U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 871

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, July 2013

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected 

Volatile Organic Compound Data, Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, July 2013

By R.L. Huffman

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Data Series 871

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014

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Suggested citation:

Huffman, R.L., 2014, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 871, 46 p., 

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds871.

ISSN 2327-638X (online)
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1

Sample Collection and Analysis..................................................................................................................6

Selected Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................................7

Geochemical Data ...............................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compounds...............................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations beneath the Phytoremediation 

Plantations.......................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer..........................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................8

References Cited............................................................................................................................................9

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Quality Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2013 Geochemical 

Sampling ..........................................................................................................................................46

Figures

1. Map showing location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.......................................................................2

2. Map showing locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural 

attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in groundwater beneath the

9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington....................................................................................................................4

Tables

1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels at Operable Unit 1, Naval

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013 ..........................................5

2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013 ......12

3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples

from monitoring wells and piezometers and passive-diffusion samplers collected

by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,

Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013 .............................................................................30
iv

Conversion Factors and Datums

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to SI

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2) 

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25 °C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27).
Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, July 2013

By R.L. Huffman 

Abstract

Previous investigations indicate that concentrations 

of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are 

substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill 

at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey has 

continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that 

conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as 

specified in the Record of Decision for the site.

This report presents groundwater geochemical and 

selected CVOC data collected at Operable Unit 1 by the U.S. 

Geological Survey during July 9–18, 2013, in support of longterm monitoring for natural attenuation. Groundwater samples 

were collected from 13 wells and 9 piezometers, as well as 

from 10 shallow groundwater passive-diffusion sampling 

sites in the nearby marsh. Samples from all wells and 

piezometers were analyzed for oxidation-reduction (redox) 

sensitive constituents and dissolved gases. Samples from all 

piezometers and four wells also were analyzed for CVOCs, as 

were all samples from the passive-diffusion sampling sites. 

In 2013, concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents 

measured at all wells and piezometers were consistent with 

those measured in previous years, with dissolved oxygen 

concentrations at all except an upgradient well 0.2 milligrams 

per liter or less; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant 

dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly 

detected sulfide. In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation 

in 2013, CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar 

to those measured in previous years, and concentrations of 

the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene 

were slightly lower or the same as concentrations measured 

in 2012. In the upper aquifer of the southern plantation, 

CVOC concentrations measured in piezometers during 2013 

continued to be variable as in previous years, and often very 

high, and reductive dechlorination byproducts were detected 

in two of the three wells and in all but one piezometer. 

Beneath the marsh adjacent to the southern plantation, 

chloroethene concentrations measured in 2013 continued to 

vary spatially and temporally, and also were very high. Total 

CVOC concentrations, at what have been historically the most 

contaminated passive-diffusion sampler sites (S-4, S-4B, S-5, 

and S-5B) remained elevated. For the intermediate aquifer in 

2013, concentrations of reductive dechlorination byproducts 

ethane and ethene and CVOCs were consistent with those 

measured in previous years.

Introduction 

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) have 

migrated to groundwater beneath a former 9-acre landfill at 

Operable Unit 1 (OU 1) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center 

(NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The NUWC is on a 

small peninsula in Kitsap County, Washington, in an extension 

of Puget Sound called Liberty Bay (fig. 1). The former landfill 

is on the narrow strip of land connecting the peninsula to the 

mainland and is adjacent to tidal flats that are an extension of 

Liberty and Dogfish Bays. The OU 1 landfill was constructed 

in a former marshland and was the primary disposal area for 

domestic and industrial waste generated by NUWC Division 

Keyport from the 1930s through 1973.

Groundwater beneath OU 1 is within a series of aquifers 

that are composed of permeable sand, gravel, or fill materials 

separated by finer grained silt or clay layers. Volatile organic 

compound (VOC) contamination at OU 1 is only in about 

the top 60 ft of the unconsolidated deposits in the four 

hydrogeologic units—the unsaturated zone, the upper aquifer, 

the middle confining unit, and the intermediate aquifer. 

Groundwater in the unconfined upper aquifer generally flows 

from the east to the west toward Dogfish Bay. Groundwater in 

the predominantly confined intermediate aquifer flows toward 

the landfill from the south and from the west, and then flows 

northwest beneath the landfill toward Dogfish Bay (Dinicola 

and others, 2002). Two perennial freshwater creeks drain the 

marsh adjacent to the landfill and discharge into the tide flats 

of Dogfish Bay.
2 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

tac14-0910_fig01

SR

308

BROWNSVILLE SR

303

HIGHWAY

37' 122°36'30"

T.

26

N.

T.

25

N.

122°38'20" 38' 37'30"

42'

30"

47°

42'

40"

42'

47°

41'

10"

41'

30"

R.1 E.

1,000 2,000 3,000 FEET

0 900 METERS

0

300 600

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

Location of figure 2

WASHINGTON

Seattle

Bremerton

Figure

location

L I B E R T Y

B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

Pond

Marsh

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

Figure 1. Location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington.
Introduction 3

CVOCs are in the upper and intermediate aquifers and 

in surface water at OU 1. The predominant contaminants in 

groundwater beneath OU 1 are the chloroethene compounds—

trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and 

vinyl chloride (VC). Less common contaminants include 

tetrachloroethene (PCE), trans-1,2dichloroethene (transDCE), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE); and the chloroethane 

compounds—1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), 1,1-dichloroethane 

(1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA). A need 

for remedial action was identified because some of the 

contaminants present a potential risk to humans, primarily 

through drinking contaminated groundwater or through 

ingesting seafood harvested from contaminated surface water 

(URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). The U.S. Navy planted two 

hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill (fig. 2) in spring 1999 

to remove and control the migration of CVOCs in shallow 

groundwater. The landfill between the plantations is covered 

with pavement, although the area north of the northern 

plantation is permeable.

The U.S. Navy began a cooperative effort with the 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1995 to evaluate the 

effectiveness of natural attenuation processes for removing 

and controlling the migration of CVOCs in groundwater 

at OU 1. Field and laboratory studies from 1996 through 

2000 demonstrated that biodegradation of CVOCs in 

shallow groundwater at OU 1 was substantial (URS 

Consultants, Inc., 1997; Bradley and others, 1998; Dinicola 

and others, 2002). In 1998, a remedy was developed 

for contaminated groundwater at OU 1 that included 

phytoremediation and on-going natural attenuation processes 

to remove and control the migration of CVOCs in shallow 

groundwater (URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). In 1999, the 

U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations in two 

areas on the landfill where contaminant concentrations in 

groundwater were exceptionally high (fig. 2) (URS Greiner, 

Inc., 1999). The U.S. Navy regularly monitored contaminant 

concentrations in groundwater and surface water, along with 

tree health and water levels, to determine the effectiveness 

of phytoremediation (CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc., 2002, 

2003, 2004, 2005). The USGS has monitored geochemistry 

and contaminant concentrations in groundwater and surface 

water annually from 2001 through 2013 to evaluate reductionoxidation (redox) conditions and CVOC biodegradation.

This report presents groundwater geochemical and 

selected CVOC data collected by the USGS at OU 1 during 

July 9–12, 2013, and July 18, 2013, in support of the longterm monitoring for natural attenuation. The USGS collected 

groundwater samples from 13 wells and 9 piezometers during 

2013 (table 1 and fig. 2), and concentrations of various 

geochemical constituents used to determine redox conditions 

were determined in all samples. Concentrations of VOCs 

also were determined by the USGS in samples collected 

from the 9 piezometers and 4 intermediate aquifer wells, and 

in samples from 10 passive diffusion sampling sites in the 

nearby marsh bordering the southern landfill. During previous 

years, passive-diffusion samplers were buried directly in 

sediment beneath the marsh stream. In 2012, passive-diffusion 

samplers were deployed in newly installed access tubes 

immediately adjacent to the landfill side of the marsh creek. 

This was repeated again in 2013. For comparison to previous 

data, passive-diffusion samplers also were buried directly in 

sediment beneath the marsh at three of the sites during 2013.
4 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

tac14-0910_fig02

Keys Road

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

Bradley Road

Shapely Road

SR

308

SR

303

Tide flats

Pond

Marsh

Landfill

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

(NUWC)

50 100 150 200 250 METERS

200

0

0 400 600 800 FEET

122°37'20"

T.

26

N.

R.1 E.

122°37'40" 30"

47°

42'

41'

50"

47°

41'

40"

MW1-22

MW1-30

PZ1-5

MW1-23

MW1-24

1MW-4

MW1-36

MW1-37

MW1-39

MW1-38

MW1-32

MW1-21

MW1-29

MW1-40

MW1-25

MW1-28

MW1-9

PZ1-2

PZ1-4

MW1-7

MW1-31

MW1-27 MW1-11

MW1-33

N-1

N-2 N-3

N-4

N-5

N-7 N-6

N-8

C-1

C-2

C-3

S-1

S-5

S-5B

S-4

S-4B

S-3

S-3B

S-2

S-2B

S-6

PZ1-3

1MW-5

MW22-7

MW1-19

MW1-18

MW22-6

MW1-3

MW1-17

1MW-1 MW1-15

MW1-2

PZ1-1

Private

Well 1

Private

Well 2

MW1-10

MW1-14

MW1-41

P1-1

P1-2

P1-3

MW1-6 MW1-35

MW22-5

MW3-5

MW22-1

MW1-20

MW22-2 MW1-8

P1-4

P1-5

P1-6

P1-7

P1-8

P1-9

P1-10

MW1-5

MW1-16

MW1-4

MW1-1

DB-14

TF19

MA09

MA11

MA10

MA-12

MA13

SW-S6

Passive-diffusion sampler

Data-collection sites—sampled

in July 2013 are black, 

not sampled are gray

Surface water 

EXPLANATION

NUWC, Division Keyport 

Former landfill

Phytoremediation plantation

Surface water

Approximate location of former

waste paint and solvent

disposal area

Monitoring well or

piezometer in upper aquifer

Monitoring well or piezometer

in intermediate aquifer

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

P1-1

MW1-28

S-2

MA12

Figure 2. Locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile 

organic compounds in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.
Introduction 5

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 2013.

[Well or piezometer site No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. USGS site No.: Unique number for each site based on latitude and longitude of the site. 

First six digits are latitude, next seven digits are longitude, and final two digits are a sequence number to uniquely identify each site. Altitudes of groundwater 

levels and measuring points are given in feet above or below (-) North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Altitude of measuring point: Water levels in wells 

are usually reported as depths below land surface, although the measuring point can be any convenient fixed place near the top of the well. For these wells and 

piezometers, the measuring points are marked points on the tops of well casings—they vary from being near the land surface to a few feet above land surface. 

The altitude of the measuring point is commonly recorded so that static water levels also can be reported as altitudes. Abbreviations: USGS, U.S. Geological 

Survey; VOC, volatile organic compound; ft, foot; ft bls, feet below land surface; ft bmp, feet below measuring point; in., inch; –, not measured]

Well or 

piezometer 

site No.

USGS site No. Date and time 

measured

Groundwater 

level altitude 

(ft)

Groundwater 

level

(ft bmp)

Altitude of 

measuring 

point

(ft)

Depth of 

well

(ft bls)

Casing 

diameter

(in.)

Screened 

interval

(ft bls)

VOCs 

sampled 

by USGS

1MW-1 474151122373201 07-12-13 1150 3.75 6.31 10.06 16.5 2 5.5–15.5 No

MW1-3 474152122372501 07-09-13 1100 9.69 3.86 13.55 11.5 4 5.5–10.5 No

MW1-2 474153122373101 07-09-13 1250 2.27 9.62 11.89 18.5 4 12.5–17.5 No

MW1-4 474145122372801 07-10-13 1140 5.39 6.81 12.2 13.0 4 7–12 No

MW1-5 474146122373201 07-10-13 1120 4.23 8.85 13.08 12.0 4 6–11 No

MW1-16 474146122372801 07-10-13 1320 5.34 7.49 12.83 12.0 2 6–11 No

MW1-17 474150122373201 07-12-13 1135 6.12 5.82 11.94 16.5 2 7.5–12.5 No

MW1-20 474145122372501 07-09-13 1020 6.1 4.34 10.44 16.0 2 10–15 No

MW1-25 474154122373201 07-11-13 1350 2.13 9.78 11.91 49.0 2 38–48 Yes

MW1-28 474153122373301 07-11-13 1326 -0.8 11.03 10.23 45.0 2 39–44 Yes

MW1-38 474156122373701 07-11-13 1440 -0.57 10.46 9.83 59.0 2 44–49 Yes

MW1-39 474157122373701 07-11-13 1400 -0.63 10.42 9.85 33.7 2 27.7–32.7 Yes

MW1-41 474152122372901 7/9/2013 1405 6.75 8.46 15.21 15.0 2 5–15 No

P1-1 474153122372801 07-09-13 1330 5.85 8.51 14.36 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-3 474153122373102 07-09-13 1210 3.44 9.35 12.79 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-4 474152122373101 07-09-13 1220 4.46 8.09 12.55 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-5 474152122372801 07-09-13 1320 6.11 8.95 15.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-6 474146122373001 07-10-13 1220 5.18 7.58 12.76 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-7 474145122373101 07-10-13 1100 5.12 7.00 12.12 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-8 474147122372801 07-10-13 1330 5.78 6.28 12.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-9 474145122372901 07-10-13 1215 5.23 6.68 11.91 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-10 474145122372601 07-10-13 1240 5.23 5.63 10.86 15.0 1 10–15 Yes
6 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Sample Collection and Analysis

Water-level measurements and sample collection, 

processing, and field analyses during 2013 were in accordance 

with applicable USGS procedures as described in the National 

Field Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). 

