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[Congressional Bills 106th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1368 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

106th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1368

 To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
     1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native 
  biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to designate 
  certain Federal land as ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
   protection areas, special areas, and Federal boundary areas where 
         logging and other intrusive activities are prohibited.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 14, 1999

Mr. Torricelli (for himself, Mr. Kerry, and Mr. Cleland) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                      Energy and Natural Resources

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
     1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native 
  biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to designate 
  certain Federal land as ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
   protection areas, special areas, and Federal boundary areas where 
         logging and other intrusive activities are prohibited.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Act to Save 
America's Forests''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.
                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

Sec. 101. Committee of scientists.
Sec. 102. Administration and management.
Sec. 103. Conforming amendments.
  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
      PROTECTION AREAS, SPECIAL AREAS, AND FEDERAL BOUNDARY AREAS

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Definitions.
Sec. 203. Designation of special areas.
Sec. 204. Restrictions on management activities in ancient forests, 
                            roadless areas, watershed protection areas, 
                            special areas, and Federal boundary areas.
                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 301. In general.
Sec. 302. Effect on existing contracts.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) Federal agencies that engage in even-age logging 
        practices include the Forest Service, the United States Fish 
        and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau 
        of Indian Affairs, and the Departments of the Army, Navy, and 
        Air Force;
            (2) even-age logging causes substantial alterations in 
        native biodiversity by--
                    (A) emphasizing the production of a limited number 
                of commercial species, and often only a single species, 
                of trees on each site;
                    (B) manipulating the vegetation toward greater 
                relative density of the commercial species;
                    (C) suppressing competing species; and
                    (D) requiring the planting, on numerous sites, of a 
                commercial strain of the species that reduces the 
                relative diversity of other genetic strains of the 
                species that were traditionally located on the same 
                sites;
            (3) even-age logging--
                    (A) frequently leads to the death of immobile 
                species and the very young of mobile species of 
                wildlife; and
                    (B) depletes the habitat of deep-forest species of 
                animals, including endangered species and threatened 
                species;
            (4) even-age logging--
                    (A) exposes the soil to direct sunlight and the 
                impact of precipitation;
                    (B) disrupts the soil surface;
                    (C) compacts organic layers; and
                    (D) disrupts the run-off restraining capabilities 
                of roots and low-lying vegetation, resulting in soil 
                erosion, the leaching of nutrients, a reduction in the 
                biological content of soil, and the impoverishment of 
                soil;
            (5) all of the consequences described in paragraph (4) have 
        a long-range deleterious effect on all land resources, 
        including timber production;
            (6) even-age logging aggravates global warming by--
                    (A) decreasing the capability of the soil to retain 
                carbon; and
                    (B) during the critical periods of felling and site 
                preparation, reducing the capacity of the biomass to 
                process and to store carbon, with a resultant loss of 
                stored carbon to the atmosphere;
            (7) even-age logging renders soil increasingly sensitive to 
        acid deposits by causing a decline of soil wood and coarse 
        woody debris;
            (8) a decline of solid wood and coarse woody debris reduces 
        the capacity of soil to retain water and nutrients, which in 
        turn increases soil heat and impairs soil's ability to maintain 
        protective carbon compounds on the soil surface;
            (9) even-age logging results in--
                    (A) increased stream sedimentation and the silting 
                of stream bottoms;
                    (B) a decline in water quality;
                    (C) the impairment of life cycles and spawning 
                processes of aquatic life from benthic organisms to 
                large fish; and
                    (D) as a result of the effects described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), a depletion of the sport 
                and commercial fisheries of the United States;
            (10) even-age logging increases harmful secondary effects, 
        including blowdowns, invasions by weed species, and heavier 
        losses to predators and competitors;
            (11) by reducing the number of deep, canopied, variegated, 
        permanent forests, even-age logging--
                    (A) limits areas where the public can satisfy an 
                expanding need for recreation; and
                    (B) decreases the recreational value of land;
            (12) even-age logging replaces forests described in 
        paragraph (11) with a surplus of clearings that grow into 
        relatively impenetrable thickets of saplings, and then into 
        monoculture tree plantations;
            (13) human beings depend on native biological resources, 
        including plants, animals, and micro-organisms, for food, 
        medicine, shelter, and other important products, and as a 
        source of intellectual and scientific knowledge, recreation, 
        and aesthetic pleasure;
            (14) alteration of native biodiversity has serious 
        consequences for human welfare, as demonstrated by the 
        irretrievable loss to the United States of resources for 
        research and agricultural, medicinal, and industrial 
        development;
            (15) alteration of biodiversity in Federal forests 
        adversely affects the functions of ecosystems and critical 
        ecosystem processes that moderate climate, govern nutrient 
        cycles and soil conservation and production, control pests and 
        diseases, and degrade wastes and pollutants;
            (16) the negative impact of even-age logging on the natural 
        resources of the United States and the quality of life of the 
        people of the United States is substantial, severe, and 
        avoidable;
            (17) by substituting selection management, as prescribed in 
        this Act, for the even-age system, the Federal agencies with 
        jurisdiction over even-age logging would substantially reduce 
        devastation to the environment and improve the quality of life 
        of the people of the United States;
            (18) by protecting native biodiversity, as prescribed in 
        this Act, Federal agencies would maintain vital native 
        ecosystems and improve the quality of life of the people of the 
        United States;
            (19) selection logging--
                    (A) is more job intensive, and therefore provides 
                more employment than even-age logging to manage the 
                same quantity of timber production; and
                    (B) produces higher quality sawlogs than even-age 
                logging; and
            (20) the court remedies available to enforce Federal forest 
        laws are inadequate, and should be strengthened by providing 
        for injunctions, declaratory judgments, statutory damages, and 
        reasonable costs of suit.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are, on all Federal land, 
to conserve native biodiversity and protect all native ecosystems 
against losses that result from--
            (1) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging; and
            (2) logging in ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
        protection areas, special areas, and Federal boundary areas.

                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

SEC. 101. COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.

    Section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning 
Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604) is amended by striking subsection (h) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(h) Committee of Scientists.--
            ``(1) In general.--To carry out subsection (g), the 
        Secretary shall appoint a committee composed of scientists 
        that--
                    ``(A) are not officers or employees of the Forest 
                Service, of any other public entity, or of any entity 
                engaged in whole or in part in the production of wood 
                or wood products; and
                    ``(B) have not contracted with or represented any 
                entity described in subparagraph (A) during the 5-year 
                period ending on the date of the proposed appointment 
                to the committee.
            ``(2) Duties.--The committee shall provide scientific and 
        technical advice and counsel on proposed guidelines and 
        procedures and all other issues involving forestry and native 
        biodiversity to promote an effective interdisciplinary approach 
        to forestry and native biodiversity.
            ``(3) Termination.--The committee shall terminate on the 
        date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of the Act to 
        Save America's Forests.''

SEC. 102. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT.

    The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 
is amended by adding after section 6 (16 U.S.C. 160l-8) the following:

``SEC. 6A. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BIODIVERSITY.

