Chemical-Specific Data

1

Chemical-Specific Data

Chemical-specific inputs used to model coal combustion residuals (CCR) include the biouptake, 

biotranfer, and bioconcentration factors needed to estimate exposure concentrations in produce, beef, 

milk, and fish. Values for these inputs are obtained from the best available literature source. Tables 1-1

through 1-26 provide, for each chemical in the CCR analysis (listed below), the values used in the 

analysis, along with the source of each value. Note that in the reference column, ECOTOX refers to U.S. 

EPA (2009), and HSDB refers to the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (U.S. NLM, 2011).

The properties for the following chemicals are provided; the tables are in alphabetical order:

 Aluminum

 Antimony

 Arsenic

 Barium

 Beryllium

 Boron

 Cadmium

 Chromium III

 Chromium VI

 Cobalt

 Copper

 Fluoride

 Iron

 Lanthanum

 Manganese

 Mercury

 Molybdenum

 Nickel

 Nitrate nitrogen

 Selenium

 Silver

 Strontium

 Thallium

 Uranium

 Vanadium

 Zinc.

Chemical-specific properties were not collected for the following chemicals that had no waste 

concentration data or no health benchmark:

 Ammonia (no waste concentration)

 Calcium (no benchmark)

 Chloride (no benchmark)

 Cyanide (no waste concentration)

 Lead (no benchmark)

 Magnesium (no benchmark)

 Nitrite nitrogen (no waste concentration)

 Potassium (no benchmark)

 Silicon (no benchmark)

 Sodium (no benchmark)

 Sulfate (no benchmark)

 Sulfur (no benchmark).
Chemical-Specific Data

2

Table 1-1. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Aluminum (7429-90-5)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 1.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 2.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 3.60E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

ECOTOX 

Cleveland, 1991

BCF_T4W was used as a 

surrogate

BCF_T4F 3.60E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

ECOTOX 

Cleveland, 1991

BCF_T4W was used as a 

surrogate

BrExfruit 6.50E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 6.50E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 6.50E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 6.50E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

3

Table 1-2. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Antimony (7440-36-0)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 1.00E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 1.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish

BCF_T4F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish

BrExfruit 3.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 2.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 2.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 3.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 3.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 3.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 2.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 2.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

4

Table 1-3. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Arsenic (7440-38-2)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 2.00E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 6.00E-05 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 4.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BCF_T4F 4.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BrExfruit 2.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrExveg 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrForage 5.30E-02 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrGrain 4.30E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrProfruit 2.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrProveg 2.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrRoot 4.60E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrSilage 5.30E-02 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

5

Table 1-4. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Barium (7440-39-3)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 1.50E-04 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 3.50E-04 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 1.30E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

ATSDR Hope, 

1996

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate; species was 

sunfish

BCF_T4F 1.30E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

ATSDR Hope, 

1996

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate; species was 

sunfish

BrExfruit 1.50E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 1.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 1.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 1.50E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 1.50E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 1.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 1.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 1.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

6

Table 1-5. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Beryllium (7440-41-7)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 1.00E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 9.00E-07 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 1.90E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BCF_T4F 1.90E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Barrows et al., 

1980 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BrExfruit 1.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 1.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 1.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 1.50E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

7

Table 1-6. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Boron (7440-42-8)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 8.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 1.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 3.10E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

ECOTOX Zhang, 

2007

BCF_T4F 6.00E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

ECOTOX 

Gettofrey, 1988

BrExfruit 2.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 4.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 4.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 2.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 2.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 2.00E+00 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 4.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 4.00E+00 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

8

Table 1-7. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Cadmium (7440-43-9)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 5.50E-04 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 1.00E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 2.70E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Kumada et al., 

1972 

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean of 3 

data points in Table 2. 

Species were doce and 

rainbow trout. 

BCF_T4F 2.70E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Kumada et al., 

1972 

BCF_T4W was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean of 3 

data points in Table 2. 

Species were doce and 

rainbow trout. 

BrExfruit 2.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrExveg 6.70E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrForage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrGrain 1.10E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProfruit 2.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProveg 2.50E-03 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrRoot 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrSilage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

9

Table 1-8. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Chromium III (16065-83-1)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 5.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 1.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 6.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Stephan, 1993 BCF_T4F was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean (as 

cited in Stephan, 1993) 

based on Buhler et al. 

(1977) and Calamari et al. 

(1982). Used chromium as 

a surrogate.

BCF_T4F 6.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Stephan, 1993 Geomean (as cited in 

Stephan, 1993) based on 

Buhler et al. (1977) and 

Calamari et al. (1982). 

Used chromium as a 

surrogate.

BrExfruit 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrExveg 5.80E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrForage 1.90E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrGrain 9.00E-05 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProfruit 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProveg 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrRoot 9.50E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrSilage 1.90E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals.