Redox-sensitive analyte measurements and concentrations that 

were determined for samples from 13 wells and 9 piezometers 

included dissolved oxygen (DO), filtered organic carbon 

(referred to as dissolved organic carbon, DOC), filtered nitrate 

plus nitrite, filtered manganese, filtered ferrous iron (iron (II)), 

filtered sulfate, unfiltered sulfide, dissolved methane, dissolved 

carbon dioxide, pH, specific conductance, and filtered 

chloride. Field measurements of dissolved hydrogen were not 

collected in 2013 because an operable reduced-gas analyzer 

was unavailable. Concentrations of CVOCs and other VOCs 

were determined for samples from all 9 piezometers in the 

northern and southern landfills, 4 intermediate aquifer wells, 

and from all 10 passive-diffusion sampling sites in the marsh. 

Complete VOC analytical results (including data qualifiers) 

are available from the USGS National Water Information 

System (U.S. Geological Survey, 2013). Concentrations 

of dissolved gases ethane, ethene, and methane also were 

determined for samples from all wells and piezometers.

After measuring depth to water, all well and piezometer 

samples were collected with a peristaltic pump and single-use 

polyethylene tubing. Samples were collected after about three 

casing-volumes of water were purged from the wells and after 

allowing field measurements of pH, specific conductance, and 

DO to stabilize to within 0.1 unit, 3 percent, and 0.3 mg/L, 

respectively. Field measurements were monitored using a 

flow-through chamber and a Yellow Springs Instruments 

(YSI®) 600XLM or 6920 V2 data sonde. The sonde was 

calibrated prior to use, as described in the National Field 

Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, chaps. A6 

and A8). The specific conductance sensor was calibrated daily 

with standard reference solutions (1,000 μS/cm and checked 

with solutions ranging from 250 to 750 μS/cm); the pH sensor 

was calibrated daily with two pH standards (7 and 10 and 

checked against pH 4 buffer solution); and the DO sensor 

was calibrated daily using the air-saturated water method 

and occasionally verified with zero-DO solution. Dissolvedoxygen analyses were confirmed for most samples using 

0–1 mg/L CHEMets Rhodazine- D® colorimetric vacuum 

ampoules (manufactured by CHEMetrics®, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia).

Concentrations of iron (II) were measured in field 

samples filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter using 

a colorimetric 1,10-phenanthroline indicator method and a 

Hach Model 2010 spectrophotometer following Hach Method 

8146 (Hach Company, 1998; adapted from American Public 

Health Association, 1980). Sulfide concentrations were 

measured in the field with a colorimetric methylene-blue 

indicator method using a spectrophotometer immediately after 

collection, according to Hach Method 8131 (Hach Company, 

1998; procedure is equivalent to U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency method 376.2 [U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, 1983]). Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) 

concentrations were measured in the field using Titret®-

Sodium hydroxide titrant with a pH indicator (manufactured 

by CHEMetrics®, Inc., Calverton, Virginia). 

Samples for analysis of nitrate plus nitrite, sulfate, and 

chloride concentrations were filtered through a 0.45-μm 

membrane filter into polyethylene bottles, chilled, and 

sent to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory 

(NWQL) in Lakewood, Colorado. Chloride and sulfate 

were analyzed using ion chromatography as described by 

Fishman and Friedman (1989). Nitrate plus nitrite were 

analyzed colorimetrically by enzymatic reduction as described 

by Patton and Kryskalla (2011). Nitrate plus nitrate for 

1999–2012 data was analyzed by cadmium reduction and 

diaotization (Fishman, 1993). In 2013, the USGS adopted 

the enzymatic reduction method to reduce hazardous waste. 

Extensive testing between the two methods gave comparable 

results (Patton and Kryskalla, 2011). The results for the nitrate 

plus nitrite analyses are referred to simply as “nitrate” in this 

report because nitrite was not detected at the site (Dinicola and 

others, 2002). Samples for analysis of manganese were filtered 

into an acid-rinsed bottle, acidified in the field with nitric 

acid to a pH of less than 2 and then shipped to the NWQL 

for analysis by inductively coupled plasma as described by 

Fishman (1993).

Samples for DOC analysis were filtered through a 

0.45-μm filter into amber glass bottles, acidified in the 

field with sulfuric acid to a pH of less than 2, chilled to 

less than 4 °C, and shipped to the NWQL. Organic carbon 

concentrations were determined using persulfate oxidation as 

described by Brenton and Arnett (1993).

Samples for VOC analysis were collected in pre-acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to the NWQL 

for subsequent analysis using purge and trap capillary-column 

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as described by 

Connor and others (1998). Samples for analysis of ethane, 

ethene, and methane were collected in pre-acidified 40-mL 

glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to TestAmerica 

Laboratories in Denver, Colo., for subsequent analysis 

using gas chromatography with a flame-ionization detector 

according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 

RSK SOP-175 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994; 

Kampbell and Vandegrift, 1998).

On July 8, 2013, passive-diffusion samplers were 

placed in access tubes, installed in 2012 to collect shallow 

groundwater samples for VOC analyses, in the marsh stream 

immediately adjacent to the southern landfill (fig. 2). The 

samplers consisted of 6-in. long × 2-in. diameter polyethylene 

lay-flat tubing (www.usplatics.com) filled with de-ionized 

water and heat sealed at both ends. The samplers were built 

by USGS personnel at the Washington Water Science Center 
Selected Monitoring Data 7

(WAWSC), Tacoma, Washington. Filled bags were inserted 

into plastic mesh sleeves to protect the bags from damage. 

A single sampler was placed in each access tube. A 2-in 

diameter cellulose sponge was placed on top of the sampler 

to keep the sampler submerged in groundwater after which a 

cap was installed on the tube top to prevent air exchange with 

the atmosphere. At three sites (S-3, S-5, S-5B), an additional 

sampler was buried in the sediment beneath the marsh creek, 

as was done in 2012, to evaluate the consistency of data 

between the access tube and the direct burial sampling results. 

However, upon retrieval the sampler buried in the sediment 

at site S-3 was ruptured. All passive-diffusion samplers were 

allowed to equilibrate with the surrounding water for 10 days, 

after which they were retrieved by hand, placed on ice, 

and processed at the WAWSC laboratory within 2 hours of 

retrieval. A corner of each bag was cut and three pre-acidified 

40-mL glass VOC vials were filled, sealed, and kept on ice for 

shipment to the NWQL for VOC analysis. 

Quality assurance and control of geochemical and 

contaminant sampling included collecting two duplicate 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and VOCs, and 

analyzing a field blank sample for VOCs and redox-sensitive 

analytes. No substantial quality issues were identified in those 

samples (appendix A). 

Selected Monitoring Data

The groundwater chemistry data are grouped with regard 

to aquifer and location of the well or piezometer. Upgradient 

sites are the two upper aquifer wells (MW1-3 and MW1-20) 

located east of the former landfill. The former upgradient 

intermediate aquifer well (MW1-33) located south of the 

landfill was decommissioned and can no longer be sampled. 

Northern plantation sites are all in the upper aquifer and 

include four wells (1MW-1, MW1-2, MW1-17, and MW1-

41) and four piezometers (P1-1, P1-3, P1-4, and P1-5) in or 

near the northern phytoremediation plantation; piezometer 

P1-2 generally is dry during June and has never been sampled. 

Southern plantation sites also are all in the upper aquifer and 

include three wells (MW1-4, MW1-5, and MW1-16) and 

five piezometers (P1-6, P1-7, P1-8, P1-9, and P1-10) in or 

near the southern phytoremediation plantation. Intermediate 

aquifer sites include four wells (MW1-25, MW1-28, MW1-38, 

and MW1-39) that are downgradient of the landfill; no 

intermediate aquifer wells are in the footprint of the former 

landfill. Marsh sampling sites refer to the 10 passive-diffusion 

sampling sites (S-1, S-2, S-2B, S-3, S-3B, S-4, S-4B, S-5, 

S-5B, S-6) near the southern plantation (fig. 2). 

Geochemical Data 

Geochemical data collected by the USGS from 

piezometers and selected wells at OU 1 from 1996 to 2013 are 

shown in table 2 (at back of report). Historical geochemical 

data for wells not sampled in 2013 are not included in table 2, 

but are available in Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006) and Dinicola 

and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012). Overall, 

concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents measured in 

2013 were consistent with previous years, with dissolvedoxygen concentrations all less than 0.2 mg/L; little to no 

detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and 

methane; and commonly detected sulfide. 

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs and dissolved ethane and ethene data collected 

from piezometers and selected intermediate aquifer wells at 

OU 1 from June 1999 to June 2013 are shown in table 3 (at 

back of report). Chemical concentrations are reported as less 

than the reporting level for samples in which the analyte was 

either not identified or not detected at concentrations equal to 

or greater than the reporting level. Historical VOC data for 

wells not sampled in 2013 and for dates before 1999 are not 

included in table 3. Complete analytical results for the USGS 

data for 2013 and previous years are available from the USGS 

National Water Information System web site (U.S. Geological 

Survey, 2013); or Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 

2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 

2012), and Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman 

(2013). The total CVOC concentrations calculated for each 

sample is the sum of concentrations of CVOCs that were 

positively detected; concentrations reported as “less than” 

values were not included in the total.

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations 

beneath the Phytoremediation Plantations

In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2013, 

CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar to 

those measured in previous years. In 2013, no detectable 

concentrations of CVOCs were detected in samples from 

piezometers P1-1 and P1-3. Trace concentrations of CVOCs 

were detected in P1-5 and much higher concentrations were 

measured at piezometer P1-4 as compared to nearby wells. 

Total CVOC concentrations at piezometer P1-4 were less than 

concentrations measured in 2012. In all wells and piezometers 

sampled, the concentrations of the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene in 2013 were slightly lower or 

the same as concentrations measured in 2012.
8 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

In the upper aquifer of the southern plantation, CVOC 

concentrations measured in all piezometers continued to be 

extremely variable from year to year, and often were high. 

Compared to 2012, total CVOC concentrations measured in 

2013 increased substantially in two piezometers (P1-6 and 

P1-7), decreased substantially in one piezometer (P1-10), and 

were about the same at two piezometers (P1-8 and P1-9). In 

2013, both the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and 

ethene were detected in two of the three wells, and in all but 

one piezometer (P1-8) in the southern plantation.

In 2013, CVOC concentrations continued to vary 

spatially and temporally beneath the marsh near the southern 

plantation. Concentration measured in samplers installed in 

access tube (S-5B T) was ninety times greater than measured 

in the sampler buried nearby beneath the marsh stream (S-5B 

in table 3), which is not consistent with those measured in 

2012. In 2012, concentrations in buried samplers were two 

to four times higher than concentrations measured in the 

access tubes. The other sampler (S-5) buried in the marsh 

had concentrations slightly higher than the last time it was 

measured (2010), and the sampler in the corresponding access 

tube (S-5T) had a leak; therefore a sample was unobtainable. 

Total CVOC concentration at the most contaminated passive 

diffusion sampler site (S-4T in table 3) continued to be 

elevated, but decreased by a factor of seven in 2013. The total 

CVOC concentration from the sampler placed in the S-2B 

access tube (S-2B T in table 3) increased substantially from 

3.1 μg/L in 2012 to 233 μg/L in 2013.