    ``(a) Applicability.--This section applies to the administration 
and management of--
            ``(1) National Forest System land, under this Act;
            ``(2) Federal land, under the Federal Land Policy and 
        Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.);
            ``(3) National Wildlife Refuge System land, under the 
        National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 
        U.S.C. 668dd et seq.);
            ``(4) Indian land, under the National Indian Forest 
        Resources Management Act (25 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.); and
            ``(5) military land, under chapter 159 of title 10, United 
        States Code.
    ``(b) Native Biodiversity in Forested Areas.--The Secretary shall 
provide for the conservation or restoration of native biodiversity in 
each stand and each watershed throughout each forested area, except 
during the extraction stage of authorized mineral development or during 
authorized construction projects, in which cases the Secretary shall 
conserve native biodiversity to the maximum extent practicable.
    ``(c) Restriction on Use of Certain Logging Practices.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Age diversity.--The term `age diversity' 
                means the naturally occurring range and distribution of 
                age classes within a given species.
                    ``(B) Basal area.--The term `basal area' means the 
                area of the cross section of a tree stem, including the 
                bark, at 4.5 feet above the ground.
                    ``(C) Clearcutting.--The term `clearcutting' means 
                an even-age logging operation that removes all of the 
                trees over a substantial portion of a stand at 1 time, 
                as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(D) Conservation.--The term `conservation' means 
                protective measures for maintaining native biodiversity 
                and active and passive measures for restoring diversity 
                through management efforts, in order to protect, 
                restore, and enhance as much of the variety of species 
                and communities as practicable in abundances and 
                distributions that provide for their continued 
                existence and normal functioning, including the 
                viability of populations throughout their natural 
                geographic distributions.
                    ``(E) Even-age logging operation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `even-age 
                        logging operation' means any logging activity 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) creates a clearing or opening 
                                that exceeds in width in any direction 
                                the height of the tallest tree standing 
                                within 10 feet outside the edge of the 
                                clearing or opening;
                                    ``(II) creates a stand where the 
                                majority of trees are within 10 years 
                                of the same age; or
                                    ``(III) cuts or removes more than 
                                20 percent of the basal area of a stand 
                                within 30 years.
                            ``(ii) Inclusion.--The term `even-age 
                        logging operation' includes the application of 
                        clearcutting, seed-tree cutting, shelterwood 
                        cutting, or any other logging method in a 
                        manner inconsistent with selection management.
                    ``(F) Genetic diversity.--The term `genetic 
                diversity' means the differences in genetic composition 
                within and among populations of a species.
                    ``(G) Native biodiversity.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `native 
                        biodiversity' means--
                                    ``(I) the full range of variety and 
                                variability within and among living 
                                organisms; and
                                    ``(II) the ecological complexes in 
                                which the living organisms would have 
                                occurred in the absence of significant 
                                human impact.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--The term `native 
                        biodiversity' includes diversity--
                                    ``(I) within a species (including 
                                genetic diversity, species diversity, 
                                and age diversity);
                                    ``(II) within a community of 
                                species;
                                    ``(III) between communities of 
                                species;
                                    ``(IV) within a total area, such as 
                                a watershed;
                                    ``(V) along a vertical plane from 
                                ground to sky, including application of 
                                the plant to all the other types of 
                                diversity; and
                                    ``(VI) along the horizontal plane 
                                of the earth-surface, including 
                                application of the plane to all the 
                                other types of diversity.
                    ``(H) Seed-tree cut.--The term `seed-tree cut' 
                means an even-age logging operation that leaves a small 
                minority of seed trees in a stand for any period of 
                time.
                    ``(I) Selection management.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `selection 
                        management' means--
                                    ``(I) a method of logging that 
                                emphasizes the periodic removal of 
                                trees, including mature, undesirable, 
                                and cull trees, in a manner that 
                                ensures--
                                            ``(aa) the maintenance of 
                                        continuous high forest cover 
                                        where high forest cover 
                                        naturally occurs;
                                            ``(bb) the maintenance or 
                                        natural regeneration of all 
                                        native species in a stand; and
                                            ``(cc) the growth and 
                                        development of trees through a 
                                        range of diameter or age 
                                        classes to provide a sustained 
                                        yield of forest products; and
                                    ``(II) cutting methods that develop 
                                and maintain selection stands, 
                                including--
                                            ``(aa) individual-tree 
                                        selection, in which individual 
                                        trees of varying size and age 
                                        classes are selected and logged 
                                        in a generally uniform pattern 
                                        throughout a stand; and
                                            ``(bb) group selection, in 
                                        which small groups of trees are 
                                        selected and logged.
                            ``(ii) Exclusion.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Subject to 
                                subclause (II), the term `selection 
                                management' does not include an even-
                                age logging operation.
                                    ``(II) Felling age; native 
                                biodiversity.--Subclause (I) does not--
                                            ``(aa) establish a 150-year 
                                        projected felling age as the 
                                        standard at which individual 
                                        trees in a stand are to be cut; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) limit native 
                                        biodiversity to that which 
                                        occurs within the context of a 
                                        150-year projected felling age.
                    ``(J) Shelterwood cut.--The term `shelterwood cut' 
                means an even-age logging operation that leaves--
                            ``(i) a minority of the stand (larger than 
                        a seed-tree cut) as a seed source; or
                            ``(ii) a protection cover remaining 
                        standing for any period of time.
                    ``(K) Species diversity.--The term `species 
                diversity' means the richness and variety of native 
                species in a particular location.
                    ``(L) Stand.--The term `stand' means a biological 
                community of not to exceed 100 acres with enough 
                identity by location, topography, or dominant species 
                to be managed as a unit.
                    ``(M) Timber purposes.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `timber 
                        purposes' means the use, sale, lease, or 
                        distribution of trees, including the felling of 
                        trees or portions of trees.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--The term `timber 
                        purposes' does not include the felling of trees 
                        of portions of trees to create land space for a 
                        structure or other use.
                    ``(N) Within-community diversity.--The term 
                `within-community diversity' means the distinctive 
                assemblages of species and ecological processes that 
                occur in different physical settings of the biosphere 
                and distinct locations.
            ``(2) Prohibition of even-age logging operations.--Even-age 
        logging operations shall be prohibited in each stand and 
        watershed throughout each forested area.
            ``(3) Native biodiversity.--On each stand on which an even-
        age logging operation has been conducted on or before the date 
of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) prescribe a shift to selection management; or
                    ``(B) cease managing the stand for timber purposes, 
                in which case the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) undertake an active restoration of 
                        the native biodiversity of the stand; or
                            ``(ii) permit the stand to regain native 
                        biodiversity.
            ``(4) Enforcement.--
                    ``(A) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary of 
                Agriculture and the Attorney General shall enforce the 
                provisions of subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection 
                against any person that violates 1 or more of the 
                provisions.
                    ``(B) Citizen suits.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A citizen harmed by a 
                        violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 
                        subsection may bring an action for a 
                        declaratory judgment, a temporary restraining 
                        order, an injunction, statutory damages, or 
                        other remedy against any alleged violator, 
                        including the United States, in any district 
                        court of the United States.
                            ``(ii) Judicial relief.--If a district 
                        court of the United States determines that a 
                        violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 
                        subsection has occurred, the district court--
                                    ``(I) shall impose a damage award 
                                of not less than $5,000;
                                    ``(II) may issue 1 or more 
                                injunctions or other forms of equitable 
                                relief; and
                                    ``(III) shall award to each 
                                prevailing party the reasonable costs 
                                of bringing the action, including 
                                attorney's fees, witness fees, and 
                                other necessary expenses.
                            ``(iii) Standard of proof.--The standard of 
                        proof in all actions under this subparagraph 
                        shall be the preponderance of the evidence.
                            ``(iv) Trial.--A trial for any action under 
                        this subsection shall be de novo.
                  ``(C) Payment of damages.--
                            ``(i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award 
                        under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall be paid to the 
                        Treasury by a non-Federal violator or violators 
                        designated by the court.
                            ``(ii) Federal violator.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 
                                40 days after the date on which 
                                judgment is rendered, a damage award 
                                under subparagraph (B)(ii) for which 
                                the United States is determined to be 
                                liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 
                                as provided under section 1304 of title 
                                31, United States Code, to the person 
                                or persons designated to receive the 
                                damage award.
                                    ``(II) Use of damage award.--A 
                                damage award described under subclause 
                                (I) shall be used by the recipient to 
                                protect or restore native biodiversity 
                                on Federal land or on land adjoining 
                                Federal land.
                                    ``(III) Court costs.--Any award of 
                                costs of litigation and any award of 
                                attorney fees shall be paid by a 
                                Federal violator not later than 40 days 
                                after the date on which judgment is 
                                rendered.
                    ``(F) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The United States 
                        (including agents and employees of the United 
                        States) waives its sovereign immunity in all 
                        respects in all actions under subsection 
                        (g)(3)(B) and this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Notice.--No notice is required to 
                        enforce this subsection.''.

SEC. 103. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 6(g)(3) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resource 
Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604(g)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a period; and
            (3) by striking subparagraph (F).

