# FINAL 2007 AQMP

APPENDIX VI

REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROLMEASURES

(RACM) DEMONSTRATION

JUNE 2007

# SOUTH COAST AIR QUALIT Y MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

GOVERNING BOARD

Chairman: WILLIAM A. BURKE, Ed.D.

Speaker of th e Assembly Appointee

Vice Chairman: S. ROY WILSON, Ed.D.

Supervisor, Fourth District

Riverside County Representative

MEMBERS:

MICHAEL D. ANTONOVICH

Supervisor, Fifth District

Los Angeles County Representative

BILL CAMPBELL

Supervisor, Third District

Orange County Representative

JANE W. CARNEY

Senate Rules Committee Appointee

RONALD O. LOVERIDGE

Mayor, City of Riverside Cities

Representative, Ri verside County

GARY OVITT

Supervisor, Fourth District

San Bernardino County Representative

JAN PERRY

Councilmember, City of Los Angeles

Cities Representative, Los Ange les County, Western Region

MIGUEL A. PULIDO

Mayor, City of Santa Ana

Cities Representative, Orange County

TONIA REYES URANGA

Councilmember, City of Long Beach

Cities Representative, Los Ange les County, Eastern Region

VACANT

Governor’s Appointee

DENNIS YATES

Mayor, City of Chino

Cities Representative, Sa n Bernardino County

EXECUTIVE OFFICER

BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN, D.Env

# CONTRIBUTORS

South Coast Air Quality Management District

Barry R. Wallerstein, D.Env.

Executive Officer

Elaine Chang, DrPH

Deputy Executive Officer

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources

Laki Tisopulos, Ph.D., P.E.

Assistant Deputy Executive Officer

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources

Joseph Cassmassi Zorik Pirveysian

Planning and Rules Manager Environmental Technology Assessment Manager

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources Science & Technology Advancement

Author

SCAQMD - Planning, Rule De velopment, Area Sources

Minh Pham, P.E., Air Quality Specialist

Contributors

SCAQMD – Planning, Rule Development, Area Sources Engin eering And Compliance

Edward Eckerle, Program Supervisor Ki en Huynh, P.E., Air Quality Engineer

Kennard Ellis, Air Quality Specialist Ngoc Tran, Air Quality Engineer

Bill Milner, Air Quality Specialist Charles Tupac, P.E., Air Quality Analyses Compliance Supervisor

Ed Muehlbacher, P.E., Program Supervisor

Pamela Perryman, Air Quality Specialist CARB

Gary Quinn, P.E., Program Supervisor Lucille Van Ommering, Staff Air Pollution Specialist

Dan Russell, Air Quality Specialist

SCAG

Science & Technology Advancement Jonathan Nadler, Program Manager

Marty Kay, P.E. Program Supervisor

U.S. EPA

David Jesson, EPA Region IX, Staff Member

Reviewed By

Barbara Baird, J.D. - Principal Deputy District Counsel

# Table of Contents

i 

# TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................VI-1

PROCESS OF IDEN TIFYING REASONABLY AVAILABLE

CONTROL MEASURES - .........................................................................................VI-1

EVALUATION OF SCAQMD’S 2007 CONTROL MEASURES .................................VI-3



# Step 1 - AQMP Summit .................................................................................... VI-3

Step 2 - U.S. EPA Suggested Li st of Control Measures................................... VI-4

Step 3 - RACT Revised by U.S. EPA in Septem ber 2006................................ VI-4

Step 4 - Other Districts’ Curre nt Rules and Re gulations .................................. VI-5

Step 5 - Additional Studi es and Anal yses......................................................... VI-6

CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................VI-6



# LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - 8-Hour Ozone Designati ons ............................................................ VI-10

Table 2 – U.S. EPA Control Measures for PM2.5 Implem entation ............... VI-11

Table 3 – Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regul ations............................ VI-13

Table 4 – Evaluation of South Coast’s St ationary Source Control Measures VI-39

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 1 

# INTRODUCTION

The Clean Air Act, Section 172(c)(1), requires a non-attainment plan to:

“provide for the implementa tion of all reasonably available control measures as

expeditiously as practicable (including such reductions in emissions from existing

sources in the area as ma y be obtained through the a doption, at a minimum, of

reasonably available control technology), and shall provide for attainment of the

national primary ambient air quality standards.”

Reasonable measures are those measures th at are technologically and economically

feasible within the non-attainment area. A demonstration for RACM should be provided

with the State Implementation Plan (SIP). The U.S. EPA’s long-standing interpretation

of the RACM provision is that the states s hould consider all candidate measures that are

available, including any measures that have been suggested; however, states are not

obligated to adopt all measures. However, the RACM demonstrati on should show that

there are no additional reasona ble measures available that would advance the attainment

date by at least one year or contribute to RFP for the area. 1 

# On July 2, 2002, the U.S.

Court of Appeals upheld U.S. EPA’s definition of RACM, in cluding the consideration of

economic and technological feasibility, the ab ility to cause substantial widespread and

long-term adverse impacts, the collective ab ility of the measures to advance a region’s

attainment date, and whether an intensive or costly effort will be required to implement

the measures. The objective of this Appendix is to demonstr ate that District staff has

satisfied the requirement of the Clean Air Ac t in developing the control measures for the

2007 AQMP.



# PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING REAS ONABLY AVAILA BLE CONTROL

MEASURES

The South Coast air basin is the only area in the nation currently classified as Severe-17 2



# for 8-hour ozone. The South Coast’s AQMP is built on a two-step strategy, first to attain

PM2.5 in 2015 and then to attain 8-hour oz one in 2024. District staff’s goal is to

incorporate all feasible control measures for directly emitted PM 2.5 and precursors of

PM2.5 and ozone (NOx, SOx, VOC, a mmonia) while balancing costs and

socioeconomic impacts.

To identify all Reasonably Available Cont rol Measures (RACM), which include all

Reasonably Available Control Technology (R ACT), District staff conducted multiple

internal meetings with the Technology Advancemen t Office and Engineering &

Compliance Division as well as with st aff from the California Air Resources Board

1 

# Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule – For Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards, 40 CFR Part 51,

March 29, 2007.

2 

# A “bump-up” request to “Extreme” non-a ttainment classification is necessary.

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 2 (CARB), California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA), technical experts from

a variety of fields, local government represen tatives, and the public, to collect a wide

range of innovative ideas and concepts.

In order to ensure that all fe asible control measures for PM 2.5 were considered, District

staff reviewed for inclusion the control meas ure concepts suggested by the U.S. EPA for

PM2.5 non-attainment areas in the Final Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5

Standards. 3



# Because it is classified as Severe-17, the S outh Coast air district rules and regulations

should be at least as stri ngent as the rules and regula tions implemented by other

agencies. Staff re-evaluated all 82 SCAQM D source-specific rules and regulations, and

compared current requirements in these rules with those im plemented by the Sacramento

Metropolitan, San Joaqui n Valley, Ventura, an d San Francisco Bay Ar ea air districts.

Staff selected the four districts above base d on the severity of th eir 8-hour ozone nonattainment classification and their near-term attainment dates as shown in Table 1 – 8-

Hour Ozone Designations, as follows:

• 

# San Joaquin Valley, classified as Seri ous with a June 20 13 attainment date

• 

# Sacramento Metro, classified as Serious with a June 2013 attainment date

• 

# Ventura, classified as Moderate with a June 2010 attainment date, and

• 

# San Francisco Bay Area, classified as Ma rginal with a June 2007 attainment

date.

In addition, District staff co mpared the applicable rules w ith the four control technique

guidelines recently published by the U.S. EPA in September 200 6 for coating and

printing operations.

Because it is classified as Severe-17, th e South Coast air dist rict should at least

implement and adopt control me asures as stringent as the control measures adopted by

other agencies in the nation. As shown in Appendix IV -A, District staff conducted

research and evaluated the South Coast control measures (not including control

measures for mobile sources and transportation control meas ures) against more than 100

control measures endorsed and publis hed by the following seven agencies:

• 

# Draft 2007 8-Hour Ozone Plan - San Joaquin Valley, California (Serious)

• 

# Draft 2007 8-Hour Ozone Pl an - Sacramento Metropolitan, California (Serious)

• 

# Final 2006 1-hour Ozone Plan - San Fr ancisco Bay Area, California (Moderate)

3 

# Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule – For Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards, 40 CFR Part 51,

March 29, 2007.

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 3 • 

# Final 2007 Control Strategies for 8-Ho ur Ozone Attainment Demonstration -

North Central Texas Council of Govern ments, developed for Dallas & Fort

Worth (DFW) and Houston, Galveston & Brazoria (HGB), Texas (Moderate)

• 

# Draft 2005 8-Hour Control Concepts – La ke Michigan Air Directors Consortium

developed for the Midwest states

To be considered as RACM, feasible clean- air technologies must be cost-effective, as

indicated by the U.S. EPA in the Final Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5

Standards:

“ In considering what level of control is reasonable, EPA is not proposing a fixed

dollar per ton cost threshold for RACT...Whe re essential reductions are more difficult

to achieve (e.g., because many sources are already controlled), th e cost per ton may

necessarily be higher

. It is not appropriate to assu me that the same cost per ton

range is reasonable for direct PM2.5 and different precursors, because an equal

amount of emission reduction in different pollutants has a different impact on PM2.5

ambient levels...reductions of direct PM2.5 emissions may prove more expansive than

reductions of NOx emissions, but the resulti ng benefits of reductions of direct PM2.5

might warrant a higher costs.”

In this Appendix, staff considered that clean -air technologies included in the air quality

management plans of other ai r quality management districts in California, as well as

outside of California, were reasonably cost-effective to be included in the SCAQMD 8-

Hour Ozone AQMP. Cost effectiveness an alyses of the control measures, when

available, were provided in Appendix IV-A and IV-B. District staff will continue its

efforts to develop cost effectiveness estima tes for the remaining measures. During the

rule development process, co st effectiveness, as well as emission inventories and

potential emission reductions, will be carefull y reviewed and assessed. An evaluation of

the SCAQMD control measur es is provided below.