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the 

Intermediate Aquifer

For the intermediate aquifer in 2013, total CVOC 

concentrations in wells MW1-25 and MW1-28 were consistent 

with previous years, with vinyl chloride concentrations 

remaining relatively high in both wells (227 and 670 mg/L, 

respectively). At wells MW1-38 and MW1-39, farthest 

downgradient in the intermediate aquifer, low concentrations 

of cis-DCE and VC were detected at well MW1-39 (0.7 

and 2.4 μg/L, respectively), no detectable concentrations of 

CVOCs were identified in well MW1-38. Concentrations of 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene in 2013 

were consistent with those measured in previous years. 

Summary

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to 

monitor groundwater geochemistry beneath the 9-acre former 

landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington to ensure that conditions 

remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified 

in the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU 1 by the 

USGS during July 2013, in support of long-term monitoring 

for natural attenuation.

Overall, concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents 

measured in 2013 were consistent with previous years, with 

dissolved-oxygen concentrations all at 0.2 milligrams per 

liter or less at all sites except an upgradient well; little to no 

detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and 

methane; and commonly detected sulfide. 

In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2013, 

CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar to 

those measured in previous years. The concentrations of 

the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene 

were slightly lower or the same as concentrations measured 

in 2012. In the upper aquifer of the southern plantation, 

CVOC concentrations measured in all piezometers continued 

to be variable from year to year, and both of the reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were detected 

in two of the four wells, and in all but one piezometers in the 

southern plantation.

In 2013, CVOC concentrations continued to vary 

spatially and temporally beneath the marsh near the southern 

plantation, and concentrations measured in a sampler 

installed in an access tube was ninety times greater than the 

corresponding sampler buried next to it beneath the marsh 

stream. Total CVOC concentrations, at what have been 

historically the most contaminated passive sampler sites S-4 

and S-5, continued to be elevated in 2013.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene in 2013 were 

consistent with those measured in previous years. Total 

CVOC concentrations in wells MWI-25 and MW1-28 were 

consistent with previous years. Trace concentrations of cisDCE (0.7 μg/L) and VC (2.4 μg/L) were detected at one of the 

farthest downgradient intermediate aquifer wells MW1-39. 
References Cited 9

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Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998, 

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C] dichloroethene under 

Mn(IV)-reducing conditions: Applied and Environmental 

Microbiology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1,560–1,562.

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Connor, B.F., Rose, D.L, Noriega, L.M., and Abney, S.R., 

1998, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination 

of 86 volatile organic compounds in water by gas 

chromatography-mass spectrometry, including detections 

less than reporting limits: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 97–829, 78 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr97829.]

Dinicola, R.S., 2003, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2003–344, 17 p. [Also available at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03344.]

Dinicola, R.S., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2002: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2004–1203, 19 p. [Also available 

at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20041203.]

Dinicola, R.S., 2006, Continued biodegradation of chlorethene 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2006–5056, 42 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/sir20065056.]

Dinicola, R.S., Cox, S.E., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 

2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Weapons Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 2002–4119, 116 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/wri024119.]
10 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2004, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2004–1330, 19 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20041330.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2006–1374, 28 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20061374.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2007, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2007–1430, 30 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20071430.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2009, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

2007 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2009–1141, 42 p. [Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20091141.]

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2012, Biodegradation 

of cholorethene compounds in groundwater at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 1999–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2012–5013, 56 p. [Also available at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20125013.]

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—

Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in 

water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 93–125, 217 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr93125.]

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for 

determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial 

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p. [Also 

available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/twri05A1.]

Hach Company, 1998, DR/2010 Spectrophotometer 

Procedures Manual: Loveland, Colo., Hach Company.

Huffman, R.L., 2013, Groundwater geochemical and selected 

volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June and October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 

766, 44 p. [Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/766/.]

Huffman, R.L., and Dinicola, R.S., 2011, Groundwater 

geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, June 2009: U.S. Geological Survey 

Data Series Report 644, 38 p. [Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ds644.]

Kampbell, D.H., and Vandergrift, S.A., 1998, Analysis 

of dissolved methane, ethane, ethenes, and propanes: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23. no. 8, 

p. 965–969.
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Patton, C.J., and Kryskalla, J.R., 2011, Colorimetric 

determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic 

reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods: U.S. 

Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, 

chap. B8.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1997, Final summary data assessment 

report for Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by 

URS Consultants, Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task 

Order 0189 for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

3 volumes.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1998, Final record of decision for 

Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Consultants, 

Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

111 p.

URS Greiner, Inc., 1999, Phytoremediation closure report 

for Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Greiner, 

Inc., Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task Order 0189 for 

Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Methods for 

chemical analysis of water and wastes—Office of Research 

chemical analysis of water and wastes: Washington, D.C., 

Office of Research and Development Report EPA 600/4-79-

020, 552 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994, RSKSOP 

175 rev. no. 2, Sample preparations and calculations 

for dissolved gas analysis in water samples using a GC 

headspace equilibration technique: U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency Test Methods, Region 1, 14 p., accessed 

April 9, 2013, at http://www.epa.gov/region1/info/

testmethods/pdfs/RSKsop175v2.pdf.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Water quality samples for 

Washington: National Water Information System web 

interface, accessed April 9, 2013, at http://nwis.waterdata.

usgs.gov/wa/nwis/qwdat.

U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, National field manual 

for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 

9, chaps. A1–A9, accessed September 10, 2012, at http://

pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/twri09.
12 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 0.4 – – 0.07 <0.01 –

06-20-00 .3 – 0.99 .08 <.01 13

06-12-01 4.0 1.1 1.1 .04 .02 14

06-10-02 .4 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 11

06-17-03 4.3 1.7 1.8 .09 .05 12

06-15-04 .2 1.6 – .09 <.01 12

06-20-05 .1 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 15

06-12-06 .1 1.4 1.6 .11 <.01 14

06-18-07 .6 1.8 1.1 .09 <.01 16

06-16-08 .6 2.0 1.1 .10 <.01 18

06-15-09 .2 1.6 1.0 .12 .01 19

06-14-10 .5 1.5 .92 .14 .01 17

06-20-11 .1 2.5 .64 .18 .01 17

06-04-12 <.2 1.6 .99 .16 .01 17

07-09-13 <.1 1.9 .92 .19 – 17

MW1-20 06-08-99 .3 – – .35 .03 –

06-21-00 <.1 – <.05 .24 .11 16

06-13-01 .2 1.4 <.05 .28 .01 20

06-12-02 .1 1.4 <.05 .16 .01 17

06-17-03 .2 1.7 <.06 .24 .05 18

06-15-04 .9 1.6 – .23 .03 18

06-20-05 .4 1.5 <.06 .25 .21 16

06-13-06 .1 1.7 <.06 .21 .08 16

06-18-07 .2 1.8 <.06 .21 .34 14

06-18-08 3.4 1.5 <.04 .19 .06 19

06-15-09 .3 1.6 <.04 .19 .16 13

06-14-10 .5 1.3 E.02 .06 .05 18

06-20-11 .3 1.6 <.02 .13 .01 13

06-05-12 .2 1.5 <.02 .12 <.01 13

07-09-13 2.5 1.7 <.04 .20 .11 11

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 13

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 <0.01 – – 6.0 202 –

06-20-00 <.01 0.02 – 5.9 205 8.4

06-12-01 <.01 .12 – 6.1 203 10

06-10-02 <.01 .06 140 5.8 182 9.7

06-17-03 – .02 80 6.0 199 10

06-15-04 <.01 .01 – 5.7 205 9.1

06-20-05 <.01 – <50 6.0 192 7.5

06-12-06 <.01 .4* 40 5.5 243 7.0

06-18-07 .01 – 41 5.9 209 5.9

06-16-08 <.01 – 80 6.0 198 5.1

06-15-09 .01 .01 80 6.0 208 7.3

06-14-10 <.01 E.4* 70 5.9 200 5.6

06-20-11 <.01 E.3* 80 5.8 238 16

06-04-12 <.01 <.2* 45 5.9 219 12

07-09-13 <.01 <.2* 90 5.8 242 19

MW1-20 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.7 546 –

06-21-00 <.01 .01 – 6.8 530 14

06-13-01 <.01 .27 – 6.4 544 33

06-12-02 <.01 .06 97 7.0 701 29

06-17-03 – .09 90 6.3 491 32

06-15-04 <.01 .03 – 6.4 552 35

06-20-05 <.01 – 80 6.3 520 28

06-13-06 <.01 .03 60 6.3 574 31

06-18-07 <.01 – 40 6.8 508 25

06-18-08 – – 70 6.6 517 38

06-15-09 <.01 .05 45 6.5 481 24

06-14-10 <.01 .03 35 6.9 580 43

06-20-11 <.01 .02 60 6.5 426 27

06-05-12 <.01 .03 18 6.7 493 34

07-09-13 <.01 .22 100 6.5 512 28
14 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 2.8R – <0.02 0.18 0.24 7.5

04-16-97 .4 – .11 – 8.0 1.4

03-05-98 .1 – – .39 12 –

10-09-98 .5 – – .08 .39 –

06-21-00 .5 – <.05 .96 13 .9

06-11-01 .7 12 <.05 .24 2.9 2.2

06-10-02 .2 14 <.05 .37 7.3 1.7

06-17-03 .1 10 <.06 .17 1.2 2.2

06-16-04 .1 7.7 – .09 .38 2.0

06-21-05 .1 9.5 <.06 .12 1.8 1.7

06-12-06 .2 8.5 <.06 .12 .8 1.9

06-19-07 .1 6.8 E.05 1.3 .72 6.4

06-17-08 .2 9.6 <.04 .13 1.4 1.3

06-15-09 .3 7.1 <.04 .10 .55 1.4

06-14-10 .9 7.5 <.04 .10 .71 .70

06-20-11 .3 7.7 <.02 .08 .06 .79

06-04-12 .2 7.0 <.02 .07 .3 .51

07-12-13 <.1 6.5 <.04 .08 .05 .63

MW1-2 09-17-96 2.4R – <.02 .05 .23 4.6

04-16-97 .2 – <.02 – .13 4.6

03-02-98 – – – – .16 –

10-07-98 .1 – – .05 .14 –

06-09-99 .2 – – .08 .09 –

06-21-00 .1 – <.05 .06 .10 4.3

06-12-01 .3 5.0 <.05 .08 .29 5.4

06-11-02 .1 45 <.05 .09 .27 4.2

06-18-03 .1 6.0 <.06 .10 .29 4.3

06-17-04 .2 6.7 – .10 1.0 4.3

06-22-05 <.1 20 <.06 .10 .44 4.4

06-12-06 .1 5.9 <.06 .10 .76 3.7

06-19-07 <.1 6.0 <.06 .11 .84 3.8

06-17-08 .1 6.3 <.04 .11 .64 3.4

06-15-09 .3 6.3 <.04 .12 1.2 3.6

06-14-10 <.1 5.9 <.04 .11 – 3.5

06-20-11 .1 6.5 <.02 .12 .82 3.2

06-04-12 .1 5.7 <.02 .13 1.1 3.7

07-09-13 <.1 6.6 <.04 .12 1.0 3.5
Table 2 15

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 <0.01 10 – 7.9 – 43

04-16-97 .01 29 – 7.2 – –

03-05-98 .06 – – – – –

10-09-98 .01 – – 7.7 1,080 –

06-21-00 <.01 .39 – 7.0 1,070 44

06-11-01 <.01 5.6 – 7.1 974 50

06-10-02 <.01 14 77 7.7 835 54

06-17-03 <.01 7.1 50 7.3 847 54

06-16-04 .03 1.8 18 7.0 843 57

06-21-05 .02 – 20 7.1 827 48

06-12-06 .01 3.4 10 7.4 787 48

06-19-07 .04 1.7 18 7.3 753 7.7

06-17-08 .01 5.4 11 7.4 737 40

06-15-09 .02 7.2 10 7.4 676 44

06-14-10 .02 7.2 30 7.0 590 28

06-20-11 .02 5.3 22 7.3 569 34

06-04-12 .02 6.4 20 7.4 578 28

07-12-13 .01 3.8 15 6.0 564 31

MW1-2 09-17-96 <.01 1.2 – 6.9 – 50

04-16-97 <.01 2.5 – 6.7 – –

03-02-98 – – – – – –

10-07-98 <.01 – – 6.7 868 –

06-09-99 <.01 – – 6.8 901 –

06-21-00 <.01 .04 – 6.8 870 36

06-12-01 <.01 .78 – 6.5 853 48

06-11-02 <.01 .92 200 6.6 829 37

06-18-03 <.01 .98 160 6.4 870 41

06-17-04 – .33 50 6.6 858 40

06-22-05 <.01 – 75 6.3 720 35

06-12-06 <.01 .50 115 6.5 815 34

06-19-07 <.01 .26 45 6.4 820 30

06-17-08 <.01 .43 40 6.6 797 26

06-15-09 .01 .77 45 6.6 814 30

06-14-10 <.01 .73 70 6.5 805 27

06-20-11 <.01 .58 100 6.4 742 25

06-04-12 <.01 .59 120 6.4 802 26

07-09-13 <.01 .60 170 6.6 755 24
16 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96 <0.1 – <0.02 1.3 62 4.3

