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# 96 ) 11-1-9 7 Docket Number: 

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# MIC A B y Jame s B . Hedric

k Mic ai s agrou

p of phyllosilicat

e mineral s tha

t hav e alayere

d o r plat y texture . Phyll o i s derive d fromthe Gree

k word , phyllon , meanin g leaf . Th e commerciall

y importan t mica s ar e muscovit

e an d phlogopite . Compose

d o f tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedra l layers , the mic agrou

p i s characterize d b

y partia l substitutio n of

aluminu m fo r silico n i n th e silicat e tetrahedron . Thi s substitution i n th e lamina

r structur e provide s charge s t o bin

d interlaye r univalen t an d divalen t cations , typicall

y potassium , magnesium, calcium , an d sodium . Layerin g i n th e univalen t (potassium , sodium

) o r "true " mica s impart s perfec t basa l cleavage , allowin

g crystal s t o b e split int o ver y thi n sheet s tha

t ar e toug h an d flexible . Layerin

g i n the divalen

t o r "brittle " mica s als o impart s perfec t basa l cleavage ; however , the greate r bon d strength s mak

e the mmor e brittl e an d les s flexible. Th e valu e of

mic ai s i n it s uniqu

e physica l properties . The crystalline structur

e o f mic aform

s mineral s tha

t ca n b e split o r delaminate d int o thin sheet s tha

t ar e platy , flexible , elastic , transparen t t o opaque , resilient , reflective , refractive , dielectric , chemicall y inert , insulating , lightweight , an d hydrophilic . Mic ai s als o stabl e whe

n exposed to extrem

e temperature , electricity , light , an d moisture . Muscovit

e i s the principa

l mic ause d based o n it s greate r abundanc e an

d superio r electrica l properties . Phlogopit

e remain s stabl e a

t highe r temperature s an

d i s use d i n application s wher e acombinatio

n o f hig h hea t stabilit y an d electrica l propertie s i s required . Muscovit

e an d phlogopit

e ar e use d i n bot h shee t an d groun d forms . I n 1997 , abou

t 114,000 metri c ton s of

scra p an d flak e mic awa s produce d i n th e United States , 17.5 % mor e tha n tha t i n 1996 . (Se

e table I.) Groun

d mic asale s wer

e 110,00 0 ton s value d a

t $37. 0 million , a n increas e i

n tonnag e of

6.8% . Essentiall

y al l ofth e shee

t mic ause d i n th e Unite d State s was imported , primaril y fro mIndia . Consumptio n of

muscovit e bloc k mic aincreased 23 % to 6 tons , value d a t $249,000 . Consumptio

n of mic asplitting s decreased fro m 85 9 ton s i n 199 6 to 73 6 ton s i

n 1997 . Worke

d an d unworked shee

t mic aexport s increased 28 % to 1,07 0 ton s while the valu e gaine d 19 % t o $13. 3 million . Th

e value of 5,76 0 ton s of import s o f

worked an d unworke d shee t mic aincrease

d 11 % t o $14. 6 million . Legislatio n an

d Governmen

tProgram

s Th e calenda r yea r 199 7 include d part s ofth e U.S . Governmen t fisca l year s (Octobe

r 1 to Septembe

r 30 ) 199 7 an d 1998 . Publi c La w 104-201 , th e Nationa

l Defens e Authorizatio n Ac t fo r Fisca l Yea r 1997 , wa s enacted o

n Septembe

r 23,1996 . I

t di d not chang e th e previou s authorization s fo

r disposa l of specific mic astocks . Th

e Nationa l Defens e Authorizatio n Ac t fo r Fisca l Yea r 1998 , Publi c La w 105-85 , als o know

n a s th e "Strategi c an

d Critica l Stoc k Pilin g Aa, " wa s enacte d o n Novembe

r 18,1997 . I

t als o did no t

chang e th e previou s authorization s fo

r disposa l of specific mic astocks . Stock s of micaclassifie

d a s exces s to goa

l a t the en d of fisca l yea r 1997 (Septembe

r 30 , 1997 ) included 929,524 kilogram s o f muscovit e bloc k (staine d an d better) , 15,95 0 kilogram s o f muscovit e film(1s t

an d 2 d qualities) , 5,643,13 5 kilogram s of muscovit e splittings , an

d 265,18 5 kilogram s of phlogopit

e splittings . Phlogopit e bloc k i n th e stockpil e i s 84,26 5 kilogram s below th e goa l o f 143,57 0 kilograms . N o phlogopit e bloc k wa s purchased durin g fisca l yea r 1997 . (See table 2.) Production Domesti c min e productio n dat afo r mic aar e developed b

y th e U.S . Geologica l Surve y fro mfou r separat e voluntar y surveys . O

f the 1 6 operation s to whic

h the Crude Scrap and

Flake Mica productio n for mwa s sen

t (includin g sericit

e production) , 1 2 operation s responded . Ofth e 1 4 operation s t o whic h th e Ground

Mica for m wa s sent, 8 operation s responded , representin g 65 % ofth e domesti c groun d micaproductio

n note d i n tabl e 1 (exclude s low-grad e groun d sericit e production) . Of

th e five surveyed operation s to whic h th e Mica Block

and Film consumptio n for

mwa s sent , fou

r operation s responded . O

f the eigh t surveyed operation s to whic h th e Mica Splittings consumptio

n for mwa s sent , seve

n operation s responded . Consumptio

n forth e nonrespondent s wa s estimated usin g prior-yea r production data . Individua

l compan y production an

d consumption dat aar e withhel d t o avoid disclosin g compan

y proprietar

y data . Th e Georgi aIndustria l Mineral s (GIM ) compan

y bega n operation of aplacer mic aoperatio n i

n lat e 199 6 i n Dee p Step , GA , nea

r Sandersville . The mine i s th e first place r mic aoperation t

o operat e i n th e Unite d States . GI

M produce s dr

y groun d an d we t groun d mic a an d byproduc

t san d an d gravel . (Georgi aDepartmen t of Transportation , accesse d Marc h 24 , 1998 , a

t UR L http://www . dot.state.ga.us/homeoffs/fpmr.www/qpl O 1 .htm) . Th e min e an

d plan t facilitie s o f

Aspect Minerals , Inc. , i

n Nort h Carolin awer e purchased b

y Zeme x Industria l Minerals , Inc . (ZIM) , awholl y owne d subsidiar y ofth e Canadia

