columbia, 1992

[For a listing of States, see Taohnisal notes]

Hispanic origin, race for Under 1-4 5-t4 15-24 25-34 3544 45-64 55-64 65-74 7S34 85 yeals Not

non-Hispanic origin, and sex Total 1 year years years years years years years ymrs years years and OVW Stated

452

342

110

77

73

4

61

56

3

i

3

1

:

Ii

10

198

129

12

76

39

79

60

23

177

140

37

Ab&na..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136,553 34,117 6,661 8,061

1,102,513 19,260 3,753 4,938

Fecal;:::::::::::::::::: 1,034,045 14,667 2,806 3,073

33,883

25,818

8,181

57,666

42,307

15,359

89,941

62,066

27,853

122,305

77,958

44,347

236,625

144,215

82,410

469,370

269,214

200,156

536,607

284,491

304,316

477,954

158,079

3t9,a75

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Puerto Risen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central and South American . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otha)th:andunknown tiispanio. . . . .

Fem;l;:::::::::::::::: ::

82,395

49,434

32,961

44,433

26,971

17,512

10,481

6,452

4,023

8,103

%%

6,060

3,524

2,556

13,242

7,924

5,318

4,376

2,420

1,956

2,925

1,621

1,304

466

237

71

:

325

162

163

563

356

238

908

508

388

612

341

271

105

57

46

15

9

4

31

1%

71

47

4,700

3,876

824

3,205

2,686

519

402

317

65

E

2

376

G

442

126

26,330

21,660

7,270

19,024

13,632

5,182

a,734

7,011

1,773

363

282

87

6,855

5,556

1,399

3,637

2,887

640

1,164

651

313

272

232

40

661

707

174

1,001

769

232

49,767

36,057

13,710

33,373

24,634

8,739

14,833

10,431

4,502

7,563

5,743

1,615

3,563

2,677

888

1,576

1,224

352

402

337

65

788

560

219

1,218

E

80,74i

55,140

25,601

56,274

39,137

17,137

22,434

14,772

7,722

7,049

4,736

2,313

3,492

2,285

1,207

1,317

910

407

529

375

154

406

1,E

760

313

113,308

71,870

42,038

66,685

55,206

31,663

24,266

15,023

9,258

10,354

6,303

4,051

5,651

3,395

2,2%

1,436

860

556

1,022

669

333

714

328

1,531

577

14,436

8,267

6,169

7,865

4,543

3,422

1,634

955

679

1,718

1,035

633

819

358

2,%

1,326

974

14,386

7,127

7,271

7,319

3,726

3,5S-3

1,462

672

2,287

1,133

1,149

787

306

461

2,543

1,2s5

1,256

10,541

4,259

6,362

5,454

2,265

3,169

815

268

527

1,701

1,%

510

158

352

2,161

345

1,216

376

242

104

61

43

22

15

2

51

1%

81

49

Non-Hispanicl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026,880 26,921 5,659 7,056

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038,336 16,368 3,186 4,330

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868,564 12,552 2,473 2,666

While..................;. 1,734,220 16,888 3,671 4,800

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678,144 9,755 2,115 3,032

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.076 7,241 1.556 1,866

223,257

185,836

87,263

181,42U

111,653

69,567

37,476

21,644

15,332

449,474

257,803

191,671

368,221

224,289

163,932

54,787

29,787

25,010

577,475

263,912

283,5S3

519,071

265,773

263,236

51,626

24,401

27,425

461,464

151,622

308,672

424,260

138,442

285,818

32,876

11,322

21,554

Male. . .

Female .

Black. . .

Male. . .

Female .

Notstatsd2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262;047 10;803 1:747 1;844

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,575 6,036 942 1,150

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,472 4,S67 605 684

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,273 620 64 62 644

250

1,642

1,205

437

1,648

1,852

3,014

1,924

1,030

6,834

3,452

3,462

5,619

1,888

3,621

Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,743 471 33

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,530 349 :28

llwltimr~o~ thanwhlteandbk)ck.

‘Includesdeathsthet ommedinStates thetdidnotrepixt Hkpanlcorigincm thedesthcdfkste.
54~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 16. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of death for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for specified age groups: Totai of 4S

reporting States and the District of Columbia, 1S92

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Tschnicsl notes. For a listing of States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number

. ..

1

2

3

. . .

. . .

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

All ages 1

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Malignant neoplasms, including

naoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E60C-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42–’W4

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E960-E978

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...2541

Chronic Iiier disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Pneumonia end influenza . . . . . . . . . ...460-487

Certain condtions originating in the

perinatel pencd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-779

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

1-14 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8rXLE949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81 O-E625

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E307,E826-E949

Malignant neoplasma, including

nwplssms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-758

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E980-E976

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42–W4

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-429

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . .4S0-467

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Benign naoplasms, ssrcinoma in situ,

and neoplasms of uncertain behavior

and of unspecified nature. . . . . . . . . . .210-239

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . ...430-436

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

15-24 years

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E960-E978

Accidents and adverse

affaots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8OO-E946

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E610-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E828-E949

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Malignant neoplasms, including

neoplaems of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tiaeues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-204

Human immunodeficiency virus

infaotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. W42–W4

Diseases of heart. , . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-428

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Cerebrovascular diseasaa. . . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . ...460-487

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth,

andthepuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-676

Another csuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rssidual

See footnotes at end of table.

62,395

19,829

15,215

6,969

3,657

3,112

4,474

4,338

4,106

3,044

2,450

2,415

1,870

17,865

1,Sal

649

352

287

213

192

155

50

48

45

28

23

17

17

414

4,700

1,732

1,624

1,210

414

425

216

91

63

44

27

24

20

414

White non-Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order C\aseir7cationof Diseases, 1975) Number

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

All ages’

Allceusaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ...390-398.402.404429

Malignant nsoplasms, including

naoplaams of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Cerebrovaacular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . .430+36

Chronic obstructive pulmonaty diseases

andallied condtions . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490486

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affesta . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Pneumonia andinfiuenza . . . . . . . . . . . .460-467

Diabataa melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Chronic tiier disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*M2-W44

Another oauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Raaidual

1-14 yeara

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ascidenfs and adverse

effete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E600-E949

Moforvehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E610-E826

All othera acoidents and adverse

effaota . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E849

Malignant naoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoiatic tissuaa. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E860-E978

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-39s,402,4044?9

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Pneumonia andinfluenze . . . . . . . . . . . .460-4S7

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ,

and naoplaems of uncertain behavior

and of unspecified nature. . . . , . . . . . . .210-239

Certain condtions originating in the

pennstal pariod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760-779

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . . . .43WK36

Aliother osusaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

15-24 yeara

All causea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aocidenta and adverse

affacta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E8O0-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other aocidente and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-EB07,E828-E849

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E950-E959

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E980-E978

Matignant naoplasms, including

naoplsams of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-396,402,404-W

Congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*042-*044

Pneumonia andinfiuenzs . . . . . . . . . . . .480+87

Cerebrovascular disasees. . . . . . . . . . ..430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andallied oonddions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-498

Another csuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residuel

1,734,220

592,283

426,022

116,920

61,126

68,165

28,605

33,580

62,799

85,3s0

25, i42

18,240

16,721

295,422

8,571

3,548

1,701

1,645

1,036

74s

364

303

241

147

108

75

70

1,935

19,024

9,526

7,374

2,154

3,396

1,412

1,1s6

52s

315

183

134

117

80

2,115
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 55

Table 16. Deaths for the 10 leading causes of desth for Hispanic and white non-Hispanic origin, for spaoiffed sge group= Total of 4S

reporting States and the Distriot of Columbia, 19S2--Con.

~or explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Twhnical notes. For a listing of States, see Technical notes]

Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, International

order Classification of Diseases, 1975) Number

.. .

f

2

. . .

. . .

3

4

5

6

7

:

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

7

8

1:

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

:

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

25+4 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. W42-W44

Accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E600-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E807,E826-E949

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E88WE978

Malignant neoplaams, including

neoplaems of lymphatic and

hematopeiefic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-208

Diseases of heart. . . . . . ...390-398.402.404426

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E950-E959

Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . .430-438

Pneumonia and inffuenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diabetes meliitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

All other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

45-64 yeare

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ma~gnant neoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Diseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390=388,402,404-426

Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E600-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All ofher accidents and adverse

dfack . . . . . . . . . . . . .E300-E807,E826-E849

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W44

Diabates mellifus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Cerebmvascular diseases . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Homiade and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E960-E978

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E950-E952

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...430-487

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

65 yeara and over

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dseases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-42S

MaHgnantneoplasms, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14&206

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . .48LW187

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

endellied renditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490-498

Accidents and adverse

effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E61O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E3J37,E326-E349

Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

andnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-589

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44o

Another causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

14,513

3$54

2,651

1,507

1,344

2,025

1,410

854

747

552

288

175

142

2,115

17,403

4,740

4,325

1,169

866

492

474

911

389

347

315

28a

277

2,676

39,475

14,430

8,618

2,906

2,003

1,817

1,377

727

252

475

720

513

5,866

Ilnchdesdw&utiWf yeerofsgs.

White non-Hispanic

Cause of death and age

Rank (Ninth Revision, lntemational

order Claasir%ationof DLsesses, 1975) Number

. ..

1

. . .

. . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

. . .

. . .

5

6

:

9

10

. . .

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

. . .

. . .

8

9

10

. . .

