Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Data Series 731

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected 

Volatile Organic Compound Data, Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

By R.L. Huffman and L.M. Frans

Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Northwest

Data Series 731

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

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reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Huffman, R.L., and Frans, L.M., 2012, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data 

Series 731, 40 p.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................2

Sample Collection and Analysis..................................................................................................................6

Selected Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................................7

Geochemical Data ...............................................................................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compounds...............................................................................................................8

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations beneath the Phytoremediation 

Plantations.......................................................................................................................8

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer..........................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................8

References Cited............................................................................................................................................9

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2011 Geochemical 

Sampling ..........................................................................................................................................11

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington .......................................... 3

Figure 2. Map showing locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural

attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in groundwater

beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare

Center, Division Keyport, Washington ................................................... 4

Tables

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels at Operable Unit 1,

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2011 ............... 5

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2011 ........................... 13

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater

samples from monitoring wells and piezometers collected by the U.S.

Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,

Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011 ................................................ 30
iv

Conversion Factors and Datums

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2) 

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 

25 °C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
Abstract

Previous investigations indicate that concentrations of 

chlorinated volatile organic compounds are substantial in 

groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington. Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural 

attenuation processes was the preferred remedy selected by the 

U.S. Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site. 

The U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the 

landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the migration 

of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in shallow 

groundwater. The U.S. Geological Survey has continued to 

monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions 

remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified 

in the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data 

collected at Operable Unit 1 by the U.S. Geological Survey 

during June 20–22, 2011, in support of long-term monitoring 

for natural attenuation.

In 2011, groundwater samples were collected from 

13 wells and 9 piezometers. Samples from all wells and 

piezometers were analyzed for redox sensitive constituents 

and dissolved gases, and samples from 5 of 13 wells and 

all piezometers also were analyzed for chlorinated volatile 

organic compounds. Concentrations of redox sensitive 

constituents measured in 2011 were consistent with 

previous years, with dissolved oxygen concentrations all at 

0.4 milligram per liter or less; little to no detectable nitrate; 

abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and 

commonly detected sulfide.

The reductive declorination byproducts—methane, 

ethane, and ethene—were either not detected in samples 

collected from the upgradient wells in the landfill and 

the upper aquifer beneath the northern phytoremediation 

plantation or were detected at concentrations less than those 

measured in 2010. Chlorinated volatile organic compound 

concentrations in 2011 at most piezometers were similar to 

or slightly less than chlorinated volatile organic compound 

concentrations measured in previous years.

For the upper aquifer beneath the southern 

phytoremediation plantation, chlorinated volatile organic 

compound concentrations in 2011 in groundwater from the 

piezometers were extremely high and continued to vary 

considerably over space and between years. At piezometer 

P1-9, the total chlorinated volatile organic compound 

concentrations increased from 9,500 micrograms per liter 

in 2010 to more than 44,000 micrograms per liter in 2011. 

Total chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations 

decreased at piezometers P1-6, P1-7, and P1-10 compared 

to the concentrations measured in 2010. One or both of the 

reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were 

detected at all piezometers and three of the four wells in the 

southern plantation.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of redox 

sensitive constituents and chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in 2011 were consistent with concentrations 

measured in previous years, with the exception of notable 

decreases in sulfate and chloride concentrations at well 

MW1- 28. Concentrations of the reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene decreased at wells MW1-25 and 

MW1-28 compared to previously measured concentrations.

Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic 

Compound Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

By R.L. Huffman and L.M. Frans
2 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Introduction 

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) have 

migrated to ground water beneath a former 9-acre landfill at 

Operable Unit 1 (OU 1) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center 

(NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The NUWC is on a 

small peninsula in Kitsap County, Washington, in an extension 

of Puget Sound called Liberty Bay (fig. 1). The former landfill 

is on the narrow strip of land connecting the peninsula to the 

mainland and is adjacent to tidal flats that are an extension of 

Liberty and Dogfish Bays. The OU 1 landfill was constructed 

in a former marshland and was the primary disposal area for 

domestic and industrial waste generated by NUWC Division 

Keyport from the 1930s through 1973.

Groundwater beneath OU 1 is within a series of aquifers 

that are composed of permeable sand, gravel, or fill materials 

separated by finer grained silt or clay layers. Volatile organic 

compound (VOC) contamination at OU 1 is only in about 

the top 60 ft of the unconsolidated deposits in the four 

hydrogeologic units—the unsaturated zone, the upper aquifer, 

the middle confining unit, and the intermediate aquifer. 

Groundwater in the unconfined upper aquifer generally flows 

from the east to the west toward Dogfish Bay. Groundwater in 

the predominantly confined intermediate aquifer flows toward 

the landfill from the south and from the west, and then flows 

northwest beneath the landfill toward Dogfish Bay (Dinicola 

and others, 2002). Two perennial freshwater creeks drain the 

marsh adjacent to the landfill and discharge into the tide flats 

of Dogfish Bay.

CVOCs are in the upper and intermediate aquifers and 

in surface water at OU 1. The predominant contaminants in 

groundwater beneath OU 1 are the chloroethene compounds—

trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), 

and vinyl chloride (VC). Less predominant contaminants 

include tetrachloroethene (PCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethene 

(trans- DCE), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE); and the 

chloroethane compounds—1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), 

1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dichloroethane 

(1,2- DCA). A need for remedial action was identified because 

some of the contaminants present a potential risk to humans, 

primarily through drinking contaminated groundwater or 

through ingesting seafood harvested from contaminated 

surface water (URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). The U.S. Navy 

planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the landfill (fig. 2) in 

spring 1999 to remove and control the migration of CVOCs 

in shallow groundwater. The landfill between the plantations 

is covered with pavement, although the area north of the 

northern plantation is permeable.

The U.S. Navy began a cooperative effort with the 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1995 to evaluate the 

effectiveness of natural attenuation processes for removing 

and controlling the migration of CVOCs in groundwater at 

OU 1. Field and laboratory studies from 1996 through 2000 

demonstrated that biodegradation of CVOCs in shallow 

groundwater at OU 1 was substantial (URS Consultants, Inc., 

1997; Bradley and others, 1998; Dinicola and others, 2002). In 

1998, a remedy was developed for contaminated groundwater 

at OU 1 that includes phytoremediation and on-going natural 

attenuation processes to remove and control the migration 

of CVOCs in shallow groundwater (URS Consultants, Inc., 

1998). In 1999, the U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar 

plantations in two areas on the landfill where contaminant 

concentrations in groundwater were exceptionally high 

(fig. 2) (URS Greiner, Inc., 1999). The U.S. Navy regularly 

monitored contaminant concentrations in groundwater and 

surface water, along with tree health and water levels, to 

determine the effectiveness of phytoremediation (CH2M 

Hill Constructors, Inc., 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005). The USGS 

monitored geochemistry and contaminant concentrations in 

groundwater and surface water annually from 2001 through 

2011 to evaluate reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions and 

CVOC biodegradation.

This report presents groundwater geochemical and 

selected CVOC data collected by the USGS at OU 1 during 

June 20–22, 2011, in support of the long-term monitoring for 

natural attenuation. The USGS collected groundwater samples 

from 13 wells and 9 piezometers in 2011 (table 1 and fig. 2), 

and concentrations of various geochemical constituents used 

to determine redox conditions were determined in all samples. 

Concentrations of VOCs also were determined by the USGS 

in samples collected from the nine upper aquifer piezometers 

and five intermediate aquifer wells in 2011.
Introduction 3

Figure 1. Location of the study area near Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington.

tac12-0699_fig01

SR

308

BROWNSVILLE SR

303

HIGHWAY

37' 122°36'30"

T.

26

N.

T.

25

N.

122°38'20" 38' 37'30"

42'

30"

47°

42'

40"

42'

47°

41'

10"

41'

30"

R.1 E.

1,000 2,000 3,000 FEET

0 900 METERS

0

300 600

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

Location of figure 2

WASHINGTON

Seattle

Bremerton

Figure

location

L I B E R T Y B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

Pond

Marsh

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport
4 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Figure 2. Locations of data-collection sites used to monitor the natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington.

tac12-0699_fig02

Keys Road

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

Bradley Road

Shapely Road

SR

308

SR

303

Tide flats

Pond

Marsh

Landfill

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

(NUWC)

50 100 150 200 250 METERS

200

0

0 400 600 800 FEET

122°37'20"

T.

26

N.

R.1 E.

122°37'40" 30"

47°

42'

41'

50"

47°

41'

40"

MW1-22

MW1-30

PZ1-5

MW1-23

MW1-24

1MW-4

MW1-36

MW1-37

MW1-39

MW1-38

MW1-32

MW1-21

MW1-29

MW1-40

MW1-25

MW1-28

MW1-9

PZ1-2

PZ1-4

MW1-7

MW1-31

MW1-27 MW1-11

MW1-33

N-1

N-2 N-3

N-4

N-5

N-7 N-6

N-8

C-1

C-2

C-3

S-1

S-5

S-5B

S-4

S-4B

S-3

S-3B

S-2

S-2B

S-6

PZ1-3

1MW-5

MW22-7

MW1-19

MW1-18

MW22-6

MW1-3

MW1-17

1MW-1 MW1-15

MW1-2

PZ1-1

Private

Well 1

Private

Well 2

MW1-10

MW1-14

MW1-41

P1-1

P1-2

P1-3

MW1-6 MW1-35

MW22-5

MW3-5

MW22-1

MW1-20

MW22-2 MW1-8

P1-4

P1-5

P1-6

P1-7

P1-8

P1-9

P1-10

MW1-5

MW1-16

MW1-4

MW1-1

DB-14

TF19

MA09

MA11

MA10

MA-12

MA13

SW-S6

Passive-diffusion sampler

Data-collection sites—sampled

in June 2011 are black, 

not sampled are gray

Surface water 

EXPLANATION

NUWC, Division Keyport 

Former landfill

Phytoremediation plantation

Surface water

Approximate location of former

waste paint and solvent

disposal area

Monitoring well or

piezometer in upper aquifer

Monitoring well or piezometer

in intermediate aquifer

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)

P1-1

MW1-28

S-2

MA12
Introduction 5

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and groundwater levels at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 2011.

[Well or piezometer site No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer. USGS site No.: Unique number for each site based on latitude and longitude of the site. 

First six digits are latitude, next seven digits are longitude, and final two digits are a sequence number to uniquely identify each site. Altitudes of groundwater 

levels and measuring points are given in feet above or below (-) North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Water level is in feet below measuring point (bmp). 

Depth of well and screened interval are in feet below land surface. Altitude of measuring point: Water levels in wells are usually reported as depths below 

land surface, although the measuring point can be any convenient fixed place near the top of the well. For these wells and piezometers, the measuring points 

are marked points on the tops of well casings—they vary from being near the land surface to a few feet above land surface. The altitude of the measuring point 

is commonly recorded so that static water levels also can be reported as altitudes. Abbreviations: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; VOC, volatile organic 

compound; ft, foot; in., inch; –, not measured]

Well or 

piezometer 

site No.

USGS site No. Date and time 

measured

Groundwater 

level altitude 

(ft)

Groundater 

level 

(ft bmp)

Altitude of 

measuring 

point 

(ft)

Depth of 

well 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter

(in.)

Screened 

interval 

(ft)

VOCs 

sampled 

by USGS

1MW-1 474151122373201 06-20-11 1600 3.44 6.62 10.06 16.5 2 5.5–15.5 No

MW1-2 474153122373101 06-20-11 1410 2.46 9.43 11.89 18.5 4 12.5–17.5 No

MW1-3 474152122372501 06-20-11 1020 10.34 3.21 13.55 11.5 4 5.5–10.5 No

MW1-4 474145122372801 06-21-11 1130 5.61 6.59 12.20 13.0 4 7–12 No

MW1-5 474146122373201 06-21-11 1110 4.45 8.63 13.08 12.0 4 6–11 No

MW1-16 474146122372801 06-21-11 1250 5.56 7.27 12.83 12.0 2 6–11 No

MW1-17 474150122373201 06-20-11 1520 6.29 5.65 11.94 16.5 2 7.5–12.5 No

MW1-20 474145122372501 06-20-11 1000 6.76 3.68 10.44 16.0 2 10–15 No

MW1-25 474154122373201 06-22-11 1350 2.81 9.10 11.91 49.0 2 38–48 Yes

MW1-28 474153122373301 06-22-11 1430 –0.19 10.42 10.23 45.0 2 39–44 Yes

MW1-38 474156122373701 06-22-11 1520 1.43 8.40 9.83 59.0 2 44–49 Yes

MW1-39 474157122373701 06-22-11 1450 1.48 8.37 9.85 33.7 2 27.7–32.7 Yes

MW1-41 474152122372901 06-20-11 1320 7.22 7.99 15.21 15.0 2 5–15 Yes

P1-1 474153122372801 06-20-11 1450 5.34 9.02 14.36 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-3 474153122373102 06-20-11 1330 2.39 10.40 12.79 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-4 474152122373101 06-20-11 1000 4.04 8.51 12.55 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-5 474152122372801 06-20-11 1130 5.50 9.56 15.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-6 474146122373001 06-21-11 1250 5.39 7.37 12.76 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-7 474145122373101 06-21-11 1330 5.28 6.84 12.12 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-8 474147122372801 06-21-11 1020 6.11 5.95 12.06 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-9 474145122372901 06-21-11 1230 5.50 6.41 11.91 15.0 1 10–15 Yes

P1-10 474145122372601 06-21-11 1025 6.58 5.28 11.86 15.0 1 10–15 Yes
6 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Sample Collection and Analysis

Water-level measurements and sample collection, 

processing, and field analyses during 2011 were in accordance 

with applicable USGS procedures as described in the National 

Field Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). 

