Section Heading 1

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 644

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected 

Volatile Organic Compound Data, Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

By R.L. Huffman and R.S. Dinicola

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Data Series 644

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011

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Government.

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reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Huffman, R.L., and Dinicola, R.S., 2011, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009: U.S. Geological Survey 

Data Series 644, 38 p. 
iii

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington .......................................... 3

Figure 2. Map showing locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural

attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in groundwater

beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare

Center, Division Keyport, Washington ................................................... 4

Tables

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels measured at

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport,

Washington, 2009 ........................................................................... 5

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater

geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009 ....................................... 12

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater

samples from monitoring wells and piezometers collected by the U.S.

Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,

Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009 ................................................ 28

Contents

Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

Sample Collection and Analysis..................................................................................................................6

Selected Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................................7

Geochemical Data ...............................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compounds...............................................................................................................8

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations beneath the Phytoremediation 

Plantations.......................................................................................................................8

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer..........................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................9

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................9

References Cited............................................................................................................................................9

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2009 

Geochemical Sampling .................................................................................................................11
iv

Conversion Factors and Datums

Conversion Factors 

Inch/Pound to SI

Multiply By To obtain

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

SI to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

micrometer (μm) 0.001 millimeters (mm)

milliliter (mL) 0.001 liters (L)

liter (L) 33.28 ounce, fluid (fl. oz)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C=(°F-32)/1.8.

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27). 

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
Abstract 

Previous investigations indicate that natural attenuation 

and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) are substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre 

former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU  1), Naval

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. 

Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural attenuation 

processes was the preferred remedy selected by the U.S. 

Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site. 

The U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations on 

the landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the 

migration of chlorinated VOCs in shallow groundwater. The 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor 

groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain 

favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified in 

the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU 1 by 

the USGS during June 15–17, 2009, in support of long-term 

monitoring for natural attenuation.

For 2009, groundwater samples were collected from 

13 wells and 9 piezometers. Samples from all wells and 

piezometers were analyzed for redox sensitive constituents, 

and samples from 10 of 18 upper-aquifer wells and 

piezometers and 3 of 4 intermediate-aquifer wells also were 

analyzed for chlorinated VOCs. Concentrations of redox 

sensitive constituents measured in 2009 were consistent with 

previous years, with dissolved hydrogen (H2) concentrations 

ranging from less than 0.1 to 1.8 nanomolar (nM), dissolved 

oxygen concentrations all at 0.6 milligram per liter or less; 

little to no detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, 

iron, and methane; and commonly detected sulfide. 

 The reductive declorination byproducts—methane, 

ethane, and ethene—were not detected in samples collected 

from the upgradient wells in the landfill or the upper aquifer 

beneath the northern phytoremediation plantation. Chlorinated 

VOC concentrations in 2009 at most piezometers were similar 

to or slightly less than chlorinated VOC concentrations 

measured in previous years. In 2009, concentrations of 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

less than those measured in 2008 at most northern plantation 

wells and piezometers.

For the upper aquifer beneath the southern 

phytoremediation plantation, chlorinated VOC concentrations 

in 2009 at the piezometers were extremely high and continued 

to vary considerably over space and between years. At 

piezometer P1-9, the total chlorinated VOC concentration 

increased from 25,000 micrograms per liter in 2008 to more 

than 172,000 micrograms per liter in 2009. At piezometer P1-7 

in 2009, the concentrations of trichloroethene and 

cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) were the highest to date. The 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

detected at all wells and piezometers in the southern plantation 

with the exception of piezometer P1-8, although the measured 

concentrations were not consistently high.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of redox 

sensitive constituents and VOCs in 2009 at wells MW1-25, 

MW1-28, and MW1-39 were consistent with concentrations 

measured in previous years. Concentrations of the reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene at wells 

MW1-25 and MW1-28 were equal to or greater than 

previously measured concentrations.

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

By R.L. Huffman and R.S. Dinicola
2 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Introduction

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 

are in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at 

Operable Unit 1 (OU 1) at the Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center (NUWC), Division Keyport. The NUWC is on a small 

peninsula in Kitsap County, Washington, in an extension of 

Puget Sound called Liberty Bay (fig. 1). The former landfill 

is on the narrow strip of land connecting the peninsula to the 

mainland and is adjacent to tidal flats that are an extension of 

Liberty and Dogfish Bays. The OU 1 landfill was constructed 

in a former marshland and is unlined at the bottom. The 

landfill was the primary disposal area for domestic and 

industrial wastes generated by NUWC Division Keyport from 

the 1930s through 1973. The landfill received paints, thinners, 

solvents, acids, dried sludge from a wastewater-treatment 

plant, and other industrial wastes. The most concentrated 

disposal area for waste paints and solvents was at the southern 

end of the landfill.

Groundwater beneath OU 1 is within a series of 

aquifers that are composed of permeable sand, gravel, or fill 

materials separated by finer grained silt or clay layers. VOC 

contamination at OU 1 is only in about the top 60 ft of the 

unconsolidated deposits in the four hydrogeologic units—the 

unsaturated zone, the upper aquifer, the middle confining unit, 

and the intermediate aquifer. Groundwater in the unconfined 

upper aquifer generally flows from the east to the west toward 

Dogfish Bay. Groundwater in the predominantly confined 

intermediate aquifer flows toward the landfill from the south 

and from the west and then flows northwest beneath the 

landfill toward Dogfish Bay (Dinicola and others, 2002). Two 

perennial freshwater creeks drain the marsh adjacent to the 

landfill and discharge into the tide flats of Dogfish Bay.

Chlorinated VOCs are in the upper and intermediate 

aquifers and in surface water at OU 1. The predominant 

contaminants in groundwater beneath OU 1 are 

trichloroethene (TCE) and degradation byproducts 

cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). 

The compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) and degradation 

byproducts 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), 1,1-dichloroethene 

(1,1-DCE), and chloroethane (CA) have been detected at 

concentrations of concern at a few locations at OU 1. A need 

for remedial action was identified because these hazardous 

compounds are a potential risk to humans (URS Consultants, 

Inc., 1998). Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural 

attenuation processes was the preferred remedy selected by 

the U.S. Navy as specified in the Record of Decision for the 

site (URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). The U.S. Navy planted two 

hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill (fig. 2) in spring 1999 

to remove and control the migration of chlorinated VOCs in 

shallow groundwater (URS Greiner, Inc., 1999). The landfill 

between the plantations is covered with pavement, although 

the area north of the northern plantation is permeable.

The U.S. Navy began a cooperative effort with the 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1995 to investigate 

various natural attenuation mechanisms at OU 1. Field and 

laboratory studies from 1996 through 2000 showed that 

natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs 

in shallow groundwater at OU 1 were substantial (URS 

Consultants, Inc., 1997; Bradley and others, 1998; Dinicola 

and others, 2002). The USGS has continued to monitor the 

geochemistry of groundwater to ensure that conditions remain 

favorable for contaminant biodegradation. Annual monitoring 

from 2001 through 2006 confirmed biodegradation (Dinicola 

and Huffman, 2007). USGS data collected from 1996 through 

2006 are in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 

2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009).

This report presents groundwater chemical and selected 

VOC data collected by the USGS at OU 1 during June 15–17, 

2009, in support of the long-term monitoring for natural 

attenuation. The USGS collected groundwater samples from 

13 wells and 9 piezometers in 2009 (table 1 and fig. 2), and 

concentrations of various geochemical constituents used to 

determine redox conditions were determined in all samples. 

Concentrations of VOCs also were determined by the USGS 

in samples collected from the nine piezometers and three 

intermediate aquifer wells in 2009. 
Introduction 3

tac10-0576_fig01

SR

308

BROWNSVILLE SR

303

HIGHWAY

37' 122°36'30"

T.

26

N.

T.

25

N.

122°38'20" 38' 37'30"

42'

30"

47°

42'

40"

42'

47°

41'

10"

41'

30"

R.1 E.

1,000 2,000 3,000 FEET

0 900 METERS

0

300 600

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

Location of figure 2

WASHINGTON

Seattle

Bremerton

Figure

location

L I B E R T Y

B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

Pond

Marsh

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

Figure 1. Location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.
4 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

tac10-0576_fig02

Keys Road

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

Bradley Road

Shapely Road

SR

308

SR

303

Tide flats

Pond

Marsh

Landfill

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

(NUWC)

50 100 150 200 250 METERS

200

0

0 400 600 800 FEET

122°37'20"

T.

26

N.

R.1 E.

122°37'40" 30"

47°

42'

41'

50"

47°

41'

40"

MW1-22

MW1-30

PZ1-5

MW1-23

MW1-24

1MW-4

MW1-36

MW1-37

MW1-39

MW1-38

MW1-32

MW1-21

MW1-29

MW1-40

MW1-25

MW1-28

MW1-9

PZ1-2

PZ1-4

MW1-7

MW1-31

MW1-27 MW1-11

MW1-33

N-1

N-2 N-3

N-4

N-5

N-7 N-6

N-8

C-1

C-2

C-3

S-1

S-5

S-5B

S-4

S-4B

S-3

S-3B

S-2

S-2B

S-6

PZ1-3

1MW-5

MW22-7

MW1-19

MW1-18

MW22-6

MW1-3

MW1-17

1MW-1 MW1-15

MW1-2

PZ1-1

Private

Well 1

Private

Well 2

MW1-10

MW1-14

MW1-41

P1-1

P1-2

P1-3

MW1-6 MW1-35

MW22-5

MW3-5

MW22-1

MW1-20

MW22-2 MW1-8

P1-4

P1-5

P1-6

P1-7

P1-8

P1-9

P1-10

MW1-5

MW1-16

MW1-4

MW1-1

DB-14

TF19

MA09

MA11

MA10

MA-12

MA13

SW-S6

Passive-diffusion sampler

Data-collection sites—sampled

 in June 2009 are black, 

 not sampled are gray

Surface water 

EXPLANATION

NUWC, Division Keyport 

Former landfill

Phytoremediation plantation

Surface water

Approximate location of former

 waste paint and solvent

 disposal area

Monitoring well or

 piezometer in upper aquifer

Monitoring well or piezometer

 in intermediate aquifer

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

P1-1

MW1-28

S-2

MA12

Figure 2. Locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington.
Introduction 5

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels measured at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, 2009.

[Well or piezometer site No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. USGS site No.: Unique number for each site based on latitude and longitude of the site. 

