Page 1 GAO-14-615R Military Training

441 G St. N.W.

Washington, DC 20548

July 14, 2014

Congressional Committees

Military Training: Observations on Efforts to Prepare Personnel to Survive Helicopter 

Crashes into Water

Although military helicopter water crashes are rare, when they do occur they often result in 

casualties. From 2003 through 2013, the Department of Defense (DOD) recorded 22 crashes of 

military helicopters into the water, resulting in 55 fatalities and 22 injuries. Specifically, the Army 

reported 8 water crashes resulting in 14 fatalities and 7 injuries, the Navy reported 8 crashes 

resulting in 18 fatalities and 10 injuries, and the Marine Corps reported 6 crashes resulting in 23

fatalities and 5 injuries. Each military service and U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM)1

requires its personnel to complete helicopter water-egress training to teach personnel to escape 

from helicopters that crash in water. The Army, Navy, Air Force, and SOCOM each operate their 

own training program.2 The Marine Corps requires its pilots and crew members to complete the 

Navy’s water-egress training. Prior to 1999, the Navy provided training for all the military 

services, but due to scheduling conflicts and a desire to reduce travel costs, the Army, Air 

Force, and SOCOM developed their own programs, as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: Timeline of the Development of Helicopter Water-Egress Training Programs

 

1

SOCOM provides funding for the Allison Aquatic Training Facility—a helicopter water-egress training facility at Fort 

Campbell, Kentucky, used to provide training to Army special operations personnel. U.S. Army Special Operations 

Command is responsible for nonfiscal matters related to operation, training, and sustainment at the facility. For the 

purposes of our review, we refer to the Allison Aquatic Facility training as SOCOM training.

2

Army regulations require water-egress training for all Army personnel flying single-engine aircraft or multiengine 

aircraft without single-engine capability that conduct overwater operations beyond gliding distance of land, or that 

perform deck landing operations; however, Army officials told us that all helicopter pilots and crew members receive 

this training. Army Regulation 95-1, Flight Regulations, section 8-12(f)(3) (Nov. 12, 2008) (AR 95-1). Air Force 

guidance requires Air Force pilots and flight engineers—among others—to attend water-egress training. Air Force 

Instruction 16-1301, Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) Program, section 2.2.2.3 (Sept. 6, 2006)

(AFI 16-1301). Navy guidance requires aeronautically designated personnel to complete water-egress training. Navy 

officials told us that aeronautically designated personnel include helicopter pilots and crew members. Office of the 

Chief of Naval Operations Instruction 3710.7U, NATOPS General Flight and Operating Instructions, section 8.4.6 

(Mar. 1, 2004) (OPNAVINST 3710.7U).
Page 2 GAO-14-615R Military Training

The House Report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20143

mandated that GAO assess DOD’s helicopter water-egress training. This report (1) identifies

any differences and similarities among the military services’ and SOCOM’s water-egress 

training programs for helicopter pilots and crew members and (2) assesses whether these

training programs have the capacity to meet current and future helicopter water-egress training 

requirements.

To identify any differences and similarities among the military services’ and SOCOM’s wateregress training programs, we analyzed military guidance, curriculum documentation, graduation

and training data for fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013, and other documents, and 

determined the key characteristics of each program. We focused our review on domestic wateregress training programs and facilities that trained helicopter pilots and crew members. 

Consequently, we did not include overseas facilities or facilities operated by the Marine Corps.4

We interviewed officials from each of the military services and SOCOM and observed training at 

their primary water-egress training locations. During these visits we observed the condition of 

the training facilities and implementation of the training. We sought to determine the costs 

associated with these training programs, but the services and SOCOM cannot estimate the total 

cost of their helicopter water-egress programs. Officials told us they were unable to estimate 

these costs because their programs may be included as part of broader training programs and 

in some cases funds are not allocated specifically for providing water-egress training. 

To assess whether the training programs have the capacity to meet current and future 

helicopter water-egress training requirements, we collected graduation data for the training

programs for fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013.5 We then compared the total number of 

training spaces available for each program with graduation data for fiscal year 2013, the most 

recent full year of data at the time of our review.

