FINAL 2007 AQMP 

APPENDIX VI 

REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROLMEASURES 

(RACM) DEMONSTRATION 

JUNE 2007
 

 

SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 

GOVERNING BOARD 

Chairman: WILLIAM A. BURKE, Ed.D. 

 Speaker of the Assembly Appointee 

Vice Chairman: S. ROY WILSON, Ed.D. 

 Supervisor, Fourth District 

 Riverside County Representative 

MEMBERS:

MICHAEL D. ANTONOVICH 

Supervisor, Fifth District 

Los Angeles County Representative 

BILL CAMPBELL 

Supervisor, Third District 

Orange County Representative 

JANE W. CARNEY 

Senate Rules Committee Appointee 

RONALD O. LOVERIDGE 

Mayor, City of Riverside Cities 

Representative, Riverside County 

GARY OVITT 

Supervisor, Fourth District 

San Bernardino County Representative 

JAN PERRY 

Councilmember, City of Los Angeles 

Cities Representative, Los Angeles County, Western Region 

MIGUEL A. PULIDO 

Mayor, City of Santa Ana 

Cities Representative, Orange County 

TONIA REYES URANGA 

Councilmember, City of Long Beach 

Cities Representative, Los Angeles County, Eastern Region 

VACANT 

Governor’s Appointee 

DENNIS YATES 

Mayor, City of Chino 

Cities Representative, San Bernardino County 

EXECUTIVE OFFICER

BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN, D.Env 
CONTRIBUTORS

South Coast Air Quality Management District 

Barry R. Wallerstein, D.Env. 

Executive Officer 

Elaine Chang, DrPH 

Deputy Executive Officer 

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources 

Laki Tisopulos, Ph.D., P.E. 

Assistant Deputy Executive Officer 

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources 

Joseph Cassmassi Zorik Pirveysian 

Planning and Rules Manager Environmental Technology Assessment Manager 

Planning, Rule Development, & Area Sources Science & Technology Advancement 

Author 

SCAQMD - Planning, Rule Development, Area Sources 

Minh Pham, P.E., Air Quality Specialist 

Contributors 

SCAQMD – Planning, Rule Development, Area Sources Engineering And Compliance 

Edward Eckerle, Program Supervisor Kien Huynh, P.E., Air Quality Engineer 

Kennard Ellis, Air Quality Specialist Ngoc Tran, Air Quality Engineer 

Bill Milner, Air Quality Specialist Charles Tupac, P.E., Air Quality Analyses Compliance Supervisor 

Ed Muehlbacher, P.E., Program Supervisor 

Pamela Perryman, Air Quality Specialist CARB 

Gary Quinn, P.E., Program Supervisor Lucille Van Ommering, Staff Air Pollution Specialist 

Dan Russell, Air Quality Specialist 

SCAG 

Science & Technology Advancement Jonathan Nadler, Program Manager 

Marty Kay, P.E. Program Supervisor 

U.S. EPA 

 David Jesson, EPA Region IX, Staff Member 

Reviewed By 

Barbara Baird, J.D. - Principal Deputy District Counsel 
Table of Contents 

i 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................VI-1 

PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING REASONABLY AVAILABLE 

CONTROL MEASURES - .........................................................................................VI-1 

EVALUATION OF SCAQMD’S 2007 CONTROL MEASURES .................................VI-3 

Step 1 - AQMP Summit .................................................................................... VI-3 

Step 2 - U.S. EPA Suggested List of Control Measures................................... VI-4 

Step 3 - RACT Revised by U.S. EPA in September 2006................................ VI-4 

Step 4 - Other Districts’ Current Rules and Regulations.................................. VI-5 

Step 5 - Additional Studies and Analyses......................................................... VI-6 

CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................VI-6

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - 8-Hour Ozone Designations ............................................................ VI-10

Table 2 – U.S. EPA Control Measures for PM2.5 Implementation ............... VI-11 

Table 3 – Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations............................ VI-13 

Table 4 – Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures VI-39 
Final 2007 AQMP 

VI - 1 

INTRODUCTION 

The Clean Air Act, Section 172(c)(1), requires a non-attainment plan to: 

“provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures as 

expeditiously as practicable (including such reductions in emissions from existing 

sources in the area as may be obtained through the adoption, at a minimum, of 

reasonably available control technology), and shall provide for attainment of the 

national primary ambient air quality standards.” 

Reasonable measures are those measures that are technologically and economically 

feasible within the non-attainment area. A demonstration for RACM should be provided 

with the State Implementation Plan (SIP). The U.S. EPA’s long-standing interpretation 

of the RACM provision is that the states should consider all candidate measures that are 

available, including any measures that have been suggested; however, states are not 

obligated to adopt all measures. However, the RACM demonstration should show that 

there are no additional reasonable measures available that would advance the attainment 

date by at least one year or contribute to RFP for the area.1

 On July 2, 2002, the U.S. 