# EVALUATION OF SCAQMD’S 2007 CONTROL MEASURES

Step 1 - AQMP Summit

District staff conducted a 2007 AQMP Summit in June 2006 with participation over 125

attendees including experts from a variety of areas and the public to solicit new and

innovative concepts to assist the Basin in attaining the am bient air quality standards for

PM10 by 2015 and ozone by 2021. In total, District staff received about 200 control

measure suggestions. In general, District staff was advised to 1) promote electrification;

2) focus on technology that improves energy e fficiency and protects global warming; 3)

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 4 influence consumer awareness and choice on low- or zero-VOC products; 4) incentivize

low- or zero-emission control technologies; 5) promote the use of remote sensing to

detect high polluters, and 6) improv e public participation and multi-agency

collaboration.



# Step 2 - U.S. EPA Suggested List of Control Measures

Clean Air Act Section 172 does not provide a specific lis t of source categories and

control measures that must be evaluate d for PM2.5 or ozone RACM. To provide

guidance to states on PM2. 5 RACT and RACM, the U.S. EPA reviewed the emission

inventory information for mo re than 200 counties in th e nation that are currently

classified as PM2.5 non-attain ment and a wide variety of in formation sources to identify

a list of available control measures. Cons equently, the U.S. EPA published a list of

suggested potential RACT and RACM for PM2. 5 in the Final Implementation Rule for

the 1997 PM2.5 Standards. The U.S. EP A does not have any list for 8-hour ozone

RACM. As shown in Table 2 – RACT and RACM from U.S. EPA for PM2.5

Implementation, District staff has develope d control measures for each PM2.5 RACT

and RACM provided by the U.S. EPA.



# Step 3 - RACT Revised by U.S. EPA in September 2006

As required in Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 172(c)(1) the State Implementation Plan for

non-attainment areas must include RACM, whic h in turn must reflect RACT. The U.S.

EPA defines RACT as:

“ lowest emission limitation that a particular source is capable of meeting by the

application of control technology that is reasonably avai lable considering

technological and economic feasibility ”.

Section 182(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act provides that States must revise their State

Implementation Plan to include RACT for VOC sources covered by a Control

Techniques Guidelines (CTG) document issued by the U.S. EPA after November 15,

1990 and prior to the area’s date of attainment. The Clean Air Act requires the U.S.

EPA to revise RACT, update existing CTG documents, or de velop new documents, on a

frequent basis to provide states and local agencies with most current technical

information and assist them in determini ng RACT. In Septembe r 2006, the U.S. EPA

updated the CTGs of:

• 

# Offset Lithographic and Letterpress Printing

• 

# Flexible Packaging Printing

• 

# Industrial Cleaning Solvents

• 

# Flat Wood Paneling Coatings

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 5 District staff compared the current requirements in the SCAQMD’s Rule 1104 – Wood

Flat Stock Coating Opera tion (amended 8/13/99), Rule 1171 – Solvent Cleaning

Operations (amended 7/14/06), and Rule 1130 – Graphics Arts (amended in 10/8/99)

with the requirements in the revised CT Gs. Rule 1104 and Rule 1171 meet the

stringency requirements in the CTGs; ho wever, Rule 1130 do es not meet the

recommended alcohol content in fountain solution for sheet-fed presses and heat-set web

presses. District staff will make the necessa ry corrections in forthcoming rulemaking as

part of Control Measure MCS-07 – Applicati on of All Feasible Me asures as shown in

Table 3.



# Step 4 - Other Districts’ Current Rules and Regulations

District staff reviewed all rules and regulati ons recently adopted or amended, from 2000

to 2006, by San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento , Ventura and San Francisco air districts,

and compared the requirements in these rules with those in the South Coast. District

staff selected these di stricts based on the severity of their classifications and near-term

attainment dates.

Table 3 contains a brief description of the 82 source-specific rules that staff analyzed

and a summary of other districts’ requirements, only if they were mo re stringent than the

South Coast’s rules. In addition, Table 3 also includes a description of the control

measures adopted by other agencies for their own 8-hour Ozone AQMP, and

information on advanced technologies or U.S. EPA consent decrees that District staff is

aware of that may result in additional emissi on reductions. In gene ral, the District’s

current rules and regulations are equivalent to or more stringent th an those developed by

other air districts, with few exceptions shown in Table 3 where improvements are

possible. Consequently, District staff deve loped several control measures to address

these areas, such as Contro l Measure MCS-01 – Facility Modernization, MCS-07 –

Application of All Feasible Measures, CMB-02 – Reduction of Emissions in RECLAIM.

Table 3 identifies these control measures. In general, the areas identified are to explore

the feasibility of:

• 

# Lowering emission limit and increasing level of control in order to promote

cleaner technologies;

• 

# Lowering VOC content of coatings/solvents;

• 

# Establishing standards and test me thods for generic control equipment;

• 

# Lowering release or leak thresholds , encouraging continuous wireless

monitoring, improving leak detection, re pair, inspection and maintenance, and

adding best management practices.

Regarding technological and economic feas ibility, District staff expected that

technologies and measures which are availabl e and cost-effective to implement in other

air districts in California, would be availa ble and cost-effective for use in the South

Coast Basin in a timely manner. Best Avai lable Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT)

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 6 is reevaluated every three years. Emissi on inventory, emission reduction, and costeffectiveness including health benefits ar e fine-tuned on an ongoing basis, especially

during the rule development process. In add ition, District staff commits to monitor the

rule development in other air districts, and will conduct further study and reevaluate the

feasibility of revising the requirements in existing rules if necessary. Instead of

amending existing rules, new rules may be adopted to implement the control measures

described in the 2007 AQMP in a more effective manner. Prioritization and schedule of

adoption and implementation is discussed in Chapter 7.



# Step 5 - Additional Studies and Analyses

In addition to all of the above analyses, District staff and SCAG have completed the

following analyses to meet the re quirements of the Clean Air Act:

• 

# Evaluating control measures developed by other air districts for their air quality

management plans as described in Appendix IV-A.

• 

# Specific costs and cost analyses of each SCAQMD’s stationary source and

mobile source control measure, if availabl e, are provided in Appendix IV-A and

B.

• 

# Schedule for implementing the control measures is discussed in Chapter 7,

which demonstrates that Di strict staff will implement the control measures as

expeditiously as practicable cons idering resources and budgets.

• 

# Transportation control measures must be included in the RACM analysis.

Consequently, SCAG has completed a RA CM determination for transportation

control measures as shown in Appendix IV-C - Regional Transportation Strategy

& Control Measures.

• 

# A SCAQMD 8-Hour Ozone Reasonably Av ailable Control Technology (RACT)

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Demonstration project was completed and

subsequently forwarded to U.S. EPA in Ju ne 2006. District staff concluded that

1) All SCAQMD rules to implement the 1-hour ozone SIP fu lfill RACT for the

8-hour ozone SIP; 2) All CTG sources and all major non-CTG sources in the

Basin are subject to SIP-approved rules and therefore meet RACT requirements.



# CONCLUSION

Following is the summary of District staff’s findings:

1) District staff has evaluated and analyzed all reasonable c ontrol measures that were

currently available for in clusion in the 2007 AQMP.

2) The control measures in th e 2007 AQMP have included a ll RACM provided by the

public and experts.

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 7 3) The control measures in the 2007 AQMP have included all RACT and RACM

recommended by U.S. EPA in the Final Clea n Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule

for Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards.

4) In general the SCAQMD ’s ru les and regulations are equiva lent to, or more stringent

than, other districts’ rules and regulations an d their proposed control measures in their

respective State Implementation Plans. In several areas identified in Table 3, the

existing source-specific rules may be ame nded to lower the emissions standards,

promote cleaner technologies, add additiona l best management practices, and improve

enforceability. District staff will monitor th e rule development of other air districts,

explore all feasibilities, and conduct further an alyses to refine th e emission inventory,

emission reductions, and cost-effectiveness anal ysis. Nevertheless, District staff has

included one or more control measures in its 2007 AQMP to facilitate these activities.

5) District staff has developed 37 stationary source control measures that contained all

measures included in other districts’ air quality management plans. In addition, District

staff has developed many innov ative stationary source control measures, such as

Control Measure MCS-01 – Facility Modernization, CTS-02 - Clean Coating

Certification, MCS-07 – Application of All Feasib le Measures, and FLX-01 –

Economic Incentive Progra ms, that were not included in other districts’ air quality

management plans.

6) The few available control measures that Dist rict staff did not include collectively would

not advance the attainment date or contri bute to RFP for the Basin because of the

insignificant or non-quantifiable amount of emission reductions that they may

potentially generate.

7) The RACM demonstration for transporta tion control measures are included in

Appendix IV-C, and all mobile source c ontrol measures provided by CARB to

SCAQMD are deemed RACM. 4

4 

# E-mail from Lucille Van Ommering to Minh Pham, titled “Response on the offer to work on mobile source RACM

Analysis”, dated February 7, 2007.

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 8 REFERENCES

CARB, Discussion Paper - Air Resources Boar d SIP Symposium - Concepts for State and

Federal Measures & Descriptions of Draft Ne ar-Term State and Federal Control Concepts,

October 2006.

EPA Control Techniques Guide lines for Industrial Cleaning Solvents, EPA 453/R-06-001,

September 2006.

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for O ffset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress

Printing, EPA 453/R-06- 002, September 2006.

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Flex ible Package Printing, EPA 453/R-06-003,

September 2006.

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Flat Wood Paneling Coatings , EPA 453/R-06-004,

September 2006.

EPA Memorandum, Guidance on the Reasonably Available Control Measure (RACM)

Requirement and Attainment De monstration Submissions for Oz one Non-attainment Areas,

from John S. Seitz, Director of Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards to Regional Air

Division Directors, Region I – X, November 30, 1999. www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1pgm.html

EPA Final Rule to Implement the 8-Hour Ozone National Ambi ent Air Quality Standard –

Phase 2; Federal Register, Vo lume 70, pages 71659 – 71661.

EPA Final Rule to Implement the Fine Par ticle National Ambient Air Quality Standard,

March 29, 2007.