n company , Zeme

x Corp . The sal e wa s completed i

n Januar y 1998 . The acquire d propertie s wil l b e operated unde

r th e ne w ZI M subsidiary , Zeme

x Mic aCorp . (Zemex Corporation , accesse d Februar y 17 , 1998 , a

t UR L http://www.zemex.com/zemex/newsmica.htm) . FM C Corp . planned to clos e it s lithium-feldspar-mic aoperation s a t Besseme r City , NC , i

n 1998 . Lowe

r cos t foreig n lithiu mdeposit s wer e th e primar

y reason fo

r th e planned closure . Byproduct mic a produce d durin

g the processin g o

f th e spodumen

e or e wa s dr y groun d a t FMC' s mic aan

d feldspathi c san

d plan t i n Pacolet , SC . Scrap and Flake Mica. —Ten domesti c companie s wit h 1 3 mine s i n 5 State s produce

d scra p an d flake mic a(excluding low-grad e sericite ) i n 1997 . Th e Unite d State s wa s the world' s larges t produce r wit h 114,00 0 tons . Nort

h Carolin aremained the majo r producin g State , wit

h 58 % o f domesti c production . The remainde r wa s produce

d i n Georgia , Ne w Mexico , Sout h Carolina , an

d Sout h Dakota . Mos

t mic awa s recovere d fro

mmic aschist , high-qualit

y sericit e schist, weathere

d pegmatites , an

d a s acoproduct

of feldspar , kaolin , an d lithium . (Se e table 3.) Th e scra p an d flak e mic aproducers , i

n alphabetica

l order , wer

e U.S . GEOLOGICA L SURVEY—MINERAL S INFORMATION—199 7P. 3

Engelhard Corp. , Hartwell , GA ; The Feldspa r Corp. , aZeme

x Industria l Minerals Company , Spruce Pine , NC ; FM C Corp . Lithiu

m Division , Besseme

r City , NC ; Georgi aIndustria l Minerals , Dee

p Step , GA ; Frankli

n Industria

l Minerals , adivision of

Frankli n Industrie s Inc. , King s Mountain , N C an d Velarde , NM ; K- T Feldspa r Corp. , Spruc e Pine , NC ; Th e Minera l Minin g Co. , Kershaw , SC ; Pace r Corp. , Custer

, SD ; Tinto n Enterprises , Spearfish , SD ; Unimi n Corp. , Spruc

e Pine , NC ; an

d Zeme x Mic aCorp. , aZeme

x Industria l Mineral s Company , Micaville , NC . Ground Mica. —Nine companie s operate d 1 5 grindin g plant s i n 5 States . Eleve

n plant s produced dry-groun d mic aan d fou r plant s produce d wet-groun

d mic aThe fou

r larges t groun d mic a companies , includin

g one compan

y wit h fou r plants , accounte

d fo r 69 % o f th e tota l of 110,00 0 tons . (See table 4.) Dry-groun d micaproducers , i

n alphabetica

l order , were : Ashevill e Mic aCo. , Asheville , NC ; Georgi aIndustria l Minerals , Dee

p Step , GA ; Frankli

n Industria l Minerals , adivisio n of

Franklin Industrie s Inc. , King s Mountain , NC , an d Velarde , NM ; Minera

l Minin g Co . Inc. , Kershaw , SC ; Pace

r Corp. , Custer , SD ; Piedmon t Minerals , Hillsborough , NC ; Sparta

n Mineral s Corp. , asubsidiar y o f FM C Corp . Lithiu

mDivision , Pacolet , SC ; US G Corp. , Spruc e Pine , NC , an d Zeme x Mic aCorp. , aZeme

x Industria

l Mineral s Company , Spruc e Pine , NC . Wet-groun

d mic aproducers , i

n alphabetica

l order , were : Engelhar

d Corp. , Hartwell , GA ; Georgi aIndustria l Minerals , Dee p Step , GA ; KM

G Mineral s Division o f

Franklin Industrie s Inc. , King s Mountain , NC , an

d Zeme x Mic aCorp. , aZeme

x Industria l Mineral s Company , Bakersville , NC . Consumptio n Statistic s o

n domesti c mic aconsumptio n ar e developed b

y surveyin g variou s processor s an

d manufacturers , evaluatin g import
expor t data , an d analyzing Governmen

t stockpil e shipments . Sheet Mica. —Sheet

mic ai s use

d principall

y i n th e electroni c an

d electrica l industries . It s usefulnes s i n thes e application s i s derived fromit s unique electrica

l an d therma l insulatin g propertie s an

d it s mechanica l properties , whic

h allo w i t t o b e cut , punched , stamped , an d machine d to clos e tolerances . Th e larges t us e o f bloc k mic ai s a s a

n electrica l insulator i n electroni c equipment . High-qualit y mic ai s als o used to lin

e th e gaug e glasse s o f

high-pressur

e stea mboiler s becaus e o f

it s transparency , flexibility, an

d resistanc e to hea

t an d chemica l attack . Other use s includ

e diaphragm s fo

r oxygen-breathin g equipment , marker dial s fo r navigatio n compasses , optica l filters, retardatio n plate s i n helium-neo

n lasers , pyrometers , therma l regulators , an

d stov e an d kerosen e heate r windows . Specialize d application s fo r shee t mic aar e foun d i n groun d an d air-launche d missil e systems , optica l instrumentation , lase

r devices , medica

l electronic s fo

r radiatio n treatment , rada

r systems , an

d aerospac e components . Muscovit e filmmic ai s use

d a s adielectri c i

n capacitors . Onl

y high-qualit y mic ai s use d i n thi s application . The highes t grad e fil m i s use d i n capacitor s tha

t ar e manufacture

d a s calibratio n standards . Th e nex t grad e dow n i s use d i n transmittin g capacitors . Receiving capacitor s us e aslightl

y lowe r grad e of high-qualit

y muscovite . Consumptio

n o f muscovit e bloc k (rub y an d nonruby ) totale d 8,18 0 kilograms , a46 % increas e fromtha t o f 1996 . Stained an

d lower
than-staine d qualit

y remaine d i n greates t demand , accountin g fo

r 94.3 % o f rub y mic ablock . Consumptio

n of nonruby mic abloc

k wa s spil t 13 % fo r goo d qualit y an d 87 % fo r staine d quality . The us e of bloc k mic ai n 199 7 wa s highe