First six digits are latitude, next seven digits are longitude, and final two digits are a sequence number to uniquely identify each site. Altitudes of groundwater 

levels and measuring points are given in feet above or below (-) North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Groundwater level is in feet below measuring point 

(bmp). Depth of well and screened interval are in feet below land surface. Altitude of measuring point: Water levels in wells are usually reported as depths 

below land surface, although the measuring point can be any convenient fixed place near the top of the well. For these wells and piezometers, the measuring 

points are marked points on the tops of well casings—they vary from being near the land surface to a few feet above land surface. The altitude of the measuring 

point commonly is recorded so that static water levels also can be reported as altitudes. Abbreviations: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; VOC, volatile organic 

compound; ft, foot; ft bmp, feet below measuring point; –, not measured]

Well or 

piezometer 

site No.

USGS site No. Date and time measured

Groundwater 

level altitude 

(ft)

Groundwater 

level 

(ft bmp)

Altitude of 

measuring 

point 

(ft)

Depth 

of 

well 

(ft)

VOCs 

sampled 

by 

USGS

1MW-1 474151122373201 06-15-09 13:30 3.36 6.70 10.06 16.5 No

MW1-2 474153122373101 06-15-09 12:50 1.51 10.38 11.89 18.5 No

MW1-3 474152122372501 06-15-09 10:15 9.66 3.89 13.55 11.5 No

MW1-4 474145122372801 06-16-09 09:50 5.48 6.72 12.20 13.0 No

MW1-5 474146122373201 06-16-09 12:50 4.11 8.97 13.08 12.0 No

MW1-16 474146122372801 06-16-09 09:40 3.83 9.00 12.83 12.0 No

MW1-17 474150122373201 06-15-09 15:30 6.18 5.76 11.94 13.5 No

MW1-20 474145122372501 06-15-09 10:50 6.62 3.82 10.44 16.0 No

MW1-25 474154122373201 06-17-09 11:40 0.67 11.24 11.91 49.0 No

MW1-28 474153122373301 06-17-09 11:10 0.54 12.56 13.10 45.0 No

MW1-38 474156122373701 06-17-09 11:00 0.30 9.53 9.83 50.0 No

MW1-39 474157122373701 06-17-09 10:30 0.23 9.62 9.85 33.7 Yes

MW1-41 474152122372901 06-15-09 15:10 6.00 9.27 15.27 15.0 No

P1-1 474153122372801 06-15-09 13:15 5.11 9.25 14.36 15.0 Yes

P1-3 474153122373102 06-15-09 11:15 7.29 5.50 12.79 15.0 Yes

P1-4 474152122373101 06-15-09 12:00 4.52 8.03 12.55 15.0 Yes

P1-5 474152122372801 06-15-09 14:00 5.42 9.64 15.06 15.0 Yes

P1-6 474146122373001 06-16-09 11:20 2.33 10.43 12.76 15.0 Yes

P1-7 474145122373101 09-16-09 11:20 5.09 7.03 12.12 15.0 Yes

P1-8 474147122372801 06-15-09 1600 – – 12.06 15.0 Yes

P1-9 474145122372901 06-15-09 1030 1.44 10.47 11.91 15.0 Yes

P1-10 474145122372601 06-15-09 1630 6.26 5.61 11.86 15.0 Yes
6 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Sample Collection and Analysis

Groundwater-level measurements, sample collection 

and processing, and field analyses were in accordance with 

applicable procedures described in the USGS National 

Field Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). 

Geochemical measurements and concentrations determined 

for all samples included dissolved hydrogen (H2), dissolved 

oxygen (DO), filtered organic carbon (referred to as dissolved 

organic carbon, DOC), filtered nitrate plus nitrite, filtered 

manganese, filtered ferrous iron (or iron (II)), filtered sulfate, 

unfiltered sulfide, dissolved methane, dissolved carbon 

dioxide, pH, specific conductance, oxidation-reduction 

potential (ORP), and filtered chloride. Concentrations of 64 

VOCs were analyzed for samples from nine piezometers and 

from three wells. Concentrations of the dissolved gases ethane, 

ethene, and methane were determined for all samples.

After measuring depth to groundwater, all well and 

piezometer samples were collected with a peristaltic pump 

and single-use polyethylene tubing. Samples were collected 

from the mid-screen altitude in each well. Samples were 

collected after approximately three casing-volumes of water 

were purged from the wells and after allowing the analytes 

pH, specific conductance, and DO to stabilize within 0.1 unit, 

5 percent, and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. Those three analytes 

and ORP were measured in a flow-through chamber using 

temperature-compensated sensors from a Yellow Springs 

Instruments (YSI) data sonde. The specific conductance sensor 

was calibrated daily with standard reference solutions; the 

pH sensor was calibrated daily with two pH standards; and 

the DO sensor was calibrated daily using the water-saturated 

air method and occasionally verified with zero DO solution. 

Dissolved-oxygen analyses were confirmed for most samples 

using 0 to 1 mg/L CHEMets Rhodazine-D colorimetric 

ampoules (manufactured by CHEMetrics, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia). These ampoules were filled directly from the 

sampling tube after well purging was completed.

Concentrations of iron (II) were measured in the 

field in samples that had been filtered through a 0.45-μm 

membrane filter using a colorimetric 1,10 phenanthroline 

indicator method and a Hach Model 2010 spectrophotometer 

following Hach Method 8146 (Hach Company, 1998; 

adapted from American Public Health Association, 1980). 

Sulfide concentrations were immediately measured in 

the field using a colorimetric methylene-blue indicator 

method using the same spectrophotometer according to 

Hach Method 8131[(Hach Company, 1998; procedure is 

equivalent to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 

method 376.2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1983)]. Methodologies used to determine iron and sulfide 

concentrations also are described in Hach Company (2011a, 

2011b). Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were 

measured in the field with Titret-Sodium hydroxide titrant with 

a pH indicator (manufactured by CHEMetrics, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia).

Samples for H2 in groundwater were collected using 

the bubble-strip method of Chapelle and others (1997), and 

concentrations were measured in the field using a reduction 

gas analyzer (Trace Analytical model E-001). Initial gas 

samples from each well were collected and analyzed after 

at least 20 minutes of stripping; subsequent samples were 

collected and analyzed at about 5-minute intervals until 

consecutive H2 concentrations stabilized to within 10 percent, 

a process that often required 1 hour or more.

Samples for analysis of nitrate plus nitrite, manganese, 

sulfate, and chloride concentrations were filtered through a 

0.45-μm membrane filter into polyethylene bottles, chilled, 

and sent to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory 

(NWQL) in Lakewood, Colorado. Samples for analysis of 

manganese were acidified in the field with nitric acid to a pH 

of less than 2 and then analyzed at NWQL by inductively 

coupled plasma as described by Fishman (1993). Chloride and 

sulfate were analyzed using ion chromatography as described 

by Fishman (1993). Nitrate plus nitrite were analyzed 

colorimetrically by cadmium reduction and diazotization 

as described by Fishman (1993). The results for the nitrate 

plus nitrite analyses are referred to simply as “nitrate” in this 

report because nitrite was not detected historically at the site 

(Dinicola and others, 2002).

Samples for DOC analysis were filtered through a 

0.45-μm filter, collected in amber glass bottles, acidified in 

the field with sulfuric acid to a pH of less than 2, chilled to 

less than 4°C, and shipped to NWQL. DOC concentrations 

were determined using persulfate oxidation and infrared 

spectrometry as described by Brenton and Arnett (1993).

Samples for VOC analysis were collected in 

pre- acidified 40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped 

to Test America Laboratories in Denver, Colorado, using 

purge and trap capillary-column gas chromatography/mass 

spectrometry according to USEPA Method SW846 8260B 

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). Samples for 

analysis of ethane, ethene, and methane were collected in 

pre-acidified 40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to 

Test America Laboratories in Denver Colorado, for subsequent 

analysis using gas chromatography with a flame-ionization 

detector according to USEPA Method RSK SOP‐175 (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1994). The reporting limit 

for a given compound often differed between wells because 

of different degrees of sample dilution by Test America 

Laboratories. The VOC and dissolved gas samples were 
Selected Monitoring Data 7

collected in pre-acidified vials supplied by Test America 

Laboratories; consequently, the vials should not be overfilled 

during sampling as is recommended in applicable USGS 

procedures (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated) to avoid 

aeration of the sample.

Quality control of geochemical and contaminant 

sampling for 2009 included the collection of one duplicate 

sample for selected redox-sensitive analytes and two duplicate 

sample for VOCs. A field blank for redox-sensitive analytes 

and VOCs was collected in 2009. No substantial quality issues 

were identified in those samples (appendix A). 

Selected Monitoring Data

The groundwater chemistry data are grouped with regard 

to aquifer and location of the well or piezometer. Upgradient 

sites are the two upper aquifer wells (MW1-3 and MW1-20) 

located east of the former landfill. The former upgradient 

intermediate aquifer well (MW1-33) located south of the 

landfill was decommissioned and can no longer be sampled. 

Northern plantation sites are all in the upper aquifer and 

include four wells (1MW-1, MW1-2, MW1‐17, and MW1- 41) 

and four piezometers (P1-1, P1-3, P1-4, and P1-5) in or near 

the northern phytoremediation plantation; piezometer P1-2 

generally is dry during June and has never been sampled. 

Southern plantation sites also are all in the upper aquifer and 

include three wells (MW1-4, MW1–5, and MW1-16) and five 

piezometers (P1-6, P1-7, P1-8, P1-9, and P1-10) in or near the 

southern phytoremediation plantation. Intermediate aquifer 

sites include four wells (MW1-25, MW1-28, MW1- 38, 

and MW1-39) that are downgradient of the landfill; no 

intermediate aquifer wells are in the footprint of the former 

landfill.

Geochemical Data 

Geochemical data collected by the USGS from 

piezometers and selected wells at OU 1 from 1996 to 2009 are 

shown in table 2 (at back of report). Historical geochemical 

data for wells not sampled in 2009 are not included in table 2, 

but are available in Dinicola (2003, 2004, and 2006) and 

Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Overall, 

concentrations of oxidation-reduction (redox) sensitive 

constituents measured in 2009 were consistent with previous 

years, with dissolved H2 concentrations ranging from less than 

0.1 to 1.8 nM, dissolved oxygen concentrations all at 

0.6 mg/L or less; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant 

dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly 

detected sulfide.

Concentrations of geochemical compounds in the samples 

from upgradient wells (MW1-3 and MW1-20) in  2009 were 

within the range of concentrations measured (0.1–0.2 mg/L) 

in previous years. The well upgradient from the northern 

plantation (MW1-3) continued to be characterized by low 

dissolved oxygen concentrations(0.2   mg/L) and consistent 

measureable nitrate concentrations (1.0 mg/L). The well 

upgradient from the southern plantation (MW1-20) continued 

to be characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentrations 

(0.1 mg/L) and measurable dissolved manganese (0.19 mg/L) 

and iron (II) concentrations (0.01 mg/L). 