6 We calculated the number of training spaces

by multiplying the number of water-egress classes by the maximum number of students able to 

participate in each class. We discussed with service and SOCOM officials the overall capacity of 

their training programs and reviewed existing training contracts. We also collected service and 

SOCOM future training requirements data for fiscal year 2014 through fiscal year 2018. We 

assessed the reliability of enrollment, graduation, and training requirements data by reviewing 

the data for outliers, reviewing documentation where available, and interviewing officials to 

understand the processes used to collect the data. We determined that the graduation data and 

training requirements data were reliable for the purposes of our report—that is, to provide 

context for the approximate number of graduates and training spaces available, and needed, for 

water-egress training. Finally, we spoke with service and SOCOM officials about the potential 

effect of consolidating their helicopter water-egress programs.

 3

H.R. Rep. No.113-102, at 128-129 (2013).

4

We excluded the Army’s facility in Korea because it has not been operational since September 2013 and is not 

scheduled to resume training until early 2016. We excluded the Marine Corps’ four training facilities because they 

provide training to ground forces, which is outside the scope of this review.

5

We collected data starting in fiscal year 2009 because that was the first full year of data that were available for the 

Army, Navy, Air Force, and SOCOM. 

6

Our review of the services’ and SOCOM’s enrollment data found them unreliable for our analysis because these 

data in some cases double-counted students and in other cases did not include students who participated in the 

water-egress classes while enrolled in other programs. We determined that graduation data provided the most 

reliable estimate of student throughput for these programs. 
Page 3 GAO-14-615R Military Training

We conducted this performance audit from October 2013 to July 2014 in accordance with 

generally accepted government auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and 

perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to provide a reasonable basis for our 

findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives. We believe that the evidence obtained 

provides a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit objectives.

Results in Brief

The military services and SOCOM have similar water-egress training programs and similar 

facilities and equipment, but each organization has specialized training capabilities that it uses

to meet specific training needs. For example, Army, Navy, Air Force, and SOCOM training 

facilities each contain at least one pool and hoists for moving egress simulators.7 The services 

and SOCOM use similar equipment, such as egress simulators, egress trainers, and emergency 

breathing devices, and similar approaches in their initial water-egress training. Although the 

programs are similar, some have specialized training capabilities. For example, the Army and 

SOCOM use helicopter-specific simulators to more closely replicate helicopters flown by their 

personnel, and SOCOM uses special equipment to simulate difficult environmental conditions,

such as wind and waves. Officials also stated that the tasks they require students to complete to 

graduate from initial training vary by organization. For example, SOCOM requires its students to 

complete extra repetitions that require students to escape from different exits in the simulator 

and to practice escaping in different environmental conditions. Additionally, the Navy and Air 

Force use active-duty personnel as instructors, while the Army and SOCOM use contractors. 

Finally, the Army, Navy, and SOCOM require students to complete continuation training every 4 

years and require students to train in both egress trainers and egress simulators. In contrast, 

the Air Force requires pilots and crew members to complete continuation training every 3 years, 

but requires students to train only in egress trainers and not in egress simulators.

Our analysis found that the military services and SOCOM are meeting their current training 

needs and have additional training capacity to meet future requirements with their current 

contracts, facilities, and equipment. According to service and SOCOM officials, they have 

trained all pilots and crew members requiring training through the end of fiscal year 2013. From 

fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013, the services and SOCOM trained about 37,500 

personnel. Our analysis found that in fiscal year 2013, the services and SOCOM used 

approximately 40 percent of their available training spots in graduating about 7,000 students. 

The military services and SOCOM anticipate needing to train about 6,000 pilots and crew 

members per year through fiscal year 2018. Given current training capacities, which are 

expected to remain stable, and estimated future requirements, our analysis indicates that the 

services and SOCOM should be able to meet training requirements through fiscal year 2018, 

while maintaining additional capacity should requirements unexpectedly increase significantly. 

Officials agreed with our assessment and stated that their programs can meet estimated training 

requirements with the contracts, facilities, and equipment already in place. Given the unused 

capacity we identified, we discussed with service and SOCOM officials the potential for 

consolidating their programs to reduce costs. Sufficiently detailed cost data were not available 

for us to quantify any cost savings that might be achieved by consolidation. However, we 

recognize that any potential savings could be limited if facilities are kept for other training 

purposes; moreover, any potential savings could be offset by increased travel costs as students 

 7

Egress simulators simulate the interior and exterior of a helicopter and are used to teach students how to exit a 

crashed and submerged helicopter. Egress trainers simulate the interior of a helicopter—including an exit, seatbelt, 

and window—so that students can practice the steps involved in exiting a submerged helicopter,
Page 4 GAO-14-615R Military Training

would have to travel to other service facilities. Officials also stated that consolidation could 

disrupt other training programs. We are not making any recommendations in this report.

