Surface-Water Quality Data, Permanente and Saratoga Creeks, Santa Clara Valley, 

California, Water Year 1997

By Seth H. Myhre and Kenneth E. Bencala

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Open-File Report 98-4

Menlo Park, California 

1998
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Mark Shaefer, Acting Director

For additional information Copies of this report can be 

write to: purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey, WRD U.S. Geological Survey

345 Middlefield Road Branch of Information Services

Menlo Park, California 94025 Box 25286

Denver Federal Center 

Denver, Colorado 80225-0046

n
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract.................................................................................................................................. 1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2

Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................. 2

Description of Study Area...................................................................................................... 2

Experimental Methods........................................................................................................... 4

Chemical Analysis for Cations................................................................................... 5

Chemical Analysis for Anions................................................................................... 5

Alkalinity by Gran Titration....................................................................................... 6

Specific Conductance................................................................................................. 6

Total Suspended Solids Concentration...................................................................... 6

Data Description.................................................................................................................... 7

Discharge Variability................................................................................................. 7

Temporal Variability.................................................................................................. 7

Spatial Variability...................................................................................................... 8

References.............................................................................................................................. 9

FIGURES

1. Location of study area.................................................................................... 10

2. Permanente and Saratoga Creek hydrograph for water Year 1997................ 12

3-11. Plots showing temporal variability:

3. Temporal variability of pH at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of Permanente

and Saratoga Creeks....................................................................................... 13

4. Temporal variability of temperature at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of Permanente 

and Saratoga Creeks....................................................................................... 14

5. Temporal variability of chloride concentration at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of 

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 15

6. Temporal variability of specific conductance at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 16

7. Temporal variability of alkalinity at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of Permanente

and Saratoga Creeks....................................................................................... 17

8. Temporal variability of sulfate concentration at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 18

in
9. Temporal variability of calcium concentration at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 19

10. Temporal variability of magnesium concentration at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of 

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 20

11. Temporal variability of sodium concentration at PRl and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks................................................................... 21

12-20. Plots showing spatial variability:

12. Spatial variability of pH................................................................................. 22

13. Spatial variability of temperature................................................................... 23

14. Spatial variability of chloride concentration.................................................. 24

15. Spatial variability of specific conductance..................................................... 25

16. Spatial variability of alkalinity....................................................................... 26

17. Spatial variability of sulfate concentration.................................................... 27

18. Spatial variability of calcium concentration.................................................. 28

19. Spatial variability of magnesium concentration............................................. 29

20. Spatial variability of sodium concentration................................................... 30

TABLES

1. Permanente and S aratoga Creeks discharge on sampling date...................... 11

2-18. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek (data tables):

2. October 1, 1996.............................................................................................. 31

3. October 24, 1996............................................................................................ 31

4. Novembers, 1996.......................................................................................... 32

5. Novemver20, 1996........................................................................................ 32

6. December3, 1996.......................................................................................... 33

7. December 12, 1996........................................................................................ 33

8. January 2, 1997.............................................................................................. 34

9. January 13, 1997............................................................................................ 34

10. January 27, 1997............................................................................................ 35

11. Februarys, 1997............................................................................................ 35

12. March 3, 1997................................................................................................ 36

13. April 1,1997.................................................................................................. 36

14. May 2, 1997................................................................................................... 37

15. June 10, 1997................................................................................................. 37

16. JulyS, 1997.................................................................................................... 38

17. August 15, 1997............................................................................................. 38

18. September 18, 1997........................................................................................ 39

IV
CONVERSION FACTORS

Multiply By To Obtain

cubic foot per second (ftVs) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (mVs)

gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3 )

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

square mile (mi2 ) 2.59 square kilometer (km2)

gram (g) 0.035 ounce (oz)

inch (in) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

Degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the following

equation:

°F = 9/5 (°C) + 32

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not 

constitute endorsement by the U.S. government.
Surface-Water Quality Data, Permanente and Saratoga Creeks, Santa Clara Valley,

California, Water Year 1997

By Seth H. Myhre and Kenneth E. Bencala

ABSTRACT

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitored selected water quality characteristics at 

three sites along Permanente Creek and six sites along Saratoga Creek from October 1, 1996 

through September 18, 1997. Water samples were collected one to three times per month, 

depending on rainfall. Samples were measured in the laboratory for alkalinity, specific 

conductance, total suspended solids, and chloride, sulfate, calcium, magnesium and sodium 

concentrations. Temperature and pH were measured directly in the creeks. This report presents 

tabulated data from these measurements. This report also presents a description of the data and a 

graphical presentation of the constituents and discharge.
INTRODUCTION

This study was designed to monitor spatial and temporal variability of selected 

water quality characteristics in Permanente and Saratoga Creeks during the 1997 water year 

(October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997). The chemical and physical data presented in this 

report will be used to determine the applicability of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks for future 

studies. This report presents physical and chemical data, figures which display spatial and 

temporal variability of the data, a description of the study area and of the methods used in the 

field and in the laboratory. This report also presents discharge data for Permanente and Saratoga 

Creeks, however these data were measured independently of this study.