Concentrations of geochemical compounds in the 

upper aquifer beneath the northern plantation in 2009 were 

consistent with concentrations measured in previous years, 

although some concentrations were slightly higher or lower 

than the range of concentrations measured in previous years. 

Dissolved oxygen concentrations were 0.6 mg/L or less, and 

concentrations of manganese, iron and methane generally were 

greater than those concentrations in upgradient groundwater. 

DOC concentrations ranged from 6.0 (well MW1-17) to 

20 mg/L (piezometer P1-3) and methane concentrations 

were relatively high in comparison to concentrations in 

samples from the southern plantation and the intermediate 

aquifer ranging from 0.77 (well MW1-2) to 24 mg/L 

(piezometer P1-1). H2 concentrations were the same as or less 

than those measured in 2008 ranging from less than 

0.1 to 0.9 nM.

Concentrations of geochemical compounds in the 

upper aquifer beneath the southern plantation in 2009 also 

were consistent with concentrations measured in previous 

years, again with some concentrations slightly higher or 

lower than the range of concentrations measured in previous 

years. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were 0.4 mg/L or 

less, DOC ranged from 0.8 (well MW1-4) to 8.3 mg/L (well 

MW1-5), and concentrations generally were greater than 

those concentrations in upgradient groundwater. Methane 

concentrations also ranged from 0.73 (well MW1-4) to 

10 mg/L (piezometer P1-8) and commonly were less than 

concentrations measured at northern plantation wells and 

piezometers. H2 concentrations were similar to those measured 

in 2008, ranging from less than 0.1 to 0.2 nM.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of 

redox sensitive constituents in 2009 were consistent with 

concentrations measured in previous years. One notable 

difference was that filtered chloride concentrations and 

specific conductance were less than previously measured in 

wells MW1-25 and MW1-28 at the downgradient margin 

of the landfill. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in all 

intermediate aquifer wells downgradient of the landfill were 

less than 0.5 mg/L. H2 concentrations were highest in the 

intermediate aquifer ranging from 0.1 to 1.8 nM, with well 

MW1-39 consistently having concentrations greater than 1 nM.
8 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs and dissolved ethane and ethene data collected 

from piezometers and selected intermediate aquifer wells at 

OU 1 from June 1999 to June 2009 are shown in table 3 (at 

back of report). The VOC data include concentrations of a 

subset of the 64 compounds measured using USEPA Method 

SW846 8260B (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). 

Chemical concentrations are reported as less than the reporting 

level for samples in which the analyte was neither identified 

nor detected at concentrations equal to or greater than the 

reporting level. Historical VOC data for wells not sampled 

in 2009 and for dates before 1999 are not included in table 3, 

but are in Dinicola and Huffman (2009) and U.S. Navy 

(2010). The total chlorinated VOC concentrations calculated 

for each sample is the sum of concentrations of chlorinated 

VOCs that were positively detected; concentrations reported 

as “less than” values were not included in the total. Complete 

analytical results for the USGS data for 2009 and previous 

years are available from the U.S. Geological Survey (2011) 

or Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), 

and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2008). 

Complete analytical results for the complimentary U.S. Navy 

VOC data from 1995 through 2009 are available in U.S. Navy 

(2010).

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations 

beneath the Phytoremediation Plantations

For the northern plantation in 2009, chlorinated VOC 

concentrations at most piezometers were similar or slightly 

less than concentrations of chlorinated VOC measured in 

previous years. In 2009, the only chlorinated VOC that was 

positively detected in a piezometer sample from P1-1 was 

cis-DCE with an estimated concentration of 0.19 μg/L, and 

a piezometer sample from P1-5 had only one measurable 

chlorinated VOC, chloroethane, with an estimated 

concentration of 19 μg/L. At piezometer P1-3, chlorinated 

VOC concentrations were two to nine times higher than those 

measured in 2008, but still near the lowest concentrations 

since monitoring began in 1999. Chlorinated VOC 

concentrations in piezometer samples for P1-4 were similar to 

previous years, although concentrations of VC have fluctuated 

between 280 and 750 μg/L since 2007. Total chlorinated 

VOC concentrations at piezometer P1-4 continue to be higher 

than concentrations measured in all other piezometers in 

the northern plantation. The sum of concentrations of the 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

slightly lower or the same in 2009 compared with 2008 

in three of the four wells sampled and three of the four 

piezometers sampled.

For the southern plantation in 2009, chlorinated VOC 

concentrations measured in most piezometers continued to 

be extremely high and highly variable from year to year. At 

piezometer P1-9, the total chlorinated VOC concentration 

increased from 25,000 μg/L in 2008 to 172,000 μg/L in 2009. 

At piezometer P1-7, the individual concentrations of TCE and 

cis-DCE were at the highest concentrations measured to date 

(40,000 and 92,000 μg/L, respectively). Since data collection 

began in 1999, the total chlorinated VOC concentrations in 

samples from these two wells remain high and have been the 

highest measured in samples from all wells in the southern 

and northern plantations. In contrast, the total CVOC 

concentrations in piezometer P1-8 remained relatively low at 

220 μg/L. In 2009, one or both of the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene were detected in samples from 

all wells and piezometers in the southern plantation with the 

exception of piezometer P1-8. Samples from piezometer P1-9 

had the highest measured ethene concentrations to date with a 

concentration of 1,300 μg/L.

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the 

Intermediate Aquifer

In the intermediate aquifer for 2009, total chlorinated 

VOC concentrations in samples from wells MW1-25 and 

MW1-28 were consistent with previous years, with vinyl 

chloride concentrations remaining relatively high in both 

wells (240 and 730 μg/L, respectively). At well MW1- 39 

farthest downgradient in the intermediate aquifer, low 

concentrations of cis-DCE and VC were detected in samples, 

similar to previous years. The sum of estimated concentrations 

of reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene 

were 30 and 41 μg/L in samples from wells MW1-25 and 

MW1- 28, respectively. Those compounds were not detected 

farther downgradient in the intermediate aquifer beneath State 

Highway 308 causeway in samples from wells MW1-38 and 

MW1-39. 
References Cited 9

Summary

Previous investigations report that natural attenuation 

and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) are substantial in groundwater beneath 

the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1), Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. 

Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural attenuation 

processes was the preferred remedy selected by the U.S. 

Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site, 

and the U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations 

on the landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the 

migration of chlorinated VOCs in shallow groundwater. The 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor 

groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain 

favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified in 

the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU 1 by 

the USGS during June 15–17, 2009, in support of long-term 

monitoring for natural attenuation.

In the upper aquifer beneath the northern plantation 

concentrations of manganese, iron, and methane were 

higher than concentrations in upgradient groundwater and 

were relatively high in comparison to concentrations in 

samples from the southern plantation and the intermediate 

aquifer ranging from 0.77 (well MW1-2) to 24 milligrams 

per liter (piezometer P1-1). Anaerobic conditions existed 

in all wells and piezometers consistent with previous year 

samples, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations 

ranged from 6.0 (well MW1-17) to 20 milligrams per liter 

(piezometer P1-3). Methane concentrations ranged from 0.77 

(well MW1-2) to 24 milligrams per liter (piezometer P1-1). 

For the southern plantation in 2009, chlorinated 

VOC concentrations measured in piezometers were often 

extremely high and varied widely spatially and temporally. 

At piezometer P1-9, the total chlorinated VOC concentration 

in samples increased from 25,000 micrograms per liter in 

2008 to 172,000 micrograms per liter in 2009. At piezometer 

P1-7, the individual concentrations of trichloroethene 

(TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), were at the 

highest concentrations to date. Methane concentrations 

also ranged from 0.73 (well MW1-4) to 10 milligrams 

per liter (piezometer P1-8) and commonly were less than 

concentrations measured at northern plantation wells and 

piezometers. Concentrations of dissolved hydrogen (H2) 

measured in the upper aquifer generally have been lower 

than concentrations measured before 2002, with only well 

MW1- 39 having concentrations greater than 1 nanomolar 

in 2009. Methane and sulfide concentration at most upper 

aquifer wells and piezometers beneath the landfill have been 

consistently higher than those measured in upgradient wells 

and organic carbon concentrations generally have remained 

the same since 2004.

 All intermediate aquifer wells downgradient of 

the landfill have been consistently anaerobic. Methane 

concentrations in these wells ranged from 0.77 to 

5.1 milligrams per liter and were about twice as high in well

MW1-25 compared to well MW1-28. Total chlorinated VOC 

concentrations in wells MW1-25, MW1-28, and MW1-39 

were consistent with previous years, with vinyl chloride 

concentrations remaining high with 240 μg/L at MW1-25 and 

730 μg/L at MW-28. No detectable concentrations of CVOCs 

were measured at well MW1-39, farthest downgradient in the 

intermediate aquifer.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Douglas Thelin of the Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command Northwest for his guidance and 

funding for the continued monitoring. Gene Ellis of the Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

provided logistical support for field activities. U.S. Geological 

Survey Washington Water Science Center staff Stephen Cox, 

Lonna Frans, Greg Justin, Karen Payne, and CG Laird assisted 

with data collection and analysis.

References Cited

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for the examination of water and wastewater (15th ed.): 

Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association.

Bradley, P.M, Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998, 

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C] dichloroethene under 

Mn(IV)-reducing conditions: Applied and Environmental 

Microbiology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1560–1562.

Brenton, R.W., and Arnett, T.L., 1993, Methods of analysis 

by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality 

Laboratory—Determination of dissolved organic carbon 

by UV-promoted persulfate oxidation and infrared 

spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 92-480, 12 p.

Chapelle, F.H., Vroblesky, D.A., Woodward, J.C., and 

Lovely, D.R., 1997, Practical considerations for measuring 

hydrogen concentrations in ground water: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2873–2877.

Dinicola, R.S., 2003, Natural attenuation monitoring data 

during June 2001, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 03-344, 17 p.
10 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Dinicola, R.S., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 2004-1203, 19 p.

Dinicola, R.S., 2006, Continued biodegradation of 

chloroethene compounds in ground water at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2006-5056, 42 p.

Dinicola, R.S., Cox, S.E., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 

2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Weapons Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 02-4119, 19 p.

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2004, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2004-1330, 19 p.

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2006-1374, 27 p.

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2007, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2007-1430, 30 p.

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2009, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

2007 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2009-1141, 42 p.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—

Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in 

water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

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Procedures Manual: Loveland, Colo., Hach Company.

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pillows, pk/100: web page, accessed November 10, 2011, 

at http://www.hach.com/ferrous-iron-reagent-powderpillows-pk-100/product-parameter-reagent?id=7640176700

&callback=.