25-44 yeare

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accidents and adverse

affects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E8OO-E949

Motor vehicle accidenta . . . . . . . . . .E810-E825

All other accidents and adverse

awcte.... . . . . . . . .E600-E807,E826-E949

Malignant naoplasms, including

naoplaems of lymphatic and

hematopoietic tissues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Human immunodeficiency virus

infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W2–*044

Dieaases of heart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-428

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E95O-E959

Homicide and legal

intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E66&E976

Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Cerebrovascular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Diabetes mellii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480467

Another csuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

45-64 yeara

Allcausas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplaems, including

neoplasms of lymphatic and

hernatopoietic tieeues. . . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Diseaseeofheart. . . . . . . . .390-398,402,404-429

Chronic obstructive pulmona~ diseases

andaliiad condtions . . . . . . . . . . . . ...480-496

Accidents and edverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E60U-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E607,E326-E949

Cerebrovaecular diseases. . . . . . . . . ...430433

Chronic Iiier disease and

cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Diabetes melliis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E85O-E959

Human immunodeficiancy virus

infWton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42-W4

Pneumonia andinffuenza . . . . . . . . . ...430-487

Another causee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reeidual

85 yaare and over

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diaaaseeofheart. . . . . . . . .380-3e8,402,40442s

Malignant neopleems, including

rwplaems of lymphatic and

hematcpoWict ieeues. . . . . . . . . . . ...140-206

Carebrovascular disaeaes. . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

andallied conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-496

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . ...480-487

Diebefes melliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800-E849

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . .E81O-E825

All other accidents and adverse

effects . . . . . . . . . . . .E300-E307,E626-E949

Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome,

andnephrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..530-5S9

Atherosclerosi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...0-36

Another causee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Residual

17,372

9,770

7,602

15,567

12,116

10,124

9,721

3,835

2,621

1,785

1,483

1,023

14,220

263,315

102,671

76,802

10,266

9,874

4,766

5,106

9,204

7,061

6,421

6,205

3,930

3,473

32,333

1,331,552

504,2e8

305,276

105,881

70,123

57,756

26,360

22,440

5,915

16,525

14,744

13,932

12,529

188,393
56 ~ Monthly Wtal Statl@ls RepoRo Vol. a, No.6(S) oMarch22, lW5 ~

Table 17. Deetlw from injury by Ilroarnw by age, race, and sex United State& 1SS2

Cause of death (Ninih R&e/on,

krtematlonal Class#icationof Diseases, 1975), All Under 1-14 15-24 25-34 35+4 45-S4 55-64 65-74 75-64 85 yaara Age not

ram, 1and aax ages 1year years years years years years years years years and over stated

Injury by firearms (E922,ES55.&E965.4,

E865.0-E965.4,ES70, E965.0-E985.4):

Nlraces, bdhsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, botheexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aoolderrtsawed by flmarm mleeile (E922):

Allraoee, bothsexea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie, bothsexee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sulclde by firearms(E955.0-Es55.4):

Allraces, bothsexae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whtie, botheexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Black, bothsexee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Homicideandlegal intervention

byfirearme (E865.O-E266.4, E970):

Allracea, bothsexae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whte, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slack, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Injurybyfkaarms,u ndeterrninad whetharaccldentally

orpurposely inflicted (E965.O-E965.4):

All racas, bothaexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Slack, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22;208

3,912

10,906

9,5s1

1,325

1,408

1,238

t71

1,071

636

135

267

33

18,169

15,S02

2,367

16,308

14,406

2,19e

1,281

1,145

136

406

343

3%

254

55

90

81

9

12

8

4

6

5

:

3

3

;

1

1

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

11

7

4

5

4

1

6

3

3

888

684

219

403

w

234

63

215

176

38

%

30

80

51

9

175

137

%

115

35

20

18

2

473

335

138

160

62

156

71

20

16

1?

6

3

8

7

1

10,508

9,407

1,088

5,489

4,380

4,%

4,316

410

519

476

&

324

30

149

137

12

3,073

2,756

317

2,559

2,266

271

404

370

34

6,763

6,054

728

2,488

2,143

350

4,128

3,766

381

132

121

11

88

75

2

43

3

9,058

7,733

1,323

5,608

4,763

3,%

2,824

449

6,289

5,166

1,071

4,596

3,776

820

1,507

1,263

224

3,644

2,837

3,Z

2,463

562

547

477

70

257 156

226 136 z

12

2: 1:

177 118 ::

25 13 12

45 20 11

3S 16 11

6 4-

3,858

2,s04

454

2,953

2,547

411

?2

38

5,322

4,507

28%

1,s62

395

2,670

2,484

408

3,079

2,666

491

2,621

2,357

464

207

167

20

2,923

2,865

1,?2

1,258

324

1,265

1,069

196

2,289

1,s02

387

2,159

1,793

388

100

85

15

1,247

1,Qo2

245

770

5s8

161

380

65

112 81 16

96 57 13

24

;! 64 1;

77 45 12

19 3

;$ 15

16 11 :

1 4-

2,620

2,214

406

2,341

1,9s0

361

257

216

41

74

61

:

55

12

7

6

1

1,260

1,684

276

1,674

1,609

265

G

11

588

452

116

365

302

&

141

29

18

17

11

14

i

;

2,505

2,151

2,X

2,0Q2

324

165

137

28

50

44

6

$

6

5

5

2,186

1,807

25fl

2,066

1,840

246

69

56

11

271

185

1%

102

%

74

17

16

15

3

;:

3

1,816

1,622

187

1,731

1,557

174

z

12

31

23

4

22

;

:

1,843

1,524

119

1,587

1,472

115

49

45

4

133

;;

106

57

49

26

19

7

9

6

3

:

3

463

E

410

34

21

16

3

12

11

1:

10

;

1

424

398

26

408

23

!4

11

3

30

19

11

24

13

11

6

6

2

2

;

2

lAII ,Wg MKISS rsces otharthan whitsandbkk.
Monthly Vital statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 57

Table18.Age-specificandage-adjusteddeathratesfor injuryby firearms,by age,race,andsex:UnitedStates,1892

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, AgeInternational Claaaifioation of Diseasaa, 1975), Ail Under 1-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-64 55-64 85-74 75-84 85 yasra a$:;ti

race, 1and sax ages 2 1 year3 years years years years years years yeara years and over

Injury by firearms (E922,E955.0-E955 .4,

E9S5.0-E965.4,E970, E985.0-E885.4):

Allraces, both sexed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1

White, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6

Black, bothsexe3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0

Aooident caused by firearm mieeile (E922):

All raceq bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1

White, both3exe.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1

Btack, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2

Suicide by firearms (E955.O-E955.4):

AJlraces, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8

White, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0

Black, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6

Homicideandlegal intervention

by firearms (E965.O-E865.4, E970):

All raoe3, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.o

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1

Whi$ekthsexee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8

6.3

Femaie”~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ll 11111111:11:: 1.4

Black, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9

Injury by firearms, undetermined whether accidentally or

purposely inflicted (E955.C-E965.4):

All races, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0

White, boths6xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1

Black, bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ●

*

●

☛

●

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

☛

●

●

☛

☛

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

✎ ✎ ✎

☛

☛

●

☛

●

☛

☛

☛

●

☛

●

●

●

●

☛

●

☛

☛

1.7

2.5

0.9

;::

0.6

3.9

5.8

2.1

0.4

U

0.4

0.6

0.1

0.7

1.3

●

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

●

*

0.9

1.3

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.3

:

1.8

0.0

*

*

*

*

●

●

●

*

29.1

50.9

l%

32.4

4.7

88.6

162.3

15.3

1.4

H

1.2

2.2

0.2

::

*

8.5

14.9

?8

15.3

1.9

7.6

13.9

1.3

18.8

32.8

4.1

8.6

14.4

2.5

77.4

141.6

13.5

0.4

0.7

0.;

0.5

0.;

1.6

●

21.3 15.6

38.4 26.1

I&f 1:?

27.0 22.6

4.9 4.9

59.4 32.0

108.3 58.6

15.4 6.9

0.6 0.4

1.1 0.7

0.1 *

0.6 0.4

1.0 0.7

0.1

0.8 0.;

1.5 *

**

1:? Iz

2.1 2.4

lZ 13

2.4 2.8

6.2 4.4

11.7 8.5

1.2 0.8

12.6

21.2 1:;

3.9 2.7

6.7 4.7

If.1 7.5

5:: 2

94.5 46.8

14.0 7.8

0.3 0.2

0.5 0.3

0.1

0.; 0.2

0.4 0.3

**

**

**

● *

13.3

22.4

4.6

12.8

21.2

1:

37.6

4.6

0.3

0.6

0.;

0.6

●

●

*

●

1::

2.8

9.2

i 5.4

3.1

3.6

6.7

●

4.5

7.5

E

5.1

1.5

15.5

30.0

3.6

●

*

*

*

●

*

●

●

*

12.5

22.3

3.7

12.8

22.7

1::

24.3

3.6

0.4

0.6

0.:

0.6

●

*

●

●

IE

1:::

18.4

2.8

3.8

7.4

*

::

FI

3.5

0.9

1:;

2.5

*

*

*

*

●

●

●

*

●

13.6

26.5

3.4

14.1

27.5

1~6

21.3

3.1

0.3

0.5

0.;

0.5

●

*

*

● ,

11.7

23.5

2.5

12.7

25.2

2.7

4.4

9.0*

;;

0.8

1.1

1.5

0.7

5.8

11.5

*

●

*

*

*

*

●

*

●

*

17.2

40.6

lE

42.8

2.9

%

*

14.4

47.3

1:::

49.9

1.6

8.9

●

●

14.9

25.9

4.1

11.6

20.4

3:;

64.5

8.0

0.6

::;

0.6

15.6 13.0

36.0 43.8 1::

1.7

1~6 1;; 7.i

40.4 46.9 12.5

1.9 1.1 1.9

6.1 * 4.1

15.7 ● 7.8 . .. ............,,.:

* LJ,,;.:,:..y..,

..., ,, ,,.,,, 0.8

1.3

1.9

0.9

1.1

U

3.3

●

*

*:

*:

*

● :

*;

*“

*

*

*

0.9

* 1::

* 2.2

0.8 4.1

* 6.6

● 1.5

*

* R

* 7.0

.,*

0.2

& 0.3

*’ 0.0 *,

0.2

*, 0.2

* 0.1

* 0.3

* 0.5

* *

flncitiesracesotir thsnwtmemtlmk.

2Fi@raeforag-snot statedareincluded in’’Allagae”butare notdistributedammg ~groups.

%aathmtesundef lyeer(basadcmpopuletion estimetee)differfrom Infentmorteliiretee @aadcfl!hebirthSfi SSStableSEend 2+28forinfentmorW M@s~T~i -s

dlewseicmofthedifferance.

4FM ~t~ ~ Mpotetion, see Technical ~tes.

Corrected data appear in shaded areas.