Acknowledgments

Many people helped in the prepartaration of this report. Permanente Creek discharge 

data were provided by Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) (gaging station number 

32A). Saratoga Creek discharge was provided by the California District of the USGS Water 

Resources Division (gaging station number 11169500). The USGS and SCVWD gaging stations 

were set up independently, prior to this study, and are currently in operation. Larry Schemel 

designed and supervised the experiment, provided the necessary training for sample collection 

and processing, laboratory procedures, computer skills, and writing of the data report. Ron 

Avanzino provided training on the Dionex Ion Chromatograph and general laboratory protocol.

DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks are located in the northwestern (NW) section of Santa 

Clara County California (fig. 1). Santa Clara County is located approximately forty miles south 

of San Francisco on the east side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Drainage basins for Permanente 

and Saratoga Creeks are oriented west to east. Permanente and Saratoga Creeks drain to the San 

Francisco Bay. See figure 1 for site locations.

Permanente Creek water samples were collected at three sites: two along Permanente
Creek and one along West Fork Permanente Creek. A cement plant and limestone quarrying 

operation heavily impacted Permanente Creek upstream from the sampling sites (Nolan and Hill, 

1989). Permanente Creek was impacted by channelization and suburbanization downstream 

from the sampling sites. West Fork Permanente Creek was unimpacted upstream from its 

sampling site.

Permanente Creek sites are identified with a "PR" prefix. Site numbers descend 

downstream. PR3 was on West Fork Permanente Creek, upstream from the confluence with 

Permanente Creek. PR2 was on Permanente Creek, upstream from the confluence with West 

Fork Permanente Creek. PR1 was on Permanente Creek, downstream from the confluence with 

West Fork Permanente Creek.

Saratoga Creek water samples were collected at six sites: four along Saratoga Creek, one 

along Me Elroy Creek (tributary), and one along San Andreas Creek (tributary). Saratoga Creek 

was impacted by a sparse residential population upstream from the sampling sites, and by 

suburbanization downstream from the sampling sites. Me Elroy and San Andreas Creeks were 

unimpacted upstream from their sampling sites.

Saratoga Creek sites are identified with a "SA" prefix. Suffixes descend downstream. 

SA6 was on Saratoga Creek downstream from the confluence of Booker Creek. SA5 was on Me 

Elroy Creek upstream from the confluence with San Andreas. SA4 was on San Andreas Creek 

upstream from the confluence with Me Elroy. SA3 was on Saratoga Creek, downstream from the 

confluence of Me Elroy Creek with Saratoga Creek. SA2 was on Saratoga Creek, in the town of 

Saratoga. SA1 was the furthest downstream site on Saratoga Creek. SA1 was located in the city 

of San Jose, on the north side of Prospect Avenue. Saratoga Creek enters a cement channel 

between SA2 and SA1, and remains channelized untill discharging into the San Francisco Bay.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

One water sample was collected at each site. Collection frequency varied from one to 

three times per month depending on rainfall. Each water sample was collected in a 1,000 ml 

Nalgene polyethylene bottle using the single-vertical method (Ward and Harr, 1990). Collection 

bottles were rinsed in the laboratory with deionized water (DIW), field rinsed with stream water, 

and marked with their corresponding sites before each use.

Water temperature and pH were measured directly in the creeks during sample collection 

with a Cole-Parmer pH/mV/°C meter (model 59002-00). The meter was calibrated before each 

measurement with pH 7 and pH 4 buffers. Buffer solutions were made the evening prior to use. 

The pH 4 buffer solution was made by dissolving 5.1 g of Beckman potassium biphthalate in 

DIW to a solution volume of 500 ml. The pH 7 buffer was made by dissolving 3.3 g of Beckman 

Phosphate Buffer in DIW to a solution volume of 500 ml.

Samples were processed and preserved as described by Ward and Harr (1990). Samples 

to be measured for selected ion concentrations, alkalinity, and total suspended solids 

concentrations (TSS) were filtered in the laboratory on collection day through 47 mm diameter, 

0.45 micron pore size Gelman polycarbonate membrane filters. The filters were placed in an 

acid-washed Sartorious filter holder which was attached to a hand vacuum pump. The filter, 

filter holder, and storage bottles were rinsed several times with filtrate before receiving a final 

aliquot. Specific conductance samples were not filtered prior to analysis. All samples were 

refrigerated after processing.

Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory for major cations: magnesium (Mg2+), 

calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+), anions: chloride (Cl~) and sulfate (SO42~), and alkalinity, 

specific conductance and total suspended solids concentration. The laboratory analyses usually 

were done several weeks after collection.
Chemical Analysis for Cations

The water samples to be analyzed for sodium, magnesium and calcium were preserved 

immediately after processing by adding 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3 ) to approximately 

100 ml of sample (Ward and Harr 1990; Shelton, 1994). On the day of analyses lanthanum 

chloride (LaCl3 ) was added to sample aliquots to be measured for calcium and magnesium. 

Lanthanum chloride was added to mask possible interferences of phosphate, sulfate, and 

aluminum (Fishman and Friedman, 1989).

The analyses were executed by direct aspiration of a sample to a Perkin Elmer Atomic 

Absorption Spectrophotometer model 603. Most samples were left undiluted. Occasionally 

samples analyzed for sodium and calcium were diluted with a 2 percent hydrochloric acid (HC1) 

solution. Samples were diluted in order to bring their cation concentrations within the linear 

dynamic range for the wavelength at which they were measured. Instrumental drift was corrected 

for by analyzing blanks and standards between sample sets.

Chemical Analysis for Anions

Analyses were performed on a Dionex DX 500 Ion Chromatograph using the Fishman 

and Friedman analytical method (1989). All samples were undiluted. Instrumental drift was 

corrected for by analyzing blanks and standards between sample sets.
Alkalinity by Gran Titration

Alkalinity was determined by an HC1 titration, as outlined by Gran (1952). The titration 

was done in a reaction flask with a stopper. The stopper contained an inlet line for HC1, a vent, 

and a glass reference electrode. During the titration, the contents of the reaction flask were kept 

at 25 °C in a water bath and agitated by a magnetic stir bar. HC1 (0.5 M) was added to a known 

volume of sample in the vented reaction flask. The amount of acid added and the change in 

potential from the glass reference electrode were entered in a calculator program. The program 

"Alkreg" written by Larry Schemel calculated the end point of the titration. The end point 

corresponds to the stoichiometric equivalence point for the neutralization of all bases present, 

primarily carbonate species.

Specific Conductance

Conductivity was measured with a Cole-Parmer model 19820-00 conductivity meter. 

Samples were kept at 25 °C in a water bath during measurement. Instrumental drift was 

corrected for by analyzing blanks and standards between sample sets. Specific conductance was 

calculated by adjusting conductivity measurements taken at 25 °C with the results of a standard 

curve (Shelton, 1994).

Total Suspended Solids Concentration

The total suspended solids concentration was determined in the laboratory. During the 

collection-day processing the first filter used for each site was preweighed, this filter received 

300 ml of water sample. The filter was then stored in a desiccator and weighed biweekly to a 

constant weight. The TSS concentration was calculated by dividing the increased weight of the 

filter by 300 ml. Values are reported to +/- 0.1 mg/L, based on the accuracy of the analytical 

balance.
DATA DESCRIPTION

Temporal and spatial variability was documented in the data collected from Permanente 

and Saratoga Creeks. Table 1 and figure 2 display discharge variability. Temporal variability is 

displayed in figures 3 through 11. Spatial variability is displayed in figures 12 through 20. Water 

quality data are presented in tables 2 through 18. Ion and total suspended solids concentrations 

are presented in milligrams per liter (mg/L), alkalinity in milliequivalents per liter (meq/L), pH in 

pH units, specific conductance in microsemens per centimeter (us/cm), and temperature in 

degrees Celsius (°C). The appropriate number of significant digits used to present data 

throughout this report were based on the precision and reliability of the methods used for 

analyses.

Discharge Variability

Discharge varied throughout the water year, often changing quickly during storms (fig. 2). 

Table 1 and figure 2 illustrate discharge level as samples were taken. Peak flow in Permanente 

Creek was 162 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) while the median was 6.95 ft3 /s. Peak flow in 

Saratoga Creek was 543 ft3/s while the median was 1.7 ftVs.

Surface flow was present in the creeks during each sampling period at all sites, except for 

at PR2 on October 1, 1996, August 15, 1997, and September 19, 1997. Discharge was zero at 

the Permanente gage on these dates. The stage at PR3 was noted to usually be lower and to not 

fluctuate as much between site visits as at PR2 or PR1.

Temporal Variability

Analyte concentrations at SA3 and PR1 varied throughout the water year. Figures 3 

through 11 display a generally negative relationship between discharge and analyte 

concentration. PR1 data was used for these plots because the site is downstream from the 

confluence of Permanente and West Fork Permanente Creek and nearest to the Permanente 

Creek gaging station. SA3 data was used for these plots because the site is downstream from the 

confluence of Booker and Me Elroy Creek with Saratoga Creek, upstream from the impact of 

urbanization on Saratoga Creek (fig. 1), and nearest to the Saratoga Creek gaging station.

7
Spatial Variability

Figures 12 through 20 display points for all water year 1997 water quality data at each 

site, with lines of: median data values for the water year, median data values for the high flow 

periods of the water year (November 20, 1996 through March 3, 1997), and median data values 

for the base flow periods of the water year (October 1, 1996 through November 19, 1996 and 

March 4, 1997 through September 30, 1997).