04-16-97 <.1 – <.02 – 37 68

10-09-98 <.1 – – .80 56 –

06-22-00 <.1 – – 1.2 68 –

06-12-01 .4 8.0 <.05 1.2 48 12

06-17-04 <.1 7.5 – .68 >10 18

06-20-05 <.1 6.1 <.06 .43 27 7.8

06-20-07 <.1 8.1 <.06 .40 22 11

06-18-08 <.1 6.1 <.04 .33 17 7.3

06-15-09 <.1 6.0 <.04 .49 8.5 8.1

06-14-10 – 5.4 <.04 .49 20 6.9

06-20-11 .3 7.7 <.02 .73 23 3.1

06-04-12 <.1 9.8 <.02 .57 31 6.8

07-12-13 <.1 10 <.04 .43 19 17.9

MW1-41 06-09-99 .3 – – 2.2 60 –

06-21-00 .1 – <.05 3.5 55 <.3

06-11-01 .3 14 <.05 3.7 66 30

06-10-02 .8 20 <.05 3.6 52 .4

06-18-03 <.1 19 <.06 3.9 50 <.2

06-17-04 .1 19 – 4.0 57 <.2

06-20-05 .1 17 <.06 3.9 73 <.2

06-12-06 <.1 18 <.06 3.8 28 <.2

06-19-07 <.1 20 <.06 3.8 66 <.18

06-16-08 <.1 20 <.04 3.4 41 <.18

06-15-09 .1 19 <.04 4.2 29 <.2

06-14-10 <.1 17 <.04 3.4 43 .3

06-20-11 .1 19 <.02 3.7 63 <.09

06-04-12 .1 17 <.02 3.7 47 .14

07-09-13 .1 17 <.04 3.3 40 0.1

P1-1 06-09-99 .4 – – 4.0 59 –

06-11-02 <.1 17 <.05 2.7 40 <.1

06-18-03 <.1 18 <.06 3.4 32 <.2

06-17-04 .1 16 – 3.1 39 <.2

06-22-05 <.1 15 <.06 3.1 68 <.2

06-12-06 <.1 16 <.06 2.9 54 <.2

06-19-07 <.1 15 <.06 2.0 49 <.18

06-16-08 .1 14 <.04 2.1 32 <.18

06-15-09 <.1 11 <.04 2.3 38 <.2

06-14-10 <.1 12 <.04 2.3 20 E.1

06-20-11 <.1 13 <.02 2.3 41 <.09

06-04-12 <.1 12 <.02 2.4 31 .09

07-09-13 <.1 12 <.04 2.3 36 <.09
Table 2 17

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96 <0.01 8.9 – 6.5 – 61

04-16-97 .02 23 – 6.6 – –

10-09-98 .02 – – 6.4 1,740 –

06-22-00 .02 2.8 – 6.5 1,260 160

06-12-01 .01 9.4 – 6.5 1,200 120

06-17-04 – .37 70 6.5 318 150

06-20-05 .04 – 80 6.3 563 74

06-20-07 .03 2.9 55 6.5 635 96

06-18-08 .04 5.5 26 6.6 551 59

06-15-09 .03 8.3 40 6.3 523 68

06-14-10 .03 10 120 6.2 271 46

06-20-11 .08 6.2 140 6.2 715 28

06-04-12 .03 8.6 80 6.5 751 59

07-12-13 .03 5.6 70 6.3 961 24

MW1-41 06-09-99 .01 – – 6.6 1,260 8.0

06-21-00 <.01 1.9 – 6.5 1,500 8.3

06-11-01 .02 25 – 6.3 1,330 9.9

06-10-02 .04 21 540 6.3 1,190 7.9

06-18-03 .03 14 500 6.3 1,280 9.5

06-17-04 .02 7.4 450 6.1 1,300 11

06-20-05 .01 – 500 6.4 1,300 8.7

06-12-06 .02 8.5 310 6.3 1,240 8.4

06-19-07 .01 6.3 350 6.7 1,280 8.7

06-16-08 .01 9.9 300 6.4 1,240 11

06-15-09 <.01 18 400 6.2 1,200 16

06-14-10 .02 24 <10 6.4 1,200 15

06-20-11 .01 11 250 6.0 1,040 13

06-04-12 <.01 19 260 6.3 1,150 10

07-09-13 <.01 13 350 6.5 1,130 8.0

P1-1 06-09-99 <.01 – – 6.4 1,350 8.0

06-11-02 <.01 29 400 6.3 987 9.3

06-18-03 .02 – 450 6.2 1,030 11

06-17-04 .02 3.7 430 6.0 987 9.2

06-22-05 <.01 10 370 6.3 847 7.1

06-12-06 .01 7.8 225 6.2 979 7.2

06-19-07 .02 8.1 160 6.1 920 5.7

06-16-08 .02 12 350 6.5 914 4.4

06-15-09 .02 24 325 6.3 830 3.7

06-14-10 .02 27 180 6.4 798 3.4

06-20-11 .01 12 160 6.4 763 3.0

06-04-12 .02 27 275 6.2 731 2.9

07-09-13 .02 14 250 6.2 756 3.0
18 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.2 – – 1.0 19 –

06-11-02 <.1 17 <0.05 2.6 39 1.0

06-18-03 .1 18 <.06 2.0 29 1.8

06-17-04 <.1 16 – 2.8 >10 .55

06-22-05 <.1 15 <.06 2.8 60 .38

06-12-06 <.1 16 <.06 2.5 39 .2

06-19-07 <.1 15 <.06 2.5 40 .24

06-17-08 <.1 14 <.04 2.9 32 <.18

06-15-09 .2 11 <.04 3.0 – E.1

06-14-10 .2 12 <.04 2.8 21 .2

06-20-11 .3 13 <.02 2.9 47 <.09

06-04-12 .4 19 .02 3.0 36 .15

07-09-13 <.1 20 <.04 2.8 21 .09

P1-4 06-09-99 .3 – – .34 2.6 –

06-13-01 .5 8.7 <.05 .38 3.4 3.8

06-11-02 .1 8.0 <.05 2.6 3.7 3.5

06-18-03 .1 7.0 <.06 .43 4.1 4.0

06-17-04 .1 7.6 – .42 3.0 4.0

06-21-05 .1 6.7 <.06 .38 2.3 4.6

06-12-06 <.1 6.8 <.06 .35 1.8 4.3

06-19-07 <.1 7.1 <.06 .35 3.2 4.7

06-16-08 <.1 7.7 <.04 .35 3.5 4.4

06-15-09 .6 7.5 <.04 .39 2.4 4.1

06-14-10 .7 7.5 <.04 .38 .12 4.4

06-20-11 <.1 8.5 <.02 .41 2.2 5.1

06-04-12 .1 7.3 <.02 .41 1.4 4.9

07-09-13 .1 7.3 <.04 .40 2 5.0

P1-5 06-08-99 .3 – – 3.1 72 –

06-10-02 .1 25 <.05 2.6 62 <.6

06-18-03 .1 24 <.06 3.1 54 <.2

06-17-04 <.1 23 – 3.1 >10 <.2

06-21-05 .1 22 <.06 3.5 74 E.1

06-12-06 <.1 21 <.06 3.6 66 E.1

06-19-07 <.1 22 <.06 3.2 48 <.2

06-16-08 <.1 21 <.04 3.6 44 <.2

06-15-09 <.1 19 <.04 4.3 33 E.2

06-14-10 <.1 18 <.04 3.3 59 E.1

06-20-11 .4 18 <.02 3.4 38 <.09

06-04-12 <.1 18 <.02 3.6 21 <.09

07-09-13 <.1 19 < .04 2.8 18 <.09
Table 2 19

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.04 – – 6.8 1,470 –

06-11-02 .03 24 400 6.4 1,340 61

06-18-03 .03 – 350 6.4 1,400 90

06-17-04 <.01 5.7 330 6.5 1,350 57

06-22-05 .03 8.4 320 6.4 1,200 68

06-12-06 .03 7.1 330 6 1,440 51

06-19-07 .03 7.1 260 6.5 1,420 55

06-17-08 .03 14 200 6.4 1,230 31

06-15-09 .03 18 180 6.2 1,220 45

06-14-10 .03 22 350 6.5 1,050 30

06-20-11 .06 11 275 6.3 1,040 21

06-04-12 .04 18 – 6.4 1,000 15

07-09-13 .01 13 400 6.3 1,200 38

P1-4 06-09-99 .02 – – 6.9 867 –

06-13-01 <.01 .93 – 6.6 761 53

06-11-02 <.01 5.9 90 6.7 734 56

06-18-03 .01 4.2 70 6.6 778 59

06-17-04 .02 1.8 60 6.4 782 48

06-21-05 <.01 1.8 42 6.6 750 47

06-12-06 <.01 1.7 32 6.4 823 44

06-19-07 <.01 2.5 26 6.7 745 44

06-16-08 .01 3.1 20 6.9 749 40

06-15-09 .01 6.4 25 6.8 724 39

06-14-10 .01 6.2 30 6.8 795 42

06-20-11 <.01 3.1 65 6.8 809 46

06-04-12 <.01 3.5 25 6.9 821 52

07-09-13 <.01 2.2 55 6.7 863 74

P1-5 06-08-99 .01 – – 6.2 1,320 –

06-10-02 .02 23 400 6.2 1,200 17

06-18-03 .02 18 650 6.2 1,150 16

06-17-04 – 5.8 450 6.4 1,160 14

06-21-05 .04 9.4 400 6.3 1,150 13

06-12-06 .05 6.8 370 5.8 1,100 9.9

06-19-07 .04 8.5 350 6.3 1,030 9.3

06-16-08 .04 14 275 6.3 1,080 10

06-15-09 .12 22 500 6.3 1,050 13

06-14-10 .02 24 400 6.3 990 9.6

06-20-11 .03 9.7 250 6.3 935 9.3

06-04-12 .02 18 – 6.4 935 8.5

07-09-13 .02 19 300 6.1 929 6.8
20 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 09-17-96 2.8R – <0.02 0.28 1.8 7.1

04-16-97 .4 – .24 – <.01 8.6

03-03-98 .2 – – .10 .01 –

10-08-98 .5 – – – .28 –

06-07-99 .1 – – .20 1.2 –

06-22-00 .1 – – .70 – 5.5

06-14-01 .5 2.5 .08 .54 1.6 5.4

06-13-02 .1 3.8 .08 .47 1.2 5.5

06-20-03 .1 2.5 <.06 .53 .22 5.7

06-18-04 .1 2.7 – .61 .12 5.9

06-23-05 .1 .7 <.06 .14 .03 8.8

06-13-06 .1 3.9 <.06 .79 .19 5.7

06-20-07 <.1 1.4 <.06 .29 .23 7.5

06-18-08 .1 2.6 E.03 .42 .19 7.1

06-16-09 .4 .8 <.04 .19 <.01 8.7

06-15-10 .8 4.5 <.04 1.1 .3 6.4

06-21-11 <.1 4.6 <.02 1.3 .39 6.2

06-05-12 .1 2.3 <.02 .88 .36 6.3

07-10-13 .1 3.3 <.04 .80 .28 6.5

MW1-5 09-17-96 <.1 – <.02 1.6 19 6.4

04-16–97 <.1 – .08 – 3.1 2.8

03-04-98 <.1 – – 1.3 4.5 –

10-08-98 <.1 – – 1.5 11 –

06-08-99 .3 – – 1.2 31 –

06-22-00 <.1 – – 1.5 39 6.4

06-13-01 .3 9.6 .12 1.5 25 6.0

06-13-02 .5 11 .14 1.5 20 6.3

06-20-03 .1 11 <.06 1.5 30 6.8

06-18-04 .4 7.2 – 1.8 >10 5.6

06-22-05 <.1 8.2 .16 1.2 27 6.7

06-13-06 .1 7.8 .08 1.3 14 6.0

06-20-07 <.1 8.0 <.06 .10 21 1.7

06-18-08 .3 5.9 .15 1.0 16 7.3

06-16-09 .2 8.3 .09 1.8 14 5.7

06-15-10 .2 7.7 .13 1.4 23 5.8

06-21-11 .1 7.9 .1 1.7 22 5.2

06-05-12 .1 6.8 .1 1.5 26 5.1

07-10-13 <.1 6.0 .11 1.1 16 5.5
Table 2 21

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 09-17-96 <0.01 1.2 – 6.9 – 15