  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
      PROTECTION AREAS, SPECIAL AREAS, AND FEDERAL BOUNDARY AREAS

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) unfragmented forests on Federal land, unique and 
        valuable assets to the general public, are damaged by 
        extractive logging;
            (2) less than 10 percent of the original unlogged forests 
        of the United States remain, and the vast majority of the 
        remnants of the original forests of the United States are 
        located on Federal land;
            (3) large, unfragmented forest watersheds provide high-
        quality water supplies for drinking, agriculture, industry, and 
        fisheries across the United States;
            (4) the most recent scientific studies indicate that 
        several thousand species of plants and animals are dependent on 
        large, unfragmented forest areas;
            (5) many neotropical migratory songbird species are 
        experiencing documented broad-scale population declines and 
        require large, unfragmented forests to ensure their survival;
            (6) destruction of large-scale natural forests has resulted 
        in a tremendous loss of jobs in the fishing, hunting, tourism, 
        recreation, and guiding industries, and has adversely affected 
        sustainable nontimber forest products industries such as the 
        collection of mushrooms and herbs;
            (7) extractive logging programs on Federal land are carried 
        out at enormous financial costs to the Treasury and taxpayers 
        of the United States;
            (8) ancient forests continue to be threatened by logging 
        and deforestation and are rapidly disappearing;
            (9) ancient forests help regulate atmospheric balance, 
        maintain biodiversity, and provide valuable scientific 
        opportunity for monitoring the health of the planet;
            (10) prohibiting extractive logging in the ancient forests 
        would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
        distributed, and viable populations of the northern spotted 
        owl, marbled murrelet, American marten, and other vertebrates, 
        invertebrates, vascular plants, and nonvascular plants 
        associated with those forests;
            (11) prohibiting extractive logging in the ancient forests 
        would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
        distributed, and viable populations of anadromous salmonids, 
        resident salmonids, and bull trout;
            (12) roadless areas are de facto wilderness that provide 
        wildlife habitat and recreation;
            (13) large unfragmented forests, contained in large part on 
        roadless areas on Federal land, are among the last refuges for 
        native animal and plant biodiversity, and are vital to 
        maintaining viable populations of threatened, endangered, 
        sensitive, and rare species;
            (14) roads cause soil erosion, disrupt wildlife migration, 
        and allow nonnative species of plants and animals to invade 
        native forests;
            (15) the mortality and reproduction patterns of forest 
        dwelling animal populations are adversely affected by traffic-
        related fatalities that accompany roads;
            (16) the exceptional recreational, biological, scientific, 
        or economic assets of certain special forested areas on Federal 
        land are valuable to the public of the United States and are 
        damaged by extractive logging;
            (17) in order to gauge the effectiveness and 
        appropriateness of current and future resource management 
        activities, and to continue to broaden and develop our 
        understanding of silvicultural practices, many special forested 
        areas need to remain in a natural, unmanaged state to serve as 
        scientifically established baseline control forests;
            (18) certain special forested areas provide habitat for the 
        survival and recovery of endangered and threatened plant and 
        wildlife species, such as grizzly bears, spotted owls, Pacific 
        salmon, and Pacific yew, that are harmed by extractive logging;
            (19) many special forested areas on Federal land are 
        considered sacred sites by native peoples;
            (20) ecological, economic, and aesthetic values on private 
        property are damaged by logging and road building in Federal 
        boundary areas; and
            (21) as a legacy for the enjoyment, knowledge, and well-
        being of future generations, provisions must be made for the 
        protection and perpetuation of the ancient forests, roadless 
        areas, watershed protection areas, special areas, and Federal 
        boundary areas of the United States.

SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Ancient forest.--The term ``ancient forest'' means--
                    (A) the northwest ancient forest, including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as late-
                        successional reserves, riparian reserves, and 
                        key watersheds under the heading ``Alternative 
1'' of the report entitled ``Final Supplemental Environmental Impact 
Statement on Management of Habitat for Late-Successional and Old-Growth 
Forest Related Species Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl, 
Vol. I.'', and dated February 1994; and
                            (ii) Federal land identified by the term 
                        ``medium and large conifer multi-storied, 
                        canopied forests'' as defined in the report 
                        described in clause (i);
                    (B) the eastside Cascade ancient forest, 
                including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as ``Late-
                        Succession/Old-growth Forest (LS/OG)'' depicted 
                        on maps for the Colville, Fremont, Malheur, 
                        Ochoco, Umatilla, Wallowa-Whitman and Winema 
                        National Forests in the report entitled 
                        ``Interim Protection for Late-Successional 
                        Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds: National 
                        Forests East of the Cascade Crest, Oregon, and 
                        Washington'', prepared by the Eastside Forests 
                        Scientific Society Panel (The Wildlife Society, 
                        Technical Review 94-2, August 1994);
                            (ii) Federal land east of the Cascade crest 
                        in the States of Oregon and Washington, defined 
                        as ``late successional and old-growth forests'' 
                        in the general definition on page 28 of the 
                        report described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) Federal land classified as ``Oregon 
                        Aquatic Diversity Areas'', as defined in the 
                        report described in clause (i); and
                    (C) the Sierra Nevada ancient forest, including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as ``Areas of 
                        Late-Successional Emphasis (ALSE)'' in the 
                        report entitled, ``Final Report to Congress: 
                        Status of the Sierra Nevada'', prepared by the 
                        Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (Wildland 
                        Resources Center Report #40, University of 
                        California, Davis, 1996/97);
                            (ii) Federal land identified as ``Late-
                        Succession/Old-Growth Forests Rank 3, 4 or 5'' 
                        in the report described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) Federal land identified as 
                        ``Potential Aquatic Diversity Management 
                        Areas'' on the map on page 1497 of the report 
                        described in clause (i).
            (2) Extractive logging.--The term ``extractive logging'' 
        means the cutting or removal of any trees from Federal forest 
        land for any purpose.
            (3) Federal boundary area.--The term ``Federal boundary 
        area'' means land that is--
                    (A) managed by the Forest Service, the Bureau of 
                Land Management, or the United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service; and
                    (B) located within 200 feet of a property line.
            (4) Improved road.--The term ``improved road'' means any 
        road maintained for travel by standard passenger type vehicles.
            (5) Roadless area.--The term ``roadless area'' means a 
        contiguous parcel of Federal land that is--
                    (A) devoid of improved roads, except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    (B) composed of--
                            (i) at least 1,000 acres west of the 100th 
                        meridian (with up to \1/2\ mile of improved 
                        roads per 1,000 acres);
                            (ii) at least 1,000 acres east of the 100th 
                        meridian (wiht up to \1/2\ mile of improved 
                        roads per 1,000 acres); or
                            (iii) less than 1,000 acres, but share a 
                        border that is not an improved road with a 
                        wilderness area, primitive area, or wilderness 
                        study area.
            (6) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned'' 
        means the head of each Federal agency having jurisdiction over 
        Federal land included in an ancient forest, roadless area, 
        watershed protection area, special area, or Federal boundary 
        area.
            (7) Special area.--The term ``special area'' means a 
        certain area of Federal forest land designated under section 3 
        that may not meet the definition of an ancient forest, roadless 
        area, watershed protection area, or Federal boundary area, but 
        that--
                    (A) possesses outstanding biological, scenic, 
                recreational, or cultural values; and
                    (B) is exemplary on a regional, national, or 
                international level.
            (8) Watershed protection area.--The term ``watershed 
        protection area'' means Federal land that extends--
                    (A) 300 feet from both sides of the active stream 
                channel of any permanently flowing stream or river;
                    (B) 100 feet from both sides of the active channel 
                of any intermittent, ephemeral, or seasonal stream, or 
                any other nonpermanently flowing drainage feature 
                having a definable channel and evidence of annual scour 
                or deposition of flow-related debris;
                    (C) 300 feet from the edge of the maximum level of 
                any natural lake or pond; or
                    (D) 150 feet from the edge of the maximum level of 
                a constructed lake, pond, or reservoir, or a natural or 
                constructed wetland.