r a s deman

d increase d i

n bot h electroni c an

d nonelectroni c applications . Fiv e companie s continued to consum e muscovit e bloc k an d film i n five plant s i

n fou r States : tw o i

n Nort h Carolin aan

d one eac h i n Ne w Jersey , Ohio , an

d Virginia . Mic asplitting s represent s th e larges t par t of th e sheet mic a industr y i n the United States . Muscovit e an d phlogopit

e splitting s ar e use d to mak

e built-u p mica . Consumption o f

muscovit e an d phlogopite splitting s decrease d 14.3 % i n 1997 to 73 6 tons . (See table 6.) Muscovit

e splitting s fromIndi aaccounted fo r essentially al

l ofth e domesti c consumption . Th e remainde r of consumptio n wa s primaril y phlogopit

e splitting s importe d fromMadagascar . The splitting s wer

e fabricated int

o variou s built-u

p mic aproduct s b

y eigh t companie s operatin g eigh

t plant s i n 7 States . Built-Up Mica. —Produced b y mechanica

l o r han d settin g of overlapping splitting s an

d alternat e layer s o f binder s an d splittings , built-u p mic ai s primaril

y use d a s a n electrica l insulatio n material . Majo r product s ar e moldin g plate , segmen

t plate , flexible plate , tape , heate r plate , mic apaper , an

d bondin g materials . (See table 7.) Segmen t plat e act s a s insulatio n betwee

n th e coppe

r commutato

r segment s o f

direct-curren

t universa l motor s an

d generators . Phlogopit e built-u p mic ai s prefeiTe

d becaus e i

t wil l wea r a t th e sam e rat e a s th e coppe

r segments . Muscovit

e ha s agreate

r resistanc e to wear, causin

g uneve n ridge s tha

t ma y interfer e wit h th e operatio n of amotor o r generator . Consumption o f segmen t plat e wa s 13 3 ton s i n 1997,23 % lowe

r tha n i n 1996 . Moldin g plat e i s shee t fromwhic h V-ring s ar

e cu t an d stamped fo

r us e i n insulatin g th e coppe r segment s fromth e stee

l shaf t end s a t th e en d o f acommutator . Moldin

g plat e i s als o fabricated int

o tube s an d ring s fo r insulation i

n transformers , armatures , an d moto r starters . Consumptio

n of moldin g plat e decrease d 2 % fro

m17 9 ton s i

n 199 6 t o 17 6 ton s i

n 1997 . Flexibl e plat

e i s used i n electri c moto

r an d generator

armatures , fiel d coi l insulation , an

d magne t an d commutato

r cor e insulation . Mic aconsumptio

n i n flexibl e plat e decrease d fro

m123 ton s i

n 199 6 to 11 0 ton s i

n 1997 . Heate r plat e i s use d wher e high-temperatur

e insulatio n i s required . Consumptio n o f

mic ai n heate r plat e decrease d i

n 1997 . Som e type s o f built-u p mic ahav e th e bonde

d splitting s reinforced wit h specia l paper, silk , linen , muslin , glass , cloth , o r plastic . Thes e product s ar

e ver y flexible an

d ar e produced i

n wide , continuou s sheet s tha t ar e eithe r shippe d rolle d o

r cu t int o ribbons , tapes , o

r trimme d t o specified dimensions . Built-u p mic aproduct s ar

e als o corrugate d o

r reinforced b

y multipl e layering . Th e tota l amoun t o f built-u p mic atha t wa s consume

d o r shipped wa s 56 7 tons , adecreas e of

10 % fromth e 199 6 level . Segmen t plat e an d molding plat

e wer e th e majo r en d product s an

d accounte d fo

r 23 % an d 31 % ofth e total , respectively . Reconstituted

Mica (Mica Paper). —Primary use s fo r mic apape r ar e th e sam e as thos e fo

r built-u p mica . Thre e companie s consumed scra p mic ato produc

e mic apaper . Th e principa

l sourc e ofth e scra

p wa s India . Manufacturing companie s i n 199 7 were : Coron aFilm s Inc. , Wes t Townsend , MA ; Genera

l Electri c Co. , Coshocton , OH ; an d U.S . Samic aCorp. , Rutland , VT . Ground Mica. —The larges

t domesti c us e o f

dr y groun d mic awa s i n join t compoun d fo r filling an d finishin g seam s an

d blemishe s i

n gypsu mwal l boar d (drywall) . Th e mic aact s a s afiller an d extender , provide s asmoot

h consistency , improve s th e workabilit y o f the compound , an

d impart s resistanc e to cracking . Join t compoun d U.S . GEOLOGICA L SURVEY—MINERAL S INFORMATION—199 7P. 4

accounte d fo r 51.3 % of dry-ground mic aconsumption . I n the pain t industry , ground mic ai s use d a s apigmen

t extende r tha t als o facilitate s suspension , reduce s chalking , prevent s shrinkin g an d shearing ofth e pain

t film, increase s resistanc e ofth e pain t film t o wate r penetratio n an

d weathering , an

d brighten s th

e tone o f colore d pigments . Mic aals o promote s pain t adhesio n i n bot h aqueou s an d oleoresinou s formulations . Consumptio n o f dry-groun d mic ai n paint , it s secon

d larges t use , accounted fo

r 24.3 % ofth e 199 7 total . Groun d mic ai s use

d i n th e well-drilling industr

y a s a n additiv e t

o drillin g muds . Th

e coarsel y groun d mic aflake s hel

p preven t los s o f circulatio n b

y sealing porou s section s ofth e dril l hole . Th e rubbe r industr y use s groun

d mic aa s a

n iner t filler an d a s a mold releas e compoun

d i n th e manufactur

e of molde d rubbe r product s suc

h a s tire s an

d roofing . The plat

y textur e act s a s a n antiblocking , antistickin g agent . Rubbe r mol d lubrican t accounted fo r 3.3 % o f dry-groun d mic aus e i

n 1997 . Th e plastic s industr

y use s dry-groun

d mic aa s a

n extende r an d filler , especiall y i n part s fo r automobile s fo

r lightweigh

t insulation to suppres s soun

d an d vibration . Mic ai s use

d i n plasti c automobil e fasci aan d fenders a s areinforcing material , providing improve d mechanica l properties , increased strength , stiffness , an d dimensiona