Redox-sensitive analyte measurements and concentrations that 

were determined for samples from 13 wells and 9 piezometers 

included dissolved hydrogen (H2), dissolved oxygen (DO), 

filtered organic carbon (referred to as dissolved organic 

carbon, DOC), filtered nitrate plus nitrite, filtered manganese, 

filtered ferrous iron (iron (II)), filtered sulfate, unfiltered 

sulfide, dissolved methane, dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, 

specific conductance, and filtered chloride. Concentrations 

of CVOCs were determined for samples from 5 of the 13 

wells and from all 9 piezometers. Complete VOC analytical 

results (including data qualifiers) are available from the USGS 

National Water Information System (U.S. Geological Survey, 

2012). Concentrations of dissolved gases ethane, ethene, and 

methane also were determined for samples from all 13 wells 

and 9 piezometers.

After measuring depth to water, all well and piezometer 

samples were collected with a peristaltic pump and single-use 

polyethylene tubing. Samples were collected after about three 

casing-volumes of water were purged from the wells and after 

allowing field measurements of pH, specific conductance, and 

DO to stabilize to within 0.1 unit, 3 percent, and 0.3 mg/L, 

respectively. Field measurements were monitored using a 

flow-through chamber and a Yellow Springs Instruments 

(YSI®) 600XLM or 6920 V2 data sonde. The sonde was 

calibrated prior to use as described in the National Field 

Manual (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, chaps. A6 

and A8). The specific conductance sensor was calibrated daily 

with standard reference solutions (1,000 μS/cm and checked 

with solutions ranging from 250 to 750 μS/cm); the pH sensor 

was calibrated daily with two pH standards (7 and 10 and 

checked against pH 4 buffer solution); and the DO sensor 

was calibrated daily using the air-saturated water method 

and occasionally verified with zero-DO solution. Dissolvedoxygen analyses were confirmed for most samples using 0 

to 1 mg/L CHEMets Rhodazine- D® colorimetric vacuum 

ampoules (manufactured by CHEMetrics®, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia).

Concentrations of iron (II) were measured in field 

samples filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter using a 

colorimetric 1,10-phenanthroline indicator method and a Hach 

Model 2010 spectrophotometer following Hach Method 8146 

(Hach Company, 1998; adapted from American Public Health 

Association, 1980). Sulfide concentrations were measured in 

the field with a colorimetric methylene-blue indicator method 

immediately after collection by spectrophotometer, according 

to Hach Method 8131 (Hach Company, 1998; procedure is 

equivalent to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 

376.2 [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983]). 

Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured 

in the field using Titret®-Sodium hydroxide titrant with a pH 

indicator (manufactured by CHEMetrics®, Inc., Calverton, 

Virginia).

Samples for analysis of dissolved H2 in ground water 

were collected after at least 30 minutes of stripping using the 

bubble-strip method of Chapelle and others (1997) and sent 

to Microseeps©, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In previous 

years, samples for H2 in groundwater were collected using 

the similar bubble-strip method, and concentrations were 

measured in the field using a reduction gas analyzer (Trace 

Analytical model E-001) (Dinicola and Huffman, 2012). The 

advantage of the field method was that samples were collected 

and analyzed at about 5-minute intervals, after the initial 20 

minutes of stripping, until consecutive H2 concentrations 

stabilized to within 10 percent, a process that often required 

1 hour or more. Because of aging equipment and lack of 

personnel to run the analyzer, a decision was made to ship the 

samples to Microseeps©, Inc., where only one sample per site 

was analyzed. This one sample may not be representative of 

the dissolved H2 within the sample because it is undetermined 

if there was enough equilibration time within the bubble to 

account for proper stripping of dissolved gases. 

Samples for analysis of nitrate plus nitrite, sulfate, and 

chloride concentrations were filtered through a 0.45- μm 

membrane filter into polyethylene bottles, chilled, and sent 

to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) 

in Lakewood, Colorado. Chloride and sulfate were analyzed 

using ion chromatography as described by Fishman 

and Friedman (1989). Nitrate plus nitrite were analyzed 

colorimetrically by cadmium reduction and diazotization as 

described by Fishman (1993). The results for the nitrate plus 

nitrite analyses are referred to simply as “nitrate” in this report 

because nitrite was not detected at the site (Dinicola and 

others, 2002). Samples for analysis of manganese were filtered 

into an acid-rinsed bottle, acidified in the field with nitric 

acid to a pH of less than 2 and then shipped to the NWQL 

for analysis by inductively coupled plasma as described by 

Fishman (1993). 

Samples for DOC analysis were filtered through a 

0.45- μm filter into amber glass bottles, acidified in the 

field with sulfuric acid to a pH of less than 2, chilled to 

less than 4°C, and shipped to the NWQL. Organic carbon 

concentrations were determined using persulfate oxidation as 

described by Brenton and Arnett (1993).

Samples for VOC analysis were collected in pre- acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to the NWQL 

for subsequent analysis using purge and trap capillarycolumn gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as described 

by Connor and others (1998). Samples for analysis of 

ethane, ethene, and methane were collected in pre-acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to Test 

America Laboratories in Denver, Colorado, for subsequent 

analysis using gas chromatography with a flame-ionization 

detector according to USEPA Method RSK SOP-175 (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1994; Kampbell and 

Vandegrift, 1998).
Selected Monitoring Data 7

Quality assurance and control of geochemical and 

contaminant sampling included collecting two duplicate 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and VOCs, and 

analyzing a field blank sample for VOCs and redox-sensitive 

analytes. No substantial quality issues were identified in 

those samples (appendix A). Three duplicate samples for H2

concentrations were collected—two were split samples from 

the same gas bubble allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes and 

one duplicate sample was from a separate gas bubble allowed 

to equilibrate for 30 minutes.

The different analytical techniques used to determine 

concentrations of dissolved H2 between this year (laboratory 

samples) and previous years (field samples) did not achieve 

similar results. The substantial difference in dissolved H2—

ranging from 2 to 20 times greater concentrations in 2011 than 

in 2010 (table 2, at back of report) and previous years—is a 

concern; however, it is unknown whether this difference is 

because of different analytical techniques. The 2011 H2 data 

are outliers and do not accurately reflect the H2 concentrations 

in groundwater beneath the landfill. Therefore, the 2011 data 

are currently qualified as rejected until the differences between 

the two analytical techniques have been further investigated. 

The H2 data are further summarized in section, “Quality 

Assurance” in appendix A. 

Selected Monitoring Data

The groundwater chemistry data are grouped with regard 

to aquifer and location of the well or piezometer. Upgradient 

sites are the two upper aquifer wells (MW1-3 and MW1-20) 

located east of the former landfill. The former upgradient 

intermediate aquifer well (MW1-33) located south of the 

landfill was decommissioned and can no longer be sampled. 

Northern plantation sites are all in the upper aquifer and 

include four wells (1MW-1, MW1-2, MW1‐17, and MW1- 41) 

and four piezometers (P1-1, P1-3, P1-4, and P1-5) in or near 

the northern phytoremediation plantation; piezometer P1-2 

generally is dry during June and has never been sampled. 

Southern plantation sites also are all in the upper aquifer and 

include three wells (MW1-4, MW1–5, and MW1-16) and five 

piezometers (P1-6, P1-7, P1-8, P1-9, and P1-10) in or near the 

southern phytoremediation plantation. Intermediate aquifer 

sites include four wells (MW1-25, MW1-28, MW1- 38, 

and MW1-39) that are downgradient of the landfill; no 

intermediate aquifer wells are in the footprint of the former 

landfill.

Geochemical Data 

Geochemical data collected by the USGS from 

piezometers and selected wells at OU 1 from 1996 to 2011 are 

shown in table 2. Historical geochemical data for wells not 

sampled in 2011 are not included in table 2, but are available 

in Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006) and Dinicola and Huffman 

(2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012). Overall, concentrations of 

oxidation-reduction (redox) sensitive constituents measured 

in 2011 were consistent with previous years, with dissolvedoxygen concentrations all at 0.4 mg/L or less; little to no 

detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and 

methane; and commonly detected sulfide.

Concentrations of reduced geochemicals (manganese, 

iron, sulfide, and methane) in the upgradient wells 

(MW1-3 and MW1-20) in 2011 were within the range 

of concentrations measured (0.1–0.2 mg/L) in previous 

years. The well upgradient from the northern plantation 

(MW1-3) continued to be characterized by low dissolvedoxygen concentrations (0.1 mg/L) and measureable nitrate 

concentrations (0.64 mg/L). The well upgradient from 

the southern plantation (MW1-20) continued to have low 

dissolved-oxygen concentrations (0.3 mg/L) and measurable 

dissolved manganese (0.13 mg/L) and iron (II) concentrations 

(0.01 mg/L).

Concentrations of geochemicals in the upper aquifer 

beneath the northern plantation in 2011 were consistent 

with concentrations measured in previous years, although 

some concentrations were slightly higher or lower than 

the range of concentrations measured in previous years. 

Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were 0.4 mg/L or less, and 

concentrations of manganese, iron, and methane were greater 

than those concentrations in upgradient groundwater. DOC 

concentrations ranged from 6.5 (well MW1-2) to 19 mg/L 

(well MW1-41 and piezometer P1-3), and were similar to 

concentrations measured in 2010. Methane concentrations 

ranged from 0.58 (well MW1-2) to 12 mg/L (piezometer 

P1-1), and were lower than concentrations measured in 

2010. Concentrations of geochemicals in the upper aquifer 

beneath the southern plantation in 2011 also were consistent 

with concentrations measured in previous years, again 

with some concentrations slightly higher or lower than 

the range of concentrations measured in previous years. 

Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were 0.3 mg/L or less, 

DOC ranged from 2.2 (piezometer P1-6) to 16 mg/L (well 

MW1-16), and concentrations generally were greater than 

those concentrations in upgradient groundwater. Methane 

concentrations ranged from 1.0 (piezometer P1-6) to 6.4 mg/L 

(piezometer P1-8). These concentrations were lower than 

those of the northern plantation and commonly were less than 

concentrations measured 2010.

For the intermediate aquifer, concentrations of 

redox-sensitive constituents in 2011 were consistent with 

concentrations measured in previous years. One notable 

difference was that filtered chloride and sulfate concentrations 

at well MW1-28 (78 and 5.8 mg/L, respectively) were 

substantially lower in 2011 than in previous years. Dissolvedoxygen concentrations in all intermediate aquifer wells 

downgradient of the landfill were less than 0.3 mg/L, and 

DOC concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 7.2 mg/L. Methane 

concentrations in these wells ranged from 0.85 to 2.6 mg/L 

and were highest in well MW1-25.
8 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs and dissolved ethane and ethene data collected 

from piezometers and selected intermediate aquifer wells 

at OU 1 from June 1999 to June 2011 are shown in table 3

(at back of report). Chemical concentrations are reported as 

less than the reporting level for samples in which the analyte 

was neither identified nor detected at concentrations equal to 

or greater than the reporting level. Historical VOC data for 

wells not sampled in 2011 and for dates before 1999 are not 

included in table 3. Complete analytical results for the USGS 

data for 2011 and previous years are available from the USGS 

National Water Information System web site (U.S. Geological 

Survey, 2012; or Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 

2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 

2009, 2012), and Huffman and Dinicola (2011). Complete 

analytical results for the complimentary U.S. Navy VOC data 

from 1995 through 2011 are available in U.S. Navy (2012). 