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ent?id=7640197898&callback=qs.

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report for Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: Seattle, Wash., 

URS Consultants for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

3 volumes.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1998, Final record of decision for 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Seattle, Wash., URS Consultants 

for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 111 p.

URS Greiner, Inc., 1999, Phytoremediation closure report for 

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Keyport, Washington: Seattle, Wash., URS Greiner, Inc. 

for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Methods for 

chemical analysis of water and wastes—Office of Research 

chemical analysis of water and wastes: Washington, D.C., 

Office of Research and Development Report 

EPA 600/4-79-020, 552 p.

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175 rev. no. 2, Sample preparations and calculations 

for dissolved gas analysis in water samples using a GC 

headspace equilibration technique: U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency Test Methods, Region 1, 14 p., accessed 

October 2007, at http://www.epa.gov/region1/info/

testmethods/pdfs/RSKsop175v2.pdf.

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MS Capillary column technique, SW-846: Chap. 4.3.2: 

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Task Order 04.
Appendix A 11

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2009 

Geochemical Sampling

Quality assurance and control of geochemical sampling 

included the collection of duplicate and field blank samples 

for selected redox-sensitive analytes and volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs). A field blank was collected by pumping 

inorganic blank water and VOC-free water through new 

clean tubing to determine possible sampling contamination. 

Complete laboratory quality assurance and control data from 

Test America Laboratories is on file with the U.S. Geological 

Survey Washington Water Science Center in Tacoma, 

Washington.

Duplicate sample results compared favorably for all 

constituents (table A1). A duplicate sample was collected and 

analyzed by the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) 

for organic carbon, manganese, nitrate and nitrite, sulfate, 

and chloride for piezometer P1-7. The duplicate results for 

these constituents agreed with 12 percent. Duplicate samples 

were collected and analyzed for VOCs and methane, ethane, 

and ethene for well MW1-25 and piezometer P1-7 and the 

concentrations agreed within 62 percent. An additional 

duplicate for methane, ethane, and ethene was analyzed for 

well MW1-5 and the results agreed within 3 percent  

(table A1).

Manganese was detected at an estimated concentration 

of 0.002 mg/L in the blank sample (well MW1-39), which 

is small compared to filtered manganese concentrations in 

environmental samples that were measured at 0.01 mg/L or 

higher. No VOCs were detected in the field blank sample.

Table A1. Quality assurance data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 2009.

[Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; D denotes duplicate sample; FB denotes field blank sample. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; TCA, 

1,1,-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane, CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbezene, and xylene; CVOCs, 

sum of all chloroethenes and chloroethane concentrations shown in table. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligrams per liter; ND, not detected; mg/L, micrograms per 

liter; E, estimated. Symbols: <, actual value is less than the value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μ/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

111-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

CA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

MW1-25 06-17-09 <40 E7.3 1,600 49 240 E11 E19 <40 <40 <80 <40

MW1-25D 06-17-09 <40 <40 1,400 E39 220 – – <40 <40 <80 <40

P1-7 06-16-09 <2,000 40,000 92,000 3,900 10,000 140 1,100 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000

P1-7D 06-16-09 <2,000 39,000 77,000 E910 7,300 140 1,100 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000

MW1-5 06-16-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50 – – – –

MW1-5D 06-16-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50 – – – –

MW1-39 FB 06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <5.0 <5.0 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

Total

Dissolved 

oxygen

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved)

organic 

carbon

(mg/L)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

sulfide

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

BTEX

(μg/L)

CVOCs

(μg/L)

MW1-25 06-17-09 ND 1,900 0.1 <0.04 6.7 0.15 1.1 6.86 <0.01 5.1 <10 124

MW1-25D 06-17-09 ND 1,660 – – – – – – – – – –

P1-7 06-16-09 ND 146,000 .2 <.04 6.4 2.2 1.3 6.54 .01 6.6 16 53

P1-7D 06-16-09 ND 124,200 .2 <.04 6.4 2.2 1.4 6.58 .01 6.6 18 54

MW1-39 FB 06-17-09 ND ND – <.04 <.4 E.002 – <.18 – <.005 – <.12
12 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well 

purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; 

>, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1–3 06-09-99 0.8 0.4 – – – 0.07 <0.01 –

06-20-00 .2 .3 2.0 – 0.99 .08 <.01 13

06-12-01 – 4.0 2.3 1.1 1.1 .04 .02 14

06-10-02 2.7 .4 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 11

06-17-03 – 4.3 – 1.7 1.8 .09 .05 12

06-15-04 .2 .2 – 1.6 – .09 <.01 12

06-20-05 <.1 .1 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 15

06-12-06 <.1 .1 – 1.4 1.6 .11 <.01 14

06-18-07 – .6 – 1.8 1.1 .09 <.01 16

06-16-08 – .6 – 2.0 1.1 .10 <.01 18

06-15-09 <.1 .2 – 1.6 1.0 .12 .01 19

MW1–20 06-08-99 0.9 0.3 – – – 0.35 0.03 –

06-21-00 .4 <.1 2.2 – <.05 .24 .11 16

06-13-01 2.1 .2 3.0 1.4 <.05 .28 .01 20

06-12-02 >100R .1 – 1.4 <.05 .16 .01 17

06-17-03 .5 .2 – 1.7 <.06 .24 .05 18

06-15-04 .1 .9 – 1.6 – .23 .03 18

06-20-05 .1 .4 – 1.5 <.06 .25 .21 16

06-13-06 .1 .1 – 1.7 <.06 .21 .08 16

06-18-07 – .2 – 1.8 <.06 .21 .34 14

06-18-08 – 3.4 – 1.5 <.04 .19 .06 19

06-15-09 .1 .3 – 1.6 <.04 .19 .16 13

Northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 0.4 2.8R 7.0 – <0.02 0.18 0.24 7.5

04-16-97 .8 .4 – – .11 – 8.0 1.4

03-05-98 .2 .1 8.3 – – .39 12 –

10-09-98 .2 .5 – – – .08 .39 –

06-21-00 .1 .5 12 – <.05 .96 13 .9

06-11-01 .6 .7 13 12 <.05 .24 2.9 2.2

06-10-02 .4 .2 – 14 <.05 .37 7.3 1.7

06-17-03 .1 .1 – 10 <.06 .17 1.2 2.2

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 7.7 – .09 .38 2.0

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 9.5 <.06 .12 1.8 1.7

06-12-06 <.1 .2 – 8.5 <.06 .12 .8 1.9

06-19-07 .3 .1 – 6.8 E.05 1.3 .72 6.4

06-17-08 .2 .2 – 9.6 <.04 .13 1.4 1.3

06-15-09 <.1 .3 – 7.1 <.04 .10 .55 1.4
Table 2 13

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well 

purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; 

>, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 <0.01 – – 81 6.0 202 – –

06-20-00 <.01 0.02 – 82 5.9 205 180 8.4

06-12-01 <.01 .12 – 90 6.1 203 220 10

06-10-02 <.01 .06 140 80 5.8 182 400 9.7

06-17-03 – .02 80 – 6.0 199 200 10

06-15-04 <.01 .01 – 73 5.7 205 195 9.1

06-20-05 <.01 – <50 – 6.0 192 – 7.5

06-12-06 <.01 .004 40 – 5.5 243 136 7.0

06-18-07 .01 – 41 – 5.9 209 5.9

06-16-08 <.01 – 80 – 6.0 198 260 5.1

06-15-09 .01 .01 80 – 6.0 208 206 7.3

MW1-20 06-08-99 <0.01 – – 260 6.7 546 – –

06-21-00 <.01 0.01 – 240 6.8 530 79 14

06-13-01 <.01 .27 – 260 6.4 544 250 33

06-12-02 <.01 .06 97 250 7.0 701 180 29

06-17-03 – .09 90 – 6.3 491 290 32

06-15-04 <.01 .03 – 260 6.4 552 98 35

06-20-05 <.01 – 80 – 6.3 520 87 28

06-13-06 <.01 .03 60 – 6.3 574 70 31

06-18-07 <.01 – 40 – 6.8 508 7.2 25

06-18-08 – – 70 – 6.6 517 74 38

06-15-09 <.01 .05 45 – 6.5 481 – 24

Northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 <0.01 10 – 640 7.9 – – 43

04-16-97 .01 29 – 1,100 7.2 – – –

03-05-98 .06 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 .01 – – 660 7.7 1,080 – –

06-21-00 <.01 .39 – 590 7.0 1,070 -92 44

06-11-01 <.01 5.6 – 550 7.1 974 -110 50

06-10-02 <.01 14 77 520 7.7 835 -160 54

06-17-03 <.01 7.1 50 – 7.3 847 – 54

06-16-04 .03 1.8 18 – 7.0 843 -184 57

06-21-05 .02 - 20 – 7.1 827 -108 48

06-12-06 .01 3.4 10 – 7.4 787 -134 48

06-19-07 .04 1.7 18 – 7.3 753 -164 7.7

06-17-08 .01 5.4 11 – 7.4 737 – 40

06-15-09 .02 7.2 10 – 7.4 676 -162 44
14 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