l stability . Mica-reinforced plastic s als o hav e high-hea t dimensiona

l stability , reduced warpage , an d the bes t surfac e propertie s ofan y fille d plasti c composite . Consumption of dry-groun d mic ai n plasti c application s accounte

d fo r 3.1 % ofth e marke t i n 1997 , slightl

y lowe r tha n th e 3.5 % i

n 1996 . Groun d mic ai s use

d i n th e productio n o f rolled roofin

g an d asphal t shingles , wher

e i t serve s a s asurface coating t o preven t sticking o f adjacen t surfaces . The coating i s no t absorbed b

y freshly manufacture

d roofing because mica' s plat y structur e i s unaffecte

d b y th e aci d i n asphal t o r b y weatherin

g conditions . A s arubbe

r additive , mic areduce s ga s permeation an d improve s resiliency . Othe r use s includ

e decorativ e coating s o

n wallpaper , concrete , stucco , an d til e surfaces . I

t i s als o use

d a s a n ingredien

t i n som e specia l greases , a s aflu

x coating o

n welding rods , an

d i n foundr y application s a s coating s fo

r cor e an d mol d releas e compounds , mol

d washes , an d facin g agents . Stock s Governmen

t stock s o f mic ai n th e Nationa

l Defens e Stockpil e (NDS ) ar e comprised o f

stockpile-grad

e muscovit

e block , staine d an d better ; muscovit

e film, firs

t an d secon d quality ; muscovit

e splittings ; phlogopit

e block ; an d phlogopit

e splittings . ND S stock s o f muscovit e block , muscovit

e film, an d muscovit

e an d phlogopit

e splitting s wer

e availabl e fo r sal e fromth e Defens e Nationa

l Stockpil e Center , For t Belvoir , VA . Yearen

d 199 7 stock s o f variou s type s of mic ai n th e ND S ar

e show n i n tabl e 2 . Reporte d yearen d industr y stocks of

muscovit e mic abloc

k (ruby an d nonruby ) decrease d slightl y fro m21. 5 ton s i

n 199 6 to 21. 2 ton s i n 1997 . Industr

y stock s of muscovit e an d phlogopit

e mic asplitting s increase d fro m41 6 ton s a

t yearen d 199 6 to 44 5 ton s a

t yearend 1997 . (See table 6.) forth e highes t quality . Th

e averag e value s o f

muscovit e shee t mic a consume d i n th e Unite d State s i n 1997 compare d wit

h 199 6 wer

e a s follows : bloc

k (rub y an d nonruby ) decrease d 47 % t o $4 1 pe r kilogra man d muscovit

e splitting s decrease d 7 % t o $1.5 1 pe

r kilogram . (See table 2.) Th e averag e valu e o f phlogopit e block decrease d fro

m$19.8 4 pe

r kilogra mi n 199 6 t o $18.5 1 pe

r kilogra mi n 1997 . The averag e valu e o f phlogopit e splitting s increase d fro

m$4.4 0 pe

r kilogra mi n 199 6 to $4.9 6 pe

r kilogra mi n 1997 . Th e averag e U.S . valu e of crud e flak e mica , including high-qualit y sericite , increased to $8 3 pe r ton . Th e averag e valu e fo r Nort h Carolin aflake mic aincrease d to $7 9 pe r ton i n 1997 . I n 1997 , the valu e o f diy-groun d mic adecrease d slightl

y to averag e $17 6 pe

r to n while wet-groun

d mic aincrease d to averag e $1,08 0 pe r ton . World Revie

w Demand increase

d fo r mic ai n th e United State s an

d i n foreig n market s i n 1997 . Foreign trade increased wit h th e valu e o

f U.S . export s of mic aincreasing 20.3 % to $17. 8 millio n a s th e quantit y increase d 10 % t

o 9,21 0 tons . Import s of

mic aals o increased wit

h th e valu e o f U.S . import

s of mica, increasin

g 10.4 % i n valu e t o $24. 9 millio n an d th e quantit y increasin g 16.9 % t o 29,00 0 tons . (See table 13.) Domesti c groun

d mic aimport s increase d to 6,31 0 tons , u p 48 0 ton s fromth

e 199 6 level . Export

s o f crud e an d rifte d mic aincreased , u p 9.8 % to 1,53 2 tons . (See table 8.) Export s of worke d mic ashee

t i n 199 7 decline d 6.8 % to 564 tons . (See table 9.) The value o f U.S . export s o f worke d mic ashee

t increased t

o $11. 7 million , 9.8 % highe r tha n tha t i n 1996 . Th e United State s continue d t o rel y o n imports , primaril

y fro m India, fo r essentiall y al l o f it s suppl y of shee t mic aan d paper-qualit

y scra p mica . Import

s fo r consumptio

n o f unmanufacture

d spli t block , film, splitting , an

d micashee

t catagorize d a s other , wer

e abou t 4,08 0 tons , 19.9 % les s tha

n tha t i n 1996 . (See table 10.) Abou t 13,00 0 ton s of ground mic awa s imported i n 1997 , mostl

y fro mCanada . (See table 11.) Worked mic aimport s wer e 41 % highe r tha n thos e i n 1996 , a t 1,54 1 tons . (See table 12.) Canada. —Zemex Corp . (Toronto ) acquire d th e mic aoperation s o f Aspec t Minerals , Inc. , i

n Nort h Carolina , fo

r aroun d $2. 2 million plu s th e assumption of

curren t debt . Zeme

x Corp.' s wholl

y owne d subsidiary , ZI

M announce d o

n Januar y 28,1998 , i

t woul d operat e th e min e an d processin g plant s unde

r th e nam e Zeme x Mic aCorp . ZI M alread y operate d thre e othe

r companie s includin g Th

e Feldspa r Corp. , Suzorit

e Mineral s Product s Inc. , an d Suzorit e Mic aProduct s Inc . (Zeme

x Corp. , accesse d Februar y 17 , 1998 , a

t UR L http://www.zemex.eom/zemex/newsmica:htm) . Finland. —KemiraPigment s O y announced i

t woul d sel l it s pearlescen t pigment s (mic abased

) operation s to Germa

n corporation Eckart-Werk

e Gmb H & Co . Eckart-Werk

e establishe d th e Finnish company , Eckar

t Pigment s Oy , to operat

e th e plan t a t Pori . Al l Kemir aemployee s a

t th e plan t wer e t o b e transferre d t

o th e ne w company . (News , Kemir

aToday , accesse d Ma

y 5 , 1998 , a

t UR L http://www.kemira.com/news/news43.htm) . Price s Outloo k Shee t mic aprice s var