North Central Texas Council of Governments, Final 8-Hour Attainme nt Demonstration SIP

Control Strategies – Review of Emission Reduction Control St rategies for Nitrogen Oxides

(NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) for the North Central Texas Ozone Nonattainment Area, Prepared by Environ, August 29, 2006.

Port of Los Angeles & Port of Long Beach - Final San Pedr o Bay Ports Clean Air Action

Plan, November 20, 2006.

Personal Communication, e-mails from David Je sson of EPA Region IX to Minh Pham of

SCAQMD – RACM Requirements and Final Draft 2007 AQMP, November & December

2006.

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 9 Personal Communication, e-mail from Lucille Van Ommering of CARB to Minh Pham of

SCAQMD – Response on the O ffer to Work on Mobile Source RACM Analysis, dated

February 7, 2007.

San Joaquin Valley APCD, Final Draft 2007 8- Hour Ozone Attainment Plan, January 29,

2007.

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Manage ment District, Draf t 2007 Regional 8-Hour

Ozone Attainment Plan – Proposed Control Measures, November 2006.

SCAQMD, Status Report on Port of Los Ange les and Port of Long Beach Clean Air Action

Plan, and AQMD Staff Comments; and Adopt Re solution to Set Aside Heavy-Duty Vehicle

Clean-up Assistance Funding, Ag enda #27, Governing Board Meeting November 3, 2006.

SCAQMD, Adopt SCAQMD 8-Hour Reasonably Available Control Technology State

Implementation Plan, Agenda #37, Gove rning Board Meeting, July 7, 2006.

SCAQMD, Technical Assessment for Rule 463 – Organic Liquid Storage, November 2005.

SCAQMD, Technical Assessment for Rule 11 25 – Metal Container, Closure, and Coil

Coating Operations, February 2005.

Texas Commission on Environm ental Quality, Dallas-Forth Wo rth Cement Kiln Study -

Assessment of NOx Emissions Re duction Strategies for Cement Kilns – Ellis County, Final

Report, July 14, 2006.

Ventura County Air Pollution Control District , RACT SIP Analysis & Letter from Michael

Villegas, Ventura APCD, to Andrew Steckel, EPA Region 9, June 2006.

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 10 TABLE 1

8-Hour Ozone Designations

Non-Attainment Area Classification Attainment Date

Los Angeles South Coast Air Basi n, California Severe-17 June 2021

San Joaquin Valley, California Serious June 2013

Sacramento Metro, California Serious June 2013

Ventura County, California Moderate June 2010

San Francisco Bay Area, California Marginal June 2007

Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas (DFW) Moderate June 2010

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Te xas (HGB) Moderate June 2010

# Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 11 TABLE 2

U.S. EPA RACT and RACM for PM2.5 Implementation

Control Measure Concept for PM2.5 Note 1 

# AQMP Control

Measure

Stationary Source Measures

Stationary diesel engi ne retrofit, rebuild or replacement, with

catalyzed particle filter Rule 1470

Proposed Rule 1110.2

New or upgraded emission control requirements for direct PM2.5

emissions at stationary sources (e.g., baghouse or electrostatic

precipitator; improved monitoring methods) BCM-01

Improved capture of particulate emissions BCM-01

New or upgraded emission controls for PM2.5 precursors at stationary

sources (e.g., wet/dry scrubbers) MCS-07

Energy efficiency measures to reduce fuel consumption MCS-03

Measures to reduce fugitive dust fr om industrial sites BCM-01, BCM-02.

MCS-07

Mobile Source Measures

On-road diesel engine retrofits for school buses and trucks using U.S.

EPA-verified technologies ARB-ONRD-04

Nonroad diesel engine retrofit, rebu ild/replace with catalyzed particle

filter ARB-OFFRD-04

Diesel idling programs for trucks, locomotive, and other mobile

sources Existing rule Note 2



# ARB-ONRD-01 Note 3



# Transportation control measures (i ncluding those listed in section

108(f) of the CAA as well as other TCMs), as well as other

transportation demand management and transportation systems

management strategies TCM

Programs to reduce emissions or ac celerate retirement of high

emitting vehicles, boats, lawn and garden equipment ARB-ONRD-04 to 05,

ARB-OFRD-01 to 05

SCONRD-01, 03, 04,

SCOFFRD-01 to 04, 06

Emissions testing and repair/mai ntenance programs for on-road

vehicles ARB-ONRD-01,

MOB-05 and 06

Emissions testing and repair/mai ntenance programs for non-road

heavyduty vehicles and equipment Note 4

Programs to expand use of clean burning fuels SC-FUEL-01, 02

Opacity/emissions standards for ``gross-emitting'' diesel equipment or

vessels ARB-ONRD-01

# Appendix VI: Reasonably Av ailable Control Measures

VI - 12 TABLE 2 (continued)

U.S. EPA RACT and RACM for PM2.5 Implementation

Area Source Measures

New open burning regulations and/or measures BCM-04

Smoke management programs to minimize emissions from forest and

agricultural burning activities BCM-04

Reduce emissions from woodst oves and fireplaces BCM-03

Regulate charbroiling/other commer cial cooking operations BCM-05

Reduce solvent usage or solvent substitution (particularly for organic

compounds with 7 carbon atoms or more , such as toluene, xylene, and

trimethyl benzene) CTS-03

Category-Specific Guidelines on Innovative Approaches

Electric-sector Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Measures MOB-07, MCS-03

Long Duration Switch Yard Locomotive Idling Note 5

Long Duration Truck Idling Note 5

Clean Diesel Combustion Technology Note 5

Commuter Choice Program TCM

Note: 1) The U.S. EPA Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule for Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards,

March 29, 2007. 2) CARB Title 13, Section 1956.8. 3) In ARB-ONRD-01, CARB proposes to include emissions

testing and repair/maintenance programs for on-road mobile sources in its Smog Check program in order to identify high

emitters and initiate repair of such vehicles appropriately. 4) Emission testing, maintenance and repair provisions will be

built in the rules during rule development to implement app licable off-road control measures. 5) If there are any

additional SIP emission reductions that could be accounted for using these innovative technology, they would be