MW1–2 09-17-96 0.5 2.4R 6.0 – <0.02 0.05 0.23 4.6

04-16-97 .7 .2 – – <.02 – .13 4.6

03-02-98 .3 – – – – – .16 –

10-07-98 .1 .1 – – – .05 .14 –

06-09-99 .9 .2 – – – .08 .09 –

06-21-00 .3 .1 6.0 – <.05 .06 .10 4.3

06-12-01 3.5 .3 5.3 5.0 <.05 .08 .29 5.4

06-11-02 >20R .1 – 45 <.05 .09 .27 4.2

06-18-03 .2 .1 – 6.0 <.06 .10 .29 4.3

06-17-04 .2 .2 – 6.7 – .10 1.0 4.3

06-22-05 <.1 <.1 – 20 <.06 .10 .44 4.4

06-12-06 .1 .1 – 5.9 <.06 .10 .76 3.7

06-19-07 .2 <.1 – 6.0 <.06 .11 .84 3.8

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 6.3 <.04 .11 .64 3.4

06-15-09 <.1 .3 – 6.3 <.04 .12 1.2 3.6

MW1–17 09-17-96 0.7 <0.1 23 – <0.02 1.3 62 4.3

04-16-97 .6 <.1 – – <.02 – 37 68

10-09-98 – <.1 – – – .80 56 –

06-22-00 1.2 <.1 11 – – 1.2 68 –

06-12-01 2.0–2.7 .4 9.2 8.0 <.05 1.2 48 12

06-17-04 2.5 <.1 – 7.5 – .68 >10 18

06-20-05 1.5 <.1 – 6.1 <.06 .43 27 7.8

06-20-07 1.0 <.1 – 8.1 <.06 .40 22 11

06-18-08 1.1 <.1 – 6.1 <.04 .33 17 7.3

06-15-09 .9 <.1 – 6.0 <.04 .49 8.5 8.1

MW1–41 06-09-99 1.0 0.3 – – – 2.2 60 –

06-21-00 1.2 .1 22 – <0.05 3.5 55 <0.3

06-11-01 2.0 .3 14 14 <.05 3.7 66 30

06-10-02 2.2 .8 – 20 <.05 3.6 52 .4

06-18-03 1.9 <.1 – 19 <.06 3.9 50 <.2

06-17-04 2.2 .1 – 19 – 4.0 57 <.2

06-20-05 .8 .1 – 17 <.06 3.9 73 <.2

06-12-06 .7 <.1 – 18 <.06 3.8 28 <.2

06-19-07 .4 <.1 – 20 <.06 3.8 66 <.18

06-16-08 .4 <.1 – 20 <.04 3.4 41 <.18

06-15-09 .3 .1 – 19 <.04 4.2 29 <.2

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 15

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

MW1-2 09-17-96 <0.01 1.2 – 510 6.9 – – 50

04-16-97 <.01 2.5 – 1,100 6.7 – – –

03-02-98 – – – – – – – –

10-07-98 <.01 – – 300 6.7 868 – –

06-09-99 <.01 – – 490 6.8 901 – –

06-21-00 <.01 .04 – 460 6.8 870 37 36

06-12-01 <.01 .78 – 470 6.5 853 27 48

06-11-02 <.01 .92 200 500 6.6 829 200 37

06-18-03 <.01 .98 160 – 6.4 870 62 41

06-17-04 – .33 50 – 6.6 858 - 40

06-22-05 <.01 – 75 – 6.3 720 -14 35

06-12-06 <.01 .50 115 – 6.5 815 -47 34

06-19-07 <.01 .26 45 – 6.4 820 -50 30

06-17-08 <.01 .43 40 – 6.6 797 26

06-15-09 .01 .77 45 – 6.6 814 -0.4 30

MW1–17 09-17-96 <0.01 8.9 – 760 6.5 – – 61

04-16-97 .02 23 – 1,200 6.6 – – –

10-09-98 .02 – – 510 6.4 1,740 – –

06-22-00 .02 2.8 – 450 6.5 1,260 -41 160

06-12-01 .01 9.4 – 500 6.5 1,200 -280 120

06-17-04 – .37 70 – 6.5 318 - 150

06-20-05 .04 – 80 – 6.3 563 -144 74

06-20-07 .03 2.9 55 – 6.5 635 -123 96

06-18-08 .04 5.5 26 – 6.6 551 -109 59

06-15-09 .03 8.3 40 – 6.3 523 -115 68

MW1–41 06-09-99 0.01 – – 860 6.6 1,260 – –

06-21-00 <.01 1.9 – 1,000 6.5 1,500 -75 8.3

06-11-01 .02 25 – 980 6.3 1,330 -89 9.9

06-10-02 .04 21 540 830 6.3 1,190 -68 7.9

06-18-03 .03 14 500 – 6.3 1,280 93 9.5

06-17-04 .02 7.4 450 – 6.1 1,300 -165 11

06-20-05 .01 – 500 – 6.4 1,300 – 8.7

06-12-06 .02 8.5 310 – 6.3 1,240 -103 8.4

06-19-07 .01 6.3 350 – 6.7 1,280 -124 8.7

06-16-08 .01 9.9 300 – 6.4 1,240 -93 11

06-15-09 <.01 18 400 – 6.2 1,200 -99 16

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
16 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

P1–1 06-09-99 0.7 0.4 – – – 4.0 59 –

06-11-02 1.4 <.1 – 17 <0.05 2.7 40 <0.1

06-18-03 1.5 <.1 – 18 <.06 3.4 32 <.2

06-17-04 1.9 .1 – 16 – 3.1 39 <.2

06-22-05 .6 <.1 – 15 <.06 3.1 68 <.2

06-12-06 .3 <.1 – 16 <.06 2.9 54 <.2

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 15 <.06 2.0 49 <.18

06-16-08 .6 .1 – 14 <.04 2.1 32 <.18

06-15-09 .5 <.1 – 11 <.04 2.3 38 <.2

P1–3 06-09-99 0.4 0.2 – – – 1.0 19 –

06-11-02 .3 <.1 – 45 <0.05 2.6 39 1.0

06-18-03 .3 .1 – 19 <.06 2.0 29 1.8

06-17-04 .7 <.1 – 21 – 2.8 >10 .55

06-22-05 .2 <.1 – 20 <.06 2.8 60 .38

06-12-06 .2 <.1 – 20 <.06 2.5 39 .2

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 22 <.06 2.5 40 .24

06-17-08 .9 <.1 – 23 <.04 2.9 32 <.18

06-15-09 .5 .2 – 20 <.04 3.0 2.6 E.1

P1–4 06-09-99 0.7 0.3 – – – 0.34 2.6 –

06-13-01 .1 .5 9.8 8.7 <0.05 .38 3.4 3.8

06-11-02 .2 .1 – 8.0 <.05 2.6 3.7 3.5

06-18-03 .2 .1 – 7.0 <.06 .43 4.1 4.0

06-17-04 .1 .1 – 7.6 – .42 3.0 4.0

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 6.7 <.06 .38 2.3 4.6

06-12-06 .1 <.1 – 6.8 <.06 .35 1.8 4.3

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 7.1 <.06 .35 3.2 4.7

06-16-08 <.1 <.1 – 7.7 <.04 .35 3.5 4.4

06-15-09 <.1 .6 – 7.5 <.04 .39 2.4 4.1

P1–5 06-08-99 3.0 0.3 – – – 3.1 72 –

06-10-02 1.7 .1 – 25 <0.05 2.6 62 <0.6

06-18-03 2.2 .1 – 24 <.06 3.1 54 <.2

06-17-04 2.1 <.1 – 23 – 3.1 >10 <.2

06-21-05 .8 .1 – 22 <.06 3.5 74 E.1

06-12-06 .8 <.1 – 21 <.06 3.6 66 E.1

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 22 <.06 3.2 48 <.2

06-16-08 1.0 <.1 – 21 <.04 3.6 44 <.2

06-15-09 .4 <.1 – 19 <.04 4.3 33 E.2

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 17

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

P1–1 06-09-99 <0.01 – – 930 6.4 1,350 – –

06-11-02 <.01 29 400 650 6.3 987 -80 9.3

06-18-03 .02 450 – 6.2 1,030 78 11

06-17-04 .02 3.7 430 – 6.0 987 -153 9.2

06-22-05 <.01 10 370 – 6.3 847 -72 7.1

06-12-06 .01 7.8 225 – 6.2 979 -108 7.2

06-19-07 .02 8.1 160 – 6.1 920 -139 5.7

06-16-08 .02 12 350 – 6.5 914 -76 4.4

06-15-09 .02 24 325 – 6.3 830 -99 3.7

P1–3 06-09-99 0.04 – – 730 6.8 1,470 – –

06-11-02 .03 24 400 820 6.4 1,340 -73 61

06-18-03 .03 – 350 – 6.4 1,400 73 90

06-17-04 <.01 5.7 330 – 6.5 1,350 – 57

06-22-05 .03 8.4 320 – 6.4 1,200 -88 68

06-12-06 .03 7.1 330 6 1,440 -152 51

06-19-07 .03 7.1 260 – 6.5 1,420 -136 55

06-17-08 .03 14 200 – 6.4 1,230 31

06-15-09 .03 18 180 – 6.2 1,220 -160 45

P1–4 06-09-99 0.02 – – 450 6.9 867 – –

06-13-01 <.01 0.93 – 390 6.6 761 -78 53

06-11-02 <.01 5.9 90 380 6.7 734 -86 56

06-18-03 .01 4.2 70 – 6.6 778 65 59

06-17-04 .02 1.8 60 – 6.4 782 -163 48

06-21-05 <.01 1.8 42 – 6.6 750 -83 47

06-12-06 <.01 1.7 32 – 6.4 823 -94 44

06-19-07 <.01 2.5 26 – 6.7 745 -99 44

06-16-08 .01 3.1 20 – 6.9 749 -86 40

06-15-09 .01 6.4 25 – 6.8 724 -100 39

P1–5 06-08-99 0.01 – – 850 6.2 1,320 – –

06-10-02 .02 23 400 730 6.2 1,200 -59 17

06-18-03 .02 18 650 – 6.2 1,150 65 16

06-17-04 – 5.8 450 – 6.4 1,160 - 14

06-21-05 .04 9.4 400 – 6.3 1,150 -65 13

06-12-06 .05 6.8 370 – 5.8 1,100 -106 9.9

06-19-07 .04 8.5 350 – 6.3 1,030 -104 9.3

06-16-08 .04 14 275 – 6.3 1,080 29 10

06-15-09 .12 22 500 – 6.3 1,050 -165 13

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; 

mV, millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than 

value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
18 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1–4 09-17-96 0.5 2.8R 2.0 – <0.02 0.28 1.8 7.1

04-16-97 .6 .4 – – .24 – <.01 8.6

03-03-98 1.7 .2 4.0 – – .10 .01 –

10-08-98 .2 .5 – – – – .28 –

06-07-99 .9 .1 – – – .20 1.2 –

06-22-00 .2 .1 8.6 – – .70 – 5.5

06-14-01 0.9–3.2 .5 2.9 2.5 .08 .54 1.6 5.4

06-13-02 2.4 .1 – 3.8 .08 .47 1.2 5.5

06-20-03 .8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .53 .22 5.7

06-18-04 .2 .1 – 2.7 – .61 .12 5.9

06-23-05 .3 .1 – .7 <.06 .14 .03 8.8

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 3.9 <.06 .79 .19 5.7

06-20-07 .1 <.1 – 1.4 <.06 .29 .23 7.5

06-18-08 <.1 .1 – 2.6 E.03 .42 .19 7.1

06-16-09 <.1 .4 – .8 <.04 .19 <.01 8.7

MW1–5 09-17-96 1.2 <0.1 15 – <0.02 1.6 19 6.4

04-16–97 .5 <.1 – – .08 – 3.1 2.8

03-04-98 .7 <.1 12 – – 1.3 4.5 –

10-08-98 2.4 <.1 – – – 1.5 11 –

06-08-99 .6 .3 – – – 1.2 31 –

06-22-00 – <.1 17 – – 1.5 39 6.4

06-13-01 .8 .3 10 9.6 .12 1.5 25 6.0

06-13-02 3.4 .5 – 11 .14 1.5 20 6.3

06-20-03 .1 .1 – 11 <.06 1.5 30 6.8

06-18-04 .1 .4 – 7.2 – 1.8 >10 5.6

06-22-05 <.1 <.1 – 8.2 .16 1.2 27 6.7

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 7.8 .08 1.3 14 6.0

06-20-07 .1 <.1 – 8.0 <.06 .10 21 1.7

06-18-08 <.1 .3 – 5.9 .15 1.0 16 7.3

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 8.3 .09 1.8 14 5.7

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 19

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1–4 09-17-96 <0.01 1.2 – 130 6.9 – – 15