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

10

Table 1-9. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Chromium VI (18540-29-9)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 5.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 1.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 6.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Stephan, 1993 BCF_T4F was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean (as 

cited in Stephan, 1993) 

based on Buhler et al. 

(1977) and Calamari et al. 

(1982). Used chromium as 

a surrogate.

BCF_T4F 6.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Stephan, 1993 Geomean (as cited in 

Stephan, 1993) based on 

Buhler et al. (1977) and 

Calamari et al. (1982). 

Used chromium as a 

surrogate.

BrExfruit 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrExveg 5.80E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrForage 1.90E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrGrain 9.00E-05 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProfruit 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrProveg 1.40E-04 (μg/g DW 

plant)/(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrRoot 9.50E-04 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

BrSilage 1.90E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

11

Table 1-10. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Cobalt (7440-48-4)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 2.00E-02 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BaMilk 2.00E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984 

BCF_T3F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet Stephan, 1993

BCF_T4F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet Stephan, 1993

BrExfruit 7.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrExveg 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrForage 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrGrain 7.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProfruit 7.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrProveg 7.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984 

BrRoot 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984 

BrSilage 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984 

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate 

U.S. EPA, 1997b 
Chemical-Specific Data

12

Table 1-11. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Copper (7440-50-8)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 1.00E-02 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 1.50E-03 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 0.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

Stephan (1993)

BCF_T4F 0.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

Stephan (1993)

BrExfruit 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

13

Table 1-12. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Fluoride (16984-48-8)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef NO DATA Beef biotransfer factor

BaMilk NO DATA Milk biotransfer factor

BCF_T3F 2.3 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

ECOTOX Wright, 

1977

BCF_T4W used as 

surrograte; species was 

brown trout

BCF_T4F 2.3 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

ECOTOX Wright, 

1977

BCF_T4W used as 

surrograte; species was 

brown trout

BrExfruit NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

BrExveg NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

BrForage NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

BrGrain NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

BrProfruit NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

BrProveg NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

BrRoot NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

BrSilage NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zeo for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

14

Table 1-13. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Iron (7439-89-6)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 2.00E-02 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 2.50E-04 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F

1.90E+01

(L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

ECOTOX Preez et 

al., 1993

Species is banded bream

BCF_T4F 2.20E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

HSDB Nakamoto 

and Hassler, 1992 

Species is bluegill

BrExfruit 1.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 1.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 1.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 1.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

15

Table 1-14. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Lanthanum (7439-91-0)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 3.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 2.00E-05 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 1.20E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet 

ECOTOX Hao, et. 

al., 1996

Species was common carp

BCF_T4F 1.20E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet 

ECOTOX Hao, et. 

al., 1996

BCF_T3F used as 

surrogate; species was 

common carp

BrExfruit 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

16

Table 1-15. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Manganese (7439-96-5)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 4.00E-04 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 3.50E-04 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 4.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

ECOTOX Litzke 

and Hubel, 1993

Species was common carp 

BCF_T4F 2.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

ECOTOX Litzke 

and Hubel, 1993

Species was rainbow trout 

BrExfruit 5.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 5.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 5.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 5.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

17

Table 1-16. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Mercury (99-99-1)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 7.70E-03 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor U.S. EPA, 1997a BTF based on divalent 

mercury

BaMilk 2.60E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor U.S. EPA, 1997a BTF based on divalent 

mercury

BCF_T3F 1.60E+06 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

U.S. EPA, 1997a BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. BAF used with 

dissolved methylmercury 

concentrations.

BCF_T4F 6.80E+06 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

U.S. EPA, 1997a BCF_T4W was used as a 

surrogate. BAF used with 

dissolved methylmercury 

concentrations.

BrExfruit 1.40E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

For divalent mercury.

BrExveg 1.70E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2000

For divalent mercury.

BrForage 6.70E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2001

For divalent mercury.

BrGrain 8.60E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2002

For divalent mercury.

BrProfruit 1.40E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2003

For divalent mercury.

BrProveg 1.40E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2004

For divalent mercury.

BrRoot 3.60E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2005

For divalent mercury.

BrSilage 6.70E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

2006

For divalent mercury.

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 40.41 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b For divalent mercury.
Chemical-Specific Data

18

Table 1-17. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Molybdenum (7439-98-7)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 6.00E-03 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 1.53E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 4.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

Eisler, 1989 BCF_T4F was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean of 

values found on pages 27 

and 28. Species were 

rainbow trout and 

steelhead trout.

BCF_T4F 4.00E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

Eisler, 1989 Geomean of values found 

on pages 27 and 28. 

Species were rainbow 

trout and steelhead trout.

BrExfruit 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

19

Table 1-18. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Nickel (7440-02-0)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 6.00E-03 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 1.00E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 8.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

Stephan, 1993 BCF_T4F was used as a 

surrogate. Derived from 

Calamari et al. (1982) (as 

cited in Stephan, 1993).

