| Laboratory Animal Facilities and ManagementAnimal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library |
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**ISSN:  1052-5378**
***Quick Bibliography Series*, QB 95-17 January 1985 - March 1995 541 citations from AGRICOLA March 1995 Also see:   Information Resources for Animal Facility Sanitation and Cage Wash, 2003**

*Compiled By:***D'Anna J.B. Jensen**Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351**Go to:** About the *Quick Bibliography Series*Document Delivery InformationNational Agricultural Library Cataloging RecordSearch StrategyAuthor IndexSubject IndexNational Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Jensen, D'Anna J.B.   Laboratory animal facilities and management, January 1985- March 1995.   (Quick bibliography series ; 95-17)   1. Laboratory animals--Management--Bibliography. 2. Facility management--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-17 Search Strategy Set    Description  S1     (LABORATORY OR EXPERIMENTAL)()ANIMAL?? S2     (BREEDING OR MANAGEMENT OR HOUSING OR CAGE? OR CAGING        OR FACILIT?) S3     S1 AND S2 S4     S3 AND PY=1985:1995 S5     RD (unique items)  1                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.J55 Breeding and care for wild woodchucks (Marmota monax) by indoor and outdoor housing Shiga, J.; Yamamoto, K.; Ito, M.; Koshimizu, K. Tokyo : Keio University School of Medicine; 1989 Apr. Jikken dobutsu; experimental animals v. 38 (2): p. 155-158. ill; 1989 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  Japanese  Descriptors: Marmot; Animal husbandry; Animal housing; Breeding; Carcinoma; Neoplasms; Disease models; Domestication   2                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 1985 buyer's guide. New York : Media Horizons; 1985 Oct. Lab animal v. 13 (7): 93 p.; 1985 Oct.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Buyers' guides; Directories; Boxes; Cages; Equipment; Diets; Veterinary services   3                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, and nutritional myodegeneration in a rabbit breeding colony. Yamini, B.; Stein, S. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Feb15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 194 (4): p. 561-562. ill; 1989 Feb15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Abortion; Fetal death; Neonatal mortality; Nutritional muscular dystrophy; Symptoms; Vitamin e   4                                     NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Acute restraint device for rhesus monkeys. Robbins, D.O.; Zwick, H.; Leedy, M.; Stearns, G. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1986 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 36 (1): p. 68-70. ill; 1986 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Restraint of animals; Immobilization; Cages; Design   5                                     NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Adrenal and body temperature changes in rabbits exposed to varying effective temperatures. Besch, E.L.; Brigmon, R.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 31-34; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Temperature; Body temperature; Adrenal glands; Stress; Corticosterone; Blood plasma  Abstract:  Eight adult New Zealand White rabbits were exposed individually, in series, to each of 23 effective temperatures (teff) until body temperature (tb) increased 1.1 degree C or for a period of 2 hours. Body temperature was measured to the nearest 0.1 degree C using FM radio transmitters in the pre- test (baseline) condition and at 2 minute intervals during the test conditions where teff ranged between 21.7 and 34.7 degrees C. The frequency at which the rabbits displayed a 1.1 degree C rise in tb was related to the magnitude of the teff, with 100% of the rabbits manifesting this change at teff greater than 30.2 degrees C. At teff of 28.4 through 30.2 degrees C, some, but not all, of the rabbits showed a 1.1 degree C rise in tb whereas none displayed the 1.1 degree C rise in tb at teff below 28.4 degrees C. The mean time necessary for the 1.1 degree C rise in tb was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) to the magnitude of the teff. The significantly (P < 0.01) elevated plasma corticosterone in rabbits exhibiting 0.6 degrees C and 1.1 degree C rise in tb suggests that those animals were stressed physiologically by the experimental procedure. It is concluded that the conditions associated with increased tb induce physiological changes commonly associated with stressors and that the techniques reported herein should be useful in establishing upper environmental temperature limits for housing rabbits.   6                                       NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Advances in the management of primates kept for biomedical research. Sainsbury, A.W.; London; Mew, J.A.; Purton, P.; Eaton, B.D.; Cooper, J.E. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (2): p. 87-101. ill; 1990 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmosets; Macaca fascicularis; Laboratory rearing; Animal welfare; Cages; Diet; Restraint of animals; Identification; Medical research  Abstract:  Changes in the management of colonies of Long- tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) kept atthe Royal College of Surgeons Research Establishment are outlined. Over the courseof a year the welfare of the macaques has been improved by a series of changesin their housing coupled with modifications in their diet. In addition a newsystem of chemically immobilizing the macaques has been advised. Advances in marmoset management have been less far reaching but a prototype of a new housing system is being built, a number of studies are inprogress aimed at enriching the environment and a change in diet has been carriedout. These developments are discussed in the context of increasingconcern over the need to house and manage primates under optimum conditions.   7                                    NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures. Morton, D.B. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Nov. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 18: p. 29-39; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  This paper highlights the areas in which refinement, with the specific aim of reducing laboratory animal pain, distress and anxiety, can be achieved. Good husbandry and housing which meet the animals' behavioural needs, careful and gentle handling, competence in carrying out scientific Procedures, and alleviation of any unwanted side- effects, are all of paramount importance. Whilst "suffering" cannot easily be tightly defined, it is essential to recognise when an animal is suffering so that its alleviation can be instigated.   8                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Allergy to laboratory mice and rats: a review of its prevention, management, and treatment. Hunskaar, S.; Fosse, R.T. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 27 (3): p. 206-221; 1993 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Allergies; Laboratory animals  Abstract:  Allergy to laboratory animals is reviewed from a management point of view. Personnel issues, medical therapy, legal aspects, animal house environments and work routines are discussed. Modern methods of medical treatments are presented but it is recommended that environmental control should be given priority over drugs. Several ventilation and building design systems are reviewed from an ALA viewpoint. New technology (including down-ventilated benches, ventilated cages) is reviewed and possible effectiveness analysed. These systems, though potentially of value, lack adequate testing under clinical conditions. We conclude that there are many clinically untested techniques that remain to be proven and whose efficacy has not been documented.   9                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Alternatives to chronic restraint of nonhuman primates. Morton, W.R.; Knitter, G.H.; Smith, P.M.; Susor, T.G.; Schmitt, K. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Nov15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 191 (10): p. 1282-1286. ill; 1987 Nov15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Restraint of animals; Cages   10                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Alternatives to continuous social housing. Bayne, K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 355-359; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal housing; Environment; Enrichment  Abstract:  Although social housing is desirable for social species of nonhuman primates, circumstances arise whereby social housing is precluded (for example, certain kinds of infectious disease or toxicologic research, when the health of the animal(s) would be compromised by social housing, and animals which respond behaviorally in an inappropriate manner to social housing). Nonsocial alternatives that provide increased environmental complexity to the home cage should then be considered. Nonsocial "environmental enrichment" schemes can be designed to enhance the expression of an individually housed nonhuman primate's locomotive/postural, manipulative, and foraging behaviors. In this way, nonsocial, but species-typical, behaviors can be promoted in the single cage housing condition.   11                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter monitoring) in caged monkeys. Vogel, A.P.; Jaax, G.P.; Tezak-Reid, T.M.; Baskin, S.I.; Bartholomew, J.L. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 16-20; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Electrocardiography; Monitoring  Abstract:  A swivel-tethering and jacket system was used in conjunction with vinyl patch electrodes and Holter recorders to obtain continuous ECG recordings in 12 rhesus monkeys on a long-term (12 day) study. Animals were custom-fitted with nylon mesh jackets that were connected to a swivel unit by a flexible, stainless steel tether. Lead wires from the chest electrodes passed through the tether to the electrical swivel apparatus located at the top of the cage. Wires from the upper part of the swivel were attached to a reel-to-reel Holter recorder. This technique was used to obtain 24-h continuous ECG recordings, which were later processed using a computer- assisted Holter analysis system.   12                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Animal boredom: is a scientific study of the subjective experiences of animals possible?. Wemelsfelder, F. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985, reprinted 1984. Advances in animal welfare science 1985).: p. 115-154; 1985, reprinted 1984. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Laboratory animals; Animal behavior; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Stress; Boredom   13                                     NAL Call. No.: QH432.E9 Animal breeding practice. Webb, A.J. Oxford, UK : CAB; 1989. Evolution and animal breeding : reviews on molecular and quantitative approaches in honour of Alan Robertson / edited by William G. Hill and Trudy F.C. Mackay. p. 195-202; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Animal breeding; Quantitative genetics; Selection; Genetic variation; Crossing; Population structure; Laboratory animals   14                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Animal caging: is big necessarily better?. Bantin, G.C.; Sanders, P.D. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (1): p. 45-54. ill; 1989 Apr.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Legislation; Animal welfare; Cage size   15                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Animal census with off-the-shelf software. Coons, D.; Haesemeyer, J. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Mar. Lab animal v. 15 (2): p. 49-50; 1986 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Censuses; Computer applications   16                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Animal cubicles: questions, answers, options, opinions. Hessler, J.R. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Lab animal v. 22 (4): p. 21-22, 24-25, 28-36; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing   17                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Animal facilities: planning for flexibility. Graves, R.G. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1990 Sep. Lab animal v. 19 (6): p. 29-32, 37-40, 42, 44, 46, 48-50. ill; 1990 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal housing; Laboratory animals   18                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Animal facility portable sinks. Kirk, K. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Feb. Lab animal v. 21 (2): p. 50-54; 1992 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory equipment; Mobile equipment   19                                 NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 The animal house: design, equipment and environmental control., 6th ed. Clough, G. London : Longman; 1987. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals / edited by Trevor B. Poole; editorial assistant, Ruth Robinson. p. 108-143; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Structural design; Laboratory equipment; Environmental control   20                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Animal house stock control based on bar-coded cage labels. Wootton, R. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1985 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 19 (4): p. 359-367. ill; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Information services; Inventories; Data collection; Computers; Records; Stocks; Animal husbandry   21                                 NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 Animal production and breeding methods., 6th ed. Festing, M.F.W. London : Longman; 1987. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals / edited by Trevor B. Poole; editorial assistant, Ruth Robinson. p. 18-34; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal production; Breeding methods; Animal breeding   22                                     NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Animal regulations: so far, so good. Holden, C. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1987 Nov13. Science v. 238 (4829): p. 880-882. ill; 1987 Nov13.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Regulations; Facilities; Laboratories; Animal welfare; Standards; Usda   23                            NAL Call. No.: KF27.A33277 1990f Animal research facilities protection joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, February 28, 1990. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture; United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 4.Ag 8/1:101-52. iv, 176 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Serial no. 101-52.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Criminal procedure; Laboratories; Animal welfare; Laboratory animals   24                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 "Animal research protocol management system". DeWees, D.L.; Silverman, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Oct. Lab animal v. 21 (9): p. 54-56, 58, 60; 1992 Oct.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Computer software   25                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Animal research review in an industrial facility. Knauff, D.R. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (special issue): p. 129-131; 1987 Jan.  In the series analytic: Effective animal care and use committees / edited by F.B. Orlans, R.C. Simmonds, W.J. Dodds.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Laboratory animals; Animal research; Animal welfare; Regulations; Industry; Animal experiments; Committees   26                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.738 Animal Resource Facility training program a training program in laboratory animal care & use..  Animal training videotape Manual for general information related to animal research Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center Lubbock, Tex. : Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center,; 1987. 1 videocassette (42 min.) : Db sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 manual.  VHS.  Title on label: Animal training videotape.  Title on manual: A manual of general information related to animal research.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Law and legislation; United States; Animal experimentation   27                              NAL Call. No.: HV4930.W45 1993 Animal use in Department of Defense research facilities an analysis of "Annual reports of research facility" filed with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1986-1991. Weichbrod, Robert H. c1993; 1993. xii, 262 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.  Vita.  Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-253).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experimentation   28                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Ankylosis of hock joints in group caged male B6C3F1 mice. Rao, G.N.; Lindsey, J.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 417-421. ill; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Strains; Pathogen free animals; Males; Cages; Joints (animal); Ankylosis; Hocks  Abstract:  Enlarged hock joints were observed during 1983 in B6C3F1 mice of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies sponsored by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Subsequently, approximately 9,500 B5C3F1 mice on 32 NTP chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity studies were evaluated for this condition by clinical examination. Group caged male B6C3F1 mice had thickening and reduced mobility of the hock joints at prevalences of 1.2% up to 6 months of age; 23% at 6 to 12 months of age; and 62% at 13 to 26 months of age. Group caged female B6C3F1 mice had a prevalence of 2% or less. Histologically, affected mice had periarticular exostoses on the bones of the hock joints, with formation of bony bridges around joints and deposition of new bone in joint spaces, resulting in partial or complete ankylosis. Individually caged male and female B6C3F1 mice were not affected. The cause of the ankylosis was not determined, but its occurrence in the NTP studies has been reduced by individual caging.   29                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Annotated bibliography on uncommonly used laboratory animals: mammals. Fine, J.; Quimby, F.W.; Greenhouse, D.D. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1986. I.L.A.R. news v. 29 (4): p. 3A-38A. ill; 1986.  Literature review.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Mammals; Classification; Animal nutrition; Animal housing; Veterinary services   30                                   NAL Call. No.: QL785.A725 Anticipatory contrast as a measure of time horizons in the rat: some methodological determinants. Lucas, G.A.; Gawley, D.J.; Timberlake, W. Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society; 1988 Nov. Animal learning & behavior v. 16 (4): p. 377-382; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Feeding behavior; Time; Measurement; Food intake; Saccharin; Methodology  Abstract:  In three experiments, the time horizon over which the rat evaluates alternative feeding sources was investigated. The time horizon was measured by the suppression of intake of one incentive (a 0.15% saccharin solution) when a preferred alternative incentive (a 32% sucrose solution) was available but delayed . In Experiment 1, we found a direct function between the amount of saccharin intake and the delay time before access to 32% sucrose. Compared with intake for a saccharin-only control, saccharin intake was suppressed before 4-min and 16-min sucrose delays, but not before a 32-min delay. Because previous work (Flaherty & Checke, 1982) had reported suppression before a delay of nearly 32 min, in the subsequent experiments we examined factors that might account for this difference. In Experiment 2, we found that saccharin intake was suppressed before a 32-min delay interval when saccharin and sucrose solutions were presented in a bright- novel test environment but not when the same solutions were presented in the home cage. In Experiment 3, we found that the time between testing and subsequent postsession feeding could also affect the suppression of saccharin intake. Saccharin intake was suppressed when access to 32% sucrose was delayed by 32 min and the test situation was followed by immediate postsession feeding, but not when postsession feeding was delayed by 90 min. These results thus extend estimates of the rat's time horizon to at least 32 min, but indicate that the effective time horizon can vary, depending on the test situation.   31                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 The application of embryo transfer and cryopreservation to commercial laboratory animal breeding. Cryopreservation of mouse strains by a quick freezing method. Dagnaes-Hansen, F. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 375-378; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Strains; Embryos (animal); Transfers; Freezing; Preservation   32                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The application of scid mouse technology to questions in reproductive biology. Croy, B.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 123-126; 1993 Apr.  Paper presented at a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Immune competence; Mice  Abstract:  Mice expressing the scid gene have been used to study major questions in the field of reproductive immunology. Transfer of Mus caroli embryos to the uteri of pseudopregnant scid/scid mice disproved the hypothesis that antigen-specific immune rejection of fetuses was occurring in this model of midgestational pregnancy failure. The results of breeding studies of mice having the scid/scid.bg/bg genotype suggested that uterine lymphocytes have little or no role in promoting embryonic survival under pathogen-free conditions. Further, the results of in vitro studies using uterine lymphocytes from these immunodeficient mice suggested that the cytokines important for pregnancy success were not lymphocyte-derived. Xenogeneic engraftment of embryonic and uterine tissues into scid/scid and scid/scid.bg/bg mice is also successful and has the potential for facilitating studies of the fetomaternal interface in domestic animal species, such as cows and horses, as well as in humans.   33                             NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Applied primate ecology: evaluation of environmental changes intended to promote psychological well-being., 1st ed.;. Erwin, J.M. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 180-188; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal welfare; Environmental factors; Social environment; Cages   34                                     NAL Call. No.: SF406.L2 Are we ready for the future? Possibilities for laboratory animal science. Dayan, A.D. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services for Laboratory Animals; 1988. Laboratory Animal Science Association Silver Jubilee 1988 : collected papers to celebrate LASA's 25th anniversary / edited by J.H. Seamer. p. 36-42; 1988.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Facilities; Research; Animal testing alternatives   35                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Aspergillus rhinitis in Wistar (Crl:(WI)BR) rats. Rehm, S.; Waalkes, M.P.; Ward, J.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 162-166. ill; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Strains; Aspergillus fumigatus; Rhinitis; Histopathology  Abstract:  In two separate 24 month studies on the carcinogenic effect of single cadmium chloride injections in male Wistar (CR1:(WI)BR) rats, a total of 22% (129/597) of animals studied histologically were found to have chronic suppurative rhinitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. The diagnosis was based on characteristic conidial heads present in the sections, and positive methenamine-Grocott (GMS) staining of septate hyphae with dichotomous branching at angles of 45 degrees. Fungal hyphae balls, surrounded by a wall of neutrophilic granulocytes, were found in areas of the naso-  and maxilloturbinates and occasionally caused complete blockage of the nasal passages. The underlying tissue showed an inflammatory response. In sections from 32 of the 129 cases (25% of the cases), epithelial necrosis and hemorrhage were indicative of fungal tissue invasion, but without dissemination to other organs. The infection rate was unaffected by the cadmium treatment or the location of rats in different cages. Positive antibody titers to Sendai and sialodacryoadenitis viruses suggested that transient inflammation of the upper respiratory tract rendered the mucosa susceptible to the fungal infection. The infection appeared to be sustained by growth around foreign bodies (hairs and plant material). Although focal squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium with hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis occurred more frequently in rats with Aspergillus rhinitis, the incidence of tumors of the nasal cavities was not affected.   36                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Assessing laboratory life for golden hamsters: social preference, caging selection, and human interaction. Arnold, C. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Feb. Lab animal v. 23 (2): p. 34-37; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Golden hamsters; Social behavior; Cages; Floors; Man; Interactions; Handling   37                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Assessment of discomfort in gallstone-bearing mice: a practical example of the problems encountered in an attempt to recognize discomfort in laboratory animals. Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Bertens, A.P.M.G.; Havenaar, R.; Hesp, A.P.M.; Zutphen, L.F.M. van Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 21 (1): p. 35-42. ill; 1987 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Biliary calculi; Pain; Symptoms; Animal husbandry; Animal housing; Diets  Abstract:  In order to obtain practical experience on the recognition, assessment and evaluation of discomfort in laboratory animals, the degree of discomfort was studied in gallstone-free and gallstone-bearing mice. Out of nine parameters to which scores were assigned per individual mouse, only the response to palpation of the right hypochrondrium was found to score significantly higher in gallstone-bearing mice. That is, the incidence of squeaking and the magnitude of muscular contractions were significantly higher in these animals compared with the gallstone-free mice. The stance of the gallstone-bearing mice also tended to be abnormal, although the difference between gallstone-free and gallstone- bearing animals did not reach statistical significance. Although this study does not prove unequivocally that the induction of gallstones per se causes discomfort or pain in mice, we tentatively conclude that it does. We feel that this should be taken into account in any projected work in which gallstone induction in animals may occur. There was considerable between-assessor variation in the assignment of scores to the variables used to assess discomfort, including the response to palpation. It is concluded that the selection of parameters and the experience and/or attitude of the assessor are critically important when the magnitude of discomfort, if any, is assessed in experimental animals.   38                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Atherosclerosis in modified WHHL rabbits. Richards, T.; Horlock, H.; Gallagher, P. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1986 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 37 (1): p. 1-6; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbit feeding; Diets; Atherosclerosis; Breeding programs; Hyperlipemia   39                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 An attempt to eradicate Herpesvirus simiae from a rhesus monkey breeding colony. Sauber, J.J.; Fanton, J.W.; Harvey, R.C.; Golden, J.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 458-462; 1992 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Herpesviridae   40                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The automated animal care facility. Miller, L. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1990 Sep. Lab animal v. 19 (6): p. 54-56; 1990 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Automation   41                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Automation of the animal care facility. Clark, B. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 Oct. Lab animal v. 22 (10): p. 27-32; 1993 Oct.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Information processing   42                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Avoiding undue cortisol responses to venipuncture in adult male rhesus macaques. Reinhardt, V.; Cowley, D.; Eisele, S.; Scheffler, J. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (2): p. 83-86; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Blood sampling; Stress; Hydrocortisone; Cages  Abstract:  Six single-caged adult male rhesus monkeys were venipunctured in their homecage and, on a different day, away from their cage in a restraint apparatus. The animals were habituated to both procedures and readily presented a leg for blood collection without being mechanically immobilized. The time required to draw a blood sample was less than 2 minutes for both procedures. Serum cortisol concentrations were equivalent in blood samples collected at 1200 h when the animals were in the restraint apparatus (average = 15.3 +/- 4.4 microgram dl) and when the animals were in their homecages (average = 15.7 +/- 2.4 microgram/dl; p > 0.1). Cortisol concentrations during a second venipuncture at 1215 h were significantly higher during blood collection in the restraint apparatus (average = 23.2 +/- 4.7 microgram/dl) than during blood collection in the homecage (average = 17.7 +/- 5.0 microgram/dl; p < 0.05). The magnitude of cortisol increase during the 15 minutes was significant (52%; p < 0.025) when the males were venipunctured in the restraint apparatus but not (13%; p > 0.1) when they were venipunctured in the homecage. It was concluded that venipuncture per se was not a physiologically distressing event for the males. It became distressing only when it was associated with a temporary removal from the homecage. In-homecage venipuncture is therefore recommended as an alternative to venipuncture in a restraint apparatus for those research protocols that require blood samples from undisturbed experimental monkeys.   43                                   NAL Call. No.: SF406.3.B4 Behavior and well-being of laboratory animals. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, [1986?]; 1986. 15 p. ; 28 cm. (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science monograph series ; 1).  Presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Housing; Congresses; Animal behavior; Congresses; Animal welfare; Congresses   44                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Behavioral and physiologic effects of inapparent wound infection in rats. Bradfield, J.F.; Schachtman, T.R.; McLaughlin, R.M.; Steffen, E.K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (6): p. 572-578; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Wounds; Latent infections  Abstract:  There is a common notion that rats are resistant to postoperative wound infection because many recover from surgery performed under nonsterile conditions. As a result, nonaseptic surgical techniques are used commonly in rat surgery. Our aim was to determine if these techniques cause wound infection and, if so, whether or not the infection, inapparent to casual observation, creates measurable changes in rat physiology and behavior. Rats subjected to craniotomies or laparotomies and inoculated with 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa or sterile saline were tested for open-field activity, freezing behavior, home-cage behavior score, and wheel-running activity. Physiologic indices included lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose, plasma fibrinogen, complete blood counts, wound bacterial counts and histology scores, body temperature, and body weight. Although no clinical signs were detected by postoperative observation, rats inoculated with bacteria were significantly less active in the open field and the duration of freezing behavior was shorter. Plasma fibrinogen, serum glucose, total white blood cell counts, and wound histology scores were significantly altered in the bacteria-inoculated rats. These findings underscore the need for sterile techniques in rat surgery to avoid confounding experimental data.   45                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.N48 Behavioral enrichment for primates: what are the options?. Heath, S.J. Bethesda, Md. : The Center; 1987. Newsletter - Scientists Center for Animal Welfare v. 9 (1): p. 11-12. ill; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Institutions; Animal experiments; Facilities; Animal behavior; Television   46                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Behaviour, housing and welfare of non-human primates. Poole, T.B. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 231-237; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Cages; Laboratory rearing   47                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The behaviour of group penned and individually caged laboratory rabbits. Podberscek, A.L.; Blackshaw, J.K.; Beattie, A.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (4): p. 353-363; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Group behavior; Pens; Cages; Animal behavior   48                                     NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Billion dollar price tag for new animal rules. Holden, C. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1988 Nov04. Science v. 242 (4879): p. 662-663; 1988 Nov04.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Primates; Facilities; Costs; Regulations; Law; Animal welfare; Exercise; Cages; Medical research   49                                     NAL Call. No.: QH432.E9 The biochemical control of quantitative traits. Bulfield, G. Oxford, UK : CAB; 1989. Evolution and animal breeding : reviews on molecular and quantitative approaches in honour of Alan Robertson / edited by William G. Hill and Trudy F.C. Mackay. p. 227-231; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal breeding; Biochemistry; Molecular genetics; Quantitative traits; Chickens; Mice   50                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Birth of a hemophilic dog colony. Tinlin, S.J.; Brosseau, L.D.; Giles, A.R.; Greenwood, R.; Greenwood, P.; Hoogendoorn, H. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 127-131. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Management; Breeding programs; Facilities; Hemophilia   51                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.558 Breaking barriers produced by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Washington, D.C. : PETA,; 1986. 1 videocassette (16 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS format.  A PETA video.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animals, Treatment of; Laboratory animals; Housing; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   52                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A breeding colony of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Snowdon, C.T.; Savage, A.; McConnell, P.B. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (5): p. 477-480; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Animal breeding methods; Animal housing; Handling; Callithricidae   53                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.L28 Breeding, housing and care of laboratory animals. Solleveld, H.A.; McAnulty, P.; Ford, J.; Peters, P.W.J.; Tesh, J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1986. Laboratory animals : laboratory animal models for domestic animal production / edited by E.J. Ruitenberg and P.W.J. Peters. p. 1-46. ill; 1986. (World animal science. C, Production-system approach ; 2.).  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Animal breeding; Breeding programs; Germ free husbandry; Nutritional state; Cage rearing; Zoonoses   54                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Breeding of the gad-mdx mouse: influence of genetically induced denervation on dystrophic muscle fibers. Suh, J.G.; Yamazaki, A.; Tomita, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (1): p. 42-46; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Animal breeding; Genes; Muscle fibers; Muscular dystrophy; Disease models; Animal proteins; Creatine kinase; Enzyme activity; Spinal cord   55                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Breeding of wild-caught rodent Cricetidae Holochilus brasiliensis under laboratory conditions. Mello, D.A. London : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1986 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 20 (3): p. 195-196; 1986 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Brazil; Rodents; Animal breeding methods; Animal husbandry   56                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The breeding of Xenopus laevis on a large scale in the laboratory. Davys, J.S. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1986 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 37 (3): p. 217-223. ill; 1986 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Toads; Animal breeding; Animal housing; Laboratory rearing   57                                  NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9C56 Breeding primates in zoos. King, N.E.; Mitchell, G. New York : A.R. Liss, 1986-; 1986. Comparative primate biology. v. 2, pt. B p. 219-261; 1986.  Volume 2, Part B: Behavior, cognition, and motivation / edited by G. Mitchell and J. Erwin. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal breeding; Estrous cycle; Zoological gardens; Genera; Species   58                               NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Breeding program and population standards of the Gottingen miniature swine. Glodek, P. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 23-37; 1986. Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20, 1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Boars; Sows; Animal breeding; Breeding programs; Pig breeds; Litter size   59                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A built-in perch for primate squeeze cages. Watson, D.S.B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 378-379; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Cages; Perches; Usage; Sex differences   60                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Bytes in the animal house. Fenn, C.; Howard, B.R. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (3): p. 203-209; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory rearing; Computer software; Record keeping  Abstract:  The animal unit like any other production system, is subjected to external constraints. To avoid breeding animals surplus to requirements, to detect early changes in reproductive performance and to ensure financial equilibrium regular examination of many records is required. A computer programme has been developed to present, weekly, a series of performance figures which greatly assist the unit manager in achieving this surveillance. The programme is written for an inexpensive IBM compatible computer (Amstrad 1512). Basic is very widely understood and although slow, allows easy modification to suit changes in requirements or to interface with current recording practices. Animal technicians are urged to become more familiar with computers and to be prepared to use them as an aid to good husbandry.   61                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cage design and configuration for an arboreal species of primate. Williams, L.E.; Abee, C.R.; Barnes, S.R.; Ricker, R.B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 289-291; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Species; Squirrel monkeys; Cage size; Design; Animal housing; Building materials  Abstract:  The squirrel monkey (genus Saimiri) is an arboreal primate from equatorial South America. This species forms large social groups that consist of multiple females and males of varying ages, from infant to adult. As the use of squirrel monkeys in research continues to grow, an understanding of optimal cage design and environment is essential. The University of South Alabama Primate Research Laboratory houses a breeding colony of 350 squirrel monkeys. Each group cage, measuring 4.5 x 2.5 x 1.5 meters, can contain up to 20 animals. A breeding group consists of one adult male, eight to ten females, and varying numbers of infant and juvenile animals. In order to determine the most suitable cage environment for the squirrel monkey, a series of studies were carried out to compare various perch materials and cage configurations. Squirrel monkeys preferred a poly-vinyl- chloride pipe perch (rigid) over rope perches (non-rigid). When provided with multiple levels of perches, all levels were used. Males tended to distribute their activities randomly at different levels. In a two tiered perch arrangement, females concentrated 67% of their social activity on the top tier. In a triple tier configuration, females concentrated 66% of their travel on the top tier. These results indicate that by creating a cage environment with multiple tiers of horizontal perches the effective cage space can be doubled or tripled. This provides an effective means of reducing population density without enlarging the dimensions of the cage or reducing social group size.   62                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cage design and configuration for arboreal reptiles. Mason, R.T.; Hoyt, R.F. Jr; Pannell, L.K.; Wellner, E.F.; Demeter, B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 84-86; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Reptiles; Cages; Design   63                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.8 J824 Cage design for the confinement of deer and goats infested with ectoparasites. Cooksey, L.M.; Davey, R.B. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of Parasitologists; 1988 Oct. The Journal of parasitology v. 74 (5): p. 891-893. ill; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Odocoileus Virginianus; Cages; Design; Laboratory rearing; Ectoparasitoses; Boophilus annulatus   64                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Cage design reduces emotionality in mice. Chamove, A.S. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 215-219; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Layout; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Adrenal glands; Weight; Activity; Stress  Abstract:  To see if a more natural cage design would alter the reactivity of laboratory mice, 192 mice were reared in cages with (1) no dividers, (2) five vertical dividers, (3) nine vertical dividers, or (4) nine vertical dividers and one horizontal platform. The mice preferred the most complex cages, and on almost all measures they were less emotional when reared in the more complex cages. Results suggest that a more natural housing environment would lead to healthier animals.   65                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Cage enrichment for female New Zealand white rabbits. Brooks, D.L.; Huls, W.; Leamon, C.; Thomson, J.; Parker, J.; Twomey, S. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 May. Lab animal v. 22 (5): p. 30, 32-33, 36, 38; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Cages; Enrichment   66                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A cage for the ferret. Scharmann, W.; Wolff, D. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 21 (1): p. 43-47. ill; 1987 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ferrets; Animal husbandry; Cages; Design; Handling  Abstract:  A cage for ferrets is described that consists of a plastic box with a metal sliding-grill top and metal front lattice. It contains a new feeding system using dishes that can be removed without opening the cage. The cages are kept in mobile racks and are commercially available.   67                                NAL Call. No.: Z7996.P85C353 Cages, corrals & consequences, housing of monkeys in the lab colony a bibliography, 1976-1986..  Cages, corrals and consequences, housing the monkeys in the lab colony Caminiti, Benella University of Washington, Primate Information Center Seattle : Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington,; 1986. 19 p. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  "Supported in part by Grant No. RR-00166 from the National Institutes of Health."--Cover.  November 1986.  Includes index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Housing; Bibliography; Laboratory animals; Housing; Bibliography; Animal welfare   68                                 NAL Call. No.: Slide no.237 Caging systems, bedding materials, & environmental considerations for laboratory rodents [Stanley P. Liebenberg and Lynn Dahm] ; developed by Northwest Committee for Training in Laboratory Animal Care in collabtoration with H.S. Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington. Liebenberg, Stanley P.; Dahm, Lynn University of Washington, Northwest Committee for Training in Laboratory Animal Care, University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources Seattle, WA : Distributed by H.S. Center for Educational Resources, SB-56, University of Washington,; 1985. 53 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (22 min., 12 sec. : 1 7/8 ips., mono.) + guide. (Training series in laboratory animal care ; LAC-8302).  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Housing; Laboratory animals; Ecology; Rodents as laboratory animals; Rodents; Housing; Animal welfare   69                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Caging systems for dogs under the new standards of the animal welfare act. Britz, W.E. Jr Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 48-52; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 51-52.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Cages; Animal welfare; Legislation   70                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Calomys laucha (Rodentia, Cricetidae): growth and breeding in laboratory conditions. Hodara, V.L.; Espinosa, M.B.; Merani, M.S.; Quintans, C. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 340-344; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calomys; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Growth; Animal breeding; Reproductive efficiency  Abstract:  The husbandry and breeding of Calomys laucha (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in captivity are described. Growth curves based on body weight and length showed statistical differences between sexes after 45 days, males being heavier than females. The overall reproductive efficiency was 53.4% but birth rate was depressed during winter. Gestation length was 21 +/- 1 days and females exhibited postpartum oestrus with a 3-7 day implantation delay (51%). Litter size was 5.3 +/- 1.1 (n = 34). Pup survival at weaning was 84.9%. Mean life span in laboratory conditions was 13.5 months and a cumulative mortality of 90% was reached at 27-28 months of age.   71                                 NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 The canary and other passerine cage birds., 6th ed. Keymer, I.F. London : Longman; 1987. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals / edited by Trevor B. Poole; editorial assistant, Ruth Robinson. p. 687-700; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Aviary birds; Canaries; Biology; Animal husbandry; Laboratory methods; Disease control   72                                  NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9C86 Captive breeding in a source country. Else, J.G. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1986. Current perspectives in primate biology / edited by David M. Taub and Frederick A. King. p. 79-85; 1986.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kenya; Cercopithecidae; Breeding programs; Research institutes   73                           NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9P6713 1984 Captive breeding of callitrichids: a comparison of reproduction and propagation in different species. Stevenson, M.F. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] : Cambridge University Press; 1986. Primate ecology and conservation / edited by James G. Else, Phyllis C. Lee. p. 301-313; 1986.  Paper presented at the "Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the International Primatological Society," July 1984, Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Callithricidae; Animal breeding; Reproduction; Endangered species; Laboratory animals   74                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The captive management of a breeding colony of Ryuku mice (Mus caroli). Castle, J.P.; Marshall, P.E. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (3): p. 191-196; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: South asia; Mus; Wild strains; Laboratory rearing  Abstract:  Ryuku mice (Mus caroli) are a strain of wild mouse, which are indigenous throughout Southern Asia, including the Ryuku Islands from where their name originates. We were requested to set up and maintain a colony because they have different D.N.A. properties from the common laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). This enables a unique cell marking technique to be used, which in this instance is being applied to the study of tooth and gum development.   75                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Care and management of dogs with colostomies. Rogers, D.W.; Tenney, J.B.; Perry, F.W.; Caldwell, F.L. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 421-433. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Colostomy; Management; Animal welfare; Treatment   76                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Care and management of new-born formula-fed cynomolgus monkeys for diarrhoea studies. Yap, K.L.; Awang, A. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (1): p. 5-9; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Newborn animals; Laboratory rearing; Animal housing; Animal feeding; Feed formulation; Disease models; Diarrhea  Abstract:  This paper describes various aspects in the care and management of new-born formula-fed cynomolgus monkeys used for diarrhoea studies. Emphasis was placed on maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract. The procedures described in this report enabled infant monkeys to be reared in a healthy, diarrhoea-free state.   77                              NAL Call. No.: SF406.C35  1992 The Care and use of amphibians, reptiles, and fish in research. Schaeffer, Dorcas O.; Kleinow, Kevin M.; Krulisch, Lee Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.), School of Veterinary Medicine Bethesda, Md. (4805 St. Elmo Ave., Bethesda 20814) : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare,; 1992. vii, 196 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Proceedings from a SCAW/LSUSVM- sponsored conference ... held April 8-9, 1991 in New Orleans, Louisiana ...  November 1992.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Amphibians as laboratory animals; Reptiles as laboratory animals; Fish as laboratory animals   78                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Care and welfare of pre-weaning beagle puppies in a commercial breeding colony. Goodfellow, K.G. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 49-55; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Puppies; Laboratory rearing; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Developments leading to improved puppy care and welfare are constantly being sought in the breeding colony. New ideas about environmental control, pen design, feeding regimes, husbandry and staff training have been introduced and evaluated. The success of each change cannot easily be proved as improvements in puppy health depend upon so many factors. However as a result of a complete care and welfare programme there have been fewer health problems and lower pre-weaning loss, in our colony.   79                                    NAL Call. No.: SF406.S64 The care, breeding and management of experimental animals for research in the tropics. Smith, John B.,; Mangkoewidjojo, Soesanto Canberra : International Development Program, of Australian Universities and College,; 1987. ix, 257 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Bibliography: p. [243]-257.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Tropics; Laboratory animals; Tropics; Care and treatment; Laboratory animals; Breeding; Tropics; Animal welfare   80                                      NAL Call. No.: F591.J6 The care of captive animals: a historical perspective. Brewer, N.R. Manhattan, Kan. : The Journal; 1988 Jan. Journal of the West v. 27 (1): p. 52-60. ill; 1988 Jan.  In the series analytic: Veterinary medicine in the West / edited by O.H.V. Stalheim. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Capture of animals; Zoo animals; History; Facilities; Biographies; Veterinary practice   81                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.971 Carnivores basic needs, handling and care. Morgan, Ronald L. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (31 min., 37 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors ; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Dogs as laboratory animals; Cats as laboratory animals; Ferrets as laboratory animals; Minks as laboratory animals  Abstract:  The basic needs of dogs and cats including air, food, water, environmental controls and social interaction are presented. Available guidelines, regulations, resource information and training manuals are presented. Methods of disease prevention, identification, housing and exercise are discussed. The basic care and handling of farrets and mink is also covered.   82                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Causes and preventive measures of pre-weaning deaths in a New Zealand White rabbit breeding colony. Barry, M.P. Sussex : The Institute; 1994 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 45 (2): p. 111-117; 1994 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Neonatal mortality; Preweaning period; Etiology; Prevention; Laboratory rearing; Cages; Design   83                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The cellular and molecular pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Compton, S.R.; Barthold, S.W.; Smith, A.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 15-28; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Coronavirus; Pathogenesis  Abstract:  Coronaviruses cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals but generally fall into two classes, with respiratory or enteric tropisms. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and rat coronaviruses are the virus most frequently encountered in the laboratory animal setting. This review focuses primarily on the cellular and molecular aspects of MHV pathogenesis. The high mutation and recombination rates of coronaviruses lead to a diverse, ever-changing population of MHV stains. The spike (S) protein is the most variable coronavirus protein and is responsible for binding to cell surface receptors, inducing cell fusion and humoral and cellular immunity. Differences within the S protein of different MHV strains have been linked to their variable tropisms. Since immunity to MHV is strain-specific, seropositive mice can be reinfected with different strains of MHV. Natural infections with MHV are acute, with persistence occurring at the population level, not within an individual mouse, unless it is immunocompromised. Age, genotype, immunologic status of the mouse, and MHV strain influence the type and severity of disease caused by MHV. Interference with research by MHV has been reported primarily in the fields of immunology and tumor biology and may be a reflection of MHV's capacity to grow in several types of immune cells. While many methods are available to diagnose coronavirus infection. serologic tests, primarily ELISA and IFA, are the most commonly used. MHV is best managed on a preventive basis. Elimination of MHV from a population requires cessation of breeding and halting the introduction of naive mice into the population.   84                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Centralisation--decentralisation: failure-success. Hoof, J.A.P. van Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 75-80; 1988.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Management; Technicians; Work organization; Values   85                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Challenging conventional wisdom for housing monkeys. Crockett, C.M.; Bowden, D.M. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Feb. Lab animal v. 23 (2): p. 29-33; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Cage size; Social interaction; Environment; Enrichment   86                                     NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Chimps and research. King, F.A. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1988 Dec02. Science v. 242 (4883): p. 1227; 1988 Dec02.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Chimpanzee; Medical research; Fetus; Tissues; Endangered species; Regulations; Breeding programs   87                                   NAL Call. No.: 500 AM322A Chimps in research--responding to a growing nationwide shortage, federal agencies are developing a controversial plan to manage chimpanzees. Fox, J.L. Arlington, Va. : The Institute; 1985 Feb. BioScience - American Institute of Biological Sciences v. 35 (2): p. 75-76; 1985 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Chimpanzee; Animal husbandry; Animal breeding   88                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Choices in facility computerization. Hardesty, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Jul. Lab animal v. 23 (7): p. 33-36; 1994 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Management; Computer software; Computer hardware   89                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Chronic spinal cord-injured cats: surgical procedures and management. Roy, R.R.; Hodgson, J.A.; Lauretz, S.D.; Pierotti, D.J.; Gayek, R.J.; Edgerton, V.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 335-343; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cats; Animal models; Spine; Trauma   90                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Clinical management of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB rat. Olson, G.A.; Toth, L.; Hinson, A.; Bursi, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1990 Mar. Lab animal v. 19 (2): p. 31-34; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes mellitus; Laboratory rearing; Drug therapy; Medical treatment; Insulin   91                                  NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 A closed colony of squirrel monkeys for laboratory studies. Salzen, E.A. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 115-134. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Laboratory rearing; Animal housing; Cages; Handling; Exercise; Animal feeding; Animal breeding; Animal behavior   92                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 A closed ileal loop technique for microbiological testing in piglets. Thornbury, J.; Carolan, B.; Frogley, J.; Sibbons, P.; Hardy, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (2): p. 71-80. ill; 1990 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Piglets; Ileum; Anastomosis; Enterotoxins; Testing; Animal models  Abstract:  The complete technical procedure for the formation of closed ileal loops is described for enterotoxicity testing in the piglet. This procedure includesa primary end-to-end anastamosis of the remaining non-looped bowel to provide best physiological parameters as possible conditions of test and to facilitate longterm survival. Closed ileal loop formation with primary anastamosis of theremaining bowel to provide gut continuity is a feasible procedure for short and longterm enterotoxicity testing in the piglet.   93                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Clostridium difficile typhlitis associated with cecal mucosal hyperplasia in Syrian hamsters. Ryden, E.B.; Lipman, N.S.; Taylor, N.S.; Rose, R.; Fox, J.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 553-558; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hamsters; Clostridium difficile; Bacterial toxins; Typhlitis; Mortality; Diarrhea; Cecum; Histopathology  Abstract:  A sudden increase in mortality occurred in a closed breeding colony of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The colony consisted of approximately 40 hamsters, 8 of which were affected. Four adult males died suddenly. One pregnant female and one weanling died after having been observed as depressed for 1 day and 2 weeks respectively. One weanling and one adult male were euthanized. All affected hamsters had signs of diarrhea. At necropsy, hemorrhagic fluid-filled ceca were noted in five of eight animals. Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B was present in high titers [10-3 to 10-8] in cecal contents of six of six animals tested, whereas C. difficile culture yielded positive results in only one of six animals. Histopathologically, findings consistent with Clostridium- induced typhlitis including necrosis, epithelial denudation, vascular congestion, and hemorrhage were present in six of six ceca evaluated. In addition, signs of a more chronic disease process included cecal mucosal hyperplasia in five of six hamsters. A silver stain of cecal hyperplastic mucosa for intracellular organisms including Campylobacter-like organisms was negative in all affected hamsters. Antibiotics had not been administrated to any hamster in this colony, nor had the affected animals been experimentally manipulated. Testing for antibiotic residues in the feed was negative, and C. difficile was not isolated from feed, water, or feces of unaffected hamsters. Thus C. difficile-induced typhlitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of deaths in hamsters which have no clinical histories of prior antibiotic administration or experimental manipulation. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the presence of C. difficile cytotoxin. The relationship of cecal mucosal hyperplasia and proliferation of toxigenic C. difficile requires further study.   94                                  NAL Call. No.: SF406.3.C58 Code of practice for the housing and care of animals used in scientific procedures. London : H.M.S.O.,; 1989. v, 33 p. ; 30 cm.  Presented pursuant to Act Eliz. II 1986 C.14 Section 21 (Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986).  Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Housing; Law and legislation; Great Britain; Animal welfare; Law and legislation; Great Britain; Laboratory animals; Law and legislation; Great Britain   95                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Combined simian hemorrhagic fever and Ebola virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys. Dalgard, D.W.; Hardy, R.J.; Pearson, S.L.; Pucak, G.J.; Quander, R.V.; Zack, P.M.; Peters, C.J.; Jahrling, P.B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 152-157; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Virginia; Macaca fascicularis; Ebola virus; Viruses; Mixed infections; Symptoms; Outbreaks; Public health; Case reports  Abstract:  Simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) virus and a new strain of Ebola virus were isolated concurrently in recently imported cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) being maintained in a quarantine facility. Ebola virus had never been isolated in the U.S. previously and was presumed to be highly pathogenic for humans. A chronology of events including measures taken to address the public health concerns is presented. The clinicopathologic features of the disease were abrupt anorexia, splenomegaly, marked elevations of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, with less prominent elevations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and other serum chemistry parameters. Histologically, fibrin deposition, hemorrhage, and necrosis of lymphoid cells and reticular mononuclear phagocytes were present in the spleens of SHF and of Ebola virus-infected animals. Intravascular fibrin thrombi and hemorrhage were also present in the renal medulla and multifocally in the gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis of lymphoid and epithelial cells was occasionally noted in the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathologic findings considered specific for Ebola virus infection include hepatocellular necrosis, necrosis of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and interstitial pneumonia, all of which were generally associated with the presence of 1 to 4 micro intracytoplasmic amphophilic inclusion bodies. The disease spread within rooms despite discontinuation of afl direct contact with animals, and droplet or aerosol transmission was suspected. Antibody to Ebola virus developed in animal handlers but no clinical disease was noted, suggesting a less virulent strain of virus. SHF is recognized as a fulminating fatal pathogen for monkeys and previous experimental Ebola infections in monkeys resulted in rapid death. The disease noted in this outbreak progressed slowly within a room and spread was measured in weeks rather than days. When an animal expressed clinical si   96                               NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Commercial pig pen modifications for housing miniature swine during chronic studies. Semple, H.A.; Berzins, R.; Coutts, R.T.; Secord, D.C.; Tam, Y.K. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 153-157. ill; 1986.  Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20, 1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Pig housing; Modifications; Design   97                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.C64 Common diseases and medical management of rodents and lagomorphs. Collins, B.R. New York, N.Y. : Churchill Livingstone; 1988. Contemporary issues in small animal practice v. 9: p. 261-316; 1988.  In the series analytic: Exotic animals / edited by E.R. Jacobson and G.V. Kollias Jr.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Lagomorpha; Antibiotics; Anesthetics; Neoplasms; Parasitism; Metabolic diseases; Infectious diseases; Treatment   98                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Comparison of feeding methods for behavioural experiments with rats. Davies, K.; Hynard-Naylor, V. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1986 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 37 (1): p. 45-49; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rat feeding; Animal behavior; Animal housing; Age; Body weight; Starvation   99                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Comparison of gavage, water bottle, and a high-moisture diet bolus as dosing methods for quantitative D-xylose administration to B6D2F1 (Mus musculus) mice. Zimmer, J.P.; Lewis, S.M.; Moyer, J.L. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 164-170; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Drug delivery systems  Abstract:  Gavage, water bottle, and diet incorporation are 3 dosing methods used orally to administer test compounds to rodents. These 3 methods were compared in mice to determine which represented the most quantitative delivery system. For dietary incorporation, a high-moisture bolus form of NIH-31 rodent meal was developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as an autoclave-stable binding agent. A high-moisture bolus was selected to increase the acceptability of the dosed diet and to promote quantitative consumption through reduced wastage. The test compound used was D-xylose, a pentose sugar that may be quantitatively detected, colorimetrically, in urine following oral dosing. Six male and 6 female B6D2F1 mice were placed in metabolism cages and dosed with a known quantity of D-xylose by each of the 3 methods. Urine was collected before and after each method of administration and analysed for total D-xylose; the per cent recovery was based upon the amount of D-xylose consumed. Quantitative consumption was apparently greatest for water bottle dosing with an average recovery of 56.0% of the original D-xylose dose. High- moisture bolus incorporation ranked second with 56.0% D-xylose recovery, and gavage was third with 41.0% D-xylose recover.   100                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A comparison of rodent caging systems based on microenviromental parameters. Corning, B.F.; Lipman, N.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 498-503; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Environmental temperature; Carbon dioxide; Relative humidity; Ammonia  Abstract:  Four different mouse caging systems were evaluated for microenvironmental temperature, carbon dioxide, relative humidity (RH) and ammonia levels during a 7-day testing period. All caging systems evaluated had polycarbonate bases and consisted of either a molded polyester (MP) filter lid, one of two different polycarbonate filter lids, or no filter lid which served as a control. At 50% macroenvironmental RH (study I), all systems maintained an intracage temperature of 75.5 degrees F +/- 0.5 degrees. Both polycarbonate systems averaged > 2200 ppm of carbon dioxide more than the MP system and the controls. When compared with RH in the control cages, RH levels averaged over 20% and 5 to 8% RH greater in the polycarbonate filter lid systems and the MP system, respectively. There were no appreciable ammonia levels in either the MP or control systems. In the polycarbonate filter lid systems, ammonia levels were detectable on day 4 and were > 200 ppm by day 6. At 20% macroenvironmental RH (study II), there was a proportional 15 to 30% RH decrease from study I levels. Ammonia levels were undetectable in any system until day 7 and averaged only 17 ppm in one of the polycarbonate systems. Minimal differences were observed in studies III, IV and V when pine shavings were used instead of hardwood chips, a CD-1 stock instead of a DBA/2J strain, and different grades of filter inserts in the polycarbonate systems, respectively.   101                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of several combinations for anesthesia in rabbits. Hobbs, B.A.; Rolhall, T.G.; Sprenkel, T.L.; Anthony, K.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 669-674; 1991 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Injectable anesthetics; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Reflexes; Safety  Abstract:  Few safe and effective anesthesia regimens have been described for use in rabbits, partially because of the susceptibility of this species to sometimes fatal respiratory depression. Although inhalant anesthetics are generally safer than injectable anesthetics, their use may be limited by lack of equipment or facilities. This study was conducted to compare effects of several injectable anesthetics in rabbits on response to noxious stimuli, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Six injectable anesthetic combinations were administered to rabbits: xylazine-ethyl-(l-methyl-propyl) malonyl-thio-urea salt (EMTU), ketamine-EMTU, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine- acepromazine-ketamine (XAK), ketamine-chloral hydrate, and ketamine-xylazine. All combinations induced a depression of respiratory rate. Although rectal temperature values were reduced to some degree in each group, the most profound hypothermia was induced by XAK. The combination that induced the longest duration of anesthesia was XAK. It was concluded that XAK was preferable for longer periods of anesthesia (60 to 120 minutes), although it induces severe hypothermia. For short periods of anesthesia, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine- EMTU, or ketamine-xylazine were deemed adequate; however, xylazine-EMTU induced the best survivability and consistency.   102                            NAL Call. No.: S494.5.D3I5 1990 A computer-based hierarchical controlsystem for modern livestock buildings. Berckmans, D.; Vranken, E.; Goedseels, V. Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida; 1990. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Agricultural Extension Programs / Fedro S. Zazueta, editor. ; January 31-February 1, 1990, Grosvenor Resort Hotel, Disney World Village, Lake Buenavista, FL. p. 417-422. ill; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal housing; Climate; Computers   103                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Computerisation of the animal house. Bancroft, L.S. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1985 Nov. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 36 (2): p. 191-198; 1985 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Microcomputers; Operational control; File management   104                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Computerized ordering of experimental animals and test authorization. Maerki, U.; Walther, A.; Rossbach, W. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 24 (1): p. 25-31; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Switzerland; Laboratory animals; Authority; Acquisition; Computer techniques; Computer software; Animal experiments  Abstract:  The authorization procedure required by law in Switzerland and the internal set-up at Roche for acquiring experimental animals has made a computerized system for monitoring authorizations and animal deliveries essential. The INQUIRE software program, which can be run on the central computer, was used to set-up databases with information on all personnel who place orders and perform experiments (PERI), authorization matters (BEWI), orders (ORDR), deliveries (SPED), animal species (SPEC), animal strains (STRE), populations (POPU) and the management of various data (BARA). The authorizations database (BEWI) permits sequential searches on specific questions. The animals ordered in the ORDR database are constantly updated in BEWI, thus ensuring that the authorized animal quotas are not exceeded. Expiry of an authorization or an unregistered experimenter will come to light in the course of the plausibility study. Through ORDR the experimenter has a good overview of the animals that he has ordered or have been ordered for him, and he can select the most appropriate strain or population for his studies in STRE or POPU, which contain data on the genetic and physiological characteristics as well as the breeding and keeping of all sublines and stocks. Realization of the IFIS project has made it a simple matter to keep a check on the legal requirements pertaining to animal experimentation and to update the information and evaluate the entire stock of data at any time.   105                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Computers in the animal facility. Lofgreen, P.E. Jr New York : Media Horizons; 1987 Sep. Lab animal v. 16 (6): p. 59-63; 1987 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Computer applications; Computer software   106                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Conditioning and breeding facilities for the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines: a progress report on the SICONBREC project. Hobbs, K.R.; Welshman, M.D.; Nazareno, J.B.; Resuello, R.G. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 21 (2): p. 131-137; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Philippines; Animal husbandry; Macaca; Animal breeding; Projects; Facilities   107                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4761.A5 Conference report on the improved standards for Laboratory Animals Act. Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1985-1986. The Animal Welfare Institute quarterly v. 4, i.e. 34 (2): p. 8-9; 1985-1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Standards; Improvement; Legislation; Facilities; Animal welfare   108                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9C865 Conflict, affiliation, mating, and the effects of spatial confinement in a captive group of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Perloe, S.I. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1986. Current perspectives in primate social dynamics / edited by David M. Taub and Frederick A. King. p. 89-98; 1986.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Saimiri; Social interaction; Mating; Cage size   109                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Control of laboratory acquired hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Japan. Kawamata, J.; Yamanouchi, T.; Dohmae, K.; Miyamoto, H.; Takahaski, M.; Yamanishi, K.; Kurata, T.; Lee, H.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (4): p. 431-436; 1987 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Japan; Laboratory animals; Facilities; Viral diseases; Antibody titer; Disease control; Zoonoses   110                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Convulsions in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-R/1/Eis). Yamazaki, K.; Kumazawa, A.; Ito, K.; Kurihara, K.; Nakayama, M.; Wakabayashi, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 378-381; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Convulsions; Aging  Abstract:  Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are one of the animal models used for studying senescence, which consist of several substrains such as SAM-R/1, R/2, P/1, P/2. SAM-R/1/Eis maintained in Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan, was originally introduced as a substrain of a normal control SAM-R/1 from Kyoto University, Japan. We have noted signs of convulsions in SAM-R/1/Eis mice during routine animal care, particularly while changing cages. We identified the clinical signs and determined the concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma of SAM-R/1/Eis mice. There were no differences in the male:female ratios of mice showing prodrome only, grand mal, or no-signs. The ages at which prodrome and grand mal were first noted peaked between 20 and 25 weeks. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma did not indicate the mice were in insulin hypoglycemia, which is one cause of convulsions. AKR strain mice, some of which originated with the SAM strain are known to become convulsive by repeated "throwing" stimulations. Conversely, in SAM-R/1/Eis, throwing stimuli are not needed to cause convulsive signs. Thus it is likely that in SAM-R/1/Eis mice the signs are triggered by repeating mild environmental changes, such as changing cages. The results of this study show that SAM-R/1/Eis is neither a normal control strain, nor an original SAM-R/1 strain. But it is possible that SAM- R/1/Eis is another useful animal model for studying spontaneous convulsion.   111                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Corneal dystrophy in Fisher 344 rats. Losco, P.E.; Troup, C.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 702-710. ill; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Strains; Cornea; Eye diseases; Histopathology  Abstract:  A spontaneous degenerative lesion of the cornea resembling calcific band keratopathy in man has been observed in 10-15% of the F-344 rats (aged 35-300 days) purchased from a private vendor's closed breeding colony. The lesion appears clinically as punctate to linear superficial corneal opacities located in the interpalpebral fissure of one or both eyes. Occasional roughening, bleb formation, or pitting of the corneal surface resembling superficial ulcers may be observed. The lesion occurs in both sexes. It is rarely associated with inflammation or irritation. Histologically, it consists of mineral deposits along the epithelial basement membrane and Bowman's space, some of which are large enough to disrupt or destroy portions of the basilar epithelium. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the deposits proved them to be composed of calcium and phosphorus. Electron microscopic examination revealed a variety of extracellular laminated and crystalline arrays similar to those seen in humans with band keratopathy. The etiology of the lesion is as yet undetermined. A genetic- associated susceptibility due to hypercalcemia may be involved.   112                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Cost effective practical gnotobiotics at the cage level. Sedlacek, R.S.; Suit, H.D.; Rose, E.F. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 261-266. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Gnotobiotic animals; Microbial flora   113                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Courtship ultrasonic vocalizations and social status in mice. D'Amato, F.R. London : Academic Press; 1991 May. Animal behaviour v. 41 (pt.5): p. 875-885; 1991 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Vocalization; Mating behavior; Social status; Reproductive performance; Inhibition; Urine; Biological competition  Abstract:  A series of experiments was conducted to investigate whether the poorer sexual performance of subordinate than dominant male mice, Mus domesticus, was linked to lower sexual motivation. Ultrasonic calls uttered by a male in the presence of a female were used as an index of sexual interest. Males were housed in pairs for 5 days and dominant/subordinate roles were assigned. Subordinates, when tested in their home cage immediately after the removal of the dominant male, uttered more ultrasounds than the latter. When the dominant males was tested before the subordinate, there was no difference in the number of ultrasounds uttered and the subordinates' performance was consistently poorer. The fewer calls recored when subordinate males were tested after the dominant partner was not associated with less defence/escape behaviour, nor could it be explained as habituation to female odour, as a consequence of being tested after the dominant partner. Within sexually experienced pairs, the urine of dominant males in interacting with a female for 3 min reduced the number of ultrasounds uttered by the subordinate in the presence of a female. It is suggested that an inhibitory factor in the dominant male's urine functions as an indirect competitive mechanism when direct competition is prevented by removing the dominant subject.   114                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224 CRITTER: A database for managing research animals. Lees, V.W.; Lukey, C.; Orr, R. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Jan. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 34 (1): p. 28-32; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Management; Computer software   115                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A cross sectional survey for B virus antibody in a colony of group housed rhesus macaques. Weigler, B.J.; Roberts, J.A.; Hird, D.W.; Lerche, N.W.; Hilliard, J.K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 May. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (3): p. 257-261; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Macaca mulatta; Herpesviridae; Age differences; Disease prevalence; Serological surveys; Sex differences; Social dominance  Abstract:  A systematic sampling technique was used in combination with a highly sensitive and specific ELISA to provide unbiased age-specific prevalence estimates of B virus antibody in rhesus monkeys housed in three different outdoor breeding corrals. Among 146 sampled monkeys, 97% of animals 2.5 years and older were seropositive, while only 22% of younger animals were seropositive. Neither gender nor social dominance ranking were predictive of B virus antibody status. The strong age association was not inconsistent with hypothesized veneral transmission of B virus. Improvements in the epidemiologic understanding of B virus are necessary to assist efforts to eradicate this agent from breeding colonies of rhesus monkeys.   116                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cryptosporidiosis in ferrets. Rehg, J.E.; Gigliotti, F.; Stokes, D.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 155-158. ill; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ferrets; Facilities; Cryptosporidium; Protozoal infections; Histopathology  Abstract:  The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in two ferrets who died from unrelated causes prompted a survey to determine the prevalence and incidence of the infection in ferrets at our facility. The survey of the existing ferret population and all new arrivals indicated cryptosporidiosis occurred as a subclinical disease a high percentage of young ferrets: 40% of the ferret population and 38 to 100% of the new arrivals had cryptosporidial oocysts in their feces. The infection was found to persist for several weeks in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed ferrets. The interspecies transmission of Cryptosporidium implies that infected ferrets should be considered a potential source of infection for the general population.   117                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Cubicles--a rational approach to specialised laboratory animal housing. Kuntz, M.J. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (3): p. 203-211; 1989 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing   118                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cysticercus fasciolaris infection in a breeding colony of mice. Davis, J.A.; Donkaewbua, S.; Wagner, J.E.; White, R.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 250-252. ill; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cysticercus; Infection; Cysts; Disease transmission; Disease control   119                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Cytotoxic and enzyme-inducing effects of rodent diets and cage bedding materials: evaluation by a cell culture study. Torronen, R.; Pelkonen, K.; Karenlampi, S. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Mar. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 17 (3): p. 182-187; 1990 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Feeds; Animal housing; Cytotoxicity; Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; Cell culture   120                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Decontamination of rat embryos and transfer to specific pathogen-free recipients for the production of a breeding colony. Rouleau, A.M.J.; Kovacs, P.R.; Kunz, H.W.; Armstrong, D.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 611-615; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Germfree state; Germfree animals; Decontamination; Embryos; Superovulation; Embryo transfer; Trypsin  Abstract:  When animals are introduced to a specific pathogen- free (SPF) facility, care must be taken to avoid the possibility of disease transmission to the local colony. This study investigated the application of a combination of reproductive biotechnologies to establish a new disease-free colony of two rat strains, DarkAgouti(Da/Pit) and Wistar Furth(WF/Pit), from a stock known to be chronically infected with the following pathogens: Mycoplasma pulmonis, Kilham's rat virus, sialodacryoadenitis/coronavirus, and reovirus type 3. To eliminate the pathogens and optimize the use of animals, superovulation, embryo washing and trypsinization, and embryo transfer were used. Donors (DA/Pit and WF/Pit) were treated as follows: the mature females were synchronized by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with 40 micrograms luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone agonist/animal on day 4. All immature and mature females were induced to superovulate by continuous s.c. infusion with a commercial porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation (3.4 or 6.8 mg NIH-FSH-P1 units per day, respectively), beginning on the morning of day-2. On the afternoon of day 0, the animals received 30 IU human chorionic gonadotropin injected intraperitoneally and mated. From a total of 213 ova flushed from the oviducts of 16 programmed donors, 195 transferrable two-cell embryos were recovered. Two outbred strains of SPF rats, Long-Evans (LE) and Wistar (W), were used as recipients. These mature females (LE and W) were synchronized by using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as described and made pseudopregnant by cervical stimulation. Two-cell embryos (DA/Pit and WF/Pit) were washed and trypsinized, then transferred to the oviducts of the pseudopregnant recipients (LE and W). From a total of 195 embryos transferred, 57 pups were born (29.2% of embryos transferred.) All offspring tested negative for the viruses infecting the donors as long as they were kept under strict quarantine. The combination of those three techniques provides an efficient alternative to the traditional derivation by caesarean section.   121                                NAL Call. No.: QP82.2.S8A55 Definition of laboratory animal environmental conditions. Besch, E.L. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1985. Animal stress / editor, Gary P. Moberg. p. 297-315; 1985.  Paper presented at a symposium, July 1983, sponsored by the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences at the University of California, Davis.  Includes 114 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Environmental factors; Housing temperature and humidity; Ventilation; Lighting; Adaptation   122                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Description and validation of a preference test system to evaluate housing conditions for laboratory mice. Blom, H.J.M.; Vorstenbosch, C.J.A.H.V. van; Baumans, V.; Hoogervorst, M.J.C.; Beynen, A.C.; Zutphen, L.F.M. van Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 35 (1): p. 67-82; 1992 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal housing   123                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Design considerations for research animal facilities. Cooper, E.C. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Sep. Lab animal v. 18 (6): p. 23-26. ill; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing   124                                 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Design of rooms for housing laboratory animals. Witz, R.L.; Sauvageau, G.; Johnson, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4532): 9 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal housing; Laboratories; Design; Environmental control   125                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Developing effective social and environment enrichment strategies for macaques in captive groups. O'Neill, P. New York : Media Horizons; 1988 May. Lab animal v. 17 (4): p. 23-24, 27-28, 31-34, 36. ill; 1988 May.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Environment; Social emotional development; Animal housing; Facilities; Rearing techniques; Group behavior; Activity   126                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Developing housing facilities for rhesus monkeys: prevention of abnormal behaviour. Goosen, C. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 67-70; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Animal housing; Cages; Facilities; Animal behavior; Abnormal behavior; Behavior change   127                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Development of a semi-inbred line of Landrace pigs. I. Breeding performance and immunogenetic characteristics. Hradecky, J.; Hruban, V.; Hojny, J.; Pazdera, J.; Stanek, R. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1985 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 19 (4): p. 279-283; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Landrace; Inbred lines; Immunogenetics; Breeding efficiency   128                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Development of fatty and corpulent rat strains. Greenhouse, D.D.; Hansen, C.T.; Michaelis, O.E. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 2-4; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mutations; Animal breeding; Nomenclature   129                                    NAL Call. No.: 410 IN84 The development of laboratory animal management and the state of the art in Kenya. Suleman, M.A. Oslo, Norway : The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990. ICLAS bulletin (66): p. 26-28; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kenya; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry   130                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Development of potential alternatives to the draize eye test: the CTFA evaluation of alternatives program. Gettings, S.D.; McEwen, G.N. Jr Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Jun. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 17 (4): p. 317-324; 1990 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Evaluation; Organizations  Abstract:  The CTFA Evaluation of Alternatives Program is a multi-year effort organised by a scientific advisory committee (the CTFA Animal Welfare Task Force), and is designed to evaluate (in Phase I) approximately twenty-five potential alternative methods to the Draize eye irritancy test. Coordination, management of logistics, collection and statistical analysis of data, are being conducted by the Columbus Division of the Battelle Memorial Institute. The US Food and Drug Administration has been aware of the Program since its inception. The intention of the Program is to provide industry with information on the performance of a series of potential alternatives to the Draize test, so as to aid individual companies to identify those methods which seem best suited to their own particular testing needs. The participants are either CTFA member companies who are already using or developing alternative tests, or those independent investigators whose development work is being sponsored by CTFA members. The purpose of the Program is to determine the effectiveness and limitations of a variety of tests for a range of different product types. Specifically, the Program will evaluate the capacity of the tests under investigation to rank and discriminate between the ocular irritation potential of a range of prototype cosmetic and personal care products. The Program is designed as a multi-year effort with a different product type evaluated each year. In Phase I, ten different ethanol-based substances are being tested; oil/water emulsions will be evaluated in Phase II.   131                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The development of rabbit, guinea pig and mouse cages. Eveleigh, J.R. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1988 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 39 (2): p. 107-116. ill; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Rabbits; Mice; Cages; Design; Types; Floors   132                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Diagnosis of subclinical Bacillus piliformis infection in a barrier-maintained mouse production colony. Gibson, S.V.; Waggie, K.S.; Wagner, J.E.; Ganaway, J.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (6): p. 786-788. ill; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Bacillus piliformis; Histopathology; Facilities; Treatment; Gerbils   133                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Diagnostic exercise: subcutaneous nodules in rhesus monkeys. Spencer, A.J. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (1): p. 79-80. ill; 1985 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Toxicity; Diagnosis; Facilities   134                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Diet and breeding performance in cats. Olovson, S.G. London : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1986 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 20 (3): p. 221-230. ill; 1986 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cat; Animal breeding; Diets; Animal nutrition; Reproductive performance   135                                  NAL Call. No.: QL785.A725 Diet sampling by wild Norway rats offered several unfamiliar foods. Beck, M.; Hitchcock, C.L.; Galef, B.G. Jr Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society; 1988 May. Animal learning & behavior v. 16 (2): p. 224-230; 1988 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rattus; Rats; Diets; Sampling; Feeding; Behavior; Food preferences  Abstract:  The present experiment was undertaken to examine directly the diet sampling behavior of wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) faced with a choice among familiar and unfamiliar foods. First-generation, laboratory-reared wild Norway rats ate from four food cups. Three of the food cups were in unfamiliar locations and contained unfamiliar foods. The remaining food cup was in a familiar location and contained a familiar food. Subjects in a control group were offered the familiar food in all four locations. We found (1) that subjects in experimental and control conditions took equal amounts of time to first visit food cups in unfamiliar locations, (2) that subjects in the experimental condition (those with access to unfamiliar foods) ate at unfamiliar locations at a slower rate than did subjects in the control condition (those with access only to familiar food), (3) that subjects in the experimental condition were no more likely than subjects in the control condition to eat at one unfamiliar location at a time, and (4) that following a bout of eating at an unfamiliar food cup, subjects in the experimental condition wated no longer than subjects in the control condition before eating from a different unfamiliar food cup. We interpreted these data as indicating that although wild Norway rats are hesitant to eat unfamiliar foods, once they begin to eat such foods, they do not sample among them so as to facilitate identification of any toxin present.   136                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Differences in behaviour among adult male, female pairs of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinu oedipus) in different conditions of housing. Box, H.O.; Rohrhuber, B. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 44 (1): p. 19-30; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Callithricidae; Animal behavior; Animal housing   137                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Disarming canine teeth of nonhuman primates using the submucosal vital root retention technique. Schofield, J.C.; Alves, M.E.A.F.; Hughes, K.W.; Bennett, B.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 128-133; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Teeth; Amputation; Postoperative complications  Abstract:  Removing or reducing the size of canine teeth of baboons and macaques has become an accepted practice to minimize the potential for injury to laboratory animal care personnel. A submucosal vital root retention procedure was adapted from the technique of root banking human teeth. In this technique, the crown of a tooth is amputated below the level of the alveolar bone crest, and the exposed pulp covered by a mucoperiosteal gingival flap. Our aim was to disarm the canine teeth of baboons and macaques with a single surgical procedure that would preserve a vital tooth root buried in alveolar bone under normal mucosa. Our long-term objective was to develop a technique that would not require further clinical management during the life of the animal. This paper presents the surgical techniques used.   138                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Djungarian hamster females conceive in the presence of multiple sibling males. Ferguson, B.; Dewsbury, D.A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Apr. Animal behaviour v. 35 (pt.2): p. 597-599; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hamsters; Copulation; Animal breeding; Reproductive behavior   139                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 DNA fingerprinting for genetic monitoring of inbred laboratory rats and mice. Russell, R.J.; Festing, M.F.W.; Deeny, A.A.; Peters, A.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (5): p. 460-465; 1993 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Dna fingerprinting  Abstract:  DNA fingerprinting using a nonisotopically labeled minisatellite probe provided a valuable technique for genetic monitoring/quality control of laboratory rodents. Each of 12 inbred rat strains had a unique fingerprint pattern, and colonies separated for over 20 years had identical or nearly identical patterns. Strain LOU/Iap, which is known to have been genetically contaminated in the past, was clearly different from strain LOU/CN, supporting previous findings of studies using biochemical markers. Inbred strains of mice were also found to differ from each other. The F1 hybrid between C57BL/6 and CBA/Ca could not be distinguished from C57BL/6 by using DNA fingerprints, although they could be distinguished by using biochemical markers. Some congenic strains differed from their inbred partner. A suspected genetic contamination of MRL/Mp-lpr mice could not be detected in a sample of the breeding colony by using biochemical markers; however, DNA fingerprints from the suspect animals clearly demonstrated genetic segregation. DNA fingerprinting will be of particular value in investigating suspected problems as only a small sample of fresh, frozen, or ethanol-preserved tissue is needed. Thus, the actual suspect animals can be studied, rather than samples from a breeding colony from which contaminated animals may already have been eliminated.   140                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Duration of protection from reinfection following exposure to sialodacryoadenitis virus in wistar rats. Percy, D.H.; Bond, S.J.; Paturzo, F.X.; Bhatt, P.N. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 144-149. ill; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Sialodacryoadenitis virus; Viral diseases; Disease resistance; Immunity; Reinfection; Disease transmission  Abstract:  Wistar rats [CR1:(WI)BR] were inoculated intranasally with approximately 10(3) median mouse lethal infective doses of sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus. Animals were subsequently selected at random, removed to a separate isolation room, and reinfected with SDA virus at 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 months. Pre- and postinoculation serum samples were collected from all animals during the course of the study and evaluated for antibody titers to SDA virus. All experimental, control and sentinel animals, following inoculation with SDA virus, were necropsied and examined for lesions consistent with SDA. Salivary gland lesions were minimal to absent in rats reinfected with SDA virus for up to 12 to 15 months after the initial exposure and minimal to moderate in the respiratory tract at 12 or 15 months. SDA-associated lesions were extensive in age matched control animals examined at each time period of reinfection with SDA virus. Thus, prior exposure to SDA virus did protect against the development of typical salivary gland lesions for up to 15 months. Recovered animals were evaluated for their ability to transmit the virus following reinfection. Rats reinfected at 6 or 9 months were infectious to their naive cage mates. The results indicate that reinfection with homologous rat coronavirus can occur as early as 6 months after the initial infection, and such rats can transmit the infection to contact controls.   141                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effect of acclimation to caging on nephrotoxic response of rats to uranium. Damon, E.G.; Eidson, A.F.; Hobbs, C.H.; Hahn, F.F. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1986 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 36 (1): p. 24-36. ill; 1986 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Acclimatization; Metabolism cage; Toxicity; Responses; Uranium; Kidneys   142                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Effect of cage population density on plasma corticosterone and peripheral lymphocyte populations of laboratory mice. Peng, X.; Lang, C.M.; Drozdowicz, C.K.; Ohlsson-Wilhelm, B.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 302-306; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cage density; Corticosterone; Blood plasma; Lymphocytes; Stress  Abstract:  The effect of different population densities of mice per cage on plasma corticosterone, peripheral lymphocytes and specific lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. The animals were housed in groups of 2, 4 or 8 mice per cage and the blood samples were taken from each animal of these groups on days one, 7 and 14. A significant elevation (P < 0.05) in plasma corticosterone concentration was observed in the group of 8 mice per cage on days one and 7 as compared with those of 2 or 4 mice per cage. The number of peripheral lymphocytes was significantly decreased in the groups of 2 (P < 0.01) and 8 (P < 0.05) mice per cage as compared with the group of 4 mice per cage on day one. A significantly decreased number of lymphocytes (P < 0.01) in the group of 8 mice per cage continued to day 7. There were no significant differences in specific lymphocyte subpopulations observed among these groups. The results of this study suggest that a population density of 4 mice per cage induced minimal stress compared to that induced by the population densities of 2 or 8 mice per cage. Since stress is known to induce alteration in a variety of biological functions, the population density of mice per cage should be considered in the interpretation of research data.   143                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The effect of cage size on the behavior of individually housed rhesus monkeys. Bayne, K.A.L.; McCully, C. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Oct. Lab animal v. 18 (7): p. 25-28; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Cage size; Animal behavior   144                                    NAL Call. No.: 470 C16D The effect of captivity on reproduction and development in Peromyscus maniculatus. Millar, J.S.; Threadgill, D.A.L. Ottawa, Canada : National Research Council of Canada; 1987 Jul. Canadian journal of zoology v. 65 (7): p. 1713-1719; 1987 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Peromyscus; Breeding methods; Population pressure; Natural mating; Laboratory rearing; Litter size; Reproductive performance   145                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of in-house transport on murine plasma corticosterone concentration and blood lymphocyte populations. Drozdowicz, C.K.; Bowman, T.A.; Webb, M.L.; Lang, C.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (11): p. 1841-1846; 1990 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Transport of animals; Stress; Lymphocytes; Corticosterone; Blood plasma; Leukocyte count; Thymus gland; Immunosuppression  Abstract:  The effect of in-house transport on plasma corticosterone concentration and blood lymphocyte populations of laboratory mice was investigated. Mice were transported within a research facility at 0900 hours in a pattern designed to simulate that commonly used by investigators prior to experimental manipulation. Plasma corticosterone concentration and WBC count were determined at 0.25, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after transport. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in plasma corticosterone concentration was seen in mice immediately after transport. The normal circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone concentration was altered for the subsequent 24-hour period. Corresponding significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in total WBC numbers, lymphocyte count, and thymus gland weight were observed. The decrease in total blood lymphocyte numbers at 4 hours was reflected in B-and T- lymphocyte populations. The subsequent acute increase in plasma corticosterone concentration was associated with alterations in the cellular components of the immune system. Results of the study indicated that routine in-house transport of laboratory mice should be considered a stressful stimulus.   146                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Effect of temporary restricted social housing on later reproductive behavior in adolescent chimpanzees. Fritz, J.; Howell, S.M. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 May. Lab animal v. 21 (5): p. 21-25; 1992 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzees; Animal housing; Sexual behavior   147                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effect of transportation stress on splenic natural killer cell activity in C57BL/6J mice. Aguila, H.N.; Pakes, S.P.; Lai, W.C.; Lu, Y.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 148-151; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Transport of animals; Air transport; Trucks; Stress; Spleen; Cell physiology; Corticosterone  Abstract:  Splenic natural killer cell activity and plasma corticosterone levels were measured in air- and truck- transported C57BL/6J mice (Mus musculus) on days 0, 1, 3 and 5 post-arrival. These data are important in determining adequate stabilization periods for transported animals before studies involving natural killer cells are begun. Three control groups (phosphate buffered saline, polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid, and hydrocortisone injected mice) were stabilized in the animal facilities 3 weeks before the start of experiments. Natural killer activity in transported mice was reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) on day 0 and returned to normal levels by 24 hours. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased significantly (p less than 0.005) on day 0 and returned to control levels by day 1, correlating inversely with splenic natural killer activity. This study indicates that stress resulting from transportation causes a short-term decrease in the splenic natural killer cell activity of mice, and this decrease may be related to the increased plasma corticosterone levels induced by the stressful event. We conclude that mice should be stabilized at least 24 hours before experiments involving the natural killer cell system are begun.   148                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effectiveness of a microisolator cage system and sentinel mice for controlling and defecting MHV and Sendai virus infections. Dillehay, D.L.; Lehner, N.D.M.; Huerkamp, M.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 367-370; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Murine paramyxovirus; Viral hepatitis; Cages; Isolation; Sentinel animals; Litter; Disease prevention; Detection  Abstract:  Experiments were conducted to determine (a) whether BALB/c mice housed on soiled bedding can be used as sentinels for the detection of Sendai virus and MHV from infected mice housed in microisolators, and (b) whether the microisolator caging system protects mice against Sendai virus and MHV infections. Sentinel mice were housed in microisolator cages, exposed continuously to soiled bedding and bled at 21 and 42 days for serology. All sentinel mice were seropositive for MHV by 42 days; however, sentinel mice exposed to soiled bedding were seronegative for Sendai virus at 21 and 42 days. These results suggest that sentinels housed on soiled bedding may not detect all infectious murine viruses. This study also showed that the microisolator caging system provided an effective barrier against MHV infection at the cage level and suggests that the microisolators should protect mice against other infectious agents.   149                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effects of a mass air displacement unit on the microenvironmental parameters within isolator cages. Corning, B.F.; Lipman, N.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 91-93; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Air quality; Air flow; Microenvironments; Gases   150                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Effects of ambient lighting on the eyes of rats. Kupp, R.P. Jr; Pinto, C.A.; Rubin, L.F.; Griffin, H.E. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Jul. Lab animal v. 18 (5): p. 32-35, 37. ill; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Eyes (animal); Natural light; Facilities; Lighting; Retinas; Degeneration   151                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effects of cage beddings on microsomal oxidative enzymes in rat liver. Weichbrod, R.H.; Cisar, C.F.; Miller, J.G.; Simmonds, R.C.; Alvares, A.P.; Ueng, T.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 296-298; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Liver; Enzyme activity; Microsomes; Benzopyrene; Hydroxylases; Cages; Litter; Wood shavings; Wood chips; Pines; Cedrus; Maize cobs  Abstract:  The purpose of the present studies was to evaluate the effects of some commercially available cage beddings on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent drug- metabolizing enzyme, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, and the carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase. Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in cages containing cedar chip, corncob or heat-treated pinewood bedding for 3 weeks. Control rats were housed in cages on wire bottom floors containing no bedding material. Rats housed in cages containing cedar chip showed 18, 46 and 49% increases in liver cytochrome P-450 content, ethylmorphine N-demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities, respectively. The liver enzyme activities of rats housed incages containing corncob bedding were similar to those obtained with control rats. In contrast, the pinewood-bedded rats showed a 21% decrease in ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity without affecting cytochrome P-450 content and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity. Hexobarbital-induced sleep times of the variously bedded rats were similar to those of control animals. These data suggest that the commercial bedding materials differ in their abilities to affect liver microsomal enzymes. Thus, interlaboratory variability in basal enzyme activities reported in the literature may be partly due to bedding materials used in the animal's cages.   