y wit h grad e an d ca n range fro mles s tha n $ 1 pe r kilogra mfo r low-qualit y mic ato mor

e tha n $2,00 0 pe

r kilogra m Th e outloo k

fo r mic ai s fo r averag e productio n growt

h o f 3 % to 5 % annuall y base d o n variou s economi c factors . Th e majo r market s U.S . GEOLOGICA L SURVEY—MINERAL S INFORMATION—199 7P. 5

fo r groun d mica , join t

compound s an

d paints , ar

e matur e an d relativel y stable , an d growt h i s tied to ne

w housing start s an

d interes t rates. To alesse

r extent , widesprea

d natura l disaster s als o affec

t the market , creating immediat e deman d fo r residentia

l building materials . Deman

d i s als o responsiv e to automobil e production because interio

r an d exterio r parts typicall

y contai n dry-groun

d mica , whil e exterio

r surface s are painte d wit

h wet-ground pearlescen

t pigment s an

d mica-containin g coatings . I n 199 8 an d 1999 , domesti c deman

d fo r crud e an d groun d mic ai s expected to remai

n stable . Deman

d fo r dry
- an d wet-groun

d mica s i s expected to improve i

n th e shor t ter mto mee t increasing deman

d fo r pearlescen

t paint s an d cosmetics . Market s fo

r dry-groun d mic a ar e forecas t t o grow 5 % pe

r yea r throug h th e yea r 2000 , unles s interes t rates an d price s ris e sufficientl

y to slow deman

d fo r ne w housin g an d automobiles . Wet-groun

d mic ai s als o expected to sho w moderat e growt h a s deman

d fro mth e cyclica

l automotiv e industr

y utilize s increasing amount s of pearlescen

t pain t pigments . Deman d fo r bloc k mic ai s expecte

d t o gro w slowl y throug h the en d of th e centur

y a s deman

d increase s i

n afe w specialt y markets . A shortag e o f high-qualit

y block mic ai s expected to continue becaus e ofth e generall

y lo w percentag e o

f high-qualit

y mic ai n currentl y mine d deposit s (pegmatites) . Consumption of

mic asplittings , the majo

r typ e of shee t mic a consume d i

n th e Unite

d States , decreased sharpl

y throughou

t th e 1960' s an d 1970' s an

d levele d of

f i n th e 1980' s an

d 1990' s i n th e rang e o

f 800 t o 1,00 0 ton s pe r year . Wit h no ne w use s an d man y substitut e materials , n

o substantia

l growt h i s expected . Consumptio

n of mic asplitting s i s expecte d t o remai n i n the rang e of

600 t o 900 tons . SOURCES O

F INFORMATIO N U.S . Geologica

l Surve y Publication s Mica . Minera

l Industr y Surveys , annual. 1 Mic a(Natural) , Scra

p an d Flake . Ch . i

n Minera l Commodit

y Summaries , annual. 1 Mic a(Natural) , Sheet . Ch . i n Minera l Commodit

y Summaries , annual. 1 Mica . Ch . i

n United State s minera

l resources , U.S . Geologica l Professiona

l Pape r 820,1973 . Other Mica . Ch . i

n Minera l fact s an d problems , U.S . Burea

u of Mine s Bulletin 675 , 1985 . Roskill Infonnatio n Servic e Ltd . (London) . Th e Economic s o

f Mica , 7t h edition , 1991 . 'Prio r t o Januai y 1996 , publishe d b y th e U.S . Burea u o f Mines .

U.S . GEOLOGICA L SURVEY—MINERAL S INFORMATION—199 7TABL E 1 SALIEN T MIC A STATISTIC S 1 / P. 6

Unite d States : Production (sol d o r

use d b y producers) : Scra p an d flak e mic athousan d metri c ton s Valu e thousand s Groun d mic athousan d metri c ton s Valu e Prices , dollar s pe

r metri c ton : Scra p an d flak e mic a Ground : We t Dr y Sheets , dollar s pe

r kilogram : Bloc k Splitting s Consumption : Block, muscovit

e Valu e Splitting s Valu e Exports Import s World : Productio

n thousand s

metri c ton s thousand s metn c ton s thousand s metri c ton s do . do . 199 3

8 8 $4,45 0 9 2 $27,00 0 $5 1 $83 8 $15 2 $9 5 $1.5 5 5 $50 9 82 6 $1,39 0 5,86 0 22,20 0 301,00 0 r / 199 4

10 9 $5,78 0 9 5 $28,70 0 $5 3 $1,01 0 $15 1 $6 6 r / $1.7 2 r / 6 $43 2 85 7 $1,47 0 7,52 0 25,20 0 318,00 0 r / 199 5

10 8 $5,63 0 9 8 $24,80 0 $5 2 $97 4 r / $17 4 r / $7 3 xl $1.8 6 r / 6 r / $40 7 71 3 $1,32 0 8,16 0 26,20 0 327,00 0 vl 199 6

9 7 $7,82 0 10 3 $33,60 0 $8 1 $1,03 0 r / $18 2 $7 7 $1.7 5 6 Tl $38 3 85 9 $1,51 0 8,38 0 24,70 0 302,00 0 r / 199 7

11 4 $9,40 0 11 0 $37,00 0 $8 3 $1,08 0 $17 6 $4 1 $1.6 9 8 $24 9 73 6 .$1,24 0 9,21 0 28,90 0 315,00 0 e / e / Estimated , r

/ Revised . 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significant digits . TABL E 2 STOCKPIL

E STATU S AN

D GOVERNMEN

T INVENTORIE S FO

R MICA , DECEMBE

R 31,199 7 1 / (Metri c tons )

Materia l Block : Muscovite , staine d an

d bette r ' Phlogopite Film : Muscovite , 1st

an d 2d qualitie s Splittings : Muscovit e Phlogopite Inventor y (uncommitted ) Stockpil e Nonstockpil e grad e grad e 98 9 8 1 5 5,64 0 26 5 1 2