04-16-97 <.01 .70 – 7.3 – –

03-03-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 6.7 368 –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 6.6 350 –

06-22-00 <.01 .56 – 6.8 412 19

06-14-01 <.01 3.7 – 6.5 360 22

06-13-02 <.01 5.2 60 6.6 442 20

06-20-03 <.01 3.7 40 6.7 324 17

06-18-04 <.01 1.1 50 6.0 320 23

06-23-05 <.01 – <10 7.9 203 7.3

06-13-06 .01 2.1 30 6.6 362 20

06-20-07 <.01 .53 14 7.0 252 11

06-18-08 <.01 1.7 12 7.2 279 15

06-16-09 <.01 .73 <10 7.7 250 9.0

06-15-10 <.01 4.1 16 6.9 360 16

06-21-11 <.01 2.9 – 6.9 325 17

06-05-12 <.01 2.8 20 6.8 311 13

0710-13 <.01 2.1 23 6.6 310 13

MW1-5 09-17-96 <.01 2.4 – 6.7 – 21

04-16–97 .03 18 – 6.6 – –

03-04-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 6.4 1,740 –

06-08-99 .01 – – 6.5 855 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.1 – 6.6 790 19

06-13-01 .01 2.4 – 6.4 766 12

06-13-02 .02 7.4 180 6.5 608 9.6

06-20-03 .03 4.9 180 6.4 711 10

06-18-04 – 2.4 200 6.5 795 9.8

06-22-05 .02 – 70 6.3 520 9.5

06-13-06 .02 1.9 50 6.5 603 8.5

06-20-07 .03 1.1 100 6.5 603 44

06-18-08 .01 1.8 100 6.6 562 8.4

06-16-90 .02 3.5 500 6.4 684 11

06-15-10 .01 4.4 80 6.6 647 13

06-21-11 <.01 3.2 180 6.3 741 15

06-05-12 .01 3.4 130 6.4 647 12

07-10-13 .02 2.0 55 6.3 519 8.4
22 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 <0.1 – <0.02 3.9 130 0.2

04-16-97 <.1 – <.02 – 120 2.2

03-04-98 .3 – – 18 100 –

10-08-98 <.1 – – 5.4 180 –

06-07-99 .6 – – >5 140 –

06-22-00 .1 – – 1.9 60 1.2

06-14-01 .2 66 .33 2.4 56 1.1

06-13-02 .9 71 <.05 3.2 38 .4

06-20-03 .2 29 <.6 2.1 37 .6

06-22-04 .1 36 – 2.1 >10 .1

06-23-05 .1 20 <.06 2.0 66 .4

06-13-06 .1 17 <.06 1.7 14 20

06-20-07 <.1 18 <.06 1.8 44 9.7

06-18-08 .1 17 <.04 2.2 28 10

06-16-09 .2 – <.04 2.6 43 88

06-15-10 .5 14 <.04 1.7 22 8.6

06-21-11 .2 16 <.02 2.1 17 5.2

06-06-12 .3 16 <.02 1.9 18 8.0

07-10-13 .2 17 <.04 1.9 27 27

P1-6 06-08-99 .1 – – .12 .02 –

06-14-01 .2 34 .23 .45 .95 4.9

06-13-02 <.1 26 <.05 .88 1.0 4.3

06-20-03 .2 4.1 <.06 .08 .13 7.5

06-18-04 .1 10 – .11 1.0 7.2

06-23-05 .1 5.8 <.06 .17 .15 6.3

06-13-06 .1 26 <.06 .91 1.4 3.4

06-20-07 <.1 3.9 <.06 .08 .08 7.1

06-18-08 .1 10 <.04 .15 .10 5.5

06-16-09 .1 3.2 <.04 .08 .07 6.1

06-15-10 .1 2.0 <.04 .06 .05 6.0

06-21-11 .1 2.2 <.02 .07 .06 6.4

06-06-12 .2 0.88 <.02 .04 .01 7.1

07-10-13 .2 1.4 <.04 .06 .03 5.8

P1-7 06-08-99 .1 – – .61 2.1 –

06-22-00 .1 – – 2.6 3.2 24

06-14-01 .2 11 <.05 2.3 2.0 18

06-14-02 1.3 8.9 <.05 2.2 1.9 12

06-20-03 .1 5.6 <.06 1.9 1.3 7.5

06-18-04 <.1 6.9 – 2.4 2.0 9.8

06-22-05 .1 8.8 <.06 2.1 1.9 26

06-13-06 .5 7.6 <.06 2.0 1.8 20

06-20-07 .1 5.7 <.06 2.1 1.2 6.0

06-18-08 <.1 6.7 <.04 2.1 1.3 6.9

06-16-09 .2 6.4 <.04 2.2 1.3 6.5

06-15-10 <.1 6.4 <.04 1.9 1.2 17

06-21-11 .3 6.3 <.02 2.2 1.3 17

06-05-12 .3 5.2 <.02 1.5 .90 10

07-10-13 .1 4.8 <.04 1.2 .96 5.9
Table 2 23

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 <0.01 4.3 – 6.5 – 150

04-16-97 .06 29 – 6.5 – –

03-04-98 .01 – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 6.3 3,370 –

06-07-99 .01 – – 6.7 1,820 –

06-22-00 .02 1.2 – 6.7 902 43

06-14-01 .08 10 – 6.4 953 40

06-13-02 .04 24 270 6.5 1,400 17

06-20-03 .06 9.7 240 6.5 835 6.8

06-22-04 .50 4.3 230 6.3 817 6.9

06-23-05 .12 – 225 6.6 767 3.8

06-13-06 .06 3.0 70 6.7 737 3.5

06-20-07 .13 2.1 190 6.4 763 6.5

06-18-08 .08 3.3 40 6.4 770 16

06-16-09 .45 8.8 80 6.4 880 21

06-15-10 .11 5.9 60 6.3 611 9.4

06-21-11 .45 3.5 100 6.3 541 8.2

06-06-12 .45 1.4 70 6.7 706 7.8

07-10-13 .23 1.7 225 6.2 772 6.1

P1-6 06-08-99 .04 – – 6.8 574 –

06-14-01 .12 6.3 – 6.4 657 47

06-13-02 .11 11 170 6.4 604 37

06-20-03 .07 4.8 40 8.1 278 13

06-18-04 .10 .37 <10 8.6 268 18

06-23-05 .12 1.4 24 7.1 332 24

06-13-06 .14 2.6 30 6.6 757 35

06-20-07 .07 .38 16 8.3 249 10

06-18-08 .07 2.2 <10 8.3 291 22

06-16-09 .06 2.2 <10 8.2 318 16

06-15-10 .05 2.8 20 8.6 272 14

06-21-11 .05 1 16 8.2 233 11

06-06-12 .12 .47 50 8.4 247 6.5

07-10-13 .02 .62 <10 8.0 264 11

P1-7 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.7 627 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.5 – 6.8 851 55

06-14-01 <.01 4.0 – 6.5 666 41

06-14-02 <.01 6.0 87 6.6 601 60

06-20-03 <.01 4.8 50 6.6 498 42

06-18-04 <.01 1.7 40 6.7 613 56

06-22-05 <.01 2.3 37 6.5 637 55

06-13-06 <.01 2.1 – 6.6 639 49

06-20-07 <.01 2.4 12 6.6 494 43

06-18-08 <.01 3.8 14 6.7 556 49

06-16-09 .01 6.6 16 6.7 566 53

06-15-10 .01 5.5 40 6.8 577 35

06-21-11 <.01 2.7 23 6.7 557 31

06-05-12 <.01 4.6 18 7.1 487 26

07-10-13 <.01 3.5 27 6.5 495 41
24 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 <0.1 – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-14-01 .1 4.7 0.06 .16 .22 0.1

06-13-02 .3 8.8 <.05 .21 .38 .3

06-20-03 .1 2.3 <.06 .09 .12 .4

06-18-04 .4 3.0 – .13 .01 .4

06-23-05 .2 14 <.06 .12 .12 <.2

06-13-06 <.1 3.2 <.06 .14 .02 .4

06-20-07 .1 3.9 <.06 .15 .14 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 4.1 <.04 .15 .16 .38

06-15-09 <.1 3.5 <.04 .17 .02 .34

06-15-10 <.1 3.5 <.04 .16 .1 .4

06-21-11 .2 5.1 <.02 .21 .11 <.09

06-06-12 .1 3.6 <.02 .16 .07 .11

07-10-13 .2 4.0 <.04 .16 .09 <.09

P1-9 06-08-99 .3 – – .90 .03 –

06-22-00 .1 – – .69 .20 6.6

06-14-01 .1 1.7 <.05 .19 .05 7.6

06-13-02 .6 9.8 <.05 1.2 .42 5.6

06-20-03 .1 3.7 <.06 .24 <.01 7.0

06-18-04 .1 4.0 – .26 .14 7.3

06-23-05 .1 1.4 <.06 .11 .01 8.7

06-13-06 .2 9.6 <.06 1.4 .33 5.3

06-20-07 .1 4.5 <.06 .28 .13 7.0

06-18-08 <.1 10 <.04 .17 .07 7.9

06-16-09 .2 6.0 <.04 .60 .15 5.4

06-14-10 <.1 1.2 <.04 .16 <.01 8.6

06-21-11 .2 2.0 <.02 .20 .04 7.2

06-05-12 .2 .47 <.02 .11 .01 8.9

07-10-13 <.1 .48 <.04 .11 <.01 9.1

P1-10 06-07-99 .3 – – .10 .11 –

06-22-00 <.1 – – .07 .25 <0.3

06-13-01 .2 4.2 <.05 .07 .20 .06

06-12-02 .1 3.5 <.05 .05 .41 <.1

06-19-03 .1 3.5 <.06 .42 .34 2.6

06-18-04 .1 3.5 – .58 .35 <.2

06-22-05 .1 3.3 <.06 .74 .24 <.2

06-13-06 .1 3.4 <.06 .92 .15 <.2

06-20-07 <.1 4.2 <.06 .10 .31 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 4.2 <.04 .12 .23 <.18

06-15-09 .1 4.0 <.04 .24 .28 <.2

06-14-10 .1 5.0 <.04 .28 .19 <.2

06-21-11 .1 5.5 <.02 .43 .25 <.09

06-05-12 .1 5.4 <.02 .56 .28 .13

07-10-13 .1 5.5 <.04 .61 .32 <.09
Table 2 25

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 0.01 – – 7.6 381 –

06-14-01 .02 6.9 – 7.0 363 18

06-13-02 .02 11 40 6.9 482 35

06-20-03 <.01 9.6 <10 7.2 285 3.3

06-18-04 .01 1.7 <10 7.4 336 5.9

06-23-05 <.01 3.4 <10 7.5 308 4.2

06-13-06 <.01 4.5 <10 7.5 332 8.0

06-20-07 <.01 6.6 <10 7.5 348 5.9

06-18-08 <.01 7.9 <10 8.0 358 8.7

06-15-08 <.01 10 <10 7.9 356 6.7

06-15-10 <.01 13 15 7.6 353 6.0

06-21-11 .01 6.4 <10 7.6 361 15

06-06-12 <.01 9.6 <10 7.8 364 5.9

07-10-13 .01 8.1 <10 7.8 365 7.6

P1-9 06-08-99 <.01 – – 6.6 680 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.7 – 6.8 548 59