addressed by CARB during the rule development of their on-road and off-road control measures.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 13TABLE 3Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1101 SOx Secondary Lead Smelters –Sulfur Oxides (Amended10/7/77)200 ppmv SOx and 4.2 lbs SOxper ton process weight1102 VOC Petroleum Solvent DryCleaners (Amended11/17/00)Maximum usage 15 gals permonth and various equipmentspecifications and operatingrequirements. Exemptionsprovided for certain types of drycleaning provided that detergentsand additives must be less than50 g/l VOC.1103 VOC Pharmaceuticals andCosmetics Manufacturing(Amended 3/12/99)For reactors, distillationcolumns, crystallizers, orcentrifuges: 15 lbs/day VOC oruse surface condensers. For airdryers: 90% control efficiencyor 33 lbs/day VOC. Also includeother various operatingrequirements.1104 VOC Wood Flat Stock CoatingOperation (Amended8/13/99)2.1 lbs/gal, less water andexempt solvent. In lieu of VOClimit, use control device having95% control efficiency (or 50ppmv outlet) and 90% collectingefficiency1105SOx Fluid Catalytic CrackingUnits – Oxides of Sulfur(Amended 9/1/84)132 lbs SOx per barrel of feed.FCCU is currently subject toRECLAIMFollowing the U.S. EPA consentdecrees, several refineries in theDistrict achieved emission levelsas low as 25 ppmv (365 dayaverage) and 50 ppmv (7 day avg)Possibility of lowering SOx limitthrough RECLAIM rules throughCMB-02 – BARCT for SOx inRECLAIMAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 14TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1105.1 PM,NH3Reduction of PM10 andAmmonia Emissions FromFluid Catalytic CrackingUnits (Adopted 11/7/03)0.005 grain/dscf PM10 and 10ppmv NH3 slip1106 VOC Marine Coating Operations(Amended 1/13/95)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 275 – 780 g/L. In lieu ofcomplying with specificemission limits, operator can useair pollution control system withat least 85% efficiency. Solventcleaning operations must complywith Rule 1171.Ventura Rule 74.24 (Amended11/11/03) generally has the samelimits as South Coast Rule 1106,except the limit for specialmarking of items such as flightdecks, ship numbers is 420 g/linstead of 490 g/l in South CoastRule 1106.Bay Area Rule 8-43 (Amended10/16/02) generally has the samelimits as South Coast Rule 1106,except it has lower limit forpretreatment wash primer at 420g/l compared to 780 g/l in SouthCoast Rule 1106There is no known source subject tothe 420 g/l limit for special markingof items in Ventura Rule 74.24.In addition, the sources that subjectto the 420 g/l limit for pretreatmentwash primer in Bay Area Rule 8-43have very low usage that would notamount to significant air qualitybenefits.1106.1 VOC Pleasure Craft CoatingOperations (Amended2/12/99)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 340 – 780 g/L. Solventcleaning operations must complywith Rule 1171.Ventura Rule 74.24.1 (Amended01/08/02) has similar coating limitsas South Coast Rule 1106.1 andrequires coating be applied bymethods capable of achieving atleast 65% transfer efficiency (e.g.hand application or HVLP).Due to a variance, District staffremoved transfer efficiencyrequirements from Rule 1106.1.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 15TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1107 VOC Coating of Metal Parts andProducts (Amended 1/6/06)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 2.3 lbs/gal – 3.5 lbs/gal. Inlieu of complying with specificemission limits, operator can useair pollution control system withat least 95% control efficiency(or 5 ppmv outlet) and 90%capture efficiency. Solventcleaning operations must complywith Rule 1171.Ventura Rule 74.12 (Amended11/11/03) generally has the samecoating-specific limits as SouthCoast Rule 1107, except formetallic coating limit is 3 lb/galwhich is slightly lower than SouthCoast’s limit at 3.5 lb/gal; andrequires solvents used for surfacepreparation and clean up to meet70 g/l, higher than South CoastRule 1171 limit at 25 g/l.Explore the feasibility of loweringVOC limits considering the diversityof applications, and if feasible,implementing through one of thefollowing control measures:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1108 VOC Cutback Asphalt (Amended2/1/85)0.5% by volume VOCevaporated at 500 degrees F.Ventura Rule 74.28 – AsphaltRoofing Operations (Adopted5/10/94) has work practicerequirements for asphalt roofingoperations. South Coast does nothave a similar rule.Restrict the use of cutback asphaltthrough the implementation of:FUG-03 – Emission Reductions fromCutback Asphalt1108.1 VOC Emulsified Asphalt(Amended 11/4/83)3% by volume VOC evaporatedat 500 degrees F1109 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from Boilers andProcess Heaters – PetroleumRefineries (Amended 8/5/88)0.03 lbs/mmBTU of heat input(~25 ppmv). Subsumed byRECLAIM. RECLAIM(amended 1/2005 version) used 5ppmv for >110 mmbtu/hr and 25ppmv for units 40-100 mmbtu/hr.San Joaquin current Rule 4306limits are 5 ppmv for refinery units> 110 mmbtu/hr, 25 ppmv for units> 65 mmbtu/hr, 30 ppmv for units< 20 mmbtu/hr. For other units, 9ppmv (or 6 ppmv) for units >20mmbtu/hr and 15 ppmv (or 9ppmv) for units from 5-20mmbtu/hr.Lower NOx limits through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 16TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1110.2 NOx,VOC,COEmissions from Gaseous andLiquid Fueled Engines(Amended 6/3/05)Applicable to engines > 50 bhp•36 ppmv NOx, 5% oxygenon a dry basis, averaged over15 minutes•250 ppmv VOC, 15%oxygen on a dry basis,averaged over 15 minutes•2000 ppmv CO, 5% oxygenon a dry basis, averaged over15 minutes.Standards are less stringent forengines that are used for electricpower generation; or firedlandfill gas, sewage digester gas,oil field-produced gas, or LPG;or used to drive a water supply orconveyance pump; or used forintegral engine compressorapplication operating less than4000 hours per year.Many of Rule 1110.2 engines arein RECLAIM, RECLAIM,amended 1/2005, had norecommendation for BARCT forthis category. However, BARCTanalysis is an on-going processthat will be reevaluated everythree years.San Joaquin Valley current Rule4702 (Amended 4/20/06) has NOxstandards of :•25 ppmv NOx or 96%reduction for rich-burn sparkignited engines that are notused in agricultural operations,and 65 ppmv NOx or 90%reduction for lean burn nonagricultural- operationalengines.•For engines used inagricultural operations, thestandards are 90 ppmv NOxrich-burn and 50 ppmv leanburn spark-ignited engines.•Compression engines mustmeet U.S. EPA’s Tier 4standards by 2025 or 12 yearsafter installation, whichever islater.In their 2007 AQMP, San Joaquinproposes to accelerate replacementof engines with electric motors,either through regulations orincentive programs.North Central Texas final 2007AQMP proposes to adoptregulation similar to San JoaquinRule 4702.Lower NOx standards and reassessthe need for allowing higherstandards for specific types ofengines implementing through:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresCMB-04 – Natural Gas FuelSpecificationsRulemaking efforts to adopt lowerNOx standards (even lower than thelimits in San Joaquin Valley Rule4702) and additional stringentmonitoring is already initiated inJanuary 2007.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 17TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1111 NOx NOx Emissions fromNatural-Gas-Fired, Fan-TypeCentral Furnaces (Amended7/8/83)40 nanograms per joule heatoutput1112 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from Cement Kilns(Amended 6/6/86)Applicable to gray cement only.11.6 lbs/ton clinker averagedover 24 hours and 6.4 lbs/tonclinker averaged over 30 days.Subsumed by RECLAIM.RECLAIM, amended 1/2005version, had no recommendationfor cement kiln BARCT.However, RECLAIM BARCTanalysis is an on-going processand will be evaluated every threeyears.North Central Texas proposes toreduce NOx from cement kilns to80%-85% using technology suchas SCR or LoTOxPotentially lower NOx allocationsthrough:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1112.1 PM Emissions of ParticulateMatter from Cement Kilns(Amended 2/7/86)Applicable to gray cement only.0.4 lbs PM/tons of kiln feed forkilns rating less than 75 tons perhour; or 30 lbs per hour for kilnrating of 75 tons per hour ormore.Note: Rule 1156 has morestringent PM limit than this rule.1113 VOC Architectural Coatings(Amended 7/9/04)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 50 g/L – 730 g/L. Allowaveraging.1115 VOC Motor Vehicle AssemblyLine Coating Operations(Amended 5/12/95)Limits from 1.2 lbs VOC/galcoating for electrophoreticprimer to 15 lbs/gal of appliedsolids for primer, primer surfacerand topcoat. Cleaning operationsmust comply with Rule 1171.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 18TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1116.1 SOx Lightering Vessel Operations– Sulfur Content of BunkerFuel (Adopted 10/20/78)0.5% sulfur by weight1117 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from Glass MeltingFurnaces (Amended 1/6/84)4 lb/NOx per ton of glass pulled.Flat glass and fiberglass meltingfurnaces are exempt.Many of these R1117 units are inRECLAIM. RECLAIM(Amended 1/2005 version) hadno BARCT recommendation forthis class. However, BARCTanalysis is an on-going processand will be reevaluated everythree years.San Joaquin Rule 4354 – GlassMelting Furnaces (Amended8/17/06) have NOx, CO, VOC,SOx limits. For NOx, 4 lb/ton forcontainer glass and fiberglass and7 lb/ton - 9 lb/ton for flat glassmelting furnaces.Since there is a potential to lowerthe standards through BARCT (e.g.scrubber and SCR), San Joaquinproposes to lower the standardsfor all glass furnaces in their 2007AQMP.Monitor rulemaking efforts of otherair districts and explore thefeasibility of potentially loweringNOx, and setting CO, VOC, SOxstandards through:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1118 All Refinery Flares (Amended11/4/05)•Minimize flare emissions &require smokeless operations•Specify SO2 performancetarget which graduallydecreases to less than 0.5tons per million barrel ofcrude by 2012.