SEC. 203. DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Finding.--A special area shall possess at least 1 of 
        the values described in paragraphs (2) through (5).
            (2) Biological values.--The biological values of a special 
        area may include the presence of--
                    (A) threatened species or endangered species of 
                plants or animals;
                    (B) rare or endangered ecosystems;
                    (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery of 
                endangered species or threatened species;
                    (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
                underrepresented forest ecosystems;
                    (E) migration corridors;
                    (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
                    (G) old growth forests;
                    (H) commercial fisheries; and
                    (I) sources of clean water such as key watersheds.
            (3) Scenic values.--The scenic values of a special area may 
        include the presence of--
                    (A) unusual geological formations;
                    (B) designated wild and scenic rivers;
                    (C) unique biota; and
                    (D) vistas.
            (4) Recreational values.--The recreational values of a 
        special area may include the presence of--
                    (A) designated national recreational trails or 
                recreational areas;
                    (B) areas that are popular for such recreation and 
                sporting activities as--
                            (i) hunting;
                            (ii) fishing;
                            (iii) camping;
                            (iv) hiking;
                            (v) aquatic recreation; and
                            (vi) winter recreation;
                    (C) Federal land in regions that are underserved in 
                terms of recreation;
                    (D) land adjacent to designated wilderness areas; 
                and
                    (E) solitude.
            (5) Cultural values.--The cultural values of a special area 
        may include the presence of--
                    (A) sites with Native American religious 
                significance; and
                    (B) historic or prehistoric archaeological sites 
                eligible for listing on the national historic register.
    (b) Size Variation.--A special area may vary in size to encompass 
the outstanding biological, scenic, recreational, or cultural value or 
values to be protected.
    (c) Designation of Special Areas.--There are designated the 
following special areas, which shall be subject to the management 
restrictions specified in section 204:
            (1) Alabama: sipsey wilderness.--Certain land in the 
        Bankhead National Forest in the State of Alabama, totaling 
        approximately 20,000 acres, located directly west of Highway 33 
        and directly north of County Road 60, including all of the 
        Sipsey River Watershed north of Cranal Road, known as the 
        ``Sipsey Wilderness''.
            (2) Alaska.--
                    (A) Turnagain arm.--Certain land in the Chugach 
                National Forest, on the Kenai Peninsula in the State of 
                Alaska, totaling approximately 100,000 acres, extending 
                from sea level to ridgetop surrounding the inlet of 
                Turnagain Arm, known as ``Turnagain Arm''.
                    (B) Honker divide.--Certain land in the Tongass 
                National Forest in the State of Alaska, totaling 
                approximately 75,000 acres, located on north central 
                Prince of Wales Island, comprising the Thorne River and 
                Hatchery Creek watersheds, stretching approximately 40 
                miles northwest from the vicinity of the town of Thorne 
Bay to the vicinity of the town of Coffman Cove, generally known as the 
``Honker Divide''.
            (3) Arizona: north rim of the grand canyon.--Certain land 
        in the Kaibab National Forest in the State of Arizona that is 
        included in the Grand Canyon Game Preserve, totaling 
        approximately 500,000 acres, abutting the northern side of the 
        Grand Canyon in the area generally known as the ``North Rim of 
        the Grand Canyon''.
            (4) Arkansas.--
                    (A) Cow creek drainage, arkansas.--Certain land in 
                the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in 
                Polk County, in the State of Arkansas, totaling 
                approximately 7,000 acres, known as ``Cow Creek 
                Drainage, Arkansas'', and bounded approximately--
                            (i) to the north, by County Road 95;
                            (ii) to the south, by County Road 157;
                            (iii) to the east, by County Road 48; and
                            (iv) to the west, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma 
                        border.
                    (B) Leader and brush mountains.--Certain land in 
                the Ouachita National Forest, in Montgomery and Polk 
                Counties in the State of Arkansas, totaling 
                approximately 120,000 acres, known as ``Leader and 
                Brush Mountains'', located in the vicinity of the 
                Blaylock Creek Watershed between Long Creek and the 
                South Fork of the Saline River.
                    (C) Polk creek area.--Certain land in the Ouachita 
                National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in the State of 
                Arkansas, totaling approximately 20,000 acres, bounded 
                by Arkansas Highway 4 and Forest Roads 73 and 43, known 
                as the ``Polk Creek area''.
                    (D) Lower buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in 
                the Ozark National Forest, Sylamore Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 6,000 acres, including Forest 
                Service land not already designated as Wilderness 
                Areas, located in the watershed of Big Creek southwest 
                of the Leatherwood Wilderness Area in Searcy and Marion 
                Counties, Arkansas, and known as the ``Lower Buffalo 
                River Watershed''.
                    (E) Upper buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in 
                the Ozark National Forest, Buffalo Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 220,000 acres, comprised of 
                Forest Service land not already designated as 
                Wilderness Areas, known as the ``Upper Buffalo River 
                Watershed'', located approximately 35 miles from the 
                town of Harrison, in Madison, Newton, and Searcy 
                Counties, in the State of Arkansas, upstream of the 
                confluence of the Buffalo River and Richland Creek in 
                the watersheds of--
                            (i) the Buffalo River;
                            (ii) the various streams comprising the 
                        Headwaters of the Buffalo River;
                            (iii) Richland Creek;
                            (iv) Little Buffalo Headwaters;
                            (v) Edgmon Creek;
                            (vi) Big Creek; and
                            (vii) Cane Creek.
            (5) California: giant sequoia preserve.--Certain land in 
        the Sequoia and Sierra National Forests in the State of 
        California, known as the ``Giant Sequoia Preserve'', comprised 
        of 3 discontinuous parcels and approximately 442,425 acres, 
        located in Fresno, Tulare, and Kern Counties in the Southern 
        Sierra Nevada mountain range, including--
                    (A) the Kings River Unit (145,600 acres) and nearby 
                Redwood Mountain Unit (11,730 acres), located 
                approximately 25 miles east of the city of Fresno; and
                    (B) the South Unit (285,095 acres), located 
                approximately 15 miles east of the city of Porterville.
            (6) Colorado: cochetopa hills.--Certain land in the 
        Gunnison Basin area in the State of Colorado, known as the 
        ``Cochetopa Hills'', administered by the Gunnison, Grand Mesa, 
        Uncompahgre, and Rio Grand National Forests, totaling 
        approximately 500,000 acres, spanning the continental divide 
        south and east of the city of Gunnison in Saguache County in 
        the State of Colorado, and including the--
                    (A) Elk and West Elk Mountains;
                    (B) Grand Mesa;
                    (C) Uncompahgre Plateau;
                    (D) northern San Juan Mountains;
                    (E) La Garitas Mountains; and
                    (F) Cochetopa Hills.
            (7) Georgia.--
                    (A) Armuchee cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Armuchee Ranger 
District, known as the ``Armuchee Cluster'', totaling approximately 
19,700 acres, comprised of 3 parcels known as Rocky Face, Johns 
Mountain and Hidden Creek, located approximately 10 miles southwest of 
Dalton and 14 miles north of Rome, in Whitfield, Walker, Chattooga, 
Floyd, and Gordon Counties, in the State of Georgia.
                    (B) Blue ridge corridor cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Chestatee Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                15,000 acres, known as the ``Blue Ridge Corridor 
                Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 5 parcels known 
                as Horse Gap, Hogback Mountain, Blackwell Creek, Little 
                Cedar Mountain, and Black Mountain, located 
                approximately 15 to 20 miles north of the town of 
                Dahlonega, and Union and Lumpkin Counties, in the State 
                of Georgia.
                    (C) Chattooga watershed cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Tallulah Ranger District, totaling 63,500 acres, known 
                as the ``Chattooga Watershed Cluster, Georgia Areas'', 
                comprised of 7 areas known as Rabun Bald, Three Forks, 
                Ellicott Rock Extension, Rock Gorge, Big Shoals, 
                Thrift's Ferry, and Five Falls, located in Rabun 
                County, Georgia near the towns of Clayton, in the State 
                of Georgia, near the town of Dillard, South Carolina.
                    (D) Cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Cohutta Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 28,000 acres, known as the 
                ``Cohutta Cluster'', comprised of 4 parcels known as 
                Cohuttta Extensions, Grassy Mountain, Emery Creek, and 
                Mountaintown, and located near the towns of Chatsworth 
                and Ellijay, in Murray, Fannin, and Gilmer Counties, in 
                the State of Georgia.
                    (E) Duncan ridge cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and Toccoa 
                Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 17,000 acres, 
                known as the ``Duncan Ridge Cluster'', comprised of the 
                parcels known as Licklog Mountain, Duncan Ridge, Board 
                Camp, and Cooper Creek Scenic Area Extension, and 
                located approximately 10 to 15 miles south of the town 
                of Blairsville in Union and Fannin Counties, in the 
                State of Georgia.
                    (F) Ed jenkins national recreation area cluster.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Toccoa and Chestatee Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 19,300 acres, known as the ``Ed Jenkins 
                National Recreation Area Cluster'', comprised of the 
                Springer Mountain, Mill Creek, and Toonowee parcels, 
                and located 30 miles north of the town of Dahlonega, in 
                Fannin, Dawson, and Lumpkin Counties, in the State of 
                Georgia.
                    (G) Gainesville ridges cluster.--Certain land in 
                the Chattahoochee National Forest, Chattooga Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 14,200 acres, known as 
                the ``Gainesville Ridges Cluster'', comprised of 3 
                parcels known as Panther Creek, Tugaloo Uplands, and 
                Middle Fork Broad River, and located approximately 10 
                miles from the town of Toccoa, in Habersham and 
                Stephens Counties, in the State of Georgia.
                    (H) Northern blue ridge cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Brasstown and Tallulah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 46,000 acres, known as the ``Northern 
                Blue Ridge Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 8 
                areas known as Andrews Cove, Anna Ruby Falls Scenic 
                Area Extension, High Shoals, Tray Mountain Extension, 
                Kelly Ridge-Moccasin Creek, Buzzard Knob, Southern 
                Nantahala Extension, and Patterson Gap, and located 
                approximately 5 to 15 miles north of Helen, 5 to 15 
                miles southeast of Hiawassee, north of Clayton, and 
                west of Dillard, in White, Towns and Rabun Counties, in 
                the State of Georgia.
                    (I) Rich mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Toccoa Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 9,500 acres, known as the ``Rich 
                Mountain Cluster'', comprised of the parcels known as 
                Rich Mountain Extension and Rocky Mountain, located 10 
                to 15 miles northeast of the town of Ellijay, in Gilmer 
                and Fannin Counties, in the State of Georgia.
                    (J) Wilderness heartlands cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Chestatee, Brasstown and Chattooga Ranger Districts, 
                totaling approximately 16,500 acres, known as the 
                ``Wilderness Heartlands Cluster, Georgia Areas'', 
comprised of 4 parcels known as the Blood Mountain Extensions, Raven 