06-14-01 <.01 1.4 – 7.8 289 14

06-13-02 <.01 7.5 91 6.5 601 71

06-20-03 .01 2.5 27 7.0 353 23

06-18-04 <.01 .71 35 6.7 330 26

06-23-05 <.01 .02 <10 8.3 202 12

06-13-06 .01 3.2 37 6.6 728 112

06-20-07 <.01 1.4 10 7.4 325 31

06-18-08 <.01 .74 <10 7.6 235 28

06-16-09 <.01 6.7 14 6.8 507 72

06-14-10 <.01 .6 12 8.3 233 19

06-21-11 <.01 1.2 <10 7.5 326 28

06-05-12 <.01 .30 70 8.2 234 7.7

07-10-13 .02 .16 <10 8.1 237 6.9

P1-10 06-07-99 <.01 – – 6.7 560 –

06-22-00 <.01 1.3 – 7.1 500 15

06-13-01 <.01 4.9 – 7.2 476 15

06-12-02 <.01 18 51 6.8 438 14

06-19-03 <.01 8.2 30 6.6 425 16

06-18-04 <.01 .33 45 6.3 422 9.5

06-23-05 <.01 .71 40 6.6 420 11

06-13-06 <.01 6.3 29 6.6 437 26

06-20-07 <.01 6.1 15 6.3 391 15

06-18-08 <.01 4.7 11 6.8 358 7.3

06-15-09 <.01 3.4 35 6.7 406 6.6

06-14-10 <.01 4.1 50 6.7 431 6.5

06-21-11 <.01 3.6 40 6.8 407 5.6

06-05-12 <.01 7.5 15 6.8 410 6.5

07-10-13 <.01 6.3 40 6.6 383 8.2
26 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96 2.7R – 0.14 0.16 0.74 16

04-17-97 .1 – <.02 – .88 15

03-05-98 .3 – – .20 .73 –

10-05-98 .1 – – .19 .99 –

06-22-00 .2 – – .16 .80 13

06-12-01 .2 6.8 <.05 .16 .99 13

06-14-02 .1 6.2 <.05 .18 1.1 9.7

06-19-03 .1 6.5 <.06 .18 1.1 11

06-16-04 .1 6.2 – .17 1.0 10

06-21-05 .1 5.9 <.06 .16 1.0 9.5

06-14-06 .1 6.3 <.06 .14 .97 8.1

06-18-07 <.1 6.6 <.06 .14 .87 7.1

06-17-08 .1 6.4 <.04 .13 .86 6.9

06-17-09 .1 6.7 <.04 .15 1.1 6.9

06-15-10 .8 6.6 .05 .13 .78 6.6

06-22-11 .2 7.2 <.02 .14 .25 7.2

06-06-12 .1 6.9 <.02 .15 1.0 6.6

07-11-13 .2 7.1 <.04 .17 1.0 6.2

MW1-28 09-16-96 2.1R – <.02 .20 1.0 48

04-17-97 <.1 – .04 – .99 51

03-05-98 .5 – – .20 .67 –

10-07-98 <.1 – – .19 1.0 –

06-22-00 <.1 – – .16 .66 44

06-12-01 .5 6.9 <.05 .16 .90 45

06-14-02 .1 7.0 <.05 .16 .92 39

06-19-03 .1 6.8 <.06 .16 .66 39

06-16-04 .1 5.9 – .18 <.01 36

06-21-05 .2 6.3 <.06 .16 .98 37

06-14-06 .1 6.1 <.06 .16 .78 35

06-18-07 <.1 6.7 <.06 .16 .87 33

06-17-08 <.1 7.1 <.04 .15 .85 33

06-17-09 .2 6.5 <.04 .16 .96 33

06-15-10 .8 6.6 <.04 .15 .76 31

06-22-11 .2 7.0 <.02 .15 .69 5.8

06-06-12 .2 6.8 <.02 .14 .67 28

07-11-13 .1 7.0 <.04 .14 .84 25
Table 2 27

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96 <0.01 3.6 – 7.1 – 140

04-17-97 <.01 7.9 – 7.0 – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-05-98 <.01 – – 6.9 1,240 –

06-22-00 <.01 .79 – 6.9 1,230 170

06-12-01 <.01 4.7 – 6.7 1,180 160

06-14-02 <.01 7.0 83 6.7 1,030 170

06-19-03 <.01 8.1 65 6.7 1,180 170

06-16-04 <.01 1.4 40 7.1 1,210 160

06-21-05 <.01 2.1 33 6.9 1,150 160

06-14-06 <.01 2.4 27 6.9 1,090 140

06-18-07 <.01 1.3 27 6.6 1,040 140

06-17-08 <.01 2.8 35 6.9 1,040 140

06-19-09 – 5.1 <10 6.5 923 124

06-15-10 <.01 4.7 30 6.7 1,050 131

06-22-11 <.01 2.6 40 6.7 1,040 127

06-06-12 <.01 3.9 18 6.8 1,070 122

07-11-13 <.01 3.0 45 6.7 1,070 116

MW1-28 09-16-96 <.01 1.7 – – – 380

04-17-97 <.01 5.3 – 7.4 – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – –

10-07-98 .02 – – 6.6 2,630 –

06-22-00 <.01 .45 – 7.3 2,460 510

06-12-01 <.01 4.1 – 7.4 2,200 490

06-14-02 <.01 3.9 40 7.2 2,580 460

06-19-03 <.01 1.7 32 7.1 2,440 490

06-16-04 <.01 .77 21 7.2 2,280 450

06-21-05 <.01 1.0 23 6.9 2,210 472

06-14-06 .01 .83 21 7.0 2,110 443

06-18-07 .02 .67 25 7.1 2,060 430

06-17-08 <.01 1.5 13 7.1 2,080 420

06-17-09 <.01 2.2 <10 7.2 1,860 415

06-15-10 <.01 2.2 27 7.2 2,030 399

06-22-11 <.01 1.5 30 7.3 2,020 78

06-06-12 <.01 2.4 17 7.3 1,920 390

07-11-13 <.01 1.6 40 7.0 1,920 376
28 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 10-09-98 0.1 – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-20-00 .2 – <.05 .08 .10 2.3

06-12-02 <.1 – <.05 .08 .42 2.9

06-16-04 .1 4.9 – .06 .04 1.2

06-24-05 .1 4.4 <.06 .06 .09 3.3

06-14-06 .1 2.4 <.06 .01 .05 1.0

06-21-07 .6 4.7 <.06 .04 .04 3.1

06-17-08 .1 5.0 <.04 .04 .03 2.5

06-17-09 .4 4.5 <.04 .05 .10 3.4

06-15-10 <.1 4.3 <.04 .05 .03 2.3

06-22-11 .3 5.1 <.02 .05 .04 1.6

06-06-12 .2 4.9 <.02 .05 .02 1.1

07-11-13 .1 4.7 <.04 .01 .03 2.0

MW1-39 09-16-96 2.0R – <.02 .05 .33 0.7

04-17-97 <.1 – <.02 – .05 13

03-03-98 .3 – – .10 .03 –

10-09-98 <.1 – – <.01 .04 –

06-07-99 .3 – – .10 .02 –

06-20-00 .1 – <.05 .01 .07 .2

06-12-01 .3 3.3 <.05 .01 <.01 .1

06-12-02 <.1 2.8 <.05 .01 .10 .1

06-19-03 .1 2.5 <.06 .01 <.01 1.2

06-16-04 .1 2.4 – .01 .05 .1

06-14-06 .1 4.5 <.06 .05 .05 1.7

06-21-07 <.1 2.3 <.06 .01 .04 .98

06-17-08 .6 2.7 <.04 .01 .04 1.0

06-17-09 .4 2.0 <.04 .01 <.01 1.0

06-15-10 <.1 2.0 <.04 .01 .04 E.1

06-22-11 .1 2.1 <.02 .01 .03 <.09

06-06-12 <.1 2.0 <.02 .09 .08 .12

07-11-13 .1 1.9 <.04 .01 .03 .1
Table 2 29

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at wells and piezometers at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and 

Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013); prior to 2000, bicarbonate 

was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. Well or 

piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per 

centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were 

rejected because of inadequate well purging; *, concentration is microgram per liter (μg/L); <, actual value is less than value 

shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-38 10-09-98 0.02 – – 7.8 1,460 –

06-20-00 .03 .10 – 7.8 1,240 230

06-12-02 .04 1.1 7 7.6 1,350 230

06-16-04 .03 .13 11 7.4 1,130 200

06-24-05 .03 .05 <10 7.7 1,210 230

06-14-06 <.01 .41 <10 7.5 1,120 62

06-21-07 .05 .31 9 7.4 1,190 230

06-17-08 .02 .32 <10 7.7 1,140 220

06-17-09 .03 .77 <10 7.7 1,140 214

06-15-10 <.01 .64 – 7.5 864 180

06-22-11 .02 .85 <10 7.8 1,050 198

06-06-12 .03 2.4 <10 7.6 1,060 186

07-11-13 .05 .83 <10 7.5 1,060 192

MW1-39 09-16-96 .04 1.6 – – – 85

04-17-97 .06 6.1 – 7.9 – –

03-03-98 .05 – – – – –

10-09-98 .07 – – 8.1 502 –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 8.0 512 –

06-20-00 .08 .41 – 8.0 481 61

06-12-01 .05 2.7 – 7.8 472 61

06-12-02 .06 4.8 2 7.9 464 60

06-19-03 .05 5.4 <10 7.7 456 58

06-16-04 .07 .72 <10 7.4 451 58

06-14-06 .06 1.2 <10 8.0 461 210

06-21-07 .05 1.3 <10 7.7 453 60

06-17-08 .06 1.9 <10 7.9 451 59

06-17-09 .04 3.2 <10 8.0 450 56

06-15-10 .05 3.5 18 8.0 451 58

06-22-11 .05 2.3 <10 8.1 456 61

06-06-12 .04 1.1 <10 7.9 468 58

07-11-13 .04 1.9 <10 7.0 461 63
30 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013. 

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.12

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-12-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-13-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-05-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-16-04 <20 <20 130 130 730 E10 50

06-12-06 – – – – – E21 61

06-19-07 – – – – – E9.0 E38

06-17-08 – – – – – E47 110

06-15-09 – – – – – E19 E95

06-14-10 – – – – – E43 100

06-20-11 – – – – – 10 50

06-04-12 – – – – – 13 79

07-12-13 – – – – – 11 52

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – – .26

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <50 E12 630 E13 110 6.0 E1.1

06-12-06 – – – – – 5.0 <5.0

06-19-07 – – – – – E4.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – 7.0 E.70

06-15-09 – – – – – E10 <25

06-14-10 – – – – – 12 E1.7

06-20-11 – – – – – 9.4 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – 7.6 <.4

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E.68 E.23 E.48 E2.0 <5.0

06-20-07 – – – – – E11 <50

06-18-08 – – – – – E17 E13

06-15-09 – – – – – E21 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – E34 <100

06-20-11 – – – – – 8.9 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – 16 E13

07-12-13 – – – – – 9.4 10
Table 3 31

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-16-04 <20 E11 <40 <20 ND 1,000

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-12-13 – – – – – –

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 760

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 E3.1 E1.4

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-12-13 – – – – – –
32 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – – <0.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.27 <1.0 E0.23 E10 <100

06-12-06 – – – – – <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 – – – – – <120 <120

06-15-09 – – – – – <250 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – <250 <250

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 .2 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 – – – – – <1.1 <.8

07-09-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 11 6.1 <1.0 <4.0 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <0.20 .20 .10 <.20 – –

06-18-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.30 <1.0 <1.0 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 E29 E8.6

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.16 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.18 <1.0 <2.0 <250 <250

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 <2.0 <500 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <500 <500

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <1.1 <.8

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <.6 <.4

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 35 450 20 120 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <.20 53 4.3 72 – –

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 15 2.4 41 E33 E27

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 E44 E30

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 4.6 1.2 16 E35 E21

06-19-07 <1.0 <1.0 1.8 1.0 15 E42 E27

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.17 E.31 E.67 E64 E20

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.73 E.71 5.8 E60 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 .2 <.2 E67 <250

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.4 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 .2 .2 <2.0 26 <.8