In Saratoga Creek the median values for specific conductance, alkalinity, sulfate, 

calcium and magnesium concentrations increase from SA6 to SA5, decrease from SA5 to SA4, 

increase from SA4 downstream through SA2, then sharply drop by SAL Median values for 

sodium and chloride follow a spatial pattern similar to the other constituents in Saratoga Creek; 

however, values increase in concentration from SA2 downstream to SAL High-flow median 

values tend to be lower and change less between sites than water year median values. Low-flow 

median values tend to be higher and change more between sites than water year median values.
REFERENCES

Fishman, MJ. and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic

substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 5, chap. Al, 545 p.

Gran, Gunnar, 1952, Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations, Part II: 

The Analyst, v. 77, p. 661-61 \.

Nolan, K.M. and Hill, B.R., 1989, Effects of limestone quarrying and cement-plant

operations on runoff and sediment yields in the upper Permanente Creek basin, Santa 

Clara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-4130, 48 p.

Shelton, L.R., 1994, Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the

National Water-Quality Assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

94-455, 40 p.

Ward, J.R. and Harr, C.A., 1990, Methods for collection and processing of surface-water

and bed-material samples for physical and chemical analysis: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 90-140, 71 p.
122° 6'

37° 20'

37° 18'

37° 16'

122° 4'

INTERSTATE 280

122° 2' 122°0'

STUDYAREA

A = SAMPLING SITE

SAN JOSE

1 KM

1 MILE

Figure 1. Location of study area

10
Table 1. Permanente and Saratoga Creek discharge on sampling dates 

[ftVs, cubic feet per second ]

Date

10/1/96

10/24/96

11/5/96

11/20/96

12/3/96

12/12/96

1/2/97

1/13/97

1/27/97

2/5/97

3/3/97

4/1/97

5/2/97

6/10/97

7/8/97

8/15/97

9/18/97

Permanente Creek

Discharge (ftVs)

0

0

0

2.2

0.28

9.8

142

16

86

29

12

9.4

13

0.15

0

0

0

Saratoga Creek

Discharge (ftVs)

1.5

1.6

1.6

6.5

0.47

32

349

17

139

33

8.3

2.8

1.6

3.2

0.61

0.49

0.16

11
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discharge 

discharge

o Sample date

9 1/2/97

0

9/1/96 11/30/96 2/28/97

Date

5/29/97 8/27/97 11/25/97

Figure 2. Permanente and Saratoga Creek hydrograph for water year 1997
600

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

PR1 pH 

SA3 pH

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 

Date

8.3 

8.2 

8.1 

8.0 

7.9 

7.8 

7.7 

7.6 

7.5

9/27/97

i

Q.

Figure 3. Temporal variability of pH at PR1 and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

pRi temperature 

SA3 temperature______

20

8

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 

Date

4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

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Figure 4. Temporal variability of temperature at PR1 and SA3, hydrograph

of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

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PR1 chloride concentration 

SA3 chloride concentration

0

-- 40

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-- 20

0

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

Date

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Figure 5. Temporal variability of chloride concentration at PR1 and SA3, 

hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

PR1 specific conductance 

SA3 specific conductance

1000

600

400

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

Date

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Figure 6. Temporal variability of specific conductance at PR1 and SA3, 

hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

PR1 alkalinity 

SA3 alkalinity

0

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 

Date

0

9/27/97

CD

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1

Figure 7. Temporal variability of alkalinity at PR1 and SA3, hydrograph of

Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

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°* PR1 sulfate concentration 

SA3 sulfate concentration

- 200

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8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97

300

100

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3/11/97 

Date

0

4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

Figure 8. Temporal variability of sulfate concentration at PR1 and SA3, 

hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
CO

600

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

PR1 calcium concentration 

calcium concentration

120

-- 40

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8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 

Date

4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

D)

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a.

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Figure 9. Temporal variability of calcium concentration at PR1 and SA3, 

hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

/

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c 

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co 400

V 

CD 

CL "CD 

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 £ 200 +

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Permanente Creek discharge 

Saratoga Creek discharge 

PR1 magnesium concentration 

SA3 magnesium concentration

 A*

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40

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03

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0

Figure 10. Temporal variability of magnesium concentration at PR1 and 

SA3, hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
600

IV)

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C/D

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O

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400 --

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 Permanente Creek discharge

------ Saratoga Creek discharge

 °" PR1 sodium concentration 

SA3 sodium concentration

40

D)

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CD 

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2 

20.^

0

" * g* CO

CD 

O

c

O

O

8/23/96 10/12/96 12/1/96 1/20/97 3/11/97 4/30/97 6/19/97 8/8/97 9/27/97

Date

Figure 11. Temporal variability of sodium concentration at PR1 and SA3, 

hydrograph of Permanente and Saratoga Creeks
9

Median pH for WY 97 

Median pH for high-flow period 

Median pH for low-flow period

pH_______________

X

X

X 

X

X

x 

x

7

DC 

Q_

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CC DC

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Sampling Sites

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Figure 12. Spatial variability of pH