Court of Appeals upheld U.S. EPA’s definition of RACM, including the consideration of 

economic and technological feasibility, the ability to cause substantial widespread and 

long-term adverse impacts, the collective ability of the measures to advance a region’s 

attainment date, and whether an intensive or costly effort will be required to implement 

the measures. The objective of this Appendix is to demonstrate that District staff has 

satisfied the requirement of the Clean Air Act in developing the control measures for the 

2007 AQMP. 

PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROL 

MEASURES 

The South Coast air basin is the only area in the nation currently classified as Severe-172

for 8-hour ozone. The South Coast’s AQMP is built on a two-step strategy, first to attain 

PM2.5 in 2015 and then to attain 8-hour ozone in 2024. District staff’s goal is to 

incorporate all feasible control measures for directly emitted PM2.5 and precursors of 

PM2.5 and ozone (NOx, SOx, VOC, ammonia) while balancing costs and 

socioeconomic impacts. 

To identify all Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM), which include all 

Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT), District staff conducted multiple 

internal meetings with the Technology Advancement Office and Engineering & 

Compliance Division as well as with staff from the California Air Resources Board 

 

1

 Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule – For Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards, 40 CFR Part 51, 

March 29, 2007. 

2

 A “bump-up” request to “Extreme” non-attainment classification is necessary. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 2

(CARB), California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA), technical experts from 

a variety of fields, local government representatives, and the public, to collect a wide 

range of innovative ideas and concepts. 

In order to ensure that all feasible control measures for PM2.5 were considered, District 

staff reviewed for inclusion the control measure concepts suggested by the U.S. EPA for 

PM2.5 non-attainment areas in the Final Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5 

Standards.3 

Because it is classified as Severe-17, the South Coast air district rules and regulations 

should be at least as stringent as the rules and regulations implemented by other 

agencies. Staff re-evaluated all 82 SCAQMD source-specific rules and regulations, and 

compared current requirements in these rules with those implemented by the Sacramento 

Metropolitan, San Joaquin Valley, Ventura, and San Francisco Bay Area air districts. 

Staff selected the four districts above based on the severity of their 8-hour ozone nonattainment classification and their near-term attainment dates as shown in Table 1 – 8-

Hour Ozone Designations, as follows: 

• San Joaquin Valley, classified as Serious with a June 2013 attainment date 

• Sacramento Metro, classified as Serious with a June 2013 attainment date 

• Ventura, classified as Moderate with a June 2010 attainment date, and 

• San Francisco Bay Area, classified as Marginal with a June 2007 attainment 

date. 

In addition, District staff compared the applicable rules with the four control technique 

guidelines recently published by the U.S. EPA in September 2006 for coating and 

printing operations. 

Because it is classified as Severe-17, the South Coast air district should at least 

implement and adopt control measures as stringent as the control measures adopted by 

other agencies in the nation. As shown in Appendix IV-A, District staff conducted 

research and evaluated the South Coast control measures (not including control 

measures for mobile sources and transportation control measures) against more than 100 

control measures endorsed and published by the following seven agencies: 

• Draft 2007 8-Hour Ozone Plan - San Joaquin Valley, California (Serious) 

• Draft 2007 8-Hour Ozone Plan - Sacramento Metropolitan, California (Serious) 

• Final 2006 1-hour Ozone Plan - San Francisco Bay Area, California (Moderate) 

 

3

 Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule – For Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards, 40 CFR Part 51, 

March 29, 2007. 
Final 2007 AQMP 

VI - 3 

• Final 2007 Control Strategies for 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Demonstration - 

North Central Texas Council of Governments, developed for Dallas & Fort 

Worth (DFW) and Houston, Galveston & Brazoria (HGB), Texas (Moderate) 

• Draft 2005 8-Hour Control Concepts – Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium 

developed for the Midwest states 

To be considered as RACM, feasible clean-air technologies must be cost-effective, as 

indicated by the U.S. EPA in the Final Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM2.5 

Standards: 

“In considering what level of control is reasonable, EPA is not proposing a fixed 

dollar per ton cost threshold for RACT...Where essential reductions are more difficult 

to achieve (e.g., because many sources are already controlled), the cost per ton may 

necessarily be higher. It is not appropriate to assume that the same cost per ton 

range is reasonable for direct PM2.5 and different precursors, because an equal 

amount of emission reduction in different pollutants has a different impact on PM2.5 

ambient levels...reductions of direct PM2.5 emissions may prove more expansive than 

reductions of NOx emissions, but the resulting benefits of reductions of direct PM2.5 

might warrant a higher costs.”

In this Appendix, staff considered that clean-air technologies included in the air quality 

management plans of other air quality management districts in California, as well as 

outside of California, were reasonably cost-effective to be included in the SCAQMD 8-

Hour Ozone AQMP. Cost effectiveness analyses of the control measures, when 

available, were provided in Appendix IV-A and IV-B. District staff will continue its 

efforts to develop cost effectiveness estimates for the remaining measures. During the 

rule development process, cost effectiveness, as well as emission inventories and 

potential emission reductions, will be carefully reviewed and assessed. An evaluation of 

the SCAQMD control measures is provided below. 

EVALUATION OF SCAQMD’S 2007 CONTROL MEASURES 

Step 1 - AQMP Summit 

District staff conducted a 2007 AQMP Summit in June 2006 with participation over 125 

attendees including experts from a variety of areas and the public to solicit new and 

innovative concepts to assist the Basin in attaining the ambient air quality standards for 

PM10 by 2015 and ozone by 2021. In total, District staff received about 200 control 

measure suggestions. In general, District staff was advised to 1) promote electrification; 

2) focus on technology that improves energy efficiency and protects global warming; 3) 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 4

influence consumer awareness and choice on low- or zero-VOC products; 4) incentivize 

low- or zero-emission control technologies; 5) promote the use of remote sensing to 

detect high polluters, and 6) improve public participation and multi-agency 

collaboration. 