I

for
58 ~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 19. Deaths and age-adjusted death ratee for injury by firearms, by race and sex United 8tates, 197S-92

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population; see Technical notes. For listing of injury by firearms, see Technioal notes]

All other

All races White Total Black

Both Both Both

Year

Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1890 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,776

38,317

37,155

34,778

33,989

32,895

33,373

31,566

31,331

31,099

32,957

34,050

33,760

33,019

14.9

15.2

14.6

13.7

13.4

13.0

13.3

12.7

12.6

12.9

13.9

14.6

14.8

14.6

32,425

32,882

31,736

29,586

28,874

27,569

28,064

26,362

26,226

25,945

27,517

28,343

26,322

27,476

25.9

28.4

25.4

23.7

23.0

22.3

22.9

21.8

22.0

22.1

23.8

24.9

25.3

24.9

5,351

5,435

5,419

5,180

5,315

5,326

5,289

5,164

5,102

5,154

5,440

5,707

5,456

5,543

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.6

4.9

4.8

4.9

26,120

26,455

26,299

25,023

24,892

24,789

25,339

24,507

24,419

24,038

25,071

25,237

24,849

24,234

11.8

12.0

11.9

11.4

11.3

11.3

11.7

11.4

11.6

11.5

12.2

i 2.5

f 2.4

12.2

Number

22,208 3,912 11,656 10,217

22,448 4,007 11,662 10,434

22,249 4,050 10,856 9,487

21,149 3,874 9,753 8,447

20,884 4,008 9,097 7,790

20,687 4,102 8,106 6,882

21,240 4,088 6,034 6,844

20,369 4,116 7,059 5,993

20,356 4,063 6,912 5,873

19,911 4,127 7,061 8,034

20,710 4,361 7,666 6,807

20,846 4,391 8,813 7,497

20,714 4,135 8,931 7,808

20,039 4,195 8,765 7,437

Age-adjusted daath rate 1

20.4 3.6 26.0 50.9

20.7 3.7 29.0 52.9

20.5 3.7 26.9 48.9

19.5 3.6 24.5 44.3

19.3 3.7 23.3 41.6

19.2 3.8 21.3 38.0

19.9 3.9 21.7 39.0

19.4 3.9 19.7 35.4

19.6 3.9 19.8 35.9

19.4 4.0 20.8 37.9

20.5 4.3 23.9 44.0

21.0 4.4 27.5 50.0

21.1 4.2 29.1 53.0

20.6 4.3 29.9 54.5

1,439

1,428

1,369

1,308

1,307

1,224

1,190

1,066

1,039

1,027

1,079

1,316

1,323

1,348

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.2

7.8

6.1

8.6

10,806

11,025

10,175

9,077

8,475

7,666

7,494

6,565

6,449

6,569

7,415

8,324

6,505

6,304

35.1

35.9

33.4

30.0

28.2

25.7

25.8

23.2

23.2

24.2

27.6

31.9

33.5

33.6

9,581

9,733

8,922

7,904

7,272

6,452

6,413

5,584

5,494

5,647

6,410

7,109

7,265

7,031

64.5

66.4

61.5

54.9

51.0

46.4

47.1

42.2

42.6

44.6

51.7

58.6

61.8

61.5

1,325

1,292

1,253

1,173

1,203

1,134

1,081

981

955

942

1,005

1,215

1,240

1,273

8.0

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.6

7.3

7.0

6.5

6.5

6,5

7.1

8.7

9.1

9.5

lFormethcd ofccmpmation,seeTechnicalnotss.
Table 20. Deaths and age-adjusted death rates for drug-induced causes, by race and sex United States, 19T9-92

[Age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard million population aee Technical notes. For listing of drug-induced causes, sw Teohnical notes]

AU other

All races White Total Black

Both @Oth

Year

Both Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...<....

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1838 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1280 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

1882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,703

10,880

9,463

10,710

10,917

9,796

9,976

8,863

7,892

7,492

7,310

7,106

6,900

7,101

4.3

3.8

3.6

4.1

4.2

3.8

4.0

3.5

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.1

7,766

6,593

5,897

6,895

7,004

6,146

6,284

5,342

4,640

4,145

4,130

3,s35

3,771

3,656

5.9

5.0

4.6

5.4

5.6

5.0

5.2

4.5

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

3,937

3,795

3,566

3,815

3,913

3,650

3,692

3,321

3,252

3,347

3,160

3,271

3,129

3,445

2.8

27

2.6

2.6

2.9

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.9

9,360

8,204

7,603

6,336

8,402

7,547

7,948

6,946

6,308

6,167

5,991

5,s83

5,814

6,116

4.1

3.6

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.4

3.7

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.?

6,124

5,129

4,846

5,249

5,234

4,600

4,635

4,172

3,587

3,376

3,251

3,042

3,088

3,077

5.5

4.6

4.2

4.6

4.9

4.3

4.7

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.2

Number

3,236 2,343 1,642

3,075 2,184 1,484

2,957 1,s60 1,251

3,067 2,374 1,646

3,175 2,508 1,770

2,847 2,249 1,546

3,083 2,028 1,389

2,774 1,717 1,170

2,722 1,583 1,053

2,s08 1,305 767

2,740 1,319 879

2,621 1,243 763

2,726 1,086 633

3,039 985 579

Age-adjusted death ratel

27 5.5 8.3

2.6 5.2 7.5

2.5 4.6 6.7

2.6 6.0 8.9

2.7 6.6 10.0

2.5 6.0 9.0

2.7 5.6 6.4

2.5 4.9 7.2

2.5 4.6 6.7

2.5 4.0 5.1

2.5 4.1 5.8

2.7 4.0 5.5

2.6 3.7 4.9

3.0 3.4 4.3

701

720

608

728

733

703

547

538

440

450

403

897

2.148

2;037

1,703

2,238

2,395

2,101

1,906

1,600

1,48a

I,la’t

1,212

1,152

1,006

3.1

3.2

2.8

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.6

6.6

6.6

5.7

7.5

a.3

7.4

6.9

5.9

5.5

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.1

3.7

1,533

1,365

1,155

1,570

1,700

1,485

1,335

1,107

397

724

622

751

648

540

10.6

9.7

8.4

11.4

12.9

11.3

10.5

6.9

6.2

6.1

6.9

6.6

5.6

4.9

615

652

548

666

695

836

571

493

483

470

390

401

356

357

3.6

3.9

3.4

4.1

4.4

4.1

3.7

3.3

3.3

3.3

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.7

lFWmeW&W putstion,seeTechnicalnotes.
scl~ Monthly Vltel Statletics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~

Table 21. Deaths and age-adjuated death rates for alcohol-induced causes, by rece and sex United Ststes, 197942

[Age-adjusted rates par 100,000 U.S. standard million populatio~ see Technical notas. For listing of alcohol-induced causes, see Technical notes]

All other

All l-awes White Toi%!l Black

Bath Both

Year

Both Seth

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

1882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1680 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1s89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,568

19,233

19,757

1S,81O

18,872

17,819

17,425

17,741

17,606

17,404)

17,541

18,660

19,765

18,951

6.8

6.8

7.2

7.3

7.1

6.8

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.2

7.8

8.4

8.2

14,926

14,467

14,842

14,960

14,206

13,461

12,986

13,216

12,9S5

12,812

12,W3

13,800

14,447

13,788

11.0

10.9

11.4

11.7

11.3

10.9

10.6

11.0

10.9

10.9

11.2

12.0

13.0

12.6

4,642

4,766

4,915

4,850

4,666

4,358

4,439

4,525

4,611

4,688

4,638

5,060

5,318

5,163

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

4.1

4.3

4.3

15,143

14,825

14,904

14,832

14,035

13,361

13,198

13,216

i3,384

13,286

13,527

14,199

14,815

14,334

6.1

6.0

6.2

6.2

5.9

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

6.0

6.2

6.8

6.9

6.6

11,701

11,266

11,334

11,307

10,681

10,172

9,864

9,922

9,986

9,863

10,042

10,441

10,936

10,513

Number

3,442 4,425

3,539 4,408

3,570 4,853

3,525 4,978

3,354 4,637

3,18s 4,468

3,334 4,227

3,294 4,52%

3,398 4,222

3,425 4,112

3,485 4,014

3,758 4,461

3,879 4,950

3,821 4,617

3,225

3,161

3,508

3,653

3,525

3,288

3,122

3,294

3,009

2,849

2,861

3,158

3,511

3,275

Age-adjusted death rate i

9.s 2.6 11.6 16.9

9.7 2.7 11.8 19.2

9.9 2.6 13.6 22,0

9.9 2.8 14.3 23.3

9.5 2.7 14.3 23.2

9.2 2.6 13.5 22.2

9.0 2.7 13.1 21.6

9.2 2.8 14.6 23.5

9.3 2.9 14.0 22.2

9.3 2.9 14.0 22.3

9.7 3.0 14.2 22.4

10.2 3.3 16.3 25.6

10.8 3.5 18.8 29.5

10.6 3.5 18.1 26.3

1,200

1,227

1,345

1,325

1,312

1,189

1,105

1,231

1,213

1,163

1,153

1,302

1,439

1,342

5.6

5.9

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.5

6.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.4

8.7

10.0

9.7

3,809

3,863

4,337

4,400

4,294

4,055

3,853

4,114

3,776

3,706

3,603

4,000

4,451

4,132

13.4

13.s

16.1

16.6

16.6

15.9

15.3

16.8

15.7

15.8

15.7

17.9

20.4

19.2

2,800

2,616

3,172

3,263

3,159

3,028

2,862

3,030

2,710

2,688

2,573

2,858

3,170

2,953

22.3

22.9

26.6

27.7

27.3

26.7

25.5

27.7

25.4

25.4

25.1

28.5

32.4

30.4

1,009

1,067

1,185

1,137

1,135

1,027

981

1,084

1,066

1,040

1,030

1,142

1,261

1,179

6.3

6.8

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.3

7.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.1

9.3

10.8

10.1

lFormethodofcoinputation,eeaTechnkalrmres.
Monthly Vital statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 61

Table 22. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, by marital status, race, and sex Untted States, 1992

Ail ofher

Al! raoes White Total Black

6oth 230th Both &dh

Marital status sexes Male Female sexes Male FemaIe sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Numberi

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,125,554 1,083,546 1,032,006 1,340,592 937,672 902,920 234,962 155,874 129,088 254,082 136,122 115,953

Never marrisd . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,905

Evermarried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,335,953

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914,788

Widowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,019

Divorced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~87,146

Notatated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,898

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9

Evermarried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.1

Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2

Wchwed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1

Dmrced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8

145,083

841,488

640,577

124,150

106,741

6,885

100.0

13.4

38.6

59.0

17.9

9.6

64,822

944,485

274,211

30;405

2,701

100.0

8.2

91.8

26.6

57.3

7.8

175,804

1,658,137

609,721

692,969

155,427

6,551

100.0

9.6

90.4

44.1

37.6

8.5

107,506 63,393 54,001

825,463 632,674 227,816

563,202 241,519 105,067

169,070 523,919 91,030

38,191 67,238 31,719

4,703 1,843 3,145

Peroent distribufion2

100.0 100.0 100.0

11.5 7.6 19.2

88.5 924 30.6

80.9 28.6 37.3

18.1 58.1 323

9.5 7.5 11.3

37,577

116,005

72,375

25,030

18,550

2,292

Iwo

24.5

75.5

47.1

16.3

12.1

16,424

111,811

32,692

65,950

13,168

853

Irml.o

12.8

87.2

25.5

51.4

10.3

49,330

201,205

3a,437

82,439

29,279

2,997

100.0

19.9

60.1

35.6

32.9

11.7

34,539

101,404

61,536

22,769

17,089

2,136

100.0

25.4

74.6

45.3

16.7

12.6

15,34

88,801

27,901

59,720

12,130

811

100.0

13.3

66.7

24.2

51.9

10.6

Table 23. Deaths and percent distribution of deaths for ages 15 years and over, by educational attainme@ race, and sex: Total of 42

repmting States and the District of Columbia, 1SS2

,4//oftrer

All rams Write Total Black

Both Both P9th Both

Yeafs of sdwd completed sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Femsfe sexas Male Female

Numberi

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,783,993 920,323 663,670 1,547,201 790,232 756,919 236,792 130,041 106,751 209,710 114,467 95,243

0-8yeafs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430,537 215,145 215,392 361,705 178,793 132,208 63,332 36,349 32,433 60,914 32,614 28,300

9-llywars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,577 128,430 103,097 195,494 105,189 80,305 41,063 23,291 17,792 38,112 21,443 16,664

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620,922 307,369 313,053 552,339 269,495 232,394 68,533 38,374 30,159 60,716 33,714 27,002

12-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,240 102,301 98,439 181,992 92,133 38,304 19,248 10,613 8,635 16,378 6,832 7,546

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . 182,536 108,682 72,896 163,336 101,738 26,552 14,250 7,906 6,344 10,588 5,334 5,265

Notstated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,129 56,336 55,783 87,233 42,628 44,455 24,346 13,503 11,338 22,991 12,525 10,466

Percant distribut”mnz

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 lQO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0-3years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 24.9 26.7 24.6 23.9 25.7 32.5 31.2 34.0 32.6 32.0 33.4

8-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 14.9 13.4 13.4 14.1 12.7 19.4 20.0 18.6 20.4 21.0 19.7

12yeafs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 35.6 38.8 37.8 36.1 39.7 32.3 32.9 31.6 32.5 33.1 31.9

13-15 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.3 12.6 9.1 9.1 9.1 8.6 8.7 8.9

16yeara ormore . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 12.7 9.0 11.5 13.6 9.3 6.7 6.8 6.6 5.7 5.2 6.2

1Excludes figures for age not StSfOtf.