22
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Temperature, 

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"a** * Median temperature for WY 97 

 Median temperature for high-flow period

------ Median temperature for low-flow period 

x Temperature

X

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Figure 13. Spatial variability of Temperature

23
60

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Median chloride concentration for WY 97 

Median chloride concentration for high-flow period 

Median chloride concentration for low-flow period 

Chloride concentration

X 

X

CM 

DC 

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X 

X

CO

DC 

CL

X 

X 

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C/D V)

Sampling Sites

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C/D

Figure 14. Spatial variability of chloride concentration

24
1000 -.

^

.0

CO

S 800 -

CD

E

"c

CD

O

CD

Q.

co 600 -

c

CD

E

CD

CO

2

_o

c 400 -

CD~ 

O

C

05

O

T3C"

O 0200 ^uu -

.0

"o

o

Q.

CO

0 -

 Median specific conductance for WY 97

 Median specific conductance for high-flow period

...... Median specific conductance for low-flow period 

x Specific conductance

X g

* x

X^gS

--^m g

x ^ vl

\ o

X M?

v x x X

X X

x x\ x

X

^

x M^ ^

 *jX^ X ~* G"

X X *^^^ * x X *a4 %x

x '^r x ^C« ''J*V!N x

g^r x ^V jr ^x

x^x\, S/X" 

^^s^x"^ x x

x x S^

X X ^ w

* X S x

x x x x

X X

X

X

i- CM CO T-CMCO^lOCQ

OC DC DC ^ <£ *^ <^ ^ «^ Q.DLCL cocococococo

Sampling Sites 

Figure 15. Spatial variability of specific conductance

25
8

Median alkalinity for WY 97 

Medjan alkaljnjty for high-flow period 

Median alkalinity for low-flow period 

Alkalinity_______________

* 

x

£"6

t_ 

CD

CD 

Q_

c 

"TO 4

.CD

1

C

>i

0

cc

DL

DC 

CL

CO

or

Q_

i- CM CO

< < <

CO CO CO

Sampling Sites

LO

<

CD 

<

OD

Figure 16. Spatial variability of alkalinity

26
31 CQ"

c

Q>Q)

fi) * * <DOO (D

Concentration, in Milligrams per Liter (mg/L)

o o

o 

o

PR1

PR2PR3

O) 03

SA1

CD

SA2 

SA3 

SA4 SA4 SAG

XX X 

X X XXX

XX

XX

COo 

o

E.CD CD CD 

9:9: 

03 03

~Ti ^""__ ^~ ^~

o oToToT CD « * * « 

13 CD CD CD

!§§§ o'o o 

o

13 CD CD CD

03i i- « t- 1 i- o'o'o"

13 D 13

*

CD
140

120 -

O)

E

r 100

<D

0) 

Q_

C/) 

03

80

60 --

40

20 -

0

 °* Median calcium concentration for WY 97

 Median calcium concentration for high-flow period

- - - - Median calcium concentration for low-flow period 

x Calcium concentration

T 

DC

Q_

CM

or

CL

CO

CL

CL

T 

<

C/D

CM

<

CO

CO

<

CO

"3-

<

CO

in

<

CO

CD

<

CO

Sampling Sites 

Figure 18. Spatial variability of calcium concentration

28
60

O)

£ 40 --

O)

T3 20 --

0

Median magnesium concentration for WY 97 

Median magnesium concentration for high-flow period 

Median magnesium concentration for low-flow period 

Magnesium concentration

DC 

o_

CM 

DC 

Q_

CO 

DC 

CL

CM 

CO

Sampling Sites

<

C/D

CO

<

CO CO

LO

<

CO

CD

<

CO

Figure 19. Spatial variability of magnesium concentration

29
50

40

O)

CD

Q. 

to

CO 

O)

30 -

20

0)

o

c

O 10

0

******* Median sodium concentration for WY 97

 Median sodium concentration for high-flow period

- - - - Median sodium concentration for low-flow period 

x Sodium concentration

X 

X

*

DC 

DL

CM 

DC 

CL

CO

DC 

CL

<

C/)

CM 

<

CO

<

CO 0)

m

<

C/D

Sampling Sites

CD

<

0)

Figure 20. Spatial variability of sodium concentration

30
Table 2. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

October 1, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT

pH

TEMP (C)

COND (US/cm)

TSS

ALK

Cl

SO4

Ca

Mg

Na

(mg/L)