Step 2 - U.S. EPA Suggested List of Control Measures 

Clean Air Act Section 172 does not provide a specific list of source categories and 

control measures that must be evaluated for PM2.5 or ozone RACM. To provide 

guidance to states on PM2.5 RACT and RACM, the U.S. EPA reviewed the emission 

inventory information for more than 200 counties in the nation that are currently 

classified as PM2.5 non-attainment and a wide variety of information sources to identify 

a list of available control measures. Consequently, the U.S. EPA published a list of 

suggested potential RACT and RACM for PM2.5 in the Final Implementation Rule for 

the 1997 PM2.5 Standards. The U.S. EPA does not have any list for 8-hour ozone 

RACM. As shown in Table 2 – RACT and RACM from U.S. EPA for PM2.5 

Implementation, District staff has developed control measures for each PM2.5 RACT 

and RACM provided by the U.S. EPA. 

Step 3 - RACT Revised by U.S. EPA in September 2006 

As required in Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 172(c)(1) the State Implementation Plan for 

non-attainment areas must include RACM, which in turn must reflect RACT. The U.S. 

EPA defines RACT as: 

 “lowest emission limitation that a particular source is capable of meeting by the 

application of control technology that is reasonably available considering 

technological and economic feasibility”. 

Section 182(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act provides that States must revise their State 

Implementation Plan to include RACT for VOC sources covered by a Control 

Techniques Guidelines (CTG) document issued by the U.S. EPA after November 15, 

1990 and prior to the area’s date of attainment. The Clean Air Act requires the U.S. 

EPA to revise RACT, update existing CTG documents, or develop new documents, on a 

frequent basis to provide states and local agencies with most current technical 

information and assist them in determining RACT. In September 2006, the U.S. EPA 

updated the CTGs of: 

• Offset Lithographic and Letterpress Printing 

• Flexible Packaging Printing 

• Industrial Cleaning Solvents 

• Flat Wood Paneling Coatings 
Final 2007 AQMP 

VI - 5 

District staff compared the current requirements in the SCAQMD’s Rule 1104 – Wood 

Flat Stock Coating Operation (amended 8/13/99), Rule 1171 – Solvent Cleaning 

Operations (amended 7/14/06), and Rule 1130 – Graphics Arts (amended in 10/8/99) 

with the requirements in the revised CTGs. Rule 1104 and Rule 1171 meet the 

stringency requirements in the CTGs; however, Rule 1130 does not meet the 

recommended alcohol content in fountain solution for sheet-fed presses and heat-set web 

presses. District staff will make the necessary corrections in forthcoming rulemaking as 

part of Control Measure MCS-07 – Application of All Feasible Measures as shown in 

Table 3. 

Step 4 - Other Districts’ Current Rules and Regulations 

District staff reviewed all rules and regulations recently adopted or amended, from 2000 

to 2006, by San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento, Ventura and San Francisco air districts, 

and compared the requirements in these rules with those in the South Coast. District 

staff selected these districts based on the severity of their classifications and near-term 

attainment dates. 

Table 3 contains a brief description of the 82 source-specific rules that staff analyzed 

and a summary of other districts’ requirements, only if they were more stringent than the 

South Coast’s rules. In addition, Table 3 also includes a description of the control 

measures adopted by other agencies for their own 8-hour Ozone AQMP, and 

information on advanced technologies or U.S. EPA consent decrees that District staff is 

aware of that may result in additional emission reductions. In general, the District’s 

current rules and regulations are equivalent to or more stringent than those developed by 

other air districts, with few exceptions shown in Table 3 where improvements are 

possible. Consequently, District staff developed several control measures to address 

these areas, such as Control Measure MCS-01 – Facility Modernization, MCS-07 – 

Application of All Feasible Measures, CMB-02 – Reduction of Emissions in RECLAIM. 

Table 3 identifies these control measures. In general, the areas identified are to explore 

the feasibility of: 

• Lowering emission limit and increasing level of control in order to promote 

cleaner technologies; 

• Lowering VOC content of coatings/solvents; 

• Establishing standards and test methods for generic control equipment; 

• Lowering release or leak thresholds, encouraging continuous wireless 

monitoring, improving leak detection, repair, inspection and maintenance, and 

adding best management practices. 

Regarding technological and economic feasibility, District staff expected that 

technologies and measures which are available and cost-effective to implement in other 

air districts in California, would be available and cost-effective for use in the South 

Coast Basin in a timely manner. Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 6

is reevaluated every three years. Emission inventory, emission reduction, and costeffectiveness including health benefits are fine-tuned on an ongoing basis, especially 

during the rule development process. In addition, District staff commits to monitor the 

rule development in other air districts, and will conduct further study and reevaluate the 

feasibility of revising the requirements in existing rules if necessary. Instead of 

amending existing rules, new rules may be adopted to implement the control measures 

described in the 2007 AQMP in a more effective manner. Prioritization and schedule of 

adoption and implementation is discussed in Chapter 7. 