•If the performance target isexceeded, the operator must1) pay mitigation fee of$25,000 per ton SO2 inexcess of applicable target toa maximum of $4 million; or2) submit a Flare MitigationPlan to reduce emissions.Bay Area Rule 12-12, adopted4/5/06, contains similarrequirements to those in SouthCoast’s Rule 1118. However, itdoes not specify a declining SO2performance target and does notcontain a mitigation fee option.Explore the possibility of furtherminimizing flare related eventsthrough:MCS-06 – Improved Startup,Shutdown & Turnaround ProceduresFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 19TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1118(Cont.)All Refinery Flares (Amended11/4/05)•Require Specific CauseAnalysis for flare eventexceeding a threshold of 100lbs VOC, 500 lbs of SO2, or500,000 scfm of vent gas,excluding planned shutdown,startup and turnarounds•Require 160 ppmv H2S, 3hour average by 1/1/2009•No limits for NOx, VOC,PM and CO.San Joaquin Valley Rule 4311,adopted 6/15/06, have VOC andNOx limits for ground-levelenclosed flares and operationalrequirements for all flares thathave potential to emit more than 10tons per year of VOC and morethan 10 tons per year of NOx.Note that only two out of twentyeight flares in the South Coast airbasin are ground-level flares whichare also subject to the requirementsof Rule 1118..1119 SOx Petroleum Coke CalciningOperations – Oxides ofSulfur (Amended 3/2/79)Reduce SOx by 80%1120 NOx Asphalt Pavement Heaters(Adopted 8/4/78)80 ppmv H2S1121 NOx Control of Nitrogen Oxidesfrom Residential Type,Natural-Gas-Fired WaterHeaters (Amended 9/3/04)15 ppmv at 3% O2, dry input (or10 ng/j output) for all stationarywater heaters; and55 ppmv at 3% O2, dry input (40ng/j output) for mobile waterheaters.Other Districts’ plans propose toaccelerate replacements of oldwater heaters with electric units ornew highly-efficient loweremitting water heaters with the useof incentives.Possibility of using incentives topromote electric heaters through:FLX-01 – Carl Moyer for stationarysources1122 VOC Solvent Degreasers(Amended 10/1/04)Contain various work practiceand design requirements.1123 VOC Refinery ProcessTurnarounds (Amended12/7/90)Vent to storage areas or gasdisposal system until pressure inthe vessel is below 5 psig orwithin 5% above the minimumgage pressure at which thevapors can be collected.San Joaquin Rule 4454 requirescontrol (vapor recovery andcombustion) and depressurizationto less than 5 psig. San Joaquin2007 AQMP control measureproposes to further study theinventory associated with thiscategory.Further study the inventories andcontrol through one of the following:MCS-06 – Start-Up, ShutDownMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 20TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1124 VOC Aerospace Assembly andComponent ManufacturingOperations (Amended9/21/01)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 160 – 1000 g/L. Specifichigh transfer coating applications(e.g. HVLP spray). In lieu ofcomplying with specificemission limits, operator can useair pollution control system withat least 95% control efficiency(or 50 ppmv outlet) and 90%capture efficiency. Solventcleaning operations must complywith Rule 1171.1125 VOC Metal Container, Closure,and Coil Coating Operations(Amended 1/13/95)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 0 g/L (for non food cans) –660 g/L. Specific high transfercoating applications (e.g. HVLPspray). In lieu of complyingwith specific emission limits,operator can use air pollutioncontrol system with at least 95%control efficiency (or 50 ppmvoutlet) and 90% captureefficiency, which is equivalent toan overall control efficiency of85%. Solvent cleaningoperations must comply withRule 1171.San Joaquin Rule 4603 and 4604have limits for 11 categories ofspecialty coatings ranging from 20g/l – 750 g/l and some coatingssuch as end seal compounds at 20g/l which are more stringent thanSouth Coast limit at 440 g/l (forfood/beverage cans). San Joaquinis in the rule making process tolower these standards.Midwest RPO proposes 100%capture and 90% - 95% controlefficiency for existing sources and97% for new/reconstructed sourcesin this category.Explore the feasibility of loweringVOC limits through:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresThe incremental increase from 85%to 90%-97% in control efficiency isnot cost-effective for the sources inthe South Coast air basin.(note)Note: Staff Technical Assessment, 2005.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 21TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1126 VOC Magnet Wire CoatingOperations (Amended1/13/95)Coating-specific emission limitsless than 200 g/L, or use controlequipment to achieve equivalentreduction. Solvent cleaningoperations must comply withRule 1171.1127 VOC Emission Reductions fromLivestock Waste (Adopted8/6/04)Good housekeeping practices.Note: The District just adoptedRule 223 in June 2006 to reduceemission for large confinedanimal facilities. Rule 223includes series of goodmanagement practices that aremore stringent than Rule 1127.Sacramento Rule 496 – LargeConfined Animal Facilities(Adopted 8/24/06), has morestringent control and goodmanagement practices than SouthCoast Rule 1127 (e.g. venting tocontrol system with at least 80%control efficiency).In the 2007 AQMP, San JoaquinValley proposed to increase thenumber of good managementpractices and control efficiency ascalled for in their existing rule.Explore the feasibility of furtheremission reductions throughincreasing number of goodmanagement practices and controlefficiency as called for in SanJoaquin Valley 2007 AQMPthrough:MCS-05 – Emission Reductionsfrom Non-Dairy Livestock WasteMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1128 VOC Paper, Fabric and FilmCoating Operations(Amended 3/8/96)Coating-specific emission limitsfrom 20 – 265 g/L. Specific hightransfer coating applications (e.g.HVLP spray). Alternatively,operator can also use controlsystem with at least 95% controlefficiency (or 50 ppmv outlet)and 90% capture efficiency.Solvent cleaning operations mustcontain 15% or less VOC or 85%VOC must be collected anddisposed of.Midwest RPO proposes 100%capture and 90% - 95% controlefficiency for existing sources and97% for new/reconstructedsources.The incremental increase from 85%to 90%-97% in control efficiency isnot cost-effective for the existingsources in the South Coast airbasin.(note)Note: Per communication with Bill Milner on February 13, 2007.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 22TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1130 VOC Graphic Arts (Amended10/8/99)VOC content limits: 80 g/l – 100g/l for fountain solution, 150 g/lfor adhesives, 225 g/l - 300 g/lfor inks and coatings. In lieu ofmeeting specific emission limits,control device with overallcontrol efficiency from 75% -85% can be used to achieveequal or better emissionreductions.VOC limits for cleaningsolutions for printing presses arein Rule 1171 ranging from 25 g/l(0.21 lb/gal) for flexographicprinting to 100 g/l (0.83 lb/gal)for lithographic printing (eventhough 500 g/l is allowed up toend of year 2007.)The U.S. EPA CTG forlithographic and letterpress,September 2006, recommends:•Destruction efficiency of 90%to 95% depending on the dateof installation (or 20 ppmvVOC outlet concentration) forheat-set web offset presseswith potential to emit, prior tocontrols, of at least 25 tpy.•For all operations emitting 15lb/day, requirements forfountain solution are:•1.6% by weight alcoholor less as applied, or 3%if refrigerated chiller isused, or 5% alcoholsubstitute for heat-setweb presses;•5% alcohol for sheet-fedpresses;•5% alcohol substitute andno alcohol in fountainsolution for cold-set webpresses.Rule 1130 requires overall controlefficiency from 75% - 85%, withdestruction efficiency typically 95%or more. The level of alcohol infountain solution will be reducedthrough the implementation of:(note)MCS-01 - Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresNote: Per communication with Bill Milner on February 13 and 21, 2007.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 23TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1130(Cont.)The U.S. EPA CTG forrotogravure and flexographic,adopted in September 2006,recommends an overall controlefficiency of 80% for pressesinstalled after March 1995, and65% - 75% for older presses.In addition, Midwest 2007 OzonePlan candidate control measure forrotogravure and flexographyprinting proposes to increase therequirements for capture efficiencyto 100% and destruction efficiencyto 90% - 95%.1130.1 VOC Screen Printing Operations(Amended 12/13/96)VOC content limits ranges from400 g/l – 800 g/l for materialsused in screen printing. In lieuof specific emission limits,control device can be used toachieve equal or betterreductions, at least 95%.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 24TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1131 VOC Food Product Manufacturingand Processing Operations(Amended 6/6/03)VOC content limits from 120 –200 g/L, or air pollution controlsystem with at least 95% controlefficiency and 90% captureefficiency. Solvent cleaningoperations must contain 15% orless VOC or 85% VOC must becollected and disposed of.1132 VOC Further Control of VOCfrom High Emitting SprayBooths (Amended 5/7/04)Further reduce emissions by 65%from the baseline primarilythrough the installation ofcontrol devices, beyond andabove the use of coatings thatcomply with existing coatingrules.1133,1133.1,1133.2VOC,NH3Composting and RelatedOperationsVarious performance standards.Air pollution control must have80% control efficiency orgreater. Existing operationsmust reduce up to 70% baselineVOC and ammonia emissions.Baseline emission factors are1.78 lbs VOC/ton throughput and2.93 lbs NH3/ton throughput.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 25TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1134 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from StationaryGas Turbines (Amended8/8/97)Standard = Reference Limit x(Unit Efficiency/25%), wherereference limit depends on sizeof units, varying from 9 ppmvfor units rating at equal to orlarger than 10MW to 25 ppmvfor units rating from 0.3 MW toless than 2.9 MW.RECLAIM, amended 1/2005version, indicated that 5 ppmvwas achieved in practice but notcost effective, therefore did notpropose BARCT. This analysismay need to be revised based onnew information. RECLAIMBARCT is an on-going processthat is planned to be reviewedevery 3 years.Sacramento Rule 413 (Amended03/24/05) has standards from 9ppmv – 25 ppmv depending onsize of units, but are independenton equipment efficiency.San Joaquin Rule 4703 (Amended8/17/06) has standards from 5ppmv – 50 ppmv depending onsize of units. Combined cycleunits > 10 MW has limit of 3ppmv. San Joaquin is nowproposing to revisit its current rulefor further reduction.Ventura Rule 74.9 (Amended11/08/05) has standards from 25 –125 ppmv depending on fuel typebut are independent fromequipment size and efficiency.Control efficiency 90% - 96%control efficiency. In addition, allunits have to meet 20 ppmv NH3.Reevaluate whether there is a need toallow units with higher efficiency tohave higher limits. Potentially lowerNOx standards, and establishammonia standard through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 26TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1135 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen From ElectricPower Generating Systems(Amended 7/19/91)Mass emission limits andemission reduction goals forutility boilers. Only City ofGlendale is subject to Rule 1135,which is allowed to meet 0.2lb/MW-hr (or a daily mass limitof 390 lb NOx per day, or anannual limit of 35 tons per year).Other utility boilers are inRECLAIM subject to decliningNOx allocations which weredetermined based on a level of 7ppmv (about 0.07 lb/MW-hrassuming a heat rate of 8130Btu/kw-hr), and are operated atvarious BARCT levels from 5ppmv – 30 ppmv.