152                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Effects of cage size and environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological responses of rhesus macaques to the stress of daily events., 1st ed.;. Line, S.W.; Markowitz, H.; Morgan, K.N.; Strong, S. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 160-179; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Environment; Enrichment; Cage size; Stress; Animal welfare; Animal husbandry   153                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effects of cage size and pair housing on exercise of beagle dogs. Hughes, H.C.; Campbell, S.; Kenney, C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 302-305; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Animal housing; Cage size; Cage density; Exercise; Animal welfare; Regulations  Abstract:  One of the requirements of the 1985 amendments to the Animal Welfare Act is the establishment of an exercise program for dogs. Assumptions have been made by some that larger cages or the presence of a companion animal will motivate exercise. To examine how cage size, pair housing and human contact affect exercise, a study was conducted using a computerized video-data acquisition system that measured distance traveled and time spent moving in 1 X 1 m, (single only) and 1 X 2 m (single and paired) and 1 X 1.5 m cage (paired only) cages. Male beagle dogs (n = 6) housed singly in the 1 m2 cage traveled an average of 55m/hr spending only 8% (57 min) of the 12 h photo period in motion. When the cage size was doubled, the average distance traveled decreased to 13m/hr and the time spent moving increased to 11% (77 min/day). When dogs were pair housed in a regulation size cage, the average distance traveled decreased to 8.6 m/hr and they spent less than 6% of the day in exercising (42 min/12hrs.). The greatest amount of exercise was seen when dogs were housed as a pair in a cage less than recommended size (an average of 109 m/hr and 8.8 min/hr). Therefore, these data indicate that larger cages or pair housing in regulation size cages have little or no effect on the activity of purpose bred male beagle dogs. There was, however, a direct correlation between activity, time and distance, and the presence of humans in the animal room. When people were in the room, dog activity increased. When people were absent, dogs were less active.   154                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effects of dichlorvos treatment on mouse reproduction. Casebolt, D.B.; Leary, S.L.; Undeutsch, L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 65-67; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Dichlorvos; Vapor; Reproductive efficiency; Cholinesterase; Litter size; Gestation period  Abstract:  To test whether exposure to dichlorvos vapors for treatment of mouse ectoparasites resulted in temporary cessation of breeding, we exposed harem breeding groups of mice to varying concentrations of dichlorvos vapors and examined the effects of exposure on litter frequency and litter size. All exposure levels resulted in decreased plasma cholinesterase concentrations in treated mice for up to 10 days following the completion of exposure. Litter frequency and size were unaffected by dichlorvos exposure, and gestation times were not prolonged. Therefore, treatment with dichlorvos vapors during breeding did not affect reproduction in exposed mice.   155                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 The effects of group housing on the research use of the laboratory rabbit. Whary, M.; Peper, R.; Borkowski, G.; Lawrence, W.; Ferguson, F. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 27 (4): p. 330-341; 1993 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbit housing; Groups  Abstract:  This project evaluated the influence of group housing on common aspects of research use of female laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Eight rabbits housed individually in conventional cages were compared to a second group of 8 housed as a social group in a proportionately larger enclosure. The group housing method provided increased opportunities for exercise, social contact, and a more novel environment. As a function of housing style, the 2 experimental groups were compared on humoral and delayed hypersensitivity response, feed intake, growth rate, and selected physiological parameters that are considered to reflect stress in most species. Singleand group housed rabbits did not significantly differ in physiological and immunological measurements, indicating that the practical research performance (immune response, stress level, growth rates etc.) of these rabbits was not significantly affected by group housing compared with the more traditional single housing. Analysis of group social behaviour indicated that the rabbits preferred small social groups, had preferences for microenvironments within the enclosure, and exhibited behaviours that are not possible when housed singly. Group housing appeared to be a successful method for enriching the environment of female rabbits and aspects of it should be considered in the approach to housing rabbits used in research.   156                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L342 Effects of humidity on breeding success in laboratory mice. Donnelly, H. Potters Bar : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare; 1989. Laboratory animal welfare research : rodents : proc of a symposium organized by Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, held at the Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Univ of London, Egham, Surrey, 22nd April 1988. p. 17-24; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Relative humidity; Reproductive performance; Litter size; Survival; Growth rate; Neonatal mortality   157                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 The effects of intracage ventilation on microenvironmental conditions in filter-top cages. Lipman, N.S.; Corning, B.F.; Coiro, M.A. Sr London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 26 (3): p. 206-210; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Ventilation; Microenvironments; Carbon dioxide; Ammonia; Relative humidity  Abstract:  Filter-top cages, while effective in reducing cross contamination by particulate material including microbes, can also cause accumulation of the waste gases carbon dioxide and ammonia as well as increased intracage relative humidity. A prototype system which provided each cage with 23 air changes per hour through a nozzle inserted in the filter lid was evaluated. The ventilated cageing system was effective in reducing intracage carbon dioxide, ammonia and relative humidity levels. Mean weekly carbon dioxide levels were 2900 ppm lower, ammonia levels 240 ppm lower and intracage relative humidity levels 8% lower in the ventilated cages than in unventilated controls.   158                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Effects of primary enclosure size and human contact. Hughes, H.C.; Campbell, S. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 66-75; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 74-75.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Socialization; Animal welfare   159                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of repeated handling by familiar and unfamiliar people on rabbits in individual cages and group pens. Podberscek, A.L.; Blackshaw, J.K.; Beattie, A.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (4): p. 365-373; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Handling; Fearfulness; Cages; Pens   160                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effects of single caging on chimpanzee behavior. Brent, L.; Lee, D.R.; Eichberg, J.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 345-346; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzee; Cages; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Environment   161                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effects of two novel objects on the behavior of singly caged adult rhesus macaques. Line, S.W.; Morgan, K.N. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 365-369; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Toys; Environment; Enrichment; Behavior change; Animal behavior; Abnormal behavior; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Six female and six male adult rhesus macaques were given sticks and nylon balls as an attempt at simple cage enrichment. A latin square design was used to compare behavior during separate 4-week periods with each object and during a control period with no object. Frequency and duration of 15 different behaviors were recorded. Resting was the most common activity which decreased slightly in duration when the stick or nylon ball was present (P < 0.02). The mean duration of stick use was longer than that of the nylon ball (P < 0.01). No other behaviors changed significantly, including the frequency of abnormal behaviors such as self-abuse, stereotypic acts, and bizarre postures. Generally, these objects were used infrequently and led to few changes in the behavior of singly-caged adult rhesus macaques. However, they did appear to stimulate activity for some individuals.   162                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The efficacy and safety of chlorpyrifos (Dursban) for control of Myobia musculi infestation in mice. Pence, B.C.; Demick, D.S.; Richard, B.C.; Buddingh, F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 139-142; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Myobia musculi; Mite control; Granules; Chlorpyrifos; Infestation; Toxicity; Controlled release  Abstract:  Mite infestation in laboratory mice is a common, but troublesome problem in animal facilities. Recommended treatment regimens are frequently ineffective because of the short period of exposure to the control agent. In an effort to develop a time-release approach, we have investigated the use of Dursban granules applied in animal bedding. Initial toxicity studies indicated that this pesticide can be added to shoebox cage litter at levels three times that used for outdoor application (6 g per 27 by 48 cm shoebox cage) without producing clinical signs of toxicity. Metabolism studies demonstrated that although individual mice showed decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity following treatment, liver cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase, liver microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase, or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were not induced after 1 week of exposure. Parasitological studies indicated elimination of mites and itching in an experimental infestation, as well as reduction of itching in severely symptomatic, naturally infested mice, following treatment with the granules. These studies demonstrate the nontoxic efficacy of Dursban in the control of Myobia musculi.   163                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 An efficient method for the intensive production of F1 (CBA/Ca X C57BL/6) hybrid mice. Parnham, D.W.; Smith, L.C. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Apr01. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (1): p. 43-47; 1990 Apr01.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Progeny production; Crosses; Reproductive performance  Abstract:  In response to a request for a regular supply of 25 four-week-old F1 (CBA/Ca X C57BL/6) female mice per week, a production system has been developed, involving the use of one standard 56-cage rack. The system has proved to be reliable, economic and easily managed. By careful selection of females, both mean litter size at birth and percentage survival to weaning showed a marked increase on that expected from either of the inbred lines.   164                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Elimination of mouse hepatitis virus from a breeding colony by temporary cessation of breeding. Weir, E.C.; Bhatt, P.N.; Barthold, S.W.; Cameron, G.A.; Simack, P.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (4): p. 455-458. ill; 1987 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Viral hepatitis; Animal breeding; Disease control; Histopathology   165                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Elimination of sialodacryoadenitis virus from a rat production colony by using seropositive breeding animals. Brammer, D.W.; Dysko, R.C.; Spilman, S.C.; Oskar, P.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 633-634; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Sialodacryoadenitis virus; Disease control; Colonies; Screening   166                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 An employee appraisal model for supervisors and managers. Cummings, J.F. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 May. Lab animal v. 15 (4): p. 19-23; 1986 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Employment; Managers; Supervisors; Evaluation criteria; Models   167                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 An employee training program in research animal care and use. Hammer, J.G.; Miller, B.; Ali, F. New York : Media Horizons; 1987 Sep. Lab animal v. 16 (6): p. 53-55, 57; 1987 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Facilities; Employment; Training; Education; Animal research; Programs   168                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Enclosure design and reproductive success of baboons used for reproductive research in Kenya. Else, J.G.; Tarara, R.; Suleman, M.A.; Eley, R.M. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1986 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 36 (2): p. 168-172; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kenya; Baboons; Reproductive behavior; Cage rearing; Design   169                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 An enriched commune housing system for laboratory rats--a preliminary view. Batchelor, G.R. \u Institute of Orthopaedics, Stanmore, Middlesex Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 44 (3): p. 201-214; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Cages; Enrichment; Animal welfare; Animal behavior  Abstract:  Most current methods of housing laboratory rats allow very little enrichment to be accommodated (Figure 1). In addition, a floor space of 1600 cm2 and a height of 20 cm surely does not permit normal social behaviour to occur (Figure 2). The view put forward here, therefore, is that current housing systems for rats are ethologically, physiologically and psychologically damaging, inappropriate and restrictive and should gradually be replaced. An enriched commune housing system with a view to commercial application, has been designed and constructed, albeit in a fairly crude form. A grant obtained from the RSPCA will enable video recording of social and individual behaviors to be analysed, including infra-red techniques during the hours of darkness. In addition, it is hoped that some form of activity index may be constructed to demonstrate the strong exploratory instincts that laboratory rats possess but are currently frustrated in their attempts to show. This work is in its infancy and the subject of this presentation is a preliminary, objective assessment of some of the background to some behavioural aspects of laboratory animal welfare, as well as focusing on the rat commune housing system itself.   170                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Enriching the lives of captive primates: issues and problems. Novak, M.A.; Drewsen, K.H. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 161-182. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Capture of animals; Animal welfare; Psychological factors; Environment; Cages; Social behavior   171                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.N48 Enrichment techniques for confined primates. O'Neill, P. Bethesda, Md. : The Center; 1987. Newsletter - Scientists Center for Animal Welfare v. 9 (4): p. 5, 7-8. ill; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal welfare; Animal housing   172                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Enterocecocolitis associated with Escherichia coli and Campylobacter-like organisms in a hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) colony. Dillehay, D.L.; Paul, K.S.; Boosinger, T.R.; Fox, J.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (1): p. 12-16; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hamsters; Enterocolitis; Cecum; Escherichia coli; Campylobacter; Histopathology; Colon; Small intestine; Pathogenesis  Abstract:  Sporadic diarrhea and weight loss were observed in a breeding colony of Syrian hamsters during a 2-year period. Thirteen adult hamsters with diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss were examined. Histologic lesions consisted of diffuse nonsuppurative enterocecocolitis and multifocal epithelial proliferation in the cecum and colon. Goblet cell hyperplasia was extensive in the colonic mucosa of many hamsters. The hamsters in this colony had not been treated with antibiotics nor was Clostridium difficile isolated from any of the hamsters. In contrast to typical proliferative ileitis in hamsters, most hamsters involved in this outbreak were mature adults rather than weanlings, and lesions were predominantly inflammatory rather than proliferative and involved small intestine, cecum, and colon rather than ileum. The isolation of beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli and demonstration of Campylobacter-like organisms by transmission electron microscopy and Warthin-Starry staining suggest that these two agents were involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Further studies, however, are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of this enteric syndrome in hamsters.   173                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Environmental enrichment: a review. Chamove, A.S. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (3): p. 155-178. ill; 1989 Dec.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environmental factors; Enrichment; Animal welfare; Animal behavior; Cage size; Space requirements; Cages   174                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Environmental enrichment and exploration. Mench, J.A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Feb. Lab animal v. 23 (2): p. 38-41; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Environment; Enrichment; Animal welfare; Animal behavior; Exploration; Animal housing   175                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Environmental enrichment: behavioral responses of rhesus to puzzle feeders. Bloom, K.R.; Cook, M. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Jul. Lab animal v. 18 (5): p. 25, 27, 29, 31. ill; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Environment; Animal housing; Cages; Equipment; Feed dispensers; Animal behavior   176                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.751 Environmental enrichment devices and procedures for captive nonhuman primates Lyna M. Watson. Watson, Lyna M. New England Regional Primate Research Center Cambridge, MA : Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center,; 1989. 1 videocassette (30 min.) : sd., col.; 1/2 in.  VHS format.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Housing; Videorecordings; Primates; Videorecordings; Macaca mulatta; Videorecordings; Macaca fascicularis; Videorecordings; Callithrix jacchus; Videorecordings; Saguinus oedipus; Videorecordings  Abstract:  This videotape describes and demonstrates the environmental enrichment devices and procedures used for singly and group housed macaques and New World monkeys at the New England Regional Primate Research Center.   177                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Environmental enrichment for laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Ward, G.E.; DeMille, D. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (3): p. 149-156; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Environment; Enrichment; Cages; Bottles; Animal behavior  Abstract:  The mouse, (Mus musculus), is commonly distributed throughout all continents of the world and must be considered as one of the most successfully adapted animal species on earth. Thorburn, (1921) described the natural habits of this animal species and commented upon its preferred occupation of dwelling houses "even before they were completed". This same author described the mouse as a good climber and also its gnawing abilities used to enter cupboards and store rooms in order to nest and rear its young. In addition and more recently, other authors have considered that laboratory mouse populations are tightly organised into territorially restricted social units. DeFries and Mclearn, 1972, Lidicker, 1976), with evidence that mice adopt unambiguously territorial behaviour in large enclosures which may be very stable, (Crowcroft, 1955). There is also evidence of aggressive behaviour toward migrant animals through these territories, (Reimer and Petras, 1967). It is within this framework that we must consider the standard laboratory mouse which, whilst being genetically manipulated during many generations to produce an animal model markedly different to its ancestors, nevertheless still retains most if not all of the characteristics of its wild forbears, such as curiosity, adaptability, intelligence and male aggression. With all of these inherent characteristics, it must be considered as doubtful whether the current bland and unenriched laboratory animal cage environment is either sufficient or able to fulfil the legitimate requirements of this species.   178                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.N48 Environmental enrichment for laboratory primates. Line, S.; Markowitz, H. Bethesda, Md. : The Center; 1987. Newsletter - Scientists Center for Animal Welfare v. 9 (2): p. 3, 5. ill; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Environment; Facilities   179                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Environmental enrichment for large scale marmoset units. Heath, M.; Libretto, S.E. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 44 (3): p. 163-173; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Callithrix jacchus; Marmosets; Environment; Cages; Enrichment; Animal welfare  Abstract:  The environment can be enriched for large numbers of marmosets, through every day routine procedures. Items such as fruit chains, pieces of hollow tubing, foraging boxes and wooden perches or platforms provide a more stimulating environment and promote innate behaviour that is otherwise restricted or suppressed in the laboratory cage. Cage furniture is not the total answer to environmental enrichment; capable staff, social grouping, variable feeding regimes, presentation of food, cage cleaning and animal handling are also important considerations. Animal technicians are encouraged to participate in such projects and to contribute their ideas into future plans. Having both the closest daily contact with, and dedication to, the marmosets, they are the best people to both implement and evaluate environmental change. Reactions of marmosets to environmental innovation are described, and shown to vary with social structure and experience.   180                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Environmental enrichment for monkeys used in behavioral toxicology studies. Gilbert, S.G.; Wrenshall, E. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 244-254. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Environment; Cages; Exercise; Laboratories; Toxicology; Programs   181                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Environmental enrichment in a large animal facility. DeLuca, A.M.; Kranda, K.C. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jan. Lab animal v. 21 (1): p. 38-44; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Environment; Enrichment; Animal behavior   182                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 An environmental enrichment program for caged rhesus monkeys at the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center., 1st ed.;. Reinhardt, V. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 149-159; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Wisconsin; Macaca mulatta; Environment; Enrichment; Research institutes; Animal welfare   183                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Environmental ultrasound in laboratories and animal houses: a possible cause for concern in the welfare and use of laboratory animals. Sales, G.D.; Wilson, K.J.; Spencer, K.E.V.; Milligan, S.R. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 369-375; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Laboratories; Ultrasound; Environment  Abstract:  Many laboratory animals are known to be sensitive to sounds (ultrasounds) beyond the nominal upper limit (20 kHz) of the human hearing range. Sources of sound in laboratories and animal houses were examined to determine the extent of ambient ultrasound. Of 39 sources monitored, 24 were found to emit ultrasonic sounds. Many of these (e.g. cage washers and hoses) also produced sound in the audible range. Running taps, squeaky chairs and rotating glass stoppers created particularly high sound pressure levels and contained frequencies to over 100 kHz. The oscilloscopes and visual display units investigated provided particular cause for concern as they emitted sounds that were entirely ultrasonic and therefore were apparently silent. Ambient ultrasound therefore appears to be common in laboratories and animal houses. It is suggested that its effect on laboratory animals should be investigated and guidelines on acceptable levels be formulated.   184                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Environmental variables and animal care. Besch, E.L. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 53-57; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 51-52.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Animal housing; Environment; Laboratory animals   185                                  NAL Call. No.: 47.8 Am33P Environment-immune interactions. Dietert, R.R.; Golemboski, K.A.; Austic, R.E. Champaign, IL : Poultry Science Association, 1921-; 1994 Jul. Poultry science v. 73 (7): p. 1062-1076; 1994 Jul.  Paper presented at the symposium "Current Advances in Avian Immunology," July 1993, East Lansing, Michigan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Disease resistance; Immune competence; Genotype environment interaction; Stress factors; Antibody formation; Assays; Immunological deficiency; Nutrient deficiencies; Literature reviews  Abstract:  The need for effective immune function for the maintenance of health has been clearly established in both agriculturally significant animal species and humans. Intensive agricultural practices present production species with numerous disease challenges during the rearing period. Environmental factors represent a ubiquitous, yet frequently manageable, category of immunomodulators that can influence immune performance and ultimately disease susceptibility or resistance. However, strategies for assessing overall immune potential have not been widely implemented for agricultural species. This is in contrast to the use of immune evaluation for human health considerations. Immune assessment relative to environmental-immune interactions can produce benefits in two areas. First, the efficiency of the production operation can be enhanced. Second, the welfare of the animals during the production cycle can be optimized. This paper presents an overview of environmental factors known to influence the immune function of poultry and the opportunities to manage environmental factors to benefit the health of the animals. In addition, the paper discusses the status of immunological assessment for humans and laboratory animals and proposes potential immune assessment panels that could serve as a tool to optimize the environmental management of poultry populations.   186                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Eradication of encephalitozoonosis in rabbit breeding colonies by carbon immunoassay. Waller, T. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 385-387; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sweden; Rabbits; Animal breeding; Protozoal infections; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Disease control; Carbon; Immunoassay   187                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Establishing colonies of specific pathogen free (SPF) guinea pigs and rabbits. Kruijt, B.C. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 439-445. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Rabbits; Specific pathogen free state; Animal breeding; Laboratory rearing   188                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Establishment and control of a parvovirus-free dog colony. Chapman, L.L.; Quimby, F.W.; Gilmartin, J.E.; Chapman, M.J.; Allen, L.M. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 19-21; 1985. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Pathogen free animals; Animal breeding; Canine parvovirus; Disease control   189                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Establishment of a Chinese hamster breeding colony. Calland, C.J.; Wightman, S.R.; Neal, S.B. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1986 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 36 (2): p. 183-185; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chinese hamster; Animal breeding methods; Reproductive performance; Record keeping   190                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Ethics, welfare, and laboratory animal management. Allan, D.J.; Blackshaw, J.K. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1986-1987. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 1-8; 1986-1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Ethics; Animal welfare; Animal testing alternatives; Laboratory rearing   191                               NAL Call. No.: QP1.A2 SUPPL. Ethology in animal quarters. Meyerson, B.J. Stockholm : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1986. Acta physiologica Scandinavica v. 128 (554): p. 24-31; 1986.  Paper presented at the "Second CFN Symposium on the Ethics of Animal Experimentation," August 12-14, 1985, Stockholm, Sweden.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Environment; Animal housing; Ethics; Animal behavior   192                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4761.A5 European Parliament condemns crates, battery cages and sow stalls but US guide condones them. Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1987. The Animal Welfare Institute quarterly v. 36 (3): p. 16-17. ill; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock housing; Battery cages; Crates; Parliament; Guidelines; Laboratory animals   193                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Evaluation of a one-way airflow system in an animal room based on counts of airborne dust particles and bacteria and measurements of ammonia levels. Yamauchi, C.; Obara, T.; Fukuyama, N.; Ueda, T. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 23 (1): p. 7-15; 1989 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Japan; Rats; Animal housing; Air flow; Ammonia; Dust; Bacteria; Air microbiology; Personnel; Allergies  Abstract:  Air cleanliness in the working area of an animal room equipped with a conventional turbulent flow air distribution systems was compared with that in a similar room fitted with a one-way-flow air distribution system; in this, the supply air flowed from the working area through the racks of cages and was removed from the exhaust side. Before the introduction of animals, the air in the working and exhaust areas of both rooms was ascertained to be Class 100. With animals in situ, however, whereas in the turbulent airflow room both the work space and exhaust air reached about Class 10 000 (with particle counts, bacterial counts and ammonia levels being almost the same) in the one-way-flow room, the air in the work space only went up to about Class 1000. With the addition of sliding doors or curtains in front of the rack in the one-way-flow room the work space air was maintained at Class 100 with almost no dust particles over 1 micromole in size, airborne bacteria or ammonia being detectable. A comparison of all factors measured showed that whereas in the turbulent flow room the contamination of the work space air was 91% of that of the exhaust air, in the one-way-flow room it was only 47%, with curtains added this was reduced to 7% and with sliding doors to only 2%. In the latter case, contamination levels increased markedly on both sides during and immediately after cage changing, but recovered to the pre- cage changing levels within 30 min in the personnel working ar ea within 60 min on the exhaust side.   194                               NAL Call. No.: aHV4762.A3A64 Evaluation of attempts to enrich the environment of single- caged non-human primates. Line, S.W.; Markowitz, H.; Morgan, K.N.; Strong, S. Beltsville, Md. : Animal Welfare Information Center, National Agricultural Library, [1989?]; 1989 Sep. Animal care and use in behavioral research : regulations, issues, and applications : based on an invited paper session presented at the 1988 meeting of the Animal Behavior Society / Janis Wiley Driscoll, editor. p. 103-117; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Enrichment; Animal welfare; Social interaction; Cage size; Toys; Foraging   195                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Evaluation of countermeasures for reduction of mouse airborne allergens. Sakaguchi, M.; Inouye, S.; Miyazawa, H.; Kamimura, H.; Yamazaki, S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Nov. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (6): p. 613-615; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Allergens; Mice; Sex differences; Air filters; Litter; Maize cobs; Prealbumin; Albumins; Air; Occupational hazards  Abstract:  Three kinds of countermeasures for reduction of mouse airborne allergens were evaluated with use of an air sampler and immunochemical methods. Mouse cages and the sampler were placed inside a flexible-film isolator, and concentrations of mouse major allergens in the air were measured. The levels of the airborne allergens, prealbumin and albumin, generated by 10 males, were 3,050 and 492 pg/m3, respectively. Those by 10 females were lower, 317 and 270 pg/m3, respectively. When mouse cages were covered with a filter cap, the airborne allergens inside the isolator were decreased by 90%. When corncob was used as bedding in place of wood shavings, the airborne allergens were decreased by 57 and 77%, respectively. Therefore, for reduction of mouse airborne allergens, we recommend using female mice, covering the cages with filter caps, and using corncob bedding.   196                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 An evaluation of intra-cage ventilation in three animal caging systems. Keller, L.S.F.; White, W.J.; Snider, M.T.; Lang, C.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 237-242. ill; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Cages; Ventilation; Gases; Pollutants; Animal health  Abstract:  Although temperature and relative humidity have been quantitated and their effects on research data studied, few studies have measured the air turnover rates at cage level. We evaluated the air distribution and air turnover rates in unoccupied shoe-box mouse cages, filter-top covered cages and shoe-box mouse cages housed in flexible film isolator by using discontinuous gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and smoke. Results showed that air turnover was most rapid in the unoccupied shoe-box mouse cage and slowest in the filter-top covered cage. Placing mice in the filter-top covered cage did not significantly improve the air turnover rate. Although filter-top covered cages reduce cage-to-cage transmission of disease, the poor air flow observed within these cages could lead to a buildup of gaseous pollutants that may adversely affect the animal's health.   197                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Evaluation of isolator caging systems for protection of mice against challenge with mouse hepatitis virus. Lipman, N.S.; Corning, B.F.; Saifuddin, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 134-140; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Viral hepatitis  Abstract:  Two isolator caging systems were evaluated against challenge with MHV-Y, an enterotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus. The systems were similar in that they both used an identical shoebox cage equipped with a polycarbonate filter top incorporating a Reemay filter. They differed in that one system supplied HEPA-filtered air through a grommet in the filter lid so that the cage was pressurized slightly. A rack holding 60 cages (30 front and back) was utilized. Thirty cages without filter tops housed one mouse each that had been infected orally with 19000 ID50 of MHV-Y and an uninfected cagemate. The remaining 30 cages, each housing 2 uninfected mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 cages. Group I cages (controls) had no Alter top; Group II cages were equipped with filter tops; and Group III were equipped with filter tops and intracage HEPA-filtered air. The cages housing uninfected mice were interspersed between, above, below and behind cages housing infected mice. The uninfected mice were maintained in contact with the MHV-Y infected mice for 8 weeks. Transmission of MHV-Y was determined serologically by indirect ELISA. All mice housed within the Group I cages (control) seroconverted to MHV, while only 4 mice (2 cages) seroconverted in Group II, and no mice seroconverted in Group III.   198                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Evaluation of social enrichment for aged rhesus macaques. Reinhardt, V.; Hurwitz, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 44 (1): p. 53-57; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Social environment  Abstract:  The effect of a compatible companion on the behaviour and bodyweight of eight previously single-caged, 31-36 years old rhesus macaques was assessed 16 months after pair formation. The aged subjects preferred to stay, in close proximity with their companion even though this reduced their available cage space. They spent on average 21% of the time (3 one-hour observations in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon) interacting with the companion in noninjurious species-typical ways. Affiliative interactions, i.e., grooming and huddling, accounted for more than 99% of total interaction time. Sharing a cage with a compatible con-specific did not jeopardize the subjects' general health, as reflected in their body weight development. It was concluded that single-caged rhesus macaques readily adapt to living with a companion who provides them with a species-adequate environment for the expression of their inherent social disposition.   199                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Evaluation of the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) as a laboratory research animal. Bird, D.M. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 3-9. ill; 1985. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Falco; Chickens; Japanese quails; Ducks; Laboratory animals; Facilities; Artificial insemination; Semen characters   200                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques. Reinhart, V. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Sep. Lab animal v. 18 (6): p. 31-33. ill; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Environment   201                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Evaluation of the preference to and behavioral effects of an enriched environment on male rhesus monkeys. Bayne, K.A.L.; Hurst, J.K.; Dexter, S.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 38-45; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Male animals; Environment; Enrichment; Perches; Toys; Animal behavior; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Two environments were provided to laboratory rhesus monkeys to determine if the animals spent more time (for the purposes of this study, defined as the cage side preference) in an enriched cage side than an unenriched cage side. The side (right or left) of a double-wide cage in which the animal spent the most time (as determined by Chi square analysis) was initially determined during baseline observations. The "nonpreferred" side was then enriched during the experimental phase of the study. The enrichment consisted of a perch, a Tug-A-Toy suspended inside the cage, a Kong toy suspended on the outside of the cage, and a grooming board mounted on the outside of the cage. No statistically significant changes in use of the enrichments were detected over time. Fifty percent of the animals switched cage side preference to the enriched side during the study. All subjects showed reduced behavioral pathology during exposure to the enriched environment with a return of behavioral pathology when the enrichments were removed.   202                                 NAL Call. No.: SF481.2.F56 Evaporate cooling versus tunnel ventilation. Jacobs, R.D.; Bucklin, R.A.; Harms, R.H.; Sloan, D.R. Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Agricultural Extension Service; 1992. Proceedings of the ... Florida Poultry Institute (501): p. 9; 1992.  Meeting held Oct 13-14, 1992, Gainesville, Florida.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Florida; Poultry housing; Evaporative cooling; Artificial ventilation   203                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Examining environmental enrichment. Chamove, A.S.; Anderson, J.R. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 183-202. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Cage size; Design; Animal behavior; Stress   204                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Experience with mammoth isolators. Nikkels, R.J. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 289-293. ill; 1985.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Isolation; Gnotobiotic animals; Equipment; Facilities   205                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The experimental animal unit (E.A.U.): structural modifications and improvements utilising sensible management practices. Carvalho, A.; Sydney, Australia; Martinic, G.; Zafiriou, N. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (3): p. 197-217; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Animal husbandry   206                                    NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Experts ponder simian well-being. Holden, C. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1988 Sep30. Science v. 241 (4874): p. 1753-1755. ill; 1988 Sep30.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Primates; Animal welfare; Cages; Environment; Animal experiments; Usda   207                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Facility design: choosing the right flooring. Douglas, F.; Harris, H.J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 May. Lab animal v. 22 (5): p. 51-54, 56-57; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratories; Floors   208                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Facility management: efficient management of office files. Holmes, D.D. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Apr. Lab animal v. 15 (3): p. 39-40; 1986 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Records; File management; Cages; Equipment   209                             NAL Call. No.: HV4764.U54 1992 Farm Animal and Research Facilities Protection Act of 1992 report (to accompany H.R. 2407). United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture Washington : D.C.? : U.S. G.P.O., 1992-; 1992-9999; Y 1.1/8:102-498/pt.1-. v. ; 24 cm. (Rept. / 102d Congress, 2d session, House of Representatives ; 102-498).  Caption title.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Shipping list no.: 92-0399-P (pt. 1).  "April 9, 1992"--Pt. 1. Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal rights activists; Fines (Penalties); Laboratory animals; Domestic animals; Laboratories   210                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Av5 A feather-trap system for the removal of chicken feathers from laboratory sewage. Beard, C.W.; Hammond, J.; Whittemore, A. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1992 Oct. Avian diseases v. 36 (4): p. 1028-1030; 1992 Oct.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Laboratory animals; Laboratory equipment; Feathers; Removal; Sewage  Abstract:  A simple feather-trap system is described for use on the drain lines of buildings housing poultry for research or other purposes where floors are frequently washed. The trap uses disposable plastic-mesh bags that can efficiently remove almost all feathers from the water, preventing sewer lines from being blocked by compacted feathers. Critical measurements and operational procedures are described.   211                                  NAL Call. No.: QL785.A725 Feeding ecology and laboratory predatory behavior toward live and artificial moving prey in seven rodent species. Timberlake, W.; Washburne, D.L. Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society; 1989 Feb. Animal learning & behavior v. 17 (1): p. 2-11; 1989 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Predation; Feeding behavior; Laboratory rearing; Cannibalism  Abstract:  The present research related the feeding ecology of seven rodent species to the reactions of laboratory-reared and prey-inexperienced members of each species both to live prey and to an artificial moving stimulus predicting food pellets. Feeding ecology was determined by the degree of carnivory, based on reported stomach contents and observations of feeding. Experiment 1 assessed predatory reactions to a live cricket placed in each animal's home cage. Killing and latency of eating the cricket were directly related to the degree of reported carnivory on moderately fast-moving arthropods. Experiment 2 examined behavior toward a rolling ball bearing that predicted delivery of food. Average percentages of trials with approach or contact of the bearing, and the conditional probability of a mouth contact were all positively related to the degree of reported carnivory and to cricket predation in Experiment 1. In addition, the topography of ball bearing contact for a species often resembled its topography of cricket contact. We conclude that (1) rodent predatory behavior can be studied in the laboratory using appropriate artificial stimuli and prey-inexperienced subjects, and (2) the predatory behavior of a species is based on underlying appetitive organization related to carnivory, including differential sensitivity to stimulus movement, motor preorganization, and susceptibility to conditioning. This appetitive organization appears to influence responding to both live and artificial prey.   212                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Field trial of a live streptomycin dependent Pasteurella multocida serotype A:12 vaccine in rabbits. Deeb, B.J.; DiGiacomo, R.F.; Bernard, B.L.; Silbernagel, S.M.; Chengappa, M.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 229-233; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Vaccination; Streptomycin; Pasteurella multocida; Serotypes; Live vaccines; Field experimentation  Abstract:  A live, steptomycin dependent, Pasteurella multocida (SDPM) serotype A:12 vaccine was evaluated for preventing pasteurellosis in two commercial rabbitries. Rabbits were inoculated intranasally at 5 weeks old with either 0.25 ml of vaccine containing 10(8) colony forming units/ml or 0.25 ml of diluent (control). A proportion of rabbits received a second intranasal inoculation 1 month later. Partial protection against P. multocida infection was observed 1 and 2 months after inoculation in rabbits given only one dose of vaccine. The incidence of clinical signs of pasteurellosis was similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated market-age rabbits inoculated 4 to 6 weeks previously. In does maintained in the breeding colony, P. multocida infection and upper respiratory disease occurred more frequently in vaccinated than nonvaccinated rabbits. Humoral antibody responses (IgA, IgM, IgG) followed longitudinally were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated does. Hence, the SDPM vaccine was not efficacious in controlling P. multocida infection at these two rabbitries.   213                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages. Wu, D.; Joiner, G.N.; McFarland, A.R. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (5): p. 499-504. ill; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Cages; Ventilation   214                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Free-environment rooms as alternative housing for squirrel monkeys. King, J.E.; Norwood, V.R. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 102-114. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Animal housing; Cages; Environment; Loose housing   215                                    NAL Call. No.: 410 IN84 The future of laboratory animal genetics. Festing, M.F.W. Oslo, Norway : The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985. ICLAS bulletin (56): p. 18-22; 1985.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Genetics; Animal breeding; Techniques   216                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Gene targeting technology for creating transgenic models of lymphopoiesis. Huang, M.T.F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 156-159; 1993 Apr.  Paper presented at a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Transgenic animals; Mice; Lymphocytes  Abstract:  Naturally occurring immunodeficient mouse strains express a variety of genetic defects in myeloid and/or lymphoid cell development. These strains have served as valuable animal models for studying immune cell differentiation and mechanisms of transplant rejection. Some of the most commonly used strains carry mutations at the nude, scid, beige, and/or xid loci. Gene targeting technology can now be used to directly modify endogenous alleles via homologous recombination with exogenous DNA. By performing DNA targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells, germline transmission of these modifications can be obtained by breeding chimeras generated from cloned ES cells. This approach can be used to target the inactivation, modification, or replacement of specific genes and has been used to examine the role of several alleles in hematopoiesis. This review describes the use of this technology to generate mutations that influence the development and function of T and B lymphocytes.   217                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Genetic diversity of laboratory gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica): effect of newly introduced wild- caught animals. Van Oorschot, R.A.H.; Williams-Blangero, S.; VandeBerg, J.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 255-260; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pernambuco; Paraiba; Opossums; Monodelphis domestica; Genetic differences; Phenotypes; Temporal variation; Genetic polymorphism; Gene frequency; Heterozygosity  Abstract:  The colony of gray, short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, the primary supplier of this species for research purposes, was founded with nine animals trapped in 1978 in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Since 1984, 14 newly acquired founders from the state of Paraiba, Brazil have contributed to the gene pool of the colony. The animals from Paraiba and their descendants are significantly larger than the founders from Pernambuco and their descendants. The two groups also differ significantly in several measurements of morphologic traits. The changes in proportional contribution of each founder to the colony, and changes in inbreeding coefficients during the colony's history, are evaluated. Using previously established markers and three newly identified markers (ACP2, APRT, and DIAL), we show that the Paraiba- derived animals differ significantly from the original founders in allele frequencies and heterozygosity. The genetic diversity of the colony has been substantially increased by acquisition of the new founders from Paraiba. The colony is highly polymorphic, with 22.2% of loci surveyed by protein electrophoresis being variable. We conclude that the genetic differences between populations and among projects within the colony should be considered in future colony management procedures and in selection of experimental subjects.   218                                    NAL Call. No.: TP1.J686 Genetic manipulation of laboratory and farm animals. Bulfield, G. London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology v. 43 (4): p. 265-272; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Laboratory animals; Genetic engineering; Hazards; Animal welfare; Animal breeding   219                                NAL Call. No.: SF407.R38G46 Genetic monitoring of inbred strains of rats a manual on colony management, basic monitoring techniques, and genetic variants of the laboratory rat. Hedrich, Hans J.; Adams, M. International Council for Laboratory Animal Science Stuttgart ; New York : Gustav Fischer Verlag,; 1990. xii, 539 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats as laboratory animals; Rats; Inbreeding   220                              NAL Call. No.: DISS  F1992302 Gesamtkorperfettgehalt und Fettzellgrosse bei weiblichen Mausen des Stammes "Heiligenberg" in Abhangigkeit von Alter, Zuchtnutzung und Haltungsflachengrosse / vorgelegt von Peter Schmidt  [Total body fat and fat cell size of female "Heiligenberg" mice and the relationship to age, breeding use and size of living space]. Schmidt, Peter Hannover : [s.n.],; 1992. 74 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.  Summary in English.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-73).  Language:  German   221                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Giardiasis in laboratory-housed squirrel monkeys: a retrospective study. Hamlen, H.J.; Lawrence, J.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (3): p. 235-239; 1994 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Saimiri sciureus; Giardiasis; Giardia; Incidence; Diarrhea; Symptoms  Abstract:  Giardia infection was diagnosed in a 1.5-year-old, group-housed, female squirrel monkey with diarrhea. A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of Giardia in the 190-member colony. Records were analyzed to determine whether any one of the following conditions applied: the animal had clinical signs referable to the gastrointestinal system; a fecal examination for ova and parasites was performed; gastrointestinal parasitism was revealed by necropsy; or a culture of samples from the gastrointestinal tract was performed. Analysis revealed a total of 19 monkeys, 68% (13/19) of which had gastrointestinal clinical signs. Giardia cysts were recovered from 33% (4/12) of monkeys with gastrointestinal signs in which fecal examinations were done. The yearly incidence of diarrhea in the colony was low at 0.61%; however, 33% (2/6) of the monkeys with diarrhea were positive for Giardia. Six animals had blood in the feces or rectal prolapse, in the absence of diarrhea, and 30% ( 2/6) of these animals were positive for Giardia. Of six animals without gastrointestinal clinical signs, 50% (3/6) had giardiasis, which was listed as an incidental finding. In light of these findings, an additional 16 healthy animals were examined for Giardia. Giardia cysts were recovered from 50% (3/6) of males and 70% (7/10) of females from which samples were obtained. Additionally, clean water consumed by the animals was negative for Giardia cysts, and facility waste water was positive. To our knowledge, this is the first report of giardiasis in squirrel monkeys.   222                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Good laboratory practice, 1976-1992, an overview. Dent, N.J. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 7-9; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratories; Regulations; European communities  Abstract:  Whilst the concept and procedures of Good Laboratory Practice are certainly nothing new, certain changes have occurred in both responsibilities and attitudes to this "Good Practice" in the 16 years since its inception by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America. It has certain implications for the animal technologist and benefits for the industry. It has not been seen as the bureaucratic straight-jacket that was initially envisaged, and in actual fact is now regarded as one of several "Good Practices" and part of a companys overall Total Quality Management (TQM) programme. The benefits that have clearly been seen following the implementation of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) are: a greater professionalism, less animal use, better science, a much more early thought process resulting in clear documentation and the ability to either review or to repeat studies of a similar nature at a considerable time in the future.   