2Dencminafora of percent dktrkdon exclude deaths of pSrSOnS Of UrhOwrI SdWStiWISl ~m~
62 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Voi. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Tabie 24. infang neonatal, and postrmonatai mortality rates by race and sex: United States, 1940, 1950,1960, 1970, and 1975-92

[Ratae are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and poetneonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths per 1,000 live births in specified group. Beginning in 1980,

race for live birIhs is tabulated according to race of mother see Technical notes]

A/I other

All races Whife Tote/ Black

Both Both Bofh

Year

Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of motherl

1882 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child2

1860, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of mother 1

1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19s4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Raceofchild2

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end C4table.

8.5

8.9

9.2

9.8

10.0

10.1

10.4

10.6

10.8

11.2

11.5

11.9

12.6

“12.6

13.1

13.6

14.1

15.2

16.1

20.0

26.0

29.2

47.0

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.3

7.7

8.0

8.5

8.5

8.9

9.5

9.9

10.9

11.8

15.1

18.7

20.5

28.8

9.4

10.0

10.3

10.8

11.0

11.2

11.5

11.9

11.9

12.3

12.8

13.1

13.9

13.9

14.5

15.3

15.8

16.8

17.9

22.4

29.3

32.8

52.5

5.8

6.2

6.5

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.4

7.8

7.7

8.0

&5

8.6

9.3

9.3

9.6

10.5

11.0

12.0

12.9

17.0

21.2

23.3

32.6

7.6

7.6

8.1

8.6

8.9

8.9

9.1

9.3

9.6

10.0

10.2

10.7

11.2

11.2

11.6

12.2

12.4

13.6

14.2

17.5

22.6

25.5

41.3

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.6

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.5

6.9

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.9

8.4

8.7

9.7

10.2

13.1

16.1

17.5

24.7

6.9

7.3

7.8

8.1

6.4

8.5

6.6

9.2

9.3

9.6

9.9

10.3

10.9

11.0

11.4

12.0

12.3

13.3

14.2

17.8

22.9

26.8

43.2

4.3

4.5

4.8

5.1

5.3

5.4

5.7

6.0

6.1

6.3

8.7

7.0

7.4

7.5

7.9

8.4

8.7

9.7

10.4

13.8

17.2

19.4

27.2

7.7

6.3

8.5

9.0

9.4

9.5

9.9

10.4

10.4

10.7

11.1

11.5

12.1

12.3

12.6

13.4

13.9

14.6

15.9

20.0

28.0

30.2

46.3

4.7

5.0

5.4

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.3

6.6

6.7

7.0

7.4

7.7

8.2

6.3

8.8

9.3

9.6

10.7

11.7

15.5

19.7

22.2

30.9

Infantmotiliirate

6.1

6.3

6.6

7.1

7.3

7.5

7.7

7.9

8.2

8.5

8.7

9.1

9.5

9.6

9.9

10.6

10.7

11.7

12.3

15.4

19.6

23.1

37.6

14.4

15.1

15.5

16.3

16.1

16.5

16.7

16.8

17.1

17.8

18.3

16.8

20.2

19.1

19.8

21.1

21.7

23.5

24.2

30.9

43.2

44.5

73.8

NaonetalmorIalii rate

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.6

4.7

4.8

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.2

6.5

6.6

6.9

7.4

7.6

6.5

9?0

11.9

14.7

16.4

23.3

9.2

9.5

9.9

10.3

10.3

10.7

10.6

11.0

10.9

11.4

12.0

12.5

13.2

12.5

12.9

14.0

14.7

16.3

16.8

21.4

26.9

27.5

39.7

15.7

16.5

17.0

17.6

17.3

16.1

18.5

16.3

18.4

19.4

20.1

20.4

21.9

20.7

21.5

23.1

23.7

25.5

26.2

34.2

47.9

48.9

82.2

10.0

10.5

10.8

11.1

11.2

11.7

11.6

12.0

11.7

12.5

13.2

13.5

14.3

13.5

13.9

15.5

16.0

17.7

18.2

23.9

30.0

30.6

44.9

13.1

13.6

14.0

15.0

14.8

14.8

14.9

15.3

15.7

16.1

16.5

17.2

18.4

17.5

18.1

18.9

19.6

21.4

22.2

27.5

36.5

39.9

65.2

6.3

6.5

8.9

9.5

9.4

9.6

9.7

10.0

10.1

10.3

10.9

11.5

12?1

11,5

11.6

12.4

13.3

14.9

15,3

16.9

23.6

24.2

34.5

16.8

17.6

18.0

18.6

16.5

16.6

18.9

19.0

19.2

20.0

20.5

20.8

22.2

21.4

21.8

23.1

23.6

25.5

26.2

32.6

44.3

43.9

72.9

10.8

11.2

11.6

11.9

12.1

12.3

12.3

12.6

12.3

12.9

13.6

14.0

14,6

14.1

14.3

15.5

16.1

17.9

18.3

22.8

27.8

27.8

39.9

18.4

19.4

19.6

20.0

20.0

20.6

20.9

20.6

20.7

22.0

22.5

22.5

24.2

23.3

23.7

25.4

25.9

27.6

28.3

36.2

49.1

48.3

81.1

11.6

12.6

12.7

12.8

13.1

13.5

13.6

13.8

13.2

14.2

14.9

15.2

15.9

15.3

15.5

17.2

17.6

19.5

19.8

25.4

31.1

31.1

44.8

15.3

15.7

16.2

17.2

17.0

16.8

16.8

17.2

17.6

18.0

18.4

19.0

20.2

19.4

19.6

20.8

21.3

23.2

24.0

29.0

39.4

39.4

64.6

9.8

9.9

10.4

11.0

10.9

11,1

11.0

11.4

11.4

11,6

12.3

12.6

13,3

12.8

13.1

13.7

14.5

16.3

16.6

20.1

24.5

24.4

34.9
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 63

Table 24. Infant, neonatal, and postneonstal mortality rates by race and sex: Unltad States, 1940, 19S0, 1960, 1970, and 1975-92-Con.

[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postnaonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths par 1,000 Iiie Mtha in specified group. Baginning in 1980,

mce for Iiie births is tabulated according to race of rnothec see Tachnioal notes]

AfI other

All ~C6S White Tdd Black

Both Both

Year

Both Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Race of mother 1

1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1389 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1362 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1361 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Race of child2

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1977. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1660 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1940 . . . . . ..<...... . . . . . .

3.1

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.9

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.9

7.3

8.7

18.3

3.5

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.9

5.4

8.1

9.4

19.9

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.9

3.7

3.6

4.0

4.4

6.5

8.0

I 6.6

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

4.0

5.7

7.4

16.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.4

6.3

8.0

17.5

Postneonafsl mortalii rate

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.5

4.9

6.7

14.5

5.2

5.6

5.7

6.0

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.8

6.2

6.4

6.3

6.3

7.0

6.6

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.2

7.s

9.5

16.4

16.9

34.1

5.7

6.0

6.2

6.5

6.1

6.3

6.6

6.3

6.7

7.0

6.9

6.8

7.6

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.6

8.0

10.3

17.8

18.1

37.3

4.8

5.1

5.1

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.8

6.3

6.0

6.3

6.5

6.3

6.5

6.9

8.6

14.8

15.7

30.7

6.0

6.3

6.4

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.6

6.4

6.8

7.0

6.9

6.8

7.6

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.9

9.9

16.5

16.1

33.0

6.5

6.8

6.9

7.2

6.9

7.1

7.3

7.0

7.5

7.8

7.6

7.4

8.3

7.9

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

10.8

16.0

17.2

36.4

5.5

5.8

5.9

6.2

6.1

5.8

5.8

5.8

6.2

6.3

6.1

6.3

6.9

6.6

6.7

7.0

6.8

6.9

7.2

8.9

14.9

15.0

29.7

ll”fmtd~wkti onraceofdecsdent rwebirthsbasedon raGeOfMOUWCSOOTtin~*

‘Infentdestkbassd onraceotdecadsmc lhmbirthstwed mraceofchildsee TecfmioalrWss.
64~ Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● Merch 22, 19S5 ~

Table 25. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality retes for 61 selected oause~ by reow Unfted 6tatee, 19S2

[Rates per 100,000 live births in specified group. For explanation of asiarisk preceding oeusa-cMaath codes, ass Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, Ail All

International Classir7cation of Diseases, 1975) races 1 White Black races 1 White Black

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Certain intestinal infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..006-Ocg

Whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...033

Meningococcal infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...036

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Viral diseases..,......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...045479

Congenitalsyphilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...080

Remainderofinfectioua and parasitic diaeasea . ., . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001.007.