Step 5 - Additional Studies and Analyses 

In addition to all of the above analyses, District staff and SCAG have completed the 

following analyses to meet the requirements of the Clean Air Act: 

• Evaluating control measures developed by other air districts for their air quality 

management plans as described in Appendix IV-A. 

• Specific costs and cost analyses of each SCAQMD’s stationary source and 

mobile source control measure, if available, are provided in Appendix IV-A and 

B. 

• Schedule for implementing the control measures is discussed in Chapter 7, 

which demonstrates that District staff will implement the control measures as 

expeditiously as practicable considering resources and budgets. 

• Transportation control measures must be included in the RACM analysis. 

Consequently, SCAG has completed a RACM determination for transportation 

control measures as shown in Appendix IV-C - Regional Transportation Strategy 

& Control Measures. 

• A SCAQMD 8-Hour Ozone Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) 

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Demonstration project was completed and 

subsequently forwarded to U.S. EPA in June 2006. District staff concluded that 

1) All SCAQMD rules to implement the 1-hour ozone SIP fulfill RACT for the 

8-hour ozone SIP; 2) All CTG sources and all major non-CTG sources in the 

Basin are subject to SIP-approved rules and therefore meet RACT requirements. 

CONCLUSION 

Following is the summary of District staff’s findings: 

1) District staff has evaluated and analyzed all reasonable control measures that were 

currently available for inclusion in the 2007 AQMP. 

2) The control measures in the 2007 AQMP have included all RACM provided by the 

public and experts. 
Final 2007 AQMP 

VI - 7 

3) The control measures in the 2007 AQMP have included all RACT and RACM 

recommended by U.S. EPA in the Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule 

for Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards. 

4) In general the SCAQMD ’s rules and regulations are equivalent to, or more stringent 

than, other districts’ rules and regulations and their proposed control measures in their 

respective State Implementation Plans. In several areas identified in Table 3, the 

existing source-specific rules may be amended to lower the emissions standards, 

promote cleaner technologies, add additional best management practices, and improve 

enforceability. District staff will monitor the rule development of other air districts, 

explore all feasibilities, and conduct further analyses to refine the emission inventory, 

emission reductions, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Nevertheless, District staff has 

included one or more control measures in its 2007 AQMP to facilitate these activities. 

5) District staff has developed 37 stationary source control measures that contained all 

measures included in other districts’ air quality management plans. In addition, District 

staff has developed many innovative stationary source control measures, such as 

Control Measure MCS-01 – Facility Modernization, CTS-02 - Clean Coating 

Certification, MCS-07 – Application of All Feasible Measures, and FLX-01 – 

Economic Incentive Programs, that were not included in other districts’ air quality 

management plans. 

6) The few available control measures that District staff did not include collectively would 

not advance the attainment date or contribute to RFP for the Basin because of the 

insignificant or non-quantifiable amount of emission reductions that they may 

potentially generate. 

7) The RACM demonstration for transportation control measures are included in 

Appendix IV-C, and all mobile source control measures provided by CARB to 

SCAQMD are deemed RACM.4

 

4

 E-mail from Lucille Van Ommering to Minh Pham, titled “Response on the offer to work on mobile source RACM 

Analysis”, dated February 7, 2007. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 8

REFERENCES 

CARB, Discussion Paper - Air Resources Board SIP Symposium - Concepts for State and 

Federal Measures & Descriptions of Draft Near-Term State and Federal Control Concepts, 

October 2006. 

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Industrial Cleaning Solvents, EPA 453/R-06-001, 

September 2006. 

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Offset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress 

Printing, EPA 453/R-06-002, September 2006. 

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Flexible Package Printing, EPA 453/R-06-003, 

September 2006. 

EPA Control Techniques Guidelines for Flat Wood Paneling Coatings, EPA 453/R-06-004, 

September 2006. 

EPA Memorandum, Guidance on the Reasonably Available Control Measure (RACM) 

Requirement and Attainment Demonstration Submissions for Ozone Non-attainment Areas, 

from John S. Seitz, Director of Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards to Regional Air 

Division Directors, Region I – X, November 30, 1999. www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t1pgm.html

EPA Final Rule to Implement the 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard – 

Phase 2; Federal Register, Volume 70, pages 71659 – 71661. 

EPA Final Rule to Implement the Fine Particle National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 

March 29, 2007. 

North Central Texas Council of Governments, Final 8-Hour Attainment Demonstration SIP 

Control Strategies – Review of Emission Reduction Control Strategies for Nitrogen Oxides 

(NOx) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) for the North Central Texas Ozone Nonattainment Area, Prepared by Environ, August 29, 2006. 

Port of Los Angeles & Port of Long Beach - Final San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action 

Plan, November 20, 2006. 

Personal Communication, e-mails from David Jesson of EPA Region IX to Minh Pham of 

SCAQMD – RACM Requirements and Final Draft 2007 AQMP, November & December 

2006. 
Final 2007 AQMP 

VI - 9 

Personal Communication, e-mail from Lucille Van Ommering of CARB to Minh Pham of 

SCAQMD – Response on the Offer to Work on Mobile Source RACM Analysis, dated 

February 7, 2007. 