The total CVOC concentrations calculated for each sample 

is the sum of concentrations of CVOCs that were positively 

detected; concentrations reported as “less than” values were 

not included in the total. 

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations 

beneath the Phytoremediation Plantations

In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2011, 

CVOC concentrations at most wells and piezometers were 

similar or slightly less than concentrations of CVOCs 

measured in previous years. In 2011, CVOCs were detected 

only in samples from piezometer P1-4. Total CVOC 

concentrations at piezometer P1-4 continue to be higher 

than concentrations measured in all other piezometers in 

the northern plantation, but were slightly lower in 2011 

compared to previous years. Vinyl chloride concentrations 

were the lowest to date, measuring 192 μg/L. In all wells 

and piezometers sampled, the concentrations of the reductive 

dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene in 2011 were 

slightly lower or the same as concentrations measured in 2010 

, ranging from less than 5.0 to 50 μg/L.

For the southern plantation in 2011, CVOC 

concentrations measured in most wells and piezometers 

continued to be extremely high and variable from year to year. 

In 2011, total CVOC concentrations ranged from not detected 

to as high a 44,000 μg/L, and concentrations increased in 

two of the five piezometers (P1-8 and P1-9). Concentrations 

at P1-8 increased by a factor of thirty to 9,900 μg/L 2011, a 

sharp contrast to the relatively low concentrations observed 

from 2003 to 2010. At piezometer P1-9, the total CVOC 

concentration increased from 9,500 μg/L in 2010 to 44,000 

μg/L in 2011. Total CVOC concentrations decreased by 69 

percent in piezometers P1-6 and P1-10 from 2010 to 2011. 

At piezometer P1-7, the total CVOC concentration decreased 

by 35 percent in 2011 compared to 2010 (28,000 and 42,300 

μg/L, respectively). Since data collection began in 1999, the 

total CVOC concentrations in samples from piezometers P1-7 

and P1-9 remain high and have been the highest measured in 

all wells in the southern and northern plantations. In 2011, 

one or both of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane 

and ethene were detected in three of the four wells and all 

piezometers in the southern plantation. 

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in the 

Intermediate Aquifer

For the intermediate aquifer in 2011, total CVOC 

concentrations in wells MW1-25 and MW1-28 were consistent 

with previous years, with vinyl chloride concentrations 

remaining relatively high in both wells (150 and 590 μg/L, 

respectively). At well MW1-39, farthest downgradient in 

the intermediate aquifer, low concentrations of cis-DCE 

and VC were detected (0.6 and 1.8 μg/L, respectively), 

similar to concentrations measured in previous years. The 

sum of estimated concentrations of reductive dechlorination 

byproducts ethane and ethene decreased in 2011 at wells 

MW1-25 and MW1-28 to 11 and 20 μg/L, respectively. 

Concentrations of ethane and ethene were not detected farther 

downgradient in the intermediate aquifer at wells MW1-38 

and MW1-39.

Summary

Previous investigations report that natural attenuation 

and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) are substantial in groundwater beneath 

the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1), Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. 

Phytoremediation combined with ongoing natural attenuation 

processes was the preferred remedy selected by the U.S. 

Navy, as specified in the Record of Decision for the site, 

and the U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations 

on the landfill in spring 1999 to remove and to control the 

migration of chlorinated VOCs in shallow groundwater. The 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor 

groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain 

favorable for contaminant biodegradation as specified in 

the Record of Decision. This report presents groundwater 

geochemical and selected VOC data collected at OU 1 by 

the USGS during June 20–22, 2011, in support of long-term 

monitoring for natural attenuation.

In the upper aquifer beneath the northern plantation, 

concentrations of manganese, iron, and methane were higher 

than concentrations in upgradient groundwater and were 

relatively high in comparison to concentrations in samples 

from the southern plantation and the intermediate aquifer. 

Anoxic conditions existed in all wells and piezometers, which 

is consistent with samples from previous years. Dissolved 

organic carbon concentrations ranged from 6.5 (well MW1-2) 

to 19 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (piezometer P1-3 and well 

MW1-41). Methane concentrations ranged from 0.58 (well 

MW1-2) to 12 mg/L (piezometer P1-1).
References Cited 9

For the southern plantation in 2011, chlorinated VOC 

concentrations measured in piezometers were often extremely 

high and varied widely spatially and temporally. At piezometer 

P1-9, the total chlorinated VOC concentration in samples 

increased from 9,500 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in 2010 to 

44,000 μg/L in 2011. Total chlorinated VOC concentrations 

increased by a factor of 30 in piezometer P1-8, but decreased 

as much as 69 percent in piezometers P1-6 and P1-10. 

Methane concentrations ranged from 1.0 (piezometer P1-6) 

to 6.4 mg/L (piezometer P1-8) and commonly were less than 

concentrations measured at northern plantation wells and 

piezometers. 

Methane concentrations at most upper aquifer wells 

and piezometers beneath the landfill have been consistently 

higher than those measured in upgradient wells and organic 

carbon concentrations were similar to those measured in 2010. 

All intermediate aquifer wells downgradient of the landfill 

have been consistently anoxic. Methane concentrations in 

these wells ranged from 0.85 to 2.6 mg/L and were highest 

in well MW1-25. Total chlorinated VOC concentrations in 

wells MW1-25, MW1-28, and MW1-39 were consistent 

with previous years, with vinyl chloride concentrations 

remaining high with 150 μg/L at MW1-25 and 590 μg/L at 

MW-28. No detectable concentrations of chlorinated volatile 

organic compounds were measured at well MW1-38, farthest 

downgradient in the intermediate aquifer.

References Cited

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for the examination of water and wastewater (15th ed.): 

Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association.

Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998, 

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C] dichloroethene under 

Mn(IV)-reducing conditions: Applied and Environmental 

Microbiology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1560–1562.

Brenton, R.W., and Arnett, T.L., 1993, Methods of analysis 

by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality 

Laboratory—Determination of dissolved organic carbon 

by UV-promoted persulfate oxidation and infrared 

spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

92–480, 12 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr92480.)

Chapelle, F.H., Vroblesky, D.A., Woodward, J.C., and 

Lovely, D.R., 1997, Practical considerations for measuring 

hydrogen concentrations in groundwater: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2,873–2,877.

CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc., 2002, 2001 annual report—

Operable Unit 1, Area 1, former base landfill, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport, Washington: 

Prepared under Contract Task Order 0062 for Engineering 

Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities Engineering 

Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc., 2003, 2002 annual report—

Operable Unit 1, Area 1, former base landfill, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport, Washington: 

Prepared under Contract Task Order 0062 for Engineering 

Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities Engineering 

Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

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Operable Unit 1, Area 1, former base landfill, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport, Washington: 

Prepared under Contract Task Order 0062 for Engineering 

Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities Engineering 

Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc., 2005, Draft 2004 annual 

report—Operable Unit 1, Area 1, former base landfill, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport, Washington: 

Prepared under Contract Task Order 0062 for Engineering 

Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities Engineering 

Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

Connor, B.F., Rose, D.L, Noriega, L.M, and Abney, S.R., 

1998, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey 

National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination 

of 86 volatile organic compounds in water by gas 

chromatography-mass spectrometry, including detections 

less than reporting limits: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 97–829, 78 p. (Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr97829.)

Dinicola, R.S., 2003, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2003–344, 17 p. (Also available at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03344.)

Dinicola, R.S., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2002: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2004–1203, 19 p. (Also available 

at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20041203.)

Dinicola, R.S., 2006, Continued biodegradation of chlorethene 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 

2006–5056, 42 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/sir20065056.)

Dinicola, R.S., Cox, S.E., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 

2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Weapons Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 2002–4119, 116 p. (Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/wri024119.)
10 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2004, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2004–1330, 19 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20041330.)

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2006–1374, 28 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20061374.)

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2007, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2007–1430, 30 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20071430.)

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2009, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

2007 and 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2009–1141, 42 p. (Also available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/

publication/ofr20091141.)

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2012, Biodegradation 

of cholorethene compounds in groundwater at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington, 1999–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2012–5013, 56 p. (Also available at 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20125013.)

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—

Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in 

water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 93–125, 217 p. (Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr93125.)

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for 

determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial 

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p. (Also 

available at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/twri05A1.)

Hach Company, 1998, DR/2010 Spectrophotometer 

Procedures Manual: Loveland, Colo., Hach Company.

Huffman, R.L., and Dinicola, R.S., 2011, Groundwater 

geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, June 2009: U.S. Geological Survey 

Data Series Report 644, 38 p. (Also available at http://pubs.

er.usgs.gov/publication/ds644.)

Kampbell, D.H., and Vandergrift, S.A., 1998, Analysis 

of dissolved methane, ethane, ethenes, and propanes: 

Environmental Science and Technology, v. 23. no. 8, p. 

965–969.

URS Consultants, Inc.,1997, Final summary data assessment 

report for Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS 

Consultants, Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task Order 

0189 for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval 

Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 3 

volumes.

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Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Consultants, 

Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

111p.

URS Greiner, Inc., 1999, Phytoremediation closure report 

for Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Greiner, 

Inc., Seattle, Wash., under Contract Task Order 0189 for 

Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash.

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chemical analysis of water and wastes—Office of Research 

chemical analysis of water and wastes: Washington, D.C., 

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020, 552 p.

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175 rev. no. 2, Sample preparations and calculations 

for dissolved gas analysis in water samples using a GC 

headspace equilibration technique: U.S. Environmental 

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Washington: National Water Information System web 

interface, accessed September 10, 2012, at http://nwis.

waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/qwdat.

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for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 

9, chaps. A1–A9, accessed September 10, 2012, at http://

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report, Area 1Operable Unit 1, Naval Base Kitsap Keyport, 

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Task Order 30.
Appendix A 11

Quality assurance and control of geochemical sampling 

included collecting duplicate and field blank samples for 

selected redox-sensitive analytes and volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs). The field blank was collected by 

pumping inorganic blank water and VOC-free water through 

clean tubing to determine possible sampling contamination. 

Complete laboratory quality assurance and control data from 

Test America Laboratories are on file with the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) Washington Water Science Center in Tacoma, 

Washington. 

Duplicate sample results compared favorably for all 

constituents, with the exception of dissolved hydrogen 

(table A1). A duplicate sample was collected and analyzed 

by the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) for 

chlorinated VOCs, organic carbon, manganese, nitrate plus 

nitrite, sulfate and chloride for wells MW1-38 and MW1-41. 

The relative percent difference of duplicate results for these 

constituents agreed within 5.8 percent. Duplicate samples were 

collected and analyzed for VOCs by the NWQL and dissolved 

gases (ethane and ethene) by Test America Laboratories at 

wells MW1-38 and MW-41. No detectable concentrations of 

chlorinated volatile organic compounds or dissolved gasses 

were in the environmental or duplicate samples. 

Duplicate samples for dissolved H2 were collected at 

wells MW1-25, MW1-38, and MW1-39, and were analyzed 

by Microseeps©, Inc. At wells MW1-38 and MW1-39, 

duplicate split samples were collected from the same gas 

bubbles that had been allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes. 

The relative percent difference for these concentrations ranged 

from 11 to 21 percent. At well MW1-25, a sequential duplicate 

sample was collected from a separate gas bubble that had been 

allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes, with a relative percent 

difference of 58 percent. The high relative percent difference 

of these duplicate samples, as well as concentrations of 

H2 from environmental samples in 2011, were 2 to 20 

times greater than concentrations measured in 2010—are 

an anomaly (table 2). It is not known if the resulting H2

concentrations are outliers due to different sampling and 

analysis techniques used in 2011 versus previous years, or if 

the large differences in H2 concentrations in 2011 represent 

H2 conditions in groundwater. Although the same sampling 

technique was used (bubble strip), the apparatus supplied by 

the analyzing laboratory was smaller than that used in previous 

years. Presumably a smaller volume would assume faster 

equilibration and stripping of gases into the bubble. However, 

only one volume of gas sample was taken for analysis, so full 

equilibration of stripped gases into the forming gas bubble 

was not confirmed as it had been with the sampling techniques 

used in previous years. Thus, the H2 concentration for 2011 

will be qualified as rejected, until the differences between 

the two sampling and analysis techniques of the USGS field 

instrument and the Microseeps©, Inc. laboratory can be 

further investigated. For the 2012 annual sampling, the USGS 

will analyze H2 in the field and collect a subset of samples 

using the Microseeps© sampling apparatus and laboratory to 

determine if the resulting data are comparable.