Cliffs Extensions, Mark Trail Extensions, and Brasstown Extensions, and 
located near the towns of Dahlonega, Cleveland, Helen, and Blairsville, 
in Lumpkin, Union, White, and Towns Counties, in the State of Georgia.
            (8) Idaho.--
                    (A) Cove/mallard.--Certain land in the Nez Perce 
                National Forest in the State of Idaho, totaling 
                approximately 94,000 acres, located approximately 30 
                miles southwest of the town of Elk City, and west of 
                the town of Dixie, in the area generally known as 
                ``Cove/Mallard''.
                    (B) Meadow creek.--Certain land in the Nez Perce 
                National Forest in the State of Idaho, totaling 
                approximately 180,000 acres, located approximately 8 
                miles east of the town of Elk City in the area 
                generally known as ``Meadow Creek''.
                    (C) French creek/patrick butte.--Certain land in 
                the Payette National Forest in the State of Idaho, 
                totaling approximately 141,000 acres, located 
                approximately 20 miles north of the town of McCall in 
                the area generally known as ``French Creek/Patrick 
                Butte''.
            (9) Illinois.--
                    (A) Cripps bend.--Certain land in the Shawnee 
                National Forest in the State of Illinois, totaling 
                approximately 39 acres, located in Jackson County in 
                the Big Muddy River watershed, in the area generally 
                known as ``Cripps Bend''.
                    (B) Opportunity area 6.--Certain land in the 
                Shawnee National Forest in the State of Illinois, 
                totaling approximately 50,000 acres, located in 
                northern Pope County surrounding Bell Smith Springs 
                Natural Area, in the area generally known as 
                ``Opportunity Area 6''.
                    (C) Quarrel creek.--Certain land in the Shawnee 
                National Forest in the State of Illinois, totaling 
                approximately 490 acres, located in northern Pope 
                County in the Quarrel Creek watershed, in the area 
                generally known as ``Quarrel Creek''.
            (10) Michigan: trap hills.--Certain land in the Ottawa 
        National Forest, Bergland Ranger District, totaling 
        approximately 37,120 acres, known as the ``Trap Hills'', 
        located approximately 5 miles from the town of Bergland, in 
        Ontonagon County, in the State of Michigan.
            (11) Minnesota.--
                    (A) Trout lake and suomi hills.--Certain land in 
                the Chippewa National Forest, totaling approximately 
                12,000 acres, known as ``Trout Lake/Suomi Hills'' in 
                Itasca County, in the State of Minnesota.
                    (B) Lullaby white pine reserve.--Certain land in 
                the Superior National Forest in the State of Minnesota, 
                Gunflint Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,518 
                acres, in the South Brule Opportunity Area, northwest 
                of Grand Marais in Cook County, Minnesota, known as the 
                ``Lullaby White Pine Reserve''.
            (12) Missouri: eleven point-big springs area.--Certain land 
        in the Mark Twain National Forest in the State of Missouri, 
        Eleven Point Ranger District, totaling approximately 200,000 
        acres, comprised of the administrative area of the Eleven Point 
        Ranger District, known as the ``Eleven Point-Big Springs 
        Area''.
            (13) Montana: mount bushnell.--Certain land in the Lolo 
        National Forest in the State of Montana, totaling approximately 
        41,000 acres, located approximately 5 miles southwest of the 
        town of Thompson Falls in the area generally known as ``Mount 
        Bushnell''.
            (14) New mexico.--
                    (A) Angostura.--Certain land in the eastern half of 
                the Carson National Forest in the State of New Mexico, 
                Camino Real Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                10,000 acres, located in Township 21, Ranges 12 and 13, 
                known as ``Angostura'', and bounded--
                            (i) to the northeast, by Highway 518;
                            (ii) to the southeast, by the Angostura 
                        Creek watershed boundary;
                            (iii) to the southern side, by Trail 19 and 
                        the Pecos Wilderness; and
                            (iv) to the west, by the Agua Piedra Creek 
                        watershed.
                    (B) La manga.--Certain land in the western half of 
                the Carson National Forest, El Rito Ranger District, in 
                the State of New Mexico, at the Vallecitos Sustained 
                Yield Unit, totaling approximately 5,400 acres, known 
                as ``La Manga'', in Township 27, Range 6, and bounded--
                            (i) to the north, by the Tierra Amarilla 
                        Land Grant;
                            (ii) to the south, by Canada Escondida;
                            (iii) to the west, by the Sustained Yield 
                        Unit boundary and the Tierra Amarilla Land 
                        Grant; and
                            (iv) to the east, by the Rio Vallecitos.
                    (C) Elk mountain.--Certain land in the Santa Fe 
                National Forest in the State of New Mexico, totaling 
                approximately 7,220 acres, known as ``Elk Mountain'' 
                located in Townships 17 and 18 and Ranges 12 and 13, 
                and bounded--
                            (i) to the north, by the Pecos Wilderness;
                            (ii) to the east, by the Cow Creek 
                        Watershed;
                            (iii) to the west, by the Cow Creek; and
                            (iv) to the south, by Rito de la Osha.
                    (D) Jemez highlands.--Certain land in the Jemez 
                Ranger District of the Santa Fe National Forest, 
                totaling approximately 54,400 acres, known as the 
                ``Jemez Highlands'', located primarily in Sandoval 
                County, in the State of New Mexico.
            (15) North carolina.--
                    (A) Central nantahala cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
                Tusquitee, Cheoah, and Wayah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 107,000 acres, known as the ``Central 
                Nantahala Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                9 parcels known as Tusquitee Bald, Shooting Creek Bald, 
                Cheoah Bald, Piercy Bald, Wesser Bald, Tellico Bald, 
                Split White Oak, Siler Bald, and Southern Nantahala 
                Extensions, and located near the towns of Murphy, 
                Franklin, Bryson City, Andrews, and Beechertown, in 
                Cherokee, Macon, Clay and Swain Counties, in the State 
                of North Carolina.
                    (B) Chattooga watershed cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
                Highlands Ranger District, totaling approximately 8,000 
                acres, known as the ``Chattooga Watershed Cluster, 
                North Carolina Areas'', comprised of the Overflow (Blue 
                Valley) and Terrapin Mountain parcels, and located 5 
                miles from the town of Highlands, in Macon and Jackson 
                Counties, in the State of North Carolina.
                    (C) Tennessee border cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
                Tusquitee and Cheoah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 28,000 acres, known as the ``Tennessee 
                Border Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                the 4 parcels known as the Unicoi Mountains, Deaden 
                Tree, Snowbird, and Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Extension, 
                and located near the towns of Murphy and Robbinsville, 
                in Cherokee and Graham Counties, in the State of North 
                Carolina.
                    (D) Bald mountains.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest, French Broad Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 13,000 acres known as the ``Bald 
                Mountains'', located 12 miles northeast of the town of 
                Hot Springs, in Madison County, in the State of North 
                Carolina.
                    (E) Big ivy tract.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest in the State of North Carolina, 
                totaling approximately 14,000 acres, located 
                approximately 15 miles west of Mount Mitchell in the 
                area generally known as the ``Big Ivy Tract''.
                    (F) Black mountains cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Pisgah National Forest, 
                Toecane and Grandfather Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 62,000 acres, known as the ``Black 
                Mountains Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                5 parcels known as Craggy Mountains, Black Mountains, 
                Jarrett Creek, Mackey Mountain, and Woods Mountain, and 
                located near the towns of Burnsville, Montreat and 
                Marion, in Buncombe, Yancey and McDowell Counties, in 
                the State of North Carolina.
                    (G) Linville cluster.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest, Grandfather District, totaling 
                approximately 42,000 acres, known as the ``Linville 
                Cluster'', comprised of 7 parcels known as Dobson Knob, 
                Linville Gorge Extension, Steels Creek, Sugar Knob, 
                Harper Creek, Lost Cove and Upper Wilson Creek, and 
                located near the towns of Marion, Morgantown, Spruce 
                Pine, Linville, and Blowing Rock, in Burke, McDowell, 
                Avery and Caldwell Counties, in the State of North 
Carolina.
                    (H) Nolichucky, north carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Pisgah National Forest, Toecane Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 4,000 acres, known as the 
                ``Nolichucky, North Carolina Area'', located 25 miles 
                northwest of Burnsville, in Mitchell and Yancey 
                Counties, in the State of North Carolina.
                    (I) Pisgah cluster, north carolina areas.--Certain 
                land in the Pisgah National Forest, Pisgah Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 52,000 acres, known as 
                the ``Pisgah Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised 
                of 5 parcels known as Shining Rock and Middle Prong 
                Extensions, Daniel Ridge, Cedar Rock Mountain, South 
                Mills River, and Laurel Mountain, and located 5 to 12 
                miles north of the town of Brevard and southwest of the 
                city of Asheville, in Haywood, Transylvania, and 
                Henderson Counties, in the State of North Carolina.
                    (J) Wildcat.--Certain land in the Pisgah National 
                Forest, French Broad Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 6,500 acres, known as ``Wildcat'', 
                located 20 miles northwest of the town of Canton, in 
                Haywood County, in the State of North Carolina.
            (16) Ohio.--
                    (A) Archers fork complex.--Certain land in the 
                Marietta Unit of the Athens Ranger District, in the 
                Wayne National Forest, in Washington County, in the 
                State of Ohio, known as ``Archers Fork Complex'', 
                totaling approximately 18,350 acres, located northeast 
                of Newport and bounded--
                            (i) to the northwest, by State Highway 26;
                            (ii) to the northeast, by State Highway 
                        260;
                            (iii) to the southeast, by the Ohio River; 
                        and
                            (iv) to the southwest, by Bear Run and 
                        Danas Creek.
                    (B) Bluegrass ridge.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District on the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, in the State of Ohio, known as 
                ``Bluegrass Ridge'', totaling approximately 4,000 
                acres, located 3 miles east of Etna in Township 4 
                North, Range 17 West, Sections 19 through 23 and 27 
                through 30.
                    (C) Buffalo creek.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, Lawrence 
                County, Ohio, known as ``Buffalo Creek'', totaling 
                approximately 6500 acres, located 4 miles northwest of 
                Waterloo in Township 5 North, Ranger 17 West, sections 
                3 through 10 and 15 through 18.
                    (D) Lake vesuvius.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, in the State of Ohio, totaling 
                approximately 4,900 acres, generally known as ``Lake 
                Vesuvius'', located to the east of Etna in Township 2 
                North, Range 18 West, and bounded--
                            (i) to the southwest, by State Highway 93; 
                        and
                            (ii) to the northwest, by State Highway 4.
                    (E) Morgan sisters.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, in the State of Ohio, known as 
                ``Morgan Sisters'', totaling approximately 2,500 acres, 
                located 1 mile east of Gallia and bounded by State 
                Highway 233 in Township 6 North, Range 17 West, 
                sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 and Township 5 North, Range 
                16 West, sections 18 and 19.
                    (F) Utah ridge.--Certain land in the Athens Ranger 