San Joaquin Valley APCD, Final Draft 2007 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Plan, January 29, 

2007. 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Draft 2007 Regional 8-Hour 

Ozone Attainment Plan – Proposed Control Measures, November 2006. 

SCAQMD, Status Report on Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach Clean Air Action 

Plan, and AQMD Staff Comments; and Adopt Resolution to Set Aside Heavy-Duty Vehicle 

Clean-up Assistance Funding, Agenda #27, Governing Board Meeting November 3, 2006. 

SCAQMD, Adopt SCAQMD 8-Hour Reasonably Available Control Technology State 

Implementation Plan, Agenda #37, Governing Board Meeting, July 7, 2006. 

SCAQMD, Technical Assessment for Rule 463 – Organic Liquid Storage, November 2005. 

SCAQMD, Technical Assessment for Rule 1125 – Metal Container, Closure, and Coil 

Coating Operations, February 2005. 

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Dallas-Forth Worth Cement Kiln Study - 

Assessment of NOx Emissions Reduction Strategies for Cement Kilns – Ellis County, Final 

Report, July 14, 2006. 

Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, RACT SIP Analysis & Letter from Michael 

Villegas, Ventura APCD, to Andrew Steckel, EPA Region 9, June 2006. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 10

TABLE 1 

8-Hour Ozone Designations 

Non-Attainment Area Classification Attainment Date 

Los Angeles South Coast Air Basin, California Severe-17 June 2021 

San Joaquin Valley, California Serious June 2013 

Sacramento Metro, California Serious June 2013 

Ventura County, California Moderate June 2010 

San Francisco Bay Area, California Marginal June 2007 

Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas (DFW) Moderate June 2010 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Texas (HGB) Moderate June 2010 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 11 

TABLE 2 

U.S. EPA RACT and RACM for PM2.5 Implementation 

Control Measure Concept for PM2.5 Note 1 AQMP Control 

Measure 

Stationary Source Measures

Stationary diesel engine retrofit, rebuild or replacement, with 

catalyzed particle filter 

Rule 1470 

Proposed Rule 1110.2 

New or upgraded emission control requirements for direct PM2.5 

emissions at stationary sources (e.g., baghouse or electrostatic 

precipitator; improved monitoring methods) 

BCM-01 

Improved capture of particulate emissions BCM-01 

New or upgraded emission controls for PM2.5 precursors at stationary 

sources (e.g., wet/dry scrubbers) 

MCS-07 

Energy efficiency measures to reduce fuel consumption MCS-03 

Measures to reduce fugitive dust from industrial sites BCM-01, BCM-02. 

MCS-07 

Mobile Source Measures 

On-road diesel engine retrofits for school buses and trucks using U.S. 

EPA-verified technologies 

ARB-ONRD-04 

Nonroad diesel engine retrofit, rebuild/replace with catalyzed particle 

filter 

ARB-OFFRD-04 

Diesel idling programs for trucks, locomotive, and other mobile 

sources 

Existing rule Note 2

ARB-ONRD-01 Note 3

Transportation control measures (including those listed in section 

108(f) of the CAA as well as other TCMs), as well as other 

transportation demand management and transportation systems 

management strategies 

TCM 

Programs to reduce emissions or accelerate retirement of high 

emitting vehicles, boats, lawn and garden equipment 

ARB-ONRD-04 to 05, 

ARB-OFRD-01 to 05 

SCONRD-01, 03, 04, 

SCOFFRD-01 to 04, 06

Emissions testing and repair/maintenance programs for on-road 

vehicles 

ARB-ONRD-01, 

MOB-05 and 06 

Emissions testing and repair/maintenance programs for non-road 

heavyduty vehicles and equipment 

Note 4 

Programs to expand use of clean burning fuels SC-FUEL-01, 02 

Opacity/emissions standards for ``gross-emitting'' diesel equipment or 

vessels 

ARB-ONRD-01 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Available Control Measures

VI - 12

TABLE 2 (continued) 

U.S. EPA RACT and RACM for PM2.5 Implementation 

Area Source Measures 

New open burning regulations and/or measures BCM-04 

Smoke management programs to minimize emissions from forest and 

agricultural burning activities 

BCM-04 

Reduce emissions from woodstoves and fireplaces BCM-03 

Regulate charbroiling/other commercial cooking operations BCM-05 

Reduce solvent usage or solvent substitution (particularly for organic 

compounds with 7 carbon atoms or more, such as toluene, xylene, and 

trimethyl benzene) 

CTS-03 

Category-Specific Guidelines on Innovative Approaches 

Electric-sector Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Measures MOB-07, MCS-03 

Long Duration Switch Yard Locomotive Idling Note 5 

Long Duration Truck Idling Note 5 

Clean Diesel Combustion Technology Note 5 

Commuter Choice Program TCM 

Note: 1) The U.S. EPA Final Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule for Implementation of 1997 PM2.5 Standards, 

March 29, 2007. 2) CARB Title 13, Section 1956.8. 3) In ARB-ONRD-01, CARB proposes to include emissions 

testing and repair/maintenance programs for on-road mobile sources in its Smog Check program in order to identify high 

emitters and initiate repair of such vehicles appropriately. 4) Emission testing, maintenance and repair provisions will be 

built in the rules during rule development to implement applicable off-road control measures. 5) If there are any 

additional SIP emission reductions that could be accounted for using these innovative technology, they would be 

addressed by CARB during the rule development of their on-road and off-road control measures. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 13 

TABLE 3 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1101 SOx Secondary Lead Smelters –

Sulfur Oxides (Amended 10/7/77) 

200 ppmv SOx and 4.2 lbs SOx per ton process weight 

1102 VOC Petroleum Solvent Dry 

Cleaners (Amended 11/17/00) 

Maximum usage 15 gals per month and various equipment specifications and operating requirements. Exemptions provided for certain types of dry cleaning provided that detergents and additives must be less than 50 g/l VOC. 