Filtered chloride was detected at an estimated 

concentrations of 0.11 mg/L in the blank sample collected 

at piezometer P1-8, which is small compared to filtered 

chloride concentrations in environmental samples that were 

measured at 3.4 mg/L or higher. Chloroethenes, chloroethanes, 

and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) 

compounds were not detected in the field blank sample. No 

changes were made to the dataset based on these quality 

control data.

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2011 

Geochemical Sampling
12 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Table A1. Quality assurance data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, 2011.

[Well or piezometer No.: D denotes duplicate sample; FB denotes field blank sample. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, 

tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; TCA, 

1,1,-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbezene, and xylene; CVOCs, sum 

of all chloroethenes and chloroethane concentrations shown in table. Abbreviations: mg/L, micrograms per liter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; ND, 

not detected. Symbols: <, actual value is less than the value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(μg/L)

MW1-25 06-22-11 – – – – – – – – – –

MW1-25D 06-22-11 – – – – – – – – – –

MW1-38 06-22-11 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <5.0 <5.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MW1-38D 06-22-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0 <.1 <.1 <.1

MW1-39 06-22-11 – – – – – – – – – –

MW1-39D 06-22-11 – – – – – – – – – –

MW1-41 06-20-11 <.1 <.1 .2 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0 <.1 <.1 <.1

MW1D 06-20-11 <.1 <.1 .2 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0 <.1 <.1 <.1

P1-5FB 06-20-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0 <.1 <.1 <.1

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date

sampled

Total

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Filtered 

(dissolved)

organic 

carbon

(mg/L)

Filtered 

NO2

 + NO3

(mg/L

as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

BTEX

(μg/L)

CVOCs

(μg/L)

MW1-25 06-22-11 – – 1.2 7.2 <0.02 0.14 7.2 2.6 127

MW1-25D 06-22-11 – – 1.9 – – – – – –

MW1-38 06-22-11 ND ND 1.8 5.1 <.02 .05 1.6 0.85 198

MW1-38D 06-22-11 ND ND 1.6 5.1 <.02 .05 1.6 .9 197

MW1-39 06-22-11 – – 2.4 2.1 <.02 .01 <.09 2.3 60.7

MW1-39D 06-22-11 – – 1.9 – – – – – –

MW1-41 06-20-11 0.3 0.2 1.2 19 <.02 3.7 <.09 11 13

MW1-41D 06-20-11 .3 .2 – 18 <.02 3.6 <.09 11 13

P1-5FB 06-20-11 ND ND – <.1 <.02 <.2 <.09 E.002 <.06
Table 2 13

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 0.8 0.4 – – – 0.07 <0.01 –

06-20-00 .2 .3 2.0 – 0.99 .08 <.01 13

06-12-01 – 4.0 2.3 1.1 1.1 .04 .02 14

06-10-02 2.7 .4 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 11

06-17-03 – 4.3 – 1.7 1.8 .09 .05 12

06-15-04 .2 .2 – 1.6 – .09 <.01 12

06-20-05 <.1 .1 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 15

06-12-06 <.1 .1 – 1.4 1.6 .11 <.01 14

06-18-07 – .6 – 1.8 1.1 .09 <.01 16

06-16-08 – .6 – 2.0 1.1 .10 <.01 18

06-15-09 <.1 .2 – 1.6 1.0 .12 .01 19

06-14-10 .2 .5 – 1.5 .92 .14 .01 17

06-20-11 1.4R .1 – 2.5 .64 .18 .01 17

MW1-20 06-08-99 .9 .3 – – – .35 .03 –

06-21-00 .4 <.1 2.2 – <.05 .24 .11 16

06-13-01 2.1 .2 3.0 1.4 <.05 .28 .01 20

06-12-02 >100R .1 – 1.4 <.05 .16 .01 17

06-17-03 .5 .2 – 1.7 <.06 .24 .05 18

06-15-04 .1 .9 – 1.6 – .23 .03 18

06-20-05 .1 .4 – 1.5 <.06 .25 .21 16

06-13-06 .1 .1 – 1.7 <.06 .21 .08 16

06-18-07 – .2 – 1.8 <.06 .21 .34 14

06-18-08 – 3.4 – 1.5 <.04 .19 .06 19

06-15-09 .1 .3 – 1.6 <.04 .19 .16 13

06-14-10 .3 .5 – 1.3 E.02 .06 .05 18

06-20-11 1.6R .3 – 1.6 <.02 .13 .01 13
14 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 <0.01 – – 81 6.0 202 – –

06-20-00 <.01 0.02 – 82 5.9 205 180 8.4

06-12-01 <.01 .12 – 90 6.1 203 220 10

06-10-02 <.01 .06 140 80 5.8 182 400 9.7

06-17-03 – .02 80 – 6.0 199 200 10

06-15-04 <.01 .01 – 73 5.7 205 195 9.1

06-20-05 <.01 – <50 – 6.0 192 – 7.5

06-12-06 <.01 .004 40 – 5.5 243 136 7.0

06-18-07 .01 – 41 – 5.9 209 – 5.9

06-16-08 <.01 – 80 – 6.0 198 260 5.1

06-15-09 .01 .01 80 – 6.0 208 206 7.3

06-14-10 <.01 E.004 70 – 5.9 200 – 5.6

06-20-11 <.01 E.003 80 – 5.8 238 – 16

MW1-20 06-08-99 <.01 – – 260 6.7 546 – –

06-21-00 <.01 .01 – 240 6.8 530 79 14

06-13-01 <.01 .27 – 260 6.4 544 250 33

06-12-02 <.01 .06 97 250 7.0 701 180 29

06-17-03 – .09 90 – 6.3 491 290 32

06-15-04 <.01 .03 – 260 6.4 552 98 35

06-20-05 <.01 – 80 – 6.3 520 87 28

06-13-06 <.01 .03 60 – 6.3 574 70 31

06-18-07 <.01 – 40 – 6.8 508 7.2 25

06-18-08 – – 70 – 6.6 517 74 38

06-15-09 <.01 .05 45 – 6.5 481 – 24

06-14-10 <.01 .03 35 – 6.9 580 – 43

06-20-11 <.01 .02 60 – 6.5 426 – 27

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 15

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 0.4 2.8R 7.0 – <0.02 0.18 0.24 7.5

04-16-97 .8 .4 – – .11 – 8.0 1.4

03-05-98 .2 .1 8.3 – – .39 12 –

10-09-98 .2 .5 – – – .08 .39 –

06-21-00 .1 .5 12 – <.05 .96 13 .9

06-11-01 .6 .7 13 12 <.05 .24 2.9 2.2

06-10-02 .4 .2 – 14 <.05 .37 7.3 1.7

06-17-03 .1 .1 – 10 <.06 .17 1.2 2.2

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 7.7 – .09 .38 2.0

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 9.5 <.06 .12 1.8 1.7

06-12-06 <.1 .2 – 8.5 <.06 .12 .8 1.9

06-19-07 .3 .1 – 6.8 E.05 1.3 .72 6.4

06-17-08 .2 .2 – 9.6 <.04 .13 1.4 1.3

06-15-09 <.1 .3 – 7.1 <.04 .10 .55 1.4

06-14-10 .2 .9 7.5 <.04 .10 .71 .70

06-20-11 1.1R .3 – 7.7 <.02 .08 .06 .79

MW1-2 09-17-96 .5 2.4R 6.0 – <.02 .05 .23 4.6

04-16-97 .7 .2 – – <.02 – .13 4.6

03-02-98 .3 – – – – – .16 –

10-07-98 .1 .1 – – – .05 .14 –

06-09-99 .9 .2 – – – .08 .09 –

06-21-00 .3 .1 6.0 – <.05 .06 .10 4.3

06-12-01 3.5 .3 5.3 5.0 <.05 .08 .29 5.4

06-11-02 >20R .1 – 45 <.05 .09 .27 4.2

06-18-03 .2 .1 – 6.0 <.06 .10 .29 4.3

06-17-04 .2 .2 – 6.7 – .10 1.0 4.3

06-22-05 <.1 <.1 – 20 <.06 .10 .44 4.4

06-12-06 .1 .1 – 5.9 <.06 .10 .76 3.7

06-19-07 .2 <.1 – 6.0 <.06 .11 .84 3.8

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 6.3 <.04 .11 .64 3.4

06-15-09 <.1 .3 – 6.3 <.04 .12 1.2 3.6

06-14-10 .1 <.1 – 5.9 <.04 .11 – 3.5

06-20-11 2R .1 – 6.5 <.02 .12 .82 3.2

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
16 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern Plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 <0.01 10 – 640 7.9 – – 43

04-16-97 .01 29 – 1,100 7.2 – – –

03-05-98 .06 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 .01 – – 660 7.7 1,080 – –

06-21-00 <.01 .39 – 590 7.0 1,070 -92 44

06-11-01 <.01 5.6 – 550 7.1 974 -110 50

06-10-02 <.01 14 77 520 7.7 835 -160 54

06-17-03 <.01 7.1 50 – 7.3 847 – 54

06-16-04 .03 1.8 18 – 7.0 843 -184 57

06-21-05 .02 – 20 – 7.1 827 -108 48

06-12-06 .01 3.4 10 – 7.4 787 -134 48

06-19-07 .04 1.7 18 – 7.3 753 -164 7.7

06-17-08 .01 5.4 11 – 7.4 737 – 40

06-15-09 .02 7.2 10 – 7.4 676 -162 44

06-14-10 .02 7.2 30 – 7.0 590 – 28

06-20-11 .02 5.3 22 – 7.3 569 – 34

MW1-2 09-17-96 <.01 1.2 – 510 6.9 – – 50

04-16-97 <.01 2.5 – 1,100 6.7 – – –

03-02-98 – – – – – – – –

10-07-98 <.01 – – 300 6.7 868 – –

06-09-99 <.01 – – 490 6.8 901 – –

06-21-00 <.01 .04 – 460 6.8 870 37 36

06-12-01 <.01 .78 – 470 6.5 853 27 48

06-11-02 <.01 .92 200 500 6.6 829 200 37

06-18-03 <.01 .98 160 – 6.4 870 62 41

06-17-04 – .33 50 – 6.6 858 – 40

06-22-05 <.01 – 75 – 6.3 720 -14 35

06-12-06 <.01 .50 115 – 6.5 815 -47 34

06-19-07 <.01 .26 45 – 6.4 820 -50 30

06-17-08 <.01 .43 40 – 6.6 797 – 26

06-15-09 .01 .77 45 – 6.6 814 -.4 30

06-14-10 <.01 .73 70 – 6.5 805 – 27

06-20-11 <.01 .58 100 – 6.4 742 – 25

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 17

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer Northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96 0.7 <0.1 23 – <0.02 1.3 62 4.3

04-16-97 .6 <.1 – – <.02 – 37 68

10-09-98 – <.1 – – – .80 56 –

06-22-00 1.2 <.1 11 – – 1.2 68 –

06-12-01 2.0–2.7 .4 9.2 8.0 <.05 1.2 48 12

06-17-04 2.5 <.1 – 7.5 – .68 >10 18

06-20-05 1.5 <.1 – 6.1 <.06 .43 27 7.8

06-20-07 1.0 <.1 – 8.1 <.06 .40 22 11

06-18-08 1.1 <.1 – 6.1 <.04 .33 17 7.3

06-15-09 .9 <.1 – 6.0 <.04 .49 8.5 8.1

06-14-10 .9 – – 5.4 <.04 .49 20 6.9

06-20-11 2.1R .3 – 7.7 <.02 .73 23 3.1

MW1-41 06-09-99 1.0 .3 – – – 2.2 60 –

06-21-00 1.2 .1 22 – <.05 3.5 55 <.3

06-11-01 2.0 .3 14 14 <.05 3.7 66 30

06-10-02 2.2 .8 – 20 <.05 3.6 52 .4

06-18-03 1.9 <.1 – 19 <.06 3.9 50 <.2

06-17-04 2.2 .1 – 19 – 4.0 57 <.2

06-20-05 .8 .1 – 17 <.06 3.9 73 <.2

06-12-06 .7 <.1 – 18 <.06 3.8 28 <.2

06-19-07 .4 <.1 – 20 <.06 3.8 66 <.18

06-16-08 .4 <.1 – 20 <.04 3.4 41 <.18

06-15-09 .3 .1 – 19 <.04 4.2 29 <.2

06-14-10 .3 <.1 – 17 <.04 3.4 43 .3

06-20-11 1.2R .1 – 19 <.02 3.7 63 <.09

P1-1 06-09-99 .7 .4 – – – 4.0 59 –

06-11-02 1.4 <.1 – 17 <.05 2.7 40 <.1

06-18-03 1.5 <.1 – 18 <.06 3.4 32 <.2

06-17-04 1.9 .1 – 16 – 3.1 39 <.2

06-22-05 .6 <.1 – 15 <.06 3.1 68 <.2

06-12-06 .3 <.1 – 16 <.06 2.9 54 <.2

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 15 <.06 2.0 49 <.18

06-16-08 .6 .1 – 14 <.04 2.1 32 <.18

06-15-09 .5 <.1 – 11 <.04 2.3 38 <.2

06-14-10 .6 <.1 – 12 <.04 2.3 20 E.1

06-20-11 1.6R <.1 – 13 <.02 2.3 41 <.09

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
18 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