(meq/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

PRl

7.99

13.8

950

0.0

5.98

45

154

92

50

36

PR2 * PR3

7.54

13.9

 800

0.0

 6.90

30

54

77

49

27

SA1

8.72

20.0

420 5

0.0

1.75

51

37

23

13

40

SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

8.72 8.03 8.30 8.24 8.04 8.11

13.6 12.5 14.3 12.6 13.5

50 470 360 540 430

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.86 2.57 3.65 

28 19 11 29 11

49 47 33 54 43

64 62 40 72 60

19 14 12 12 11

27 20 14 26 17

Table 3. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

October 24, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.91 8.02 7.52 8.44 7.67 8.22 8.11 8.26 8.11

TEMP (C) 13.2 15.4 13.8 19.0 15.4 10.3 10.3 11.2 12.3

COND (US/cm) 880 870 760 420 530 480 320 530 430

TSS (mg/L) 3.0 0.7 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 5.83 5.38 7.03 1.48 3.98 3.42 3.68 3.33

Cl (mg/L) 47 52 30 58 30 20 11 30 12

S04 (mg/L) 158 166 57 37 48 47 31 54 43

72 59

12 11

26 18

31

Ca (mg/L)

Mg (mg/L)

Na (mg/L)

97

49

37

108

41

31

81

49

29

19

12

44

65

19

28

62

14

21

40

11

14
Table 4. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

November 5, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 SITE _____________________________

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.97 8.01 7.57 8.28 7.89 8.07 7.82 8.17 7.84

TEMP (C) 10.9 12.5 11.4 16.4 9.8 8.2 8.9 8.7 9.0

COND (uS/crn) 880 890 780 410 550 480 380 520 440

TSS (mg/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 5.70 5.35 7.10 1.47 3.97 3.42 2.63 3.62 3.32

Cl (mg/L) 49 55 32 57 32 20 12 30 12

S04 (mg/L) 160 180 61 34 51 50 39 55 45

Ca (mg/L)

Mg (mg/L)

Na (mg/L)

98

49

35

110

49

31

81

51

28

18

11

43

65

19

28

63

14

21

46

13

15

71

12

26

61

11

17

Table 5. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

November 20, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 SITE _____________________________

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.69 7.83 7.39 8.22 7.84 7.81 8.03 8.23 8.02

TEMP (C) 13.4 12.7 12.5 13.5 14.9 11.2 11.0 12.3 11.6

COND (US/cm) 900 910 820 470 480 440 390 430 440

TSS (mg/L) 2.3 5.0 0.0 4.3 2.0 3.0 0 9.7 3.0

ALK (meq/L) 4.00 3.53 7.05 3.04 3.16 2.85 2.57 2.76 3.15

Cl (mg/L)

S04 (mg/L) 250

Ca (mg/L)

Mg (mg/L)

Na (mg/L)

32

48

250

110

43

29

48

280

110

42

27

33

76

74

53

30

25

54

55

15

23

23

55

58

15

23

16

54

56

14

17

12

49

47

12

14

19

49

56

9.5

19

13

51

61

13

17
Table 6. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

December 3, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.17 8.07 7.80 8.38 7.65 8.26 8.20 8.02 8.04

TEMP (C) 9.1 8.9 9.6 14.1 10.7 6.7 9.0 9.1 8.1

COND (US/cm) 940 940 690 430 620 480 390 490 430

TSS (mg/L) 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 4.91 4.71 7.05 1.95 4.33 3.20 2.63 3.34 3.16

Cl (mg/L) 51 52 33 44 36 17 12 23 13

S04 (mg/L) 230 250 71 35 60 52 44 52 48

Ca (mg/L) 97 110 82 23 71 58 46 67 58

Mg (mg/L) 48 46 52 14 24 13 13 11 11

Na (mg/L) 32 32 28 34 30 30 15 23 17

Table 7. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

December 12, 1996 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 ___ ____ __ OJ..L.CI CTTTi1 

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.05 8.01 7.47 8.16 7.88 8.12 8.09 7.99 7.96

TEMP (C) 13.4 14.3 14.0 13.7 12.7 11.7 11.5 11.4 12.4

COND (US/cm) 770 790 800 340 340 310 290 270 310

TSS (mg/L) 340 300 0.0 40 34 30 14 27 9.0

ALK (meq/L) 3.68 3.58 7.89 3.00 2.50 2.26 2.18 1.93 2.92

Cl (mg/L) 35 34 35 12 11 8.5 7.3 8.3 9.3

S04 (mg/L) 240 250 95 34 33 32 27 27 36

Ca (mg/L) 100 100 86 38 36 35 31 31 48

Mg (mg/L) 36 36 52 12 9.9 8.2 9.7 5.7 8.6

Na (mg/L) 25 24 31 14 14 11 11 10 13

33
Table 8. Measurements from Permanerite and Saratoga Creek

January 2, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.99 8.04 7.85 8.04 7.78 7.49 7.87 7.45 6.94