223                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Group housing: meeting the physical and social needs of the laboratory rabbit. Love, J.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (1): p. 5-11; 1994 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Rabbit housing; Groups; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Costs; Space requirements   224                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Group housing on floor pens and environmental enrichment in sandy lop rabbits. I. Batchelor, G.R. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (2): p. 109-120; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Floor pens; Groups; Environment; Enrichment; Animal behavior; Growth rate  Abstract:  During a twelve month period of observation, the behavioural repertoire of group housed rabbits was found to be greatly enhanced compared with that of singly caged rabbits. Increased space which allowed freedom of movement in all directions, together with environmental enrichment, significantly improved the quality of life. The group housed rabbits' ability to interact with their peers lead to varying amounts of aggression and the probable establishment of a hierarchical order. This may be disadvantageous for the lower ranking animals, although perhaps not as disadvantageous as life in solitary confinement.   225                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Group-housing rabbits. Love, J.A.; Hammond, K. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Sep. Lab animal v. 20 (8): p. 37-38, 40-43; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Pens; Animal behavior   226                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The guide: a comparison of the 1985 and 1978 editions. Knauff, D.R. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 May. Lab animal v. 15 (4): p. 45-47, 49, 51; 1986 May.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Animal housing; Surgery; Guides; Publications   227                          NAL Call. No.: HV4890.T78J37 1986 Guidelines for housing and care of laboratory animals. James Cook University of North Queensland. Experimentation Ethics Review Committee Townsville, Australia : Issued by the Committee,; 1986. ii, 34, x p. : ill. ; 30 cm.  Cover title.  March 1986.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare   228                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Guidelines for prevention of herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) infection in monkey handlers. Kaplan, J.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (6): p. 709-712; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Herpetoviridae; Disease transmission; Disease prevention; Facilities; Handling; Screening; Guidelines   229                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Guidelines for veterinary surgeons employed in scientific procedure establishments and breeding and supplying establishments. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan03. The Veterinary record v. 120 (1): p. 17-19; 1987 Jan03.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Veterinarians; Guidelines; Animal experiments; Animal health; Animal welfare; Laboratory animals   230                                    NAL Call. No.: SF406.G8 Guidelines on the care of laboratory animals and their use for scientific purposes. Royal Society (Great Britain),Universities Federation for Animal Welfare London : The Society ; Potters Bar, Herts : UFAW,; 1987-9999. v. ; 21 cm.  Errata sheets inserted.  Bibliography: v. 1., p. 27-29.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Standards; Animal housing; Standards; Animal experimentation; Standards; Animal welfare   231                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.434 Guinea pigs care and management..  Guinea pigs : care and management Ermeling, B. L.; Fish, R. E. University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by the Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington,; 1992. 62 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (25 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9024).  Developed for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Accompanying guide includes script.  Portions of this project have been funded by a grant from the National Agricultural Library.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Laboratory animals  Abstract:  Covers environment, nutrition, housing, breeding, sanitation, identification, and disease recognition and prevention.   232                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.433 Guinea pigs noninfectious diseases..  Guinea pigs : noninfectious diseases Terril, Lizabeth A.; Clemons, Donna J.; Wagner, Joseph E. University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by the Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington,; 1992. 47 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (26 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9026).  Developed for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Accompanying guide includes script.  Portions of this project have been funded by a grant from the National Agruicultural Library.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Laboratory animals  Abstract:  Covers recognition, significance, cause, diagnosis, treatment and control of common nutritional, metabolic, management-related, neoplastic, and other noninfectious diseases.   233                                 NAL Call. No.: SF407.A45H3 Haltung und Vermehrung von Amphibien in Labor und Terrarium  [Rearing and breeding amphibia in the laboratory and terrarium]. Herrmann, Hans-Joachim Schleusingen : Naturhistoriches Museum,; 1988. 64 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm. (Tagungsmaterial Amphibien).  Cover title. Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  German  Descriptors: Amphibians as laboratory animals; Amphibians   234                                 NAL Call. No.: Q180.57.H36 Handbook of facilities planning..  Facilities planning Ruys, Theodorus, New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, c1990-c1991; 1990-1991. 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Physical laboratories; Laboratory animals   235                             NAL Call. No.: SF406.W64  1994 Handbook of laboratory animal management and welfare. Wolfensohn, Sarah; Lloyd, Maggie Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press,; 1994. xi, 304 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. [281]-293) and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal experimentation   236                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Hazard reduction in animal research facilities. Richmond, J.Y. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Feb. Lab animal v. 20 (2): p. 23-25, 28-29; 1991 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Occupational hazards; Personnel   237                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Heritabilities of clinical chemical traits in chimpanzees. Williams-Blangero, S.; Butler, T.; Brasky, K.; Murthy, K.K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (2): p. 141-143; 1994 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzees; Heritability; Blood chemistry; Traits; Genetic effects; Genetic variation  Abstract:  Clinical chemical measures are commonly used biomarkers of health status in nonhuman primates and may also serve as important covariates or outcome variables in experimental protocols. There is a considerable range of normal variation in most clinical chemical traits and the determinants of this variation have been relatively unexplored in nonhuman primates used as animal models in biomedical research.This study assesses the evidence for genetic determinants of normal variation in nine clinical chemical traits (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, sodium, CO2, glucose, albumin, globulin, and total cholesterol concentrations) in an important animal model, the chimpanzee. We found significant moderate heritabilities for potassium, sodium, albumin, globulin, and total cholesterol. The results provide information useful for addressing issues in both genetic management and experimental research.   238                              NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Home-cage visual discrimination device for miniature swine. Sobotka, T.J.; Brown, R.H. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 89-94. ill; 1986. Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20, 1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Stress; Discrimination; Cages; Animal behavior   239                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 The housing and handling of marmosets and tamarins infected with AIDS and other retroviruses. Francis, L.; Moore, R.T.; Raymond, R.T.; Baskerville, A. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 99-103. ill; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Animal housing; Handling; Immunological diseases; Retroviridae   240                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The housing and maintenance of wild caught Uromastyx microlipes. Gardner, A.; Jones, P.; Harle, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 44 (1): p. 1-9; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lizards; Laboratory rearing  Abstract:  In this paper we have described the establishment and maintenance of a colony of 25 Uromastyx microlipes. Given good quality lizards, a nucleus of males and females will eventually be put aside to hopefully allow us to have a first captive breeding in the United Kingdom. The colony was established in May 1992 with the intention of keeping the lizards in good health for research purposes. To date 11 lizards have been successfully used. Furthermore, we hope to improve our techniques of husbandry on this particular species.   241                                NAL Call. No.: SF407.F39B56 Housing and management. Fox, J.G. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger; 1988. Biology and diseases of the ferret / [edited by] James G. Fox. p. 153-158. ill; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ferrets; Animal housing; Cages; Environment; Animal husbandry; Restraint of animals   242                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The housing and management of nine adult bulls on a semen collection study. Ford, G.R. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 44 (1): p. 31-38; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bulls; Laboratory rearing  Abstract:  This paper describes a four month study undertaken during 1990, the aim of which was to determine the effects of a test substance on semen quality and viability, in Hereford bulls. It describes the measures taken to prepare for the housing and management of such potentially dangerous animals, in knowledge of the fact that animals of this type had not previously been handled at HRC.   243                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Housing and welfare of laboratory rodents. Clough, G. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 239-244; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Animal housing; Laboratory rearing; Animal welfare; Ventilation; Relative humidity; Temperatures; Sounds; Cages   244                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Housing, breeding and selecting chickens of the Obese strain (OS) with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. Dietrich, H.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 345-352. ill; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Thyroid diseases; Autoimmune diseases; Hereditary diseases; Disease models; Chicken housing; Animal breeding; Selection methods  Abstract:  A management programme is described for a small colony of Obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous hereditary thyroiditis. Animals of this White Leghorn fine are used as an animal model for Hashimoto's thyroiditis of man to study possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in general and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in particular. Due to the severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the thyroid glands, OS chickens show symptoms of hypothyroidism, including small body size, subcutaneous and abdominal fat deposits, long silky feathers, small combs and wattles, cold sensitivity, low fertility and poor hatchability. Successful breeding of this line, especially in a small population, can therefore be done only if rigid precautions are taken in aspects of animal care. The selection of breeding stock, the principal requirements for adequate housing and food, the artificial insemination procedure, and recommendations for collecting and incubating chicken eggs are reported in detail. Precautions necessary during the incubation of fertilized eggs, and fertility and hatchability are reported. During the hatching period several specific features must be considered. The important role of staff involved in a small chicken breeding unit is emphasized.   245                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Housing, care and psychological well being of captive and laboratory primates. Segal, Evalyn F. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. : Noyes Publications,; 1989. xxxii, 544 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Noyes series in animal behavior, ecology, conservation, and management).  Includes index.  Bibliography: p. 421-476.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Primates; Psychology; Primates; Housing; Animal welfare   246                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Housing conditions and experimental results. Weihe, W.H. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 245-254; 1988.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Laboratory rearing; Animal experiments   247                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.N48 Housing, handling, and nutrition of salamanders. Jaeger, R.G. Bethesda, Md. : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1992. SCAW newsletter v. 14 (3): p. 11-14; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Caudata; Animal housing; Animal husbandry; Animal nutrition; Life history   248                                   NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Housing, husbandry, and welfare of rodents: January 1979 - June 1993. Shull, C.L. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1993 Jul. Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library (93-52): 84 p.; 1993 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Animal husbandry; Bibliographies   249                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Housing, production and life-maintenance of the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse. Mansfield, K.J.; Beales, P.E.; Williams, A.J.K.; Lampeter, E.F.; Pozzilli, P. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 29-37; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Laboratory rearing; Strains  Abstract:  In this paper we outline the history, maintenance, production and characteristics of a colony of Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice which has been established at The Medical College of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. This strain of mice spontaneously develops a form of insulin dependent diabetes which closely resembles that found in humans. The problems of maintaining a colony in which this disease occurs are discussed.   250                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Housing rabbits the unconventional way. Heath, M.; Stott, E. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Apr01. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (1): p. 13-25. ill; 1990 Apr01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Rabbit housing; Floor pens; Animal welfare   251                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 How the proposed regulations might impact a research facility. Butler, T.M. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 55-59. ill; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Texas; Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Legislation; Impact   252                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 How to briefly examine common laboratory animals. Silverman, J. New York : Media Horizons; 1988 May. Lab animal v. 17 (4): p. 38-39; 1988 May.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Rabbits; Rats; Mice; Primates; Facilities; Animal health; Veterinary services   253                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 How to increase employee participation in the lab animal environment. Hayden, C.C. New York : Media Horizons; 1987 Sep. Lab animal v. 16 (6): p. 47, 49; 1987 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Participative management   254                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Husbandry, breeding and maintenance of a viable population of cotton top tamarins (Sanguinus oedipus oedipus). Scullion, F.T. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1987 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 38 (3): p. 167-174; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Callithricidae; Animal husbandry; Animal breeding; Animal housing; Animal feeding; Handling; Animal welfare; Disease prevention; Endangered species  Abstract:  Members of the family Callithricidae are commonly used as laboratory primates and some species have been vital in certain areas of medical research. Constant erosion of the South American tropical rain forests, caused by logging for commercial and agricultural uses, has placed a number of species in danger of extinction in their natural habitat. Laboratory bred animals are helping to ease the pressure on natural populations whilst increasing the knowledge about particular species of tamarin as kept in the University of Bristol colony.   255                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Husbandry procedures and health problems associated with a long-term mouse study. Robbins, L. \u National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot; Ellender, M. Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 44 (3): p. 247-255; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal husbandry; Long term experiments; Plutonium; Americium; Uranium; Radionuclides; Toxicity; Sarcoma; Leukemia  Abstract:  In most breeding colonies mice are usually sacrificed at approximately 8 months of age. In the majority of experimental studies on the biokinetics of radionuclides, mice are killed before they are 18 months of age. For this toxicity study comparing the effects of incorporated radionuclides it was important that the CBA/H strain mice were kept for their full lifespan of approximately three years. Treatment, age and strain related problems are reported here.   256                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 Hygiene in the animal house., 6th ed. Eaton, P. London : Longman; 1987. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals / edited by Trevor B. Poole; editorial assistant, Ruth Robinson. p. 144-158; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Decontamination; Cleaning; Disinfection; Sterilizing; Barriers   257                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Hypoglycemia of squirrel monkey neonates: implications for infant survival. Brady, A.G.; Williams, L.E.; Abee, C.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 May. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (3): p. 262-265; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Saimiri; Hypoglycemia; Blood sugar; Normal values; Survival; Neonatal mortality; Age differences; Newborn animals; Hemoglobin  Abstract:  Neonatal deaths are a serious problem in breeding colonies of squirrel monkeys. Seriously ill neonates in our colony are always hypoglycemic on presentation. To determine normal glucose values for squirrel monkey infants of various ages, serum glucose determinations were done at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 days and 1 month of age using a standard laboratory test for serum glucose. Glucose concentration increased from a low of 49 +/- 3 mg/dl (Mean +/- SEM) at 1 day (n = 21) to 109 +/- 4 mg/dl at 1 month of age (n = 17). Glucose values for 1, 3 and 7 day-old infants were significantly lower than 1 month- old infants (P < .05) To provide a time-averaged indication of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) measurements were made at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 1 year of age and in adults (> 3 years of age). GHb values ranged from 2.6% +/- 0.1 for 1 day old infants (n = 13) to 4.0 +/- 0.2 for adults (n = 10) with a steady increase during the first 2 months of life. Animals 1 year of age and younger had significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin than adults. These studies indicate that blood glucose concentration is significantly lower in squirrel monkey neonates than in older infants, juveniles and adults. Maternal rejection, trauma, and associated problems occur commonly in socially reared squirrel monkeys. The marginal hypoglycemic state of these infants places them at high risk for clinical hypoglycemia as a sequel to such perturbations.   258                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Identification, capture, and biotelemetry of socially living monkeys. Rasmussen, K.L.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 350-354; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal housing; Groups; Identification; Capture of animals; Telemetry; Monitoring; Physiological functions  Abstract:  Remote monitoring of physiologic function using socially living monkeys differs from that using individually housed animals in that access to subjects may be limited. Some logistic aspects of working with socially housed monkeys are reviewed, including identification of individuals and capturing subjects. Methods of remote sampling include hormonal assays of urine and fecal samples, measurement of physical indices as estimates of reproductive status, and the use of telemetry devices to record activity and biopotentials. Key factors in the selection of a telemetry system are discussed. In many cases, remote monitoring may permit assessment of physiologic function without the stress of handling or restraint.   259                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Immunogenetic aspects of a canine breeding colony. Ladiges, W.C.; Deeg, H.J.; Raff, R.F.; Storb, R. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (1): p. 58-62. ill; 1985 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Animal breeding; Immunogenetics; Phenotypes   260                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The impact of the GLPs on lab animal research. Soave, O.; Tufts, N.R. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Mar. Lab animal v. 15 (2): p. 39, 41, 43, 45; 1986 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Regulations; Research policy; Facilities; Records   261                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The importance of and difficulties encountered with diagnosis of disease in laboratory animals. Whittaker, D. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (1): p. 23-29; 1989 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal diseases; Diagnosis; Handling; Postmortem examinations  Abstract:  Despite major advances in breeding and maintaining laboratory animals, disease problems continue to interfere with research projects. Many of these diseases are of a sub- clinical nature and their effects are only observed at post- mortem or even only under histopathological evaluation. Other diseases are more dramatic in their effect to the extent that it may be necessary to terminate an experiment due to the morbidity, clinical effects or even mortality. Even veterinary diagnostic protocols, techniques and procedures are often missing from laboratory animal units. Thought should be given to establishing standard operating procedures for handling animals and post-mortem material suspected of being diseased.   262                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Improved cage design for single housing of social nonhuman primates. Bielitzki, J.; Susor, T.G.; Elias, K.; Bowden, D.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 428-431; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Cages; Design; Animal welfare   263                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Improved housing of mice, rats and guinea-pigs: a contribution to the refinement of animal experiments. Scharmann, W. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1991 Feb. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 19 (1): p. 108-114; 1991 Feb. Paper presented at the fifth meeting of the Italian Group for the Application of Tissue Cultures in Toxiciology, May 31-June 1, 1990, Milan, Italy. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Cages; Animal welfare  Abstract:  The keeping of experimental animals requires housing systems appropriate to the needs and behaviour of each species, as demanded by various supranational and national guidelines. It is questionable whether conventional housing systems for rodents such as mice, rats and guinea-pigs meet this demand. It is suggested that the housing of laboratory rodents should be improved by the use of larger and more appropriate cage types, as well as by reducing the monotony of conventional housing systems.   264                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 Improving the housing and care of laboratory pigeons and rats. Schmorrow, D.D.; Ulrich, R.E. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; 1991. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 5: p. 299-305; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigeons; Rats; Cages; Space requirements; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Animal welfare   265                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Improving the micro environment of caged laboratory macaques. Reinhardt, V.; Zweifel, D.; Pape, D. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (3): p. 179-183; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Microenvironments; Cages   266                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Inapparent Streptococcus pneumoniae type 35 infections in commercial rats and mice. Fallon, M.T.; Reinhard, M.K.; Gray, B.M.; Davis, T.W.; Lindsey, J.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 129-132; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rats; Mice; Respiratory diseases; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Symptoms; Isolation  Abstract:  Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from specific-pathogen-free rodents in two rooms at a commercial breeding facility during vendor surveillance testing. In a survey of 274 animals from the two rooms over a period of 7 months, capsular serotype 35 S. pneumoniae was isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of 11% (9 of 82) of C57BL/6 mice in room A and 14% (10 of 72) of F344 rats in room B, but not from WKY rats, BALB/c mice or DBA/2 mice from room A. In both C57BL/6 mice and F344 rats, older rodents had higher colonization frequencies. Nasal lavage cultures gave the best results in identifying colonized rodents. No clinical illness or microscopic lesions were associated with pneumococcal colonization in rats or mice, and no other evidence of potential pathogen infection was found except for positive serologic tests for mouse rotavirus in mice. This is the first report of natural pneumococcal infection in mice, and the first report of type 35 S. pneumoniae infection in rodents. The findings support an earlier observation that pneumococcal infections in rat colonies tend to be monotypic and suggest that the same may be true in mice.   267                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 The incidence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a commercial barrier-maintained rabbit breeding colony. Greenstein, G.; Drozdowicz, C.K.; Garcia, F.G.; Lewis, L.L. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 25 (4): p. 287-290; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Incidence; Serological surveys; Colonies  Abstract:  Between 1982 and 1987 sera from 495 Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) obtained from a single commercial supplier were tested for the presence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi. A commercially available carbon immunoassay test kit was used. Initially 32.9% of the rabbits were seropositive with the number progressively decreasing to 2.3% by 1987. The reason for the significant decline in the incidence of infection was most likely due to a selection process for breeding stock instituted by the supplier based upon productivity, posture and weight of each animal.   268                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 An inexpensive, climate-controlled enclosure for gibbons utilizing appropriate technology. Dahl, J.F. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 323-335. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pongidae; Climate control; Environmental control; Animal housing; Design; Facilities   269                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Inexpensive outdoor enclosure for Japanese macaques used in biobehavioral research. Crowley, T.J.; Goebel, A.; Nesbitt, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (5): p. 420-424. ill; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Animal housing; Facilities; Animal research; Animal behavior  Abstract:  For studies of alcohol self-administration in a monkey social group, we effectively and humanely enclosed nine Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in an ellipse 32 X 40m, with a 1 m high chain-link fence surmounted by a 3 m curtain of electrically conductive nylon net. High-voltage brief-pulse charges prevent climbing on the net. Materials for this fence cost less than $14.50 per running meter. Weeds and grass grew freely within the ellipse, and seven dead trees interconnected with ropes permitted climbing and swinging. An open, roofed gazebo provided sun and rain shelter, and its single wall blocked the prevailing wind. Mouth activated drinkometer spouts in the corral supplied solutions for voluntary alcohol self-administration. Automatic counters informed an observer of exact doses consumed by each subject. Another observer recorded the frequency of occurrence of various social behaviors. A small kennel run, roofed over with chain-link fencing, connected the corral with a paddock-like, partially heated building, to and from which the monkeys usually had free access. It contained three interconnected chain-link pens. A raceway opening from the pens incoporated a squeeze cage used for weighing animals, drawing blood samples, or administering medications. This unique facility promotes the psychological well-being of research primates, which is being mandated by federal law.   270                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Infection of rabbits with Sendai virus. Machii, K.; Otsuka, Y.; Iwai, H.; Ueda, K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 334-337; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Japan; Rabbits; Murine paramyxovirus; Infectivity; Antibody titer; Disease transmission  Abstract:  Rabbits were either inoculated with Sendai virus (SV), strain MN, or caged with virus-inoculated rabbits on the same day of the viral inoculation, and examined for viral shedding and detection of viral antigens in the respiratory tract, histopathologic changes, and serum antibodies. Infectious virus was recovered from nasal swabs at postinoculation day (PID) 3 and disappeared by PID 10. Viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in epithelial cells of the nasal cavities, but not of the trachea and lungs from PID 3 to PID 10, and antibodies were detected after PID 7. Rabbits had no clinical manifestations and only exhibited a moderate increase in goblet cells of the nasal epithelium. In the transmission study, virus was recovered from one of three uninoculated rabbits at postexposure day (PED) 10 and antibodies were detected at PED 15 in the same rabbit. These data suggest that, although viral multiplication was limited to the nasal epithelium, laboratory rabbits are susceptible to Sendai virus infection.   271                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Infection of SDAV-immune rats with SDAV and rat coronavirus. Weir, E.C.; Jacoby, R.O.; Paturzo, F.X.; Johnson, E.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 363-366; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Sialodacryoadenitis virus; Coronavirus; Immunity; Reinfection; Disease transmission; Disease course  Abstract:  Infection of rats with sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) or rat coronavirus (RCV) is acute and self-limiting, and elimination and control of either virus is based on the assumption that recovered rats are immune to reinfection. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether SDAV-immune rats could be infected with RCV or reinfected with SDAV. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were inoculated intranasally with SDAV or with culture medium alone and serial SDAV antibody titers were obtained. Eleven months after inoculation, when antibody titers had stabilized, SDAV-immune and nonimmune rats were challenged with SDAV or RCV, and euthanatized 3 or 6 days later. SDAV-immune rats challenged with SDAV or RCV manifested acute rhinitis associated with virus antigen by 3 days after inoculation, but no lesions or antigen were subsequently found in the lower respiratory tract, salivary glands or lacrimal glands. There was also a marked anamnestic increase in antibody titer by 6 days after challenge. SDAV-immune rats challenged with SDAV or RCV also transmitted infection to nonimmune cage mates. This study indicates that 11 months after primary, infection with SDAV, rats can be infected with SDAV or RCV, but that the severity of disease is significantly reduced.   272                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys. Line, S.W.; Morgan, K.N.; Markowitz, H.; Strong, S. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (9): p. 1523-1526; 1989 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Cage size; Heart rate; Animal behavior; Vocalization; Animal welfare  Abstract:  We studied 6 singly caged adult female rhesus monkeys to determine whether increased cage size had any effect on behavior or heart rate. Two monkeys at a time were placed in cages 40% larger than their standard cage for 1 week on 2 occasions, using a counter-balanced design. Direct behavioral observations were performed 75 minutes/week on each monkey. Heart rate and general activity were monitored 35 hours/week by a telemetry system. Statistically significant differences were not found in aggressive, submissive, abnormal, or self-abusive behavior, nor in time spent in the front half of the cage, duration of grooming, looking at the observer, or stereotyped or nonstereotyped locomotion. Vocalizations increased the first time in the larger cage, but not the second, and decreased upon the second return to the standard cage. Differences with respect to cage size were not found in heart rate or activity level, although there were significant variations at different times of day. We conclude that modest increases in cage size are unlikely to enrich the environment of singly caged laboratory primates.   273                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Influence of housing conditions on beagle behaviour. Hetts, S.; Clark, J.D.; Calpin, J.P.; Arnold, C.E.; Mateo, J.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 137-155; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Pens; Cages; Animal housing; Animal behavior; Social interaction; Isolation; Space requirements; Animal welfare   274                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Influence of photoperiod, isolation and escape option on weight gain of golden hamsters. Hoffman, R.A.; Habeeb, P. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1988 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 39 (2): p. 93-98; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Golden hamster; Photoperiod; Isolation; Weight gain; Animal housing; Animal burrows   275                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Infrequent shedding and transmission of Herpesvirus simiae from seropositive macaques. Weir, E.C.; Bhatt, P.N.; Jacoby, R.O.; Hilliard, J.K.; Morgenstern, S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 541-544; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Macaca fascicularis; Herpesviridae; Epizootiology; Disease transmission; Environmental factors; Quarantine; Animal breeding; Caesarean section; Parturition; Stress  Abstract:  The epizootiologic properties of Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) were studied in singly housed macaques (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) in a biomedical vivarium to determine whether commonly encountered environments and procedures such as quarantine, breeding, Caesarean section, parturition, and social stress induced virus shedding and transmission. Macaques were tested serologically and for infectious virus. Oral, conjunctival, and vaginal swab samples were obtained repeatedly. Virus excretion was not detected during a 7-week quarantine of 32 newly acquired, singly housed animals tested every other week for 6 weeks, and none of 19 seronegative animals from this group seroconverted during 7 weeks in quarantine. No virus shedding was detected in 16 seropositive animals tested weekly for 3 weeks after Caesarean section or normal parturition or in 11 seropositive animals following introduction of new males to animal rooms. One animal seroconverted after repeated breeding of seropositive animals to seronegative partners. Fifty-three singly housed offspring remained seronegative for up to 10 years, even if born to seropositive dams, and only 1 of 86 singly housed animals less than 7 years old was seropositive. These results suggest that shedding of B virus from seropositive macaques is uncommon, when subjected to common laboratory procedures or environments, and that transmission is rare in singly housed animals. These results may be useful in establishing B virus- free colonies of macaques.   276                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 An innovative technical approach for repetitive intratracheal instillation without anesthesia in small animals. Blouin, A.; Kingma, I.; Boutet, M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (3): p. 274-279; 1994 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Golden hamsters; Drug delivery systems; Trachea  Abstract:  Intratracheal instillation in small laboratory animals often involves repeated anesthesia and upper airway intubation. To facilitate this approach, we developed an indwelling system for repeated intratracheal administrations that was assembled from widely available simple components. Its installation can be considered a minor surgical procedure and is done under sterile surgical conditions. This system allows repeated intratracheal administration of substances in the lungs in unanesthetized animals, with the possibility to increase the frequency of instillations and lower the dose. Thoracic radiography was performed to document the reliability of this permanent instillation system. Furthermore, a potent toxic nitrosamine (NNK; N-nitrosamine 4- [nitrosomethylamino]-1-[3-pyridil]-1-butanone) was used to demonstrate appreciable pulmonary toxicity at low dosage but with repetitive administration. This simple technique brings a significant simplification and improvement to small animal studies that require repeated bronchoalveolar administration of substances.   277                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Interspecific contrasts in response of macaques to transport cage training. Clarke, A.S.; Mason, W.A.; Moberg, G.P. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 305-309; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Transport of animals; Cages; Training (animal); Animal behavior; Adrenal cortex hormones  Abstract:  Corticosteroid values in response to brief confinement in a transport cage were compared between rhesus, bonnet, and crabeating macaques before and after they were trained to enter the cage. Behavioral data were collected to assess performance during training. Species differences were found both in training measures and in corticosteroid response to confinement in the transport cage after training. Bonnets took longer to train than rhesus or crabeaters. Rhesus showed the smallest adrenocortical response to cage confinement after training and crabeaters the greatest, suggesting that this group habituated more slowly to confinement than the other two groups. The results have implications for choice of experimental subject species and for management and husbandry of laboratory primates.   278                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Introduction of Salmonellae into a centralized laboratory animal facility by infected day old chicks. Nicklas, W. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 21 (2): p. 161-163; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Animal husbandry; Laboratory animals; Facilities; Salmonella; Salmonellosis   279                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to bedding materials., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 66-79; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Facilities; Floors; Litter; Wood shavings; Quality controls   280                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to housing, identification, and husbandry techniques for rodents., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 80-102. ill; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Animal housing; Identification; Animal husbandry; Cages; Boxes; Feed dispensers; Environment; Animal health   281                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to laboratory animal caging., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 53-65; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Cages; Boxes; Plastics; Metals   282                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to procurement and obtaining sources for laboratory animals., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 44-48; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Supplies; Facilities; Management   283                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to the domestic cat., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 189-194; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cat; Animal husbandry; Animal anatomy; Physiology; Restraint; Handling; Animal breeding; Animal experiments   284                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.S5 1986 An introduction to the rabbit., [Rev. 1986]. Bethesda, Md.? : Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences?, 1986? :.; 1986. The use of animals in research / compiled by Richard C. Simmonds. p. 173-188; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Animal husbandry; Handling; Animal housing; Cages; Identification; Rabbit feeding; Euthanasia; Animal health   285                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Investigating genetic variability between the MHS hypertensive strain of rats and its normotensive control, MNS. Barber, B.R.; Torielli, L.; Ferrandi, M.; Ferrari, P.; Salardi, S.; Parenti, P.; Duzzi, L. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 191-196; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Strains; Genetic variation; Hypertension; Breeding programs   286                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Investigators' interrelationship with laboratory animals. Bustad, L.K. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (special issue): p. 167-170; 1987 Jan.  In the series analytic: Effective animal care and use committees / edited by F.B. Orlans, R.C. Simmonds, W.J. Dodds.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Animal nutrition; Animal experiments; Animal health; Handling   287                                 NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7I67 IPS international guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates..  International guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates Else, James G. International Primatological Society, Captive Care Committee, Institute of Primate Research (Kenya) Kenya : Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya,; 1988. 27 p. ; 24 cm. (Primate report ; 25).  October 1989.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 18).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Amimal welfare   288                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Is social housing of primates always the optimal choice?., 1st ed.;. Coe, C.L. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 78-92; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal housing; Social environment; Animal welfare   289                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Isolation cubicles: space and cost analysis. Ruys, T. New York : Nature Publishing Company; 1988 Aug. Lab animal v. 17 (5): p. 25-30. ill; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Animal housing; Isolation; Space requirements; Cost analysis   290                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Isolation-induced renal functional changes in rats from four breeders. Vadiei, K.; Berens, K.L.; Luke, D.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 56-59; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Strains; Strain differences; Renal function; Isolation  Abstract:  The investigation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity depends on the adequate estimation of renal function at baseline and upon completion of the study. Typically, this procedure requires housing of the animal in an individual wire-bottom metabolic cage to facilitate complete urine collection. The present study compared the effects of 4 consecutive days of isolation on Sprague-Dawley rats from four breeders: Harlan Sprague-Dawley, Charles River Laboratories, BioLab and TIMCO Breeders. Following 4 days of isolation, weight loss was not significantly different between groups. However, urine flow rate declined significantly (p < 0.0005) in TIMCO and Charles River breeder rat groups during the study period compared to baseline values and other groups. Serum creatinine levels were 63% greater (p < 0.01) with a 40% decline in creatinine clearance (p < 0.0001) after 4 days of isolation in TIMCO rats. Although a 59% decrease in baseline creatinine clearance was found in Charles River rats after 96 hours of isolation (p < 0.0005), the mean baseline value was 38% greater than other rat groups (p = 0.04). Fractional reabsorption of sodium was 4.4% less (p < 0.001) in TIMCO rats compared to baseline. Fractional excretion of potassium was highly variable in all rat groups. We conclude that animal isolation was associated with a significant change in renal function in TIMCO rats which was not observed in others. Caution is required to consider the source of the rat, and also duration of isolation, in studies requiring the passive assessment of renal function.   291                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Ivermectin eradication of pinworms from rats kept in ventilated cages. Huerkamp, M.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 86-90; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Ivermectin; Syphacia  Abstract:  Studies using rats that were naturally infested with Syphacia muris and kept in forced-air, individually ventilated cages showed that ivermectin given orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg for three treatments at 7- or 9-day intervals was eradicative. Paired ivermectin treatments given at 7- or 9-day intervals were ineffective in eliminating parasitism. Pinworm eggs persisted on the perianal region of rats for up to 17 days and eggs were also present in soiled contact bedding within cages and on surfaces within the animal room. Anal tapes as a diagnostic test had 88% sensitivity in detecting pinworms.   292                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Kong toys for laboratory primates: are they really an enrichment or just fomites?. Bayne, K.A.L.; Dexter, S.L.; Hurst, J.K.; Strange, G.M.; Hill, E.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 78-85; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Toys  Abstract:  Simple toys as enrichment devices have been associated with a rapid decline in their use by nonhuman primates. Other facets of toy presentation have not been described previously. For example, a comparison of the effect(s) of an enrichment device between two facilities should be validated if enrichment recommendations are to be made that affect diverse research facilities across the country. Additionally, a comparison of two methods of presentation (one highly accessible to the animal and the other less accessible) of the same enrichment device for potential differences in efficacy could provide direction in implementing an enrichment program based on simple toys. The handling of enrichment devices by nonhuman primates can lead to the spread of microbial contamination. The typical enrichment program rotates enrichment devices among animals to maximize the variety of stimuli available to each primate in the most economic manner. An adequate sanitation program is therefore pivotal to minimizing the potential for enrichment devices to be fomites. We conducted three experiments that addressed these issues. The results confirmed that, although the presence of a simple toy reduced behavioral pathology, there was variability in behavioral effect for an enrichment technique between facilities. Two methods of presentation (on floor and suspended) of a simple toy did not produce any significant differences in use. Finally, we demonstrated that microbial growth can persist on enrichment devices after they have been sanitized in a commercial cagewasher.   293                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The Laboratory Animal Breeders' Association Accreditation Scheme for commericially bred laboratory animals within the United Kingdom. Bantin, G.C.; Smith, M.W. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1985 May. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 36 (1): p. 1-6; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Laboratory animals; Breeders' associations; Accreditation; Animal breeding   294                                   NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Laboratory animal facilities and management: January 1985-July 1992. Berry, D.J. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-58): 94 p.; 1992 Aug.  Updates QB 91-43. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Laboratories; Cages; Animal experiments; Bibliographies   295                                    NAL Call. No.: SF77.A22 Laboratory animal facilities fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care as of April 1, 1986. New Lenox, Ill. : The Association; 1986 Apr. AAALAC activities report - American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care v. 14: p. 8-15; 1986 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Facilities; Accreditation; Directories   296                             NAL Call. No.: NA6751.Y64 1992 Laboratory animal facility planning and design. Yokel, Uri AEPA Architects Engineers, P.C. Washington, D.C. : AEPA Architects Engineers, P.C., 1992?; 1992. 28 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.  Caption title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Architecture; Laboratory animals   297                                    NAL Call. No.: 410 IN84 Laboratory animal management in Malaysia. Baskaran, G. Oslo, Norway : The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988. ICLAS bulletin (62): p. 26-28; 1988.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Malaysia; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Facilities   298                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Laboratory animal science in Czechoslovakia. Klir, P. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 35-40; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Czechoslovakia; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Animal breeding; Animal experiments; Germ free husbandry   299                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Laboratory care and breeding of the African clawed frog. Dawson, D.; Schultz, T.W.; Shroeder, E.C. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Apr. Lab animal v. 21 (4): p. 31-36; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Xenopus laevis; Animal husbandry; Animal breeding   300                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Laboratory management and husbandry of the Japanese medaka. Grady, A.W.; Greer, I.E.; McLaughlin, R.M. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Mar. Lab animal v. 20 (3): p. 22-28; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Freshwater fishes; Laboratory rearing   301                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Laboratory management of the ferret for biomedical research. Moody, K.D.; Bowman, T.A.; Lang, C.M. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (3): p. 272-279. ill; 1985 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ferrets; Laboratory rearing; Animal breeding; Animal housing; Animal nutrition; Zoonoses; Medical research   302                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Laboratory swine--principles of husbandry and research techniques. Dopson, D.C. \u Brompton Hospital, London Sussex : The Institute; 1993 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 44 (3): p. 175-200; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Pig housing; Handling; Anesthesia; Miniature pigs; Strain differences; Veterinary medicine; Animal models  Abstract:  Pigs are anatomically and physiologically similar to man in many ways. A fact which is supported by many and diverse scientific studies. However, they may be overlooked as research models for reasons of the presumed difficulties to be encountered in maintaining and handling animals of potentially great size. In fact, the type of pig available in the United Kingdom ranges from the Large White or Yorkshire pig which may weigh > 200 kg to the Yucatan Miniature Pig which is considerably smaller and lighter at < 70 kg. There are a number of possible advantages to using pigs over other species in the laboratory and some selected points will be considered in this paper. The requirements for routine care and techniques for minor regulated procedures are also described. Emphasis is also placed on current perspectives in cardio- respiratory research for which the pig is a particularly suitable animal model.   303                              NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Labortory methodology and management of swine in biomedical research. Panepinto, L.M. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 97-109. ill; 1986.  Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20, 1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Medical research; Laboratory methods; Animal husbandry; Restraint of animals; Animal nutrition; Pig housing; Animal welfare   304                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L353 LAMA lines newsletter of the Laboratory Animal Management Association. Laboratory Animal Management Association Silver Spring, MD : The Association,; 1986-9999. v. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Description based on: Vol. 2, no. 7 (Sept./Oct. 1987); title from caption.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals   305                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.L35 The LAMA review journal of the Laboratory Animal Management Association. Laboratory Animal Management Association Silver Spring, Md. : The Association,; 1989-9999. v. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Description based on: Vol. 1, no. 3 (summer 1989); title from cover.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Management; Periodicals   306                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus) in captivity. Taff, M.A.; Dolhinow, P. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 291-304. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cercopithecidae; Laboratory animals; Animal behavior; Group behavior; Space requirements; Diets; Cages; Careproviders   307                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Legislation policy attitudes: impacting ARF management. Black, H.S.; Doepel, F.M. New York : Media Horizons; 1985 Apr. Lab animal v. 14 (3): p. 40-43. ill; 1985 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Legislation; History   308                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 The licensing and control of animal experimentation in Norway. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1988 Mar. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 15 (3): p. 260; 1988 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Norway; Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Facilities; Inspection; Regulations; Licensing; Animal welfare   309                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4735.W7 Local animal control management. Wright, Phyllis; Cassidy, Barbara A.; Finney, Martha Management Information Service Washington, D.C. : Management Information Service, International City Management Association,; 1986. 20 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (MIS report ; v. 18, no. 7 (July 1986)).  Cover title. Bibliography: p. 16.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animals; Control; Municipal services; Animals and civilization; Human-animal relationships; Pounds; Animal welfare   310                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Long term animal studies. Bennett, C.L.; Davis, R.T. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 213-234; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal housing; Laboratory rearing; Aging; Models; Groups; Longevity; Social behavior   311                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Long-term data on the reproduction and maintenance of a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) 1972-1983. Box, H.O.; Hubrecht, R.C. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 21 (3): p. 249-260; 1987 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Animal housing; Diets; Reproduction; Sex ratio; Mortality; Data analysis   312                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Lymphoblastic lymphoma in a colony of N:NIH (S)-bg-nu-xid mice. Waggie, K.S.; Wu-Owens, J.; Hollifield, V.; Hansen, C.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 375-377; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Lymphoma  Abstract:  During a 1-year period, 28 animals from a breeding colony of N:NIH(S)-bg-nu-xid mice were discovered to have rapidly enlarging subcutaneous swellings in the ventral, cervical, and axillary regions. Five of the mice also had hind limb paresis. Twenty-two of the mice were heterozygous nude females, five were homozygous nude males, and one was a homozygous nude female. All of the above mice were homo- or hemizygous for the beige and X-linked immunodeficiency mutations. The average age of the mice was 8.3 months. Generalized enlargement of the peripheral and internal lymph nodes was present at the time of necropsy examination. Other lesions commonly noted at necropsy included splenomegaly (15 mice), pale and thickened ventral lumbar spinal musculature (11 mice), and opaque, thickened meninges of the brain (10 mice). Histologic examination consistently disclosed infiltrates of neoplastic lymphoblasts in multiple tissues including lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and meninges of the brain and spinal cord. The cells were positive for IgG on immunofluorescent staining, suggesting that the tumors were of B cell origin. The neoplasms observed in these mice have several similarities to tumors found in immunodeficient humans, suggesting that these mice may serve as useful animal models of lymphoma.   313                                    NAL Call. No.: SF406.L2 The main provisions of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Morton, D.B. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services for Laboratory Animals; 1988. Laboratory Animal Science Association Silver Jubilee 1988 : collected papers to celebrate LASA's 25th anniversary / edited by J.H. Seamer. p. 27-35; 1988.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Legislation; Facilities; Research projects; Licensing   314                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Maintenance of primates in captivity for research: the need for naturalistic environments. Pereira, M.E.; Macedonia, J.M.; Haring, D.M.; Simons, E.L. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 40-60. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal research; Environment; Capture of animals; Natural history; Medical research; Nature conservation; Diets; Animal housing; Facilities   315                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The maintenance of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), the desert locust in a controlled environment. Matthews, D.A. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (2): p. 87-95; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Schistocerca gregaria; Rearing techniques; Animal husbandry  Abstract:  A regular supply of Schistocerca gregaria were required for neurobiological research at the Anatomy Department of the University of Wales College Cardiff. A breeding colony was therefore established within a conventiontal Animal Unit to provide these locusts at known stages during their development. This paper is intended to provide information which should prove useful to those who may be considering establishing a similar colony, or to those existing colony holders who may wish to compare and contrast the information described here with their own results. The life cycle of Schistocerca gregaria is divided into three main stages, the egg, the nymph and the adult. The holding conditions provided in our colons for adult locusts are described in this paper.   316                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Management of an infestation of sucking lice in a colony of rhesus macaques. Mader, D.R.; Anderson, J.H.; Roberts, J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 252-255. ill; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Rhesus monkeys; Ectoparasitoses; Anoplura; Pediculus; Pest control; Insecticides   317                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Management of craniotomy in young rabbits. Alberius, P.; Klinge, B.; Isaksson, S. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 23 (1): p. 70-72; 1989 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Young animals; Skulls; Surgical operations  Abstract:  A safe and easy-to-manage technique for various craniotomy procedures in young rabbits has been developed. This technique, which minimizes the need for special instrumentation, has been tested in 90 animals with a minimal mortality and morbidity: one death perioperatively caused by sagittal sinus bleeding and one rabbit disclosing a brief period of postoperative illness, respectively. The technique, including postsurgical strategy, is described in detail.   318                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.V38 The management of Japanese quail and their use in virological research: a review. Ratnamohan, N. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Feb. Veterinary research communications v. 9 (1): p. 1-14; 1985 Feb.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Poultry rearing; Virology; Laboratory animals; Japanese quails   319                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Management of newly imported primates. Welshman, M.D. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1985 Nov. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 36 (2): p. 125-135; 1985 Nov.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Imports; Imported breeds; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Animal housing   320                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The management of post-operative pain and distress in experimental animals. Flecknell, P.A. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1985 Nov. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 36 (2): p. 97-103; 1985 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Pain; Standards; Improvement; Analgesics; Surgical operations; Animal welfare; Anesthetics   321                          NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9P6713 1984 Management of reproduction in a breeding colony of bushbabies. Izard, M.K.; Simons, E.L. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] : Cambridge University Press; 1986. Primate ecology and conservation / edited by James G. Else, Phyllis C. Lee. p. 315-323; 1986.  Paper presented at the "Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of the International Primatological Society," July 1984, Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal breeding methods; Laboratory rearing; Reproduction   322                            NAL Call. No.: HV4708.O56  1992 A manual of standard operating procedures for animal facilities. Olson, Merle E.; Morck, Douglas W.; Nabrotzky, Viola C. A. Calgary, Alta. : Dept. of Animal Care Services, University of Calgary,; 1992. 1 computer disk ; 3 1/2 in. + 1 sheet.  Title from disk label.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Veterinary surgery; Laboratory animals   323                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Maternal factors affecting reproduction in a breeding colony of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Gardin, J.F.; Jerome, C.P.; Jayo, M.J.; Weaver, D.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 205-212; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Reproduction; Maternal effects; Reproductive performance  Abstract:  A breeding colony of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), composed of imported and colony-born animals and established for 9 years, was evaluated for maternal factors associated with reproductive failure. The factors evaluated included age, gravidity, parity, origin, previous stillbirths, clinical incidents and type of housing. The effects of each factor on pregnancy rate (PR), stillbirth rate (SR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and pregnancy success (PS) were evaluated. The overall colony rates were: PR = 53%, SR = 22%, IMR = 22%, and PS = 60%. Neonatal death rate for the group was 12%. Pregnancy rate was most affected by maternal factors. Clinical incidents occurring during pregnancy were associated with a significant increase in the stillbirth rate, but did not affect infant mortality rate. Maternal age did not affect any of the measures of reproductive output. Pregnancy rate peaked at 6-8 years of age and decreased thereafter, while pregnancy success peaked at 9-11 years of age. Gravidity and parity had a positive linear relationship with pregnancy rate.   324                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Measurement of cardiovascular and renal function in unrestrained hamsters. Fox, M.; Natarajan, V.; Trippodo, N.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 94-98; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hamsters; Physiological functions; Measurement  Abstract:  We describe a preparation for measuring blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, heart rate, and renal excretory variables (volume, electrolytes, glomerular filtration rate) in hamsters. The new approach offers an advantage over previously described methods by eliminating the problems associated with restraint. Hamsters were surgically implanted with venous and arterial catheters. A specially constructed bladder catheter, which allows flushing to minimize errors due to dead space and permits urine collection without restraining the animals, was also implanted. The hamsters were allowed to recover from surgery for 3 hours before being studied in a specially designed lucite housing unit. Representative results were obtained in cardiomyopathic and healthy hamsters.   325                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Mebendazole for worming mice: effectiveness and side effects. Baskerville, M.; Wood, M.; Newton, C.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 22 (3): p. 263-268. ill; 1988 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Hymenolepis nana; Aspiculuris; Nematode control; Mebendazole; Adverse effects  Abstract:  The use of mebendazole-treated diet (60 ppm) effectively controlled Hymenolepis nana and Aspiculuris tetraptera in a large mouse breeding colony. In a 3 generation pilot study using a medicated diet, there was some reduction in litter size and in female growth rate and an overall 2.07% incidence of kinky tails in the offspring. When the whole mouse colony was fed mebendazole-treated diet, a high incidence of kinky tails (maximum 46% of weaned offspring) occurred.   326                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.H42 Medical and behavioral benefits from primate research. King, F.A.; Yarbrough, C.J. Washington, D.C. : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [1985?]; 1985. Health benefits of animal research / edited by William I. Gay for the Foundation for Biomedical Research. p. 65-79; 1985.  Literature review. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal breeding; Animal behavior; Reproduction; Infectious diseases; Medical research; Disease models   327                               NAL Call. No.: QL737.P925H36 Medical care and management of the squirrel monkey. Abee, C.R. New York : Plenum Press; 1985. Handbook of squirrel monkey research / edited by Leonard A. Rosenblum and Christopher L. Coe. p. 447-488. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Animal husbandry; Animal housing; Cages; Sanitation; Hematology; Disease prevention; Injections   328                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Mental well-being in anthropoids. Bramblett, C. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 1-11; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal health; Mental health; Animal housing; Animal welfare   329                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 A method for sedation of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) without handling. Roberts, K. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1988 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 39 (2): p. 117-118; 1988 Aug.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Anesthesia; Capture of animals; Animal housing; Cages   330                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A method for the routine observation of sexual behaviour in rats. Mercier, O.; Perraud, J.; Stadler, J. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 21 (2): p. 125-130. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Lighting; Sexual behavior; Cages; Estrus   331                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A method of remote physiological monitoring of a fully mobile primate in a single animal cage. Pearce, P.C.; Halsey, M.J.; Ross, J.A.S.; Luff, N.P.; Bevilacqua, R.A.; Maclean, C.J. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 180-187. ill; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Cages; Physiology; Monitoring; Monitors; Remote control; Blood pressure; Electrocardiograms; Electroencephalograms  Abstract:  A system was designed to allow the physiological monitoring of a fully mobile, unstressed baboon (Papio anubis) in a single animal cage for the purpose of measuring the changes occurring in a hyperbaric environment. It was required to operate for at least three months, both inside a pressure chamber and outside, and to measure the following parameters; electroencephalogram (EEG, three channels), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyelogram (EMG, two channels), electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial blood pressure, respiration and body temperature. Also in the system were catheters through which blood samples could be taken and intravenous drugs given. The overall system consisted of a harness and jacket, and umbilical and back pack, a combined electrical and fluid transmission swivel and a monitoring implant and catheters.   332                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Microbial assessment of a single fumigation by formaldehyde of a multi-level animal facility. Gamble, M.R.; Needham, J.R. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 117-119; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Animal housing; Formaldehyde; Fumigation; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; Disease prevention   333                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Microbiologically monitored fumigation of a newly built SPF laboratoray rodent facility. Sebesteny, A.; Milite, G.; Martelossi, P. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 132-139; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Laboratories; Fumigation; Gnotobiotic animals; Sterilizing; Methyl bromide; Monitoring  Abstract:  The initial sanitization and sterilization of a newly built animal facility for the breeding and holding of specified pathogen free (SPF) rats and mice is described. The fumigation programme was started with methyl bromide treatment directed primarily against arthropods, followed by ammonia spray to kill coccidial oocysts and concluded by three formaldehyde treatments with fog and spray against bacteria and viruses. The practicalities and problems involved are described in detail and the rationale and purpose of the programme and its monitoring are discussed. The report is expected to contribute towards the establishment of a rational, efficient and standardized fumigation programme for SPF animal facilities, under increasing constraints of safety and environmental considerations concerning pollution with toxic and corrosive agents.   334                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Microclimate in two types of rat cages. Hirsjarvi, P.A.; Valiaho, T.U. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 21 (2): p. 95-98. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Cages; Animal husbandry; Microclimate; Design   335                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Microenvironmental conditions in isolator cages: an important research variable. Lipman, N.S. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jun. Lab animal v. 21 (6): p. 23-27; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Microenvironments; Cages   336                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Minerals leached into drinking water from rubber stoppers. Kennedy, B.W.; Beal, T.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (3): p. 233-236; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Drinkers; Stoppers; Minerals; Drinking water; Mineral content  Abstract:  Drinking water and its delivery system are potential sources of variation in animal research. Concern arose that rubber stoppers used to cork water bottles might be a source of some nutritionally required minerals which could leach into drinking water. Six types of stoppers, each having different compositions, were cleaned with stainless-steel sipper tubes inserted into them and attached to polypropylene bottles filled with either deionized water (pH 4.5) or acidified-deionized water (pH 2.5). After six days of contact, water levels of copper, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, three of the stopper types were analyzed for mineral content. Minerals were present in both stoppers and drinking water. Acidified-deionized water generally leached more minerals from the stoppers than did deionized water. The black stopper which is commonly used in animal facilities contained and leached measurable levels of some minerals, but it still can be recommended for typical animal husbandry uses, although other types of stoppers would be more suitable for specific nutritional and toxicologic studies.   337                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Mirrors as enrichment for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Lambeth, S.P.; Bloomsmith, M.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 261-266; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzees; Mirrors; Social environment; Enrichment; Social behavior  Abstract:  At many facilities, limitations of the physical environment have reduced the opportunity for captive chimpanzees to live in large, naturalistic social groups. Convex mirrors used to increase visual access of neighboring groups may improve the social environment. This was tested in a study of 28 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) group-housed in conventional indoor/outdoor runs. A total of 47.8 hours of behavioral observations were conducted and comparisons made across three conditions: no mirror present, a mirror present with visual access to neighboring conspecifics, or a mirror present with visual access to the neighbors' empty run. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to neighboring animals, facial expressions, sexual, and agonistic behaviors increased, whereas affiliative behavior decreased compared with when no mirror was present. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to a neighbors' empty run, facial expressions and sexual behavior increased compared with when no mirror was present. When the mirror gave subjects visual access to a neighbor's empty run, agonism decreased compared with when a mirror gave subjects visual access to neighboring animals. When subjects had visual access to neighbors, they used the mirror 30% of the total data points; while they had visual access to the neighbors' empty run, they looked during 24% of the total data points. Juveniles' use of the mirror increased over time while adults' use remained stable. Adult males used the mirror less than did the other subjects. These findings indicate that a mirror allowing visual access to neighboring conspecifics has potential as an enrichment device that affects social behavior.   338                         NAL Call. No.: RA1199.4.I5I58 1993 Models for national/international coordination and facilitation of validation. Becking, G.C. Baltimore, MD : CAAT; 1993. The International status of validation of in vitro toxicity tests : a report of the CAAT/TCA workshop of June 16-20, 1991. p. 37-38; 1993.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Validity; Models; Testing; Evaluation   339                         NAL Call. No.: RA1199.4.I5I58 1993 Models for national/international facilitation and coordination of validation activities. Looy, H. van Baltimore, MD : CAAT; 1993. The International status of validation of in vitro toxicity tests : a report of the CAAT/TCA workshop of June 16-20, 1991. p. 36-37; 1993.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Validity; Information systems   340                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Modern concepts in cage and equipment design. Klokager, F. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1987 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 38 (1): p. 55-58. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Cages; Design; Air filters; Equipment; Animal housing   341                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Modification of existing animal cages to meet the guide-lines set by the Council of Europe. Schlingmann, F. Sussex : The Institute; 1988 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 39 (3): p. 177-181. ill; 1988 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Rats; Animal housing; Cages; Modifications; Guidelines; European communities; Animal behavior; Animal experiments   342                       NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1662 The Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine ; written and directed by Sharon Alger, Carol Jantzi. Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan, Kan. : The College,; 1990. 1 videocassette (26 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  07-13-90.  VC NO 90-036.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Meriones unguiculatus; Gerbils as laboratory animals  Abstract:  Presents an overview of gerbil taxonomy, behavior, adaptations, and history as a model in laboratory research. The topics of husbandry, general care, breeding, and preventive medicine through physical examination are also covered.   343                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Monitoring of blood gas parameters and acid-base balance of pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in routine experimental conditions. Barzago, M.M.; Bortolotti, A.; Omarini, D.; Aramayona, J.J.; Bonati, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 73-79; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Pregnancy; Blood; Gases; Acid base equilibrium; Anesthesia  Abstract:  Blood gas parameters and acid-base balance values were determined in adult pregnant New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in standard laboratory housing conditions and during anaesthesia with an association of ketamine-chlorpromazine, administered before surgical procedures. All the variables were also studied in adult non- pregnant female, used as controls. No differences in pH, sO2c, O2Hb, COHb, sO2m and a-vDO2 were found between pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits in physiological conditions and during anaesthesia. Ketamine-chlorpromazine and pregnancy seemed to change the other parameters used to assess the acid-base balance and the oxygenation conditions. Anaesthesia affected only Hb, O2Ct, O2Cap, C2O2 and P50. The additive effect of pregnancy and anaesthesia modified pCO2, PO2, HCO3-, TCO2, BEb, SBC, BEecf, A-aDO2, RI, MetHb, RHb, CaO2 and CvO2. The patterns described are close to those of other species, suggesting the New Zealand rabbit might be a reliable animal model for monitoring selected variables.   344                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Monitoring potential zoonoses in a multifaceted veterinary resource facility: a comprehensive personnel health program. Matherne, C.; Hill, M.; Keeling, M.; Thomas, G. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Apr. Lab animal v. 21 (4): p. 23-29; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Zoonoses; Laboratory animals   345                                   NAL Call. No.: QL959.M25 Mouse husbandry. Hetherington, C.M. Oxford : IRL; 1987. Mammalian development : a practical approach / edited by M. Monk. p. 1-12. ill; 1987. (Practical approach series).  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal husbandry; Cages; Diets; Environment; Handling; Identification; Animal breeding; Anesthetics; Transport   346                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Mouse models of short- and long-term foreign body in the urinary bladder: analogies to the bladder segment of urinary catheters. Johnson, D.E.; Lockatell, C.V.; Hall-Craggs, M.; Warren, J.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 451-455; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Bladder; Catheters; Foreign bodies; Bacterial diseases; Experiments; Long term experiments  Abstract:  Catheter-associated bacteriuria is the most common infection occurring in hospitals, where urethral catheters are generally in place for a few days, and in nursing homes, where catheters may be in place for months or years. We developed murine models with intrabladder urinary catheters for studying complications of bacteriuria in short- and long-term catheterization. In the short-term model, a catheter segment was inserted transurethrally and lay free within the bladder lumen. Half of the animals expelled segments during a 2-to-7- day period, durations similar to catheterizations in hospitalized patients. For studies of long-term catheter use, the catheter segment was secured within the bladder by a single suture for up to 12 months. Antibiotics administered for 7 days after catheter placement and housing mice in cages with wire screen floors reduced spontaneous bacteriuria to an acceptably low incidence rate of only 7%. Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria of high concentration provoked the same complications that are common in patients with long-term catheters: acute pyelonephritis, chronic renal inflammation, and struvite stone formation. These models allow inoculation of the bacteria of interest and are suitable for studies of short- and long-term foreign body-associated bacteriuria and its complications.   347                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 A mouse-friendly cage compared experimentally with a person oriented one. Wallace, M.E. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, c1991-; 1993. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 7: p. 534-539; 1993.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Animal welfare   348                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Murine cage density: a comparison between the reproductive performance of an inbred and outbred strain of monogamous breeding pairs. Eveleigh, J.R.; Williams, H.L. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 43-47; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cage density; Reproductive performance  Abstract:  Cage densities of CD-1 and Balb/c mice were compared during breeding. A monogamous breeding pair of outbred CD-1 mice have a greater cage density than inbred BALB/c mice at all stages of the reproductive cycle. At parity 1 and 2 on day 19 of lactation cage density is at its greatest when the population of CD-1 mice expressed in weight are respectively 71 and 82% heavier than BALB/c. Sixty nine percent of CD-1 litters and 5% of BALB/c litters had a mean litter size at birth of 14 or more. It is suggested that further investigation is warranted into whether the minimum floor area of 300 cm2 recommended by the Laboratory Animal Breeders Association is optimal for outbred monogamous breeding pairs of mice.   349                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Murine cage density: cage ammonia levels during the reproductive performance of an inbred strain and two outbred stocks of monogamous breeding pairs of mice. Eveleigh, J.R. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 156-160; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cage density  Abstract:  The Laboratory Animal Breeders Association guidelines recommend a minimum floor area of 300 cm2 for a monogamous pair of inbred/outbred mice or a trio of inbreds. The mean level of ammonia produced during lactation from BALB/c, TO and CD-1 breeding pairs housed in M2 cages with a floor area of 300 cm2 on Day 4 after cleaning was 30 ppm, 87 ppm and 92 ppm, respectively. All 3 strains of mice, particularly the outbred strains, were subjected to high levels of ammonia as compared with human long-term health and safety occupational exposure limits (25 ppm). However, there is a gradient of ammonia within an M2 breeding cage from the nest (19 ppm), to the food hopper, 77 ppm. By housing CD-1 pairs of mice in RM2 cages which have more than double the floor area of M2 cages (676 cm2), the mean level of ammonia during lactation on Day 4 after cleaning was reduced to 26 ppm. The reproductive performance on inbred/outbred strains of mice has to be equated with cage size (floor area) to maintain acceptable levels of ammonia. It is suggested that the recommended minimum floor areas for breeding mice be reviewed.   350                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Murine encephalitozoonosis: the effect of age and mode of transmission on occurrence of infection. Liu, J.J.; Greeley, E.H.; Shadduck, J.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 675-679; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Protozoal infections; Age; Disease transmission  Abstract:  Experiments were conducted to determine whether neonatal mice are more susceptible to E. cuniculi than adult mice, and whether vertical and/or horizontal transmission occur in murine encephalitozoonosis. E. cuniculi infection in neonates did not cause mortality or clinical signs, but did result in chronic infection. Despite initial age-related immunodeficiency, mice infected as neonates eventually developed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the parasite comparable to those seen in adult mice. The results suggested that neonatal mice are not more susceptible to E. cuniculi than adult mice. Pups from either infected or normal parents did not differ in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after challenge, suggesting that pups from infected parents were not infected with E. cuniculi during gestation. In contrast, mice became infected by caging with infected mice demonstrating that horizontal infection does occur.   351                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The muskrat in biomedical research. Doyle, R.E.; Panneton, W.M.; Vogler, G.A.; Romeo, J.P.; Watson, B.J.; Higgins, B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 667-674. ill; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Muskrats; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Handling; Quarantine; Medical research; Animal experiments  Abstract:  Muskrats are aquatic rodents of moderate size which are plentiful throughout North America, but are not used commonly in the laboratory. Recently, we tested the feasibility of muskrats as experimental models and have found them to be acquired and cared for easily in conventional laboratory animal facilities. Some of their natural characteristics and diseases are described. The husbandry techniques that we used are presented and form a base for the preparation of future guidelines for the maintenance and use of feral animals in research. The results of some initial experiments testing the muskrat's utility for investigations of cardiorespiratory control mechanisms also are presented. Our data show that even anesthetized muskrats possess brisk and dramatic cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes. Our findings that their brains possess the cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural features comparable to other mammals, combined with their relative uniformity in size, has allowed us to locate specific neuronal loci stereotaxically. We suggest that the muskrat be considered as an experimental animal model for studies of the neural control of cardiorespiratory systems.   352                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Mycoplasma pulmonis-host relationships in a breeding colony of Sprague-Dawley rats with enzootic murine respiratory mycoplasmosis. Lindsay, J.R.; Davidson, M.K.; Schoeb, T.R.; Cassell, G.H. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (6): 597-608. ill; 1985 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mycoplasma; Respiratory diseases; Histopathology   353                              NAL Call. No.: HV4758.N3 1991 National Institute of Health nonhuman primate management plan..  Nonhuman primate management plan, Rev.. NIH Office of Animal Care and Use Bethesda, Md. : Office of Animal Care and Use, National Institutes of Health,; 1991. 49 p., [5] p. of plates : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-49).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare   354                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 National Laboratory Animal Center established and regional activities promoted in Finland. Hanninen, O.O. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 459-464. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Finland; Training; Education; Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Facilities; Legislation   355                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A naturally occurring epizootic of simian agent 8 in the baboon. Levin, J.L.; Hilliard, J.K.; Lipper, S.L.; Butler, T.M.; Goodwin, W.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 394-397; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Baboons; Epizootiology; Herpetoviridae; Isolation; Identification  Abstract:  An epizootic of genital lesions was observed on baboons (four Papio sub-species) housed in two different outdoor breeding corrals. Serological analysis revealed strong prevalence of antibodies to Simian Agent 8 (SA8). This herpesvirus was subsequently recovered from skin lesions and identified by restriction endonuclease digestion of infected cell DNA. Observations of lesion type, frequency and location were suggestive of venereal transmission. The remarkable similarity between infection resulting from SA8 in baboons and herpes simplex virus in man suggests that the baboon is an excellent model in which to study genital herpes virus transmission and infection.   356                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 A new animal house designed to house animals for the routine production of antisera. Ricketts, T.; McConomy, M.; Wills, J.E. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1985 May. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 36 (1): p. 7-17. ill; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Design; Antiserum   357                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A new device for long-term continuous enteral nutrition of rats by elmentary diet via gastrostomy, following extensive oesophageal or lower gastrointestinal surgery. Muller, G.; Schaarschmidt, K.; Stratmann, U. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 26 (1): p. 9-14; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Tube feeding; Cannulae; Cannulation; Long term experiments; Elemental diets; Feces collection  Abstract:  A device for intragastric nutrition of unsedated and minimally restrained rats under complete alimentary abstinence has been developed. The cannulation system consists of an infusion pump, modified glass syringe as flow swivel, rat-harness and a silicone-tube-gastrostomy. The animals were kept in special cages and coprophagy was prevented by an own model of faecal collection cup. Methionine and Ca- glycerophosphate had to be added to a commercial elementary diet. The rats were allowed to move freely during intragastric infusion, which was applied for 14 to 28 days in 118 Wistar- rats (350-400 g). They maintained weight on an energy supply of 86.4 kcal/day.   358                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A new model for study of pancreatic exocrine secretion: tethered pancreatic fistula rat. Toriumi, Y.; Samuel, I.; Wilcockson, D.P.; Joehl, R.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (3): p. 270-273; 1994 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Animal welfare; Pancreas; Fistula; Restraint of animals; Tethering  Abstract:  Diversion and recirculation of bile and pancreatic juice in rats are done in studies of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Previously, the modified Bollman cage was used to restrain rats with bile and pancreatic fistulas. To mimic physiologic conditions as closely as possible and to develop a more humane model, we designed a partial-restraint tethering system to study pancreatic exocrine secretion. Eight rats were prepared with biliary pancreatic, and duodenal fistulas, of which five were given enteral supplements via a gastric fistula and three were given saline supplements via a jugular venous line. Catheters exited at the nape of the neck and passed through the hollow of a cable coil that tethered the rat. On the fourth postoperative day pancreatic juice flow and protein output were studied. The tethering system allowed grooming, feeding, and ample mobility This model of the tethered pancreatic fistula rat is a more humane model for studies of pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious rats, compared with the Bollman cage system of near total restraint.   359                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 New perspectives in the animal house. Hampson, J.E. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (3): p. 219-222; 1989 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: England; Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Legislation   360                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.973 Non-human primates basic needs, handling and care. Southers, Jan American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (34 min., 43 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Primates as laboratory animals; Primates; Animal welfare  Abstract:  The physical facilities, environment, caging, sanitization, watering, feeding vermin control, identification of non-human primates. Emphasis is given to preventive medicine, and safety programs required for use with non-human primates.   361                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.437 Nonhuman primates biosafety..  Nonhuman primates : biosafety Broderson, J. Roger University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by the Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington,; 1992. 60 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (25 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9018).  Developed for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Accompanying guide includes script.  Portions of this project have been funded by grant from the National Agricultural Library.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Primates  Abstract:  Covers four major classes of health hazards within a nonhuman primate facility; practices, equipment and facility design to help prevent disease or injury from these hazards.   362                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 The number of males in a primate troop. Ridley, M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1986 Dec. Animal behaviour v. 34 (pt.6): p. 1848-1858; 1986 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Breeding season; Sexual behavior; Group size; Reproductive behavior; Male animals   363                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A nylon ball device for primate environmental enrichment. Ross, P.W.; Everitt, J.I. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 481-483. ill; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Cages; Toys; Nylon; Animal welfare   364                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Observations on a caging system for housing stump-tailed macaques. Burt, D.A.; Plant, M. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (3): p. 175-179; 1990 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca arctoides; Cages; Laboratory rearing; Animal welfare; Enrichment  Abstract:  This paper describes the introduction of a modified caging system and the benefits to both the animals and staff.   365                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Observations on a sandy lop breeding colony over an eleven period (1978-1988). Batchelor, G.R. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (2): p. 115-131; 1990 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Reproductive performance; Breeds; Breed differences; Litter size; Litter traits; Breeding efficiency; Mortality  Abstract:  There are three main incentives for collecting data on this rabbit strain: 1. There is a large mass of breeding data available, covering theperiod from 1978 to the present day. 2. There has been a noticeable increase in breeding success (anda reduction in losses) seemingly to correspond with the diet given, althoughthis may not be the sole reason. 3. Although the pre-weaning mortality rate has been reduced overthe last four years to a mean of around 15% (range 8-29%), the littering rate,although showing an improvement, is still under 80% (range 70-77%).Whether further improvement is possible is one question which may beanswered by the publication of this paper.   366                                   NAL Call. No.: SF724.T72 Observations on causes of mortality in a guinea pig breeding colony. Ocholi, R.A.; Ibu, J.O. Ibadan, Nigeria : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan; 1989. Tropical veterinarian v. 7 (3/4): p. 128-130; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Mortality; Bacterial diseases; Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Animal health   367                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Of mice and megabytes: a computer-based animal care management system. Hahn, J. New York : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Jan. Lab animal v. 18 (1): p. 26-29; 1989 Jan.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal husbandry; Records; Computer applications   368                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 On the care of captive chimpanzees: methods of enrichment. Rumbaugh, D.M.; Washburn, D.; Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 357-375. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzee; Capture of animals; Animal housing; Cages; Design; Diets; Facilities; Equipment   369                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Opening a world-class chimpanzee facility: ingredients for successful public relations. Miller, L. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jul. Lab animal v. 21 (7): p. 23-28, 30; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzees; Public relations   370                                 NAL Call. No.: QP82.2.M5O7 Operations and management of government owned--contractor operated microwave exposure facility. ERCI Facilities Service Corp Fairfax, VA : ERCI, [1988?]; 1988, reprinted 1988. 3 v. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  February 28, 1988.  Funding no. DAMD17-85-C-5083.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Microwaves; Physiological effect; Rats as laboratory animals, Effect of radiation   371                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Organophosphate toxicity in rats associated with contaminated bedding. Gibson, S.V.; Besch-Williford, C.; Raisbeck, M.F.; Wagner, J.E.; McLaughlin, R.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (6): p. 789-791; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Toxicity; Organophosphorus compounds; Terbufos; Cages; Litter; Softwoods; Contamination   372                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 An outbreak of Plasmodium inui malaria in a colony of diabetic Rhesus monkeys. Schofield, L.D.; Bennett, B.T.; Collins, W.E.; Beluhan, F.Z. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (2): p. 167-168; 1985 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Diabetes; Plasmodium; Facilities; Therapy   373                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Particle size of airborne mouse crude and defined allergens. Sakaguchi, M.; Inouye, S.; Miyazawa, H.; Kamimura, H.; Kimura, M.; Yamazaki, S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 234-236; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal housing; Laboratory rearing; Environment; Allergens; Air pollution; Allergies; Animal experiments  Abstract:  Laboratory animal allergy is a serious occupational diseases of many workers and scientists engaged in animal experimentation. Control measures depend upon characterization of allergens including airborne particles. This study measured the particle size of crude mouse urine and pelt aeroallergens generated in mouse housing rooms and compared them with mouse serum albumin, a defined major allergen. Allergens were detected by specific immunological methods. Most crude and defined allergens (74.5-86.4%) concentrated on a filter with a retention size greater than 7 micromiter. In distrubed air, allergen concentration increased 1.4 (albumin) to 5 (crude) fold and the proportion of small particles increased from 1.4% in calm air to 4. 5% in distrubed air. This information on the generation and size distribution of aeroallergens will be important in the development of effective counter measures.   374                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Passive infrared movement detector, a new equipment to monitor motor activity of small rodents in normal cages. Sigg, H.; Tamborini, P. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 349-352; 1988.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents; Cages; Movements; Monitoring; Detectors; Recordings; Computer applications   375                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 PC-based facility management. Flato, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Jul. Lab animal v. 23 (7): p. 37-40; 1994 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Monitoring; Microcomputers   376                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Persistent free-running circannual reproductive cycles during prolonged exposure to a constant 12L:12D photoperiod in laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax). Concannon, P.W.; Parks, J.E.; Roberts, P.J.; Tennant, B.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 382-391; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmota monax; Reproduction; Photoperiod  Abstract:  Serum levels of gonadal steroid were assayed at approximately 3-month intervals in groups of 5 to 8 male or female woodchucks which were exposed to a natural photoperiod for 1 year as yearlings or 3 years as adults (Study 1), or a constant photoperiod of 12L:12D from birth for 4.5 years (Study 2). After 4.5 years of 12L:12D, food intake was measured in November and compared with that in natural photoperiod animals (Study 3). Other groups of 11 males and 3 females were housed in 12L:12D for 2.5 years after capture at 2 months of age, and gonadal structure and serum steroid levels in November were compared with those of animals at selected times in the normal annual cycle (Study 4). All animals were provided food and water ad libitum and were not induced to hibernate. In Study 1, normal circannual breeding season elevations in testosterone in males and in progesterone in females were detected in most animals maintained in natural photoperiod. In Study 2, similar cycles persisted for 4.5 years in animals exposed to 12L:12D. However, based on quarterly blood samples, obvious asynchrony relative to natural light animals appeared to develop after 2, 3, or 4 years, with apparent free-running intervals of about 10 to 11 months. In Study 3, mean daily food consumption in late autumn for woodchucks in the 12L:12D group was 72% greater than animals in the natural photoperiod. In Study 4, some woodchucks exposed to 12L:12D for only 2.5 years had prematurely increased spermatogenic activity, Leydig tissue development, and elevated serum testosterone levels in November. They were similar in November to those in natural photoperiod animals in March, and significantly greater than those in natural photoperiod animals in November when normal regression and repair of the testis was complete. Likewise, females in the 12L:12D group had luteinized follicles and elevated progesterone in November which were not noted in natural photoperiod animals and which were similar to those observe   377                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Persistent reduction of B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) seropositivity in rhesus macaques acquired for a study of renal allograft tolerance. Olson, L.C.; Pryor, W.H. Jr; Thomas, J.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 540-544; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Herpesviridae; Disease control; Immunosuppression; Screening; Animal housing; Immunodiagnosis; Culling  Abstract:  One hundred and two rhesus macaques were used in a study of renal allograft tolerance. Each animal was monitored serologically more than one time to determine its B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) antibody status. The follow-up period for some individuals was 3 years, extending from 1986 to 1989. The accumulated test results eventually provided an opportunity to retrospectively support a contention that a small research colony of rhesus macaques could become and remain B virus seronegative if the animals were housed individually, monitored periodically, acquired only if they were seronegative, and culled if they converted to positive status. It was also possible that the test results might disclose useful information about the influence of acute immunosuppression on the reliability of determining B virus antibody status by serologic methods, and help formulate guidelines for selecting donor-recipient pairs. A review of the serologic test results disclosed that antibody status before the initiation of experimental therapy, and subsequent seroreactivity, did not change throughout the experimental lifetime of 92 monkeys. The few exceptions were six juveniles that lost detectable antibody, and four other juveniles that converted to positive. Preliminary data suggested that total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and splenectomy were associated with the loss of detectable antibody; however, further study is needed to establish the validity and significance of this association. No other unexpected or unexplained results were associated with concomitant periods of acute immunosuppression. The number of seropositive animals in the colony was reduced to three through attrition and culling by the end of 1989. These three seropositive animals were culled shortly thereafter, and there were no conversions to seropositive during the subsequent 2 years. The findings suggested that research institutions with a small number of rhesus macaques could reliably achieve B virus seronegative status   378                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Persistent sympathetic nervous system arousal associated with tethering in cynomolgus macaques. Adams, M.R.; Kaplan, J.R.; Manuck, S.B.; Uberseder, B.; Larkin, K.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 279-281; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca; Tethering; Heart rate; Sympathetic nervous system; Restraint of animals; Animal housing  Abstract:  The swivel-tether system has been used extensively in biomedical research involving nonhuman primates, yet there has been little or no investigation into potential adverse influences of this form of restraint on research results. In the study described here, a portable electrocardiographic telemetry system was used for continuous monitoring of the heart rate of 26 cynomolgus monkeys while: (a) pair-caged, 8 weeks prior to tethering; (b) singly-caged, tethered; (c) singly-caged, tethered, administered propranolol (30 mg/kg/day) in the diet; (d) group-housed (five monkeys per group), 1 week after group formation; and (e) group-housed (five monkeys per group), 4 weeks after group formation. Tethering resulted in persistent elevations in heart rate relative to the other conditions. Administration of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, resulted in an abrupt, sustained decrease in heart rate indicating that the increase in heart rate associated with tethering was due to persistent stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Since multiple aspects of cardiovascular function are influenced by the sympathetic nervous system, and other organs and systems (e.g., pituitary-gonadal) also may be affected, investigators using the swivel-tether system should be cognizant of these potential effects when designing experiments and interpreting the results.   379                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Pickle barrels as enrichment objects for rhesus macaques. Lehman, S.M.; Lessnau, R.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 392-397; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Environment; Enrichment  Abstract:  Two breeding groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) housed in outdoor enclosures on Key Lois island were observed for 84 hours. Instantaneous scan sampling of a focal animal was used to gather data to test hypotheses concerning frequencies of agonistic and affiliative behaviors as well as differential use of pickle barrels as enrichment objects. Type of barrel used, behavior, and age/sex class of the animal were noted. Barrels were arranged three ways: unattached, on a swivel, and stationary. The behaviors of animals in an enriched environment were compared with control condition animals, which did not have pickle barrels. Animals in an enriched environment accounted for 60.8% (n = 56) of total affiliative contact, 62.2% (n = 399) of total social grooming, and 26% (n = 5) of total agonistic noncontact. A total of 134 scans of barrel use were observed. Analyses of the data showed that swivel and stationary barrels were used the most (55% of all scans of barrel use). Yearlings, juvenile females, and old males used barrels most often (82.8% of all scans of barrel use), although they constituted only 39% of the enriched environment population. In this study, pickle barrels provided enrichment for young and old animals of both sexes.   380                                   NAL Call. No.: QL750.E74 Plasma-testosterone development in colony and individually housed male guinea pigs. Sachser, N.; Prove, E. Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1988 Sep. Ethology v. 79 (1): p. 62-70; 1988 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Male animals; Animal housing; Blood plasma; Testosterone; Animal behavior; Relationships   381                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Platelet function testing in the pony. Boudreaux, M.K.; Wagner-Mann, C.; Purhoit, R.; Hankes, G.; Spano, J.; Pablo, L.; Lee, S.; Conti, J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 448-451; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Platelets; Isolation; Testing  Abstract:  Platelet isolation techniques and platelet function were evaluated in 35 adult ponies. Platelet recovery from whole blood was consistent and the preparation of platelet rich plasma was facilitated by an enhanced erythrocyte sedimentation rate. All platelet samples aggregated in response to 10 microM ADP. However, concentrations of ADP as high as 100 microM did not elicit significant 14C-erotonin release. Collagen induced irreversible platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release in all samples. The threshold dose for collagen in most ponies was 1.5 microgram. Arachidonic acid (500 microM) failed to induce irreversible platelet aggregation or 14C-serotonin release in any of the samples evaluated. Pony platelets were nonresponsive to epinephrine (5.5 microM).   382                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Poor breeding performance of rabbits. Assal, A.N. Sussex : The Institute; 1988 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 39 (3): p. 183-187; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Rabbits; Animal breeding; Performance; Newborn animals; Survival; Mortality; Postmortem examinations; Animal husbandry   383                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Population density and growth rate in laboratory mice. Peters, A.; Festing, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 24 (3): p. 273-279; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cage density; Growth rate  Abstract:  Home Office guidelines recommend an area of 60 cm2 per mouse for growing mice up to 30 g. However, the overall growth rate, and final adrenal weight of weanling BALB/c and MF1 strain mice was not affected by being housed at a density of down to 27 cm2 per mouse, though there was some evidence of strain differences in ability to tolerate such dense housing. The presence of cage accessories had no effect on growth rate of BALB/c and female mice, but reduced growth of MF1 and male mice, though the effect was small. It is concluded that present Home Office guidelines make a generous provision for the space requirements of growing laboratory mice, and that the use of cage accessories of varying design may be worth exploring in more detail.   384                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Practical and effective eradication of pinworms (Syphacia muris) in rats by use of fenbendazole. Coghlan, L.G.; Lee, D.R.; Psencik, B.; Weiss, D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (5): p. 481-487; 1993 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Syphacia; Fenbendazole  Abstract:  Oxyurid parasites are common contaminants of laboratory rodents, and despite many described treatments, no method has assumed preeminence. Limitations in drug efficacy and the general inability to control for exposure to infective eggs are the primary contributors to treatment failure. In addition, some effective drugs must be eliminated from consideration because of narrow safety margins, other toxic aspects, or concerns related to particular uses of the experimental animals. As an alternative to currently described treatments or surgical derivation, we conducted an efficacy study against Syphacia muris in rats with a new fenbendazole- based protocol. Fenbendazole is a highly efficacious broad- spectrum anthelmintic with adulticidal, larvicidal, and ovicidal actions. Its pharmacokinetic behavior, ovicidal activity, and exceptionally wide safety margin in rats and mice make it an attractive choice for pinworm treatment.We used a 150-ppm medicated feed formulation to reach a targeted dose of 8.0 to 12.0 mg/kg/day in three separate studies designed to assess drug intake and efficacy under different housing conditions and in breeding and nonbreeding populations of ACI rats. In all cases, drug was given on alternating weeks, and nonbreeding populations were medicated for a cumulative period of 14 days. The same schedule was used for breeding populations, but the treatment was repeated after a 2-week rest period to ensure sufficient exposure for newly weaned animals. The results of our study indicate that our described treatment, in combination with environmental control measures against pinworm eggs, is capable of eliminating S. muris.   385                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Practical methods for the prevention of genetic contamination in inbred and congenic rat and mouse colonies. Peters, A.G. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1986 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 37 (1): p. 17-23. ill; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Animal breeding; Inbred lines; Genetic control; Strains   386                                 NAL Call. No.: RC261.A2R62 Practices for controlling genetic quality of mice. Bailey, D.W.; Scott, O.C.A. New York : Pergamon Press; 1987. Rodent tumor models in experimental cancer therapy / edited by Robert F. Kallman. p. 57-58; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Neoplasms; Genetic control; Animal breeding; Hybrids; Tissues; Transplantation   387                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Preliminary characterization of hereditary cerebellar ataxia in rats. La Regina, M.C.; St. Louis, MO; Yates-Siilata, K.; Woods, L.; Tolbert, D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 19-26; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Hereditary diseases; Cerebellar ataxia; Disease models; Cells; Cerebellum  Abstract:  A spontaneous model of Purkinje cell degeneration in rats is described. Breeding data indicate that the condition is hereditary and not sex linked. The breeding colony has remained free of common murine pathogens, including parvovirus. In older rats with pronounced ataxia, the major lesions consisted of greatly reduced numbers or complete absence of Purkinje cells (PCs), particularly in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. There was a decreased thickness and increased cellular density of the molecular layer and degeneration of the inferior olivary nuclei. Morphometric analysis indicated that the anterior lobes of affected rats were 52% smaller than those of normal rats. In young rats, before severe signs of ataxia had developed, microscopic changes were minimal. The preliminary findings are discussed in relationship to human cerebellar ataxias and mouse models of Purkinje cell degeneration.   388                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 A preliminary survey of the incidence of abnormal behavior in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) relative to housing condition. Bayne, K.; Dexter, S.; Suomi, S. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 May. Lab animal v. 21 (5): p. 38, 40, 42-46; 1992 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Abnormal behavior; Animal housing   389                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Pressure for better care for chimpanzees in captivity. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1988 Mar. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 15 (3): p. 255-259; 1988 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Chimpanzee; Facilities; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Regulations; Usda   390                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Prevalence of Campylobacter in infant juvenile and adult laboratory primates. Russell, R.G.; Krugner, L.; Tsai, C.C.; Ekstrom, R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 711-714; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Young animal diseases; Neonates; Campylobacter; Infection; Incidence  Abstract:  A cross-sectional study of Campylobacter spp. infection was conducted on 125 infant (Macaca nemestrina and Macaca fascicularis) in an infant primate nursery housing infants from birth to 18 months of age, and 145 M. nemestrina aged from 4 months to 15 years at another facility (Primate Field Station) housing animals from birth to aged adults. The objective was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in various age groups and to investigate the correlation with diarrhea. In the Infant Primate Research Laboratory approximately 70% of infants were infected at 18 months-old. Campylobacter coli was isolated from approximately two-thirds of the infected infants. One-third were Campylobacter jejuni and occasional infants were infected with a naladixic acid resistant, hippurate negative (NAR) Campylobacter spp. At the Primate Field Station virtually all animals cultured in 4-6 month-old, 16-20 month-old, and 3-5 year-old age groups were positive. Approximately one-third of middle-aged adults (10-15 years old) were positive with C. coli or NAR Campylobacter spp. Environmental factors such as location and movement of animals may provide an explanation for the prevalence data obtained in the two facilities and different age groups of animals. An etiologic role of Campylobacter spp. in diarrhea of laboratory primates was not established in this study.   391                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in random-source cats. Glennon, P.J.; Cockburn, T.; Stark, D.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 545-547; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cats; Feline immunodeficiency virus; Leukemia; Feline oncovirus; Disease prevalence; Mixed infections; Serological surveys; Sex differences; Sources  Abstract:  Retroviral serologic profiles were generated for 506 random-source cats (Felis catus) that were received by our facility during a twenty-month period. Feline leukemia virus antigens were detected in plasma samples from 26 (5.1%) of the cats. Antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus were present in 24 (4.7%) of the samples tested. A single cat (0.2%) was positive for both viruses. Neither gender nor vendor correlation with retroviral seropositivity could be demonstrated.   392                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Prevalence rates of infectious agents among commercial breeding populations of rats and mice. Casebolt, D.B.; Lindsey, J.R.; Cassell, G.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 327-329; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rats; Mice; Animal husbandry; Infectious diseases; Bacteria; Viruses; Parasites; Serological diagnosis   393                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Prevention of cage-associated distress. Spinelli, J.S.; Markowitz, H. New York : Media Horizons; 1985 Nov. Lab animal v. 14 (8): p. 19-22, 24, 28; 1985 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Cage rearing; Stress; Prevention   394                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9C86 Primate colony management of harem breeding groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Goo, G.P. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1986. Current perspectives in primate biology / edited by David M. Taub and Frederick A. King. p. 71-78; 1986.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Macaca mulatta; Groups; Management; Animal breeding; Reproduction; Mortality   395                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 Primate facilities and environmental enrichment: an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Bercovitch, F.B.; Kessler, M.J. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, c1991-; 1993. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 7: p. 435-439; 1993.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Enrichment   396                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The Primate Information Center. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Apr. Lab animal v. 15 (3): p. 44-45; 1986 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Washington; Primates; Organizations; Facilities; Information centers   397                           NAL Call. No.: RC862.C6P75  1993 A Primate model for the study of colitis and colonic carcinoma the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Clapp, Neal K., Boca Raton : CRC Press,; 1993. 339 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Colitis; Colon (Anatomy); Saguinus oedipus   398                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 Primate preference for outdoors. Pereira, M.E. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; 1991. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 5: p. 313-315; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal housing; Environment; Enrichment; Animal welfare   399                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Primate research models and environmental enrichment. Markowitz, H.; Line, S. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 203-212. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Cages; Social behavior; Laboratory rearing; Animal research; Models   400                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 A primer for anti-dissectionists. Bickleman, T.G. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; 1991. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 5: p. 264-265; 1991.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Cages; Enrichment; Animal behavior   401                                   NAL Call. No.: RM267.E97 Principles of animal care. Bruhin, H. London : Academic Press; 1986. Experimental models in antimicrobial chemotherapy / [edited by] Oto Zak, Merle A. Sande. v. 1 p. 7-18. ill; 1986.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Medical research; Ethics; Animal experiments; Breeding; Identification; Nutrition; Guidelines   402                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L274 Principles of animal husbandry. Wilson, M.S. Chichester [England] : Wiley; 1987. Laboratory animals : an introduction for new experimenters / edited by A.A. Tuffery. p. 99-116; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Laboratory animals; Cage size; Veterinary hygiene; Disease control; Drinking water; Animal feeding; Animal husbandry   403                               NAL Call. No.: SF406.B5 1987 Principles of laboratory animal management., 3rd ed.. Blackshaw, Judith K.; Allan, David J. N.S.W., Australia : Australian Society for the Study of Animal Behaviour, [1987?]; 1987. 103 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes bibliographies and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare   404                                   NAL Call. No.: aQL55.B36 Priniciples of aseptic technique. Schofield, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : USDA, National Agricultural Library; 1990 Apr. Essentials for animal research : a primer for research personnel / by B.T. Bennett, M.J. Brown and J.C. Schofield. p. 59-77. ill; 1990 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Aseptic state; Sterilization; Surgical operations; Facilities; Veterinary equipment   405                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 The problem of foraging in captive callitrichid primates: behavioral time budgets and foraging skills. Molzen, E.M.; French, J.A. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 89-101. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Callithricidae; Primates; Capture of animals; Foraging; Animal housing; Animal behavior; Animal feeding   406                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Problems that limit or complicate breeding transgenic mice. Donnelly, T.M.; Walsh-Mullen, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Mar. Lab animal v. 20 (3): p. 34-35; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Transgenics; Animal breeding   407                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Progesterone as a predictor of cyclicity in Bolivian squirrel monkeys during the breeding season. Aksel, S.; Diamond, E.J.; Hazelton, J.; Wiebe, R.H.; Abee, C.R. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (1): p. 54-57. ill; 1985 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Breeding season; Progesterone; Estradiol   408                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Prolapsus vaginae in the IIIVO/JU rabbit. Herck, H. van; Hesp, A.P.M.; Versluis, A.; Zwart, P.; Zutphen, L.F.M. van London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 333-336. ill; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Vaginal prolapse; Inbred lines; Genetic defects  Abstract:  In a specified pathogen free (SPF) breeding colony of IIIVO/JU rabbits 8 cases of prolapsus vaginae occurred in 5 years. Clinically the animals were in shock. Haematocrits ranged from 9 to 15%. The prolapses started from the submucosal layer of the proximal part of the vestibulum vaginae. The prolapsed tissue consisted of over-expanded blood-sinuses. Between the sinuses signs of an inflammatory reaction were present. All 8 animals were in a period of increasing sexual activity when the prolapse developed. The 8 rabbits were closely related, indicating a possible hereditary defect.   409                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 Promoting psychological well-being in a biomedical research facility: sheep in wolves' clothing. Petto, A.J.; Russell, K.; Watson, L.; Lareau-Alves, M. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; 1992. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 6: p. 366-370; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Laboratory mammals; Animal welfare   410                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Promoting safety in a laboratory animal facility. Lukas, V.; Charron, D. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 Feb. Lab animal v. 22 (2): p. 22-25, 27-29; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratories; Safety at work   411                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 A prototype rhesus cage to satisfy the needs of the home office, research, the animal technician and most importantly the monkey. Applebee, K.A.; Marshall, P.E.; McNab, A.M. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (1): p. 23-38; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Cages; Design; Prototypes; Animal welfare  Abstract:  The publication in early 1989 of the Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Animals Used in Scientific Procedures, enabled United Medical and Dental Schools to order a prototype primate cage to house principally Rhesus monkeys (M. mullata). The design of this cage and the lessons we have learned will enable us to improve on present facilities and, it is anticipated, to help relieve the stress and boredom which so often occurs when primates are kept in captivity.   412                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Providing environmental enrichment to captive primates. Bayne, K. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Nov. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (11): p. 1689-1692, 1694-1695; 1991 Nov.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Laboratory mammals; Animal welfare; Animal behavior; Abnormal behavior; Environmental factors; Animal housing; Social environment; Toys; Visual stimuli; Sounds; Locomotion; Feeding behavior; Literature reviews   413                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Provision of environmentally enriched housing for cats. Loveridge, G. Sussex : The Institute; 1994 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians v. 45 (2): p. 69-87; 1994 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cats; Animal housing; Environment; Enrichment; Design; Animal husbandry; Socialization; Animal welfare  Abstract:  This paper describes the philosophy and design incorporated into the construction and operation of cat buildings in a centre that houses both dogs' and cats in the most animal friendly conditions providing maximum environmental interest to the pet consistent with the requirements of nutritional and behavioural studies. The husbandry systems use best health care practices, with emphasis on canine or feline companionship and the human pet relationships.   414                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Psychological enrichment techniques and new world monkey restraint device reduce colony management time. Moseley, J.R.; Davis, J.A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1989 Oct. Lab animal v. 18 (7): p. 31-33. ill; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Mental stress; Restraint of animals   415                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Psychological well-being of captive primates: general considerations and examples from callitrichids. Snowdon, C.T.; Savage, A. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 75-88; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Callithricidae; Primates; Capture of animals; Psychological factors; Environment; Cages; Animal welfare   416                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Psychological well-being of nocturnal primates in captivity. Wright, P.C.; Haring, D.M.; Izard, M.K.; Simons, E.L. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 61-74. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cebidae; Monkeys; Capture of animals; Cages; Environment; Natural history; Social behavior; Reproductive behavior; Animal welfare; Diets   417                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Psychological well-being of primates in captivity. Novak, M.A.; Suomi, S.J. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1989. I.L.A.R. news v. 31 (3): p. 5-14. ill; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Cages   418                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 Q fever control measures: recommendations for research facilities using sheep. Bernard, K.W.; Parham, G.L.; Winkler, W.G.; Helmick, C.G. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 89-96; 1985. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Animal experiments; Facilities; Q fever; Disease control; Zoonoses   419                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8 Quantitatively tested environmental enrichment options for singly-caged nonhuman primates: a review. Reinhardt, V.; Reinhardt, A. Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; 1992. Humane innovations and alternatives v. 6: p. 374-383; 1992.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Laboratory mammals; Cages; Animal welfare   420                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Rabbit encephalitozoonosis in Kenya. Wesonga, H.O.; Munda, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 26 (3): p. 219-221; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kenya; Rabbits; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Histopathology; Brain; Cerebellum; Kidneys; Case reports  Abstract:  Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection was diagnosed in a laboratory rabbit breeding colony at Muguga, Kenya. This is the first report of the disease in rabbits in Kenya. Post- mortem examination showed gross renal lesions and the presence of the parasite in histological sections of the cerebrum and cerebellum. On Gram stain, spores were observed in the kidney sections.   421                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523 Rabbit husbandry and medicine. Harkness, J.E. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Sep. The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 17 (5): p. 1019-1044. ill; 1987 Sep.  In the series analytic: Exotic pet medicine / edited by J.E. Harkness.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Animal husbandry; Cages; Reproduction; Rabbit feeding; Disease prevention; Rabbit diseases   422                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.381 Rabbits care and management in a laboratory setting..  Rabbits, care and managment in a laboratory setting Harwell, James F.; Pucak, George University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources,; 1990. 47 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (20 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9002).  Publication date on guide: 1991. Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits as laboratory animals; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Covers importance of the environment, writing procedures for care and management to comply with the Animal Welfare Act and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.   423                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Rapid diagnosis and management of parainfluenza I virus infection in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Sutherland, S.D.; Almeida, J.D.; Gardner, P.S.; Skarpa, M.; Stanton, J. London : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1986 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 20 (2): p. 121-126. ill; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Paramyxoviridae; Serological diagnosis; Histopathology   424                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Rationalization and computerization of the drug supply to an animal unit. Wootton, R.; Henderson, F. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 21 (4): p. 283-288. ill; 1987 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Drugs; Pharmacy; Management; Computer applications; Stock accounting  Abstract:  Drug stocks in an animal unit were rationalized by discarding out-of-date or unwanted items and drawing up an approved stock list. A computerized system of stock control which enables a regular and accurate inventory of pharmaceuticals to be made was then established. In addition, the paperwork required for reordering drugs is produced automatically. Pharmaceuticals to a total value of 1650 pounds were discarded during the rationalization phase. The value of drugs stocked in the animal unit then stabilized at about one- third of previous levels. In the first 6 months of operation of the new system drug expenditure fell by about 40% in comparison with the same period 1 year previously. The drug stock control system has proved economical to operate and accurate, and can be run by persons without computer expertise. Valuable savings in both cost and labour have resulted. Effective management of drug expenditure by the animal unit is now possible.   425                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Rearing a second generation of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) in captivity. Kirkwood, J.K.; Epstein, M.A.; Terlecki, A.J.; Underwood, S.J. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1985 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 19 (4): p. 269-272. ill; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal breeding; Callithricidae; Endangered species; Mortality; Parturition   426                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Rearing and maintenance of the Australian anuran Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, under laboratory conditions. Chapman, J.E. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1987 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 38 (3): p. 175-182. ill; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Frogs; Laboratory rearing; Facilities; Animal housing; Animal breeding; Anesthesia; Euthanasia  Abstract:  Methods are described for rearing and maintaining in the laboratory the anuran Limnodynastes tasmaniensis. It is necessary to provide a range of live foods for adults and to ensure high water quality for all growth stages. The frog does not hibernate and breeds throughout the year in the laboratory, making it an excellent subject for experimental research.   427                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.R42 1985 Recommendations for governance and management of institutional animal resources. Joint AAMC-AAU Ad Hoc Committee on the Governance and Management of Institutional Animal Resources, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of American Universities Washington, D.C. : Association of American Medical Colleges : Association of American Universities,; 1985. 9 p. ; 24 cm.  Cover title.  October, 1985.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals   428                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Recrudescence of Entopolypoides macaci Mayer, 1933, (Babesiidae) infection secondary to stress in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Emerson, C.L.; Tsai, C.C.; Holland, C.J.; Ralston, P.; Diluzio, M.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 169-171. ill; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca fascicularis; Entopolypoides; Protozoal infections; Stress; Relapse; Immunofluorescence  Abstract:  Parasites were found in red blood cells of two long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) imported from Indonesia and housed in the Washington Regional Primate Research Center breeding colony for 7 years or longer. Both macaques developed parasitemias secondary to stress (type D retrovirus in one case and severe trauma in the other). Entopolypoides macaci (Babesiidae) was diagnosed on the basis of morphology from peripheral blood smears stained with Wright's stain. Antibodies against Babesia sp. were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) from one infected macaque, which showed antibody cross-reactions (high titer) to B. bigemina, B. bovis, B. canis, and (low titers) to Plasmodium falciparum. Five feral long-tailed macaques that had been imported recently from the same country had no detectable antibodies. This is the first report of IFA as an aid to diagnose E. macaci in nonhuman primates.   429                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Rederivation of MHV and MEV antibody positive mice by cross- fostering and use of the microisolator caging system. Lipman, N.S.; Newcomer, C.E.; Fox, J.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (2): p. 195-199. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Barrier husbandry; Viral hepatitis; Encephalitis; Mice; Cages; Specific pathogen-free state; Isolation   430                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.J55 Reduced fertility in gracile axonal dystrophy (gad) mice. Yamazaki, K.; Wakasugi, N.; Sakakibara, A.; Tomita, T. Tokyo : Keio University School of Medicine; 1988 Apr. Jikken dobutsu; experimental animals v. 37 (2): p. 195-199; 1988 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Female animals; Female fertility; Crosses; Litter size; Fetal death; Breeding efficiency; Strains   431                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Reference blood values of iron metabolism in cynomolgus macaques. Giulietti, M.; La Torre, R.; Pace, M.; Iale, E.; Patella, A.; Turillazzi, P. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 606-608; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca fascicularis; Iron; Mineral metabolism; Blood; Normal values; Reference standards; Sex differences  Abstract:  Iron deficiency anemia is a human health problem of global significance, particularly as it affects pregnant women and infants. While the study of nonhuman primates has resulted in valuable knowledge about iron metabolism, hematologic and biochemical reference ranges for the parameters of iron metabolism are difficult to document in healthy monkeys. At our institution, we maintain a large breeding colony of healthy cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Data compiled after sampling nonpregnant females and male members of this colony are presented as reference ranges for red cell number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cellular volume, mean cellular hemoglobin, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum transferrin, and serum ferritin.   432                                   NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8 Refinement of animal research technique and validity of research data. Rowan, A.N. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1990 Jul. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology v. 15 (1): p. 25-32; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Research; Environmental factors; Animal housing   433                               NAL Call. No.: QP1.A2 SUPPL. Regulation of animal experimentation in Sweden. Skoglund, E. Stockholm : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1986. Acta physiologica Scandinavica v. 128 (554): p. 153-157; 1986.  Paper presented at the "Second CFN Symposium on the Ethics of Animal Experimentation," August 12-14, 1985, Stockholm, Sweden.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sweden; Animal experiments; Legislation; Ethics; Animal housing; Regulations   434                                 NAL Call. No.: RA565.A1E54 Relationship of dietary lodide and drinking water disinfectants to thyroid function in experimental animals. Revis, N.W.; McCauley, P.; Holdsworth, G. Research Triangle Park, N.C. : National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; 1986 Nov. E H P Environmental health perspectives v. 69: p. 243-248; 1986 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigeons; Rabbits; Diet; Iodides; Drinking water; Disinfectants; Thyroid gland   435                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4 Report of the Validation and Technology Transfer committee of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Framework for validation and implementation of in vitro toxicity tests. Goldberg, A.M.; Frazier, J.M.; Brusick, D.; Dickens, M.S.; Flint, O.; Gettings, S.D.; Hill, R.N.; Lipnick, R.L.; Renskers, K.J.; Bradlaw, J.A. London : Taylor & Francis, 1971- ; 1993 May. Xenobiotica v. 23 (5): p. 563-572; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: In vitro; Animal models; In vitro culture; Methodology  Abstract:  The development and application of in vitro alternatives designed to reduce or replace the use of animals, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend in toxicology. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate validation activities. A framework capable of fostering the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technological developments from the research laboratory into practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks, a data bank, and reference laboratories. The creation of a Scientific Advisory Board composed of experts in the various aspects and endpoints of toxicity testing, and representing the academic, industrial and regulatory communities, is recommended. Test validation acceptance is contingent upon broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community--academics, industry and government. This is best achieved by early and frequent communication among parties and agreement upon common goals. It is hoped that the creation of a validation infrastructure composed of the elements described in this report will facilitate scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of replacement, reduction and refinement alternatives in toxicity testing.   436                                NAL Call. No.: SF407.F39B56 Reproduction, breeding, and growth. Fox, J.G. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger; 1988. Biology and diseases of the ferret / [edited by] James G. Fox. p. 174-183. ill; 1988.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ferrets; Reproduction; Animal breeding; Growth   437                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Reproduction, development and physiology of the gray short- tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Kraus, D.B.; Fadem, B.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (4): p. 478-482; 1987 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Opossums; Reproduction; Breeding methods; Developmental stages; Physiology; Laboratory rearing   438                               NAL Call. No.: QL737.P925H36 Reproductive cyclicity and breeding in the squirrel monkey. Dukelow, W.R. New York : Plenum Press; 1985. Handbook of squirrel monkey research / edited by Leonard A. Rosenblum and Christopher L. Coe. p. 169-190. ill; 1985.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Squirrel monkeys; Reproduction; Estrous cycle; Ovulation; Fertilization; Artificial insemination; Pregnancy   439                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Reproductive performance in C57BL and I strain mice. Hoover-Plow, J.; Elliott, P.; Moynier, B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (5): p. 595-602; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Strains; Reproductive performance; Animal breeding; Laboratory rearing   440                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A45 Researching your local research facility. Budkie, M.A. Monroe, Conn. : Animal Rights Network; 1990 Oct. The Animals' agenda v. 10 (8): p. 16-18. ill; 1990 Oct.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Research institutes; Animal experiments; Research projects; Data collection   441                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Research-oriented genetic management of nonhuman primate colonies. Williams-Blangero, S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 535-540; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Animal breeding; Animal experiments; Genetic variation; Pedigree; Genetic markers; Quantitative traits; Heritability  Abstract:  Genetic management is an important component of the general management of nonhuman primate colonies. However, standard genetic management techniques were developed primarily to address the goals of population conservation, particularly in zoo situations. The special needs of colonies that produce animals for biomedical research have not previously been fully addressed and the great potential of genetic management in the research environment remains to be realized. A research-oriented genetic management approach balances long-term breeding goals and current and future experimental needs, yielding a comprehensive overall colony management program. Pedigree information, genetic markers (e.g., serum proteins, red blood cell enzymes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and single-locus microsatellites), and quantitative traits (e.g., routinely gathered clinical chemical values, weights, and blood pressures) can be used alone or in combination to estimate genetic variability in the colony and to characterize animals for experimentally relevant traits. The statistical power of experiments using nonhuman primates can be improved when animals are selected on the basis of their genetic values or genotypes for experimentally relevant traits because the quantified genetic variation among subjects can then be minimized. The incorporation of experimental needs into the overall genetic management plans for captive breeding colonies helps ensure the long-term viability of colonies for meeting the demands of both breeding and research.   442                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Resolving issues of psychological well-being and management of laboratory nonhuman primates. Bayne, K. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 27-39; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Primates; Laboratory rearing; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Surveys; Research institutes   443                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Response of adult New Zealand white rabbits to enrichment objects and paired housing. Huls, W.L.; Brooks, D.L.; Bean-Knudsen, D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 609-612; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Animal welfare; Cages; Enrichment; Social behavior  Abstract:  Enhancing the psychological well-being of laboratory animals has received much attention recently. Although many studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of cage enrichment techniques on dogs and nonhuman primates, other than scant empirical observations, little has been done to measure these events objectively in lagomorphs. We studied adult female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to learn if, when given the opportunity, individual rabbits would use different enrichment objects placed in their cages, and to determine if rabbits preferred to be in proximity to one another, or apart. Three different objects were evaluated with eight rabbits individually housed in conventional cages. Each object introduced into individual rabbit cages stimulated substantial interaction, especially chewing behavior. Eight other rabbits were pair-housed in a modified caging system with a special access port between two separate cages. When given a choice, rabbits preferred to be in the same cage with other rabbits. In both studies, individual behaviors were monitored, as well as either the type of interaction and percentage of observations spent with each object or, in the housing study, percentage of observations involved with different types of activity, and relative location of the paired rabbits.   444                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Responses of female rhesus macaques to an environmental en richment apparatus. Line, S.W.; Clarke, A.S.; Markowitz, H.; Ellman, G. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 24 (3): p. 213-220; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Environment; Enrichment  Abstract:  Environmental enrichment devices are a potential way to enhance psychological well-being in laboratory animals. The effects of such devices need to be systematically evaluated before they are recommended for widespread use. The purpose of this research was to monitor the behavioural and physiological responses of adult female rhesus macaques to a simple enrichment device. The apparatus consisted of a box attached to the monkey's home cage that contained a radio and a food dispenser, which could be controlled by the monkeys via contact detectors. Radio and food dispenser use were automatically recorded. Whole blood serotonin (WBS), plasma cortisol and abnormal behaviour were measured in 5 monkeys before, during and after a 20-week period in which the monkey's cages were equipped with the device. All monkeys used the device (3 of the 5 subjects earned an average of more than 200 food pellets per day). Mean plasma cortisol and whole blood serotonin did not differ across sampling times, suggesting that the apparatus had no effect on basal stress levels. There was an inverse relationship between apparatus use and cortisol levels in 76% of the samples, but only 3 of 17 coefficients were significant. There was a significant but small negative correlation between apparatus use and self- abusive behaviour. This enrichment device was readily used by adult rhesus monkeys and could be adapted for use in a wide variety of laboratory settings.   445                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A restraint system for the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). O'Byrne, K.T.; Morris, K.D. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 22 (2): p. 148-150. ill; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marmoset; Restraint; Facilities; Equipment; Blood specimen collection  Abstract:  A method for restraining the marmoset in a primate chair is described. The device is inexpensive to construct, is reliable, and the majority of animals can be habituated to its use. The chair has been used in neurobiological studies employing electrophysiological recordings, with or without concurrent collection of serial blood samples.   446                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Retinal cyclic light damage threshold for albino rats. Semple-Rowland, S.L.; Dawson, W.W. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (3): p. 289-298. ill; 1987 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Cages; Lighting; Light intensity; Retinas; Damage   447                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Rigid plastic balls as enrichment devices for captive chimpanzees. Bloomsmith, M.A.; Finlay, T.W.; Merhalski, J.J.; Maple, T.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 May. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (3): p. 319-322; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzees; Environment; Enrichment; Toys; Play; Sex differences; Age differences; Animal housing  Abstract:  The use of rigid, plastic balls as enrichment devices for 16 captive chimpanzees was studied at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center chimpanzee colony. After the subjects were presented with balls, 10 hours of data were collected for each subject using a scan-sampling technique. The mean percentage of ball-use time for all subjects during the study was 7.1%. There was no sex difference in ball use. Age and housing effects were obtained, with younger animals and those housed in more barren environments exhibiting higher levels of ball use. It is concluded that the balls were worthwhile additions to the chimpanzee environments with use stabilizing at a mean of 2.5% of the subjects' time.   448                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Ringtail in the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris). Ellison, G.T.H.; Westlin-Van Aarde, L.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 24 (3): p. 205-206; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Tail; Animal diseases; Relative humidity  Abstract:  Laboratory colonies of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris) were housed in solid bottom cages and fed a varied diet containing excess fatty acids. Ringtail was only initiated in animals of all ages, from populations originating from different areas of South Africa, when the relative humidity fell below 30%. The incidence of ringtail was curtailed by maintaining relative humidity above 45% in animal houses.   449                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus) a southern African venomous snake--housing, husbandry and maintenance. Dawson, P.; Alexander, G.J.; Nicholls, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (2): p. 71-76; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Elapidae; Animal housing; Animal husbandry   450                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.967 Rodents basic needs, handling and care. Hamm, Thomas E. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (18 min., 21 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents as laboratory animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Training video for research personnel which includes a discussion of animal shipping, identification, viral disease monitoring, confinement caging, water, bedding and environment for rodents. Guidelines for determining when euthanasia is appropriate are provided.   451                             NAL Call. No.: SF105.W693 1986 The role of computer simulation and laboratory animals in the design of breeding programs. Harris, D.L.; Stewart, T.S. Lincoln : University of Nebraska, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; 1986. 3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production : July 16-22, 1986 / editors: G.E. Dickerson and R.K. Johnson. v. 4 p. 251-268; 1986. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Breeding programs; Systems analysis   452                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 A room with a view for captive primates: issues, goals, related research and strategies. O'Neill, P. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 135-160. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cercopithecidae; Capture of animals; Cages; Medical research; Environment; Animal housing; Social behavior; Psychoses   453                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 S.544. Heflin, H. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1992 Jul. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 3 (3): p. 1, 7-8; 1992 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Legislation   454                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 A safe and easy way to pick up B6C3F1 mice from wire-bottom cages. Quezada, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Jul. Lab animal v. 23 (7): p. 53; 1994 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Handling   455                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.749 Safe use of pesticides and disinfectants in the poultry industry produced by Office of Pesticide Information and Coordination, Integrated Pest Management Education and Publications, UC Statewide IPM Project, University of California, Davis ; videotaped and edited by Visual Media, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, UC, Davis. University of California, Davis, Visual Media, University of California, Davis, Office of Pesticide Information and Coordination Davis, CA : Visual Media, [1989?]; 1989. 1 videocassette (25 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Poultry; Housing; Disinfection; Safety measures; Disinfection and disinfectants; Safety measures; Pesticides; Safety measures; Veterinary disinfection; Safety measures  Abstract:  This videocassette, designed to provide general training for poultry workers, discusses the safe use of pesticides in and around poultry houses and processing plants. It focuses on disinfectants. The program explains the significance of labels and signal words; the three ways pesticides enter the body, through inhalation, ingestion, and absorption; how to use and maintain protective clothing and equipment, properly apply pesticides, properly dispose of containers, handle pesticide spills, recognize pesticide poisoning symptoms, handle medical emergencies, and avoid overexposure of applicators by periodic blood analysis for cholinesterase level. Preventing bird poisonong and avoiding illegal pesticide residues are addressed. Formaldehyde and herbicides are covered. Insecticides, miticides, insect baits and sprays, and rodenticides are mentioned as pesticides used in the poultry industry.   456                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Salvation or extinction of the chimpanzee: the final struggle begins?. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1988 Mar. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 15 (3): p. 176-179; 1988 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzee; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Wildlife conservation; Endangered species   457                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.S37 Scientists doubtful about new law aiming to protect animal research facilities. Kaufman, R. Philadelphia, Pa. : Institute for Scientific Information; 1992 Oct26. The scientist v. 6 (21): p. 1, 5; 1992 Oct26.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Legislation; Vandalism   458                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Screening rabbit colonies for antibodies to Pasteurella multocida by an ELISA. Zaoutis, T.E.; Reinhard, G.R.; Cioffe, C.J.; Moore, P.B.; Stark, D.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 419-422; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Pasteurella multocida; Screening; Elisa; Immunodiagnosis; Serological surveys  Abstract:  Rabbit serum samples from eleven different research facilities were evaluated for the presence of immunoglobulin G against Pasteurella multocida by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each facility which submitted serum samples also provided a brief history of each rabbit colony tested. Rabbits from colonies reported to have endemic P. multocida or of undetermined status had 83 (58.9%) of 141 rabbits that were positive. Colonies reported to be free from P. multocida had 110 (92.4%) of 119 rabbits that were negative by ELISA. The ELISA test described here showed a high degree of agreement (92-94%) with two other P. multocida ELISAs at different diagnostic facilities. This study confirms that an ELISA testing for serum antibodies against the P. multocida is a reliable diagnostic tool to screen colonies for P. multocida.   459                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Security in the research laboratory. 2. Communications, personnel and publicity. Clifford, D.H.; Green, K. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Apr. Lab animal v. 15 (3): p. 23-24, 28-29. ill; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal husbandry; Security; Animal housing; Research institutes; Public relations; Personnel   460                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Security in the research laboratory. I. Perimeter and internal control. Green, K.A.; Clifford, D.H. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Mar. Lab animal v. 15 (2): p. 22-24, 27-28, 31, 34, 36. ill; 1986 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Security; Animal research; Research institutes; Laboratories; Facilities   461                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Semen characteristics of vervet monkeys. Seier, J.V.; Fincham, J.E.; Menkveld, R.; Venter, F.S. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 23 (1): p. 43-47; 1989 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cercopithecidae; Monkeys; Electroejaculation; Semen characters  Abstract:  Semen samples (91) from 47 vervet monkeys were collected by electroejaculation over a 2 year period. Seventy- eight of these were from 37 singly caged males of unknown fertility and 13 from 10 breeding males of known fertility. Mean values for semen characteristics of the singly caged males were: volume 0.45 ml, pH 7.8, concentration 184 X 10(6)/ml, forward progression rating 2.95 (scale 0-4), motility 55.4%, live 68% and abnormal morphology 3.5%. Mean values for semen characteristics for the breeding males were: volume 0.86 ml, pH 9.00, concentration 117.15 X 10(6)/ml, forward progression rating 3.00 (scale 0-4), motility 43.6%, live 53.3% and abnormal morphology 6%. Semen volumes in the singly caged males were lower than the volumes reported in other studies.   462                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Serological following of a laboratory rat breeding contaminated with respiratory viruses during 1981-1986. Pribylova, M.; Svoboda, T.; Klir, P. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 379-384. ill; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Laboratory rearing; Contamination; Respiratory diseases; Viruses; Serological diagnosis; Histopathology; Isolation   463                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Sex ratio and litter size in relation to parity and mode of conception in three inbred strains in mice. Krackow, S.; Gruber, F. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 24 (4): p. 345-352; 1990 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Sex ratio; Litter size; Conception; Estrus; Postpartum interval; Anestrus; Parous rates  Abstract:  Breeding records from three inbred strains of mice (BALB/c ABom, C57BL/10ScSn, C3H/He/Kon) were examined with respect to the effects of parity and mode of conception upon litter size and sex ratio at birth. Litters from 3 modes of conception were considered: litters of primipares, litters of multipares conceived during postpartum oestrus and litters conceived after lactational anoestrus. Litters of multipares were assigned to one of these latter groups according to the inter-litter intervals. Parity had no significant effect upon the sex ratio but had a significant one upon the litter size, which did not vary between the strains when first litters were excluded from analysis. The expected variations in response to the mode of conception were found in BALB/c ABom mice but both the effects on the Utter size as well as on the sex ratio varied significantly between the strains. Litter size reduction per se could be ruled out to be the cause of the sex ratio variations found. Rather, it is suggested that sex- specificity of embryonic loss depends upon the mode of conception.   464                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Sexual selection for spatial-learning ability. Gaulin, S.J.C.; Fitzgerald, R.W. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Feb. Animal behaviour v. 37 (2): p. 322-331. ill; 1989 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Microtus; Rodents; Sex differences; Learning ability; Ranges; Size; Cage size; Laboratory methods  Abstract:  Sex differences in spatial learning have been thought to be universal among mammals, but their adaptive significance has been neglected. Spatial-learning skills are hypothesized to evolve in proportion to nagivational demands, and it is predicted that sex differences in spatial ability will evolve only in species where range expansion contributes differentially to the reproductive success of males and females. This prediction was tested via field studies of ranging behaviour and laboratory studies of spatial ability in two congeneric rodent species whose mating systems differ. Radiotelemetric studies showed that, in a polygynous species (meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus) males expanded their ranges only during the breeding season and only when they attained full reproductive status. Females showed neither response. This suggests that range expansion was a male reproductive tactic. In contrast, a monogamous congener (prairie voles, M. ochrogaster) showed no sex differences in ranging, regardless of reproductive status. This probably reflects the relative inability of monogamous males and females to benefit from increased exposure to members of the opposite sex. When subsequently tested in a series of seven symmetrical mazes, subjects from the field studies exhibited the predicted sex-by-species patterns of spatial ability: only meadow voles showed consistent male superiority on these spatial tasks.   