MW1-17 09-17-96 <0.01 8.9 – 760 6.5 – – 61

04-16-97 .02 23 – 1,200 6.6 – – –

10-09-98 .02 – – 510 6.4 1,740 – –

06-22-00 .02 2.8 – 450 6.5 1,260 -41 160

06-12-01 .01 9.4 – 500 6.5 1,200 -280 120

06-17-04 – .37 70 – 6.5 318 – 150

06-20-05 .04 – 80 – 6.3 563 -144 74

06-20-07 .03 2.9 55 – 6.5 635 -123 96

06-18-08 .04 5.5 26 – 6.6 551 -109 59

06-15-09 .03 8.3 40 – 6.3 523 -115 68

06-14-10 .03 10 120 – 6.2 271 -104 46

06-20-11 .08 6.2 140 – 6.2 715 – 28

MW1-41 06-09-99 .01 – – 860 6.6 1,260 – –

06-21-00 <.01 1.9 – 1,000 6.5 1,500 -75 8.3

06-11-01 .02 25 – 980 6.3 1,330 -89 9.9

06-10-02 .04 21 540 830 6.3 1,190 -68 7.9

06-18-03 .03 14 500 – 6.3 1,280 93 9.5

06-17-04 .02 7.4 450 – 6.1 1,300 -165 11

06-20-05 .01 – 500 – 6.4 1,300 – 8.7

06-12-06 .02 8.5 310 – 6.3 1,240 -103 8.4

06-19-07 .01 6.3 350 – 6.7 1,280 -124 8.7

06-16-08 .01 9.9 300 – 6.4 1,240 -93 11

06-15-09 <.01 18 400 – 6.2 1,200 -99 16

06-14-10 .02 24 <10 – 6.4 1,200 – 15

06-20-11 .01 11 250 – 6.0 1,040 – 13

P1-1 06-09-99 <.01 – – 930 6.4 1,350 – –

06-11-02 <.01 29 400 650 6.3 987 -80 9.3

06-18-03 .02 – 450 – 6.2 1,030 78 11

06-17-04 .02 3.7 430 – 6.0 987 -153 9.2

06-22-05 <.01 10 370 – 6.3 847 -72 7.1

06-12-06 .01 7.8 225 – 6.2 979 -108 7.2

06-19-07 .02 8.1 160 – 6.1 920 -139 5.7

06-16-08 .02 12 350 – 6.5 914 -76 4.4

06-15-09 .02 24 325 – 6.3 830 -99 3.7

06-14-10 .02 27 180 – 6.4 798 -117 3.4

06-20-11 .01 12 160 – 6.4 763 – 3.0

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 19

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.4 0.2 – – – 1.0 19 –

06-11-02 .3 <.1 – 45 <0.05 2.6 39 1.0

06-18-03 .3 .1 – 19 <.06 2.0 29 1.8

06-17-04 .7 <.1 – 21 – 2.8 >10 .55

06-22-05 .2 <.1 – 20 <.06 2.8 60 .38

06-12-06 .2 <.1 – 20 <.06 2.5 39 .2

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 22 <.06 2.5 40 .24

06-17-08 .9 <.1 – 23 <.04 2.9 32 <.18

06-15-09 .5 .2 – 20 <.04 3.0 – E.1

06-14-10 .4 .2 – 19 <.04 2.8 21 .2

06-20-11 1.8R .3 – 19 <.02 2.9 47 <.09

P1-4 06-09-99 .7 .3 – – – .34 2.6 –

06-13-01 .1 .5 9.8 8.7 <.05 .38 3.4 3.8

06-11-02 .2 .1 – 8.0 <.05 2.6 3.7 3.5

06-18-03 .2 .1 – 7.0 <.06 .43 4.1 4.0

06-17-04 .1 .1 – 7.6 – .42 3.0 4.0

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 6.7 <.06 .38 2.3 4.6

06-12-06 .1 <.1 – 6.8 <.06 .35 1.8 4.3

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 7.1 <.06 .35 3.2 4.7

06-16-08 <.1 <.1 – 7.7 <.04 .35 3.5 4.4

06-15-09 <.1 .6 – 7.5 <.04 .39 2.4 4.1

06-14-10 .2 .7 – 7.5 <.04 .38 .12 4.4

06-20-11 2.2R <.1 – 8.5 <.02 .41 2.2 5.1

P1-5 06-08-99 3.0 .3 – – – 3.1 72 –

06-10-02 1.7 .1 – 25 <.05 2.6 62 <.6

06-18-03 2.2 .1 – 24 <.06 3.1 54 <.2

06-17-04 2.1 <.1 – 23 – 3.1 >10 <.2

06-21-05 .8 .1 – 22 <.06 3.5 74 E.1

06-12-06 .8 <.1 – 21 <.06 3.6 66 E.1

06-19-07 .3 <.1 – 22 <.06 3.2 48 <.2

06-16-08 1.0 <.1 – 21 <.04 3.6 44 <.2

06-15-09 .4 <.1 – 19 <.04 4.3 33 E.2

06-14-10 1.2 <.1 – 18 <.04 3.3 59 E.1

06-20-11 1.7R .4 – 18 <.02 3.4 38 <.09

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
20 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-3 06-09-99 0.04 – – 730 6.8 1,470 – –

06-11-02 .03 24 400 820 6.4 1,340 -73 61

06-18-03 .03 – 350 – 6.4 1,400 73 90

06-17-04 <.01 5.7 330 – 6.5 1,350 – 57

06-22-05 .03 8.4 320 – 6.4 1,200 -88 68

06-12-06 .03 7.1 330 – 6 1,440 -152 51

06-19-07 .03 7.1 260 – 6.5 1,420 -136 55

06-17-08 .03 14 200 – 6.4 1,230 – 31

06-15-09 .03 18 180 – 6.2 1,220 -160 45

06-14-10 .03 22 350 – 6.5 1,050 – 30

06-20-11 .06 11 275 – 6.3 1,040 – 21

P1-4 06-09-99 .02 – – 450 6.9 867 – –

06-13-01 <.01 .93 – 390 6.6 761 -78 53

06-11-02 <.01 5.9 90 380 6.7 734 -86 56

06-18-03 .01 4.2 70 – 6.6 778 65 59

06-17-04 .02 1.8 60 – 6.4 782 -163 48

06-21-05 <.01 1.8 42 – 6.6 750 -83 47

06-12-06 <.01 1.7 32 – 6.4 823 -94 44

06-19-07 <.01 2.5 26 – 6.7 745 -99 44

06-16-08 .01 3.1 20 – 6.9 749 -86 40

06-15-09 .01 6.4 25 – 6.8 724 -100 39

06-14-10 .01 6.2 30 – 6.8 795 -105 42

06-20-11 <.01 3.1 65 – 6.8 809 – 46

P1-5 06-08-99 .01 – – 850 6.2 1,320 – –

06-10-02 .02 23 400 730 6.2 1,200 -59 17

06-18-03 .02 18 650 – 6.2 1,150 65 16

06-17-04 – 5.8 450 – 6.4 1,160 – 14

06-21-05 .04 9.4 400 – 6.3 1,150 -65 13

06-12-06 .05 6.8 370 – 5.8 1,100 -106 9.9

06-19-07 .04 8.5 350 – 6.3 1,030 -104 9.3

06-16-08 .04 14 275 – 6.3 1,080 29 10

06-15-09 .12 22 500 – 6.3 1,050 -165 13

06-14-10 .02 24 400 – 6.3 990 – 9.6

06-20-11 .03 9.7 250 – 6.3 935 – 9.3

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 21

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 09-17-96 0.5 2.8R 2.0 – <0.02 0.28 1.8 7.1

04-16-97 .6 .4 – – .24 – <.01 8.6

03-03-98 1.7 .2 4.0 – – .10 .01 –

10-08-98 .2 .5 – – – – .28 –

06-07-99 .9 .1 – – – .20 1.2 –

06-22-00 .2 .1 8.6 – – .70 – 5.5

06-14-01 0.9–3.2 .5 2.9 2.5 .08 .54 1.6 5.4

06-13-02 2.4 .1 – 3.8 .08 .47 1.2 5.5

06-20-03 .8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .53 .22 5.7

06-18-04 .2 .1 – 2.7 – .61 .12 5.9

06-23-05 .3 .1 – .7 <.06 .14 .03 8.8

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 3.9 <.06 .79 .19 5.7

06-20-07 .1 <.1 – 1.4 <.06 .29 .23 7.5

06-18-08 <.1 .1 – 2.6 E.03 .42 .19 7.1

06-16-09 <.1 .4 – .8 <.04 .19 <.01 8.7

06-15-10 <.1 .8 – 4.5 <.04 1.1 .3 6.4

06-21-11 1.3R <.1 – 4.6 <.02 1.3 .39 6.2

MW1-5 09-17-96 1.2 <.1 15 – <.02 1.6 19 6.4

04-16–97 .5 <.1 – – .08 – 3.1 2.8

03-04-98 .7 <.1 12 – – 1.3 4.5 –

10-08-98 2.4 <.1 – – – 1.5 11 –

06-08-99 .6 .3 – – – 1.2 31 –

06-22-00 – <.1 17 – – 1.5 39 6.4

06-13-01 .8 .3 10 9.6 .12 1.5 25 6.0

06-13-02 3.4 .5 – 11 .14 1.5 20 6.3

06-20-03 .1 .1 – 11 <.06 1.5 30 6.8

06-18-04 .1 .4 – 7.2 – 1.8 >10 5.6

06-22-05 <.1 <.1 – 8.2 .16 1.2 27 6.7

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 7.8 .08 1.3 14 6.0

06-20-07 .1 <.1 – 8.0 <.06 .10 21 1.7

06-18-08 <.1 .3 – 5.9 .15 1.0 16 7.3

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 8.3 .09 1.8 14 5.7

06-15-10 <.1 .2 – 7.7 .13 1.4 23 5.8

06-21-11 1.1R .1 – 7.9 .1 1.7 22 5.2

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
22 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 09-17-96 <0.01 1.2 – 130 6.9 – – 15

04-16-97 <.01 .70 – 270 7.3 – – –

03-03-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 170 6.7 368 – –

06-07-99 <.01 – – 180 6.6 350 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .56 – 230 6.8 412 -26 19

06-14-01 <.01 3.7 – 180 6.5 360 -8 22

06-13-02 <.01 5.2 60 190 6.6 442 -14 20

06-20-03 <.01 3.7 40 – 6.7 324 – 17

06-18-04 <.01 1.1 50 – 6.0 320 91 23

06-23-05 <.01 – <10 – 7.9 203 45 7.3

06-13-06 .01 2.1 30 – 6.6 362 -1 20

06-20-07 <.01 .53 14 – 7.0 252 -58 11

06-18-08 <.01 1.7 12 – 7.2 279 – 15

06-16-09 <.01 .73 <10 – 7.7 250 -95 9.0

06-15-10 <.01 4.1 16 – 6.9 360 – 16

06-21-11 <.01 2.9 – – 6.9 325 – 17

MW1-5 09-17-96 <.01 2.4 – 410 6.7 – – 21

04-16–97 .03 18 – 1,400 6.6 – – –

03-04-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 410 6.4 1,740 – –

06-08-99 .01 – – 510 6.5 855 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.1 – 460 6.6 790 -80 19