The Services and SOCOM Provide Similar Training, but Each Has Specialized 

Capabilities 

Water-Egress Programs Use Similar Facilities, Basic Equipment, and Training Approaches

Military service guidance requires selected helicopter pilots and crew members to complete 

water-egress training.8 To help personnel meet this requirement, the services and SOCOM 

provide water-egress training at 11 domestic training locations, as shown in figure 2.

Figure 2: Military Service and U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) Domestic 

Helicopter Water-Egress Training Sites

Each facility contains at least one pool and hoists9

 8

AR 95-1, section 8-12(f)(3); AFI 16-1301, section 2.2.2.3; OPNAVINST 3710.7U, section 8.4.6.

for moving egress simulators. For detailed 

information about these training facilities see enclosure I. Additionally, the services and 

9

The Army and the Air Force have overhead beam hoists, positioned near the roofs of their facilities, which use a 

motorized trolley to move egress simulators from one area to another. The Navy and SOCOM use pedestal hoists, 

attached to their pool decks, which include booms that pivot to move simulators in and out of their pools.
Page 5 GAO-14-615R Military Training

SOCOM use similar basic equipment such as egress simulators, egress trainers, and 

emergency breathing devices, as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: Helicopter Water-Egress Training Equipment 

The services’ and SOCOM’s initial water-egress training courses use a similar approach to 

training. Officials stated that the services and SOCOM use an iterative approach in their initial 

water-egress training course, whereby each step builds on the previous step. In general, the 

programs include the following activities:

• Classroom training—to cover topics such as the hazards of overwater flight, the use of 

emergency breathing devices, medical risks of using compressed air underwater,

physiological and psychological factors associated with water-egress, and safe methods 

of exiting from a helicopter underwater.

• Swim test—to be administered before the practical exercises in the pool to assess 

students’ abilities to swim, tread water, and float.

• Emergency breathing device training—to teach students how to clear regulators on 

compressed-air bottles and breathe underwater. 

• Egress trainer exercises—to familiarize students in shallow water with the steps involved 

in exiting a submerged helicopter and with the experience of being upside-down and 

underwater. 

• Egress simulator exercises—to teach students how to escape from a submerged 

helicopter while coping with the disorientation resulting from being turned upside-down. 

Students must practice escaping both while holding their breath and while using 

emergency breathing devices. 

Training Programs Have Specialized Capabilities to Meet Specific Training Needs

Although the services and SOCOM operate similar training programs, they also have 

specialized training capabilities such as different equipment, different types of instructors, and 

different graduation requirements for initial water-egress training and continuation training. The 

services and SOCOM use specialized tools such as simulators that replicate the helicopters 

flown by their personnel and equipment to mimic difficult environmental conditions. For 

example, the Army’s AH-64 Apache simulator allows students to practice jettisoning the 

helicopter’s canopy during egress. SOCOM’s H-6 Little Bird simulator allows students to sit in 
Page 6 GAO-14-615R Military Training

realistic flying positions, including seats on the side of the helicopter. SOCOM uses equipment 

that simulates environmental conditions students could encounter during a helicopter crash, 

such as strong winds, rain, and waves.10 SOCOM officials stated that simulating environmental 

conditions enhances the realism of their training. For photographs of these pieces of equipment 

and more information on their capabilities, see enclosure II.

Service and SOCOM officials stated that they obtained instructors with the expertise needed to 

teach water-egress classes from different sources. The Navy and the Air Force use active-duty 

personnel from the Naval Survival Training Institute and the Air Force Survival, Evasion, 

Resistance, and Escape school as water-egress instructors. Army and SOCOM officials stated 

they did not have personnel with the needed skills to teach water-egress classes, and thus

contracted with an outside company to obtain this expertise. 