010-032,034+35,037,036-041 ,W42-%4.4,0E0-068,091-1 39

Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasma of lymphatic

and hematopoietictissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..140-20S

Benign neoplasms, carcinoma in situ, and neoplaams

ofuncertain behaviorandofunspeoifiad nature . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .21&239

Oiseasesofthymusgland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...264

Cyaticfibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...277.0

Diseasesofblood andblood-forming organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...280-289

Meningitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..32(M22

Other diseases ofnervous system andsense organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...323-389

Acuteupperrespiratoryinfaotions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..40(H66

Bronchitisandbronchiolitis..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466.430+91

Pneumoniaandinfluenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-487

Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460466

Influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...467

Remainderofdiseasesofreapiratory system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...470-478.492-519

Hernia of abdominal cavity and intestinal obstruction

withoutmention ofhemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...550-553.560

Gastriis, duodenitis, andnoninfeotive ententisandcolifis . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...635.555-556

RemainderofdiseeeesofdigeetNe system. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .520-534,536-543,562-579

Congenitalanomalies ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Anencephalusandsimilarenomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74o

Spinabifida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...741

Congenital hydrooephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...742.3

Other congenital anomalies of central nervous system

andeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742.&742.2,742.4-742.9,743

Congenitalanomaiiesofheart... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74+746

othercongenital anomalies ofcirculato~system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...747

Congenital anomalies ofrespirato~system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. ...746

Congenital anomalies ofdigeativesyatem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..74S-751

Congenital anomalies ofgenifourinary system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .752–753

Congenital anomaliesofmusculoskelatal system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..754-756

Down’ssyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..756.o

Other chromosomal anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...758.1-756.9

All otherand unspecified congenital anomalies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...744.757.759

Carfain condfiions originating intheperinatal period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Newbomaffactedby matemalconditions which maybe unrelated to

prasentpregnanoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760

Newbomaffectad bymatemal compiicationsof pregnanoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Newbomaffeofed bycomplications ofplacenta, cord,andmembranes . . . . . . . . . ...762

Newborn affected byotherwmplications oflaborand delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..763

Slowfetalgrowthandfatalmakrutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...764

Disordera relating toshort gestation and unepaoified lowbirthwelght. . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Disorders relating tolonggeatation and highbirthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Sirthtrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...767

Intrauterinehypoxiaand birthasphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Fetaldistraasin livebominfant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768.2-788.4

Birthaaphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..766.S766.9

Respiratorydiatresssyndrome.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...763

Otherrespiratoryconditionsofnewbom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...770

Infectionsspacifictotheperinatalpenod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Neonatalhemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...772

Hemolyticdisease ofnewbom,dueto isoimmunization,

andotherperinataljaundica... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...773-774

Syndrome of “infant of a diabetic mother” and

neonatal diabatesmellitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...775.0-775.1

Hemorrhagicdiseaseofnewtmrn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...776.0

All other and illdefined conditions originating in

thepennatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...775.2-775.9.776.1-779

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...780-769

Sudden infantdeathsyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Symptoms, signs, andallother ill-defined conditions. . . . . . . . . . . ...760-797.798.1-799

Number Rate

34,628

130

4

z?

134

12

242

95

82

5

11!

128

404

1;

592

8

331

77

i 04

194

7,449

428

1;

351

2,337

439

888

108

473

507

117

662

15,%.

191

1,461

693

65

4,&

207

613

173

440

2,063

2,446

301

312

31

10

5

2,185

5,638

4,891

947

22,164

65

3

1:;

80

3

97

81

47

4

:

3;

44

75

357

7

202

47

61

5,E

367

46

142

266

1,762

322

768

A2

393

94

X

9,056

90

%

45

29

1,926

14;

404

116

1,::

1,427

573

176

24

5

4

1,266

3,778

3,239

539

11,348

63

1

9;

49

9

138

12

12

1

3;

39

75

%

216

216

11;

25

33

1,4:

42

3:

68

103

196

32

84

92

1::

125

6,125

%6

296

15

14

2,025

1%

4s

137

705

665

129

5

4

1

1,Z7

1,471

386

651.9

3.2

*

0.6

5.5

3.3

*

6.0

2.3

1.5

*

●

2.8

3.1

9.9

::7

14.8

14.6

8.;

1.9

2.6

12.:

10.6

1.3

4.4

8.6

57.5

10.6

24.3

2.7

11.6

12.5

2.9

21.7

14.4

3628

4.7

35.9

24.4

1.6

k:

*

1:::

4.3

10.8

50.8

60.2

22.2

7.7

0.8

●

*

53.8

143.6

120.3

23.3

682.3

2.0

*

R

2.5

●

3.0

2.5

1.5

*

*

2.1

2.5

9.6

;::

11.2

10.9

*

6.3

1.5

1.9

17%

11.5

1.4

4.4

8.3

55.0

Io.i

23.7

1%

12.3

2.9

20.3

13.3

262.9

$.7

20.6

1.4

E%

*

4.4

12.6

3.6

4U

44.6

17.9

5.6

0.7

*

*

39.6

116.0

101.2

t 6.8

1,664.6

9.4

*

*

14.4

7.3

●

20.5

*

*

●

*

5.2

1::

●

3::

32.1

*

17.4

3.7

5.8

10.1

219.3

6.2

*

5.3

10.1

71.8

15.3

29.6

1%

13.7

3.0

27.6

16.6

909.2

14.1

69.2

44.2

*

*

300.6

*

2%

7.1

20.3

104.7

143.3

45.4

19.1

●

●

*

126.5

272.7

216.4

54.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 65

Table25. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for 61 selected causes, by raw United States, 1992-Con.

[Rates per 100,000 live births in specified grvup. For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-ofdeath codes, see Technical notes]

Cause of death (Ninth Revision, All Ail

lnternatrnnal Classification of Diseases, 1975) races 1 White Black rams 1 White Black

Number Rate

Accidents andadverae effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E80CLE949 819 633 251 20.1 16.6

Inhalation and ingestion of food or other object

37.3

causing obstruction of respiratory tractor suffocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E91I-E91 2 103 63 39 2.5

Aocidentel mechanical suffocetiin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E913

2.0 5.8

136

Other accidental causes and adverse effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E8OO-E91O,E9I4-ES49

4.2 10.8

% 334 1:: 1::

Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E660-E969

10.4 20.6

326 189 128 6.0

Child battenngand other malfraatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E967

5.9 19.0

133 53 3.3

Other homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E860-E84S6.E968-E868

2.4 7.9

193 1:; 76 4.7

Another causes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Raaidual

3.5 11.1

1,550 1,033 38.1 32.3 69.3

Ilmlww rsm (ltk thsrr vd)iiS Snd bl~.

NOTISDataforW2-W4 Humsnirnmuncd#cianqvirusinfectionem shownin a separstsrabls.

Table 26. Deaths under 1 year and infant mortality rates for the 10 leading oauaas of infant death, by race: United States, 1s92

[Ratesper 100,000 Iiie births]

Rank Cause of death (Ninth Reviaiin,

orderl International Claasifrcation of Diseases, 1975) Number Rate

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

6

;

1:

. . .

. ..

I

2

:“

5

6

7

8

9

10

. . .

. . .

4

5“

6

7

8

1:

,..

Atl racesz

Alloauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Sudden infant death syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...796.0

Oisordera relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Respiratory distrasssyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761

Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Infections speoificto theperinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Accidents andadveme effecte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E300-E949

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Pneumonia andinffuenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-437

Allotherceuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

Whiie

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..740-759

Sudden infant death syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Disorders relating toshorlgesfation andunspeofiad low birthwaight . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Respiratory distress syrxlrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...769

Nawbomaffeoted bymatemal complications ofpragnanoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761

Newbomaffected bywrnplicstiins ofplecanta, cord, and membranes. . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Infeotiins spscificto theperinatal period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Accidents andadverse effacta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E60&E849

Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...763

Pneumonia and influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..43W87

Another oauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..%s.kiual

Black

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disordera relating toshort gestation andunspecified low birthwaight . . . . . . . . . . . . ...765

Congenital anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...740-759

Suddeninfantdeethsyndrome.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...798.0

Respiratorydiatresssyndrome.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...768

Nawbomaffected bymatemal compliitions ofpregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...761

Infeotionsspeoifictothepefinatalperiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...771

Newbomaffsctedby oomplioatiinsof placenta, cordrandmembrarses. . . . . . . . . . . ...762

Accidentsandadveraeeffeota..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E80+E849

Pneumoniaand influenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...460-467

Intrautennehypoxiaand birthasphyxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...766

Allotheroeuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

34,628

7,449

4,891

4,035

2,063

1,461

993

901

819

613

1O,M

22,164

5,666

3,239

1,928

1,321

659

573

533

464

357

6,523

11,348

2,025

1,477

1,471

705

466

2SS

251

216

185

3,948

851.9

183.2

120.3

99.3

50.8

35.9

24.4

22.2

20.1

15.1

14.6

265.8

692.3

177.0

101.2

60.2

41.3

30.1

20.6

17.9

16.6

12.6

11.2

203.7

1,684.6

300.6

219.3

218.4

104.7

69.2

45.4

44.2

37.3

32.1

27.5

566.1
66 ~ Monthly Vital Statlatics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Table 27. Infant and neonatal deaths and mortality ratea, by race for the United States, each division and State; and by sex for the

United States, 1SS2

[Rates per 1,000 live births in specified group. Live births based on race of mother, see Technical notes]

Infant deaths Neonatal deaths

All rSC@ White Black All races White Black

Race, sex, and area Number Rate 1 Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate 1 Number Rate Number Rate

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MiddleAtlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

‘MeetNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norlh Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

‘;outhAtlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oistrict of Columbia. . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . ,. . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouth Central . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

l+awall. . . . . .

34,628

19,545

15,083

1,277

90

94

56

569

107

361

5,012

2,532

1,002

1,478

6,220

1,530

792

1,927

1,463

508

2,096

463

309

649

69

102

172

332

6,651

92

761

215

919

203

1,038

586

1,146

1,691

2,306

447

695

655

509

3,932

360

668

417

2,487

1,870

86

152

60

413

211

577

220

151

5,264

538

298

4,201

101

126

6.5

9.4

7.6

6.6

5.6

5.9

7.2

6.5

7.4

7.6

8.8

6.6

8.4

9.0

9.5

9.4

9.4

10.1

10.2

7.2

8.0

7.1

8.0

8.5

7.8

9.3

7.4

8.7

9.8

8.6

9.8

19.6

9.5

9.2

10.0

10.4

10.3

8.6

9.9

8.3

9.4

10.5

11.9

8.3

10.3

9.4

8.8

7.8

7.6

7.5

8.8

6.9

7.6

7.6

8.4

5.9

6.7

7.0

6.8

7.1

7.0

8.6

G..?