04-16-97 <.01 .70 – 270 7.3 – – –

03-03-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 170 6.7 368 – –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 180 6.6 350 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .56 – 230 6.8 412 -26 19

06-14-01 <.01 3.7 – 180 6.5 360 -8 22

06-13-02 <.01 5.2 60 190 6.6 442 -14 20

06-20-03 <.01 3.7 40 – 6.7 324 – 17

06-18-04 <.01 1.1 50 – 6.0 320 91 23

06-23-05 <.01 – <10 – 7.9 203 45 7.3

06-13-06 .01 2.1 30 – 6.6 362 -1 20

06-20-07 <.01 .53 14 – 7.0 252 -58 11

06-18-08 <.01 1.7 12 – 7.2 279 15

06-16-09 <.01 .73 <10 – 7.7 250 -95 9.0

MW1–5 09-17-96 <0.01 2.4 – 410 6.7 – – 21

04-16–97 .03 18 – 1,400 6.6 – – –

03-04-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 410 6.4 1,740 – –

06-08-99 .01 – – 510 6.5 855 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.1 – 460 6.6 790 -80 19

06-13-01 .01 2.4 – 470 6.4 766 -70 12

06-13-02 .02 7.4 180 740 6.5 608 -77 9.6

06-20-03 .03 4.9 180 – 6.4 711 – 10

06-18-04 – 2.4 200 – 6.5 795 – 9.8

06-22-05 .02 - 70 – 6.3 520 -95 9.5

06-13-06 .02 1.9 50 – 6.5 603 -85 8.5

06-20-07 .03 1.1 100 – 6.5 603 -106 44

06-18-08 .01 1.8 100 – 6.6 562 – 8.4

06-16-09 .02 3.5 500 – 6.4 684 -110 11

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well 

purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; 

>, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
20 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

MW1–16 09-17-96 2.1 <0.1 480 – <0.02 3.9 130 0.2

04-16-97 .8 <.1 – – <.02 – 120 2.2

03-04-98 .7 .3 350 – – 18 100 –

10-08-98 9.6 <.1 – – – 5.4 180 –

06-07-99 6.8 .6 – – – >5 140 –

06-22-00 – .1 61 – – 1.9 60 1.2

06-14-01 1.7 .2 64 66 .33 2.4 56 1.1

06-13-02 4.6–7.6 .9 – 71 <.05 3.2 38 .4

06-20-03 2.2 .2 – 29 <.6 2.1 37 .6

06-22-04 – .1 – 36 – 2.1 >10 .1

06-23-05 .5 .1 – 20 <.06 2.0 66 .4

06-13-06 – .1 – 17 <.06 1.7 14 20

06-20-07 – <.1 – 18 <.06 1.8 44 9.7

06-18-08 .1 .1 – 17 <.04 2.2 28 10

06-16-09 – .2 – B <.04 2.6 44 88

P1–6 06-08-99 1.8 0.1 – – – 0.12 0.02 –

06-14-01 1.8 .2 34 34 0.23 .45 .95 4.9

06-13-02 1.6 <.1 – 26 <.05 .88 1.0 4.3

06-20-03 .3 .2 – 4.1 <.06 .08 .13 7.5

06-18-04 1.5 .1 – 10 – .11 1.0 7.2

06-23-05 .3 .1 – 5.8 <.06 .17 .15 6.3

06-13-06 1.1 .1 – 26 <.06 .91 1.4 3.4

06-20-07 .2 <.1 – 3.9 <.06 .08 .08 7.1

06-18-08 .2 .1 – 10 <.04 .15 .10 5.5

06-16-09 .1 .1 – 3.2 <.04 .08 .07 6.1

P1–7 06-08-99 1.2 0.1 – – – 0.61 2.1 –

06-22-00 – .1 19 – – 2.6 3.2 24

06-14-01 .2 .2 11 11 <0.05 2.3 2.0 18

06-14-02 .2 1.3 – 8.9 <.05 2.2 1.9 12

06-20-03 .1 .1 – 5.6 <.06 1.9 1.3 7.5

06-18-04 .1 <.1 – 6.9 – 2.4 2.0 9.8

06-22-05 <.1 .1 – 8.8 <.06 2.1 1.9 26

06-13-06 <.1 .5 – 7.6 <.06 2.0 1.8 20

06-20-07 .2 .1 – 5.7 <.06 2.1 1.2 6.0

06-18-08 <.1 <.1 – 6.7 <.04 2.1 1.3 6.9

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 6.4 <.04 2.2 1.3 6.5

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 21

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Southern Plantation—Continued

MW1–16 09-17-96 <0.01 4.3 – 1,400 6.5 – – 150

04-16-97 .06 29 – 1,800 6.5 – – –

03-04-98 .01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 1,600 6.3 3,370 – –

06-07-99 .01 – – 1,200 6.7 1,820 – –

06-22-00 .02 1.2 – 510 6.7 902 -130 43

06-14-01 .08 10 – 610 6.4 953 – 40

06-13-02 .04 24 270 700 6.5 1,400 -140 17

06-20-03 .06 9.7 240 – 6.5 835 – 6.8

06-22-04 .50 4.3 230 – 6.3 817 – 6.9

06-23-05 .12 – 225 – 6.6 767 -110 3.8

06-13-06 .06 3.0 70 – 6.7 737 -139 3.5

06-20-07 .13 2.1 190 – 6.4 763 -124 6.5

06-18-08 .08 3.3 40 – 6.4 770 -62 16

06-16-09 .45 8.8 80 – 6.4 880 -80 21

P1–6 06-08-99 0.04 – – 300 6.8 574 – –

06-14-01 .12 6.3 – 350 6.4 657 -38 47

06-13-02 .11 11 170 380 6.4 604 -11 37

06-20-03 .07 4.8 40 – 8.1 278 – 13

06-18-04 .10 .37 <10 – 8.6 268 – 18

06-23-05 .12 1.4 24 – 7.1 332 -53 24

06-13-06 .14 2.6 30 – 6.6 757 -85 35

06-20-07 .07 .38 16 – 8.3 249 -274 10

06-18-08 .07 2.2 <10 – 8.3 291 218 22

06-16-09 .06 2.2 <10 – 8.2 318 -133 16

P1-7 06-08-99 <0.01 – – 310 6.7 627 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.5 – 400 6.8 851 -35 55

06-14-01 <.01 4.0 – 320 6.5 666 -32 41

06-14-02 <.01 6.0 87 300 6.6 601 -41 60

06-20-03 <.01 4.8 50 – 6.6 498 – 42

06-18-04 <.01 1.7 40 – 6.7 613 – 56

06-22-05 <.01 2.3 37 – 6.5 637 -20 55

06-13-06 <.01 2.1 – – 6.6 639 -60 49

06-20-07 <.01 2.4 12 – 6.6 494 -57 43

06-18-08 <.01 3.8 14 – 6.7 556 -19 49

06-16-09 .01 6.6 16 – 6.7 566 -62 53

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well 

purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; 

>, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
22 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1–8 06-07-99 1.8 <0.1 – – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-14-01 .7 .1 5 4.7 0.06 .16 .22 0.1

06-13-02 .6 .3 – 8.8 <.05 .21 .38 .3

06-20-03 .6 .1 – 2.3 <.06 .09 .12 .4

06-18-04 .3 .4 – 3.0 – .13 .01 .4

06-23-05 .2 .2 – 14 <.06 .12 .12 <.2

06-13-06 .3 <.1 – 3.2 <.06 .14 .02 .4

06-20-07 .3 .1 – 3.9 <.06 .15 .14 <.18

06-18-08 .1 <.1 – 4.1 <.04 .15 .16 .38

06-15-09 .2 <.1 – 3.5 <.04 .17 .02 .34

P1–9 06-08-99 19 0.3 – – – 0.90 0.03 –

06-22-00 – .1 10 – – .69 .20 6.6

06-14-01 6.7 .1 2.3 1.7 <.05 .19 .05 7.6

06-13-02 – .6 – 9.8 <.05 1.2 .42 5.6

06-20-03 .2 .1 – 3.7 <.06 .24 <.01 7.0

06-18-04 .2 .1 – 4.0 – .26 .14 7.3

06-23-05 <.1 .1 – 1.4 <.06 .11 .01 8.7

06-13-06 4.4 .2 – 9.6 <.06 1.4 .33 5.3

06-20-07 .2 .1 – 4.5 <.06 .28 .13 7.04

06-18-08 .1-.5 <.1 – 10 <.04 .17 .07 7.89

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 6.0 <.04 .60 .15 5.4

P1–10 06-07-99 0.7 0.3 – – – 0.10 0.11 –

06-22-00 – <.1 7.2 – – .07 .25 <.3

06-13-01 2.0 .2 3.0 4.2 <.05 .07 .20 .06

06-12-02 .3 .1 – 3.5 <.05 .05 .41 <.1

06-19-03 .2 .1 – 3.5 <.06 .42 .34 2.6

06-18-04 .1 .1 – 3.5 – .58 .35 <.2

06-22-05 .1 .1 – 3.3 <.06 .74 .24 <.2

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 3.4 <.06 .92 .15 <.2

06-20-07 E.1 <.1 – 4.2 <.06 .10 .31 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 <.1 – 4.2 <.04 .12 .23 <.18

06-15-09 .1 .1 – 4.0 <.04 .24 .28 <.2

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 23

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Southern Plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 0.01 – – 210 7.6 381 – –

06-14-01 .02 6.9 – 200 7.0 363 -73 18

06-13-02 .02 11 40 104 6.9 482 -46 35

06-20-03 <.01 9.6 <10 – 7.2 285 – 3.3

06-18-04 .01 1.7 <10 – 7.4 336 -218 5.9

06-23-05 <.01 3.4 <10 – 7.5 308 -147 4.2

06-13-06 <.01 4.5 <10 – 7.5 332 -124 8.0

06-20-07 <.01 6.6 9 – 7.5 348 -149 5.9

06-18-08 <.01 7.9 <10 – 8.0 358 -136 8.7

06-15-09 <.01 10 <10 – 7.9 356 -164 6.7

P1-9 06-08-99 <0.01 – – 270 6.6 680 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.7 – 250 6.8 548 -17 59