                District of the Wayne National Forest, in Athens 
                County, in the State of Ohio, known as ``Utah Ridge'', 
                totaling approximately 9,000 acres, located 1 mile 
                northwest of Chauncey and bounded--
                            (i) to the southeast, by State Highway 682 
                        and State Highway 13;
                            (ii) to the southwest, by US Highway 33 and 
                        State Highway 216; and
                            (iii) to the north, by State Highway 665.
                    (G) Wildcat hollow.--Certain land in the Athens 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in Perry 
                and Morgan Counties, in the State of Ohio, known as 
                ``Wildcat Hollow,'' totaling approximately 4,500 acres, 
                located 1 mile east of Corning in Township 12 North, 
                Range 14 West, sections 1, 2, 11-14, 23 and 24 and 
                Township 8 North, Range 13 West, sections 7, 18, and 
                19.
            (17) Oklahoma: cow creek drainage, oklahoma.--Certain land 
        in the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in Le 
        Flore County, in the State of Oklahoma, totaling approximately 
        3,000 acres, known as ``Cow Creek Drainage, Oklahoma'', and 
        bounded approximately--
                    (A) to the west, by the Beech Creek National Scenic 
                Area;
                    (B) to the north, by State Highway 63;
                    (C) to the east, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma border; 
                and
                    (D) to the south, by County Road 9038 on the south.
            (18) Oregon: applegate wilderness.--Certain land in the 
        Siskiyou National Forest and Rogue River National Forest in the 
        State of Oregon, totaling approximately 20,000 acres, and 
        located approximately 20 miles southwest of the town of Grants 
        Pass and 10 miles south of the town of Williams, in the area 
        generally known as the ``Applegate Wilderness''.
            (19) South carolina.--
                    (A) Big shoals, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, in the State of South 
                Carolina, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as 
                ``Big Shoals, South Carolina Area'', and located 15 
                miles south of Highlands, North Carolina.
                    (B) Brasstown creek, south carolina area.--Certain 
                land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens 
                Ranger District, in Oconee County, in the State of 
                South Carolina, totaling approximately 3,500 acres, 
                known as ``Brasstown Creek, South Carolina Area'', and 
                located approximately 15 miles west of Westminster, 
                South Carolina.
                    (C) Chauga.--Certain land in the Sumter National 
                Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee 
                County, in the State of South Carolina, totaling 
                approximately 16,000 acres, known as ``Chauga'', and 
                located approximately 10 miles west of Walhalla, South 
                Carolina.
                    (D) Dark bottoms.--Certain land in the Sumter 
                National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
                Oconee County, in the State of South Carolina, totaling 
                approximately 4,000 acres, known as ``Dark Bottoms'', 
                and located approximately 10 miles northwest of 
                Westminster, South Carolina.
                    (E) Ellicott rock extension, south carolina area.--
                Certain land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew 
                Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee County, in the State 
                of South Carolina, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, 
                known as ``Ellicott Rock Extension, South Carolina 
                Area'', located approximately 10 miles south of 
                Cashiers, North Carolina.
                    (F) Five falls, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, in the State of South 
                Carolina, totaling approximately 3,500 acres, known as 
                ``Five Falls, South Carolina Area'', and located 
                approximately 10 miles southeast of Clayton, Georgia.
                    (G) Persimmon mountain.--Certain land in the Sumter 
                National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
                Oconee County, in the State of South Carolina, totaling 
                approximately 7,000 acres, known as ``Persimmon 
                Mountain'', and located approximately 12 miles south of 
                Cashiers, North Carolina.
                    (H) Rock gorge, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, in the State of South 
                Carolina, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as 
                ``Rock Gorge, South Carolina Area'', and located 12 
                miles southeast of Highlands, North Carolina.
                    (I) Tamassee.--Certain land in the Sumter National 
                Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee 
                County, in the State of South Carolina, totaling 
                approximately 5,500 acres, known as ``Tamassee'', and 
                located approximately 10 miles north of Walhalla, South 
                Carolina.
                    (J) Thrift's ferry, south carolina area.--Certain 
                land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens 
                Ranger District, in Oconee County, in the State of 
                South Carolina, totaling approximately 5,000 acres, 
                known as ``Thrift's Ferry, South Carolina Area'', and 
                located 10 miles east of Clayton, Georgia.
            (20) South dakota.--
                    (A) Black fox area.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest in the State of South Dakota, 
                totaling approximately 12,400 acres, located in the 
                upper reaches of the Rapid Creek watershed, known as 
the ``Black Fox Area'', and roughly bounded--
                            (i) to the north, by FDR 206;
                            (ii) to the south, by the steep slopes 
                        north of Forest Road 231; and
                            (iii) to the west, by a fork of Rapid 
                        Creek.
                    (B) Breakneck area.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest in the State of South Dakota, 
                totaling 6,700 acres, located along the northeast edge 
                of the Black Hills in the vicinity of the Black Hills 
                National Cemetery and the Bureau of Land Management's 
                Fort Meade Recreation Area, known as the ``Breakneck 
                Area'', and generally--
                            (i) bounded by Forest Roads 139 and 169 on 
                        the north, west, and south; and
                            (ii) demarcated along the eastern and 
                        western boundaries by the ridge-crests dividing 
                        the watershed.
                    (C) Norbeck preserve.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest in the State of South Dakota, 
                totaling approximately 27,766 acres, known as the 
                ``Norbeck Preserve'', and encompassed approximately by 
                a boundary that, starting at the southeast corner--
                            (i) runs north along FDR 753 and United 
                        States Highway Alt. 16, then along SD 244 to 
                        the junction of Palmer Creek Road, which serves 
                        generally as a northwest limit;
                            (ii) heads south from the junction of 
                        Highways 87 and 89;
                            (iii) runs southeast along Highway 87; and
                            (iv) runs east back to FDR 753, exclusing a 
                        corridor of private land along FDR 345.
                    (D) Pilger mountain area.--Certain land in the 
                Black Hills National Forest in the State of South 
                Dakota, totaling approximately 12,600 acres, known as 
                the ``Pilger Mountain Area'', located in the Elk 
                Mountains on the southwest edge of the Black Hills, and 
                roughly bounded--
                            (i) to the east and northeast, by Forest 
                        Roads 318 and 319;
                            (ii) to the north and northwest, by Road 
                        312; and
                            (iii) to the southwest, by private land.
                    (E) Stagebarn canyons.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest in the State of South Dakota, 
                known as ``Stagebarn Canyons'', totaling approximately 
                7,300 acres, and located approximately 10 miles west of 
                Rapid City, South Dakota.
            (21) Tennessee.--
                    (A) Bald mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--
                Certain land in the Nolichucky and Unaka Ranger 
                Districts of the Cherokee National Forest, in Cocke, 
                Green, Washington and Unicoi Counties, in the State of 
                Tennessee, totaling approximately 46,133 acres, known 
                as the ``Bald Mountains Cluster, Tennessee Areas'', and 
                comprised of the parcels known as Laurel Hollow 
                Mountain, Devil's Backbone, Laurel Mountain, Walnut 
                Mountain, Wolf Creek, Meadow Creek Mountain, Brush 
                Creek Mountain, Paint Creek, Bald Mountain and Sampson 
                Mountain Extension, located near the towns of Newport, 
                Hot Springs, Greeneville and Erwin, Tennessee.
                    (B) Big frog/cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, in Polk County, Ocoee, 
                Hiwassee, and Tennessee Ranger Districts, in the State 
                of Tennessee, totaling approximately 28,800 acres, 
                known as the ``Big Frog/Cohutta Cluster'', comprised of 
                the parcels known as Big Frog Extensions, Little Frog 
                Extensions, Smith Mountain and Rock Creek, located near 
                the towns of Copperhill, Ducktown, Turtletown and 
                Benton, Tennessee.
                    (C) Citico creek watershed cluster tennessee 
                areas.--Certain land in the Tellico Ranger District of 
                the Cherokee National Forest, in Monroe County, in the 
                State of Tennessee, totaling approximately 14,256 
                acres, known as the ``Citico Creek Watershed Cluster, 
                Tennessee Areas'', comprised of the parcels known as 
                Flats Mountain, Miller Ridge, Cowcamp Ridge and Joyce 
                Kilmer-Slickrock Extension, and located near the town 
                of Tellico Plains, in the State of Tennessee.
                    (D) Iron mountains cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, Watauga Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 58,090 acres, known as the 
                ``Iron Mountains Cluster'', comprised of 8 parcels 
                known as Big Laurel Branch Addition, Hickory Flat 
                Branch, Flint Mill, Lower Iron Mountain, Upper Iron 
Mountain, London Bridge, Beaverdam Creek, and Rodgers Ridge, located 
near the towns of Bristol and Elizabethton, in Sullivan and Johnson 
Counties, in the State of Tennessee.
                    (E) Northern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee 
                National Forest, in Monroe County, in the State of 
                Tennessee, totaling approximately 30,453 acres, known 
                as the ``Northern Unicoi Mountain Cluster'', comprised 
                of the parcels known as Bald River Gorge Extension, 
                Upper Bald River, Sycamore Creek and Brushy Ridge, and 
                located near the town of Tellico Plains, Tennessee.
                    (F) Roan mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, Unaka and Watauga Ranger 
                Districts, totaling approximately 23,725 acres known as 
                the ``Roan Mountain Cluster'', comprised of the 7 
                parcels known as Strawberry Mountain, Highlands of 
                Roan, Ripshin Ridge, Doe River Gorge Scenic Area, White 
                Rocks Mountain, Slide Hollow and Watauga Reserve, and 
                located approximately 8 to 20 miles south of the town 
                of Elizabethton, in Unicoi, Carter and Johnson 
                Counties, in the State of Tennessee.
                    (G) Southern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Hiwassee Ranger District of the Cherokee 
                National Forest, in Polk, Monroe, and McMinn Counties, 
                in the State of Tennessee, totaling approximately 
                11,251 acres, known as the ``Southern Unicoi Mountains 
                Cluster'', comprised of the parcels known as Gee Creek 
                Extension, Coker Creek and Buck Bald, and located near 
                the towns Etowah, Benton and Turtletown, Tennessee.
                    (H) Unaka mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--
                Certain land in the Cherokee National Forest, Unaka 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 15,669 acres, 
                known as the ``Unaka Mountains Cluster, Tennessee 
                Areas'', comprised of the Nolichucky, Unaka Mountain 
                Extension and Stone Mountain parcels and located 
                approximately 8 miles from Erwin, in Unicoi and Carter 
                Counties, in the State of Tennessee.
            (22) Texas: longleaf ridge.--Certain land in the Angelina 
        National Forest, Jasper and Angelina Counties, Texas, totaling 
        approximately 30,000 acres, generally known as ``Longleaf 
        Ridge'', and bounded--