TEMP (C) 12.2 16.7 13.2 12.0 12.1 11.1 10.5 13.7 10.7

COND (uS/cm) 590 660 500 270 270 260 220 180 250

TSS (mg/L) 500 750 76 510 320 250 160 130 45

ALK (meq/L) 4.58 4.85 1.91 1.88 1.73 1.47 1.45 1.88

Cl (mg/L) 18 16 17 7.6 6.8 5.8 5.4 5.7 6.5

S04 (mg/L) 120 160 19 20 19 21 15 20 19

Ca (mg/L) 77 90 42 25 26 24 19 22 28

Mg (mg/L) 31 31 30 7.6 7.3 6.2 5.2 4.3 5.1

Na (mg/L) 17 15 15 9.2 8.8 7.8 7.1 7.2 8.0

Table 9. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

January 13, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 SITE _____________________________

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.1 8.15 7.87 8.13 7.92 8.10 7.99 7.99 7.94

TEMP (C) 10.0 8.0 10.7 5.7 7.1 5.9 9.5 5.4 7.2

COND (uS/cm) 860 880 700 460 460 430 370 430 420

TSS (mg/L) 17 36 2.3 6.7 9.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 5.44 4.85 6.56 3.19 3.12 2.89 2.51 2.68 2.94

Cl (mg/L) 26 26 24 14 12 9.8 8.5 11 9.3

S04 (mg/L) 160 190 28 41 40 41 30 45 36

Ca (mg/L) 94 100 58 48 48 44 36 46 46

Mg (mg/L) 36 34 42 13 12 10 9.2 8.5 8.1

Na (mg/L) 22 23 19 14 14 12 10 12 12

34
Table 10. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

January 27, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 SITE _____________________________

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.14 8.17 7.90 7.92 7.78 7.83 7.47 7.51 7.67

TEMP (C) 11.9 12.1 11.9 11.8 11.2 11.1 10.8 11.1 11.0

COND (US/cm) 690 770 550 330 320 310 270 290 320

TSS (mg/L) 270 270 140 210 130 68 110 27 30

ALK (meq/L) 4.52 5.11 4.80 2.14 2.08 1.94 1.64 1.69 2.07

Cl

SO4

Ca

Mg

Na

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

18

96

70

30

18

20

150

89

30

19

13

17

42

32

14

7.8

23

27

8.0

9.6

7.0

22

27

8.0

9.0

6

23

27

7

8

.2

.1

.2

5

17

21

5

7

.5

.9

.5

6.1

25

27

5.2

7.8

6.9

22

30

5.6

8.2

Table 11. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

February 5, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 ___ SITE--- ------ --- -_

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.18 8.17 8.09 8.16 8.07 8.16 8.17 8.06 8.06

TEMP (C) 10.4 10.3 10.7 9.9 9.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 9.7

COND (uS/crn) 710 740 610 440 410 390 340 390 380

TSS (mg/L) 34 63 16 38 130 260 9.3 1100 6.0

ALK (meq/L) 5.60 5.01 6.10 3.19 3.07 2.82 2.43 2.41 2.82

Cl (mg/L) 17 16 16 13 11 9.3 8.1 10 9.0

S04 (mg/L) 100 150 22 38 38 38 28 45 35

Ca (mg/L) 85 100 51 49 47 46 38 49

Mg (mg/L) 35 32 38 13 12 10 9.0 7.8

Na (mg/L) 18 16 17 14 14 12 11 13

35
Table 12. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

March 3, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PR1 PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.03 8.09 7.95 8.64 8.36 8.17 8.12 7.88 7.80

TEMP (C) 9.6 9.2 10.3 9.7 7.4 6.9 6.9 7.0 8.1

COND (US/cm) 880 930 670 500 480 450 390 470 440

TSS (mg/L) 2.0 3.7 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.7 0.0 2.7 2.7

ALK (meq/L) 4.44 3.86 3.17 2.91 2.47 2.84 2.82

Cl (mg/L) 21 19 21 18 14 11 9.2 13 11

S04 (mg/L) 220 280 30 48 47 47 34 56 43

Ca (mg/L) 103 133 61 46 55 53 43 60 56

Mg (mg/L) 38 35 42 17 15 13 11 10 9.8

Na (mg/L) 20 19 19 18 16 14 12 15 13

Table 13. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

April I, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 8.05 8.01 7.52 8.56 7.97 7.99 7.98 8.12 7.86

TEMP (C) 11.3 10.8 12.0 15.2 10.4 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.7

COND (uS/cm) 660 890 640 530 540 490 410 510 460

TSS (mg/L) 2.3 3.3 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.7 0.0 3.3 2.7