06-13-01 .01 2.4 – 470 6.4 766 -70 12

06-13-02 .02 7.4 180 740 6.5 608 -77 9.6

06-20-03 .03 4.9 180 – 6.4 711 – 10

06-18-04 – 2.4 200 – 6.5 795 – 9.8

06-22-05 .02 – 70 – 6.3 520 -95 9.5

06-13-06 .02 1.9 50 – 6.5 603 -85 8.5

06-20-07 .03 1.1 100 – 6.5 603 -106 44

06-18-08 .01 1.8 100 – 6.6 562 – 8.4

06-16-90 .02 3.5 500 – 6.4 684 -110 11

06-15-10 .01 4.4 80 – 6.6 647 – 13

06-21-11 <.01 3.2 180 – 6.3 741 – 15

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 23

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 2.1 <0.1 480 – <0.02 3.9 130 0.2

04-16-97 .8 <.1 – – <.02 – 120 2.2

03-04-98 .7 .3 350 – – 18 100 –

10-08-98 9.6 <.1 – – – 5.4 180 –

06-07-99 6.8 .6 – – – >5 140 –

06-22-00 – .1 61 – – 1.9 60 1.2

06-14-01 1.7 .2 64 66 .33 2.4 56 1.1

06-13-02 4.6–7.6 .9 – 71 <.05 3.2 38 .4

06-20-03 2.2 .2 – 29 <.6 2.1 37 .6

06-22-04 – .1 – 36 – 2.1 >10 .1

06-23-05 .5 .1 – 20 <.06 2.0 66 .4

06-13-06 – .1 – 17 <.06 1.7 14 20

06-20-07 – <.1 – 18 <.06 1.8 44 9.7

06-18-08 .1 .1 – 17 <.04 2.2 28 10

06-16-09 – .2 – B <.04 2.6 43.7 88

06-15-10 <.1 .5 – 14 <.04 1.7 22 8.6

06-21-11 1.6R .2 – 16 <.02 2.1 17 5.2

P1-6 06-08-99 1.8 .1 – – – .12 .02 –

06-14-01 1.8 .2 34 34 .23 .45 .95 4.9

06-13-02 1.6 <.1 – 26 <.05 .88 1.0 4.3

06-20-03 .3 .2 – 4.1 <.06 .08 .13 7.5

06-18-04 1.5 .1 – 10 – .11 1.0 7.2

06-23-05 .3 .1 – 5.8 <.06 .17 .15 6.3

06-13-06 1.1 .1 – 26 <.06 .91 1.4 3.4

06-20-07 .2 <.1 – 3.9 <.06 .08 .08 7.1

06-18-08 .2 .1 – 10 <.04 .15 .10 5.5

06-16-09 .1 .1 – 3.2 <.04 .08 .07 6.1

06-15-10 .2 .1 – 2.0 <.04 .06 .05 6.0

06-21-11 1.2R .1 – 2.2 <.02 .07 .06 6.4

P1-7 06-08-99 1.2 .1 – – – .61 2.1 –

06-22-00 – .1 19 – – 2.6 3.2 24

06-14-01 .2 .2 11 11 <.05 2.3 2.0 18

06-14-02 .2 1.3 – 8.9 <.05 2.2 1.9 12

06-20-03 .1 .1 – 5.6 <.06 1.9 1.3 7.5

06-18-04 .1 <.1 – 6.9 – 2.4 2.0 9.8

06-22-05 <.1 .1 – 8.8 <.06 2.1 1.9 26

06-13-06 <.1 .5 – 7.6 <.06 2.0 1.8 20

06-20-07 .2 .1 – 5.7 <.06 2.1 1.18 6.0

06-18-08 <.1 <.1 – 6.7 <.04 2.1 1.34 6.9

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 6.4 <.04 2.2 1.3 6.5

06-15-10 <.1 <.1 – 6.4 <.04 1.9 1.2 17

06-21-11 1.9R .3 – 6.3 <.02 2.2 1.3 17

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
24 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

MW1-16 09-17-96 <0.01 4.3 – 1,400 6.5 – – 150

04-16-97 .06 29 – 1,800 6.5 – – –

03-04-98 .01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 <.01 – – 1,600 6.3 3,370 – –

06-07-99 .01 – – 1,200 6.7 1,820 – –

06-22-00 .02 1.2 – 510 6.7 902 -130 43

06-14-01 .08 10 – 610 6.4 953 – 40

06-13-02 .04 24 270 700 6.5 1,400 -140 17

06-20-03 .06 9.7 240 – 6.5 835 – 6.8

06-22-04 .50 4.3 230 – 6.3 817 – 6.9

06-23-05 .12 – 225 – 6.6 767 -110 3.8

06-13-06 .06 3.0 70 – 6.7 737 -139 3.5

06-20-07 .13 2.1 190 – 6.4 763 -124 6.5

06-18-08 .08 3.3 40 – 6.4 770 -62 16

06-16-09 .45 8.8 80 – 6.4 880 -80 21

06-15-10 .11 5.9 60 – 6.3 611 – 9.4

06-21-11 .45 3.5 100 – 6.3 541 – 8.2

P1-6 06-08-99 .04 – – 300 6.8 574 – –

06-14-01 .12 6.3 – 350 6.4 657 -38 47

06-13-02 .11 11 170 380 6.4 604 -11 37

06-20-03 .07 4.8 40 – 8.1 278 – 13

06-18-04 .10 .37 <10 – 8.6 268 – 18

06-23-05 .12 1.4 24 – 7.1 332 -53 24

06-13-06 .14 2.6 30 – 6.6 757 -85 35

06-20-07 .07 .38 16 – 8.3 249 -274 10

06-18-08 .07 2.2 <10 – 8.3 291 218 22

06-16-09 .06 2.2 <10 – 8.2 318 -133 16

06-15-10 .05 2.8 20 – 8.6 272 – 14

06-21-11 .05 1 16 – 8.2 233 – 11

P1-7 06-08-99 <.01 – – 310 6.7 627 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.5 – 400 6.8 851 -35 55

06-14-01 <.01 4.0 – 320 6.5 666 -32 41

06-14-02 <.01 6.0 87 300 6.6 601 -41 60

06-20-03 <.01 4.8 50 – 6.6 498 – 42

06-18-04 <.01 1.7 40 – 6.7 613 – 56

06-22-05 <.01 2.3 37 – 6.5 637 -20 55

06-13-06 <.01 2.1 – – 6.6 639 -60 49

06-20-07 <.01 2.4 12 – 6.6 494 -57 43

06-18-08 <.01 3.8 14 – 6.7 556 -18.9 49

06-16-09 .01 6.6 16 – 6.7 566 -62 53

06-15-10 .01 5.5 40 – 6.8 577 – 35

06-21-11 <.01 2.7 23 – 6.7 557 – 31

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 25

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 1.8 <0.1 – – – 0.20 0.08 –

06-14-01 .7 .1 5 4.7 0.06 .16 .22 0.1

06-13-02 .6 .3 – 8.8 <.05 .21 .38 .3

06-20-03 .6 .1 – 2.3 <.06 .09 .12 .4

06-18-04 .3 .4 – 3.0 – .13 .01 .4

06-23-05 .2 .2 – 14 <.06 .12 .12 <.2

06-13-06 .3 <.1 – 3.2 <.06 .14 .02 .4

06-20-07 .3 .1 – 3.9 <.06 .15 .14 <.18

06-18-08 .1 <.1 – 4.1 <.04 .15 .16 .38

06-15-09 .2 <.1 – 3.5 <.04 .17 .02 .34

06-15-10 .3 <.1 – 3.5 <.04 .16 .1 .4

06-21-11 1.1R .2 – 5.1 <.02 .21 .11 <.09

P1-9 06-08-99 19 .3 – – – .90 .03 –

06-22-00 – .1 10 – – .69 .20 6.6

06-14-01 6.7 .1 2.3 1.7 <.05 .19 .05 7.6

06-13-02 – .6 – 9.8 <.05 1.2 .42 5.6

06-20-03 .2 .1 – 3.7 <.06 .24 <.01 7.0

06-18-04 .2 .1 – 4.0 – .26 .14 7.3

06-23-05 <.1 .1 – 1.4 <.06 .11 .01 8.7

06-13-06 4.4 .2 – 9.6 <.06 1.4 .33 5.3

06-20-07 .2 .1 – 4.5 <.06 .28 .13 7.04

06-18-08 E.2.5 <.1 – 10 <.04 .17 .07 7.89

06-16-09 <.1 .2 – 6.0 <.04 .60 .15 5.4

06-14-10 .2 <.1 – 1.2 <.04 .16 <.01 8.6

06-21-11 1R .2 – 2.0 <.02 .20 .04 7.2

P1-10 06-07-99 .7 .3 – – – .10 .11 –

06-22-00 – <.1 7.2 – – .07 .25 <0.3

06-13-01 2.0 .2 3.0 4.2 <0.05 .07 .20 .06

06-12-02 .3 .1 – 3.5 <.05 .05 .41 <.1

06-19-03 .2 .1 – 3.5 <.06 .42 .34 2.6

06-18-04 .1 .1 – 3.5 – .58 .35 <.2

06-22-05 .1 .1 – 3.3 <.06 .74 .24 <.2

06-13-06 <.1 .1 – 3.4 <.06 .92 .15 <.2

06-20-07 E.1 <.1 – 4.2 <.06 .10 .31 <.18

06-18-08 <.1 <.1 – 4.2 <.04 .12 .23 <.18

06-15-09 .1 .1 – 4.0 <.04 .24 .28 <.2

06-14-10 .2 .1 – 5 <.04 .28 .19 <.2

06-21-11 2.2R .1 – 5.5 <.02 .43 .25 <.09

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
26 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8 06-07-99 0.01 – – 210 7.6 381 – –

06-14-01 .02 6.9 – 200 7.0 363 -73 18

06-13-02 .02 11 40 104 6.9 482 -46 35

06-20-03 <.01 9.6 <10 – 7.2 285 – 3.3

06-18-04 .01 1.7 <10 – 7.4 336 -218 5.9

06-23-05 <.01 3.4 <10 – 7.5 308 -147 4.2

06-13-06 <.01 4.5 <10 – 7.5 332 -124 8.0

06-20-07 <.01 6.6 9 – 7.5 348 -149 5.9

06-18-08 <.01 7.9 <10 – 8.0 358 -136 8.7

06-15-08 <.01 10 <10 – 7.9 356 -164 6.7

06-15-10 <.01 13 15 – 7.6 353 – 6.0

06-21-11 .01 6.4 <10 – 7.6 361 – 15

P1-9 06-08-99 <.01 – – 270 6.6 680 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.7 – 250 6.8 548 -17 59

06-14-01 <.01 1.4 – 200 7.8 289 -120 14

06-13-02 <.01 7.5 91 280 6.5 601 17 71

06-20-03 .01 2.5 27 – 7.0 353 – 23

06-18-04 <.01 .71 35 – 6.7 330 -97 26

06-23-05 <.01 .02 <10 – 8.3 202 22 12

06-13-06 .01 3.2 37 – 6.6 728 -9 112

06-20-07 <.01 1.4 10 – 7.4 325 -110 31

06-18-08 <.01 .74 <10 – 7.6 235 – 28

06-16-09 <.01 6.7 14 – 6.8 507 -27 72

06-14-10 <.01 .6 12 – 8.3 233 – 19

06-21-11 <.01 1.2 <10 – 7.5 326 – 28

P1-10 06-07-99 <.01 – – 300 6.7 560 – –

06-22-00 <.01 1.3 – 290 7.1 500 -19 15

06-13-01 <.01 4.9 – 290 7.2 476 -24 15

06-12-02 <.01 18 51 270 6.8 438 8 14

06-19-03 <.01 8.2 30 – 6.6 425 – 16

06-18-04 <.01 .33 45 – 6.3 422 -69 9.5

06-23-05 <.01 .71 40 – 6.6 420 4 11

06-13-06 <.01 6.3 29 – 6.6 437 -15 26

06-20-07 <.01 6.1 15 – 6.3 391 -21 15

06-18-08 <.01 4.7 11 – 6.8 358 14 7.3

06-15-09 <.01 3.4 35 – 6.7 406 -6.1 6.6

06-14-10 <.01 4.1 50 – 6.7 431 – 6.5

06-21-11 <.01 3.6 40 – 6.8 407 – 5.6

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 27

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96 0.4 2.7R 7.4 – 0.14 0.16 0.74 16