22,164

12,625

9,539

1,008

87

91

56

435

88

251

2,98S

1.510

’535

943

3,874

1,056

594

1,052

783

369

1,601

369

260

429

58

70

143

252

3,319

46

332

21

485

180

514

241

491

989

1,246

381

366

308

173

2,645

227

275

293

1,850

1,574

67

148

57

356

157

465

213

111

3,909

448

266

3,119

58

:8

6.9

7.7

6.1

6.0

5.5

5.6

7.3

5.6

6.9

6.2

6.S

7.1

5.9

6.9

7.4

7.9

8.0

7.4

7.0

6.4

7.0

6.2

7.7

6.9

7.4

7.7

6.7

7.5

7.1

5.8

6.7

13.1

6.9

6.9

7.3

7.1

7.1

7.0

7,5

7,9

7.0

7.6

8.0

7.1

8.6

6,9

7.9

6.8

7.2

6,7

8.8

9.0

7.2

8.8

7.8

6.0

5.9

6.4

6.4

6.8

6.3

7.3

*

11,346

6,298

5,050

241

1

3

116

15

106

1,918

981

438

519

2,263

467

191

849

657

se

384

51

23

212

26

72

3,262

46

419

194

422

12

4s9

345

644

681

i ,050

66

305

349

330

i ,220

132

389

87

612

143

2

3

44

15

41

2

36

667

50

22

782

7

6

16.8

18.4

15.3

14.9

*

*

*

13.4

*

17.2

17.5

15.6

18.7

20.4

19.6

18.0

20.3

19.8

22.1

13.5

17.3

17.5

19.4

15.9

*

*

19.6

21.7

16.4

18.0

16.5

22.0

17.7

*

16.5

16.0

15.9

15.1

16.2

12.7

17.4

16.2

16.1

14.2

16.2

13.0

16.6

14.2

16.7

*

●

*

14.6

*

16.7

*

16.6

16.7

15.9

23.0

16.8

*

●

21 ,s49

12,157

9,692

896

57

54

31

416

78

260

3,354

1,691

679

984

3,965

968

502

1,242

961

304

1,263

2s3

181

39s

44

56

91

200

4,432

63

521

141

615

124

712

386

745

1,125

1,418

246

420

432

320

2,363

207

402

242

1,512

1,019

34

91

27

230

109

331

132

65

3,139

292

159

2,564

47

77

5.4

5.8

4.9

4.7

3.5

3.4

4.0

4.8

5.4

5.5

5.9

5.9

5.7

6.0

6.1

5.9

6.0

6.5

6.7

4.3

4.8

4.5

4.7

5.2

5.0

5.1

3.9

5.3

6.5

5.9

6.7

12.9

6.3

5.6

6.8

6.9

6.7

5.9

6.1

4.6

5.7

6.9

7.5

5.0

5.9

5.7

5.1

4.7

4.1

3.0

5.2

4.0

4.2

3.9

4.8

3.5

2.9

4.2

3.7

3.8

4.3

4.0

3.9

13,915

7,744

6,171

700

55

52

31

322

61

179

2,064

1,044

382

538

2,471

665

369

703

4s7

237

976

236

166

258

40

44

79

153

2,1s0

35

232

16

307

118

350

160

297

675

719

208

212

203

96

1,597

130

156

169

1,132

879

29

90

24

197

87

270

129

53

2,319

243

142

1,898

26

10

4.3

4.7

4.0

4.2

3.5

3.3

4.1

4.3

4.8

4.4

4.7

4:9

4.2

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.0

4.9

4.4

3.9

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.2

5.1

4.6

3.7

4.5

4.7

4.4

4.7

*

4.4

5.6

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.7

4.3

4.3

3.8

5.1

4.5

4.3

4.9

4.2

4.5

4.2

4.0

2.9

5.3

3.6

4.0

3.8

4.5

3.7

2.8

3.8

3.5

3.6

3.9

3.3

*

7,286

4,056

3,240

176

2

82

14

78

1,223

605

280

338

1,438

266

12[1

51 ~)

45”1

54

24”1

Z?

12

137

12

43

2,186

28.

282

125

2s9

5

341

223

44(I

440

693

4CI

2041

~$~

22CI

728

76

234

52

366

63

—

1

24

5

21

1

11

548

36

1al

495

3

4

10.8

11.8

9.8

10.9

*

*

*

9.5

*

12.7

11.1

9.9

12.0

13.3

12.5

11.0

13.6

12.1

15.2

7.4

10.9

12.7

*

10.3

*

*

*

13.0

11.0

11.0

11.1

14.2

12.5

*

11.2

10.5

10.9

9.&1

10.?

7.7

11:’

10.(;

10:’

8.,}

9.3

7.11

10.1

8.5

7A

t

*

b

8.()

k

8,/;

k

*

10.(;

11.4

*

i 0,1>

e

*

1Includes races other than whte and black.

—

t40TE: Caution should be used in comparing infant mmlalii rates by Sate.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22,1995 ~ 67

Table 28. Infant, neonatal, and postnaonatal deatha and mortality rates, by speoified Hiapsnic origin and race for non-Hispanic origin:

Totai of 48 Ststes and the District of Coiumbia, 1882

[Rates par 1,000 live births in specified group. l-k births baaed on race and Hispanic origin of mothen sea Technical notes. For a listing of States, sw Tachn”@ notes]

Hispanic Norr-Hispanic

All Puerto

Age

Dther Not

origins Total Mexican Rican Cuban Hispank 1 Tti12 Write 6iack statsds

Number

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,117 4,376 2,925 466 71 914 28,921 16,896 10,803 820

Under 26days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,553 2,751 1,803 311 49 588 18,124 10,585 6,869

28daysto 11 months. . . . . . . . . . .

678

12,!564 1,625 1,122 155 22 326 10,797 6,411 3,944 142

Rate

Under lyear4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.8 6.8 7.8 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.8 16.7 . . .

Undar28days4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.3 4.2 5.2 4.3 4.2 5.5

26daysto llmontha4 . . . . . . . . . .

4.2 10.7 . . .

3.1 2.5 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.3 3.3 2.6 6.0 . . .

Ilmludw cetmd d South Amerfcanand OthSr and dmown Hkp.mlc.

21naludesreeeeGtlwrthanwhiieand bleck.

%cludaa infantdeamsU@occurredin Stateethatdd notreportHispanicOrigifl On h d- ~e.

4Figuraafor odgin net atatsd included In “AM odgins” but not distributed among origin groups.

Tabie 29. Maternal deaths and maternai mortsiity rates for selected oeuses, by reoe: United States, 1982

[Maternal deaths are those assigned to Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerparium, category numbers 630-676 of the Ninth Revision, /nternatiorra/

C/m.sitication of Diseases, 1975. Rates per 100,000 live births in spacfisd group]

All Otfrer Al\ other

Cause of death (Nirrtfr Revkiorr, All Alf

Intemafiorral Classir7csfion of Diseases, 1975) races White Total B&ck races White Total Black

Number Rate

Complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerparium. . . . . . . . ...630-676 318 161 157 140 7.8 5.0 16.2 20.8

Pregnancy with abortiie outmme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...630-638 52 25 27 26 1.3 0.8

Ecfopic pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...633

3.1 3.9

28 13 15 14

Spontaneous abotiion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...634

0.7***

9 6 3

Legally induced abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...635

3’***

5 3 2 2

●

Wgallyinducada bortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...836

* ● *

2 1 1 1

●

other pregnancy with abortive outcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630-632,637+338

* * *

8 2 6

* ●

i)irectobat~” ccause s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...640-646.651-676

● ●

249 126 123 10; 6.1 3.9

Hemorrhage of pregnancy and childbirth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...640-641 ,666

14.2 15.9

39 16 23 18 1.0 *

Toxemia of pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...642.4-642.9.643 63

2.7 ●

24 28 26 1.3 0.7

Obatructad labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...6641

3.4 4.2

Complications ofthapuerperium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...670-676

● *

9; 4; 46 & 2.; 1.;

Other direct obstetric cauees . .642.0-642.3,

5.3 5.9

644-648,651 -659,661-665,657-569 62 37 25 21 1.5

Indiract obsfefric causal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...647-843

1.2 2.9 3.1

17 10 7

Delivery inacompletely normal case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .650

7*’**

* ● * *
Table 30. Number of autopsies and percent of deaths for which autopsies were reported for 15 leading causes of death: United

States,1992

[For explanation of asterisk preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical notes]

Reporied autopsy

Rank Cause of death (Nlnfh Revision, Total

order 1 International Classification of Diseases, 1975) deaths Number Percent

. . .

1

2

3

4

5

. . .

. . .

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

. . .

All causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diseases of heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..390-396.402,404-422

Mahgnant neoplasms, including nmpl*ms oflymphatic andhemato~ietic tissues. . . . . . . .140-208

Cerebrovascular diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...430-438

Chronic obstrutiive pulmona~dseases andallied condtiions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4S0496

Accidents andadverae effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E800-E949

Motor vehicle accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. E81&E825

Allotheracoidenta andadveraeaffscts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800,E807,E828-E949

Pneumonia andinfluenzs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4S0-487

Diabatesmelliius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...250

Human immunodeficiencyvirusinfaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..W42–*044

Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E950-E959

Homicideandlegalintervention.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..E980-E978

Chronic liverdiseaseandcirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Nephriis, nephritic syndrome,and nephrosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...580-569

Septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...038

Atherosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Certain condtionsonginating inthe perinatalperiod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-779

Allothercausee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Residual

2,175,613

717,708

520,578

143,769

91,938

86,777

40,982

45,795

75,719

50,087

33,5s6

30,484

25,488

25,263

22,162

19,667

16,831

15.730

224,071

51,258

14,838

4,620

3,395

42,782

20,804

21,978

4,ea4

1,942

2,483

17,121

24,759

3,681

1,442

439

3,476

86,547

10.3

7.1

2.9

3.4

3.7

49.3

50.8

48.0

6.6

3.9

a

97.1

14.6

3.6

7.3

2.6

22.1

22.2
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 69

Technical notes

Nature and sources of data

Data in this report are based on

information horn all death certificates

filed in the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. The U.S. Standard Certificate

of Death was revised in 1989; for additional details see the 1989 revision of the

U.S. standard certificates and reports (6)

and Technical Appendix of I&d Statistics

of the United States, 1989, Volume II,

Mortality, Part A(9).

Mortality statistics are based on

information coded by the States and provided to the NCHS through the Vhl

Statistics Cooperative Program (VSCP)

and from copies of the original certificates received by NCHS from the State

registration offices. In 1992 all the States

and the District of Columbia participated

in this program and submitted part or all

of the mortality data for 1992 on computer tape to NCHS. The 32 States in the

VSCP that submitted preceded medical

data for all deaths on computer tapes are

Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado,

Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,

Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York

State (excluding New York City), North

Carolina, North Dakot~ Pennsylvania,

South Carolina, Texas, VerrnonL Viginia,

Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

In 1992 Delaware, Maine, Montana,

North Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming

contracted with a private company to

provide NCHS with preceded medical

data. Kansas continued to provide the

medical data for Alaska. Iowa provided

preceded medical data for Idaho. The

remaining 18 VSCP States, New York

City, and the District of Columbia submitted copies of the original certificates

from which NCHS coded the medieal

data. For 1992 all States submitted preceded demographic data for all deaths.

Data for the entire United States

refer to events occurring within the

United States. Data shown for geographic

areas are by place of residence. Beginning with 1970 mortality statistics

exclude deaths of nonresidents of the

United States. All data exclude fetal

deaths.

Race

Quality of race data~ number of

studies have been conducted on the reliability of race reported on the death certiikate by comparing race on the death

certificate with that reported on another

data collection instrument, such as the

census or a survey. DiEerences may arise

beeause of differences in who provides

race information on the compared

records. Race information on the death

certificate is reported by the funeral

director as provided by an informant or in

the absence of an informant, on the basis

of observation. In contrast, race on the

census or on the Current Population

Survey is self-reported and, therefore,

may be considered more valid. A high

level of agreement between the death

certificate and the census or survey report

is essential to assure unbiased death rates

by race.