07-09-13 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <.6 <.4

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 160 4,800 56 540 – –

06-13-01 <20 <20 4,900 46 652 – –

06-11-02 <.20 1.2 3,600 41 640 – –

06-18-03 <100 <100 3,200 E42 440 – –

06-17-04 <130 <130 2,300 E29 370 E7.0 E29

06-21-05 <67 <67 2,100 E30 360 E7.0 E20

06-12-06 <50 <50 1,600 E24 280 E6.0 E19

06-19-07 <40 <40 1,500 E24 280 E11 E29

06-16-08 <50 <50 1,600 E24 750 E14 E29

06-15-09 <40 <40 1,300 E34 350 E21 E50

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 1,200 16.9 314 E32 50

06-20-11 <10 <10 895 29 192 10 16

06-04-12 <10 <10 1,000 15.5 249 12 32

07-09-13 <10 <10 630 14 146 8 11
Table 3 33

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E1.7 <1.0 E.27 E2.2

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 <0.1 <0.1 – <.1 0.3 .2

06-04-12 – – – – – –

07-09-13 – – – – – –

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 M <4.0 <2.0 18 17

06-11-02 <.20 0.50 <.20 <.20 6.8 .80

06-18-03 <1.0 M <2.0 <1.0 4.0 E.30

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 4.4 ND

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 3.5 E.35

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.1 ND

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.9 E.18

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.5 E.19

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.3 ND

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.2 ND

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.3 ND

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 <16 4.0 <16 ND 630

06-11-02 <.20 .60 9.9 .20 3.3 140

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <1.0 E.38 6.9 <1.0 2.4 66

06-22-05 <1.0 E.31 2.6 <1.0 2.3 50

06-12-06 <1.0 E.32 4.4 <1.0 2.2 26

06-19-07 <1.0 E.42 5.6 <1.0 2.2 24

06-17-08 <1.0 E.24 9.1 <1.0 3.9 10

06-15-09 <1.0 E.26 6.4 <1.0 2.3 14

06-14-10 <.1 .2 – <.1 3.5 .4

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 – <.2 1.9 ND

06-04-12 <.1 E.1 – <.1 2.0 .5

07-09-13 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 1.3 ND

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 5,550

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 5,600

06-11-02 <.20 <10 .80 9.9 1.1 4,290

06-18-03 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 3,680

06-17-04 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 2,700

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,490

06-12-06 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,900

06-19-07 <40 <40 <80 <40 66 1,800

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,370

06-15-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,680

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 ND 1,530

06-20-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,120

06-04-12 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,260

07-09-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 790
34 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 440 400 4.0 11 – –

06-10-02 <0.20 <0.20 0.30 0.80 0.40 – –

06-18-03 <25 <25 E7.8 <25 <25 – –

06-17-04 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 23 <10

06-21-05 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E23 <100

06-12-06 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E16 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – E19 <100

06-16-08 <50 <50 <50 <50 <100 E45 <100

06-15-09 <20 <20 <20 <20 <40 E25 <250

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 E56 <250

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-04-12 <.1 <.1 .2 .5 <.2 11 <.8

07-09-13 <.1 <.1 .1 .4 <.2 < 1.1 <.8

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – – 12

06-18-04 <1,000 32,000 15,000 <1,000 1,600 E32 200

06-13-06 – – – – – E39 200

06-20-07 – – – – – 6.0 32

06-18-08 – – – – – 30 120

06-16-09 – – – – – 5.0 28

06-15-10 – – – – – 87 260

06-21-11 – – – – – 58 180

06-05-12 – – – – – 23 120

07-10-13 – – – – – 18 96

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 E.29 <1.0 E.74 E7.0 <50

06-13-06 – – – – – E9.0 E30

06-20-07 – – – – – E3.0 <25

06-18-08 – – – – – E6.0 E7.2

06-15-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50

06-15-10 – – – – – E12 E16

06-21-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-05-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-10-13 – – – – – <.6 <.4

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – – 70

06-22-04 <10 <10 E2.3 E4.2 E2.2 E38 E33

06-13-06 – – – – – E23 E6.8

06-20-07 – – – – – E24 E18

06-18-08 – – – – – E19 E6.3

06-16-09 – – – – – E53 <250

06-15-10 – – – – – E37 E5

06-21-11 – – – – – 8.6 <5.0

06-06-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-10-13 – – – – – 5.3 12
Table 3 35

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 <13 15 <13 47 870

06-10-02 <0.20 .30 21 <0.20 18 23

06-18-03 <25 <25 E19 <25 ND E27

06-17-04 <10 <10 23 <10 E4.5 23

06-21-05 <10 <10 21 <10 8.2 21

06-12-06 <10 <10 E14 <10 E4.2 E14

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND ND

06-15-09 <20 <20 E19 <20 ND E19

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 2.2 ND

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 ND ND

06-04-12 <.1 .1 – <.1 7.0 0.8

07-09-13 <.1 .1 – <.1 15 0.5

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 48,600

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.36 3.0 <1.0 E0.92 E4.6

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-05-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-22-04 <10 590 290 <10 367 890

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-10-13 – – – – – –
36 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 74 16,000 170 5,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 370 16,000 220 9,900 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 3,700 170 5,100 – –

06-20-03 <50 470 1,100 E39 1,300 – –

06-18-04 <20 <20 220 E11 570 7.0 210

06-22-05 <130 <130 4,200 E90 2,900 E30 590

06-13-06 <100 <100 300 E77 770 82 1,300

06-20-07 <8.0 <8.0 84 E5.4 140 7.0 180

06-18-08 <200 <200 8,800 E130 9,700 57 720

06-16-09 <100 180 3,900 E93 2,600 E40 450

06-15-10 <10.0 23.2 8,600 78.2 2,860 53 560

06-21-11 <10 <10 2,020 32 1,470 14 180

06-06-12 <10 <10 78.5 <10.0 151 E1.0 48

07-10-13 <10 <10 1,540 18.1 1,060 E4.3 72

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 26,000 35,000 210 3,100 – –

06-22-00 3.6 27,000 44,000 220 3,800 – 68

06-14-01 <20 26,000 37,000 190 4,000 – –

06-14-02 <20 37,000 62,000 400 5,700 – –

06-20-03 <2,000 28,000 35,000 <2,000 2,800 – –

06-18-04 <3,300 37,000 61,000 <3,300 5,100 E36 520

06-22-05 <2,000 28,000 59,000 E330 5,000 E45 480

06-13-06 <2,000 24,000 43,000 <2,000 3,800 E44 400

06-20-07 <2,000 33,000 44,000 E320 4,000 E47 460

06-18-08 <2,000 38,000 65,000 E370 14,000 88 850

06-16-09 <2,000 40,000 92,000 3,900 10,000 140 1,100

06-15-10 <50.0 10,900 27,700 184 3,480 140 550

06-21-11 <100 7,580 18,500 305 1,640 63 200

06-05-12 <100 9,230 19,000 129 2,380 60 330

07-10-13 <100 23,900 53,500 259 4,360 41 450

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 190 25,000 210 3,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 810 8,600 62 4,200 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 24,000 190 7,700 – –

06-20-03 <10 230 31 <10 E7.0 – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 2.7 <1.0 23 <50 E4.2

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 7.0 <1.0 21 <50 <50

06-13-06 <20 <20 620 E4.0 58 <50 E9.5

06-20-07 <4.0 E2.4 29 <4.0 41 <100 E13

06-18-08 <10 <10 160 <10 280 E6.0 E16

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 97 <5.0 120 <250 <250

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 188 <1.0 147 E16 <250

06-21-11 <10 <10 9,090 71 774 E3.0 7.1

06-06-12 <10 <10 39 <10 120 E4.6 16

07-10-13 <10 <10 20.9 <10 99.7 <.6 <.4
Table 3 37

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 1,500 300 <400 E87 23,400

06-14-01 <20 4,800 600 12 88 31,800

06-13-02 <20 4,300 1,400 <20 63 14,600

06-20-03 <50 380 270 <50 ND 3,550

06-18-04 <20 200 88 <20 ND 1,090

06-22-05 <130 370 400 <130 ND 7,960

06-13-06 <100 1,200 2,600 <100 E68 4,940

06-20-07 <8.0 69 78 <8.0 E1.4 380

06-18-08 <200 400 1,200 <200 E46 20,200

06-16-09 <100 130 310 <100 ND 7,210

06-15-10 <10.0 211 – <10.0 ND 11,700

06-21-11 <10 74 – <10 ND 3,600

06-06-12 <10 4.2 – <10 ND 230

07-10-13 <10 35.1 – <10 ND 2,650

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 <670 <1,300 <670 ND 64,300

06-22-00 0.24 17 8.4 72 – 75,100

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 44 ND 67,200

06-14-02 <20 14 <20 64 ND 105,100

06-20-03 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 65,800

06-18-04 <3,300 <3,300 <6,700 <3,300 ND 103,100

06-22-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 92,800

06-13-06 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 70,800

06-20-07 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 81,300

06-18-08 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 117,300

06-16-09 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 145,900

06-15-10 <50.0 <50.0 – <50.0 ND 42,200

06-21-11 <100 <100 – <100 ND 28,000

06-05-12 <100 <100 – <100 ND 30,700

07-10-13 <100 <100 – <100 ND 82,000

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 <710 <1,400 <710 ND 28,800

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 13,700

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 16 ND 31,900

06-20-03 <10 E4 <20 <10 ND 270

06-18-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 26

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 28

06-13-06 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 680

06-20-07 <4.0 <4.0 <8.0 <4.0 ND 72

06-18-08 <10 <10 <20 <10 ND 440

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 <10 <5.0 ND 220

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 330

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 9,930

06-06-12 <10 <10 – <10 ND 160

07-10-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 120
38 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 48,000 88,000 470 7,200 – –

06-22-00 E5.0 88,000 64,000 320 5,800 – 37

06-14-01 <40 29,000 7,300 32 450 – –

06-13-02 <20 90,000 79,000 590 7,900 – –

06-20-03 <1,000 60,000 27,000 <1,000 1,800 – –

06-18-04 <1,300 50,000 23,000 <1,300 2,100 16 200

06-23-05 <20 230 700 E3.2 97 <5.0 E4.0

06-13-06 <5,000 74,000 140,000 E850 10,000 66 1,200

06-20-07 <1,000 55,000 40,000 E200 4,200 32 340

06-18-08 <400 9700 13,000 E80 2,000 12 160

06-16-09 <2,500 62,000 100,000 E1,100 8,700 100 1,300

06-14-10 <10.0 1,720 7,090 28.8 660 5.7 88

06-21-11 <200 10,200 30,900 262 2,590 10 190

06-05-12 <200 193 495 <10 107 E1.8 31

07-10-13 95.3 397 4.2 54.4 <.6 6.9 <1.0

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 14,000 34,000 270 2,500 – –

06-22-00 1.0 8,700 13,000 100 2,300 – 2.3

06-13-01 <20 6,600 12,000 68 1,800 – –

06-12-02 <20 4,600 7,000 55 2,000 – –

06-19-03 <400 2,300 9,400 <400 1,100 – –

06-18-04 <200 1,600 3,900 <200 890 E12 E46

06-23-05 <100 1,100 3,000 E29 700 E3.0 7.0

06-13-06 <1,000 2,200 27,000 E160 2,500 E19 E53

06-20-07 <500 1,500 14,000 E130 1,700 E24 E34

06-18-08 <200 490 5,800 E60 1,100 E20 E23

06-15-09 <20 250 1,000 34 140 E11 E18

06-14-10 <10.0 4,130 940 16.2 43.2 E16 E20

06-21-11 <10 423 936 12.7 182 5.6 20

06-05-12 <10 93 4,390 20 996 15 97

07-10-13 <10 84.2 1,660 20 787 16 55

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – – 5.8

06-14-02 <20 276 1,830 31 278 – –

06-19-03 <67 E14 1,800 E34 210 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E5.0 E15

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,700 E30 220 E6.0 E13

06-14-06 – – – – – E7.0 E14

06-18-07 – – – – – E4.0 E8.1

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,700 E28 510 E9.0 E15

06-17-09 <40 E7.3 1,600 49 240 E11 E19

06-15-10 – – – – – E17 E26

06-22-11 <10 <10 1,140 26 150 E3.3 7.7

06-06-12 – – – – – E4.7 16

07-11-13 <10 <10 1,090 27.1 227 5 8.5
Table 3 39

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 143,600

06-22-00 <10 E2.6 <20 47 – 158,100

06-14-01 <40 <40 <40 <40 ND 36,700

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 54 11 177,500

06-20-03 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 88,800

06-18-04 <1,300 <1,300 <2,700 <1,300 ND 75,100

06-23-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,030

06-13-06 <5,000 <5,000 <10,000 <5,000 ND 224,800

06-20-07 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 99,400

06-18-08 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 24,700

06-16-09 <2,500 <2,500 <5,000 <2,500 ND 171,800

06-14-10 <10 <10 – <10 ND 9,500

06-21-11 <200 <200 – <200 ND 43,900

06-05-12 <200 <200 – <200 ND 790

07-10-13 <1.0 < 1.0 – <10 ND 550

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 50,700

06-22-00 <0.10 1.2 E.10 16 – 24,100

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 11 ND 20,400

06-12-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 13,600

06-19-03 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 12,800

06-18-04 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 6,390

06-23-05 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 4,820

06-13-06 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 31,800

06-20-07 <500 <500 <1,000 <500 ND 17,300

06-18-08 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 7,450

06-15-09 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,420

06-14-10 <10.0 <10 – <10 ND 5,120

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,550

06-05-12 <10 <10 – <10 ND 5,500

07-10-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,550

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,410

06-19-03 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,050

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 1,950

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,200

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,890

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,310

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,340
40 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – – 2.6