1103 VOC Pharmaceuticals and 

Cosmetics Manufacturing (Amended 3/12/99) 

For reactors, distillation columns, crystallizers, or centrifuges: 15 lbs/day VOC or use surface condensers. For air dryers: 90% control efficiency or 33 lbs/day VOC. Also include other various operating requirements. 

1104 VOC Wood Flat Stock Coating 

Operation (Amended 8/13/99) 

2.1 lbs/gal, less water and exempt solvent. In lieu of VOC limit, use control device having 95% control efficiency (or 50 ppmv outlet) and 90% collecting efficiency 

1105 SOx Fluid Catalytic Cracking 

Units – Oxides of Sulfur (Amended 9/1/84) 

132 lbs SOx per barrel of feed. FCCU is currently subject to RECLAIM 

Following the U.S. EPA consent decrees, several refineries in the District achieved emission levels as low as 25 ppmv (365 day average) and 50 ppmv (7 day avg) 

Possibilthrough CMB-0RECLA
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 14

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1105.1 PM, 

NH3 

Reduction of PM10 and Ammonia Emissions From Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (Adopted 11/7/03) 

0.005 grain/dscf PM10 and 10 ppmv NH3 slip 

1106 VOC Marine Coating Operations 

(Amended 1/13/95) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 275 – 780 g/L. In lieu of complying with specific emission limits, operator can use air pollution control system with at least 85% efficiency. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

Ventura Rule 74.24 (Amended 11/11/03) generally has the same limits as South Coast Rule 1106, except the limit for special marking of items such as flight decks, ship numbers is 420 g/l instead of 490 g/l in South Coast Rule 1106. Bay Area Rule 8-43 (Amended 10/16/02) generally has the same limits as South Coast Rule 1106, except it has lower limit for pretreatment wash primer at 420 g/l compared to 780 g/l in South Coast Rule 1106 

There is the 420 of items In additto the 4wash prhave veamount benefits

1106.1 VOC Pleasure Craft Coating 

Operations (Amended 2/12/99) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 340 – 780 g/L. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

Ventura Rule 74.24.1 (Amended 01/08/02) has similar coating limits as South Coast Rule 1106.1 and requires coating be applied by methods capable of achieving at least 65% transfer efficiency (e.g. hand application or HVLP). 

Due to a removed requirem
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 15 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1107 VOC Coating of Metal Parts and 

Products (Amended 1/6/06) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 2.3 lbs/gal – 3.5 lbs/gal. In lieu of complying with specific emission limits, operator can use air pollution control system with at least 95% control efficiency (or 5 ppmv outlet) and 90% capture efficiency. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

Ventura Rule 74.12 (Amended 11/11/03) generally has the same coating-specific limits as South Coast Rule 1107, except for metallic coating limit is 3 lb/gal which is slightly lower than South Coast’s limit at 3.5 lb/gal; and requires solvents used for surface preparation and clean up to meet 70 g/l, higher than South Coast Rule 1171 limit at 25 g/l. 

Explore VOC limof appliimplemfollowinMCS-0MCS-07 Feasible 

1108 VOC Cutback Asphalt (Amended 

2/1/85) 

0.5% by volume VOC evaporated at 500 degrees F. 

Ventura Rule 74.28 – Asphalt Roofing Operations (Adopted 5/10/94) has work practice requirements for asphalt roofing operations. South Coast does not have a similar rule. 

Restrict through FUG-03 Cutback 

1108.1 VOC Emulsified Asphalt 

(Amended 11/4/83) 

3% by volume VOC evaporated at 500 degrees F 

1109 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Boilers and Process Heaters – Petroleum Refineries (Amended 8/5/88)

0.03 lbs/mmBTU of heat input (~25 ppmv). Subsumed by RECLAIM. RECLAIM (amended 1/2005 version) used 5 ppmv for >110 mmbtu/hr and 25 ppmv for units 40-100 mmbtu/hr.

San Joaquin current Rule 4306 limits are 5 ppmv for refinery units > 110 mmbtu/hr, 25 ppmv for units > 65 mmbtu/hr, 30 ppmv for units < 20 mmbtu/hr. For other units, 9 ppmv (or 6 ppmv) for units >20 mmbtu/hr and 15 ppmv (or 9 ppmv) for units from 5-20 mmbtu/hr. 