(Note)Ventura Rule 59 (amended7/15/97) requires:•0.1 lb NOx/MW-Hr for utilityboilers and•0.04 lb/MW-hr for auxiliaryboilers.San Joaquin Rule 4306 – Phase 3(amended 3/17/2005) requiresboilers more than 20 mmbtu/hr tocomply with the following options:•Standard option of 9 ppmv (or0.011 lb/mmbtu) complied by2005-2007, or•Enhanced option of 6 ppmv (or0.007 lb/mmbtu) complied by2006-2008. (Assuming a heatrate of 8130 Btu/kw-hr, 6ppmv is about 0.06 lb/MW-hr.)Explore the feasibility of loweringthe emission targets through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1136 VOC Wood Products Coatings(Amended 6/14/96)VOC content limits range from2.3 – 6.3 lbs/gal VOC.Averaging provisions and add-oncontrol are allowed. Transferefficiency is at least 65%, oroperator must use certain type ofequipment (e.g. HVLP). Solventcleaning operations must complywith Rule 1171.Ventura Rule 74.30 (Amended6/27/06) generally has similarlimits as South Coast’s Rule 1136except that the limit in Ventura is2 lbs/gal, lower than 2.9 lbs/gal inSouth Coast, for high-solid stainson new wood products. In lieu ofcoating specific limits, controlequipment achieving 90%efficiency is allowed. Noaveraging provisions in Ventura.Explore the feasibility of loweringVOC limits for new wood productsthrough:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresNote: RECLAIM facilities have flexibility to operate their utilityboilers provided that the total facility emissions must beat or below their allocations determinedbased on a level of 7 ppmv. Regarding BARCT levels, per Marty Kay and John Yee, the utility boilers at Southern California Edison, Department of Water andPower, and City pf Burbank are operated at a level from 5 – 7 ppmv (1-hr to 1-month avg time) whereas City of Pasadena boilersare operated at a level of 30 ppmv.In addition, since heat rate (mmbtu per kw-hr) varies with each utility boiler, District staff used 8130 BTU/kw-hr to convert the ppmv to lb/MW-hr for the unitoperated by City of Glendale.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 27TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1137 PM PM10 Reduction FromWoodworking Operations(Amended 2/1/02)Good housekeeping practicesRule 1156 contains emissionstandard for baghouses.Set emission standards or controlefficiency through:BCM-01 – PM Control DevicesMCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible Measures1138 PM Control Of Emissions FromRestaurant Operations(Amended 11/14/97)Require catalytic oxidizer forchain-driven charbroilers.Exemption provided for underfired charbroilers and unitscooking less than 875 lbs/week.Ventura Rule 74.25 (Adopted10/12/04) which has equivalentrequirements as in Rule 1138.Bay Area Proposed Rule 2 ofRegulation 6 (2/13/07) proposedemission standards of 0.74 lbsPM10 and 0.23 lbs VOC perthousand pounds of meat cookedfor all chain-driven char-broilers;1.9 lbs PM10 per thousand poundsof meat cooked for all under-firedcharbroilers with combined totalgrill surface area of at least 10square feet. The rule alsoproposed that all hood/ventilationsystem must meet certain captureefficiency requirements.Potentially set emission standards orcontrol efficiency through:BCM-05 – Emission Reductionsfrom Under Fired Charbroilers1140 PM Abrasive Blasting (Amended8/2/85)Visibility standard.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 28TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1141VOCControl of Volatile OrganicCompound Emissions fromResin Manufacturing(Amended 11/17/00)95% - 98% control or 0.12 – 0.5lbs/1000 lbs of resin produced1141.1VOCCoatings and InkManufacturing (Amended11/17/00)Operational work practices1141.2 VOC Surfactant Manufacturing(Amended 1/11/02)95% control or 0.5 lbs/1000 lbsof surfactant produced1142 VOC Marine Tank VesselOperations (Amended7/19/91)2 lbs/1000 barrels liquid loadedor 95% emissions reduced1145 VOC Plastic, Rubber, Leather andGlass Coatings (Amended12/3/04)VOC limits: 50–800 lbs VOCper gallon. Avg provisions andadd-on control at 95% controlefficiency (50 ppmv outlet), 90%capture efficiency. High transfercoating equipment (e.g. HVLP).Solvent cleaning operations mustcomply with Rule 1171.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 29TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1146 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from Industrial,Institutional and CommercialBoilers, Steam Generators,and Process Heaters(Amended 11/17/00)Applicable to units rating ofmore than 5 mmbtu/hr.Current limits are:•30 ppmv NOx for unitsrating more than 40mmbtu/hr and > 25% annualcapacity factor•40 ppmv NOx for unitsratings from 5 mmbtu/hr to40 mmbtu/hr and units > 40mmbtu/hr and < 25% annualcapacity factor•400 ppmv COMany Rule 1146 units are inRECLAIM. RECLAIM(Amended 1/2005 version)recommended 12 ppmv for unitsless than 20 mmbtu/hr and 9ppmv for units more than 20mmbtu/hrSacramento Rule 411 (Amended10/27/05) limits for gaseous fuelare 9 ppmv for units greater than20 mmbtu/hr, and 15 ppmv forunits from 5 mmbtu/hr to 20mmbtu/hr.San Joaquin Rule 4306 (Amended03/17/05) has limits from 5 ppmv –30 ppmv depending on type/size ofboilers•5 ppmv for refinery unitsgreater than 110 mmbtu/hr,•6 ppmv for units greater than20 mmbtu/hr,•9 ppmv for units less than 20mmbtu/hrSan Joaquin 2007 control measureproposes to lower the limit forboilers/heaters to 6 pppmv forunits less than 20 mmbtu/hr by2012.Explore the feasibility of loweringNOx standards through one of thefollowing control measures:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresRule Forecast: June 2007Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 30TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1146.1 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from SmallIndustrial, Institutional, andCommercial Boilers, SteamGenerators, and ProcessHeaters (Amended 5/13/94)Applicable to units rating from 2mmbtu/hr to 5 mmbtu/hr.Current limits are:•30 ppmv NOx (0.037lb/mmbtu of heat input)•400 ppmv COMany Rule 1146.1 units are inRECLAIM, and RECLAIM(Amended 1/2005 version)BARCT analysis recommended12 ppmv for less than 20mmbtu/hr units based on ultralow NOx technology that isachieved in practice.Bay Area Rule 9-11 (Amended5/17/00) has following limits forboilers using gaseous fuel 1) 10ppmv for boilers with rated inputgreater than 1.75 mmbtu/hr, 2) 25ppmv for boilers from 1.5-1.75mmbtu/hr, 3) 30 ppmv for boilersless than 1.5 million btu/hr. Nongaseous fuel combustion deviceshave higher limits than gaseousfuel devices.San Joaquin’s draft 2007 AQMPproposes to promote the use ofelectric heaters in place of smallboilers and heaters.Explore the feasibility of loweringNOx standards or promote the use ofelectric units through incentivesthrough one of the following:MCS-01 – Facility ModernizationMCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresFLX-01 – Carl Moyer-type incentiveprogram for stationary sourcesRule Forecast: June 20071146.2 NOx Emissions of Oxides ofNitrogen from Large WaterHeaters and Small Boilers(Amended 5/5/06)Applicable to units less than 2mmbtu/hr.Current limits are:•30 ppmv for units from 0.4 –2 mmbtu/hr•55 ppmv for units rating lessthan 400,000 btu/hrNorth Central Texas Final 2007SIP – Small Boilers & Heatersproposes to use NOx standards forsmall boilers/heaters less than 2mmbtu/hr adopted by San JoaquinValley APCD Rule 4308, amended10/05, which are equivalent tocurrent standards in Rule 1146.2..Final 2007 AQMPVI - 31TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1148 VOC Thermally Enhanced OilRecovery Wells (Amended11/5/82)4.5 lbs/day or less per well1149 VOC Storage Tank Degassing(Amended 7/14/95)Degassing operations must becontrolled by control equipmentachieving 90% efficiency for aminimum time limit estimated inthe rule based on volume of thegas to be freed in the tank andthe flow rate through controldevice.Ventura Rule 74.26, 74.27(Adopted 10/12/04) requiresdegassing of crude oil, gasolineand other high TVP liquid storagetanks be controlled by vaporrecovery or flare having 95%control efficiency until the vaporconcentration in the tanks is lessthan 10,000 ppmv.Bay Area Rule 8-10 (Adopted1/21/04) sets requirements fordepressurizing process vessels atpetroleum refineries and chemicalplants. The gases must be ventedto control devices until the vaporconcentration in the tanks is lessthan 10,000 ppmv.Rule development is in progress atSan Joaquin to eliminateexemptions and require morestringent VOC control.Set VOC emission standards orincrease control efficiencyrequirements through:FUG-04 – Further EmissionsReduction from Pipeline and StorageTank Degassing. Propose toestablish limits and require enhancedcontrol technology.Rule Forecast: December 20071150.1 VOC Control of GaseousEmissions from ActiveLandfills (Amended12/17/00).98% control or 20 ppmv nonmethane organic compounds.50-500 ppmv total organiccompounds above backgroundAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 32TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1151 VOC Motor Vehicle and MobileEquipment Non-AssemblyLine Coating Operations(Amended 12/2/05)VOC content limits range from250 – 840 grams VOC per liter.Averaging provisions areallowed. High transfer coatingequipment (e.g. HVLP) isrequired. Solvent cleaningoperations must comply withRule 1171.Midwest RPO proposes increasingrequirements to 100% capture and95% control efficiency for surfacecoating operations for automotivesand light duty trucks.1153 VOC Commercial Bakery Ovens(Adopted 1/13/95)Emission reduction of 70% ormore is required for existingovens emitting between 50 lbs –100 lbs VOC/day, 95% or morefor ovens emitting more than 100lbs/day, and 95% or more fornew ovens.1156 PM PM10 Emission Reductionsfrom Cement ManufacturingFacilities (Adopted 11/4/05)PM standards for PM controldevices (0.01 gr/dcsf for existingand 0.005 gr/dcsf for newdevices). Good operationalpractices to reduce PM emissionsfrom aggregate and relatedoperationsFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 33TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1157 PM PM10 Emissions Reductionsfrom Aggregate and RelatedOperations (Amended9/8/06)Good operational practices toreduce PM emissions fromaggregate and related operations1158 PM Storage, Handling andTransport of Petroleum Coke(Amended 6/11/99)Reduce PM emissions throughgood management practices1159 NOx Nitric Acid Units – Oxidesof Nitrogen (Amended12/6/85)•450 ppmv 15 min avg, or•237 ppmv, 60 min avg; or•3 lbs/ton acid produced, 60min average.1162 VOC Polyester Resin Operations(Amended 7/8/05)VOC limits (monomer content)from 10-48% by weight oralternatively 90% controlefficiency for add-on control1164 VOC SemiconductorManufacturing (Amended1/13/95)VOC limit for cleanup solventsis 200 g/l or low vapor pressureof 0.64 psia at 68 degree F.Photoresist applications must bevented to control.1166 VOC Volatile Organic CompoundEmissions fromDecontamination of Soil(amended 5/11/01)Good management practices. Ventura Rule 74.29 – SoilDecontamination Operations(Amended 1/8/02) has standardsfor soil decontamination (e.g. 50 -100 ppmv ).Bay Area Rule 8-40 (Amended6/15/05) for soil decontaminationand tank degassing. All vapormust be vented to control deviceswith 90% efficiency or more untilmeeting 5,000 ppmv.Monitor rule development in SanJoaquin Valley and other air districtsand if needed conduct further studyto improve the requirements of thisrule through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 34TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1166(Cont.)San Joaquin Valley proposes acontrol measure to call foreliminating allowances for aerationand increasing overall capture andcontrol efficiency requirements forVOC collection and controlsystem.1168 VOC Adhesive and SealantApplications (Amended1/7/05)VOC limits for solvents rangefrom 30 – 775 lbs VOC pergallon. Require the use of hightransfer efficiency equipment(e.g. HVLP spray). In lieu ofmeeting the VOC limits, usingadd-on control with 80% controlefficiency is allowed.1171 VOC Solvent Cleaning Operations(Amended 7/14/06)VOC limits for solvents are 25g/l in general, and have a 100-800 g/l VOC for specificcleaning operations. In lieu ofmeeting the VOC limits, add-oncontrol having 90% collectionefficiency and 95% destructionefficiency or meeting 50 ppmvoutlet concentration can be used.The U.S. EPA RACT published inSeptember 2006 limit is 50 g/l oran overall control efficiency of85%. The U.S. EPA is notrecommending limits beyond 50g/l; however it recommends statesto adopt higher limits based onindividual performancerequirements of specificapplications. Rule 1171 meets theU.S. EPA RACT.Final 2007 AQMPVI - 35TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1173 VOC Fugitive Emissions ofVolatile Organic Compounds(Amended 12/6/02)•Require to connectatmospheric PRDs to vaporrecovery or add-on controlby first turnaround, if thefacility experiences:•a second release of morethan 500 lbs VOC withinany five year period, or•any release of 2,000 lbsVOC in any 24 hourperiod.In lieu of connecting PRDs tocontrol, operator may elect topay mitigation fee of$350,000 for any releaseexceeding the threshold.