465                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The Siconbrec project--conditioning and breeding facilities for the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines: a review after the first five years. Hobbs, K.R. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (1): p. 55-64. ill., maps; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Philippines; Macaca; Facilities; Breeding programs; Exports  Abstract:  Five years after its establishment in the Philippines, the Siconbrec project has made rapid and effective progress in establishing large-scale breeding programms to produce Macaca fascicularis for biomedical purposes. If the current rate of expansion is continued, the need to use wild-trapped monkeys from the Philippines will decline to a point where few should be required for export by the mid 1990s.   466                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Signs of enrichment toward the psychological well-being of chimpanzees. Fouts, R.S.; Abshire, M.L.; Bodamer, M.; Fouts, D.H. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 376-388; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chimpanzee; Animal welfare; Cage size; Exercise; Habitats; Social interaction; Facilities   467                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 The simian-type M and the human-type ABO blood groups in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops): their inheritance, distribution and significance for the management of a breeding colony. Terao, K.; Hiyaoka, A.; Cho, F.; Honjo, S. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 347-354; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cercopithecidae; Blood groups; Genetics; Inheritance; Animal breeding  Abstract:  We have established a new simian-type blood group system (M blood groups) in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), using a haemagglutinating antibody which was developed by alloimmunization. The M blood groups consisted of two phenotypes, type-M and type-m. We have also determined the mode of inheritance as well as the distribution of both simian-type M and human-type ABO blood groups, employing 113 families including 160 animals. The family analysis revealed that (1) the simian-type M blood groups were governed by the two alleles, dominant M and recessive m, and (2) the human-type ABO blood groups were governed by 3 alleles, codominant A and B and silent O, although no monkey of phenotype-O was found in our breeding colony. Differences in the phenotypic distribution and gene frequency of respective M and ABO blood groups were observed among 3 populations imported at different times. The genetic management of the African green monkey breeding colony was discussed in relation to the difference in distribution of phenotypes of M and ABO blood groups between the parental (wild-originated) and the first filial (colony-born) populations.   468                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 A simple, cheap barrier system to upgrade the health status of a conventional rat breeding colony. Lewin, L.; Hansen, G. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1986 Aug. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 37 (2): p. 93-104. ill; 1986 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Animal health; Respiratory diseases; Bacteria; Disease prevention; Floors; Testing   469                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A simple device for the objective measurement of activity. Chalain, T.M.B. de; Whitefield, D. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 25 (3): p. 212-215; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Activity; Measurement; Cages; Monitors  Abstract:  The activity of small experimental animals is difficult to quantify without prolonged observation and note- taking. We describe a relatively cheap and easily constructed device for monitoring and recording activity. Appropriate modifications make the basic device suitable for limited field applications.   470                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A simple method for the concurrent stimulation of skelton muscle in several animals. Rosenblatt, J.D.; Lin, P.J.; McKee, N.H.; Kuzon, W.M. Jr Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 347-348. ill; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Skeletal muscle; Stimulation; Electricity; Methodology; Cages; Electrical equipment   471                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Simple methods which maintain the barrier status of specific- pathogen-free animals during experimentation. Herbert, J.; Roser, B. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 21 (2): p. 149-154. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Animal experiments; Specific pathogen free state; Equipment; Facilities   472                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A simplified method for stress free continuous blood collection in large animals. Ladewig, J.; Stribrny, K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 333-335. ill; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pigs; Stress; Blood specimen collection; Catheters; Animal housing   473                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Skeletal lesions and anemia associated with ascorbic acid deficiency in juvenile rhesus macaques. Eisele, P.H.; Morgan, J.P.; Line, A.S.; Anderson, J.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 245-249; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Macaca mulatta; Ascorbic acid; Vitamin deficiencies; Anemia; Bone diseases; Lameness; Symptoms; Diagnosis; Therapy; Vitamin supplements; Case reports  Abstract:  Young rhesus macaques housed in outdoor corn cribs and fed a commercially prepared primate diet became weak, depressed, were reluctant to move, and expressed locomotor abnormalities. Thirteen severely affected animals were hospitalized for evaluation. Physical examination disclosed swellings and instabilities involving the ends of long bones. Radiography confirmed physeal fractures in 11 of 13 animals. Affected bones included the distal femur, proximal humerus, distal tibia/fibula, and distal radius/ulna. Other, less obvious changes were noted on radiographs. Anemia was a consistent finding. Ascorbic acid deficiency was suspected and therapy was initiated that consisted of vitamin supplements, diet change, cage rest, and support bandages. Feed samples were submitted to a laboratory for analysis and were confirmed deficient in vitamin C. Follow-up radiographs showed large calcifying subperiosteal hematomas in epiphyseometaphyseal regions, consistent with a diagnosis of scurvy. Twelve of 13 animals recovered clinically. Subsequent radiographs documented improvement of initially severe angular deformities associated with displaced fractures.   474                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Skills and responsibilities in laboratory management. Scher, S. New York : Media Horizons; 1985 May. Lab animal v. 14 (4): p. 43; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Technicians; Management; Skills; Responsibility   475                            NAL Call. No.: SF774.5.J66 1985 Smaller laboratory animals., 4th ed. Keeley, A. Oxford [Oxfordshire] : Pergamon Press; 1985. Jones's animal nursing / edited by D.R. Lane for the British Small Animal Veterinary Association, with contributions from twenty-six authors. p. 148-153. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Environmental temperature; Cages; Animal housing; Animal feeding; Diets; Nursing   476                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Social enrichment for aged rhesus monkeys that have lived singly for many years. Reinhardt, V. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (3): p. 173-177; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Enrichment; Social environment; Aggressive behavior  Abstract:  There is widespread concern that aged rhesus monkeys who have been housed singly for a long time would do better living alone than sharing a cage with a companion. Ten female and five male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) 22 to 33 years old and deprived of physical contact with any other conspecific for more than 10 years, were socialised with weaned infants (11 pairs) or with each other (2 female--female pairs) using two standard methods of pairing. Pairing was associated with a total of 7 non-injurious aggressions during the first hour. Pairs were compatible (no visible signs of injury, adequate food sharing, no signs of depression) in every case throughout a one year follow-up period. The aged monkeys' body weight three weeks after pairing were not average 0.8% greater than one week before pairing, suggesting that their well-being was not jeopardised by the presence of a compatible companion. It was concluded that social enrichment can be achieved for old rhesus monkeys who have lived singly for many years without undue risks. The animal's high degree of social acceptance was taken as a sign of their inherent social disposition.   477                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Social housing of monkeys and apes: group formations. Bernstein, I.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 329-333; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Pongidae; Animal housing; Social structure; Groups   478                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Social influences on vigilance in rabbits. Roberts, S.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jun. Animal behaviour v. 36 (3): p. 905-913; 1988 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Social behavior; Social structure; Feeding behavior; Multiple regression  Abstract:  The potential advantage of corporate vigilance to rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, groups was studied in free- ranging rabbits that associated and cohabited basically in male-female 'consorting' pairs. Evening observations were conducted of rabbits during the breeding season. Levels of vigilance of an individual rabbit during feeding decreased with proximity to that rabbit's 'consort'. In contrast, rabbits increased their vigilance in the presence of greater numbers of non-consort rabbits either nearby or over 12 m away. An experiment using stuffed animals as stimulus objects indicated that the presence of a strange rabbit or of a fox increased the proportion of time that rabbits spent vigilant. Non-social factors also influenced vigilance and feeding. In particular, vigilance decreased as the evening proceeded and with higher temperature. For bucks only, it also decreased as the season advanced.   479                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Social interaction in nonhuman primates: an underlying theme for primate research. Novak, M.A.; Suomi, S.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 308-314; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Social interaction; Animal experiments; Animal housing; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Social living is assumed to be a critical feature of nonhuman primate existence inasmuch as most primate species live in social groups in nature. Recent USDA legislation emphasizes the importance of social contact in promoting psychological well-being and recommends that laboratory primates be housed with companions when consistent with research protocols. Our goals were to examine the link between social housing and psychological well-being and to explore the idea that research may be compromised when primates are studied in environments that vary too greatly from their natural ecological setting (individual cage housing versus group housing). Three general points emerge from these examinations. First, providing companionship may be a very potent way in which to promote psychological well-being in nonhuman primates; however, social living is not synonymous with well-being. The extent to which social housing promotes psychological well-being can vary across species and among individual members of the same species (for example, high- and low-ranking monkeys). Secondly, housing conditions can affect research outcomes in that group-housed animals may differ from individually housed animals in response to some manipulation. Social interaction may be a significant variable in regulating the biobehavioral responses of nonhuman primates to experimental manipulations. Finally, a larger number of socially housed subjects than individually housed subjects maybe necessary for some biomedical research projects to yield adequate data analysis. Thus, social living has significant benefits and some potential costs not only for the animals themselves, but for the research enterprise.   480                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L342 Social stress in laboratory mouse colonies. Brain, P.F. Potters Bar : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare; 1989. Laboratory animal welfare research : rodents : proc of a symposium organized by Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, held at the Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Univ of London, Egham, Surrey, 22nd April 1988. p. 49-61; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Stress; Animal housing; Groups   481                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A social tethering system for nonhuman primates used in laboratory research. Coelho, A.M. Jr; Carey, K.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 388-394; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Tethered housing; Catheters; Cages; Social behavior; Monitoring; Sampling; Physiological functions; Animal welfare  Abstract:  A housing and tether system was designed to permit sampling of body fluids, chronic monitoring of physiologic parameters (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate), performance of species typical behavioral interactions (aggression, affiliation, reproduction, etc), physical exercise (work on a motorized treadmill), assessment of water and diet consumption, as well as feces and urine collection. The system provided primates with the opportunity to engage in species typical social behavior and thereby minimized conditions which have been identified as contributing to the development of abnormal behaviors associated with individual housing. The system consisted of two parts: (a) a specialized cage system for housing small social groups of primates and (b) a tether and indwelling catheter system. Each modular system permitted four adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) to be tethered and housed in a social group. Each cage was 2.44 X 2.44 X 1.22 m (L X W X H) and could be subdivided by means of woven wire wall partitions. The tether system consisted of a backpack, a cloth jacket, a stainless-steel flexible cable containing electrical cables and catheters, and a saline infusion pump mounted on top of the cage. The system provides laboratory primates with the ability to socially interact with other nonhuman primates. The social cage tether system represents an example of a housing environment which could conform to both the letter and spirit of the new animal welfare legislation and still remain compatible with the objective of obtaining scientific data.   482                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Socialization and management of purpose-bred dogs. Carroll, T.; Valerio, D.A.; Pucak, G. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 33-37; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 37.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Animal husbandry; Animal housing; Animal breeding; Animal welfare; Socialization   483                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9H78 Solution to psychological enhancement of the environment for the nonhuman primate. Blackmore, W.M. Park Ridge, N.J. : Noyes Publications; 1989. Housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates / edited by Evalyn F. Segal. p. 235-243. ill; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Facilities; Cages; Exercise; Animal welfare; Psychological factors   484                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Some effects of limited exercise on purpose-bred Beagles. Campbell, S.A.; Hughes, H.C.; Griffin, H.E.; Landi, M.S.; Mallon, F.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (8): p. 1298-1301; 1988 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Exercise; Stress; Lymphocyte transformation; Cortisol; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Amendments to the Animal Welfare Act (PL 99-198) require that an exercise program for dogs be established by the attending veterinarian. A 6-week study was conducted to determine the effects of a moderate exercise program in purpose-bred Beagles. Sixteen male Beagles (4/group) were maintained as follows: (1) standard cage without exercise; (2) standard cage with individual exercise periods (35 minutes, 3 times/week); (3) large cage without exercise; and (4) standard cage with group-release exercise periods. Blood samples were collected for CBC, serum biochemical analysis including determination of serum cortisol concentration, and immune function (lymphocyte transformation assay). Group-released dogs interacted with each other during most of the exercise time. Fighting in these dogs occurred only during the third week. Dogs had little inclination to exercise when released along into the exercise area. Regardless of the size of the cage, dogs did not exercise unless human beings were present in the room. There were no significant differences in laboratory findings among dogs in the 4 groups. This moderate exercise program had no demonstrable effects. Similarly, continuous cage housing, without a formal exercise program, could not be determined to be detrimental to the physiologic or health status of dogs.   485                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Some factors which affect the ability of rats to cope with food deprivation. Naylor, V.H.; Davies, K. Sussex : The Institute of Animal Technology; 1987 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 38 (1): p. 35-44. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Animal experiments; Deprivation; Animal housing; Male animals; Rat feeding   486                              NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Specialized management of a miniature swine herd for the EPRI electric field study. Beamer, J.L.; Horstman, V.G. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 217-221. ill; 1986.  Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20, 1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Washington; Pigs; Small animal rearing; Electric field; Pig housing; Herds; Facilities   487                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Spontaneous and experimental infections in scid and scid/beige mice. Percy, D.H.; Barta, J.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 127-132; 1993 Apr.  Paper presented at a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Infections  Abstract:  Severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice are valuable animals to study a variety of logic and disease processes. Their capacity to support multiple tissue xenografts permits these mice to be used as intermediate models for host-specific, fastidious organisms for which a small animal model has not been available previously. However, because they are unable to mount a normal immune response, they are very susceptible to a variety of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens. Fatal, naturally occurring infections with bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus viridans, and Escherichia coli have been observed. In addition, based on observations after experimental or naturally occurring viral infections, scid and scid/beige mice have been shown to be very susceptible to infections with viruses such as mouse hepatitis virus, Sendai virus, and murine respiratory virus, with resulting mortality. Of the parasitic infections, Pneumocystis carinii is a relatively common contaminant of the respiratory tracts of scid mice and may complicate research projects, particularly experimental respiratory tract infections. In view of the enhanced susceptibility of these mice to infections of this type, it is essential that they be housed under optimal conditions, which include implementing stringent management practices and a functional barrier system.   488                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Spontaneous inclusion body hepatitis in young tamarins. I. Morphological study. Stiglmair-Herb, M.T.; Scheid, R.; Hanichen, T. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 80-87; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory mammals; Viral hepatitis; Nuclear inclusions; Liver cells; Endoplasmic reticulum; Histopathology  Abstract:  Over a period of 4 years approximately 60% of the new born and juvenile animals in a breeding colony of tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) died a sudden death. Histological examination at necropsy revealed interstitial hepatitis in 22 of the 30 young animals of the present study. The hepatocytes contained intranuclear inclusion bodies in 12 of the 22 cases. Upon ultrastructural examination, tubulovesicular structures and amorphous material were found in the nuclei. The endoplasmic reticulum had proliferated and was closely associated with undulating curved membranes. These morphological alterations resemble those reported in chimpanzees experimentally infected with NANB hepatitis viruses.   489                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Sprague Dawley rat mutant with tremor, ataxia, tonic immobility episodes, epilepsy and paralysis. Holmgren, B.; Urba-Holmgren, R.; Riboni, L.; Vega- SaenzdeMiera, E.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 226-228; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mutations; Mutants; Paralysis; Epilepsy; Tremor; Ataxia  Abstract:  A spontaneous neurological mutation was detected in a colony of Sprague Dawley rats. The animals developed a progressive neurological syndrome characterized by tremor (which appeared at the age of 1 month), ataxia (at 4 months), immobility episodes (after 5-6 months), audiogenic seizures and hindlimb paralysis (after 10 months). Cross breeding experiments indicate that this is an autosomal recessive mutation, which we have named taiep subline.   490                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Streptobacillus moniliformis epizootic in barrier-maintained C57BL/6J mice and susceptibility to infection of different strains of mice. Wullenweber, M.; Kaspareit-Rittinghausen, J.; Farouq, M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Nov. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (6): p. 608-612; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Streptobacillus; Strain differences; Susceptibility; Outbreaks; Genetic resistance  Abstract:  We report a Streptobacillus moniliformis epizootic in barrier-maintained SPF mice. Although various inbred and F1 hybrid strains of mice have been kept in this animal facility, only Han:C57BL/6J mice showed clinical signs of disease. During the course of the epizootic, 825 breeding animals (approximately 36% of the breeders) died or had to be killed because of severe clinical signs. Although sequential treatment with ampicillin and chlortetracycline gave good therapeutic results, the animal facility was vacated in order to exclude any risk of cross-contamination of the other rodent colonies in our institute. The source and route of transmission of S moniliformis could not be elucidated. To investigate strain dependent differences experimental infection of different strains of mice with our S moniliformis isolate was performed. After oral infection only C57BL,/6J showed the typical signs of a cervical lymphadenitis and gave an immunological response. BALB/cJ, C3H/He, DBA/2J, CB6F1 and B6D2F1 mice were not affected except in two cases of DBA/2J and B6D2F1 mice where serconversion was observed. After intravenous infection of C57BL/6J, DBA/21 and BALB/cJ all animals showed positive titers in the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF). One hundred percent of the C57BL/6J, forty percent of the DBA/2J, and none of the BALB/cJ mice developed severe symptoms. The results demonstrate that the susceptibility to streptobacillosis is predominantly influenced by genetic factors.   491                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A45 The stress of captivity. Pereira, M.E. Westport, Conn. : Animal Rights Network; 1987 Jul. The Animals' agenda v. 7 (6): p. 46-47. ill; 1987 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Social interaction; Stress; Cages; Animal behavior; Animal housing; Medical research   492                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Studies on beige-nude mice with low natural killer cell activity. 1. Introduction of the bg gene into nude mice and the characteristics of beige-nude mice. Hioki, K.; Maruo, K.; Suzuki, S.; Kato, H.; Shimamura, K.; Saito, M.; Nomura, T. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 21 (1): p. 72-77. ill; 1987 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Strains; Mutants; Genes; Genotypes; Animal breeding; Cell physiology  Abstract:  To improve the take-rate of human tumours in nude mice, a nude mouse strain with the bg gene was established. The introduction of the bg gene was confirmed by examination of giant granules of blood neutrophils. The genetic profile of beige-nude mice was the same as that of the C57BL/6 strain according to genetic screening. The natural killer cell activity in the beige-nude mice was much lower than that in ordinary nude mice but slightly higher than that in beige mice. The reproductivity of beige-nude mice was as high as that of ordinary nude mice.   493                                 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P A study of existing lighting systems and the potential for energy conservation in Wisconsin dairy facilities (preliminary results). Severance C.W.; Herrman, A.D.; Bowe, D.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-3021): p. 13-49; 1989. Paper presented at the International Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy farms; Lighting; Electricity; Energy conservation   494                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L274 The supply of laboratory animals. Donelly, H. Chichester [England] : Wiley; 1987. Laboratory animals : an introduction for new experimenters / edited by A.A. Tuffery. p. 63-78; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Reproduction; Animal breeding; Animal breeding methods; Legislation; Supply; Costs   495                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A survey of Pneumocystis carinii infection in research mouse colonies in Japan. Serikawa, T.; Kitada, K.; Muraguchi, T.; Yamada, J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 411-414; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Japan; Mice; Pneumocystis carinii; Disease prevalence; Disease surveys; Laboratories; Germfree animals  Abstract:  To determine the frequency of Pneumocystis carinii infection in mouse colonies maintained for biomedical research in medical colleges or medical faculties in universities in Japan, 409 nu/nu mice were sent to 43 animal facilities from a P. carinii-free colony. The animals were housed for 6 months in groups of 3 to 10 animals per room, and examined for the presence of parasites and infection. Colonies in 10 (24.4%) of 41 facilities were positive for the infection. Of 383 animals in 69 rooms, the organism was detected in 66 (17.2%) animals in 13 (18.8%) rooms. The difference in the proportion of rooms where mice were positive for P. carinii is clearly seen among these three groups; SPF mouse rooms (4 of 38 rooms, 10.5%), SPF mouse rooms with breeding units (5 of 25 rooms, 20.0%) and conventional mouse rooms (4 of 6 rooms, 66.7%). The survey indicates that strict housing arrangements and husbandry techniques are necessary to keep SPF mice free from P. carinii infection.   496                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A survey of staphylococci isolated from the laboratory gerbil. Solomon, H.F.; Dixon, D.M.; Pouch, W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 May. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (3): p. 316-318; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Gerbils; Staphylococcus; Dermatitis; Nose; Opportunistic infections  Abstract:  A microbiological survey of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, revealed coagulase-negative staphylococci to be common inhabitants of representative animals derived from three different breeding colonies. The nasal area was most often culture positive, and Staphylococcus xylosus was a predominant species. S. xylosus was the only organism cultured from nasal dermatitis. These organisms were found to be susceptible in vitro to the majority of the antimicrobial agents tested. This survey indicates that the possible role of S. xylosus as an opportunistic pathogen warrants further investigation.   497                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Swine in biomedical research management and models. Swindle, M.M.; Smith, A.C.; Laber-Laird, K.; Dungan, L. Washington, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1993. ILAR news v. 36 (1): p. 1-5; 1993.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Animal experiments; Medical research; Animal husbandry; Animal models   498                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81 Swine models for cardiovascular research: a low stress transport and restraint system for large swine. Lighty, G.W. Jr; Spear, R.S.; Karatay, M.C.; Hare, C.L.; Carlson, R.J. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1992 Apr. Cornell veterinarian v. 82 (2): p. 131-140; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Disease models; Cages; Restraint of animals; Transport of animals; Stress; Safety; Blood specimen collection; Echocardiography   499                                   NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Technical note: automatic sorting of free-ranging cattle. Anderson, D.M.; Rouda, R.R.; Murray, L.W.; Pieper, R.D. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 May. Journal of range management v. 45 (3): p. 312-314; 1992 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Free range husbandry; Sorting; Automation; Cattle feeding; Weight determination; Liveweight; Supplementary feeding; Cottonseed protein; Drinking behavior  Abstract:  An automated system to weigh and sort free-ranging cattle was adapted to administer cottonseed pellets (41% crude protein) to free-ranging cattle. The frequency with which animals drank water determined the interval between supplemental feedings. The automatic spacing of individual animals was the weakest link in the chain of events leading to the sorting of cattle into groups to administer treatments. Periodically during the study, free-standing water was available due to above-average precipitation. This resulted in an inconsistent supplementation schedule because animals did not have to return through the maze to drink water. Single herd management eliminated potential pasture-treatment confounding but accentuated individual animal behavior, which resulted in a range of supplement intakes and drinking water patterns.   500                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Technique for long-term infusion into the inferior mesenteric artery of unrestrained rats. Aguiar, J.L.A.; Garzon, F.T.; Schneider, S.; Berger, M.R.; Schlag, P.; Schmahl, D. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 22 (2): p. 173-176. ill; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Colon; Rectum; Neoplasms; Drug therapy; Arteries; Injection; Cannulation  Abstract:  A technique for long-term infusion into the inferior mesenteric artery was developed which allows simple and reliable regional infusion into the colorectal segment of unrestrained rats. The cannulation system consists of an injection port 'In Stoppers' as a flow swivel, connected to an injection needle, which is inserted into a polyethylene tube protected by a steel spiral. During infusion the animals are free to move in the cage with access to food and water ad libitum. The method is suitable for regional chemotherapy as well as for studies of colorectal tumours in rats. In this study 73% of the cannulae remained functional for continuous infusion over a 15 day period.   501                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A technique for rearing germfree piglets obtained without surgery. Ratcliffe, B.; Fordham, J.P. Essex : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1987 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 21 (1): p. 53-59. ill; 1987 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Piglets; Germ free husbandry; Laboratory rearing; Cages; Isolation technique; Equipment  Abstract:  A relatively simple procedure is described for obtaining germfree piglets which does not involve hysterectomy or hysterotomy. Newborn pigs were delivered into an isolator and their freedom from microbial contamination was ensured by applying bactericidal solutions externally and a combination of antibiotics in solution per os. 40 piglets so derived have been maintained free from detectable micro-organisms, some for up to 140 days. Equipment is described which allowed the long- term holding of these animals so that nutritional balance studies could be completed.   502                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.L342 Territory formation by mice under laboratory conditions: welfare considerations. Bishop, M.J.; Chevins, P.F.D. Potters Bar : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare; 1989. Laboratory animal welfare research : rodents : proc of a symposium organized by Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, held at the Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Univ of London, Egham, Surrey, 22nd April 1988. p. 25-48; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Animal welfare; Territoriality; Male animals; Stress; Corticosterone; Blood plasma; Urea; Testes; Testosterone; Animal housing   503                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Tetanus in baboons of a corral breeding colony. Goodwin, W.J.; Haines, R.J.; Bernal, J.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (2): p. 231-232. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Baboons; Tetanus; Clostridium tetani; Treatment   504                                     NAL Call. No.: 410 Z35 The timing of mating by postpartum estrous rats. Hedricks, C.; McClintock, M.K. Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1985 Jan. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie v. 67 (114): p. 1-16; 1985 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mating behavior; Pups; Maternal behavior; Breeding season; Estrus; Nesting   505                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Towards the computerized animal house: the Newcastle University Animal House Management System. Wootton, R.; Flecknell, P.A. London : Laboratory Animal Science Association; 1986 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 20 (2): p. 165-172; 1986 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Animal housing; Computer software; Management units; Animal husbandry; Accounting   506                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Training by microchip in the animal facility. Miller, L. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Feb. Lab animal v. 21 (2): p. 37-41; 1992 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Technicians; Training; Computer techniques   507                       NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1315 Training corral-living rhesus monkeys for fecal and blood sample collection Jeff Falkenstein Productions ; M.R. Clarke ... [et al.]. Clarke, M. R. Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Jeff Falkenstein Productions Covington, LA : Falkenstein Productions : Delta Regional Primate Research Center,; 1990. 1 videocassette (27 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 article reprint (3 p.)..  Language:  English  Descriptors: Blood; Feces; Rhesus monkey; Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Primates  Abstract:  This videotape shows the acclimation techniques to reduce stress for corral-living rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) when collecting fecal and blood samples. The monkeys are given food rewards in return for defecation in single holding cages. They also are trained to extend their leg through a modified sqeeze cage for unanesthetized bleeding from the saphenous vein. Once the acclimation is completed, the animals are shown to be relaxed during the procedure. One adult female continued to nurse her neonate infant through the venipuncture. This behavior modification is intended to reduce stress and increase safety for the animals and the technicians. This tape also provides a look at the corral facility at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center at Tulane University.   508                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Training in laboratory animal medicine and science: the Canadian situation. McLaughlin, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (3): p. 181-190; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Technical training; Veterinary education; Technicians; Veterinarians; Research workers; Laboratory animals  Abstract:  Education of technicians, investigators and laboratory animal veterinarians is a matter of increasing concern in Canada. Three basic training models exist for technicians: full-time college programs, in-house courses and a cooperative venture involving a community college (St. Lawrence, Kingston) and participating laboratory animal facilities coast-to-coast across Canada. CALAS/ACTAL maintains a technician registry. Training of investigators is all done currently in-house. In some universities, this training is mandatory. The CCAC syllabus provides guidelines for such training courses. Currently there is not a registry for investigators. There are limited opportunities in Canada for postdoctoral training in laboratory animal medicine for veterinarians. The situation is under review by CALAM which is conducting a needs assessment. Canadian laboratory animal veterinarians seeking recognition for specialised training must do so currently by writing to the Board examination of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM).   509                                   NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Training material for animal facility personnel, January 1989- January 1994. Allen, T. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1994 Mar. Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library (94-17): 60 p.; 1994 Mar.  Updates QB 91-107.07.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animals; Laboratories; Research; Careproviders; Workers; Training; Teaching materials; Bibliographies   510                                   NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Training materials for animal facility personnel, January 1979-August 1989. Clingerman, K. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Dec. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-08): 18 p.; 1989 Dec.  Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal housing; Laboratory animals; Animals; Careproviders; Teaching materials; Bibliographies   511                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The training of cynomolgus monkeys and how the human/animal relationship improves with environmental and mental enrichment. Heath, M. Sussex : The Institute; 1989 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 40 (1): p. 11-22. ill; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Monkeys; Training (animal); Attachment behavior; Environment; Social behavior; Cages   512                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Transgenic mouse colony management. Geistfeld, J.G. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Jan. Lab animal v. 20 (1): p. 21-25, 28-29; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Transgenics; Breeding methods   513                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Transmission experiments of cilia-associated respiratory bacillus in mice, rabbits and guineapigs. Matsushita, S.; Joshima, H.; Matsumoto, T.; Fukutsu, K. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 96-102. ill; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Rabbits; Guinea pigs; Respiratory diseases; Disease transmission; Bacillus  Abstract:  Transmission experiments of cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus were performed in mice in order to clarify the principal route of the infection, and in rabbits and guineapigs in order to examine their susceptibility. Determination of the infection was evaluated serologically by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) technique and histologically by the presence of CAR bacillus in the airways. BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with the SMR strain of CAR bacillus. The IFA antibody to the bacteria in these mice rose to more than 1:160 at 4 weeks postinoculation (PI) and the mice utilized as transmitters for the following experiments. One out of 15 uninfected mice kept in intracage contact with infected mice became infected from 4 weeks after contact. Incidence of contact infection increased thereafter. On the other hand, there was no evidence of infection in the uninfected mice housed in the separate cages from the cage in which infected mice were housed throughout the 12-week observation period. The primary method of CAR bacillus transmission seems to be direct contact with infected mice or fomites contaminated by infected mice; airborne transmission appears to be of little importance. Rabbits and guineapigs were also intranasally inoculated with the SMR strain of CAR bacillus. IFA antibodies were positively detected by 4 weeks PI, but no CAR bacillus nor histological changes relating to the infection were observed in the airways of either species. It is suggested that rat origin CAR bacillus can transmit to rabbits and guineapigs, and that the infection can spread to other species of rodents and rabbits.   514                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Transport-cage training of caged rhesus macaques. Reinhardt, V. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 57-61; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Transport of animals; Training of animals  Abstract:  Caged rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were trained to voluntarily enter a transport cage in an attempt to avoid undue distress reactions jeopardizing the validity of research data collected from such subjects. The training program required no extra technical equipment such as cage-squeeze- backs. Patience, gentleness, firmness and a good understanding of the animals were qualities of the animal care personnel ensuring the monkeys' willingness to cooperate. Of 341 trained adult rhesus macaques tested in the course of a routine weighing procedure, 87.4% (298/341) entered the transport cage promptly. Of the animals that were uncooperative, the majority entered the transport cage after encouragement (18/43) or after being prodded with a stick for no longer than 30 seconds (23/43). Only 2 subjects (0.6% of 341) stubbornly refused to leave their home cage and had to be chemically immobilized before they could be removed. Neither cage location (165 animals in lower-row cages, 176 animals in upper-row cages), sex (237 females, 104 males) or housing condition (67 single- housed animals, 274 pair-housed animals) had a noticeable impact on the animals' cooperativeness during the catching procedure. It was concluded that the time investment in the initial training quickly paid off in predictably swift catching of caged subjects that were not unduly distressed when entering the transport cage.   515                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Trapped in a guilt cage: How do scientist and technicians avoid getting close to the animals they work with?. Arluke, A. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Apr04. New scientist v. 134 (1815): p. 33-35; 1992 Apr04.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Public opinion   516                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A typical moist dermatitis in rabbits. Garibaldi, B.A.; Fox, J.G.; Musto, D.R.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Nov. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (6): p. 652-653; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Dermatitis; Cages; Moisture; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Case reports   517                                NAL Call. No.: SF407.M37B68 The UFAW handbook on the care and management of cephalopods in the laboratory..  Care and management of cephalopods in the laboratory Care & management of cephalopods in the laboratory Boyle, P. R. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Potters Bar, Herts. [England] : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare,; 1991. 63 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-58).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marine invertebrates as laboratory animals; Cephalopoda   518                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals., 6th ed.. Poole, Trevor B.; Robinson, Ruth, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare London : Longman ; New York : Churchill Livingstone,; 1987. x, 933 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes index.  Bibliography: p. 848-918.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals   519                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Ultrasonic determination of fetal parameters in baboons (Papio anubis). Herring, J.M.; Fortman, J.D.; Anderson, R.J.; Bennett, B.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 602-605; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Papio anubis; Fetal development; Age determination; Normal values; Age; Measurement; Dimensions; Ultrasound  Abstract:  The use of nonhuman primates to study reproductive physiology, fetal development, and neonatal management often depends on the availability of pregnant and fetal animals of known gestational history. The purpose of this study was to establish and correlate normal fetal growth parameters with gestational age in olive baboons (Papio anubis). Normal cycling females were bred to proven males by using the degree of perineal swelling and vaginal cytology to determine onset of ovulation. The subjects were evaluated to determine pregnancy beginning 18 days postmating, using an Aloka-650 diagnostic ultrasound unit, equipped with a 7.5 mhz prostate probe and a 5 mhz transabdominal probe. Ten pregnant animals were then evaluated sonographically every 3 days through day 30 and weekly through day 135 (average gestation 184 days). Measurements included gestational sac, greatest-length, biparietal diameter, femur length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference. Using the means and standard deviations, growth curves were constructed, and the data used to develop predicted value charts for gestational age estimation. Using the predicted value charts established in our study, subsequent evaluation of pregnant baboons in our colony disclosed concordance with actual gestational age.   520                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Unidirectional distribution of mosaicism in chimeric rats. Yamashita, T.; Kasai, N.; Miyoshi, I.; Namioka, S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 270-274; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Chimeras; Mosaicism; Inbred strains; Coat; Color; Erythrocytes; Cholinesterase; Isoenzymes; Major histocompatibility complex  Abstract:  Experimental rat chimeras were produced by aggregation of eight-cell embryos from two inbred strains, ACI/Hkm and WKAH/Hkm, which differ from each other in their major histocompatibility, complexes and coat colors, and their mosaicism was analyzed. The existence of the isozyme Es-1, a serum cholinesterase specifically produced by WKAH-derived cells, and the agouti coat color due to ACI cells, indicated that all of the rats analyzed were unequivocal chimeras. The proportion of ACI cells in the red blood cell populations of the chimeras varied from 45% to 98% as determined with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and a monoclonal antibody against class I (RT1) antigen. Digital analysis of the coat color revealed that the proportion of the ACI type of coat color ranged from 72% to 98% in these chimeric rats. Each phenotype expressed in the coat color was complex and varied in size. The ratios of red blood cells and the coat color inclined toward the ACI type of cell population. Conversely, the rate of the WKAH-cell-type population was less than 50%. A breeding test disclosed chimerism of germ cells in two chimeric rats, and there were more pups with agouti coats than with albino coats. Taken together, it was shown in most of the phenotypes analyzed that the ACT type of cells was predominant in all of the chimeric rats. We discuss the possible causes for this unbalanced distribution in the rats.   521                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 A unique housing system for rhesus macaques. Kaplan, M.L.; Lobao, B.J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Jun. Lab animal v. 20 (6): p. 48-50; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Macaca mulatta; Cages   522                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Urologic syndrome associated with wire caging in AKR mice. Everitt, J.I.; Ross, P.W.; Davis, T.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (5): p. 609-611; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Strains; Cages; Animal housing; Wire; Toxicology; Urinary tract diseases   523                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Use of cage space by guineapigs. White, W.J.; Balk, M.W.; Lang, C.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 208-214; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Cage size; Group size; Clustering; Animal welfare; Space requirements; Spatial distribution; Diurnal activity; Nocturnal activity  Abstract:  Cage space requirements for laboratory animals have been established by Government Regulation and Recommendations. In order to test the adequacy of these space allocations, the use of cage floor area by breeding groups of guineapigs was studied. A computer-coupled video tracking system capable of imaging in low light intensity as well as total darkness was used to determine the average per cent occupancy by guineapigs in all portions of a cage over 12-h light and dark cycles. Simultaneous time synchronized slow motion video recordings permitted an analysis of activity to be coordinated with cage use data. Results of the study revealed that breeding groups of guineapigs utilize the periphery of the cage almost to the total exclusion of the centre of the cage. Approximately 75-85% of an occupancy in both the day and evening hours occurred in 47% of the cage floor area located along the periphery. Analysis of video recordings revealed that the animals remained active throughout the day and night with no prolonged period of quiescence that could be associated with sleep. Results of this study suggest that while guidelines for housing guineapigs based on area allocation per animal can be formulated and are easy to administer, they cannot be supported by the behavioural characteristics of these animals or careful quantitation of their pattern of cage space utilization.   524                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 The use of computer controlled drinking systems in pharmacological research. Petrie, B.F.; Gabert, H.F.; Toms, M.P.; Tressel, W.R.; Alexander, B.K.; Beyerstein, B.L. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 105-110. ill; 1985.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal housing; Water troughs; Computer applications; Pharmacology   525                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The use of dirty bedding for detection of marine pathogens in sentinel mice. Thigpen, J.E.; Lebetkin, E.H.; Dawes, M.L.; Amyx, H.L.; Caviness, G.F.; Sawyer, B.A.; Blackmore, D.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 324-327; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Litter; Viral hepatitis; Antibody titer; Myobia musculi; Environment; Laboratory tests  Abstract:  Sentinel Swiss (CD-1) mice, housed without filter bonnets, were seronegative for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for 8 consecutive months in an experimental colony of CD-1 mice. MHV titers had been detected sporadically in sentinel mice housed in this colony during a 2 year period. In an effort to determine whether MHV was still present in the colony, two methods of exposing sentinel mice to an animal room environment were compared under routine husbandry practices. Eight cages (12 mice per cage; 2 cages per rack) of experimental virus antibody free sentinel mice, housed without filter bonnets, were placed on the bottom shelf of 4 of 12 racks in the room. Twice each week, four cages of sentinel mice received a composite sample of dirty bedding (bedding used previously by mice in the room). The remaining four cages of experimental sentinels received fresh non-used bedding. Sentinel mice were bled at monthly intervals for MHV serology. After 4 months, mice from two cages which received dirty bedding seroconverted to MHV and mice from one cage were positive for Myobia musculi (mites). Three weeks later, all four cages of mice which received dirty bedding were positive for MHV and three were positive for mites. In contrast, only two of four cages of mice which received fresh bedding were positive for MHV and all were negative for mites. These findings indicate the importance of exposing sentinel mice to dirty bedding and that MHV and mites may go undetected for several months in a mouse colony when the incidence levels are low where standard sanitation procedures are used.   526                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.L28 Use of laboratory animals as models for studies on genetics in domestic animals. Beilharz, R.G. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1986. Laboratory animals : laboratory animal models for domestic animal production / edited by E.J. Ruitenberg and P.W.J. Peters. p. 253-264; 1986. (World animal science. C, Production-system approach ; 2.).  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Domestic animals; Models; Quantitative genetics; Breeding programs   527                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Use of serum progesterone levels as an early, indirect evaluation of pregnancy in the timed pregnant domestic cat. Hammer, J.G.; Howland, D.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 42-45; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cats; Queens; Progesterone; Blood serum; Pregnancy diagnosis; Embryos; Age  Abstract:  There has been much research studying the effect of homotypic embryonic neural tissue transplantation in the central nervous system of rats and cats, with promising results. The benefits of transplantation are dependent upon the appropriate aged donor. Therefore, it is critical that the exact age of the embryonic tissue be known. For this reason we have developed a method of determining, indirectly, the pregnancy status and embryonic age in the domestic cat (Felis catus) using serum progesterone levels. Serum progesterone levels were monitored in 16 domestic cats during 26 breeding trials. Blood samples were taken prior to and 6 days after natural breeding to determine if ovulation had occurred, indirectly indicating pregnancy status. By knowing the exact date bred and if it resulted in pregnancy, an accurate embryonic age was calculated. A day 6 post-breeding serum progesterone concentration of < 5.0 ng/ml was considered a negative indication of pregnancy, > 5.0 ng/ml a positive indication of pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed by abdominal palpation 21 to 26 days after breeding. Serum progesterone levels taken on the sixth day after observed breeding provide an accurate, indirect evaluation of pregnancy in the timed pregnant domestic cat (81%, p=0.003).   528                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Use of streptomycin and isoniazid during a tuberculosis epizootic in a rhesus and cynomolgus breeding colony. Ward, G.S.; Elwell, M.R.; Tingpalapong, M.; Pomsdhit, J. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1985 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 35 (4): p. 395-399. ill; 1985 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rhesus monkeys; Tuberculosis; Streptomycin; Treatment   529                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.I55 1983 The use of the flexible film isolator in the management of rat and mouse colonies. Peters, A.G. Stuttgart, [W. Ger.] : G. Fisher Verlag; 1985. The Contribution of laboratory animal science to the welfare of man and animals--past, present and future : 8th Symposium of ICLAS/CALAS, Vancouver, 1983 / editors: J. Archibald, J. Pitchfield, H.C. Rowsell. p. 435-438; 1985. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Isolation; Management; Animal breeding; Animal husbandry   530                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Uterine involvement in guineapig salmonellosis. Okewole, P.A.; Uche, E.M.I.; Oyetunde, I.L.; Odeyemi, P.S.; Dawul, P.B. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 275-277; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Nigeria; Guinea pigs; Salmonella typhimurium; Uterus; Lesions; Symptoms; Mortality; Salmonellosis; Outbreaks  Abstract:  Of 334 mature breeding guineapigs, 53 (15.9%) died in a disease outbreak involving Salmonella typhimurium serotypes 1, 4, 5 and 12:i:1,2. The uterus was consistently involved. Nine other Salmonella-free mature female guineapigs when inoculated with a pure isolate from the outbreak, using the subcutaneous, intramuscular or per os route, succumbed to salmonellosis, reproducing signs and lesions observed during the outbreak. Abortion was not recorded during the outbreak despite many pregnant sows being affected. The isolate was sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline, ampicillin and cefuroxime but resistant to co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and penicillin.   531                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Varied cages result in more aggression in male CFLP mice. McGregor, P.K.; Ayling, S.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (3): p. 277-281; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Aggressive behavior; Cages; Animal welfare   532                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Viral battery testing in nonhuman primate colony management. Kalter, S.S.; Heberling, R.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 21-23; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Viral diseases; Viruses; Immunoassay; Disease surveys; Monitoring  Abstract:  Good colony management is associated with monitoring of animals for infectious agents. Of major current concern are B virus and simian AIDS (SAIDS) viruses. However, other viral agents frequently cause serious disease outbreaks which can be avoided if their presence is detected sufficiently early. The recent development of a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test system, i.e., the dot immunobinding assay (DIA) permits the monitoring of a colony for many of the viruses that pose problems. By employing battery type testing using a panel of appropriate viral antigens, investigators are able to detect the increased presence of viral agents of concern and take necessary measures to prevent extension of the problem.   533                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 The visual display board: an aid to facility management. Weichbrod, R.H.; Cisar, C.F.; Miller, J.G.; Simmonds, R.C. New York : Media Horizons; 1986 Jan. Lab animal v. 15 (1): p. 22-24. ill; 1986 Jan.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Facilities; Management; Displays; Visual aids   534                              NAL Call. No.: HV4701.U4 no.1 Welfare and housing of old world non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis and Papio sp.). Harris, Duncan Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, [1988?]; 1988. 64 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (UFAW animal welfare research report ; no. 1).  Cover and spine title: Welfare and housing of laboratory primates.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Papio; Kra   535                                  NAL Call. No.: RA1190.R42 Why different regulatory decisions when the scientific information base is similar? -- Human risk assessment. Nilsson, R.; Tasheva, M.; Jaeger, B. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Jun. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology v. 17 (3): p. 293-332; 1993 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pesticides; Regulation; Decision making; Management; Usage; Risk; Assessment; International cooperation  Abstract:  The main objective of this analysis has been to characterize the role of science, in a broad sense, in relation to social, economical, political, and other factors in explaining why regulatory decisions vary in different countries, although they are based on more or less identical scientific data. Eleven countries from different geographical areas and with varying cultural background have provided information in response to an extensive questionnaire aimed at identifying procedures for registration, restricting, or banning registration for certain selected pesticides. Although many of these responses lacked sufficient detail in certain aspects, together with other documentary sources they nonetheless provided insight with respect to some of the main concerns among and between nations regarding decisions in pesticide management. Among the main conclusions presented in this analysis, the following deserves particular emphasis: The underlying reasons for introducing restrictions on pesticide use on the national level will have to be more explicitly stated and openly declared by regulatory bodies of all nations. Although more pronounced in some countries, there is a strong influence of nonscientific considerations in pesticide management, that is not always based on rational considerations. In the field of hazard and risk assessment differences in scientific opinion have primarily, but not exclusively been identified regarding the evaluation of carcinogenic effects in experimental animals. In this area debated issues are the interpretation of the significance for man of certain types of tumors, methods for dose-response extrapolation, genotoxic versus nongenotoxic carcinogens, the use of MTD in long-term studies, mechanistic approaches to interpret cancer induction, and others. Another area identified to cause divergence is exposure assessment. Evaluation of pesticides on the national level for the purpose of regulation involves a tremendous duplication of efforts that could be substantially reduced by effective cooperation on the international level.   536                                  NAL Call. No.: SK357.A1W5 Why do we debate animal rights?. Schmidt, R.H. Bethesda, Md. : The Society; 1990. Wildlife Society bulletin v. 18 (4): p. 459-461; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Animal welfare; Hunting; Regulations; Trapping; Wildlife management   537                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.U5 1987 Wild rats and mice., 6th ed. Redfern, R.; Rowe, F.P. London : Longman; 1987. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of laboratory animals / edited by Trevor B. Poole; editorial assistant, Ruth Robinson. p. 266-274; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Murinae; Cages; Animal husbandry; Occupational hazards; Health hazards   538                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The wire-bar cage top as a barrier to breeding and genetic contamination of laboratory mice. Bean-Knudsen, D.E.; Wagner, J.E. Joliet, Ill. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1987 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 37 (3): p. 350-351; 1987 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice; Cages; Animal breeding; Barriers; Genetics; Contamination; Mating behavior   539                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Wistar diabetic fatty rat. Kava, R.; Peterson, R.G.; West, D.B.; Greenwood, M.R.C. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 9-13; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Animal breeding; Diabetes mellitus   540                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 WKY fatty rat as a model of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Peterson, R.G.; Little, L.A.; Neel, M.A. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 13-15; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Animal breeding   541                           NAL Call. No.: SF406.3.W67  1993 Workshop proceedings approaches to the design and development of cost-effective laboratory animal facilities : a workshop sponsored by the Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, June 9-11, 1993.. Approaches to the design and development of cost-effective laboratory animal facilities McKay, Donald G.; Neil, David H. Canadian Council on Animal Care Ottawa, Ont. : Canadian Council on Animal Care, [1993?]; 1993. xvi, 274, [31] p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals **Go to:**Author Index |  Subject Index | Top of Document
Author Index Abee, C.R. 61, 257, 327, 407 Abshire, M.L. 466 Adams, M. 219 Adams, M.R. 378 AEPA Architects Engineers, P.C. 296 Aguiar, J.L.A. 500 Aguila, H.N. 147 Aksel, S. 407 Alberius, P. 317 Alexander, B.K. 524 Alexander, G.J. 449 Ali, F. 167 Allan, D.J. 190 Allan, David J. 403 Allen, L.M. 188 Allen, T. 509 Almeida, J.D. 423 Alvares, A.P. 151 Alves, M.E.A.F. 137 American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 42 American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc 81, 360, 450 Amyx, H.L. 525 Anderson, D.M. 499 Anderson, J.H. 316, 473 Anderson, J.R. 203 Anderson, R.J. 519 Anthony, K.L. 101 Applebee, K.A. 411 Aramayona, J.J. 343 Arluke, A. 515 Armstrong, D.T. 120 Arnold, C. 35 Arnold, C.E. 273 Assal, A.N. 382 Austic, R.E. 185 Awang, A. 76 Ayling, S.J. 531 Bailey, D.W. 386 Balk, M.W. 523 Bancroft, L.S. 103 Bantin, G.C. 13, 293 Barber, B.R. 285 Barnes, S.R. 61 Barry, M.P. 82 Barta, J.R. 487 Barthold, S.W. 83, 164 Bartholomew, J.L. 10 Barzago, M.M. 343 Baskaran, G. 297 Baskerville, A. 239 Baskerville, M. 325 Baskin, S.I. 10 Batchelor, G.R. 224, 365 Batchelor, G.R. \u Institute of Orthopaedics, Stanmore, Middlesex 169 Baumans, V. 36, 122 Bayne, K. 9, 388, 412, 442 Bayne, K.A.L. 143, 201, 292 Beal, T.S. 336 Beales, P.E. 249 Beamer, J.L. 486 Bean-Knudsen, D. 443 Bean-Knudsen, D.E. 538 Beard, C.W. 210 Beattie, A.W. 46, 159 Beck, M. 135 Becking, G.C. 338 Beilharz, R.G. 526 Beluhan, F.Z. 372 Bennett, B.T. 137, 372, 519 Bennett, C.L. 310 Berckmans, D. 102 Bercovitch, F.B. 395 Berens, K.L. 290 Berger, M.R. 500 Bernal, J.C. 503 Bernard, B.L. 212 Bernard, K.W. 418 Bernstein, I.S. 477 Berry, D.J. 294 Bertens, A.P.M.G. 36 Berzins, R. 96 Besch, E.L. 4, 121, 184 Besch-Williford, C. 371 Bevilacqua, R.A. 331 Beyerstein, B.L. 524 Beynen, A.C. 36, 122 Bhatt, P.N. 140, 164, 275 Bickleman, T.G. 400 Bielitzki, J. 262 Bird, D.M. 199 Bishop, M.J. 502 Black, H.S. 307 Blackmore, D.E. 525 Blackmore, W.M. 483 Blackshaw, J.K. 46, 159, 190 Blackshaw, Judith K. 403 Blom, H.J.M. 122 Bloom, K.R. 175 Bloomsmith, M.A. 337, 447 Blouin, A. 276 Bodamer, M. 466 Bonati, M. 343 Bond, S.J. 140 Boosinger, T.R. 172 Borkowski, G. 155 Bortolotti, A. 343 Boudreaux, M.K. 381 Boutet, M. 276 Bowden, D.M. 85, 262 Bowe, D.A. 493 Bowman, T.A. 145, 301 Box, H.O. 136, 311 Boyle, P. R. 517 Bradfield, J.F. 43 Bradlaw, J.A. 435 Brady, A.G. 257 Brain, P.F. 480 Bramblett, C. 328 Brammer, D.W. 165 Brasky, K. 237 Brent, L. 160 Brewer, N.R. 80 Brigmon, R.L. 4 Britz, W.E. Jr 69 Broderson, J. Roger 361 Brooks, D.L. 65, 443 Brosseau, L.D. 49 Brown, R.H. 238 Bruhin, H. 401 Brusick, D. 435 Bucklin, R.A. 202 Buddingh, F. 162 Budkie, M.A. 440 Bulfield, G. 48, 218 Bursi, J. 90 Burt, D.A. 364 Bustad, L.K. 286 Butler, T. 237 Butler, T.M. 251, 355 Caldwell, F.L. 75 Calland, C.J. 189 Calpin, J.P. 273 Cameron, G.A. 164 Caminiti, Benella 67 Campbell, S. 153, 158 Campbell, S.A. 484 Canadian Council on Animal Care 541 Carey, K.D. 481 Carlson, R.J. 498 Carolan, B. 92 Carroll, T. 482 Carvalho, A. 205 Casebolt, D.B. 154, 392 Cassell, G.H. 352, 392 Cassidy, Barbara A. 309 Castle, J.P. 74 Caviness, G.F. 525 Chalain, T.M.B. de 469 Chamove, A.S. 64, 173, 203 Chapman, J.E. 426 Chapman, L.L. 188 Chapman, M.J. 188 Charron, D. 410 Chengappa, M.M. 212 Chevins, P.F.D. 502 Cho, F. 467 Cioffe, C.J. 458 Cisar, C.F. 151, 533 Clapp, Neal K., 397 Clark, B. 40 Clark, J.D. 273 Clarke, A.S. 277, 444 Clarke, M. R. 507 Clemons, Donna J. 232 Clifford, D.H. 459, 460 Clingerman, K. 510 Clough, G. 18, 243 Cockburn, T. 391 Coe, C.L. 288 Coelho, A.M. Jr 481 Coghlan, L.G. 384 Coiro, M.A. Sr 157 Collins, B.R. 97 Collins, W.E. 372 Compton, S.R. 83 Concannon, P.W. 376 Conti, J. 381 Cook, M. 175 Cooksey, L.M. 63 Coons, D. 14 Cooper, E.C. 123 Cooper, J.E. 5 Corning, B.F. 100, 149, 157, 197 Coutts, R.T. 96 Cowley, D. 41 Crockett, C.M. 85 Crowley, T.J. 269 Croy, B.A. 31 Cummings, J.F. 166 D'Amato, F.R. 113 Dagnaes-Hansen, F. 30 Dahl, J.F. 268 Dahm, Lynn 68 Dalgard, D.W. 95 Damon, E.G. 141 Davey, R.B. 63 Davidson, M.K. 352 Davies, K. 98, 485 Davis, J.A. 118, 414 Davis, R.T. 310 Davis, T.W. 266, 522 Davys, J.S. 56 Dawes, M.L. 525 Dawson, D. 299 Dawson, P. 449 Dawson, W.W. 446 Dawul, P.B. 530 Dayan, A.D. 33 Deeb, B.J. 212 Deeg, H.J. 259 Deeny, A.A. 139 Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Jeff Falkenstein Productions 507 DeLuca, A.M. 181 Demeter, B. 62 Demick, D.S. 162 DeMille, D. 177 Dent, N.J. 222 DeWees, D.L. 23 Dewsbury, D.A. 138 Dexter, S. 388 Dexter, S.L. 201, 292 Diamond, E.J. 407 Dickens, M.S. 435 Dietert, R.R. 185 Dietrich, H.M. 244 DiGiacomo, R.F. 212 Dillehay, D.L. 148, 172 Diluzio, M.E. 428 Dixon, D.M. 496 Doepel, F.M. 307 Dohmae, K. 109 Dolhinow, P. 306 Donelly, H. 494 Donkaewbua, S. 118 Donnelly, H. 156 Donnelly, T.M. 406 Dopson, D.C. \u Brompton Hospital, London 302 Douglas, F. 207 Doyle, R.E. 351 Drewsen, K.H. 170 Drozdowicz, C.K. 142, 145, 267 Dukelow, W.R. 438 Dungan, L. 497 Duzzi, L. 285 Dysko, R.C. 165 Eaton, B.D. 5 Eaton, P. 256 Edgerton, V.R. 89 Eichberg, J.W. 160 Eidson, A.F. 141 Eisele, P.H. 473 Eisele, S. 41 Ekstrom, R. 390 Eley, R.M. 168 Elias, K. 262 Ellender, M. 255 Elliott, P. 439 Ellison, G.T.H. 448 Ellman, G. 444 Else, J.G. 72, 168 Else, James G. 287 Elwell, M.R. 528 Emerson, C.L. 428 Epstein, M.A. 425 ERCI Facilities Service Corp 370 Ermeling, B. L. 231 Erwin, J.M. 32 Espinosa, M.B. 70 Eveleigh, J.R. 131, 348, 349 Everitt, J.I. 363, 522 Fadem, B.H. 437 Fallon, M.T. 266 Fanton, J.W. 38 Farouq, M. 490 Fenn, C. 60 Ferguson, B. 138 Ferguson, F. 155 Ferrandi, M. 285 Ferrari, P. 285 Festing, M. 383 Festing, M.F.W. 20, 139, 215 Fincham, J.E. 461 Fine, J. 28 Finlay, T.W. 447 Finney, Martha 309 Fish, R. E. 231 Fitzgerald, R.W. 464 Flato, A. 375 Flecknell, P.A. 320, 505 Flint, O. 435 Ford, G.R. 242 Ford, J. 53 Fordham, J.P. 501 Fortman, J.D. 519 Fosse, R.T. 7 Fouts, D.H. 466 Fouts, R.S. 466 Fox, J.G. 93, 172, 241, 429, 436, 516 Fox, J.L. 87 Fox, M. 324 Francis, L. 239 Frazier, J.M. 435 French, J.A. 405 Fritz, J. 146 Frogley, J. 92 Fukutsu, K. 513 Fukuyama, N. 193 Gabert, H.F. 524 Galef, B.G. Jr 135 Gallagher, P. 37 Gamble, M.R. 332 Ganaway, J.R. 132 Garcia, F.G. 267 Gardin, J.F. 323 Gardner, A. 240 Gardner, P.S. 423 Garibaldi, B.A. 516 Garzon, F.T. 500 Gaulin, S.J.C. 464 Gawley, D.J. 29 Gayek, R.J. 89 Geistfeld, J.G. 512 Gettings, S.D. 130, 435 Gibson, S.V. 132, 371 Gigliotti, F. 116 Gilbert, S.G. 180 Giles, A.R. 49 Gilmartin, J.E. 188 Giulietti, M. 431 Glennon, P.J. 391 Glodek, P. 58 Goebel, A. 269 Goedseels, V. 102 Goldberg, A.M. 435 Golden, J.G. 38 Golemboski, K.A. 185 Goo, G.P. 394 Goodfellow, K.G. 78 Goodwin, W.J. 355, 503 Goosen, C. 126 Grady, A.W. 300 Graves, R.G. 16 Gray, B.M. 266 Greeley, E.H. 350 Green, K. 459 Green, K.A. 460 Greenhouse, D.D. 28, 128 Greenstein, G. 267 Greenwood, M.R.C. 539 Greenwood, P. 49 Greenwood, R. 49 Greer, I.E. 300 Griffin, H.E. 150, 484 Gruber, F. 463 Habeeb, P. 274 Haesemeyer, J. 14 Hahn, F.F. 141 Hahn, J. 367 Haines, R.J. 503 Hall-Craggs, M. 346 Halsey, M.J. 331 Hamlen, H.J. 221 Hamm, Thomas E. 450 Hammer, J.G. 167, 527 Hammond, J. 210 Hammond, K. 225 Hampson, J.E. 359 Hanichen, T. 488 Hankes, G. 381 Hanninen, O.O. 354 Hansen, C.T. 128, 312 Hansen, G. 468 Hardesty, J. 88 Hardy, R.J. 95 Hardy, S. 92 Hare, C.L. 498 Haring, D.M. 314, 416 Harkness, J.E. 421 Harle, S. 240 Harms, R.H. 202 Harris, D.L. 451 Harris, Duncan 534 Harris, H.J. 207 Harvey, R.C. 38 Harwell, James F. 422 Havenaar, R. 36 Hayden, C.C. 253 Hazelton, J. 407 Heath, M. 179, 250, 511 Heath, S.J. 44 Heberling, R.L. 532 Hedrich, Hans J. 219 Hedricks, C. 504 Heflin, H. 453 Helmick, C.G. 418 Henderson, F. 424 Herbert, J. 471 Herck, H. van 408 Herring, J.M. 519 Herrman, A.D. 493 Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 233 Hesp, A.P.M. 36, 408 Hessler, J.R. 15 Hetherington, C.M. 345 Hetts, S. 273 Higgins, B. 351 Hill, E.E. 292 Hill, M. 344 Hill, R.N. 435 Hilliard, J.K. 115, 275, 355 Hinson, A. 90 Hioki, K. 492 Hird, D.W. 115 Hirsjarvi, P.A. 334 Hitchcock, C.L. 135 Hiyaoka, A. 467 Hobbs, B.A. 101 Hobbs, C.H. 141 Hobbs, K.R. 106, 465 Hodara, V.L. 70 Hodgson, J.A. 89 Hoffman, R.A. 274 Hojny, J. 127 Holden, C. 21, 47, 206 Holdsworth, G. 434 Holland, C.J. 428 Hollifield, V. 312 Holmes, D.D. 208 Holmgren, B. 489 Honjo, S. 467 Hoof, J.A.P. van 84 Hoogendoorn, H. 49 Hoogervorst, M.J.C. 122 Hoover-Plow, J. 439 Horlock, H. 37 Horstman, V.G. 486 Howard, B.R. 60 Howell, S.M. 146 Howland, D.R. 527 Hoyt, R.F. Jr 62 Hradecky, J. 127 Hruban, V. 127 Huang, M.T.F. 216 Hubrecht, R.C. 311 Huerkamp, M.J. 148, 291 Hughes, H.C. 153, 158, 484 Hughes, K.W. 137 Huls, W. 65 Huls, W.L. 443 Hunskaar, S. 7 Hurst, J.K. 201, 292 Hurwitz, S. 198 Hynard-Naylor, V. 98 Iale, E. 431 Ibu, J.O. 366 Inouye, S. 195, 373 International Council for Laboratory Animal Science 219 International Primatological Society, Captive Care Committee, Institute of Primate Research (Kenya) 287 Isaksson, S. 317 Ito, K. 110 Ito, M. 51 Iwai, H. 270 Izard, M.K. 321, 416 Jaax, G.P. 10 Jacobs, R.D. 202 Jacoby, R.O. 271, 275 Jaeger, B. 535 Jaeger, R.G. 247 Jahrling, P.B. 95 James Cook University of North Queensland. Experimentation Ethics Review Committee 227 Jayo, M.J. 323 Jerome, C.P. 323 Joehl, R.J. 358 Johnson, D.E. 346 Johnson, E.A. 271 Johnson, T. 124 Joiner, G.N. 213 Joint AAMC-AAU Ad Hoc Committee on the Governance and Management of Institutional Animal Resources, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of American Universities 427 Jones, P. 240 Joshima, H. 513 Kalter, S.S. 532 Kamimura, H. 195, 373 Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine 342 Kaplan, J.E. 228 Kaplan, J.R. 378 Kaplan, M.L. 521 Karatay, M.C. 498 Karenlampi, S. 119 Kasai, N. 520 Kaspareit-Rittinghausen, J. 490 Kato, H. 492 Kaufman, R. 457 Kava, R. 539 Kawamata, J. 109 Keeley, A. 475 Keeling, M. 344 Keller, L.S.F. 196 Kennedy, B.W. 336 Kenney, C. 153 Kessler, M.J. 395 Keymer, I.F. 71 Kimura, M. 373 King, F.A. 86, 326 King, J.E. 214 King, N.E. 57 Kingma, I. 276 Kirk, K. 17 Kirkwood, J.K. 425 Kitada, K. 495 Kleinow, Kevin M. 77 Klinge, B. 317 Klir, P. 298, 462 Klokager, F. 340 Knauff, D.R. 24, 226 Knitter, G.H. 8 Koshimizu, K. 51 Kovacs, P.R. 120 Krackow, S. 463 Kranda, K.C. 181 Kraus, D.B. 437 Krugner, L. 390 Kruijt, B.C. 187 Krulisch, Lee 77 Kumazawa, A. 110 Kuntz, M.J. 117 Kunz, H.W. 120 Kupp, R.P. Jr 150 Kurata, T. 109 Kurihara, K. 110 Kuzon, W.M. Jr 470 La Regina, M.C. 387 La Torre, R. 431 Laber-Laird, K. 497 Laboratory Animal Management Association 304, 305 Ladewig, J. 472 Ladiges, W.C. 259 Lai, W.C. 147 Lambeth, S.P. 337 Lampeter, E.F. 249 Landi, M.S. 484 Lang, C.M. 142, 145, 196, 301, 523 Lareau-Alves, M. 409 Larkin, K.T. 378 Lauretz, S.D. 89 Lawrence, J.M. 221 Lawrence, W. 155 Leamon, C. 65 Leary, S.L. 154 Lebetkin, E.H. 525 Lee, D.R. 160, 384 Lee, H.W. 109 Lee, S. 381 Leedy, M. 3 Lees, V.W. 114 Lehman, S.M. 379 Lehner, N.D.M. 148 Lerche, N.W. 115 Lessnau, R.G. 379 Levin, J.L. 355 Lewin, L. 468 Lewis, L.L. 267 Lewis, S.M. 99 Libretto, S.E. 179 Liebenberg, Stanley P. 68 Lighty, G.W. Jr 498 Lin, P.J. 470 Lindsay, J.R. 352 Lindsey, J.R. 27, 266, 392 Line, A.S. 473 Line, S. 178, 399 Line, S.W. 152, 161, 194, 272, 444 Lipman, N.S. 93, 100, 149, 157, 197, 335, 429 Lipnick, R.L. 435 Lipper, S.L. 355 Little, L.A. 540 Liu, J.J. 350 Lloyd, Maggie 235 Lobao, B.J. 521 Lockatell, C.V. 346 Lofgreen, P.E. Jr 105 London 5 Looy, H. van 339 Losco, P.E. 111 Love, J.A. 223, 225 Loveridge, G. 413 Lu, Y.S. 147 Lucas, G.A. 29 Luff, N.P. 331 Lukas, V. 410 Luke, D.R. 290 Lukey, C. 114 Macedonia, J.M. 314 Machii, K. 270 Maclean, C.J. 331 Mader, D.R. 316 Maerki, U. 104 Mallon, F.M. 484 Management Information Service 309 Mangkoewidjojo, Soesanto 79 Mansfield, K.J. 249 Manuck, S.B. 378 Maple, T.L. 447 Markowitz, H. 152, 178, 194, 272, 393, 399, 444 Marshall, P.E. 74, 411 Martelossi, P. 333 Martinic, G. 205 Maruo, K. 492 Mason, R.T. 62 Mason, W.A. 277 Mateo, J.M. 273 Matherne, C. 344 Matsumoto, T. 513 Matsushita, S. 513 Matthews, D.A. 315 McAnulty, P. 53 McCauley, P. 434 McClintock, M.K. 504 McConnell, P.B. 52 McConomy, M. 356 McCully, C. 143 McEwen, G.N. Jr 130 McFarland, A.R. 213 McGregor, P.K. 531 McKay, Donald G. 541 McKee, N.H. 470 McLaughlin, R.M. 43, 300, 371 McLaughlin, S. 508 McNab, A.M. 411 Mello, D.A. 55 Mench, J.A. 174 Menkveld, R. 461 Merani, M.S. 70 Mercier, O. 330 Merhalski, J.J. 447 Mew, J.A. 5 Meyerson, B.J. 191 Michaelis, O.E. 128 Milite, G. 333 Millar, J.S. 144 Miller, B. 167 Miller, J.G. 151, 533 Miller, L. 39, 369, 506 Milligan, S.R. 183 Mitchell, G. 57 Miyamoto, H. 109 Miyazawa, H. 195, 373 Miyoshi, I. 520 Moberg, G.P. 277 Molzen, E.M. 405 Moody, K.D. 301 Moore, P.B. 458 Moore, R.T. 239 Morck, Douglas W. 322 Morgan, J.P. 473 Morgan, K.N. 152, 161, 194, 272 Morgan, Ronald L. 81 Morgenstern, S. 275 Morris, K.D. 445 Morton, D.B. 6, 313 Morton, W.R. 8 Moseley, J.R. 414 Moyer, J.L. 99 Moynier, B. 439 Muller, G. 357 Munda, M. 420 Muraguchi, T. 495 Murray, L.W. 499 Murthy, K.K. 237 Musto, D.R.T. 516 Nabrotzky, Viola C. A. 322 Nakayama, M. 110 Namioka, S. 520 Natarajan, V. 324 Naylor, V.H. 485 Nazareno, J.B. 106 Neal, S.B. 189 Needham, J.R. 332 Neel, M.A. 540 Neil, David H. 541 Nesbitt, T. 269 New England Regional Primate Research Center 176 Newcomer, C.E. 429 Newton, C.M. 325 Nicholls, S. 449 Nicklas, W. 278 NIH Office of Animal Care and Use 353 Nikkels, R.J. 204 Nilsson, R. 535 Nomura, T. 492 Norwood, V.R. 214 Novak, M.A. 170, 417, 479 O'Byrne, K.T. 445 O'Neill, P. 125, 171, 452 Obara, T. 193 Ocholi, R.A. 366 Odeyemi, P.S. 530 Ohlsson-Wilhelm, B.M. 142 Okewole, P.A. 530 Olovson, S.G. 134 Olson, G.A. 90 Olson, L.C. 377 Olson, Merle E. 322 Omarini, D. 343 Orr, R. 114 Oskar, P.A. 165 Otsuka, Y. 270 Oyetunde, I.L. 530 Pablo, L. 381 Pace, M. 431 Pakes, S.P. 147 Panepinto, L.M. 303 Pannell, L.K. 62 Panneton, W.M. 351 Pape, D. 265 Parenti, P. 285 Parham, G.L. 418 Parker, J. 65 Parks, J.E. 376 Parnham, D.W. 163 Patella, A. 431 Paturzo, F.X. 140, 271 Paul, K.S. 172 Pazdera, J. 127 Pearce, P.C. 331 Pearson, S.L. 95 Pelkonen, K. 119 Pence, B.C. 162 Peng, X. 142 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 50 Peper, R. 155 Percy, D.H. 140, 487 Pereira, M.E. 314, 398, 491 Perloe, S.I. 108 Perraud, J. 330 Perry, F.W. 75 Peters, A. 383 Peters, A.G. 139, 385, 529 Peters, C.J. 95 Peters, P.W.J. 53 Peterson, R.G. 539, 540 Petrie, B.F. 524 Petto, A.J. 409 Pieper, R.D. 499 Pierotti, D.J. 89 Pinto, C.A. 150 Plant, M. 364 Podberscek, A.L. 46, 159 Pomsdhit, J. 528 Poole, T.B. 45 Poole, Trevor B. 518 Pouch, W. 496 Pozzilli, P. 249 Pribylova, M. 462 Prove, E. 380 Pryor, W.H. Jr 377 Psencik, B. 384 Pucak, G. 482 Pucak, G.J. 95 Pucak, George 422 Purhoit, R. 381 Purton, P. 5 Quander, R.V. 95 Quezada, A. 454 Quimby, F.W. 28, 188 Quintans, C. 70 Raff, R.F. 259 Raisbeck, M.F. 371 Ralston, P. 428 Rao, G.N. 27 Rasmussen, K.L.R. 258 Ratcliffe, B. 501 Ratnamohan, N. 318 Raymond, R.T. 239 Redfern, R. 537 Rehg, J.E. 116 Rehm, S. 34 Reinhard, G.R. 458 Reinhard, M.K. 266 Reinhardt, A. 419 Reinhardt, V. 41, 182, 198, 265, 419, 476, 514 Reinhart, V. 200 Renskers, K.J. 435 Resuello, R.G. 106 Revis, N.W. 434 Riboni, L. 489 Richard, B.C. 162 Richards, T. 37 Richmond, J.Y. 236 Ricker, R.B. 61 Ricketts, T. 356 Ridley, M. 362 Robbins, D.O. 3 Robbins, L. \u National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot 255 Roberts, J. 316 Roberts, J.A. 115 Roberts, K. 329 Roberts, P.J. 376 Roberts, S.C. 478 Robinson, Ruth, 518 Rogers, D.W. 75 Rohrhuber, B. 136 Rolhall, T.G. 101 Romeo, J.P. 351 Rose, E.F. 112 Rose, R. 93 Rosenblatt, J.D. 470 Roser, B. 471 Ross, J.A.S. 331 Ross, P.W. 363, 522 Rossbach, W. 104 Rouda, R.R. 499 Rouleau, A.M.J. 120 Rowan, A.N. 432 Rowe, F.P. 537 Roy, R.R. 89 Royal Society (Great Britain),Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 230 Rubin, L.F. 150 Rumbaugh, D.M. 368 Russell, K. 409 Russell, R.G. 390 Russell, R.J. 139 Ruys, T. 289 Ruys, Theodorus, 234 Ryden, E.B. 93 Sachser, N. 380 Saifuddin, M. 197 Sainsbury, A.W. 5 Saito, M. 492 Sakaguchi, M. 195, 373 Sakakibara, A. 430 Salardi, S. 285 Sales, G.D. 183 Salzen, E.A. 91 Samuel, I. 358 Sanders, P.D. 13 Sauber, J.J. 38 Sauvageau, G. 124 Savage, A. 52, 415 Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S. 368 Sawyer, B.A. 525 Schaarschmidt, K. 357 Schachtman, T.R. 43 Schaeffer, Dorcas O. 77 Scharmann, W. 66, 263 Scheffler, J. 41 Scheid, R. 488 Scher, S. 474 Schlag, P. 500 Schlingmann, F. 341 Schmahl, D. 500 Schmidt, Peter 220 Schmidt, R.H. 536 Schmitt, K. 8 Schmorrow, D.D. 264 Schneider, S. 500 Schoeb, T.R. 352 Schofield, J.C. 137, 404 Schofield, L.D. 372 Schultz, T.W. 299 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.), School of Veterinary Medicine 77 Scott, O.C.A. 386 Scullion, F.T. 254 Sebesteny, A. 333 Secord, D.C. 96 Sedlacek, R.S. 112 Segal, Evalyn F. 245 Seier, J.V. 461 Semple, H.A. 96 Semple-Rowland, S.L. 446 Serikawa, T. 495 Severance C.W. 493 Shadduck, J.A. 350 Shiga, J. 51 Shimamura, K. 492 Shroeder, E.C. 299 Shull, C.L. 248 Sibbons, P. 92 Sigg, H. 374 Silbernagel, S.M. 212 Silverman, J. 23, 252 Simack, P.A. 164 Simmonds, R.C. 151, 533 Simons, E.L. 314, 321, 416 Skarpa, M. 423 Skoglund, E. 433 Sloan, D.R. 202 Smith, A.C. 497 Smith, A.L. 83 Smith, John B., 79 Smith, L.C. 163 Smith, M.W. 293 Smith, P.M. 8 Snider, M.T. 196 Snowdon, C.T. 52, 415 Soave, O. 260 Sobotka, T.J. 238 Solleveld, H.A. 53 Solomon, H.F. 496 Southers, Jan 360 Spano, J. 381 Spear, R.S. 498 Spencer, A.J. 133 Spencer, K.E.V. 183 Spilman, S.C. 165 Spinelli, J.S. 393 Sprenkel, T.L. 101 St. Louis, MO 387 Stadler, J. 330 Stanek, R. 127 Stanton, J. 423 Stark, D.M. 391, 458 Stearns, G. 3 Steffen, E.K. 43 Stein, S. 2 Stevenson, M.F. 73 Stewart, T.S. 451 Stiglmair-Herb, M.T. 488 Stokes, D.C. 116 Storb, R. 259 Stott, E. 250 Strange, G.M. 292 Stratmann, U. 357 Stribrny, K. 472 Strong, S. 152, 194, 272 Suh, J.G. 54 Suit, H.D. 112 Suleman, M.A. 129, 168 Suomi, S. 388 Suomi, S.J. 417, 479 Susor, T.G. 8, 262 Sutherland, S.D. 423 Suzuki, S. 492 Svoboda, T. 462 Swindle, M.M. 497 Sydney, Australia 205 Taff, M.A. 306 Takahaski, M. 109 Tam, Y.K. 96 Tamborini, P. 374 Tarara, R. 168 Tasheva, M. 535 Taylor, N.S. 93 Tennant, B.C. 376 Tenney, J.B. 75 Terao, K. 467 Terlecki, A.J. 425 Terril, Lizabeth A. 232 Tesh, J. 53 Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center 25 Tezak-Reid, T.M. 10 Thigpen, J.E. 525 Thomas, G. 344 Thomas, J.M. 377 Thomson, J. 65 Thornbury, J. 92 Threadgill, D.A.L. 144 Timberlake, W. 29, 211 Tingpalapong, M. 528 Tinlin, S.J. 49 Tolbert, D. 387 Tomita, T. 54, 430 Toms, M.P. 524 Torielli, L. 285 Toriumi, Y. 358 Torronen, R. 119 Toth, L. 90 Tressel, W.R. 524 Trippodo, N.C. 324 Troup, C.M. 111 Tsai, C.C. 390, 428 Tufts, N.R. 260 Turillazzi, P. 431 Twomey, S. 65 Uberseder, B. 378 Uche, E.M.I. 530 Ueda, K. 270 Ueda, T. 193 Ueng, T.H. 151 Ulrich, R.E. 264 Underwood, S.J. 425 Undeutsch, L. 154 United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 22 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture 209 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture 22 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 517, 518, 534 University of California, Davis, Visual Media, University of California, Davis, Office of Pesticide Information and Coordination 455 University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources 422 University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) 231, 232, 361 University of Washington, Northwest Committee for Training in Laboratory Animal Care, University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources 68 University of Washington, Primate Information Center 67 Urba-Holmgren, R. 489 Vadiei, K. 290 Valerio, D.A. 482 Valiaho, T.U. 334 Van Oorschot, R.A.H. 217 VandeBerg, J.L. 217 Vega-SaenzdeMiera, E.C. 489 Venter, F.S. 461 Versluis, A. 408 Vogel, A.P. 10 Vogler, G.A. 351 Vorstenbosch, C.J.A.H.V. van 122 Vranken, E. 102 Waalkes, M.P. 34 Waggie, K.S. 132, 312 Wagner, J.E. 118, 132, 371, 538 Wagner, Joseph E. 232 Wagner-Mann, C. 381 Wakabayashi, T. 110 Wakasugi, N. 430 Wallace, M.E. 347 Waller, T. 186 Walsh-Mullen, A. 406 Walther, A. 104 Ward, G.E. 177 Ward, G.S. 528 Ward, J.M. 34 Warren, J.W. 346 Washburn, D. 368 Washburne, D.L. 211 Watson, B.J. 351 Watson, D.S.B. 59 Watson, L. 409 Watson, Lyna M. 176 Weaver, D.S. 323 Webb, A.J. 12 Webb, M.L. 145 Weichbrod, R.H. 151, 533 Weichbrod, Robert H. 26 Weigler, B.J. 115 Weihe, W.H. 246 Weir, E.C. 164, 271, 275 Weiss, D. 384 Wellner, E.F. 62 Welshman, M.D. 106, 319 Wemelsfelder, F. 11 Wesonga, H.O. 420 West, D.B. 539 Westlin-Van Aarde, L.M. 448 Whary, M. 155 White, R.G. 118 White, W.J. 196, 523 Whitefield, D. 469 Whittaker, D. 261 Whittemore, A. 210 Wiebe, R.H. 407 Wightman, S.R. 189 Wilcockson, D.P. 358 Williams, A.J.K. 249 Williams, H.L. 348 Williams, L.E. 61, 257 Williams-Blangero, S. 217, 237, 441 Wills, J.E. 356 Wilson, K.J. 183 Wilson, M.S. 402 Winkler, W.G. 418 Witz, R.L. 124 Wolfensohn, Sarah 235 Wolff, D. 66 Wood, M. 325 Woods, L. 387 Wootton, R. 19, 424, 505 Wrenshall, E. 180 Wright, P.C. 416 Wright, Phyllis 309 Wu, D. 213 Wu-Owens, J. 312 Wullenweber, M. 490 Yamada, J. 495 Yamamoto, K. 51 Yamanishi, K. 109 Yamanouchi, T. 109 Yamashita, T. 520 Yamauchi, C. 193 Yamazaki, A. 54 Yamazaki, K. 110, 430 Yamazaki, S. 195, 373 Yamini, B. 2 Yap, K.L. 76 Yarbrough, C.J. 326 Yates-Siilata, K. 387 Yokel, Uri 296 Zack, P.M. 95 Zafiriou, N. 205 Zaoutis, T.E. 458 Zimmer, J.P. 99 Zutphen, L.F.M. van 36, 122, 408 Zwart, P. 408 Zweifel, D. 265 Zwick, H. 3 
**Go to:**Author Index |  Subject Index |  Top of Document

Subject Index Abnormal behavior 126, 161, 388, 412 Abortion 2 Acclimatization 141 Accounting 505 Accreditation 293, 295 Acid base equilibrium 343 Acquisition 104 Activity 64, 125, 469 Adaptation 121 Adrenal cortex hormones 277 Adrenal glands 4, 64 Adverse effects 325 Age 98, 350, 519, 527 Age determination 519 Age differences 115, 257, 447 Aggressive behavior 476, 531 Aging 110, 310 Air 195 Air filters 195, 340 Air flow 149, 193 Air microbiology 193 Air pollution 373 Air quality 149 Air transport 147 Albumins 195 Allergens 195, 373 Allergies 7, 193, 373 Americium 255 Amimal welfare 287 Ammonia 100, 157, 193 Amphibians 233 Amphibians as laboratory animals 77, 233 Amputation 137 Analgesics 320 Anastomosis 92 Anemia 473 Anesthesia 101, 302, 329, 343, 426 Anesthetics 97, 320, 345 Anestrus 463 Animal anatomy 283 Animal behavior 11, 42, 44, 45, 46, 64, 91, 98, 126, 136, 143, 160, 161, 169, 173, 174, 175, 177, 181, 191, 201, 203, 223, 224, 225, 238, 269, 272, 273, 277, 306, 326, 341, 380, 400, 405, 412, 491 Animal breeding 12, 20, 48, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 70, 73, 87, 91, 106, 128, 134, 138, 164, 186, 187, 188, 215, 218, 244, 254, 259, 275, 283, 293, 298, 299, 301, 326, 345, 382, 385, 386, 394, 406, 425, 426, 436, 439, 441, 467, 482, 492, 494, 529, 538, 539, 540 Animal breeding methods 52, 55, 189, 321, 494 Animal burrows 274 Animal diseases 261, 448 Animal experimentation 25, 26, 50, 230, 235, 361 Animal experiments 23, 24, 33, 44, 104, 178, 183, 190, 206, 223, 226, 229, 236, 246, 283, 286, 294, 298, 308, 341, 351, 373, 401, 418, 424, 433, 440, 441, 442, 453, 457, 471, 479, 485, 497, 515 Animal feeding 76, 91, 254, 402, 405, 475 Animal health 196, 229, 252, 264, 280, 284, 286, 319, 328, 351, 366, 468 Animal housing 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 28, 36, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 61, 76, 85, 91, 98, 102, 103, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 136, 146, 153, 158, 171, 174, 175, 183, 184, 191, 193, 205, 214, 226, 230, 239, 241, 243, 246, 247, 248, 254, 256, 258, 268, 269, 273, 274, 279, 280, 281, 284, 286, 288, 289, 301, 310, 311, 314, 319, 327, 328, 329, 332, 340, 341, 356, 359, 368, 373, 377, 378, 380, 388, 389, 398, 405, 412, 413, 417, 426, 432, 433, 447, 449, 452, 456, 459, 472, 475, 477, 479, 480, 482, 485, 491, 502, 505, 510, 522, 524 Animal husbandry 19, 36, 51, 55, 66, 70, 71, 87, 106, 129, 152, 167, 205, 241, 247, 248, 254, 255, 264, 278, 280, 283, 284, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 315, 319, 327, 334, 345, 351, 367, 382, 392, 402, 413, 421, 449, 459, 482, 497, 505, 529, 537 Animal models 89, 92, 110, 302, 346, 358, 435, 497, 539, 540 Animal nutrition 28, 134, 247, 286, 301, 303 Animal production 20 Animal proteins 54 Animal research 24, 167, 269, 314, 399, 460 Animal rights activists 209 Animal testing alternatives 33, 130, 190, 338, 339 Animal welfare 5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 32, 42, 45, 47, 50, 53, 64, 67, 68, 69, 75, 78, 79, 81, 85, 94, 107, 121, 152, 153, 158, 160, 161, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 178, 179, 182, 183, 190, 192, 194, 201, 206, 218, 223, 227, 229, 230, 235, 243, 245, 248, 250, 251, 254, 262, 263, 264, 272, 273, 286, 288, 303, 307, 308, 309, 313, 320, 322, 328, 347, 353, 354, 358, 359, 360, 363, 364, 389, 398, 401, 403, 409, 411, 412, 413, 415, 416, 417, 419, 422, 432, 442, 443, 450, 456, 457, 466, 479, 481, 482, 483, 484, 502, 507, 515, 523, 531, 534, 536 Animals 309, 509, 510 Animals and civilization 309 Animals, Treatment of 50 Ankylosis 27 Anoplura 316 Antibiotics 97 Antibody formation 185 Antibody titer 109, 270, 525 Antiserum 356 Architecture 296 Arteries 500 Artificial insemination 199, 438 Artificial ventilation 202 Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase 119 Ascorbic acid 473 Aseptic state 404 Aspergillus fumigatus 34 Aspiculuris 325 Assays 185 Assessment 535 Ataxia 489 Atherosclerosis 37 Attachment behavior 511 Australia 382, 426 Authority 104 Autoimmune diseases 244 Automation 39, 499 Aviary birds 71 Baboons 168, 355, 503 Bacillus 513 Bacillus piliformis 132 Bacillus subtilis 332 Bacteria 193, 392, 468 Bacterial diseases 346, 366 Bacterial toxins 93 Barrier husbandry 429 Barriers 256, 538 Battery cages 192 Behavior 135 Behavior change 126, 161 Benzopyrene 151 Bibliographies 248, 294, 509, 510 Bibliography 67, 67 Biliary calculi 36 Biochemistry 48 Biographies 80 Biological competition 113 Biology 71 Bladder 346 Blood 343, 431, 507 Blood chemistry 237 Blood groups 467 Blood plasma 4, 142, 145, 380, 502 Blood pressure 331 Blood sampling 41 Blood serum 527 Blood specimen collection 445, 472, 498 Blood sugar 257 Boars 58 Body temperature 4, 101 Body weight 98 Bone diseases 473 Boophilus annulatus 63 Boredom 11 Bottles 177 Boxes 1, 280, 281 Brain 420 Brazil 55 Breed differences 365 Breeders' associations 293 Breeding 51, 79, 401 Breeding efficiency 127, 365, 430 Breeding methods 20, 144, 437, 512 Breeding programs 37, 49, 53, 58, 72, 86, 285, 451, 465, 526 Breeding season 362, 407, 504 Breeds 365 Building materials 61 Bulls 242 Buyers' guides 1 Caesarean section 275 Cage density 142, 153, 348, 349, 383 Cage rearing 53, 168, 393 Cage size 13, 61, 85, 108, 143, 152, 153, 173, 194, 203, 272, 402, 464, 466, 523 Cages 1, 3, 5, 8, 27, 32, 35, 41, 45, 46, 47, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 82, 91, 100, 112, 126, 131, 148, 149, 151, 157, 159, 160, 169, 170, 173, 175, 177, 179, 180, 196, 197, 206, 208, 213, 214, 238, 241, 243, 262, 263, 264, 265, 273, 277, 280, 281, 284, 294, 306, 327, 329, 330, 331, 334, 335, 340, 341, 345, 347, 363, 364, 368, 371, 374, 399, 400, 411, 415, 416, 417, 419, 421, 429, 443, 446, 452, 469, 470, 475, 481, 483, 491, 498, 501, 511, 516, 521, 522, 525, 531, 537, 538 California 115, 473, 536 Callithricidae 52, 73, 136, 254, 405, 415, 425 Callithrix jacchus 176, 179 Calomys 70 Campylobacter 172, 390 Canada 508 Canaries 71 Canine parvovirus 188 Cannibalism 211 Cannulae 357 Cannulation 357, 500 Capture of animals 80, 170, 258, 314, 329, 368, 405, 415, 416, 452 Carbon 186 Carbon dioxide 100, 157 Carcinoma 51 Care and treatment 79 Careproviders 306, 509, 510 Case reports 95, 420, 473, 516 Cat 134, 252, 283 Catheters 346, 472, 481 Cats 89, 391, 413, 527 Cats as laboratory animals 81 Cattle 472, 499 Cattle feeding 499 Caudata 247 Cebidae 416 Cecum 93, 172 Cedrus 151 Cell culture 119 Cell physiology 147, 492 Cells 387 Censuses 14 Cephalopoda 517 Cercopithecidae 72, 306, 452, 461, 467 Cerebellar ataxia 387 Cerebellum 387, 420 Chicken housing 244 Chickens 48, 185, 199, 210 Chicks 278 Chimeras 520 Chimpanzee 86, 87, 160, 368, 389, 456, 466 Chimpanzees 146, 237, 337, 369, 447 Chinese hamster 189 Chlorpyrifos 162 Cholinesterase 154, 520 Classification 28 Cleaning 256 Climate 102 Climate control 268 Clostridium difficile 93 Clostridium tetani 503 Clustering 523 Coat 520 Coccidiosis 366 Colitis 397 Colon 172, 500 Colon (Anatomy) 397 Colonies 165, 267 Color 520 Colostomy 75 Committees 24 Computer applications 14, 105, 367, 374, 424, 524 Computer hardware 88 Computer software 23, 60, 88, 104, 105, 114, 505 Computer techniques 104, 506 Computers 19, 102 Conception 463 Congresses 42, 42, 42 Contamination 371, 462, 538 Control 309 Controlled release 162 Convulsions 110 Copulation 138 Cornea 111 Coronavirus 83, 271 Corticosterone 4, 142, 145, 147, 502 Cortisol 484 Cost analysis 289 Costs 47, 223, 494 Cottonseed protein 499 Crates 192 Creatine kinase 54 Criminal procedure 22 Crosses 163, 430 Crossing 12 Cryptosporidium 116 Culling 377 Cysticercus 118 Cysts 118 Cytotoxicity 119 Czechoslovakia 298 Dairy farms 493 Damage 446 Data analysis 311 Data collection 19, 440 Decision making 535 Decontamination 120, 256 Degeneration 150 Deprivation 485 Dermatitis 496, 516 Design 3, 61, 62, 63, 66, 82, 96, 124, 131, 168, 203, 262, 268, 334, 340, 356, 368, 411, 413 Detection 148 Detectors 374 Developmental stages 437 Diabetes 372 Diabetes mellitus 90, 539, 540 Diagnosis 133, 261, 473 Diarrhea 76, 93, 221 Dichlorvos 154 Diet 5, 434 Diets 1, 36, 37, 134, 135, 306, 311, 314, 345, 368, 416, 475 Dimensions 519 Directories 1, 295 Discrimination 238 Disease control 71, 109, 118, 164, 165, 186, 188, 377, 402, 418 Disease course 271 Disease models 51, 54, 76, 244, 326, 387, 498 Disease prevalence 115, 391, 495 Disease prevention 148, 228, 254, 327, 332, 421, 468 Disease resistance 140, 185 Disease surveys 495, 532 Disease transmission 118, 140, 228, 270, 271, 275, 350, 513 Disinfectants 434 Disinfection 256, 455 Disinfection and disinfectants 455 Displays 533 Diurnal activity 523 Dna fingerprinting 139 Dogs 47, 49, 69, 75, 153, 158, 184, 188, 252, 259, 273, 482, 484 Dogs as laboratory animals 81 Domestic animals 209, 526 Domestication 51 Drinkers 336 Drinking behavior 499 Drinking water 336, 402, 434 Drug combinations 101 Drug delivery systems 99, 276 Drug therapy 90, 500 Drugs 424 Ducks 199 Dust 193 Ebola virus 95 Echocardiography 498 Ecology 68 Ectoparasitoses 63, 316 Education 167, 354 Eimeria 366 Elapidae 449 Electric field 486 Electrical equipment 470 Electricity 470, 493 Electrocardiograms 331 Electrocardiography 10 Electroejaculation 461 Electroencephalograms 331 Elemental diets 357 Elisa 458 Embryo transfer 120 Embryos 120, 527 Embryos (animal) 30 Employment 166, 167 Encephalitis 429 Encephalitozoon cuniculi 186, 267, 350, 420 Endangered species 73, 86, 254, 425, 456 Endoplasmic reticulum 488 Energy conservation 493 England 359 Enrichment 9, 65, 85, 152, 161, 169, 173, 174, 177, 179, 181, 182, 194, 201, 224, 337, 364, 379, 395, 398, 400, 413, 443, 444, 447, 476 Enterocolitis 172 Enterotoxins 92 Entopolypoides 428 Environment 9, 85, 125, 152, 160, 161, 170, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 191, 194, 200, 201, 203, 206, 214, 224, 241, 280, 314, 345, 363, 373, 379, 395, 398, 399, 413, 415, 416, 444, 447, 452, 483, 511, 525 Environmental control 18, 124, 268 Environmental factors 32, 121, 173, 275, 412, 432 Environmental temperature 100, 475 Enzyme activity 54, 151 Epilepsy 489 Epizootiology 275, 355 Equipment 1, 175, 204, 208, 340, 368, 445, 471, 501 Erythrocytes 520 Escherichia coli 172, 366 Estradiol 407 Estrous cycle 57, 438 Estrus 330, 463, 504 Ethics 190, 191, 401, 433 Etiology 82 Europe 307, 341 European communities 222, 341 Euthanasia 284, 426 Evaluation 130, 338 Evaluation criteria 166 Evaporative cooling 202 Exercise 47, 91, 153, 180, 466, 483, 484 Experiments 346 Exploration 174 Exports 465 Eye diseases 111 Eyes (animal) 150 Facilities 14, 21, 33, 44, 47, 49, 80, 105, 106, 107, 109, 116, 125, 126, 132, 133, 150, 166, 167, 178, 199, 204, 228, 252, 253, 260, 268, 269, 278, 279, 282, 289, 295, 297, 308, 313, 314, 332, 354, 368, 372, 389, 396, 404, 418, 426, 445, 460, 465, 466, 471, 483, 486, 533 Falco 199 Fearfulness 159 Feathers 210 Feces 507 Feces collection 357 Feed dispensers 175, 280 Feed formulation 76 Feeding 135 Feeding behavior 29, 211, 412, 478 Feeds 119 Feline immunodeficiency virus 391 Feline oncovirus 391 Female animals 430 Female fertility 430 Fenbendazole 384 Ferrets 66, 116, 241, 301, 436 Ferrets as laboratory animals 81 Fertilization 438 Fetal death 2, 430 Fetal development 519 Fetus 86 Field experimentation 212 File management 103, 208 Fines (Penalties) 209 Finland 354 Fish as laboratory animals 77 Fistula 358 Floor pens 224, 250 Floors 35, 131, 207, 279, 468 Florida 202 Food intake 29 Food preferences 135 Foraging 194, 405 Foreign bodies 346 Formaldehyde 332 Fowls 244 Free range husbandry 499 Freezing 30 Freshwater fishes 300 Frogs 426 Fumigation 332, 333 Gases 149, 196, 343 Gene frequency 217 Genera 57 Genes 54, 492 Genetic control 385, 386 Genetic defects 408 Genetic differences 217 Genetic effects 237 Genetic engineering 218 Genetic markers 441 Genetic polymorphism 217 Genetic resistance 490 Genetic variation 12, 237, 285, 441 Genetics 215, 467, 538 Genotype environment interaction 185 Genotypes 492 Gerbils 132, 496 Gerbils as laboratory animals 342 Germ free husbandry 53, 298, 501 Germfree animals 120, 495 Germfree state 120 Gestation period 154 Giardia 221 Giardiasis 221 Gnotobiotic animals 112, 204, 333 Goats 63 Golden hamster 274 Golden hamsters 35, 276 Granules 162 Great Britain 94, 94, 94 Group behavior 46, 125, 306 Group size 362, 523 Groups 155, 223, 224, 258, 310, 394, 477, 480 Growth 70, 436 Growth rate 156, 224, 383 Guidelines 192, 228, 229, 341, 401 Guides 226 Guinea pigs 131, 187, 231, 232, 366, 380, 513, 523, 530 Habitats 466 Hamsters 93, 138, 172, 324 Handling 35, 52, 66, 91, 159, 228, 239, 254, 261, 283, 284, 286, 302, 345, 351, 454 Hazards 218 Health hazards 537 Heart rate 101, 272, 378 Hematology 327 Hemoglobin 257 Hemophilia 49 Herds 486 Hereditary diseases 244, 387 Heritability 237, 441 Herpesviridae 38, 115, 275, 377 Herpetoviridae 228, 355 Heterozygosity 217 Histopathology 34, 93, 111, 116, 132, 164, 172, 352, 420, 423, 462, 488 History 80, 307 Hocks 27 Horses 381 Housing 42, 50, 67, 67, 68, 68, 94, 176, 245, 455 Housing temperature and humidity 121 Human-animal relationships 309 Hunting 536 Hybrids 386 Hydrocortisone 41 Hydroxylases 151 Hymenolepis nana 325 Hyperlipemia 37 Hypertension 285 Hypoglycemia 257 Identification 5, 258, 280, 284, 345, 355, 401 Ileum 92 Immobilization 3 Immune competence 31, 185 Immunity 140, 271 Immunoassay 186, 532 Immunodiagnosis 377, 458 Immunofluorescence 428 Immunogenetics 127, 259 Immunological deficiency 185 Immunological diseases 239 Immunosuppression 145, 377 Impact 251 Imported breeds 319 Imports 319 Improvement 107, 320 In vitro 435 In vitro culture 435 Inbred lines 127, 385, 408 Inbred strains 520 Inbreeding 219 Incidence 221, 267, 390 Industry 24 Infection 118, 390 Infections 487 Infectious diseases 97, 326, 392 Infectivity 270 Infestation 162 Information centers 396 Information processing 40 Information services 19 Information systems 339 Inheritance 467 Inhibition 113 Injectable anesthetics 101 Injection 500 Injections 327 Insecticides 316 Inspection 308 Institutions 44 Insulin 90 Interactions 35 International cooperation 535 Inventories 19 Iodides 434 Iron 431 Isoenzymes 520 Isolation 148, 204, 266, 273, 274, 289, 290, 355, 381, 429, 462, 529 Isolation technique 501 Ivermectin 291 Japan 109, 193, 270, 495 Japanese quails 199, 318 Joints (animal) 27 Kenya 72, 129, 168, 420 Kidneys 141, 420 Kra 534 Laboratories 21, 22, 124, 180, 183, 207, 209, 222, 294, 333, 410, 460, 495, 509 Laboratory animals 1, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 33, 39, 40, 42, 50, 53, 67, 68, 68, 70, 71, 73, 79, 79, 79, 80, 81, 84, 87, 88, 94, 94, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 114, 117, 119, 121, 123, 129, 158, 166, 167, 174, 176, 181, 183, 184, 190, 191, 192, 196, 199, 205, 208, 209, 210, 215, 218, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 246, 251, 253, 256, 260, 261, 263, 278, 279, 281, 282, 286, 289, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 302, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 313, 318, 320, 322, 332, 335, 336, 340, 344, 353, 354, 356, 359, 360, 375, 393, 401, 402, 403, 404, 422, 424, 427, 456, 459, 469, 474, 475, 494, 507, 508, 510, 518, 524, 526, 533, 537, 541 Laboratory equipment 17, 18, 210 Laboratory mammals 409, 412, 419, 488 Laboratory methods 71, 303, 464 Laboratory rearing 5, 45, 56, 60, 63, 74, 76, 78, 82, 90, 91, 144, 187, 190, 211, 240, 242, 243, 246, 249, 300, 301, 310, 321, 364, 373, 399, 426, 437, 439, 442, 462, 501 Laboratory tests 525 Lagomorpha 97 Lameness 473 Landrace 127 Latent infections 43 Law 47 Law and legislation 25, 94, 94, 94 Layout 64 Learning ability 464 Legislation 13, 69, 107, 251, 307, 313, 354, 359, 433, 453, 457, 494 Lesions 530 Leukemia 255, 391 Leukocyte count 145 Licensing 308, 313 Life history 247 Light intensity 446 Lighting 121, 150, 330, 446, 493 Literature reviews 185, 412 Litter 148, 151, 195, 279, 371, 525 Litter size 58, 144, 154, 156, 365, 430, 463 Litter traits 365 Live vaccines 212 Liver 151 Liver cells 488 Livestock 11, 218 Livestock housing 192 Liveweight 499 Lizards 240 Locomotion 412 Long term experiments 255, 346, 357 Longevity 310 Loose housing 214 Lymphocyte transformation 484 Lymphocytes 142, 145, 216 Lymphoma 312 Macaca 106, 125, 265, 269, 277, 323, 378, 465 Macaca arctoides 364 Macaca fascicularis 5, 95, 176, 275, 428, 431 Macaca mulatta 10, 38, 41, 115, 152, 161, 176, 182, 198, 201, 275, 292, 316, 377, 379, 388, 394, 411, 444, 473, 476, 514, 521 Maize cobs 151, 195 Major histocompatibility complex 520 Malaysia 297 Male animals 201, 362, 380, 485, 502 Males 27 Mammals 28 Man 35 Management 49, 75, 84, 88, 114, 282, 305, 394, 424, 474, 529, 533, 535 Management units 505 Managers 166 Marine invertebrates as laboratory animals 517 Marmoset 52, 239, 311, 329, 415, 423, 445 Marmosets 5, 179 Marmot 51 Marmota monax 376 Maternal behavior 504 Maternal effects 323 Mating 108 Mating behavior 113, 504, 538 Measurement 29, 324, 469, 519 Mebendazole 325 Medical research 5, 47, 86, 301, 303, 314, 326, 351, 401, 452, 491, 497 Medical treatment 90 Mental health 328 Mental stress 414 Meriones unguiculatus 342 Metabolic diseases 97 Metabolism cage 141 Metals 281 Methodology 29, 435, 470 Methyl bromide 333 Mice 27, 30, 31, 36, 48, 54, 64, 99, 100, 110, 112, 113, 118, 122, 131, 132, 139, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 154, 156, 157, 162, 163, 164, 177, 195, 197, 216, 249, 252, 255, 266, 312, 325, 333, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 367, 373, 383, 385, 386, 392, 406, 429, 430, 439, 448, 454, 463, 471, 480, 487, 490, 492, 495, 502, 512, 513, 522, 525, 529, 531, 538 Microbial flora 112 Microclimate 334 Microcomputers 103, 375 Microenvironments 149, 157, 265, 335 Microsomes 151 Microtus 464 Microwaves 370 Mineral content 336 Mineral metabolism 431 Minerals 336 Miniature pigs 302 Minks as laboratory animals 81 Mirrors 337 Mite control 162 Mixed infections 95, 391 Mobile equipment 17 Models 166, 310, 338, 399, 526 Modifications 96, 341 Moisture 516 Molecular genetics 48 Monitoring 10, 258, 331, 333, 374, 375, 481, 532 Monitors 331, 469 Monkeys 76, 85, 180, 228, 258, 310, 326, 414, 416, 461, 477, 511 Monodelphis domestica 217 Mortality 93, 311, 365, 366, 382, 394, 425, 530 Mosaicism 520 Movements 374 Multiple regression 478 Municipal services 309 Murinae 537 Murine paramyxovirus 148, 270 Mus 74 Muscle fibers 54 Muscular dystrophy 54 Muskrats 351 Mutants 54, 487, 489, 492 Mutations 128, 489 Mycoplasma 352 Myobia musculi 162, 525 Natural history 314, 416 Natural light 150 Natural mating 144 Nature conservation 314 Nematode control 325 Neonatal mortality 2, 82, 156, 257 Neonates 390 Neoplasms 51, 97, 386, 500 Nesting 504 Newborn animals 76, 257, 382 Nigeria 530 Nocturnal activity 523 Nomenclature 128 Normal values 257, 431, 519 Norway 308 Nose 496 Nuclear inclusions 488 Nursing 475 Nutrient deficiencies 185 Nutrition 401 Nutritional muscular dystrophy 2 Nutritional state 53 Nylon 363 Obesity 540 Occupational hazards 195, 236, 537 Odocoileus Virginianus 63 Operational control 103 Opossums 217, 437 Opportunistic infections 496 Organizations 130, 396 Organophosphorus compounds 371 Outbreaks 95, 490, 530 Ovulation 438 Pain 36, 320 Pancreas 358 Papio 534 Papio anubis 519 Paraiba 217 Paralysis 489 Paramyxoviridae 423 Parasites 392 Parasitism 97 Parliament 192 Parous rates 463 Participative management 253 Parturition 275, 425 Pasteurella multocida 212, 458 Pathogen free animals 27, 188 Pathogenesis 83, 172 Pediculus 316 Pedigree 441 Pennsylvania 24 Pens 46, 159, 225, 273 Perches 59, 201 Performance 382 Periodicals 305 Pernambuco 217 Peromyscus 144 Personnel 193, 236, 459 Pest control 316 Pesticides 455, 535 Pharmacology 524 Pharmacy 424 Phenotypes 217, 259 Philippines 106, 465 Photoperiod 274, 376 Physical laboratories 234 Physiological effect 370 Physiological functions 258, 324, 481 Physiology 283, 331, 437 Pig breeds 58 Pig housing 96, 302, 303, 486 Pigeons 264, 434 Piglets 92, 501 Pigs 12, 96, 127, 238, 302, 303, 472, 486, 497, 498 Pines 151 Plasmodium 372 Plastics 281 Platelets 381 Play 447 Plutonium 255 Pneumocystis carinii 495 Pollutants 196 Pongidae 268, 477 Population pressure 144 Population structure 12 Postmortem examinations 261, 382 Postoperative complications 137 Postpartum interval 463 Poultry 11, 218, 455 Poultry housing 202 Poultry rearing 318 Pounds 309 Prealbumin 195 Predation 211 Pregnancy 343, 438 Pregnancy diagnosis 527 Preservation 30 Prevention 82, 393 Preweaning period 82 Primates 8, 9, 32, 44, 45, 47, 57, 59, 61, 67, 137, 170, 171, 173, 176, 178, 194, 203, 206, 245, 245, 252, 262, 287, 288, 314, 319, 321, 328, 331, 360, 361, 362, 363, 390, 395, 396, 398, 399, 405, 409, 412, 415, 417, 419, 441, 442, 479, 481, 483, 491, 507, 532 Primates as laboratory animals 245, 353, 360, 361, 534 Progeny production 163 Progesterone 407, 527 Programs 167, 180 Projects 106 Prototypes 411 Protozoal infections 116, 186, 350, 428 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 516 Psychological factors 170, 415, 483 Psychology 245 Psychoses 452 Public health 95 Public opinion 515 Public relations 369, 459 Publications 226 Puppies 78 Pups 504 Q fever 418 Quality controls 279 Quantitative genetics 12, 526 Quantitative traits 48, 441 Quarantine 275, 351 Queens 527 Rabbit diseases 421 Rabbit feeding 37, 284, 421 Rabbit housing 155, 223, 250 Rabbits 2, 4, 46, 65, 82, 101, 131, 159, 186, 187, 212, 223, 224, 225, 250, 252, 267, 270, 284, 317, 343, 365, 382, 408, 420, 421, 434, 443, 458, 478, 513, 516 Rabbits as laboratory animals 422 Radionuclides 255 Ranges 464 Rat feeding 98, 485 Rats 29, 34, 43, 90, 111, 120, 128, 135, 139, 140, 141, 150, 151, 165, 169, 193, 219, 252, 264, 266, 271, 285, 290, 291, 330, 333, 334, 341, 352, 357, 358, 371, 384, 385, 387, 392, 400, 446, 462, 468, 470, 471, 485, 489, 500, 504, 520, 529, 539, 540 Rats as laboratory animals 219 Rats as laboratory animals, Effect of radiation 370 Rattus 135 Rearing techniques 125, 315 Record keeping 60, 189 Recordings 374 Records 19, 208, 260, 367 Rectum 500 Reference standards 431 Reflexes 101 Regulation 535 Regulations 21, 24, 47, 86, 153, 222, 260, 308, 389, 433, 536 Reinfection 140, 271 Relapse 428 Relationships 380 Relative humidity 100, 156, 157, 243, 448 Remote control 331 Removal 210 Renal function 290 Reproduction 73, 311, 321, 323, 326, 376, 394, 421, 436, 437, 438, 494 Reproductive behavior 138, 168, 362, 416 Reproductive efficiency 70, 154 Reproductive performance 113, 134, 144, 156, 163, 189, 323, 348, 365, 439 Reptiles 62 Reptiles as laboratory animals 77 Research 33, 432, 509 Research institutes 72, 182, 440, 442, 459, 460 Research policy 260 Research projects 313, 440 Research workers 508 Respiration rate 101 Respiratory diseases 266, 352, 462, 468, 513 Responses 141 Responsibility 474 Restraint 283, 445 Restraint of animals 3, 5, 8, 241, 303, 358, 378, 414, 498 Retinas 150, 446 Retroviridae 239 Rhesus monkey 507 Rhesus monkeys 3, 126, 133, 143, 175, 200, 272, 316, 372, 394, 528 Rhinitis 34 Risk 535 Rodents 55, 68, 97, 204, 211, 213, 243, 248, 280, 374, 464 Rodents as laboratory animals 68, 450 Saccharin 29 Safety 101, 498 Safety at work 410 Safety measures 455, 455, 455, 455 Saguinus oedipus 176, 397 Saimiri 108, 257 Saimiri sciureus 221 Salmonella 278, 366 Salmonella typhimurium 530 Salmonellosis 278, 530 Sampling 135, 481 Sanitation 327 Sarcoma 255 Schistocerca gregaria 315 Screening 165, 228, 377, 458 Security 459, 460 Selection 12 Selection methods 244 Semen characters 199, 461 Sentinel animals 148 Serological diagnosis 392, 423, 462 Serological surveys 115, 267, 391, 458 Serotypes 212 Sewage 210 Sex differences 59, 115, 195, 391, 431, 447, 464 Sex ratio 311, 463 Sexual behavior 146, 330, 362 Sheep 418 Sialodacryoadenitis virus 140, 165, 271 Size 464 Skeletal muscle 470 Skills 474 Skulls 317 Small animal rearing 486 Small intestine 172 Social behavior 35, 170, 310, 337, 399, 416, 443, 452, 478, 481, 511 Social dominance 115 Social emotional development 125 Social environment 32, 198, 288, 337, 412, 476 Social interaction 85, 108, 194, 273, 466, 479, 491 Social status 113 Social structure 477, 478 Socialization 158, 413, 482 Softwoods 371 Sorting 499 Sounds 243, 412 Sources 391 South asia 74 Sows 58 Space requirements 173, 223, 264, 273, 289, 306, 523 Spatial distribution 523 Species 57, 61 Specific pathogen free state 187, 471 Specific pathogen-free state 429 Spinal cord 54 Spine 89 Spleen 147 Squirrel monkeys 61, 91, 108, 214, 327, 407, 438 Standards 21, 107, 230, 230, 230, 320 Staphylococcus 496 Staphylococcus aureus 332, 516 Starvation 98 Sterilization 404 Sterilizing 256, 333 Stimulation 470 Stock accounting 424 Stocks 19 Stoppers 336 Strain differences 290, 302, 490 Strains 27, 30, 34, 111, 249, 285, 290, 385, 430, 439, 492, 522 Streptobacillus 490 Streptococcus pneumoniae 266 Streptomycin 212, 528 Stress 4, 11, 41, 64, 142, 145, 147, 152, 203, 238, 275, 393, 428, 472, 480, 484, 491, 498, 502 Stress factors 185 Structural design 18 Superovulation 120 Supervisors 166 Supplementary feeding 499 Supplies 282 Supply 494 Surgery 226 Surgical operations 317, 320, 404 Surveys 442 Survival 156, 257, 382 Susceptibility 490 Sweden 186, 433 Switzerland 104 Sympathetic nervous system 378 Symptoms 2, 36, 95, 221, 266, 473, 530 Syphacia 291, 384 Systems analysis 451 Tail 448 Teaching materials 509, 510 Technical training 508 Technicians 84, 474, 506, 508 Techniques 215 Teeth 137 Telemetry 258 Television 44 Temperature 4 Temperatures 243 Temporal variation 217 Terbufos 371 Territoriality 502 Testes 502 Testing 92, 338, 381, 468 Testosterone 380, 502 Tetanus 503 Tethered housing 481 Tethering 358, 378 Texas 251 Therapy 372, 473 Thymus gland 145 Thyroid diseases 244 Thyroid gland 434 Time 29 Tissues 86, 386 Toads 56 Toxicity 133, 141, 162, 255, 371 Toxicology 180, 522 Toys 161, 194, 201, 292, 363, 412, 447 Trachea 276 Training 167, 354, 506, 509 Training (animal) 277, 511 Training of animals 514 Traits 237 Transfers 30 Transgenic animals 216 Transgenics 406, 512 Transplantation 386 Transport 345 Transport of animals 145, 147, 277, 498, 514 Trapping 536 Trauma 89 Treatment 75, 97, 132, 503, 528 Tremor 489 Tropics 79, 79, 79 Trucks 147 Trypsin 120 Tube feeding 357 Tuberculosis 528 Types 131 Typhlitis 93 U.S.A. 1, 21, 47, 69, 86, 87, 107, 153, 167, 206, 266, 282, 295, 389, 392, 442, 453, 474, 484, 494, 515 Ultrasound 183, 519 United Kingdom 13, 103, 229, 293, 313, 402, 494, 505 United States 25 Uranium 141, 255 Urea 502 Urinary tract diseases 522 Urine 113 Usage 59, 535 Usda 21, 206, 389 Uterus 530 Vaccination 212 Vaginal prolapse 408 Validity 338, 339 Values 84 Vandalism 457 Vapor 154 Ventilation 121, 157, 196, 213, 243 Veterinarians 229, 508 Veterinary disinfection 455 Veterinary education 508 Veterinary equipment 404 Veterinary hygiene 402 Veterinary medicine 302 Veterinary practice 80 Veterinary services 1, 28, 252 Veterinary surgery 322 Videorecordings 176, 176, 176, 176, 176, 176 Viral diseases 109, 140, 532 Viral hepatitis 148, 164, 197, 429, 488, 525 Virginia 95 Virology 318 Viruses 95, 392, 462, 532 Visual aids 533 Visual stimuli 412 Vitamin deficiencies 473 Vitamin e 2 Vitamin supplements 473 Vocalization 113, 272 Washington 396, 486 Water troughs 524 Weight 64 Weight determination 499 Weight gain 274 Wild strains 74 Wildlife conservation 456 Wildlife management 536 Wire 522 Wisconsin 182, 493 Wood chips 151 Wood shavings 151, 279 Work organization 84 Workers 509 Wounds 43 Xenopus laevis 299 Young animal diseases 390 Young animals 317 Zoo animals 80 Zoological gardens 57 Zoonoses 53, 109, 301, 344, 418 
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*The Animal Welfare Information Center, awic@nal.usda.gov http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/qb9517.htm, April 17, 1998*