Lower NMCS-07 Feasible 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 16

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

 1110.2 NOx, 

VOC, 

CO 

Emissions from Gaseous and Liquid Fueled Engines (Amended 6/3/05) 

Applicable to engines > 50 bhp • 36 ppmv NOx, 5% oxygen 

on a dry basis, averaged over 15 minutes 

• 250 ppmv VOC, 15% 

oxygen on a dry basis, averaged over 15 minutes 

• 2000 ppmv CO, 5% oxygen 

on a dry basis, averaged over 15 minutes. 

Standards are less stringent for engines that are used for electric power generation; or fired landfill gas, sewage digester gas, oil field-produced gas, or LPG; or used to drive a water supply or conveyance pump; or used for integral engine compressor application operating less than 4000 hours per year. Many of Rule 1110.2 engines are in RECLAIM, RECLAIM, amended 1/2005, had no recommendation for BARCT for this category. However, BARCT analysis is an on-going process that will be reevaluated every three years. 

San Joaquin Valley current Rule 4702 (Amended 4/20/06) has NOx standards of : • 25 ppmv NOx or 96% 

reduction for rich-burn sparkignited engines that are not used in agricultural operations, and 65 ppmv NOx or 90% reduction for lean burn nonagricultural- operational engines. 

• For engines used in 

agricultural operations, the standards are 90 ppmv NOx rich-burn and 50 ppmv leanburn spark-ignited engines. 

• Compression engines must 

meet U.S. EPA’s Tier 4 standards by 2025 or 12 years after installation, whichever is later. 

In their 2007 AQMP, San Joaquin proposes to accelerate replacement of engines with electric motors, either through regulations or incentive programs. North Central Texas final 2007 AQMP proposes to adopt regulation similar to San Joaquin Rule 4702. 

Lower Nthe need standardengines MCS-0MCS-07 Feasible CMB-0SpecificRulemaNOx stalimits in 4702) amonitorJanuary 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 17 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1111 NOx NOx Emissions from 

Natural-Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces (Amended 7/8/83) 

40 nanograms per joule heat output 

1112 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Cement Kilns (Amended 6/6/86) 

Applicable to gray cement only. 11.6 lbs/ton clinker averaged over 24 hours and 6.4 lbs/ton clinker averaged over 30 days. Subsumed by RECLAIM. RECLAIM, amended 1/2005 version, had no recommendation for cement kiln BARCT. However, RECLAIM BARCT analysis is an on-going process and will be evaluated every three years. 

North Central Texas proposes to reduce NOx from cement kilns to 80%-85% using technology such as SCR or LoTOx 

PotentiathroughMCS-07 Feasible 

1112.1 PM Emissions of Particulate 

Matter from Cement Kilns (Amended 2/7/86) 

Applicable to gray cement only. 0.4 lbs PM/tons of kiln feed for kilns rating less than 75 tons per hour; or 30 lbs per hour for kiln rating of 75 tons per hour or more. 

Note: Rule 1156 has more stringent PM limit than this rule. 

1113 VOC Architectural Coatings 

(Amended 7/9/04) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 50 g/L – 730 g/L. Allow averaging. 

1115 VOC Motor Vehicle Assembly 

Line Coating Operations (Amended 5/12/95) 

Limits from 1.2 lbs VOC/gal coating for electrophoretic primer to 15 lbs/gal of applied solids for primer, primer surfacer and topcoat. Cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 18

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1116.1 SOx Lightering Vessel Operations 

– Sulfur Content of Bunker Fuel (Adopted 10/20/78) 

0.5% sulfur by weight 

1117 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Glass Melting Furnaces (Amended 1/6/84) 

4 lb/NOx per ton of glass pulled. Flat glass and fiberglass melting furnaces are exempt. Many of these R1117 units are in RECLAIM. RECLAIM (Amended 1/2005 version) had no BARCT recommendation for this class. However, BARCT analysis is an on-going process and will be reevaluated every three years. 

San Joaquin Rule 4354 – Glass Melting Furnaces (Amended 8/17/06) have NOx, CO, VOC, SOx limits. For NOx, 4 lb/ton for container glass and fiberglass and 7 lb/ton - 9 lb/ton for flat glass melting furnaces. Since there is a potential to lower the standards through BARCT (e.g. scrubber and SCR), San Joaquin proposes to lower the standards for all glass furnaces in their 2007 AQMP. 

Monitor air distrfeasibiliNOx, anstandardMCS-0MCS-07 Feasible 

1118 All Refinery Flares (Amended 

11/4/05) 

• Minimize flare emissions & 

require smokeless operations

• Specify SO2 performance 

target which gradually decreases to less than 0.5 tons per million barrel of crude by 2012. 

• If the performance target is 

exceeded, the operator must 1) pay mitigation fee of $25,000 per ton SO2 in excess of applicable target to a maximum of $4 million; or 2) submit a Flare Mitigation Plan to reduce emissions. 

Bay Area Rule 12-12, adopted 4/5/06, contains similar requirements to those in South Coast’s Rule 1118. However, it does not specify a declining SO2 performance target and does not contain a mitigation fee option. 

Explore minimizthroughMCS-06 Shutdow
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 19 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1118 

(Cont.) 

All Refinery Flares (Amended 

11/4/05) 

• Require Specific Cause 

Analysis for flare event exceeding a threshold of 100 lbs VOC, 500 lbs of SO2, or 500,000 scfm of vent gas, excluding planned shutdown, startup and turnarounds 

• Require 160 ppmv H2S, 3 

hour average by 1/1/2009 

• No limits for NOx, VOC, 

PM and CO. 