Results from several studies (10-12)

show that persons self-reported as

American Indian or Asian on census or

survey records were sometimes reported

,pswhite on the death certificate. The net

effect of misclassification is an underestimation of deaths and death rates for the

smaller minority races.

Other races and race not stated —

Be@ming in 1992 all records coded as

“Other races” (0.01 percent of the total

deaths) were assigned to the specified

nonwhite race of the previous record.

Reeords for which race was unknown,

not stated, or not classifiable (0.26 percent of the total deaths) were assigned the

racial designation of the previous record.

Cause-of-death classification

The mortality statistics presented

here were compiled in accordance with

the World Health Organization (WHO)

regulations, which specify that member

nations classify causes of death by the

current Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (13). Causes of

death for 1979-92 were classified

according to the manual. For earlier years

causes of death were classified according

to the revisions then in use—1968-78,

Eighth Revision; 1958-67, Seventh Revision; and 1949-57, Sixth Revision.

Changes in classification of causes of

death due to these revisions may result in

discontinuities in cause-of-death trends.

Consequently, cause-of-death comparisons among revisions require consideration of comparability ratios and, where

available, estimates of their standard

errors. Comparability ratios between the

Eighth and Ninth Revisions, between the

Seventh and Eighth Revisions, and

between the Sixth and Seventh Revisions

may be found in other NCHS reports

(14-16).

Besides specifying the classification,

WHO regulations outline the form of

medical certification and the procedures

to be used in coding cause of death.

Cause-of-death data presented in this

publication were coded by procedures

outlined in annual issues of the NCHS

Instruction Manual (17-19).

Prior to data for 1968, mortality

medical data were based on manual

coding of an underlying cause of death

for each certificate in accordance with

WHO rules. Effective with data year

1968, NCHS converted to computerized

coding of the underlying cause and

manual coding of all causes (multiple

causes) on the death certificate. In this

system, called Automated Classification

of Medieal Entities (ACME) (20), the

multiple cause codes serve as inputs to

the computer software that employs

WHO rules to select the underlying

cause. Many States also have implemented ACME and provide multiple

cause and underlying cause data to

NCHS in electronic form.

Beginning with data year 1990,

another computer system was implemented. This system, called Mortality

Medical Indexing, Classification, and

Retrieval (MICAR) (21,22), automates

coding multiple causes of death. In addition, MICAR can provide more detailed

information on the conditions reported on

death certificates than is available

through the International Classification of

Diseases (ICD) code structure. In the first

year of implementation, only about 5

percent (94,372) of the Nation’s death

records were coded using MICAR with

subsequent processing through ACME.

For 1992 approximately 35 percent

(800,000) of the Nation’s death records

were multiple-cause coded using

MICAR. In addition to the four States

that implemented MICAR in 1991

(Arkansas, Florida, Indiana, and Wash-
70 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Reporl ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

ington), on at least a portion of their data,

the following States implemented

MICA-R beginning with 1992 data:

Georgia, Maryland, New Hampshire, and

Vermont. NCHS expanded the use of

MICAR to code most of the records from

the following States: Alabama, Arizona,

Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky,

Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey,

New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode

Island, South Dakota, Temessee, Utah,

West Virginia, the District of Columbia,

and New York City. The remainder of the

national file was processed by either

NCHS or the States using only the

ACME system.

In this report tabulations of cause-ofdeath statistics are based solely on the

underlying cause of death. The underlying cause is defined by WHO as the

disease or injury that initiated the

sequence of events leading directly to

death or as the circumstances of the accident or violence that produced the fatal

injury. It is selected from the conditions

entered by the physician in the cause-ofdeath section of the death certificate,

When more than one cause or condition

is entered by the physician, the underlying cause is determined by the

sequence of conditions on the certificate,

provisions of the ICD, and associated

selection rules. Generally, more medical

information is reported on death certificates than is directly reflected in the

underlying cause of death.

Codes for HIV infection

Beginning with data for 1987, NCHS

introduced category numbers *042–*044

for classifying and coding Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The

asterisk before the category numbers

indicates that these codes are not part of

the Ninth Revision of the International

Classification of Diseases (ICD-9),

Deaths classified to HIV infection for

1991–92 are in table 13. They are

included, but not shown separately, in the

category “All other infectious and parasitic diseases” in the List of 72 Selected

Causes of Death and in the category

“Remainder of infectious and parasitic

diseases” in the List of 61 Selected

Causes of Infant Deaths. Before 1987

deaths involving HIV infection were classified to “Deficiency of cell-mediated

immunity” (ICD-9 No. 279.1), contained

in the category “All other diseases”; to

“Pneumocystosis” (ICD-9 No. 136.3),

contained in the category “AU other

infectious and parasitic diseases”; to

“Malignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic

tissues”; and to a number of other causes.

& a consequence, cause-of-death data

beginning with 1987 are not strictly comparable with data for previous years.

For data years 1983-86, acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and

I-IN infection when reported on the death

certificate were assigned to the category

“Deficiency of cell-mediated immunity”

(ICD-9 No. 279.1). Because the selection

rules for underlying cause of death were

developed before the identification of

AIDS, other conditions mentioned on the

death certificate rather than category No.

279.1 were often selected as the underlying cause of death during this period.

Also, this category was not uniquely specific for HIV conditions. As mentioned in

more detail in previous reports for

1984-86 (23-25), the number of death

certificates that had mention of conditions

coded to ICD-9 No. 279.1 was 2,943 for

1984, 6,040 for 1985, and 10,900 for

1986. It is believed that HIV infection

was involved in most of these deaths.

Firearm deaths

Causes of death attributable to

firearm mortality include ICD-9 No.

E922, Accident caused by firearm missile; Nos. E955.0-E955.4, Suicide and

self-inflicted injury by firearms; Nos.

E965.O-E965.4 and E970, Assault by

firearms and legal intervention; and Nos.

E985.&E985.4, Injury by firearms, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted. Injury by firearm causes

exclude explosives and other causes indirectly related to firearms.

Drug-induced deaths

Causesof death attributable to drugiidumd mortality include ICD-9 No. 292,

IDrug psychoses; No. 304, Drug dependence; Nos. 305.2–305.9, Nondependent

use of drugs, not including alcohol and

tobacco; nos. E850-E858, Accidental

poisoning by drugs, medicaments, and

biological; Nos. E950.0-E950.5, Suicide

by drugs, medicaments, and biological;

No. E962.0, Assault from poisoning by

drugs and medicaments; and Nos.

E980.0-E980.5, Poisoning by drugs,

medicaments, and biological, undetermined whether accidentally or purposely

irdlicted. Drug-induced causes exclude

accidents, homicides, and other causes

indirectly related to drug use.

Alcohol-induced deaths

Causes of death attributable to

alcohol-induced mortality include ICD-9

No. 291, Alcoholic psychoses; No. 303,

Alcohol dependence syndrom% No.

305.0, Nondependent abuse of alcohol;

No. 357.5, Alcoholic polyneuropathy;

No. 425.5, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy;

No. 535.3, Alcoholic gastritis; Nos.

571.0-571.3, Chronic liver disease and

cirrhosis, specified as alcoholliq No.

790.3, Excessive blood level of alcohol;

and No. E860, Accidental poiscming by

alcohol, not elsewhere classified.

Alcohol-induced causes exclucle accidents, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to alcohol use.

Educational attainment

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

mortality data on educational attainment

are being tabulated from information

reported on the death certificate. As a

result of the revision of the U.S. Standard

Certificate of Death (6), an item indicating educational attainment was added

to the certificates of numerous States.

Mortality data on educational attainment

for 1992 are based on deaths to residents

of the 42 States and the District of

Columbia whose data were approximately 80 percent or more complete on a

place-of-occurrence basis. These 42

States are Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,

Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine,

Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,

Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire,

New Jersey, New Mexico, Nortlh Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregou, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee,

Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Monthly Vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~ 71

Quality of repotiing of cause of

death

One index of the quality of reporting

causes of death is the proportion of death

certificates coded to the Ninth Revisio%

Chapter XVI; Symptoms, signs, and illdefined conditions (ICD-9 NOS.

780-799). Although deaths occur for

which the underlying causes are irupossible to determine, this proportion indicates the care and consideration given to

the certification by the medical certifier.

This proportion also may be used as a

rough measure of the specificity of the

medical diagnoses made by the certifier

in various areas. In 1992, 1.08 percent of

all reported deaths in the United States

were assigned to Symptoms, signs, and

ill-defined conditions (ICD-9 Nos.

780-799), compared with 1.12 percent in

1991. However, trends in the percent of

deaths assigned to this category vary by

age. Although the percent of deaths from

this cause for all ages combined generally

has remained stable since 1980, decreases

have occurred for 10-year age groups

from 25 to 44 years since 1988. Between

1991 and 1992 the percent decreased for

all age groups, except for those 15–24

years, 55-64 years, and 85 years and

over.

Population bases for

computing rates

The population used for computing

death rates in this report (furnished by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census) represents the

population residing in the specified area.

Death rates for 1992 are based on population estimates as of July 1, 1992

(26,27). The estimates are based on the

1990 census counts. The 1990 census

counts by race were modified to be consistent with U.S. Office of Management

and Budget categories and historical categories for death data (28).

Infant mortality rates in figure 5 and

tables E and 24-28 are the most commonly used index for measuring the risk

of dying during the first year of life. They

are calculated by dividing the number of

infant deaths in a calendar year by the

number of live births registered for the

same period and are presented as rates

per 1,000 or per 100,000 live births.

Infant mortality rates use the number of

live births in the denominator to approximate the population at risk of dying

before the first birthday.

In contrast to infant mortality rates

based on live births, infant death rates in

figure 2 and tables& 2, 5, 8, and 13 are

based on the estimated population under

1 year of age. Infant death rates that

appear in tabulations of age-specific

death rates are calculated by dividing the

number of infant deaths in a calendar

year by the midyear population of infants

under 1 year of age (estimated from

births occurring in the 12-month period

ending with June) and are presented as

rates per 100,000 population in this age

group. Because of differences in the

denominators, infant death rates may

differ from infant mortality rates.

Race for infant and maternal

mortality rates

Beginning with the 1989 data year,

the method of tabulating live births by

race was changed from race of child to

race of mother. This change affects infant

and maternal mortality rates because live

births comprise the denominator of these

rates. In 1989-92, as in previous years,

infant and maternal deaths continue to be

tabulated by the race of the deeedent.

As noted in detail in the Technical

Appendix to Wal Statistics of the United

States, 1989, Volume I, Natality (29),

beginning with 1989, live births are tabulated primarily by race of mother, as

reported directly on the birth certificate.