5 2

-

- Availabl e fo

r disposa l 93 0

- 1 5 5,64 0 26 5 Fisca

l yea r 199 6 sale s 27 0

- 3 2 4 1 4 6 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significan t digits . TABLE 3 SCRA P AN D FLAK E MIC A SOL D O R USED B Y PRODUCER S I N THE UNITE D STATES , B Y STATE 1/2 / (Thousan d metri c ton s an d thousan d dollars ) Stat e Nort h Carolin a Othe r State s 3 / Tota l 199 6

Quantit y 6 2 3 5 9 7 Valu e

4,90 0 2,92 0 7,82 0 199 7

Quantit y 6 6 4 8 11 4 Valu e

5,21 0 4,19 0 9,40 0 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significan t digits ; ma

y no t ad d to total s shown . 2/ Include s finel

y divide d mic arecovered fro

mmic aschis t

an d high-qualit

y sericit e schist , an d mic atha

t i s abyproduc t

o f feldspar , kaolin , an

d lithiu mbeneficiation . 3 / Include s Georgia , Ne

w Mexico , Sout

h Carolina , an d Sout

h Dakota .P. 7

TABLE 4 GROUN D MIC A SOL D O R USED B Y PRODUCER S I N TH E UNITE D STATES , B Y EN D US E AN

D METHO D O

F GRINDING 1/2

/

End use : Joint cement Paint Plastic s Well-drillin g mu

d Othe r 3 / Tota l Metho d o f grinding : Dr y We t Quantit y (thousan d metri c tons ) 5 2 2 1 3 4 2 3 10 3 W W 199 6 Valu e (thousan d dollars ) 8,61 0 8,85 0 1,97 0 81 5 13,40 0 33,60 0 W W Unit valu e $16 5 42 1 65 6 20 3 58 1 32 6 16 5 93 6 Quantit

y (thousan d metri c tons ) 4 7 3 8 4 3 1 9 11 0 W W 199 7 Valu e (thousan d dollars ) 7,88 0 21,90 0 1,82 0 75 7 4,69 0 37,00 0 W w Unit valu e $16 8 57 6 45 5 25 2 24 7 33 7 16 0 98 0 W Withhel d t o avoi d disclosin g compan y proprietar

y data . 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significan t digits ; ma

y no t ad d t o total s shown . 2 / Domesti c an

d som e imported scrap . Low-qualit y sericit e i s no t included . 3 / Include s mic ause d fo

r molde d electrica

l insulation , roofing , rubber , textil e an d decorativ e coatings , weldin g rods , an

d miscellaneous . TABL E 5 FABRICATION O F MUSCOVIT E BLOC K MIC A I N TH E UNITED STATES , B Y QUALIT Y 1 / (Metri c tons ) Quantit y Goo d staine d o r

bette r Staine d or lowe r 2 / Tota l 199 6 0.59 0 4.49 0 5.07 0 199 7

0.54 0 6.89 0 7.42 0 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significan t digits ; ma

y no t ad d to total s shown . 2 / Include s punc h mica . TABL E 6 CONSUMPTIO N AND STOCKS O F MIC A SPLITTING S f

N THE UNITED STATE S 1 /
Yea r 199 6 199 7 Consumptio n Quantit y (metri c tons ) 85 9 73 6 Valu e

(thousands ) $1,51 0 1,24 0 Stock s o

n Dec . 3 1 (metri c tons ) 41 6 44 5 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significant digits . TABL E 7 BUILT-UP MIC A SOL

D O R USED I

N TH E UNITE D STATES , B Y PRODUC T 1 / 2 /

Flexibl e (cold ) Heate r plat e Moldin g plate Segmen t plate Tap e Othe r Tota l 199 6

Quantit y (metri c tons ) 12 3 W 17 9 17 2 W 12 6 63 3 Valu e (thousands ) $1,02 0 W 1,71 0 1,99 0 W 97 2 6,11 0 199 7

Quantit y (metri c tons ) 11 0 W 17 6 13 3 W 13 0 56 7 Valu e (thousands ) $64 6 W 1,49 0 1,27 0 W 1,94 0 5,54 0 W Withhel d t o avoi d disclosin g compan y proprietar

y data ; include d i

n "Total. " 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significant digits ; ma

y no t ad d t o total s shown . 2/ Consist s o f

alternatin g layer s o f

binder an d irregularly arrange d an d partl y overlappe d splittings .P. 8

TABL E 8 U.S . EXPORT S O F CRUD E AN D RIFTE D MICA , MIC A POWDER , AN D WAST E IN 1997 , B Y COUNTR Y I /

Countr y Argentin a Australi a Bahrai n Belgiu m Brazi l Bristis h Virgi n Island s Canad a Chil e Chin a Colombi a Cot e d'lvoir e Ecuado r Franc e German y Hon g Kon g Indi a Indonesi a Ireland Ital y Japa n Keny a Korea , Republi c o f

• Malaysi a Mexic o Netherland s Ne w Zealan d Parkistan Per u Philippine s Polan d Saud i Arabi a Singapor e Spai n Swede n Taiwa n Thailan d Unite d Ara b Emirate s Unite d Kingdo m Urugua y Venezuel a Tota l Crud e an d rifted Les s tha n $0.5 5 pe r kilogra m Quantit y (metri c tons )

- 2 4

- 2 2 14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- 21 2 3 6

- 5 6

- 1 8 2 1

- 10 8

- 6 2 8 9

-

-

- 28 0 2 0

-

- 3 0

- 9

-

- 1 4

-

- 1,02 0 1 / Dat a ar e rounde d t o thre e significan tdi g 2/Les s tha n 1/

2 unit . Val ii e (thousands )

ts;ma y - $ 8

- 11 4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- 2 8 1 3

- 2 2

- 6 7

- 2 2

- 1 6 4 7

-

-

- 4 5 5

-

- 11

- 3

-

- 5

-

- 25 4 Mor e tha

n $0.5 5 pe r kilogra m Quantity (metri c tons )

- 1

-

-

-

-

- 11

-

-

-

-

- 1 15 0 1

-

- 8 8

- 2 0

- 3 2 3

-

-

- 5

-
-

-

-

- 5

-

- 20 5

-

- 51 2 Va

l u e (thousands )

no tad d t o total s shown . - $1 7

-

-

-

-

-

- 7

-

-

- 3

- 1 3 21 2 2 5

-

- 46 5

- 1 1

- 2 5 5 8

-

-

- 9 7

-
-

- 5

- 9 9

-

- 61 2

-

- 1,65 0 Powde r

Quantity (metri c tons ) 6 196 2 6 0

-

- 3,05 0 9 6

- 6 2 4 0 16 (2/ ) 129 185 8 2 6 1 6 14 4 42 3 5 17 6 9 2 61 7 7 9 43 7 2 3 1 4 5