ALK (meq/L) 5.06 4.39 6.04 2.61 3.61 3.12 2.61 3.09 2.98

Cl (mg/L) 28 26 24 42 19 12 9.2 15 11

S04 (mg/L) 150 200 35 42 49 48 36 58 44

Ca (mg/L) 98 108 64 42 60 58 45 64 58

Mg (mg/L) 41 37 44 15 18 13 12 11 10

Na (mg/L) 24 22 21 32 19 15 13 17 14

36
Table 14. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

May 2, 1997 

Site locations,-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT PR1 PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SAB SA6

pH 7.79 7.81 7.55 8.34 7.79 7.86 7.93 8.11 8.01

TEMP (C) 12.8 12.6 12.1 16.2 11.4 9.6 9.8 9.5 10.1

COND (US/cm) 860 860 730 570 500 400 550 490

TSS (mg/L) 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.7 2.0

ALK (meq/L) 5.20 4.64 6.08 1.76 3.62 3.09 2.41 3.29 3.09

Cl (mg/L) 31 30 25 53 20 13 9.0 18 11

S04 (mg/L) 130 150 39 36 48 46 32 57 45

Ca (mg/L) 89 97 66 26 60 55 40 65 58

Mg (mg/L) 41 38 43 12 18 13 11 11 11

Na (mg/L) 26 24 21 39 20 16 12 19 15

Table 15. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

June 10, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

	__ SITE . 

MEASUREMENT PR1 PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.82 7.73 7.47 8.83 7.93 8.08 8.10 8.04 8.00

TEMP (C) 15.3 16.4 14.1 20.0 15.7 15.0 14.3 14.0 13.5

COND (uS/cm) 850 840 720 420 500 450 350 490 420

TSS (mg/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 4.25 3.80 5.19 1.57 3.01 2.73 2.13 2.87 2.63

Cl (mg/L) 37 37 25 48 21 15 10 21 11

S04 (mg/L) 150 170 46 38 48 48 31 56 44

Ca (mg/L) 92 97 71 29 60 60 42 69 60

Mg (mg/L) 43 39 44 12 17 14 12 12 11

Na (mg/L) 30 29 23 37 22 18 13 21 16

37
Table 16. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

July 8, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

 SITE __ 

MEASUREMENT PR1 PR2 PR3 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.67 7.96 7.36 8.59 7.66 8.15 8.03 8.13 7.94

TEMP (C) 15.6 16.4 15.0 25.9 18.6 15.4 15.3 15.5 15.9

COND (uS/cm) 850 820 710 300 520 420 300 490 420

TSS (mg/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ALK (meq/L) 4.62 4.11 5.29 0.99 3.21 2.61 1.93 2.98 2.67

Cl (mg/L) 39 41 27 40 28 15 9.2 24 11

S04 (mg/L) 150 160 49 25 48 45 29 56 44

Ca (mg/L) 96 110 74 17 62 58 38 72 60

Mg (mg/L) 47 38 45 8.8 20 13 10 12 11

Na (mg/L) 33 29 26 30 27 18 13 23 17

Table 17. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

August 15, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

MEASUREMENT

pH

TEMP (C)

COND (uS/cm)

TSS

ALK

Cl

S04

Ca

Mg

(mg/L)

(meq/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

(mg/L)

PR1

8.01

16.3

900

0.0

4.69

43

150

81

50

PR2 PR3

--- 7.49

15.7

 740

0.0

5.36

--- 28

52

61

 45

SA1

8.42

23.9

300

0.0

0.96

34

23

15

9.7

- O.L J.JCJ '

SA2

7.75

21.5

550

0.0

3.29

31

47

54

20

SA3

8.26

16.5

460

0.0

2.74

18

45

51

14

SA4

7.97

16.1

330

0.0

2.04

9.8

29

33

11

SA5

8.23

16.4

530

0.0

3.06

28

56

61

13

SA6

7

16

430

0

2

12

42

51

11

.95

.7

.0

.76

Na (mg/L) 34 26 27 28 20 14 26 18

* AT PR2 PERMANENTE CREEK WAS FLOWING ONLY THROUGH THE STREAMBED, 

NO SAMPLE TAKEN

38
Table 18. Measurements from Permanente and Saratoga Creek

September 19, 1997 

Site locations.-- See Figure 1. and Description of Study Area

_ --SITE 

MEASUREMENT PRl PR2 PR3 SAl SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6

pH 7.92 7.29 8.55 7.50 8.01 7.82 8.04 7.78

TEMP (C) 16.0 15.4 21.6 18.3 15.1 14.7 14.5 14.6

COND (uS/cm) 910 760 300 560 450 330 530 420

TSS (meq/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

ALK (mg/L)

Cl (mg/L)

S04 (mg/L)

Ca (mg/L)

Mg (mg/L)

Na (mg/L)

* AT PR2 PERMANENTE CREEK WAS FLOWING ONLY THROUGH THE STREAMBED, 

NO SAMPLE TAKEN

4.75

47

160

83

51

35

5.56

29

54

65

48

--- 26

1.73

19

27

20

14

21

3.37

34

47

54

21

28

---

20

45

53

14

20

2.05

10

29

34

11

14

3.12

31

55

64

13

39

2

13

42

51

12

18

39