04-17-97 .8 .1 – – <.02 – .88 15

03-05-98 .3 .3 7.9 – – .20 .73 –

10-05-98 .2 .1 – – – .19 .99 –

06-22-00 .4 .2 6.5 – – .16 .80 13

06-12-01 2.8–4.3 .2 7.1 6.8 <.05 .16 .99 13

06-14-02 0.7–2.4 .1 – 6.2 <.05 .18 1.1 9.7

06-19-03 .3 .1 – 6.5 <.06 .18 1.1 11

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 6.2 – .17 1.0 10

06-21-05 .1 .1 – 5.9 <.06 .16 1.0 9.5

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 6.3 <.06 .14 .97 8.1

06-18-07 .2 <.1 – 6.6 <.06 .14 .87 7.1

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 6.4 <.04 .13 .86 6.9

06-17-09 .2 .1 – 6.7 <.04 .15 1.1 6.9

06-15-10 .3 .8 – 6.6 .05 .13 .78 6.6

06-22-11 1.2R .2 – 7.2 <.02 .14 .25 7.2

MW1-28 09-16-96 .3 2.1R 7.2 – <.02 .20 1.0 48

04-17-97 1.0 <.1 – – .04 – .99 51

03-05-98 .4 .5 7.7 – – .20 .67 –

10-07-98 .6 <.1 – – – .19 1.0 –

06-22-00 .3 <.1 13 – – .16 .66 44

06-12-01 4.1–5.7 .5 10 6.9 <.05 .16 .90 45

06-14-02 >100R .1 – 7.0 <.05 .16 .92 39

06-19-03 2.5 .1 – 6.8 <.06 .16 .66 39

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 5.9 – .18 <.01 36

06-21-05 .1 .2 – 6.3 <.06 .16 .98 37

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 6.1 <.06 .16 .78 35

06-18-07 .1 <.1 – 6.7 <.06 .16 .87 33

06-17-08 .1 <.1 – 7.1 <.04 .15 .85 33

06-17-09 .1 .2 – 6.5 <.04 .16 .96 33

06-15-10 .2 .8 – 6.6 <.04 .15 .76 31

06-22-11 1.1R .2 -- 7.0 <.02 .15 .69 5.8

MW1-38 10-09-98 – .1 – – – .20 .08 –

06-20-00 .1 .2 5.6 – <.05 .08 .10 2.3

06-12-02 1.4 <.1 5.0 – <.05 .08 .42 2.9

06-16-04 .2 .1 – 4.9 – .06 .04 1.2

06-24-05 .3 .1 – 4.4 <.06 .06 .09 3.3

06-14-06 .1 .1 – 2.4 <.06 .01 .05 1.0

06-21-07 .2 .6 – 4.7 <.06 .04 .04 3.1

06-17-08 <.1 .1 – 5.0 <.04 .04 .03 2.5

06-17-09 .1 .4 – 4.5 <.04 .05 .10 3.4

06-15-10 .3 <.1 – 4.3 <.04 .05 .03 2.3

06-22-11 1.8R .3 – 5.1 <.02 .05 .04 1.6

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
28 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH 

(units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP 

(mV)

Filtered 

chloride

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 09-17-96 <0.01 3.6 – 360 7.1 – – 140

04-17-97 <.01 7.9 – 1,000 7.0 – – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-05-98 <.01 – – 450 6.9 1,240 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .79 – 380 6.9 1,230 -49 170

06-12-01 <.01 4.7 – 440 6.7 1,180 -36 160

06-14-02 <.01 7.0 83 370 6.7 1,030 -60 170

06-19-03 <.01 8.1 65 – 6.7 1,180 -17 170

06-16-04 <.01 1.4 40 – 7.1 1,210 – 160

06-21-05 <.01 2.1 33 – 6.9 1,150 -9 160

06-14-06 <.01 2.4 27 – 6.9 1,090 -71 140

06-18-07 <.01 1.3 27 – 6.6 1,040 -152 140

06-17-08 <.01 2.8 35 – 6.9 1,040 -45 140

06-19-09 – 5.1 <10 – 6.5 923 -100 124

06-15-10 <.01 4.7 30 – 6.7 1,050 – 131

06-22-11 <.01 2.6 40 – 6.7 1,040 – 127

MW1-28 09-16-96 <.01 1.7 – 350 – – – 380

04-17-97 <.01 5.3 – 1,100 7.4 – – –

03-05-98 <.01 – – – – – – –

10-07-98 .02 – – 320 6.6 2,630 – –

06-22-00 <.01 .45 – 480 7.3 2,460 -87 510

06-12-01 <.01 4.1 – 480 7.4 2,200 -220 490

06-14-02 <.01 3.9 40 470 7.2 2,580 -110 460

06-19-03 <.01 1.7 32 – 7.1 2,440 -40 490

06-16-04 <.01 .77 21 – 7.2 2,280 – 450

06-21-05 <.01 1.0 23 – 6.9 2,210 -124 472

06-14-06 .01 .83 21 – 7.0 2,110 -127 443

06-18-07 .02 .67 25 – 7.1 2,060 – 430

06-17-08 <.01 1.5 13 – 7.1 2,080 -112 420

06-17-09 <.01 2.2 <10 – 7.2 1,860 -104 415

06-15-10 <.01 2.2 27 – 7.2 2,030 – 399

06-22-11 <.01 1.5 30 – 7.3 2,020 – 78

MW1-38 10-09-98 .02 – – 310 7.8 1,460 – –

06-20-00 .03 .10 – 300 7.8 1,240 -130 230

06-12-02 .04 1.1 7.7 310 7.6 1,350 -160 230

06-16-04 .03 .13 11 – 7.4 1,130 – 200

06-24-05 .03 .05 <10 – 7.7 1,210 -116 230

06-14-06 <.01 .41 <10 – 7.5 1,120 -55 62

06-21-07 .05 .31 9.0 – 7.4 1,190 -114 230

06-17-08 .02 .32 <10 – 7.7 1,140 -43 220

06-17-09 .03 .77 <10 – 7.7 1,140 -150 214

06-15-10 <.01 .64 – – 7.5 864 – 180

06-22-11 .02 .85 <10 – 7.8 1,050 – 198

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 29

Well or 

piezometer 

No.

Date 

sampled

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1-39 09-16-96 0.6 2.0R 4.4 – <0.02 0.02 <0.01 0.7

04-17-97 4.5 <.1 – – <.02 – .05 13

03-03-98 .3 .3 3.7 – – .10 .03 –

10-09-98 .5 <.1 – – – <.01 .04 –

06-07-99 1.0 .3 – – – .10 .02 –

06-20-00 .5 .1 2.4 – <.05 .01 .07 .2

06-12-01 1.4 .3 3.4 3.3 <.05 .01 <.01 .1

06-12-02 >30R <.1 – 2.8 <.05 .01 .10 .1

06-19-03 1.8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .01 <.01 1.2

06-16-04 2.0 .1 – 2.4 – .01 .05 .1

06-14-06 .7 .1 – 4.5 <.06 .05 .05 1.7

06-21-07 1.0 <.1 – 2.3 <.06 .01 .04 .98

06-17-08 1.8 .6 – 2.7 <.04 .01 .04 1.0

06-17-09 1.8 .4 – 2.0 <.04 .008 <.01 1.0

06-15-10 .7 <.1 – 2.0 <.04 .01 .04 E.1

06-22-11 2.4R .1 – 2.1 <.02 .01 .03 <.09

Table 2. Groundwater geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

1996–2011.—Continued

[All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009), and Dinicola and 

Huffman (2011); prior to 2000, bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. 

A range of dissolved hydrogen concentrations is shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Well or piezometer No.: MW, monitoring well; 

P, piezometer. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction 

potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: E, estimated value; R, data rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; 

selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because of interference from downhole instruments, 2011, dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected pending 

further investigation between U.S. Geological Survey field analysis and analyzing laboratory); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater 

than value shown; –, not analyzed]
30 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.12

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-12-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-13-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-15-09 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-20-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-16-04 <20 <20 130 130 730 E10 50

06-12-06 – – – – – E21 61

06-19-07 – – – – – E9.0 E38

06-17-08 – – – – – E47 110

06-15-09 – – – – – E19 E95

06-14-10 – – – – – E43 100

06-20-11 – – – – – 10 50

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – – .26

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <50 E12 630 E13 110 6.0 E1.1

06-12-06 – – – – – 5.0 <5.0

06-19-07 – – – – – E4.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – 7.0 E.70

06-15-09 – – – – – E10 <25

06-14-10 – – – – – 12 E1.7

06-20-11 – – – – – 9.4 <5.0

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.68 E.23 E.48 E2.0 <5.0

06-20-07 – – – – – E11 <50

06-18-08 – – – – – E17 E13

06-15-09 – – – – – E21 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – E34 <100

06-20-11 – – – – – 8.9 <5.0

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – – <.10

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E0.27 <1.0 E.23 E10 <100

06-12-06 – – – – – <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 – – – – – <120 <120

06-15-09 – – – – – <250 <250

06-14-10 – – – – – <250 <250

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 .2 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 31

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

MW1-20 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-15-04 – – – – – –

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

Upper aquifer northern plantation

1MW-1 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-16-04 <20 E11 <40 <20 ND 880

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

MW1-2 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 760

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

MW1-17 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 E3.1 E1.4

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 – – – – – –

MW1-41 06-21-00 – – – – – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 E1.7 <1.0 E.27 E2.2

06-12-06 – – – – – –

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-09 – – – – – –

06-14-10 – – – – – –

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 .3 .2

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
32 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 11 6.1 <1.0 <4.0 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <0.20 .20 .10 <.20 – –

06-18-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.30 <1.0 <1.0 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 E29 E8.6

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.16 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – <100 <100

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.18 <1.0 <2.0 <250 <250

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 <2.0 <500 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <500 <500

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 35 450 20 120 – –

06-11-02 <.20 <.20 53 4.3 72 – –

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.0 79 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 15 2.4 41 E33 E27

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 E44 E30

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 4.6 1.2 16 E35 E21

06-19-07 <1.0 <1.0 1.8 1.0 15 E42 E27

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.17 E.31 E.67 E64 E20

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.73 E.71 5.8 E60 <500

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 <.1 .2 <.2 E67 <250

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 <.4 <5.0 <5.0

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 160 4,800 56 540 – –

06-13-01 <20 <20 4,900 46 652 – –

06-11-02 <.20 1.2 3,600 41 640 – –

06-18-03 <100 <100 3,200 E42 440 – –

06-17-04 <130 <130 2,300 E29 370 E7.0 E29

06-21-05 <67 <67 2,100 E30 360 E7.0 E20

06-12-06 <50 <50 1,600 E24 280 E6.0 E19

06-19-07 <40 <40 15,00 E24 280 E11 E29

06-16-08 <50 <50 1,600 E24 750 E14 E29

06-15-09 <40 <40 1,300 E34 350 E21 E50

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 1,200 16.9 314 E32 50

06-20-11 <10 <10 895 29 192 10 16

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 440 400 4.0 11 – –

06-10-02 <.20 <.20 .30 .80 .40 – –

06-18-03 <25 <25 E7.8 <25 <25 – –

06-17-04 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 23 <10

06-21-05 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E23 <100

06-12-06 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E16 <100

06-19-07 – – – – – E19 <100

06-16-08 <50 <50 <50 <50 <100 E45 <100

06-15-09 <20 <20 <20 <20 <40 E25 <250

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 E56 <250

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <4.0 <5.0 <5.0

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 33

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer northern plantation—Continued

P1-1 06-09-99 <2.0 M <4.0 <2.0 18 17

06-11-02 <.20 0.50 <.20 <.20 6.8 .80

06-18-03 <1.0 M <2.0 <1.0 4.0 E.30

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 4.4 ND

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 3.5 .35

06-12-06 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.1 ND

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.9 E.18

06-15-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 3.5 E.19

06-14-10 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.3 ND

06-20-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.2 ND

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 <16 4.0 <16 ND 630

06-11-02 <.20 .60 9.9 .20 3.3 140

06-18-03 <2.0 M 5.0 <2.0 E2.0 150

06-17-04 <1.0 E.38 6.9 <1.0 2.4 66

06-22-05 <1.0 E.31 2.6 <1.0 2.3 50

06-12-06 <1.0 E.32 4.4 <1.0 2.2 26

06-19-07 <1.0 E.42 5.6 <1.0 2.2 24

06-17-08 <1.0 E.24 9.1 <1.0 3.9 10

06-15-09 <1.0 E.26 6.4 <1.0 2.3 14

06-14-10 <.1 .2 – <.1 3.5 .4

06-20-11 <.2 <.2 – <.2 1.9 ND

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 5,600

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 5,600

06-11-02 <.20 <10 .80 9.9 1.1 4,300

06-18-03 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 3,700

06-17-04 <130 <130 <270 <130 ND 2,700

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,500

06-12-06 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,900

06-19-07 <40 <40 <80 <40 66 1,800

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,400

06-15-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,680

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 ND 1,530

06-20-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,120

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 <13 15 <13 47 470

06-10-02 <.20 .30 21 <.20 18 23

06-18-03 <25 <25 E19 <25 ND E27

06-17-04 <10 <10 23 <10 E4.5 23

06-21-05 <10 <10 21 <10 8.2 21

06-12-06 <10 <10 E14 <10 E4.2 E14

06-19-07 – – – – – –

06-16-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND ND

06-15-09 <20 <20 E19 <20 ND E19

06-14-10 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 2.2 ND

06-20-11 <2.0 <2.0 – <2.0 ND ND

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
34 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – – 12