Before 1989 birth tabulations were by

race of child, as determined statistically

by an algorithm based on race as reported

for the mother and father. Briefly, in cases

of mixed parentage where only one

parent was white, the child was assigned

to the other parent’s race. When neither

parent was white, the child was assigned

the race of the father, except if either

parent was Hawaiian, the child was

assi~ed to Hawaiian. If race was not

reported for one parent, the child was

assigned the race of the parent for whom

race was given.

The change in tabulating live births

by race reflects three factors over the past

two decades—the topical content of the

birth certificate has been expanded to

include considerable health and demographic information related to the mother,

the increasing incidence of interracial

parentage, and the growing proportion of

births for which no information on the

father is reported.

Quantitatively, the change in the

basis for tabulating live births by race

results in more white births and fewer

black births and births of other races.

Consequently, infant and maternal mortality rates under the new tabulating procedure tend to be about 2 percent lower

for white infants and about 5 percent

higher for black infants than they are

when computed by the previous method

of tabulating live births by race of child.

Rates for most other minority races also

are higher when computed by race of

mother (9).

Trend data by race in this report have

been retabulated by race of mother for all

years beginning with the 1980 data year.

The retabulation provides more uniform

data to those analyzing infant and

maternal mortality data, particularly trend

data. To facilitate continuity and ease of

interpretation, rates for 1980 show data

for race of mother and race of child. This

will make it possible to distinguish the

effects of this change from real changes

in the data. The text in this report focuses

on live birth data tabulated by race of

mother exeept where trends beginning

before 1980 are discussed. In the latter

case, the analysis is based on data tabulated by race of child.

Infant mortality rates for specified

race may be biased, because of inconsistencies in reporting race between the

birth and death certificates for the same

infant. Estimates of reporting bias have

been made by comparing rates based on

the linked file of infant deaths and live

births with those where the race of infant

death is based on information from the

death certificate (9).

Cause-of-death rankings

The cause-of-death rankings in figure

4 and tables B-D, 5, 6, 16, and 30 are

based on the List of 72 Selected Causes

of Death and HIV infection (ICD-9 Nos.

*042–*044); the cause-of-death ranking

for infants in table 26 is based on the List

of 61 Selected Causes of Infant Death

and HIV infection. HIV infection was

added to the lists of rankable causes

effective with data year 1987.
72 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

The group titles Major cardiovascular diseases and Symptoms, signs, and

ill-defined conditions are not ranked from

the List of 72 Selected Causes; Certain

conditions originating in the perinatal

period and Symptoms, signs, and illdefined conditions are not ranked from

the List of 61 Selected Causes of Infant

Death. In addition, category titles that

begin with the words “Other” and “All

other” are not ranked to determine the

leading causes of death. When one of the

titles that represents a subtotal is ranked

(for example, Tuberculosis), its component parts are not ranked (in this case,

Tuberculosis of respiratory system and

Other tuberculosis),

Age-adjusted death rates

Age-adjusted death rates are used to

make comparisons of relative mortality

risks across groups and over time. However, they should be viewed as constructs

or indexes rather than as direct or actual

measures of mortality risk. Statistically,

they are weighted averages of the agespecific death rates, where the weights

represent the fixed population proportions

by age (30). The age-adjusted rates presented in this report were computed by

the direct method, that is, by applying the

age-specific death rates for a given cause

of death to the U.S. standard million

population (relative age distribution of

1940 enumerated population of the

United States totaling 1,000,000 (31)).

By using the same standard population,

the rates for the total population and for

each race-sex group were adjusted separately. The age-adjusted rates were based

on 10-year age groups. It is important not

to compare age-adjusted death rates with

crude rates.

Random variation

Although the mortality data in this

report (except data for 1972) are not

subject to sampling error, they may be

affected by random variation in the

number of deaths involved. When the

number of events is small (perhaps less

than 100) and the probability of such an

event is small, considerable caution must

be observed in interpreting the data. Such

infrequent events may be assumed to

follow a Poisson probability distribution.

For this distribution, a simple approximation may be used to estimate the confidence interval, as follows:

If N is the number of registered

deaths in the population and R is the

corresponding rate, the chances are 19 in

20 (approximate 95-percent confidence

interval) that

1. N–2~and N+ 2&

covers the “true” number of events.

2. R–2_!_ and R+2~

m m

covers the “true” rate.

If the rate RI corresponding to NI

events is compared with the rate R2 corresponding to Nz events, the difference

between the two rates may be regarded as

statistically significant if it exceeds

Additional information on random

variation may be found in the Technical

Appendix of Vital Statistics of the United

States, 1989 (9).

Infant and maternal mortality

rates-Comparisons made in the text

among infant, neonatal, postneonatal, and

maternal mortality rates, unless otherwise

spegified, are statistically significant at

the 0.05 level of significance. Lack of

comment in the text about any tsvo rates

does not mean that the difference was

tested and found not to be significant at

this level.

Rates, proportions, and ratios

Beginning with 1989 data, an

asterisk is shown in place of a rate based

fewer than 20 deaths. These rates have a

relative standard error of 23 percent or

more and are, therefore, considered statistically unreliable. For age-adjusted death

rates, this criterion is applied to the sum

of the age-specific deaths.

Life tables

U.S. abridged life tables are constructed by referenee to a standard life

table (32).

Causes of death contributing

to changes in life expectancy

Causes of death contributing to

changes in life expectancy were estimated using a life table partitioning technique. The method partitions changes

into component additive parts. This

method identifies the causes of death

having the greatest influence, positive or

negative, on changes in life expectancy

(4,33).

Hispanic origin

For 1992 mortality data for the

Hispanic-origin population are based on

deaths to residents of 48 States and the

District of Columbia whose data were

approximately 80 pereent or more complete on a place-of-occurrence basis and

considered to be sufficiently comparable

to be used for analysis. Data include all

States except New Hampshire and Oklahoma, which were excluded bemuse their

death certificates did not include an item

to identi@ Hispanic or ethnic origin.

Infant mortality rates for the

Hispanic-origin population are based on

numbers of resident infant deaths

reported to be of Hispanic origin and

numbers of resident live births by Hispanic origin of mother for the same 48

States and the District of Columbia. In

mmputing infant mortality rates, deaths

and live births of unknown origin are not

distributed among the specified Hispanic

and non-Hispanic groups. Because the

percent of infant deaths of unknown

origin was 2.4 and the percent of live

births of unknown origin was 1.0 for the

48 States and the District of Columbia for

1992, infant mortality rates in this report

by specified Hispanic origin and race for

non-Hispanic origin may be underestimated.

Infant mortality rates by Hispanic

origin may be biased, because of inconsistencies in reporting Hispanic origin

between the birth and death certificates

for the same infant. Estimates of

reporting bias have been made by comparing rates based on the linked file of

infant deaths and live births with those

where the race of infant death is based on

information from the death certificate (9).

Small numbers of infant deaths for

specific Hispanic-origin groups can result

in infant mortality rates subject to rela-
Monthly Vital Statistics Report

● Vol. 43, No. 6(S)● March 22, 1995

~ 73

tively large random variation (see “Random variation”).

In 1990 the 48 States and the District

of Columbia accounted for 99.6 percent

of the Hispanic population in the United

States, including about 99.5 percent of

the Mexican population, 99.7 percent of

the Puerto Rican population, 99.8 percent

of the Cuban population, and 99.6 percent of the “Other Hispanic” population

(34).

Computation of percent

distributions

Deaths of persons of unknown

marital status and unknown educational

attainment were subtracted from figures

for total deaths used as denominators

before percent distributions were computed.
74 ~ Monthly vital Statistics Report ● Vol. 43, No. 6(S) ● March 22, 1995 ~

Symbols

. . . Data not available

. . . Categoty not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less

than 0.05

* Figure does not meet standard of

reliability or precision (estimate is

based on fewer than 20 deaths in

numerator or denominator)
This report presents summary tabulations from the final mortality statistics for 1992. More detailed

tabulations for 1992 will be published in Wal Statistics of the United States, 1992 Volume IZ—

Mortality. Prior to the publication of that volume, the National Center for Health Statistics will

respond to requests for unpublished data whenever possible.

1

This report has been reprinted to correct errors. Changes appear in shaded areas on pages 17, 20, 21, 26,

29,51, and 57. Please discard original report dated December 8, 1994.

National Center for Health Statistics

Acting Director

Jack R. Anderson

Acting Deputy Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.lD.

Suggested citation Copyright information Associate Director for

Kochanek KD, Hudson BL Advance report of All material appearing in this report is in the Vital and Health Statistics Systems

final mortality statistics, 1992. Monthly vtal public domain and may be reproduced or

statistics repo~ VOI43 no 6, suppl.

Peter L. Hurley

copied without permission; citation as to

Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for source, however, is appreciated. Division of Vital Statiatiee

Health Statistics. 1995. Acting Direotor

Mary Anne Freedman

●U.S. GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE:1996-404-SS8/40011
VRal and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.

SERIES 2.

SERIES 3.

SERIES 4.

SERIES 5.

SERIES 6.

SERIES 10.

SERIES 11.

SERIES 12.

SERIES 13.

Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics.They inc!udadescriptionsof the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These repotis

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributionsto atatiical theory.These studies also

include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

Analytical and Epldemiological Studies—These reperk

present analytical or interpretive studies baaed on vital and

health statistics.These reports carry the analyses furtherthan

the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and Committee Reports-These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

International Vital and Health Statistlce Reports-These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

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horn the National Laborato~ for Collaborative Research in

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cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

Data From the National Health Interview Survey-These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuriew

disabilii use of hospital, medical, end other health serviceq

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview suwey.

Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, end measurement on

representative samp!es of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributionsof the population with respect to

physical, physiological,and psychologicalcharacteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between suwey periods.

Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

Data From the National Health Care Survey-These

reports contain statisticson health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care sewices based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider recurds.

SERIES 14.

SERIES 15,

SERIES 16.

SERIES 20.

SERIES 21.

SERIES 22.

SERIES 23.

SERIES 24.

Date on Health Resources: Manpower and FacilitieeDiscontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

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statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special suweys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Hea!th Statistics.

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Statistics-Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

health and demographic suweys, They are compiled in the

order in which they are published. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10-13.

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mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorc&These reports

contain statistics on natalii, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or month[y reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

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based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

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These reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth

rates, including contraception, infertility, cohabitation,

marriage, divorce, and remarriag~ adoption; use of medical

care for family p!anning and infertilii and related maternal

and infant health topics. These statistics are based on

national surveys of childbearing age.

Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage,

Divorce, and Induced Terminations of P&gnanc~-

These inckrde advance reports of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System that were published as supplements to the

Monthly Vii Sfatktios Report (MVSR), These reports provide

highlights and summaries of detailed data subsequently

published in Vital Statistics of the United States. Other

supplements to the MVSR published here provide selected

findings based on final data from the National Vial Statistics

System and may be followed by detailed reports in Series 20

or 2i.

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