                    (A) to the west, by Upland Island Wilderness Area;
                    (B) to the south, by the Neches River; and
                    (C) to the northeast, by Sam Rayburn Reservoir.
            (23) Vermont.--
                    (A) Glastenbury area.--Certain land in the Green 
                Mountain National Forest, in the State of Vermont, 
                totaling approximately 35,000 acres, located 3 miles 
                northeast of Bennington, generally known as the 
                ``Glastenbury Area'', and bounded--
                            (i) to the north, by Kelly Stand Road;
                            (ii) to the east, by Forest Road 71;
                            (iii) to the south, by Route 9; and
                            (iv) to the west, by Route 7.
                    (B) Lamb brook.--Certain land in the Green Mountain 
                National Forest, in the State of Vermont, totaling 
                approximately 5,500 acres, located 3 miles southwest of 
                Wilmington, generally known as ``Lamb Brook'', and 
                bounded--
                            (i) to the west, by Route 8;
                            (ii) to the south, by Route 100;
                            (iii) to the north, by Route 9; and
                            (iv) to the east, by land owned by New 
                        England Power Company.
                    (C) Robert frost mountain area.--Certain land in 
                the Green Mountain National Forest, in the State of 
                Vermont, totaling approximately 8,500 acres, known as 
                ``Robert Frost Mountain Area'', located northeast of 
                Middlebury, consisting of the Forest Service land 
                bounded--
                            (i) to the west, by Route 116;
                            (ii) to the north, by Bristol Notch Road;
                            (iii) to the east, by Lincoln/Ripton Road; 
                        and
                            (iv) to the south, by Route 125.
            (24) Virginia.--
                    (A) Bear creek.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
                National Forest, Wythe Ranger District, known as ``Bear 
                Creek'', and located north of Rural Retreat, in Smyth 
                and Wythe Counties, in the State of Virginia.
                    (B) Cave springs.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
                National Forest, Clinch Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 3,000 acres, known as ``Cave Springs'', 
and located between State Route 621 and the North Fork of the Powell 
River, in Lee County, in the State of Virginia.
                    (C) Dismal creek.--Certain land totaling 
                approximately 6,000 acres, in the Jefferson National 
                Forest, Blacksburg Ranger District, known as ``Dismal 
                Creek'', and located north of State Route 42, in Giles 
                and Bland Counties, in the State of Virginia.
                    (D) Stone coal creek.--Certain land in the 
                Jefferson National Forest, New Castle Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as ``Stone 
                Coal Creek'', and located in Craig and Botentourt 
                Counties, in the State of Virginia.
                    (E) White oak ridge: terrapin mountain.--Certain 
                land in the Glenwood Ranger District of the Jefferson 
                National Forest, known as ``White Oak Ridge--Terrapin 
                Mountain'', totaling approximately 8,000 acres, and 
                located east of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in Botentourt 
                and Rockbridge Counties, in the State of Virginia.
                    (F) Whitetop mountain.--Certain land in the 
                Jefferson National Forest, Mt. Rodgers Recreation Area, 
                totaling 3,500 acres, known as ``Whitetop Mountain'', 
                and located in Washington, Smyth and Grayson Counties, 
                in the State of Virginia.
                    (G) Wilson mountain.--Certain land known as 
                ``Wilson Mountain'', in the Jefferson National Forest, 
                Glenwood Ranger District, totaling approximately 5,100 
                acres, and located east of Interstate 81, in Botentourt 
                and Rockbridge Counties, in the State of Virginia.
                    (H) Feathercamp.--Certain land located in the Mt. 
                Rodgers Recreation Area of the Jefferson National 
                Forest, totaling 4,974 acres, known as ``Feathercamp'', 
                located northeast of the town of Damascus and north of 
                State Route 58 on the Feathercamp ridge, in Washington 
                County, in the State of Virginia.
            (25) Wisconsin.--
                    (A) Flynn lake.--Certain land in the Chequamegon 
                National Forest, Washburn Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 5,700 acres, known as ``Flynn Lake'', and 
                located in the Flynn Lake semi-primitive non-motorized 
                area, in Bayfield County, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (B) Ghost lake cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon National Forest, Great Divide Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, known as 
                ``Ghost Lake Cluster'', including parcels known as 
                Ghost Lake, Perch Lake, Lower Teal River, Foo Lake, and 
                Bulldog Springs, and located in Sawyer County, in the 
                State of Wisconsin.
                    (C) Lake owens cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon National Forest, Great Divide and Washburn 
                Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 3,600 acres, 
                known as ``Lake Owens Cluster'', including parcels 
                known as or near Lake Owens, Sage, Hidden, and Deer 
                Lick Lakes, Eighteenmile Creek, and Northeast and 
                Sugarbush Lakes, and located in Bayfield County, in the 
                State of Wisconsin.
                    (D) Medford cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon National Forest, Medford-Park Falls Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as 
                the ``Medford Cluster'', including parcels known as 
                County E Hardwoods, Silver Creek/Mondeaux River 
                Bottoms, Lost Lake Esker, North and South Fork Yellow 
                Rivers, Bear Creek, Brush Creek, Chequamegon Waters, 
                John's and Joseph Creeks, Hay Creek Pine-Flatwoods, 558 
                Hardwoods, Richter Lake, and Lower Yellow River, and 
                located in Taylor County, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (E) Park falls cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon National Forest, Medford-Park Falls Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as 
                ``Park Falls Cluster'', including parcels known as 
                Sixteen Lakes, Chippewa Trail, Tucker and Amik Lakes, 
                Lower Rice Creek, Doering Tract, Foulds Creek, Bootjack 
                Conifers, Pond, Mud and Riley Lake Peatlands, Little 
                Willow Drumlin, and Elk River, and located in Price and 
                Vilas Counties, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (F) Penokee mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon National Forest, Great Divide Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as 
                ``Penokee Mountain Cluster'', including parcels known 
                as or near St. Peters Dome, Brunsweiler River Gorge, 
                Lake Three, Marengo River and Brunsweiler River semi-
                primitive non-motorized areas, Hell Hole Creek, and the 
                North Country Trail Hardwoods, and located in Ashland 
and Bayfield Counties, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (G) Southeast great divide cluster.--Certain land 
                in the Chequamegon National Forest, Medford Park Falls 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 25,000 acres, 
                known as the ``Southeast Great Divide Cluster'', 
                including parcels known as or near Snoose Lake, Cub 
                Lake, Springbrook Hardwoods, upper Moose River, East 
                Fork Chippewa River, upper Torch River, Venison Creek, 
                upper Brunet River, Bear Lake Slough, and Noname Lake, 
                and located in Ashland and Sawyer Counties, in the 
                State of Wisconsin.
                    (H) Diamond roof cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Nicolet National Forest, Lakewood-Laona Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, known as 
                ``Diamond Roof Cluster'', including parcels known as 
                McCaslin Creek, Ada Lake, Section 10 Lake, and Diamond 
                Roof, and located in Forest, Langlade and Oconto 
                Counties, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (I) Argonne forest cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 12,000 acres, known as 
                ``Argonne Forest Cluster'', including parcels known as 
                Argonne Experimental Forest, Scott Creek, Atkins Lake, 
                and Island Swamp, and located in Forest County, in the 
                State of Wisconsin.
                    (J) Bonita grade.--Certain land in the Nicolet 
                National Forest, Lakewood-Laona Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 1,200 acres, known as ``Bonita 
                Grade'', including parcels near Mountain Lakes, Temple 
                Lake, and Second South Branch, First South Branch, and 
                South Branch Oconto River, and located in Langlade 
                County, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (K) Franklin and butternut lakes cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-
                Florence Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 
                acres, known as ``Franklin and Butternut Lakes 
                Cluster'', including parcels known as Bose Lake 
                Hemlocks, Luna White Deer, Echo Lake, Franklin and 
                Butternut Lakes, Wolf Lake, Upper Ninemile, Meadow, and 
                Bailey Creeks, and located in Forest and Onieda 
                Counties, in the State of Wisconsin.
                    (L) Lauterman lake and kieper creek.--Certain land 
                in the Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,500 acres, 
                known as ``Lauterman Lake and Kieper Creek'', and 
                located in Florence County, in the State of Wisconsin.
            (26) Wyoming: sand creek area.--
                    (A) In general.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 8,300 acres 
                known as the ``Sand Creek area'', located in Crook 
                County, in the State of Wyoming, and situated in the 
                far northwest corner of the Black Hills.
                    (B) Boundary.--Beginning in the northwest corner 
                and proceeding counterclockwise, the boundary for the 
                Sand Creek Area roughly follows--
                            (i) forest Roads 863, 866, 866.1B;
                            (ii) a line linking forest roads 866.1B and 
                        802.1B;
                            (iii) forest road 802.1B;
                            (iv) forest road 802.1;
                            (v) an unnamed road;
                            (vi) Spotted Tail Creek (excluding all 
                        private land);
                            (vii) forest road 829.1;
                            (viii) a line connecting forest roads 829.1 
                        and 864;
                            (ix) forest road 852.1; and
                            (x) a line connecting forest roads 852.1 
                        and 863.
    (d) Committee of Scientists.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretaries concerned shall appoint 
        a committee consisting of scientists who--
                    (A) are not officers or employees of the Federal 
                Government;
                    (B) are not officers or employees of any entity 
                engaged in whole or in part in the production of wood 
                or wood products; and
                    (C) have not contracted with or represented any 
                entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B) in a period 
                beginning 5 years before the date on which the 
                scientist is appointed to the committee.
            (2) Recommendations for additional special areas.--Not 
        later than 2 years of the date of the enactment of this Act, 
        the committee shall provide Congress with recommendations for 
additional special areas.
            (3) Candidate areas.--
                    (A) In general.--Candidate areas for recommendation 
                as additional special area shall have outstanding 
                biological values that are exemplary on a regional, 
                national, and international level, including the 
                presence of--
                            (i) threatened or endangered species of 
                        plants or animals;
                            (ii) rare or endangered ecosystems;
                            (iii) key habitats necessary for the 
                        recovery of endangered or threatened species;
                            (iv) recovery or restoration areas of rare 
                        or underrepresented forest ecosystems;
                            (v) migration corridors;
                            (vi) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
                            (vii) old growth forests;
                            (viii) commercial fisheries; and
                            (ix) sources of clean water such as key 
                        watersheds.
            (4) Governing principle--The committee shall adhere to the 
        principles of conservation biology in identifying special areas 
        based on biological values.