The tasks the services and SOCOM require students to complete to graduate from initial wateregress training and continuation training vary by organization. The Air Force requires its 

students to complete four repetitions on the egress simulator, including repetitions in which 

students hold their breath, use compressed air, and wear blackout goggles. SOCOM requires its 

students to complete eight repetitions. In the additional repetitions, students are required to 

escape through a door or window on the opposite side of the trainer, and to escape under 

simulated environmental conditions—tasks that are not required by the Air Force.11 The

services and SOCOM offer water-survival training that covers topics such as survival swimming

formations, the use of life rafts, and helicopter rescue, but the Army and the Navy require their 

students to complete that training to graduate from initial water-egress training. Table 1 shows 

the graduation requirements for each service’s and SOCOM’s initial water-egress course. 

Table 1: Differences between Initial Water-Egress Courses

Characteristic Army Navya Air Force

U.S. Special Operations 

Command (SOCOM)

Course duration (Hours) 8 13.75 to 14.25 9 15.9

Number of egress trainer repetitions 4 2 4 5 

Number of egress simulator repetitions 7 5 4 8 

Water-survival training requirement? Yes Yes Nob Noc

Source: GAO analysis of military service and SOCOM data. | GAO-14-615R

a

The Navy trains Marine Corps pilots and crew members through its water egress training program.

b

The Air Force teaches water survival in a separate course.

c

Students in SOCOM’s initial training course participate in water survival training but do not have to pass it to complete the course.

The services and SOCOM also require students to complete continuation training at different 

times and to complete different tasks during training. For example, the Air Force requires its 

students to complete continuation training every 3 years, while the Army, Navy, and SOCOM 

require their students to complete the training every 4 years. Additionally, the Army, Navy, and 

SOCOM programs all include classroom training, emergency breathing device training, and 

training on an egress trainer and egress simulator; the Air Force requires students to complete 

training in the classroom and with emergency breathing devices and egress trainers but it does 

not require students to complete continuation training on an egress simulator. Air Force officials 

 10This equipment includes items such as wave generators, heavy-duty fans to simulate high winds, strobe lights to 

simulate lightning, water spray and injection systems to simulate rain, speakers to replicate combat sounds, and 

searchlights.

11Air Force students may complete a repetition involving escape from an exit on the other side of the simulator, but 

they are not required to do so as part of the Air Force’s initial water-egress training course.
Page 7 GAO-14-615R Military Training

told us that they deliver continuation training at the unit level utilizing an egress trainer rather 

than at Fairchild Air Force Base where the Air Force’s egress simulator is located. 

Water-Egress Training Programs Have Capacity to Meet Current Needs and Future 

Requirements with Current Contracts, Facilities, and Equipment

On the basis of our analysis, the military services and SOCOM are meeting their current training 

needs and have additional training capacity to meet future requirements with their current 

contracts, facilities, and equipment. According to service and SOCOM officials, they have 

trained all pilots and crew members requiring training through the end of fiscal year 2013. From 

fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013, the services and SOCOM trained about 37,500 

personnel. These included required pilots and crew members as well as personnel expected to 

be helicopter passengers.12 For example, in fiscal year 2013, the Navy trained 2,842 helicopter 

pilots and crew members required to receive the training, and it provided helicopter wateregress training to 1,514 other personnel. Figure 4 shows the number of graduates from each 

training program from fiscal year 2009 through 2013.

Figure 4: Number of Graduates by Military Service and Fiscal Year for Classes Involving 

a Water-Egress Simulator

a

This figure counts graduates from the Army’s initial helicopter water-egress class and recertification class, but does not account for 

students that completed repetitions in an egress simulator as part of other training programs. b

This figure counts graduates from the Navy’s indoctrination and refresher helicopter water-egress classes, but does not account for 

students that completed repetitions in an egress simulator as part of other training programs.

Our analysis found that the services and SOCOM have a number of unfilled training spaces in 

their water-egress classes, showing that these programs have enough spots to meet both

current training needs and estimated future requirements. For example, in fiscal year 2013, the 

services and SOCOM graduated about 7,000 students, or about 40 percent of the services’ and 

SOCOM’s available training spots.13

 12Service officials told us that their programs will train personnel other than pilots or crew members as required by 

unit commanders and the combatant commands. These personnel may include ground forces or high-ranking 

officials. 