06-14-01 <.01 1.4 – 200 7.8 289 -120 14

06-13-02 <.01 7.5 91 280 6.5 601 17 71

06-20-03 .01 2.5 27 – 7.0 353 – 23

06-18-04 <.01 .71 35 – 6.7 330 -97 26

06-23-05 <.01 .02 <10 – 8.3 202 22 12

06-13-06 .01 3.2 37 – 6.6 728 -9 112

06-20-07 <.01 1.4 10 – 7.4 325 -110 31

06-18-08 <.01 .74 <10 – 7.6 235 – 28

06-16-09 <.01 6.7 14 – 6.8 507 -27 72

P1-10 06-07-99 <0.01 – – 300 6.7 560 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.3 – 290 7.1 500 -19 15

06-13-01 <.01 4.9 – 290 7.2 476 -24 15

06-12-02 <.01 18 51 270 6.8 438 8 14

06-19-03 <.01 8.2 30 – 6.6 425 – 16

06-18-04 <.01 .33 45 – 6.3 422 -69 9.5

06-23-05 <.01 .71 40 – 6.6 420 4 11

06-13-06 <.01 6.3 29 – 6.6 437 -15 26

06-20-07 <.01 6.1 15 – 6.3 391 -21 15

06-18-08 <.01 4.7 11 – 6.8 358 14 7.3

06-15-09 <.01 3.4 35 – 6.7 406 -6.1 6.6

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well 

purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; 

>, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
24 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1–25 09-17-96 0.4 2.7R 7.4 – 0.14 0.16 0.74 16

04-17-97 .8 .1 – – <.02 – .88 15

03-05-98 .3 .3 7.9 – – .20 .73 –

10-05-98 .2 .1 – – – .19 .99 –

06-22-00 .4 .2 6.5 – – .16 .80 13

06-12-01 2.8–4.3 .2 7.1 6.8 <.05 .16 .99 13

06-14-02 0.7–2.4 .1 – 6.2 <.05 .18 1.1 9.7

06-19-03 .3 .1 – 6.5 <.06 .18 1.1 11

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 6.2 – .17 1.0 10

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 5.9 <.06 .16 1.0 9.5

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 6.3 <.06 .14 .97 8.1

06-18-07 .2 <.1 – 6.6 <.06 .14 .87 7.1

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 6.4 <.04 .13 .86 6.9

06-17-09 .2 .1 – 6.7 <.04 .15 1.1 6.9

MW1–28 09-16-96 0.3 2.1R 7.2 – <0.02 0.20 1.0 48

04-17-97 1.0 <.1 – – .04 – .99 51

03-05-98 .4 .5 7.7 – – .20 .67 –

10-07-98 .6 <.1 – – – .19 1.0 –

06-22-00 .3 <.1 13 – – .16 .66 44

06-12-01 4.1–5.7 .5 10 6.9 <.05 .16 .90 45

06-14-02 >100R .1 – 7.0 <.05 .16 .92 39

06-19-03 2.5 .1 – 6.8 <.06 .16 .66 39

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 5.9 – .18 <.01 36

06-21-05 .1 .2 – 6.3 <.06 .16 .98 37

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 6.1 <.06 .16 .78 35

06-18-07 .1 <.1 – 6.7 <.06 .16 .87 33

06-17-08 .1 <.1 – 7.1 <.04 .15 .85 33

06-17-09 .1 .2 – 6.5 <.04 .16 .96 33

MW1–38 10-09-98 – 0.1 – – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-20-00 0.1 .2 5.6 – <0.05 .08 .10 2.3

06-12-02 1.4 <.1 5.0 – <.05 .08 .42 2.9

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 4.9 – .06 .04 1.2

06-24-05 .3 .1 – 4.4 <.06 .06 .09 3.3

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 2.4 <.06 .01 .05 1.0

06-21-07 .2 .6 – 4.7 <.06 .04 .04 3.1

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 5.0 <.04 .04 .03 2.5

06-17-09 .1 .4 – 4.5 <.04 .05 .1 3.4

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 25

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96 <0.01 3.6 – 360 7.1 – – 140

04-17-97 <.01 7.9 – 1,000 7.0 – – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-05-98 <.01 – – 450 6.9 1,240 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .79 – 380 6.9 1,230 -49 170

06-12-01 <.01 4.7 – 440 6.7 1,180 -36 160

06-14-02 <.01 7.0 83 370 6.7 1,030 -60 170

06-19-03 <.01 8.1 65 – 6.7 1,180 -17 170

06-16-04 <.01 1.4 40 – 7.1 1,210 – 160

06-21-05 <.01 2.1 33 – 6.9 1,150 -9 160

06-14-06 <.01 2.4 27 – 6.9 1,090 -71 140

06-18-07 <.01 1.3 27 – 6.6 1,040 -152 140

06-17-08 <.01 2.8 35 – 6.9 1,040 -45 140

06-19-09 – 5.1 <10 – 6.5 923 -100 124

MW1–28 09-16-96 <0.01 1.7 – 350 – – – 380

04-17-97 <.01 5.3 – 1,100 7.4 – – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-07-98 .02 – – 320 6.6 2,630 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .45 – 480 7.3 2,460 -87 510

06-12-01 <.01 4.1 – 480 7.4 2,200 -220 490

06-14-02 <.01 3.9 40 470 7.2 2,580 -110 460

06-19-03 <.01 1.7 32 – 7.1 2,440 -40 490

06-16-04 <.01 .77 21 – 7.2 2,280 – 450

06-21-05 <.01 1.0 23 – 6.9 2,210 -124 472

06-14-06 .01 .83 21 – 7.0 2,110 -127 443

06-18-07 .02 .67 25 – 7.1 2,060 – 430

06-17-08 <.01 1.5 13 – 7.1 2,080 -112 420

06-17-09 <.01 2.2 <10 – 7.2 1,860 -104 415

MW1–38 10-09-98 0.02 – – 310 7.8 1,460 – –

06-20-00 .03 0.10 – 300 7.8 1,240 -130 230

06-12-02 .04 1.1 7.7 310 7.6 1,350 -160 230

06-16-04 .03 .13 11 – 7.4 1,130 – 200

06-24-05 .03 .05 <10 – 7.7 1,210 -116 230

06-14-06 <.01 .41 <10 – 7.5 1,120 -55 62

06-21-07 .05 .31 9.0 – 7.4 1,190 -114 230

06-17-08 .02 .32 <10 – 7.7 1,140 -43 220

06-17-09 .03 .77 <10 – 7.7 1,140 -150 214

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; 

mV, millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than 

value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
26 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; 

mV, millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of 

inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than 

value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen (nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered (total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered nitrate 

+ nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1–39 09-16-96 0.6 2.0R 4.4 – <0.02 0.02 <0.01 0.7

04-17-97 4.5 <.1 – – <.02 – .05 13

03-03-98 .3 .3 3.7 – – .10 .03 –

10-09-98 .5 <.1 – – – <.01 .04 –

06-07-99 1.0 .3 – – – .10 .02 –

06-20-00 .5 .1 2.4 – <.05 .01 .07 .2

06-12-01 1.4 .3 3.4 3.3 <.05 .01 <.01 .1

06-12-02 >30R <.1 – 2.8 <.05 .01 .10 .1

06-19-03 1.8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .01 <.01 1.2

06-16-04 2.0 .1 – 2.4 – .01 .05 .1

06-14-06 .7 .1 – 4.5 <.06 .05 .05 1.7

06-21-07 1.0 <.1 – 2.3 <.06 .01 .04 .98

06-17-08 1.8 .6 – 2.7 <.04 .01 .04 1.0

06-17-09 1.8 .4 – 2.0 <.04 <.01 <.01 1.0
Table 2 27

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2009.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009). Prior to 

2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved 

hydrogen concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. 

Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, 

millivolt. Symbols: B, sample bottle broken; E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate 

well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1–39 09-16-96 0.04 1.6 – 140 – – – 85

04-17-97 .06 6.1 – 360 7.9 – – –

03-03-98 .05 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 .07 – – 170 8.1 502 – –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 180 8.0 512 – –

06-20-00 .08 .41 – 180 8.0 481 -130 61

06-12-01 .05 2.7 – 170 7.8 472 -130 61

06-12-02 .06 4.8 2.4 180 7.9 464 -120 60

06-19-03 .05 5.4 <10 – 7.7 456 32 58

06-16-04 .07 .72 <10 – 7.4 451 -216 58

06-14-06 .06 1.2 <10 – 8.0 461 -138 210

06-21-07 .05 1.3 <10 – 7.7 453 -195 60

06-17-08 .06 1.9 <10 – 7.9 451 -163 59

06-17-09 .04 3.2 <10 – 8.0 450 -184 56
28 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.12

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-12-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-13-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-16-04 <20 <20 130 130 730 E10 50

06-12-06 – – – – – E21 61

06-19-07 – – – – – E9.0 E38

06-17-08 – – – – – E47 110

06-15-09 – – – – – E19 E95

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – – 0.26

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <50 E12 630 E13 110 6.0 E1.1

06-12-06 – – – – – 5.0 <5.0

06-19-07 – – – – – E4.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – 7.0 E.70

06-15-09 – – – – – E10 <25

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – – <0.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.68 E0.23 E0.48 E2.0 <5.0

06-20-07 – – – – – E11 <50

06-18-08 – – – – – E17 E13

06-15-09 – – – – – E21 <250

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – – <0.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.27 <1.0 E0.23 E10 <100

06-12-06 – – – – – <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 – – – – – <120 <120

06-15-09 – – – – – <250 <250

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 29

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

Northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-16-04 <20 E11 <40 <20 ND 880

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 760

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 E3.1 E1.4

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E1.7 <1.0 E.27 E2.2

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
30 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 11 6.1 <1.0 <4.0 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <.20 .20 .10 <.20 – –

06-18-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.30 <1.0 <1.0 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 E29 E8.6

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.16 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.18 <1.0 <2.0 <250 <250

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 <2.0 <500 <500

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 35 450 20 120 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <.20 53 4.3 72 – –