SEC. 204. RESTRICTIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANCIENT FORESTS, 
              ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, SPECIAL 
              AREAS, AND FEDERAL BOUNDARY AREAS.

    (a) Restriction of Management Activities.--On Federal land located 
in ancient forests, roadless areas (except military installations), 
watershed protection areas (except military installations), special 
areas, and Federal boundary areas--
            (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
            (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted; and
            (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
        shall be permitted.
    (b) Maintenance of Existing Roads.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        restrictions described in subsection (a) shall not prohibit the 
        maintenance of an improved road, or any road accessing private 
        inholdings.
            (2) Abandoned roads.--Any road that the Secretary concerned 
        determines to have been abandoned before the date of enactment 
        of this Act shall not be maintained or reconstructed.
    (c) Enforcement.--
            (1) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary concerned and the 
        Attorney General of the United States shall enforce this 
        section against any person that violates this section.
            (2) Citizen suits.--
                    (A) In general.--A citizen harmed by a violation of 
                this section may enforce this section by bringing an 
                action for a declaratory judgment, a temporary 
                restraining order, an injunction, statutory damages, or 
                other remedy against any alleged violator, including 
                the United States, in any district court of the United 
                States.
                    (B) Judicial relief.--If a district court of the 
                United States determines that a violation of this 
                section has occurred, the district court--
                            (i) shall impose a damage award of not less 
                        than $5,000;
                            (ii) may issue 1 or more injunctions or 
                        other forms of equitable relief; and
                            (iii) shall award to each prevailing party 
                        the reasonable costs of bringing the action, 
                        including attorney's fees, witness fees, and 
                        other necessary expenses.
                    (C) Standard of proof.--The standard of proof in 
                all actions under this paragraph shall be the 
                preponderance of the evidence.
                    (D) Trial.--A trial for any action under this 
                section shall be de novo.
                    (E) Payment of damages.--
                            (i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award 
                        under subparagraph (B)(i) shall be paid by a 
                        non-Federal violator or violators designated by 
                        the court to the Treasury.
                            (ii) Federal violator.--
                                    (I) In general.--Not later than 40 
                                days after the date on which judgment 
                                is rendered, a damage award under 
                                subparagraph (B)(i) for which the 
                                United States is determined to be 
                                liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 
                                as provided under section 1304 of title 
                                31, United States Code, to the person 
                                or persons designated to receive the 
                                damage award.
                                    (II) Use of damage award.--A damage 
                                award described under subclause (I) 
                                shall be used by the recipient to 
                                protect or restore native biodiversity 
                                on Federal land or on land adjoining 
                                Federal land.
                                    (III) Court costs.--Any award of 
                                costs of litigation and any award of 
                                attorney fees shall be paid by a 
                                Federal violator not later than 40 days 
                                after the date on which judgment is 
                                rendered.
            (3) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
                    (A) In general.--The United States (including 
                agents and employees of the United States) waives its 
                sovereign immunity in all respects in all actions under 
                this section.
                    (B) Notice.--No notice is required to enforce this 
                subsection.

                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

SEC. 301. IN GENERAL.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the 
date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 302. EFFECT ON EXISTING CONTRACTS.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not apply to any 
contract for the sale of timber that was entered into on or before the 
date of enactment of this Act.
                                 <all>
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