BCF_T4F 8.00E-01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

Stephan, 1993 Derived from Calamari et 

al. (1982) (as cited in 

Stephan, 1993).

BrExfruit 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 1.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrForage 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrGrain 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 6.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 2.00E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

20

Table 1-19. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Total Nitrate Nitrogen (14797-55-8)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef NO DATA Beef biotransfer factor 

BaMilk NO DATA Milk biotransfer factor 

BCF_T3F NO DATA Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

BCF_T4F NO DATA Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

BrExfruit NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

BrExveg NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

BrForage NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

BrGrain NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

BrProfruit NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

BrProveg NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

BrRoot NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

BrSilage NO DATA Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

21

Table 1-20. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Selenium (7782-49-2)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 0.015 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 4.00E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 4.90E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 3 fish, filet

Lemly, 1985 Based on threadfin shad 

and blueback herring. 

Units corrected.

BCF_T4F 1.70E+03 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic 

level 4 fish, filet

Lemly, 1985 Based on threadfin shad 

and blueback herring. 

Units corrected.

BrExfruit 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 2.50E-02 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, 

particulate

U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

22

Table 1-21. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Silver (7440-22-4)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 0.003 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 0.020 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet

Barrows et al., 

1980

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BCF_T4F 0 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet

Barrows et al., 

1980

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BrExfruit 1.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 1.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 1.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 1.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 4.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

23

Table 1-22. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Strontium (7440-24-6)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 3.00E-04 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 1.50E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 9.50E+00 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet

ECOTOX 

Aleksanyan et 

al., 1978

Species was common carp 

BCF_T4F 3.40E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet

HSDB 

Nakamoto and 

Hassler, 1992

Species was bluegill 

BrExfruit 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 2.50E+00 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 2.50E+00 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 2.50E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 2.50E+00 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 2.50E+00 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

24

Table 1-23. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Thallium (7440-28-0)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 0.040 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 2.00E-03 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 3.4E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet

Barrows et al., 

1980

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Species was 

sunfish.

BCF_T4F 1.3E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet

Stephan, 1993 Derived from Zitko et al. 

(1975) (as cited in 

Stephan, 1993).

BrExfruit 4.00E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 4.00E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 4.00E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 4.00E-04 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

25

Table 1-24. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Uranium (7440-61-1)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment 

BaBeef 2.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 6.00E-04 (day/kg - WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 3.70E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet 

Poston, 1982 BCF_T4W used as a 

surrogate

BCF_T4F 3.70E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet 

Poston, 1982 BCF_T4W used as a 

surrogate

BrExfruit 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 8.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 8.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage 

Baes et al., 1984

BrGrain 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit 

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 4.00E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 8.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots 

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 8.50E-03 (μg/g DW plant)/ 

(μg/g soil) 

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage 

Baes et al., 1984

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase 

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

26

Table 1-25. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Vanadium (7440-62-2)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 2.50E-03 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 2.00E-05 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 3.20E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet

ECOTOX Bell et 

al., 1980

BCF_T4W used as a 

surrogate

BCF_T4F 3.20E+01 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet

ECOTOX Bell et 

al., 1980

BCF_T4W used as a 

surrogate

BrExfruit 3.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 5.50E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrForage 4.90E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrGrain 3.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Baes et al., 1984

BrProfruit 3.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 3.00E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 5.50E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Baes et al., 1984

BrSilage 4.90E-03 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

27

Table 1-26. Chemical-Specific Inputs for Zinc (7440-66-6)

Parameter Value Units Description Reference Comment

BaBeef 0.10 (day/kg-WW) Beef biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BaMilk 0.01 (day/kg-WW) Milk biotransfer factor Baes et al., 1984

BCF_T3F 3.50E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

3 fish, filet

Murphy et al., 

1978

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean of 

converted dry weight 

concentration in Table 1 

of bluegills at Site A and 

B.

BCF_T4F 3.50E+02 (L/kg) Bioconcentration factor for trophic level 

4 fish, filet

Murphy et al., 

1978

BCF_T3W was used as a 

surrogate. Geomean of 

converted dry weight 

concentration in Table 1 

of bluegills at Site A and 

B.

BrExfruit 9.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrExveg 3.30E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

exposed vegetables

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrForage 3.20E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

forage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrGrain 3.30E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

grain

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrProfruit 9.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected fruit

Baes et al., 1984

BrProveg 9.00E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

protected vegetables

Baes et al., 1984

BrRoot 1.30E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

roots

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

BrSilage 3.20E-01 (μg/g DW 

plants)/(μg/g soil)

Soil-to-plant bioconcentration factor, 

silage

Calculated based 

on U.S. EPA, 

1999

Fv 0 (unitless) Fraction of air concentration in vapor 

phase

Set to zero for nonvolatile 

chemicals

KpPar 18.07 (1/yr) Plant surface loss coefficient, particulate U.S. EPA, 1997b
Chemical-Specific Data

28

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