06-18-04 <1,000 32,000 15,000 <1,000 1,600 E32 200

06-13-06 – – – – – E39 200

06-20-07 – – – – – 6.0 32

06-18-08 – – – – – 30 120

06-16-09 – – – – – 5.0 28

06-15-10 – – – – – 87 260

06-21-11 – – – – – 58 180

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – – 8.6

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.26 E0.29 <1.0 E0.74 E7.0 <50

06-13-06 – – – – – E9.0 E30

06-20-07 – – – – – E3.0 <25

06-18-08 – – – – – E6.0 E7.2

06-15-09 – – – – – E6.0 <50

06-15-10 – – – – – E12 E16

06-21-11 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – – 70

06-22-04 <10 <10 E2.3 E4.2 E2.2 E38 E33

06-13-06 – – – – – E23 E6.8

06-20-07 – – – – – E24 E18

06-18-08 – – – – – E19 E6.3

06-16-09 – – – – – E53 <250

06-15-10 – – – – – E37 E5

06-21-11 – – – – – 8.6 <5.0

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 74 16,000 170 5,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 370 16,000 220 9,900 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 3,700 170 5,100 – –

06-20-03 <50 470 1,100 E39 1,300 – –

06-18-04 <20 <20 220 E11 570 7.0 210

06-22-05 <130 <130 4,200 E90 2,900 E30 590

06-13-06 <100 <100 300 E77 770 82 1,300

06-20-07 <8.0 <8.0 84 E5.4 140 7.0 180

06-18-08 <200 <200 8,800 E130 9,700 57 720

06-16-09 <100 180 3,900 E93 2,600 E40 450

06-15-10 <10.0 23.2 8,600 78.2 2,860 53 560

06-21-11 <10 <10 2,020 32 1,470 14 180

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 26,000 35,000 210 3,100 – –

06-22-00 3.6 27,000 44,000 220 3,800 – 68

06-14-01 <20 26,000 37,000 190 4,000 – –

06-14-02 <20 37,000 62,000 400 5,700 – –

06-20-03 <2,000 28,000 35,000 <2000 2,800 – –

06-18-04 <3,300 37,000 61,000 <3300 5,100 E36 520

06-22-05 <2,000 28,000 59,000 E330 5,000 E45 480

06-13-06 <2,000 24,000 43,000 <2000 3,800 E44 400

06-20-07 <2,000 33,000 44,000 E320 4,000 E47 460

06-18-08 <2,000 38,000 65,000 E370 14,000 88 850

06-16-09 <2,000 40,000 92,000 3,900 10,000 140 1,100

06-15-10 <50.0 10,900 27,700 184 3,480 140 550

06-21-11 <100 7,580 18,500 305 1,640 63 200

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 35

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation

MW1-4 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 49,000

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-08 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – --

MW1-5 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E0.36 3.0 <1.0 E0.92 E1.6

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

MW1-16 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-22-04 <10 590 290 <10 367 890

06-13-06 – – – – – –

06-20-07 – – – – – –

06-18-08 – – – – – –

06-16-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-21-11 – – – – – –

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 1,500 300 <400 E87 23,000

06-14-01 <20 4,800 600 12 88 32,000

06-13-02 <20 4,300 1,400 <20 63 15,000

06-20-03 <50 380 270 <50 ND 3,600

06-18-04 <20 200 88 <20 ND 1,100

06-22-05 <130 370 400 <130 ND 8,000

06-13-06 <100 1,200 2,600 <100 E68 5,000

06-20-07 <8.0 69 78 <8.0 E1.4 380

06-18-08 <200 400 1,200 <200 E46 20,000

06-16-09 <100 130 310 <100 ND 7,200

06-15-10 <10.0 211 – <10.0 ND 11,800

06-21-11 <10 74 – <10 ND 3,600

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 <670 <1,300 <670 ND 64,000

06-22-00 .24 17 8.4 72 – 75,000

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 44 ND 67,000

06-14-02 <20 14 <20 64 ND 105,000

06-20-03 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 66,000

06-18-04 <3,300 <3,300 <6,700 <3,300 ND 103,000

06-22-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 92,000

06-13-06 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 71,000

06-20-07 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 81,000

06-18-08 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 117,000

06-16-09 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 146,000

06-15-10 <50.0 <50.0 – <50.0 ND 43,000

06-21-11 <100 <100 – <100 ND 28,000

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
36 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8

 

06-07-99 <710 190 25,000 210 3,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 810 8,600 62 4,200 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 24,000 190 7,700 – –

06-20-03 <10 230 31 <10 E7.0 – –

06-18-04 <1.0 E.26 2.7 <1.0 23 <50 E4.2

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 7.0 <1.0 21 <50 <50

06-13-06 <20 <20 620 E4.0 58 <50 E9.5

06-20-07 <4.0 E2.4 29 <4.0 41 <100 E13

06-18-08 <10 <10 160 <10 280 E6.0 E16

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 97 <5.0 120 <250 <250

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 188 <1.0 147 E16 <250

06-21-11 <10 <10 9,090 71 774 E3.0 7.1

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 48,000 88,000 470 7,200 – –

06-22-00 E5.0 88,000 64,000 320 5,800 – 37

06-14-01 <40 29,000 7,300 32 450 – –

06-13-02 <20 90,000 79,000 590 7,900 – –

06-20-03 <1,000 60,000 27,000 <1,000 1,800 – –

06-18-04 <1,300 50,000 23,000 <1,300 2,100 16 200

06-23-05 <20 230 700 E3.2 97 <5.0 E4.0

06-13-06 <5,000 74,000 140,000 E850 10,000 66 1,200

06-20-07 <1,000 55,000 40,000 E200 4,200 32 340

06-18-08 <400 9700 13,000 E80 2,000 12 160

06-16-09 <2,500 62,000 100,000 E1,100 8,700 100 1,300

06-14-10 <10.0 1,720 7,090 28.8 660 5.7 88

06-21-11 <200 10,200 30,900 262 2,590 10 190

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 14,000 34,000 270 2,500 – –

06-22-00 1.0 8,700 13,000 100 2,300 – 2.3

06-13-01 <20 6,600 12,000 68 1,800 – –

06-12-02 <20 4,600 7,000 55 2,000 – –

06-19-03 <400 2,300 9,400 <400 1,100 – –

06-18-04 <200 1,600 3,900 <200 890 E12 E46

06-23-05 <100 1,100 3,000 E29 700 E3.0 7.0

06-13-06 <1,000 2,200 27,000 E160 2,500 E19 E53

06-20-07 <500 1,500 14,000 E130 1,700 E24 E34

06-18-08 <200 490 5,800 E60 1,100 E20 E23

06-15-09 <20 250 1,000 34 140 E11 E18

06-14-10 <10.0 4,130 940 16.2 43.2 E16 E20

06-21-11 <10 423 936 12.7 182 5.6 20

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 37

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upper aquifer southern plantation—Continued

P1-8

 

06-07-99 <710 <710 <1,400 <710 ND 29,000

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 14,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 16 ND 32,000

06-20-03 <10 E4 <20 <10 ND 270

06-18-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 26

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 28

06-13-06 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 680

06-20-07 <4.0 <4.0 <8.0 <4.0 ND 72

06-18-08 <10 <10 <20 <10 ND 440

06-15-09 <5.0 <5.0 <10 <5.0 ND 220

06-15-10 <1.0 <1.0 – <1.0 ND 335

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 9,900

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 ND 144,000

06-22-00 <10 E2.6 <20 47 – 158,000

06-14-01 <40 <40 <40 <40 ND 37,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 54 11 178,000

06-20-03 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 89,000

06-18-04 <1,300 <1,300 <2,700 <1,300 ND 75,000

06-23-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,000

06-13-06 <5,000 <5,000 <10,000 <5,000 ND 225,000

06-20-07 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 99,000

06-18-08 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 25,000

06-16-09 <2,500 <2,500 <5,000 <2,500 ND 172,000

06-14-10 <10.0 <10.0 – <10.0 ND 9,500

06-21-11 <200 <200 – <200 ND 44,000

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 51,000

06-22-00 <.10 1.2 E.10 16 – 24,000

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 11 ND 20,000

06-12-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 14,000

06-19-03 <400 <400 <800 <400 ND 13,000

06-18-04 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 6,400

06-23-05 <100 <100 <200 <100 ND 4,800

06-13-06 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 ND 32,000

06-20-07 <500 <500 <1,000 <500 ND 17,000

06-18-08 <200 <200 <400 <200 ND 7,400

06-15-09 <20 <20 <40 <20 ND 1,400

06-14-10 <10.0 <10.0 – <10.0 ND 5,100

06-21-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,550

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
38 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cis-DCE

(μg/L)

trans-DCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – – 5.8

06-14-02 <20 276 1,830 31 278 – –

06-19-03 <67 E14 1,800 E34 210 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E5.0 E15

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,700 E30 220 E6.0 E13

06-14-06 – – – – – E7.0 E14

06-18-07 – – – – – E4.0 E8.1

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,700 E28 510 E9.0 E15

06-17-09 <40 E7.3 1,600 49 240 E11 E19

06-15-10 – – – – – E17 E26

06-22-11 <10 <10 1140 26 150 E3.3 7.7

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – – 2.6

06-14-02 <20 69 1,600 72 700 – –

06-19-03 <50 <50 1,200 68 470 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – E4.0 26

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,500 84 650 E4.0 E22

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 E18

06-18-07 – – – – – E3.0 E15

06-17-08 <50 <50 1,400 64 930 E6.0 28

06-17-09 <40 <40 1,400 84 730 E6.0 E35

06-15-10 – – – – – E10 E41

06-22-11 <10 <10 1,400 77 590 E1.4 19

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.57

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-21-07 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-17-08 – – – – – E.26 <5.0

06-17-09 – – – – – <25 <25

06-15-10 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.1 <.2 <5.0 <5.0

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 .30 <.50 1.0 – –

06-20-00 – – – – – – 0.26

06-12-01 – – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 E.60 <1.0 1.0 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-14-06 – – – – – <50 <50

06-21-07 – – – – – <25 <25

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 E.53 <1.0 3.0 <20 <20

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 E.42 <1.0 2.1 <50 <50

06-15-10 – – – – – <50 <50

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 .6 <.1 1.8 <5.0 <5.0

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 39

Well or 

piezometer No.

Date 

sampled

1,1,1-TCA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total BTEX

(μg/L)

Total CVOCs

(μg/L)

Intermediate aquifer

MW1-25 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,400

06-19-03 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,100

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 1,900

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,200

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 1,900

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 1,300

MW1-28 06-22-00 – – – – – –

06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 ND 2,400

06-19-03 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 1,700

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 ND 2,200

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-18-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <50 <50 <100 <50 ND 2,400

06-17-09 <40 <40 <80 <40 ND 2,900

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <10 <10 – <10 ND 2,100

MW1-38 06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 ND ND

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-24-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND ND

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 – – – – – –

06-17-09 – – – – – –

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND ND

MW1-39 06-07-99 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.0

06-20-00 – – – – – –

06-12-01 – – – – – –

06-12-02 – – – – – –

06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 1.6

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-14-06 – – – – – –

06-21-07 – – – – – –

06-17-08 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND 3.5

06-17-09 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 ND E.42

06-15-10 – – – – – –

06-22-11 <.1 <.1 – <.1 ND 2.4

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples from monitoring wells and piezometers 

collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2011.

—Continued

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, 2006), Dinicola and Huffman (2004, 2006, 

2007, 2009), and Dinicola and Huffman (2011). Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 1,1,1-TCA, 

1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 

and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; M, presence verified but not quantified; μg/L, 

microgram per liter; <, actual value is less than value shown; ND, not detected; –, not analyzed]
40 Groundwater Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2011

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http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Huffman and Frans—Geochemical and Selected Volatile Organic Compound Data, OU1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Keyport, Washington, June 2011—Data Series 731