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 15 2.4 41 E33 E27

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 E44 E30

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 4.6 1.2 16 E35 E21

06-19-07 <1.0 <1.0 1.8 1.0 15 E42 E27

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.17 E.31 E.67 E64 E20

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.73 E.71 5.8 E60 <500

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 160 4,800 56 540 – –

06-13-01 <20 <20 4,900 46 652 – –

06-11-02 <.20 1.2 3,600 41 640 – –

06-18-03 <100 <100 3,200 E42 440 – –

06-17-04 <130 <130 2,300 E29 370 E7.0 E29

06-21-05 <67 <67 2,100 E30 360 E7.0 E20

06-12-06 <50 <50 1,600 E24 280 E6.0 E19

06-19-07 <40 <40 15,00 E24 280 E11 E29

06-16-08 <50 <50 1,600 E24 750 E14 E29

06-15-09 <40 <40 1,300 E34 350 E21 E50

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 440 400 4.0 11 – –

06-10-02 <.20 <.20 .30 .80 .40 – –

06-18-03 <25 <25 E7.8 <25 <25 – –

06-17-04 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 23 <10

06-21-05 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E23 <100

06-12-06 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E16 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – E19 <100

06-16-08 <50 <50 <50 <50 <100 E45 <100

06-15-09 <20 <20 <20 <20 <40 E25 <250

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 31

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 M <4.0 <2.0 18 17

06-11-02 <.20 0.50 <.20 <.20 6.8 .80

06-18-03 <1.0 M <2.0 <1.0 4.0 E.30

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 4.4 ND

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 3.5 .35

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.1 ND

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.9 E.18

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.5 E.19

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 <16 4.0 <16 ND 630

06-11-02 <.20 .60 9.9 .20 3.3 140

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <1.0 E.38 6.9 <1.0 2.4 66

06-22-05 <1.0 E.31 2.6 <1.0 2.3 50

06-12-06 <1.0 E.32 4.4 <1.0 2.2 26

06-19-07 <1.0 E.42 5.6 <1.0 2.2 24

06-17-08 <1.0 E.24 9.1 <1.0 3.9 10

06-15-09 <1.0 E.26 6.4 <1.0 2.3 14

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 5,600

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 5,600

06-11-02 <.20 <10 .80 9.9 1.1 4,300

06-18-03 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 3,700

06-17-04 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 2,700

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,500

06-12-06 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,900

06-19-07 <40 <40 <80 <40 66 1,800

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,400

06-15-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,680

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 <13 15 <13 47 470

06-10-02 <.20 .30 21 <.20 18 23

06-18-03 <25 <25 E19 <25 ND E27

06-17-04 <10 <10 23 <10 E4.5 23

06-21-05 <10 <10 21 <10 8.2 21

06-12-06 <10 <10 E14 <10 E4.2 E14

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND ND

06-15-09 <20 <20 E19 <20 ND E19

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
32 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – – 12

06-18-04 <1,000 32,000 15,000 <1,000 1,600 E32 200

06-13-06 – – – – – E39 200

06-20-07 – – – – – 6.0 32

06-18-08 – – – – – 30 120

06-16-09 – – – – – 5.0 28

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.26 E0.29 <1.0 E0.74 E7.0 <50

06-13-06 – – – – – E9.0 E30

06-20-07 – – – – – E3.0 <25

06-18-08 – – – – – E6.0 E7.2

06-15-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – – 70

06-22-04 <10 <10 E2.3 E4.2 E2.2 E38 E33

06-13-06 – – – – – E23 E6.8

06-20-07 – – – – – E24 E18

06-18-08 – – – – – E19 E6.3

06-16-09 – – – – – E53 <250

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 74 16,000 170 5,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 370 16,000 220 9,900 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 3,700 170 5,100 – –

06-20-03 <50 470 1,100 E39 1,300 – –

06-18-04 <20 <20 220 E11 570 7.0 210

06-22-05 <130 <130 4,200 E90 2,900 E30 590

06-13-06 <100 <100 300 E77 770 82 1,300

06-20-07 <8.0 <8.0 84 E5.4 140 7.0 180

06-18-08 <200 <200 8,800 E130 9,700 57 720

06-16-09 <100 180 3,900 E93 2,600 E40 450

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 26,000 35,000 210 3,100 – –

06-22-00 3.6 27,000 44,000 220 3,800 – 68

06-14-01 <20 26,000 37,000 190 4,000 – –

06-14-02 <20 37,000 62,000 400 5,700 – –

06-20-03 <2,000 28,000 35,000 <2000 2,800 – –

06-18-04 <3,300 37,000 61,000 <3300 5,100 E36 520

06-22-05 <2,000 28,000 59,000 E330 5,000 E45 480

06-13-06 <2,000 24,000 43,000 <2000 3,800 E44 400

06-20-07 <2,000 33,000 44,000 E320 4,000 E47 460

06-18-08 <2,000 38,000 65,000 E370 14,000 88 850

06-16-09 <2,000 40,000 92,000 3,900 10,000 140 1,100

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 33

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 49,000

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.36 3.0 <1.0 E0.92 E1.6

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-22-04 <10 590 290 <10 367 890

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 1,500 300 <400 E87 23,000

06-14-01 <20 4,800 600 12 88 32,000

06-13-02 <20 4,300 1,400 <20 63 15,000

06-20-03 <50 380 270 <50 ND 3,600

06-18-04 <20 200 88 <20 ND 1,100

06-22-05 <130 370 400 <130 ND 8,000

06-13-06 <100 1,200 2,600 <100 E68 5,000

06-20-07 <8.0 69 78 <8.0 E1.4 380

06-18-08 <200 400 1,200 <200 E46 20,000

06-16-09 <100 130 310 <100 ND 7,200

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 <670 <1,300 <670 ND 64,000

06-22-00 .24 17 8.4 72 75,000

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 44 ND 67,000

06-14-02 <20 14 <20 64 ND 105,000

06-20-03 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 66,000

06-18-04 <3,300 <3,300 <6,700 <3,300 ND 103,000

06-22-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 92,000

06-13-06 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 71,000

06-20-07 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 81,000

06-18-08 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 117,000

06-16-09 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 146,000

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
34 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1-8

 

06-07-99 <710 190 25,000 210 3,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 810 8,600 62 4,200 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 24,000 190 7,700 – –

06-20-03 <10 230 31 <10 E7.0 – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 2.7 <1.0 23 <50 E4.2

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 7.0 <1.0 21 <50 <50

06-13-06 <20 <20 620 E4.0 58 <50 E9.5

06-20-07 <4.0 E2.4 29 <4.0 41 <100 E13

06-18-08 <10 <10 160 <10 280 E6.0 E16

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 97 <5.0 120 <250 <250

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 48,000 88,000 470 7,200 – –

06-22-00 E5.0 88,000 64,000 320 5,800 – 37

06-14-01 <40 29,000 7,300 32 450 – –

06-13-02 <20 90,000 79,000 590 7,900 – –

06-20-03 <1,000 60,000 27,000 <1,000 1,800 – –

06-18-04 <1,300 50,000 23,000 <1,300 2,100 16 200

06-23-05 <20 230 700 E3.2 97 <5.0 E4.0

06-13-06 <5,000 74,000 140,000 E850 10,000 66 1,200

06-20-07 <1,000 55,000 40,000 E200 4,200 32 340

06-18-08 <400 9700 13,000 E80 2,000 12 160

06-16-09 <2,500 62,000 100,000 E1,100 8,700 100 1,300

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 14,000 34,000 270 2,500 – –

06-22-00 1.0 8,700 13,000 100 2,300 – 2.3

06-13-01 <20 6,600 12,000 68 1,800 – –

06-12-02 <20 4,600 7,000 55 2,000 – –

06-19-03 <400 2,300 9,400 <400 1,100 – –

06-18-04 <200 1,600 3,900 <200 890 E12 E46

06-23-05 <100 1,100 3,000 E29 700 E3.0 7.0

06-13-06 <1,000 2,200 27,000 E160 2,500 E19 E53

06-20-07 <500 1,500 14,000 E130 1,700 E24 E34

06-18-08 <200 490 5,800 E60 1,100 E20 E23

06-15-09 <20 250 1,000 34 140 E11 E18

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 35

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1-8

 

06-07-99 <710 <710 <1,400 <710 ND 29,000

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 14,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 16 ND 32,000

06-20-03 <10 E4 <20 <10 ND 270

06-18-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 26

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 28

06-13-06 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 680

06-20-07 <4.0 <4.0 <8.0 <4.0 ND 72

06-18-08 <10 <10 <20 <10 ND 440

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 <10 <5.0 ND 220

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 144,000

06-22-00 <10 E2.6 <20 47 22 158,000

06-14-01 <40 <40 <40 <40 ND 37,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 54 11 178,000

06-20-03 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 89,000

06-18-04 <1,300 <1,300 <2,700 <1,300 ND 75,000

06-23-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,000

06-13-06 <5,000 <5,000 <10,000 <5,000 ND 225,000

06-20-07 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 99,000

06-18-08 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 25,000

06-16-09 <2,500 <2,500 <5,000 <2,500 ND 172,000

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 51,000

06-22-00 <.10 1.2 E.10 16 8.6 24,000

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 11 ND 20,000

06-12-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 14,000

06-19-03 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 13,000

06-18-04 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 6,400

06-23-05 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 4,800

06-13-06 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 32,000

06-20-07 <500 <500 <1,000 <500 ND 17,000

06-18-08 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 7,400

06-15-09 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,400

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
36 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – – 5.8

06-14-02 <20 276 1,830 31 278 – –

06-19-03 <67 E14 1,800 E34 210 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E5.0 E15

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,700 E30 220 E6.0 E13

06-14-06 – – – – – E7.0 E14

06-18-07 – – – – – E4.0 E8.1

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,700 E28 510 E9.0 E15

06-17-09 <40 E7.3 1,600 49 240 E11 E19

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – – 2.6

06-14-02 <20 69 1,600 72 700 – –

06-19-03 <50 <50 1,200 68 470 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E4.0 26

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,500 84 650 E4.0 E22

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 E18

06-18-07 – – – – – E3.0 E15

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,400 64 930 E6.0 28

06-17-09 <40 <40 1,400 84 730 E6.0 E35

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.57

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-21-07 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – M <5.0

06-17-09 – – – – – <25 <25

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 0.30 <0.50 1.0 – –

06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.26

06-12-01 – – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.60 <1.0 1.0 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 <50

06-21-07 – – – – – <25 <25

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.53 <1.0 3.0 <20 <20

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.42 <1.0 2.1 <50 <50

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 37

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,400

06-19-03 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,100

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 1,900

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,200

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,900

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,400

06-19-03 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,700

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,200

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,400

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 2,900

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-17-09 – – – – – –

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.0

06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-01 – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.6

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 3.5

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND E.42

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2009.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer No: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, 

vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but 

not quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
38 Groundwater Geochemical and Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2009

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2 Report Title

Huffman and Dinicola—Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, OU1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Keyport, Washington, June 2009—Data Series 644