- 1 7 2

- 2 1 67 3 9 1 7 97 5 14 7 6,31 0 Valu e (thousands ) $ 3 141 9 7 5

-

- 1,08 0 5 9

- 3 7 3 1 9 4 8 9 12 0 5 1 9 4 3 0 28 2 4 20 6 2 7 31 3 182 10 4 2 1 12 11

- 9 1 3

- 1 3 4 2 2 8 1 1 10 5 6 91 3 4,01 0 Wast e

Quantity (metri c tons )

-

-
-

-

- 4 68 1

-

- (21)

-

-

- 2

- 9 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- 2 1

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-
-

-

- (21)

-

- 80 8 Valu e (thousands )

-

-
-

-

- $ 3 15 8

-

- 4

-

-

- 4

- 4 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- 6

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-
-

-

- 3

-

- 21 7

Source : Bureau ofth e Census .P. 9

TABL E 9 U.S . EXPORT S O F WORKE D MIC A I N 1997 , B Y COUNTR Y 1 /

Countr y Argentin a Arub a Australi a Bahamas , Th e Barbado s Belgiu m Brazi l Canad a Chil e Chin a Colombi a Cost a Ric a Czec h Republi c Denmar k Dominica n Republi c Franc e German y Greec e Guadeloup e Guatemal a Hondura s Hon g Kon g Indi a Israe l Ital y Japa n Korea , Republi c o f Kuwai t Malaysi a Mexic o Netherland s Netherland s Antille s Ne w Zealan d Norwa y Panam a Peru Philippine s Polan d Qata r Saud i Arabi a Singapor e Sout h Afric a Spai n St . Luci a Surinam e Switzerlan d Taiwa n Thailan d Trinida d an d Tobag o Unite d Kingdo m Vietna m Tota l 2 / Plates , sheet s Quantity (metri c tons ) 16

- 9 4 3 2 0 2 9 15 0 (21) 1 3 2 5 6

- (21) 6 1 2 3

- 1 3 2

- (21) 2 14 (2 0 (21)

- 1 4 8

-

-

-

-

- 2

-

-

- 9 8 1 (2 0

- 2 8 2 2 4 1

- 40 6 Valu e

(thousands ) $5 7

- 21 4 2 2 3 6 41 7 36 5 3,78 0 3 15 3 5 9 8 1 8

- 3 10 1 14 1 1 0

- 6 8 1 7

- 1 0 2 5 34 8 4 5

- 3 1,10 0

-

-

-

-

- 14

-

-

- 6 1 2 7 2 3 5

- 6 21 8 4 5 1 2 1 2 2 0

- 7,33 0 Othe r

Quantity (metri c tons )

- 1 (2/ ) 2 (2/ ) 1 2 7 5 (21) 1

- (2 0

- (21)

- 2 (2 0

- 2 (2 0 2 2 2 2 1 5 8 (2 0 (2/ ) 3 1 (21) 3 (2 0 (21) (2 0

- • 2 (2 0 (21)

- (2 0 (21) (2 0 (2 0

- 4 1 (2 0

- 6 (2 0 15 9 Valu e

(thousands )

- $ 4 2 5 2 4 6 2 5 7 6 1,71 0 9 3 1

- 4

- 3

- 3 9 2 4

- 6 4 3 7 11 2 143 2 2 1 7 6 9 11 0 7 12 1,49 0 1 7 1 5 3 5 9

- 9 1 2 1 2

- 2 8 9 3 2 4

- 9 6 2 8 3

- 8 8 3 4,38 0 1 / Data are rounde d t o thre e significan tdigits ; may ad d t o total s shown . 2/Les s tha n 1/

2 unit . Source : Burea u o f

th e Census .P.1 0

TABL E 1 0 U.S . IMPORT S FO R CONSUMPTIO N O F CRUD E AN D RIFTE D MIC A I N 1997 , B Y COUNTR Y 1 /

Countr y Chin a Czec h Republi c Finlan d Franc e German y Hon g Kon g Indi a Japa n Madagasca r Turke y Unite d Kingdo m Tota l ' Spli tbloc k Quantit y (metri c tons )

-

-

-
-

-

- 4 7

-

-

-

- 47 Valu e (thousands )

-

-

-
-

-

- $7 0

-

-

-

- 7 0 Splitting s Quantity (metri c tons )

-

-

- 9 1,08 0 1 8 2,91 0

- 2 3

-

- 4,04 0 Valu e

(thousands )

-

-

- $4 2 26 7 1 2 1,46 0

- 85

-

- 1,87 0 Les s tha

n $0.5 5 per kilogra m Quantity (metri c tons ) 2 0

- 1,19 0

-

• -
- 8,14 0

-

-

- 9,35 0 Othe r

Valu e (thousands ) $ 2

- 27 6

-

-

- 1,57 0

-

-

-

- 1,85 0 Mor e tha n $0.5 5

pe r kilogra m Quantit y (metri c tons ) 12 5 2

-
- 2

- 2 2

- (21) (21) 134 Valu e (thousands ) $28 4 23

-
- 2 0

- 2 4 2 3

- 3 2 37 8 1 / Dat a ar e rounde d t o thre e significan tdigits ; ma y no tad d t o totals shown . 2/Les s tha

n 1/ 2 unit . Source : Burea

u o f th e Census .
TABL E 1 1

U.S . IMPORT S FO R CONSUMPTIO N O F MIC A POWDE R AN D WAST E I N 1997 , B Y COUNTR Y 1 /
Countr y Australi a Austri a Canad a Chin a Finlan d German y Indi a Ital y Japan Malaysi a Unite d Kingdo m Tota l Powde r Quantit y (metri c tons ) 2 0 1 12,40 0 3 4 (2 0 4 8 2 8 (2 0 27 2 10 7 14 13,00 0 Valu e

(thousands ) $ 6 2 5,06 0 1 1 1 0 21 1 1 4 1 2,35 0 35 9 4 8 8,08 0 Wast e

Quantity (metri c ; tons )

-

- 3 3

-

-

- 79 2

-

-

-

- 82 5 Valu e

(thousands )

-

- $ 7

-

-

- 40 5

-

-

-

- 41 2 1 / Data are rounde d t o thre e significan tdigits ; ma y no tad d t o total s shown . 2 / Les s tha n 1/

2 unit . Source : Burea u o f

th e Census .TABL E 1 2 U.S . IMPORT S FO

R CONSUMPTION O F WORKE D MIC A I N 199 7 B Y COUNTRY! / P.1 1

Countr y Australi a Belgiu m Brazi l Canad a Chin a Czech Republi c Franc e German y Hong Kon g Indi a Ital y Japa n Korea , Republi c o f Philippine s Russi a Singapor e Swede n Switzerlan d Taiwa n Unite d Kingdo m Tota l Plates , sheet s

Quantit y (metri c tons ) (2 0 69 5 7 2 1 3 13 8

- 1 8 (2 0 2 10 1 2 1 3 1 0 .