06-14-02 <20 69 1,600 72 700 – –

06-19-03 <50 <50 1,200 68 470 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E4.0 26

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,500 84 650 E4.0 E22

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 E18

06-18-07 – – – – – E3.0 E15

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,400 64 930 E6.0 28

06-17-09 <40 <40 1,400 84 730 E6.0 E35

06-15-10 – – – – – E10 E41

06-22-11 <10 <10 1,400 77 590 E1.4 19

06-06-12 – – – – – E3.9 E31

07-11-13 <10 <10 1,400 78.9 670 E3.6 25

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.57

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-21-07 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – E.26 <5.0

06-17-09 – – – – – <25 <25

06-15-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

06-06-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <.6 <.4

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 .30 <.50 1.0 – –

06-20-00 – – – – – – .26

06-12-01 – – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.60 <1.0 1.0 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 <50

06-21-07 – – – – – <25 <25

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.53 <1.0 3.0 <20 <20

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.42 <1.0 2.1 <50 <50

06-15-10 – – – – – <50 <50

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 .6 <.1 1.8 <5.0 <5.0

06-06-12 – – – – – <.6 <.4

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 .7 <.1 2.4 <.6 <.4
Table 3 41

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,440

06-19-03 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,730

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,230

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,390

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 2,210

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,060

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,140

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-17-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-01 – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.6

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 3.5

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 2.5

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 2.4

06-06-12 – – – – – –

07-11-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 3.1
42 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)

S-1 T 10-19-12 <0.1 3.6 7.9 0.3 0.2 – –

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 1.1 .1 1.4 – –

S-1 07-07-00 <.1 1.4 8.2 .69 1.5 – –

06-29-05 <1.0 3.5 26 E.83 20 E2.0 E2.9

06-18-10 <.1 .7 5.3 .8 13 – –

S-2 T 10-19-12 <.1 1.4 6.4 .2 1.0 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .2 1.3 <.1 2.2 – –

S-2 07-07-00 <.1 .6 11 1.3 2.8 – –

06-29-05 <2.5 6.4 92 E.69 17 E0.69 E1.4

06-18-10 <1.0 41.7 549 21.8 91 – –

10-19-12 <.1 5.5 13 1.2 .9 – –

S-2B T 10-19-12 <.1 .2 .6 .5 .8 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .3 2 2.7 216 – –

S-2B 06-29-05 <1.0 4.9 34 1.1 11 E2.0 E2.4

06-18-10 <.1 1.9 26 2.2 15 – –

S-3 T 10-19-12 <.1 .2 .8 .8 .4 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .1 .3 .3 .9 – –

S-3 07-07-00 <.1 .63 9.9 9.5 223 – –

06-29-05 <4.0 <4.0 E2.6 4.0 E2.2 E4 88

06-18-10 <1.0 <1.0 13 6.7 181 – –

07-18-13 **Ruptured

S-3B T 10-19-12 <.1 1.0 4.5 .2 .4 – –

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 1.2 <.1 .8 – –

S-3B 06-29-05 <2.0 4.6 100 E.88 39 5.0 7.3

06-18-10 <.1 3.2 28 1.6 14 – –

S-4 T 10-19-12 <10 141 20,900 90 3,200 – –

07-18-13 < 10 < 10 3,120 21.6 108 – –

S-4 07-07-00 <.1 45 19,100 136 5,610 – –

07-15-04 <1,000 <1,000 23,000 <1,000 17,000 22 1,100

06-29-05 <2,000 12,000 53,000 <2,000 5,300 16 180

06-18-10 <.1 .1 3.9 .4 5.8 – –

10-19-12 <10 23,200 73,200 492 5,130 – –

S-4B T 10-19-12 <1.0 2.0 297 <1.0 80 – –

07-18-13 <1.0 40.5 422 3.3 122 – –

S-4B 06-29-05 <4.0 120 140 E1.2 13 <5.0 <5.0

06-18-10 <.1 .2 1 <.1 <.2 – –

S-5 T 10-19-12 <1.0 111 1,210 4.4 52 – –

07-18-13 **Leaky bag no sample

S-5 07-07-00 <.1 49 80 1.3 17.5 – –

07-15-04 <50 E16 730 <50 97 E.87 12

06-29-05 <20 730 940 E7.8 60 <5.0 <5.0

06-18-10 <.1 .4 1.2 <.1 .3 – –

07-18-13 < .1 2.7 19.5 .1 23.7 – –

S-5B T 10-19-12 <1.0 1.9 434 3.0 418 – –

07-18-13 <1.0 < 1.0 131 2 954 – –
Table 3 43

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)

S-1 T 10-19-12 <0.1 0.7 – <0.1 ND 13

07-18-13 <.1 1 – < .1 0.1 3.6

S-1 07-07-00 <.1 4.6 24 <.10 2.6 40

06-29-05 <1.0 3.6 3.7 <1.0 E.30 57

06-18-10 <.1 1.4 – <.1 .5 21

S-2 T 10-19-12 <.1 .8 – <.1 ND 9.8

07-18-13 < .1 .6 – <.1 ND 4.3

S-2 07-07-00 <.1 6.1 10 <.10 2.6 31

06-29-05 <2.5 2.5 E2.6 <2.5 E.53 121

06-18-10 <1.0 2.1 – <1.0 ND 705

10-19-12 <.1 1.1 – <.1 0.5 22

S-2B T 10-19-12 <.1 1.0 – <.1 0.8 3.1

07-18-13 <.1 12.8 – <.1 1.6 233

S-2B 06-29-05 <1.0 3.4 6.1 <1.0 E0.94 60

06-18-10 <.1 2.8 – <.1 .3 47

S-3 T 10-19-12 <.1 .2 – <.1 0.2 2.4

07-18-13 <.1 .2 – <.1 0.4 1.8

S-3 07-07-00 <.10 454 36 <.10 4.5 733

06-29-05 <1.0 100 40 <4.0 E.9 148

06-18-10 <1.0 64 – <1.0 ND 264

07-18-13 **Ruptured

S-3B T 10-19-12 <.1 0.3 – <.1 0.3 6.4

07-18-13 <.1 0.1 – <.1 1.1 2.1

S-3B 06-29-05 <2.0 2.1 7.7 <2.0 E1.3 154

06-18-10 <.1 .3 – <.1 .4 47

S-4 T 10-19-12 <10 10 – 14 ND 24,350

07-18-13 <10 <10 – <10 ND 3,250

S-4 07-07-00 <.1 42 20 76 2.9 25,000

07-15-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 40,000

06-29-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 70,300

06-18-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 10

10-19-12 <10 11 – 64 12 102,100

S-4B T 10-19-12 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 370

07-18-13 <1.0 < 1.0 – <1.0 ND 587

S-4B 06-29-05 <4.0 <4.0 <8.0 <4.0 ND 274

06-18-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 1.2

S-5 T 10-19-12 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 1,370

07-18-13 **Leaky bag no sample

S-5 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – .2 .1 148

07-15-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 843

06-29-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,730

06-18-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 1.9

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 – .2 1.3 46

S-5B T 10-19-12 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 850

07-18-13 < 1.0 < 1.0 – < 1.0 ND 1,080
44 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

S-5B 06-29-05 <400 1,200 12,000 E100 E330 <5.0 E2.4

06-18-10 <1.0 4,550 3,020 146 576 – –

07-18-13 <.1 <10 11.6 <.1 1.1 – –

S-6 T 10-19-12 <.1 5.0 9.8 <0.1 0.8 – –

07-18-13 <.1 .9 4.9 <.1 2.1 – –

S-6 07-07-00 <.1 .2 8.0 .2 1.1 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 10 4.6 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 3.0 E.24 2.5 E9.0 E12

06-18-10 <.1 1.0 1.3 <.1 <.2 – –
Table 3 45

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

and passive-diffusion samplers collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, 1999–2013.—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), Huffman and Dinicola (2011), and Huffman (2013). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Well or piezometer 

No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; S, passive-diffusion sampler; T, denotes samplers deployed in an access tube. Total CVOCs: Sum of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds; concentrations <100 μg/L were rounded to two significant figures; 100–100,00 μg/L were rounded to three significant figures; 

>100,000 were rounded to four significant figures. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 

1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not 

quantified; μg/L, microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Marsh (passive-diffusion samplers)—Continued

S-5B 06-29-05 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 13,600

06-18-10 <1.0 <1.0 – 5.4 ND 8,290

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 .7 12

S-6 T 10-19-12 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 15

07-18-13 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 7.9

S-6 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – <.1 .6 9.5

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 14

06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 5.7

06-18-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 2.3
46 Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Quality Control of U.S. Geological Survey 

2013 Geochemical Sampling

Quality assurance and quality control of geochemical 

sampling included collecting duplicate and field blank 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs) (table A1). The field blank was 

collected by pumping inorganic blank water and VOC-free 

water through clean tubing to determine possible sampling 

contamination. Complete laboratory quality assurance and 

control data from TestAmerica Laboratories are on file with 

the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Washington Water 

Science Center in Tacoma, Washington. 

A duplicate sample was collected and analyzed by the 

National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) for organic 

carbon, manganese, nitrate plus nitrite, sulfate, and chloride 

for piezometers P1-7 and P1-9. The relative percent difference 

of duplicate results for these constituents for the sample 

collected at P1-7 agreed within 4.3 percent or less. The relative 

percent difference for the same constituents collected from 

piezometer P1-9 did not compare as favorably, ranging from 

4.0 to 21.5 percent. Duplicate samples were collected and 

analyzed for VOCs by the NWQL and dissolved gases (ethane 

and ethene) by TestAmerica Laboratories at piezometers P1-7 

and P1-9, with relative percent difference between as high as 

4.2 and 80 percent, respectively. Piezometer P1-9 historically 

has had highly variable constituent concentrations in samples, 

and the duplicate sample likely does not reflect poor precision 

and or accuracy from field sampling or laboratory techniques. 

Chloroethenes, chloroethanes, and BTEX (benzene, 

toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) compounds were not 

detected in the field blank sample collected at piezometer 

P1-10. No changes were made to the data set based on these 

quality control data.

Table A1. Quality assurance and quality control data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2013.

[Well or piezometer No.: D denotes duplicate sample; FB denotes field blank sample. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, 

tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; TCA, 

1,1,-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; CVOCs, sum 

of all chloroethenes and chloroethane concentrations shown in table. Abbreviations: mg/L, micrograms per liter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; ND, not 

detected. Symbols: <, actual value is less than the value shown; –, not analyzed. *, concentration is in micrograms per liter]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

P1-8 07-10-13 <10.0 <10.0 20.9 <10.0 99.7 <0.6 <0.4 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

P1-8 D 07-10-13 <10.0 <10.0 61.4 <10.0 142 <0.6 <0.4 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

MW1-28 07-11-13 <10.0 <10.0 1,400 78.9 670 E3.6 25 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

MW1-28 D 07-11-13 <10.0 <10.0 1,350 74.2 673 E3.5 29 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0

MW1-17 FB 07-12-13 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <.6 <.4 <.1 <.1 <.1

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

Total Filtered 

(dissolved)

organic 

carbon(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite

(mg/Las N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

BTEX

(μg/L)

CVOCs

(μg/L)

P1-8 07-10-13 ND 120 4.43 <0.040 167 <0.09 7.1 10

P1-8 D 07-10-13 ND 203 3.98 <.040 155 <.09 8.1 7.6

MW1-28 07-11-13 ND 2,140 6.93 <.040 146 25.4 1.9 376

MW1-28 D 07-11-13 ND 2,090 6.97 <.040 138 25.2 1.6 370

MW1-17 FB 07-12-13 ND ND .27 <.040 <.16* <.09 <.2* <.06
Publishing support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey

Science Publishing Network, Tacoma Publishing Service Center

For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the

 Director, Washington Water Science Center

U.S. Geological Survey

934 Broadway, Suite 300

Tacoma, Washington 98402 

http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Huffman—Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, OU1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Keyport, Washington, July 2013—Data Series 871

ISSN 2327-638X (online)

http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds/871