•Leak Detection and Repair(LDAR) program to reducefugitive emissions. Leakthresholds are:•for light liquid/gas/vaporservice >10,000 ppmv,•for PRDs >200 ppmv,•for pumps in heavyliquid >100 ppmvBay Area Rule 8-28 (amended12/21/05) requires atmosphericPRDs to be:•vented to vapor recovery orequivalent control devicesthat have 95% controlefficiency within one year ofthe second release event ofgreater than 10 lbs VOC.•equipped with at least two orthree redundant preventivemeasures to minimizeepisodic releases, and•equipped with tell-taleindicators.North Central Texas – Final 2007SIP, Oil & Gas Production, NaturalGas Processing, Measure #144.Propose to revise leak definitionsand requirements for shorter repairperiods based on recently revisedSan Joaquin Valley Rule 4409,amended July 2004.Potentially improve the requirementsin Rule 1173 by:•reducing the release threshold to10 lbs for atmospheric PRDs•requiring prompt action (such asconnecting atmospheric PRDs tovapor recovery or add-on controlwithin one year of the secondrelease of more than 10 lbsVOC), and•improving monitoring byencouraging the use of wirelessmonitoring device through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresRule Forecast: March 20071174 VOC Control of Volatile OrganicCompound Emissions fromthe Ignition of BarbecueCharcoal (Amended 10/5/90)VOC emissions less than 0.02 lbVOC per start.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 36TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1175 VOC Control of Emissions fromthe Manufacture ofPolymeric Cellular (Foam)Products (Amended 5/13/94)VOC limit for expandablepolystyrene molding operationsis less than 2.4 lbs/100 lbs of rawmaterial processed1176 VOC Sumps and WastewaterSeparators (Amended9/13/96)•Wastewater: 500 ppmv•Sumps and wastewaterseparators must have floatingcover with seals; or fixedcover vented to control•Sewer lines: totally enclosed•Process drains: withSCAQMD approved waterseals•Junction boxes: totallyenclosed•Control device:≥95%efficiency or≤500 ppmvleak above background•Monthly to annuallyinspectionBay Area Rule 8-8 (Amended9/15/04) in general is similar toSouth Coast Rule 1176, with thefollowing exceptions:•Floating covers must havedouble seals; and•Semi-annual inspection isallowed.In their 2007 AQMP, San JoaquinValley proposes to further studythe following areas:•Require crude oil productionsumps to have fixed roof andvented to control with 99%control efficiency;•Require wastewater separatorsto have fixed roof and ventedto control with 95% controlefficiency, and•Require floating roofs to beequipped with double sealsMonitoring rule development in SanJoaquin Valley, further studyadditional active control techniquesto reduce emissions from wastewaterseparators (e.g. open hatchemissions, negative pressure), andimplementing through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresFUG-01 – Improved Leak Detectionand RepairFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 37TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1178 VOC Further Reductions of VOCEmissions From StorageTanks at Petroleum Facilities(Amended 12/21/01)Applicable to high emittingfacility that has 20 tpy VOCemissions or more and tanks>19,815 gals with liquids havingTVP > 0.1 psia. Rule 1178requires doming for highemitting external floating rooftanks, better seals and bettercontrol for all tanks.(Note that Rule 463 is applicablefor tanks >19,815 gals at allfacilities and have requirementsfor fixed roof tanks and floatingroof tanks.)In the 2007 AQMP, San Joaquinproposes to revise Rule 4623 tolower tank capacity applicability,lower TVP threshold, and revisitexemptions to broaden sourceapplicability.Midwest RPO control measureproposes to expand sourceapplicability of LADCO state rulesto include 10,000 gal tanks.Monitor rule development in otherair districts and, if feasible,implementing through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresFUG-01 – Improved Leak Detectionand Repair(A technical assessment conductedby District staff in November 2005indicated that there were negligibleair quality benefits to lower theapplicability thresholds.)(Note)1179 VOC Publicly Owned TreatmentWorks Operations (Amended3/6/92)Include recordkeepingrequirements.1183 VOC Outer Continental Shelf(OCS) Air Regulations(Amended 4/2/04)Adopt by reference Code ofFederal, Part 55, Title 40.1186 PM PM10 Emissions from Pavedand Unpaved Roads, andLivestock Operations(Amended 1/21/00)Good management practices.1186.1 PM Less Polluting Sweepers(Amended 5/5/06)Require operators to purchaseless polluting or alternativefueled street sweepers.1189 VOC Emissions From HydrogenPlant Process Vents(Adopted 1/21/00)For existing plants, 2.5 lbs VOCper million cubic feet ofhydrogen produced. For newplants, 0.5 lbs VOC per millioncubic feet of hydrogen produced.Note: Technical Assessment for Rule 463, November 2005.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 38TABLE 3 (continued)Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and RegulationsRuleNo.TypeRule TitleCurrent Rule RequirementsOther Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules,Control Measures, U.S. EPACTGs, and Other StudiesEvaluation1191 All Light and Medium DutyFleet Vehicles (Amended6/16/00)Require public fleet to acquirenew low emitting gasoline oralternative fuel light and mediumduty vehicles.1192 All Clean On-Road TransitBuses (Amended 6/16/00)Require public fleet to acquirenew low emitting or alternativefuel heavy duty vehicles.1193 All Clean On-Road Residential/Commercial RefuseCollection Vehicles(Amended 6/6/03)Acquire new low emitting refusecollection vehicles.1194 All Commercial Airport GroundAccess (Amended 10/20/00)Acquire new low emittingvehicles that are used forpassenger transportation in/outairports.1195 All Clean On-Road SchoolBuses (Amended 5/5/06)Acquire new low emitting schoolbuses.2000 -2015NOx,SOxRECLAIM (Amended5/6/05)Include facility allocations forNOx and SOx for RECLAIMfacilitiesSince other Districts do not haveRECLAIM, refer to individualrules such as Rule 1146, 1146.1,1110.2 etc.Review BARCT through:CMB-02 – Further Reduction of SOxEmissions in RECLAIMMCS-07 - – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresRule Forecast: December 2007444 All Open Burning Contains requirements andprohibitions for open burning tominimize emissions and smokeimpacts to the public.San Joaquin Valley Rule 4103(Amended 5/19/05) containsadditional best managementpractices compared to Rule 444such as best management practicesto control open burning of weeds.Revise to include additional goodmanagement practices through:MCS-07 – Application of AllFeasible MeasuresBCM-04 – Additional PM EmissionReductions from Rule 444.Rule Forecast: 2007Final 2007 AQMPVI - 39TABLE 4Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresThis table lists the South Coast’s stationary source control measures and a comparison with other control measures contained inother regional air quality management plans andan evaluation of the concepts of the control measures. Cost effectiveness estimatesof the South Coast’s control measures, if available, are provided in Appendix IV-A.Stationary Source Control Measures - Facility Modernization2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationMCS-01 - Facility Modernization.Propose toensure timely replacement of existing equipmentto meet today’s BACT, and use of low VOCcoatings/solvents. Early retirement of equipmentmay qualify for tax incentives or emissioncredits. Applicable to all combustion sources, allfacilities using coatings/solvents beginning with>20 tpy facilities, and all facilities generatingPM.Other districts do not have a specific controlmeasure for facility modernization, but they dorecommend various BARCT analyses forcement kilns, boilers/heaters etc. as listed inTable 4 and Table 5.SCAQMD’s proposal is similar to otherDistricts’ proposal in concepts and isapplicable to a broader industrial andcommercial types of facilities.Stationary Source Control Measures- Energy Efficiency and Conservation2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationMCS-02 - Urban Heat Island.Propose toencourage activities that would lower ambienttemperatures in urban areas (e.g. lighter roofingand building materials and tree planting)Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP - UrbanForest Air Quality Development Program.Propose to add 4.9 million low-emitting trees tolocal urban forest during the next 15 years.SCAQMD’s proposal is similar toSacramento’s proposal.MCS-03 - Energy Efficiency & Conservation.Propose to use incentives to promote the use ofenergy efficient equipment.North Central Texas 2007 SIP – Credit forEnergy Conservation and Efficiency.Takeemission reduction credits for implementing SB5 and SB 7 which require electric utilities andother political entities to reduce electricityconsumption and increase energy efficiency.SCAQMD’s proposal is similar to NorthCentral Texas’s proposal in concept butapplies to broader combustion sources.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 40TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures- Good Management Practices2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationFUG-01 - Improved Leak Detection/Repair.Propose to improve the effectiveness of thefacility’s leak detection and repair (LDAR)program through the application of optical gasimaging to detect leaks (Smart LDAR), andexpand the application of LDAR to other sourcesthat do not currently have LDAR.Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP.Propose toimplement LDAR at natural gas production andprocessing facilities. Propose to expand theapplicability of LDAR to process streamcontaining more than 1% by weight VOC,instead of 10% VOC by weight which iscurrently required by many districts such asSouth Coast, San Joaquin, Ventura, Bay Area,and Santa Barbara.North Central Texas Final 2007 SIPGasoline Dispenser Hoses.Propose to imposestricter material standards for marine fuelingstation hoses to fuel hoses at gasolinedispensing facilities to reduce permeation lossesat gasoline stations.Oil & Gas Production, Natural GasProcessing.Proposes to revise leak definitionsand requirements for shorter repair periodsbased on recently revised San Joaquin ValleyRule 4409, amended July 2004.Current SCAQMD Rule 1173 alreadyrequires LDAR at natural gas processingplants. However, Rule 1173 provides anexemption for components handling fluidswith a VOC content of 10% by weight orless.In lieu of lowering the exemption limit inRule 1173 and regulating componentshandling heavy liquid with VOC content of1% by weight, SCAQMD proposes toexpand the application of LDAR program toother facilities that are currently notregulated by Rule 1173 since reducing leaksfrom other facilities will potentially providehigher VOC emission reductions.FUG-02 – Emission Reductions from GasolineTransfer and Dispensing Facilities.Propose toimprove implementation of the Enhanced VaporRecovery (EVR) Regulation, raise compliancerate from 75% to 98% by requiring one or severaladditional preventive mechanisms (e.g. alertsignal for in-station diagnostic (ISD) system todetect potential failure and initiate preventativerepairs).NoneFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 41TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationFUG-04 - Further Emission Reductions fromPipeline and Storage Tank Degassing.Propose to reevaluate current existing Rule 1149to require enhanced control technology, increasecontrol efficiency, establish concentration limits,and expand the source categories of affectedequipment.NoneBCM-01 - PM Control Devices.Propose to setstandards for PM control devices and promoteautomatic monitoring system.NoneMCS-04 - Emissions Reduction from GreenWaste Composting.Propose to maintainoptimal aerobic conditions thru best managementpractices, or utilizing state-of-the art emissionscontrol technologies.NoneMCS-06 - Improved Start-up, Shut-down &Turnaround Procedures.Propose to use bestoperating practices and proceduresNoneAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 42TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures - Market Incentives & Compliance Flexibility2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationCTS-02 - Clean Coatings CertificationProgram.Propose to certify low-, ultra low-, orzero-VOC coatings and allow lower emission feesto manufacturers of these coatings to promotesuper compliant product.NoneCMB-02 – Further SOx Reduction forRECLAIM.Propose to reduce SOx atRECLIAM facilities.NoneMCS-08 – Emission Charges of $5,000 per Tonfor Stationary Sources with PTE Over 10 TonsPer Year.NoneFLX-01 - Economic Incentive Program.Propose to implement incentive programs topromote clean air technologies; and broadentrading market for trading of mobile andstationary source emission credits.Other Districts propose to acceleratereplacements of old water heaters with electricunits or new highly-efficient lower-emittingwater heaters with the use of incentive as listedin Table 4.Similar to other Districts’ control measures.FLX-02 - Petroleum Refinery Pilot Program.Promote voluntary program for refineries to usealternative cost effective reduction opportunitieseither from on-site or off-site sources for all nonRECLAIM sources at refineries.NoneCTS-01 – Emission Reductions fromLubricants.Propose to limit VOC content inlubricant formulations at the point of sale and/oruse.NoneFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 43TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationCTS-03 - Consumer Product Certification andEmission Reductions from Use of ConsumerProducts at Institutional and CommercialFacilities.Propose to develop a labeling programto identify low VOC consumer products, andestablish a limitation of use for other consumerproducts at high volume commercial andinstitutional facilities.North Central Texas Final 2007 SIP –Commercial and Consumer ProductsRequirements.Recommend to use CARB’sand SCAQMD’s standards for commercial andconsumer products.SCAQMD’s measure is to promote greateruse of available low VOC productsCTS-04 – Emission Reductions from theReduction of VOC Content of ConsumerProducts not Regulated by the State Board.Propose to reduce VOC in this category.NoneFUG-03 – Further Emission Reductions fromCutback Asphalts.Propose to reduce emissionsfrom asphalt paving applications by limiting theuse of cutback asphalt and/or replacing it withemulsified asphalt.None. Many states (Maine, Missouri, NewYork, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Sacramentoand Placer County in California) already haveregulations to promote the use of emulsifiedasphalts.SCAQMD’s measure is to implementBARCT that are in-use at many other areasin the United States.CMB-01 - NOx Reduction from NonRECLAIM Ovens, Dryers and Furnaces.Propose BARCT level of 20 ppmv-60 ppmv or50%-75% reduction with the use of low NOxburners for all Non-RECLAIM combustionequipment, existing and new.Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP.Proposestandards of:•36 ppmv (or 63.5% overall reduction) withthe use of low NOx burners and FGR fordryer and combustion equipment at asphaltconcrete plants;•15 ppmv for equipment from 5-20mmbtu/hr and 9 ppmv for equipment >20mmbtu/hr for boilers, steam generators,process heaters rating equal to or more than5 mmbtu/hr.Sacramento’s proposal of 36 ppmv is in therange of SCAQMD’s proposal 20 ppmv -60ppmv; however SCAQMD needs to revisitthe standards based on San Joaquin Valley’srecently adopted rules for boilers, heatersand steam generators, and ovens, dryers,and dehydrators.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 44TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationCMB-01 (Continued) San Joaquin Valley APCD Rule 4309adopted 12/15/05has very stringent limits:•3.5 ppmv – 4.3 ppmv NOx for dryers,ovens, and dehydrators using gaseous fuel•3.5 ppmv – 12 ppmv NOx for dryers,ovens, and dehydrators using liquid fuel.CMB-03 - Further NOx Reductions from SpaceHeaters.Propose to set standards in a range of 15ppmv – 30 ppmv all natural gas fired fan-typefurnaces currently regulated under Rule 1111,<175,000 Btu/hr.NoneCMB-04 - Natural Gas Fuel Specifications.Applicable to all combustion sources of naturalgas. Propose to limit maximum Wobbe Index to1360 Btu/scf.NoneBCM-02 - PM Emission Hot Spots – LocalizedControl Program.Applicable to all localizedPM hot spot areas that do not meet clean airstandards. Propose to implement local measuressuch as paving, curbing, street sweeping etc, toreduce PM through cooperative efforts betweenAQMD and local governmentsNoneBCM-03 - Emission Reductions from WoodBurning Fireplaces and Wood Stoves.Proposeto implement potential strategies such as banninginstallation of new uncontrolled appliances in newbuildings.None. However, SCAQMD’s proposal is basedon rules that are adopted and implemented byvarious districts in California (e.g. San JoaquinValley, Rule 4901, Amended 7/17/03).Final 2007 AQMPVI - 45TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationBCM-04 - Additional PM Emission Reductionsfrom Rule 444 – Open Burning.Propose to addadministration and compliance streamlining of theburn program.San Joaquin Draft 2007 AQMP.Propose toidentify alternatives to burning agriculturalwastes.SCAQMD’s measure is equivalent to SanJoaquin’s.BCM-05 - Emission Reductions from UnderFired Charbroilers.Propose to continueresearch/development and evaluate potentialemission reductions and credit generationopportunities.In the Bay Area Final 2005 1-Hour Ozone Planadopted in 2006, Bay Area indicated that theywould further study the possibility of reducingemissions from commercial charbroilers. Seealso the comparison between AQMD Rule 1138and the proposed Bay Area Rule 2, Regulation 6(2/2007) in Table 4.MCS-05 - Emission Reductions from NonDairy Livestock Waste.Propose to use bestmanagement practices such as enclosedequipment and vented to control.NoneMCS-07 - Application of All FeasibleMeasures.Propose to revise current rules oradopt new rules to implement new BARCT.See MCS-01 – Facility Modernization.Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 46TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresStationary Source Control Measures- Emission Growth Management2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In OtherRegional Air Quality Management PlansEvaluationEGM-01 – Emission Reductions from New orRedevelopment Projects.Propose to setthreshold standards for new and redevelopmentprojects. Projects that exceed the threshold willbe required to implement mitigation measures.Mitigation measures would be identified throughCEQA review process mitigation.Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP•IS-1: Construction Mitigation Rule.Propose to expand mitigation requirementsfrom the current CEQA mitigation & fees,which currently require to mitigate 100% ofemissions from the grading portion ofconstruction projects over 10 acres. Thegoal is to reduce off-road constructionemissions associated with new land usedevelopment of large commercial,industrial, retail, and residential projects•IS-2: Operational Indirect Source Rule.Propose to implement an operationalindirect source rule to reduce emissionsassociated with new land use developmentof large commercial, industrial, retail, andresidential projects after construction iscompleted.Note: San Joaquin Valley Rule 9510 –Indirect Source Reviewhas similarrequirements to EGM-01 (see Appendix IVA).SCAQMD’s proposal is similar toSacramento’s.EGM-02 – Emission Budget and Mitigationfor General Conformity Projects.Propose toset aside emission budgets to mitigate generalconformity projects. If mitigation measures arenot sufficient to offset emission increase, theBoard will decide if and how much mitigationfees would be needed to offset the residualemissions, and staff would use the moneycollected to invest in emission reduction projects.NoneFinal 2007 AQMPVI - 47TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control MeasuresSCAQMD’s Mobile Source Control MeasuresEGM-03 – Emissions Mitigation atFederally Permitted Projects.Propose torecommend U.S. EPA to adopt measures tomitigate emission increases or provide fundingfor AQMD to seek mitigation emissionreductions.NoneMOB-01 – Mitigation Fee Program forFederal Sources.Applicable to all federalsources (e.g. ships, trains, aircraft). Propose toask U.S. EPA to adopt/administer mitigationfee program and provide funding/grants for/AQMD to seek alternative emissionreductions, similar to Carl Moyer program.NoneMOB-02 – Extended Exchange Program.Propose to promote early retirement of smallOff-Road Mobile Sources (SORE) andRecreational Outboard Engines in exchangefor electric enginesthrough incentives.On-going projects at many DistrictsMOB-03 – Backstop Measures for IndirectSources of Emissions from Ports and PortRelated Facilities.Propose to set emissiontarget milestones and “backstop” measures forports to attain PM2.5 and ozone ambient airquality standards.NoneMOB-04 – Emission Reductions from CarlMoyer Program.Propose to take SIP creditsfor existing and new programs funded by CarlMoyer Program.NoneAppendix VI: Reasonably Available Control MeasuresVI - 48TABLE 4 (continued)Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other RegionalAir Quality Management PlansEvaluationMOB-05 – AB 923 Light-Duty VehicleHigh-Emitter Identification Program.Propose to identify high emitter vehicle usingremote sensing technologiesNoneMOB-06 – AB 923 Medium-Duty VehicleHigh-Emitter Identification Program.Propose to identify high emitter using remotesensing technologies.NoneMOB-07 – Concurrent Reductions fromGlobal Warming Strategies.Propose to seekconcurrent reductions from all combustionsources from global warming strategies.None