The military services and SOCOM anticipate needing to 

train about 6,000 pilots and crew members per year through fiscal year 2018. Given current 

training capacities, which are expected to remain stable, and estimated future requirements, the 

services and SOCOM should be able to meet training requirements through fiscal year 2018, 

while maintaining additional capacity should requirements unexpectedly increase significantly. 

13We calculated the services’ and SOCOM’s training capacity by counting the number of times courses requiring 

students to use a water-egress simulator were offered in a given year and then multiplying that number by the 

maximum number of students who can enroll in the class. For example, in fiscal year 2013 the Army completed 243 

initial and recertification classes, which can train up to 20 students per session. Consequently, the Army was able to 

train up to 4,860 students; however, it graduated 1,680 students, or about 35 percent of its maximum capacity for that 

year. 
Page 8 GAO-14-615R Military Training

Officials agreed with our assessment and stated that their programs can meet estimated training 

requirements with the contracts, facilities, and equipment already in place. Additionally, service 

and SOCOM officials stated that because their programs currently have unused capacity they 

have the ability to absorb additional training volume if the demand for helicopter water-egress 

training were to unexpectedly increase. 

Given the unused capacity we identified, we discussed with service and SOCOM officials the 

potential for consolidating these programs to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Sufficiently 

detailed cost data were not available for us to quantify any cost savings that might be achieved 

by consolidation. However, we recognize that any potential savings would be limited if the 

services and SOCOM needed to maintain their training facilities for other purposes, and any 

potential consolidation savings could be offset by increased travel costs as students traveled to 

other facilities. Officials stated that consolidation would not result in significant cost savings and 

could disrupt other training programs. Specifically, officials stated that the services and SOCOM 

would incur increased costs as a result of consolidation because students would have to travel 

to receive training, thereby incurring transportation, hotel, and per diem expenses. Additionally, 

officials stated that consolidation is unlikely to reduce facility costs because in many cases the 

services and SOCOM offer multiple training programs at the same location, which would 

prevent them from closing facilities. Finally, officials said that because they operate separate 

training programs, they can achieve efficiencies by including water-egress training as part of 

other, longer training programs. Consequently, if they were to consolidate their programs it 

could disrupt these other programs.

Agency Comments

We provided a draft of this report to DOD for review and comment. DOD did not provide written 

comments to include in the report. Additionally, the services provided technical comments, 

which we incorporated as appropriate.

- - - - -

We are sending copies of this report to the appropriate congressional committees and to the 

Secretary of Defense. In addition, this report is also available at no charge on the GAO website 

at http://www.gao.gov. 

Should you or your staff have any questions, please contact me at (404) 679-1816 or 

pendletonj@gao.gov. Contact points for our Offices of Congressional Relations and Public 

Affairs may be found on the last page of this report. Key contributors to this report were Michael 

Ferren, Assistant Director; James Ashley; Tobias Gillett; Sharon Reid; Amie Steele; Sabrina 

Streagle; Cheryl Weissman; and Alex Winograd.

John H. Pendleton

Director, Defense Capabilities and Management

Enclosures – 2
Page 9 GAO-14-615R Military Training

List of Committees

The Honorable Carl Levin

Chairman

The Honorable James Inhofe

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

United States Senate

The Honorable Richard J. Durbin

Chairman

The Honorable Thad Cochran

Ranking Member

Subcommittee on Defense

Committee on Appropriations

United States Senate

The Honorable Howard P. "Buck" McKeon

Chairman

The Honorable Adam Smith

Ranking Member

Committee on Armed Services

House of Representatives

The Honorable Rodney Frelinghuysen

Chairman

The Honorable Pete Visclosky

Ranking Member

Subcommittee on Defense

Committee on Appropriations

House of Representatives
Page 10 GAO-14-615R Military Training

Enclosure I: Water-Egress Training Facility Characteristics

The military service and U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) water-egress training 

facilities serve similar purposes but vary based on age, pool size, and the types of hoists used 

to lift training simulators into and out of the pools. The facilities each contain at least one pool 

ranging in size from 816 square feet to 4,685 square feet; have either an overhead beam or a 

pedestal-style hoist;

14 and range in age from 2 to 50 years old. The Air Force’s water-egress 

training program shares its pool with Fairchild Air Force Base’s Morale, Welfare, and Recreation 

program.15 The other services and SOCOM maintain facilities dedicated to training. Table 2 

describes the water-egress training facilities operated by the military services and SOCOM. 