-

-

-

- 5 7 1 5 1,13 0 Valu e (thousands ) $ 3 5,95 0 54 2 9 4 34 8

- 13 9 9 8 90 5 1 0 20 0 5 7

-

-

-

- 1,27 0 1 4 14 9 9,70 0 Othe r Quantit y (metri c tons )

9

- 16 0 (2/ ) 1 6 6 1 3 9 15 1 2 2 1 5 (2 0 (21) 1 1 6 1

- (2 0 41 1 Valu e (thousands ) $21 3

- 44 0 1 3 9 4 5 0 2 5 12 2 4 6 1,11 0 3 35 8 2 8 2 2 2 1 8 3 0

- 6 2,56 0 I I 1 / Dat aar e rounde d to thre e significan t digits ; ma

y no t ad d t o total s shown . 2 / Les s than 1/

2 unit . Source : Burea

u ofth e Census .
TABL E 1 3 SUMMATIO

N O F U.S . MIC

A TRADE DAT

A 1 /

Exports : 199 6 199 7 Import s fo r consumption : 199 6 199 7 Scra p an d flak e mic a Powde r Quantit y (metri c tons ) 5,83 0 6,31 0 13,60 0 13,00 0 Valu e

(thousands ) $3,07 0 4,01 0 8,25 0 8,08 0 Wast

e Quantit y (metri c tons ) 1,71 0 1,82 0 4,84 0 10,20 0 Valu e

(thousands ) $49 5 47 1 1,23 0 2,26 0 Shee t Unworke d Quantity (metri c tons ) 22 5 51 2 5,24 0 4,22 0 Valu e (thousands ) $54 2 1,65 0 2,31 0 2,31 0 mic a Worked

Quantit y (metri c tons ) 60 6 56 5 1,09 0 1,54 0 Valu e (thousands ) $10,70 0 11,70 0 10,80 0 12,30 0 1 / Dat aar e rounde d t o thre e significan t digits . Source : Burea

u o f th e Census .TABL E 1 4 MICA : WORL

D PRODUCTION , B Y COUNTR Y 1 / 2 / (Metri c tons ) P.1 2

Countr y 3 / Argentina : Shee t Waste , scrap , etc . Brazil ! Canad ae/ ! Finlan d Franc e e / India : Crude Scra p an d waste Total Ira n el 5 / Korea , Republi c o f

(al l grades ) Madagasca

r (phlogopite ) e

/ Malaysi a Mexic o (all grades ) Morocc o el Perue / i Russi ae / Serbi aan d Montenegr

o Sout h Afric a(scrap ) Spai n el Sr i Lanka(scrap ) e

/ Taiwa n United State s (scra

p an d flake ) 6 / Zimbabw e Grand tota l 199 3 72 0 1,22 6 7,00 0 17,50 0 4,48 8 8.00 0 2,08 2 1,18 7 3,26 9 8,00 0 7,50 0 el 77 4 4,65 9 6,44 0 1,500 10 0 129,00 0 r/4 / 6 8 1,99 1 25 0 20 0 9,75 1 87,90 0 51 0 r / 301,00 0 r / 199 4

72 0 e / 1,10 4 6,70 0 r / 17,50 0 5,59 1 8.00 0 2,05 5 71 9 2,77 4 8,00 0 37,47 0 77 4 4,99 3 5,75 3 1,50 0 100 100,00 0 r / 15 8 1,97 3 20 0 20 0 5,22 0 109,00 0 21 3 el 318,00 0 r / 199 5

70 0 e / 4,34 1 5,20 0 rl 17,50 0

- 10.00 0 1,72 8 r / 1,01 3 r / 2,74 1 il 8,00 0 43,70 9 Tl 43 2 4 / 5,84 8 5,02 8 1,50 0 10 0 100,00 0 r / 19 9 2,13 7 20 0 20 0 9,79 2 108,00 0 1.04 0 327,00 0 r / 199 6

29 7 r / , 1,84 0 rl 7,00 0 17,50 0

- 8.00 0 1,89 4 r / 1,41 3 rl 3,30 7 r / 8,00 0 35,92 3 45 0 5,50 1 4,27 3 r / 1,50 0 ' 100 100,00 0 r / 20 0 el 1,429 20 0 20 0 8,51 0 r / 96,60 0 i 1.50 0 r/e / 302,00 0 r /

: 199 7 e

/ 30 0 1,90 0 7,00 0 17,50 0 .
- 8.00 0 , 2,00 0 1,40 0 3,40 0 8,00 0 ' 34,48 9 4 / 45 0 5,70 8 4 / 97 5 p/ 1,50 0 100 100,00 0 20 0 ' 1,48 2 4 / 20 0 20 0 8,60 0 114,00 0 4 / 1.00 0 , 315,00 0 el Estimated , p/Preliminary , r/Revised . 1 / Worl d data , U.S . data , an

d estimate d dataar

e rounde d t o thre e significant digits ; ma

y no t ad d to total s shown . 2 / Tabl e include s dat aavailabl e throug h Jul y 22,1998 . 3 / I n additio n t o th e countrie s listed , China , Norway , Pakistan , Romania , an d Swede n ar e known t o produc e mica , bu t availabl e informatio n i s inadequat

e t o mak e reliabl e estimate s o f

outpu t levels . , 4 / Reporte d figure . 5 / Yea r beginnin g Marc

h 2 1 o f tha t stated . 6 / Exclude s U.S . productio n o f low-qualit

y sericite an d shee

t mica , if any .