Table 2: Helicopter Water-Egress Training Facilities Operated by the Military Services and U.S. Special 

Operations Command (SOCOM)

Location

Age of pool 

facility (years)

Pool size 

(square feet)

Pool shared 

with base? Hoist type

Army

Fort Rucker, Alabama 12a 1,200 No Overhead beam

Air Force

Fairchild Air Force Base, 

Washington

2 4036.5 Yes Overhead beam, bridge 

crane

Navyb

Pensacola, Florida 12 4,538.5

Nod Pedestal-style

Cherry Point, North Carolina 12 4,500

Jacksonville, Florida 32 4,100

Lemoore, California 24/26c 846/1,706c

San Diego, California 33/50c 816/3,454c

Norfolk, Virginia 11 4,685

Patuxent River, Maryland 10 4,538

Oak Harbor, Washington 10 4,685

SOCOM

Fort Campbell, Kentucky 6a 1500 No Pedestal-style

Source: GAO analysis of military service and U.S. Special Operations Command data. | GAO-14-615R

a

The Army and SOCOM provided the month and year that their facilities were built, so we have rounded the ages of these to the 

nearest year. The Navy and Air Force provided the ages of their facilities in years. b

The Navy trains Marine Corps pilots and crew members through its water-egress training program. c

The Navy’s Lemoore and San Diego locations each contain two pool facilities. d

The Navy’s pools are owned by the Naval Survival Training Institute and are used to provide other water-survival courses in 

addition to water egress.

 14Overhead beam hoists are positioned near the roofs of facilities and use a motorized trolley to move egress 

simulators from one area to another. Pedestal hoists are attached to the pool decks and include booms that pivot to 

move simulators in and out of the pool. 

15The Morale, Welfare, and Recreation program provides food, fitness, lodging, recreation, and other services to Air 

Force personnel.
Page 11 GAO-14-615R Military Training

Enclosure II: Specialized Water-Egress Training Equipment

The military services and U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) use a common set of 

equipment when providing their required helicopter water-egress training, as well as specialized 

equipment adapted to their individual training requirements, including emergency breathing 

devices, egress trainers, and egress simulators. Table 3 shows the specialized training 

equipment the services and SOCOM have also acquired, to meet their organizational training 

requirements.

Table 3: Specialized Military Service and U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) Helicopter WaterEgress Training Equipment

Organization Equipment Purpose

Army AH-64 Apache 

Simulator

Simulator designed to replicate an AH-64 Apache helicopter and intended to 

train Apache pilots and crew on a replica of their specific helicopter.

Air Force Environmental 

conditions simulation 

equipment 

Equipment that simulates conditions such as waves, wind, rain, thunder, 

lightning, and combat sounds and intended to provide more realistic wateregress and water-survival training.

Navy Problem-Solving 

Trainer

Device consisting of a structure containing a hatch, handles that will open 

the hatch, metal reference bars, and a lap belt that is intended to train 

students to operate exit release handles underwater and develop their 

confidence in operating underwater.

Customized Egress 

Trainer

Egress trainer that can be configured to match specific aircraft and that 

permits operation of exit release handles during egress training.

SOCOM H-6 Little Bird Egress 

Simulator

Simulator designed to replicate the H-6 Little Bird helicopter and intended to 

enable students to train on a replica of their specific helicopter.

Environmental 

conditions simulation 

equipment 

Equipment that simulates conditions such as waves, wind, rain, thunder, 

lightning, and combat sounds and intended to provide more realistic wateregress and water-survival training.

Source: GAO analysis of military service and U.S. Special Operations Command data. | GAO-14-615R

Figures 5 through 7 portray the specialized equipment employed by the military services and 

SOCOM.
Page 12 GAO-14-615R Military Training

Figure 5: AH-64 Apache Modular Egress Training Simulator and H-6 Little Bird Modular 

Egress Training Simulator

Figure 6: Wave Generator with Two High-Speed Fans and Shallow Water Initial Memory 

Mechanical Exit Release Device
Page 13 GAO-14-615R Military Training

Figure 7: Modular Shallow Water Egress Trainer

(351875)
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