San Joaquin Valley Rule 4311, adopted 6/15/06, have VOC and NOx limits for ground-level enclosed flares and operational requirements for all flares that have potential to emit more than 10 tons per year of VOC and more than 10 tons per year of NOx. 

Note thaeight flabasin arare also of Rule 

1119 SOx Petroleum Coke Calcining 

Operations – Oxides of Sulfur (Amended 3/2/79) 

Reduce SOx by 80% 

1120 NOx Asphalt Pavement Heaters 

(Adopted 8/4/78) 

80 ppmv H2S 

1121 NOx Control of Nitrogen Oxides 

from Residential Type, Natural-Gas-Fired Water Heaters (Amended 9/3/04) 

15 ppmv at 3% O2, dry input (or 10 ng/j output) for all stationary water heaters; and 55 ppmv at 3% O2, dry input (40 ng/j output) for mobile water heaters. 

Other Districts’ plans propose to accelerate replacements of old water heaters with electric units or new highly-efficient loweremitting water heaters with the use of incentives. 

Possibilpromote FLX-01 sources 

1122 VOC Solvent Degreasers 

(Amended 10/1/04) 

Contain various work practice and design requirements. 

1123 VOC Refinery Process 

Turnarounds (Amended 12/7/90) 

Vent to storage areas or gas disposal system until pressure in the vessel is below 5 psig or within 5% above the minimum gage pressure at which the vapors can be collected. 

San Joaquin Rule 4454 requires control (vapor recovery and combustion) and depressurization to less than 5 psig. San Joaquin 2007 AQMP control measure proposes to further study the inventory associated with this category. 

Further control MCS-06 MCS-07 Feasible 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 20

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1124 VOC Aerospace Assembly and 

Component Manufacturing Operations (Amended 9/21/01) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 160 – 1000 g/L. Specific high transfer coating applications (e.g. HVLP spray). In lieu of complying with specific emission limits, operator can use air pollution control system with at least 95% control efficiency (or 50 ppmv outlet) and 90% capture efficiency. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

1125 VOC Metal Container, Closure, 

and Coil Coating Operations (Amended 1/13/95) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 0 g/L (for non food cans) – 660 g/L. Specific high transfer coating applications (e.g. HVLP spray). In lieu of complying with specific emission limits, operator can use air pollution control system with at least 95% control efficiency (or 50 ppmv outlet) and 90% capture efficiency, which is equivalent to an overall control efficiency of 85%. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

San Joaquin Rule 4603 and 4604 have limits for 11 categories of specialty coatings ranging from 20 g/l – 750 g/l and some coatings such as end seal compounds at 20 g/l which are more stringent than South Coast limit at 440 g/l (for food/beverage cans). San Joaquin is in the rule making process to lower these standards. Midwest RPO proposes 100% capture and 90% - 95% control efficiency for existing sources and 97% for new/reconstructed sources in this category. 

Explore VOC limMCS-0MCS-07 Feasible The incto 90%-not costthe Sou

Note: Staff Technical Assessment, 2005.
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 21 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1126 VOC Magnet Wire Coating 

Operations (Amended 1/13/95) 

Coating-specific emission limits less than 200 g/L, or use control equipment to achieve equivalent reduction. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

1127 VOC Emission Reductions from 

Livestock Waste (Adopted 8/6/04) 

Good housekeeping practices. Note: The District just adopted Rule 223 in June 2006 to reduce emission for large confined animal facilities. Rule 223 includes series of good management practices that are more stringent than Rule 1127. 

Sacramento Rule 496 – Large Confined Animal Facilities (Adopted 8/24/06), has more stringent control and good management practices than South Coast Rule 1127 (e.g. venting to control system with at least 80% control efficiency). In the 2007 AQMP, San Joaquin Valley proposed to increase the number of good management practices and control efficiency as called for in their existing rule. 

Explore emissioincreasimanageefficienJoaquin throughMCS-05 from NoMCS-07 Feasible 

1128 VOC Paper, Fabric and Film 

Coating Operations (Amended 3/8/96) 

Coating-specific emission limits from 20 – 265 g/L. Specific high transfer coating applications (e.g. HVLP spray). Alternatively, operator can also use control system with at least 95% control efficiency (or 50 ppmv outlet) and 90% capture efficiency. Solvent cleaning operations must contain 15% or less VOC or 85% VOC must be collected and disposed of. 

Midwest RPO proposes 100% capture and 90% - 95% control efficiency for existing sources and 97% for new/reconstructed sources. 

The incto 90%-not costsources basin.(no

Note: Per communication with Bill Milner on February 13, 2007.
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 22

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1130 VOC Graphic Arts (Amended 

10/8/99) 

VOC content limits: 80 g/l – 100 g/l for fountain solution, 150 g/l for adhesives, 225 g/l - 300 g/l for inks and coatings. In lieu of meeting specific emission limits, control device with overall control efficiency from 75% - 85% can be used to achieve equal or better emission reductions. VOC limits for cleaning solutions for printing presses are in Rule 1171 ranging from 25 g/l (0.21 lb/gal) for flexographic printing to 100 g/l (0.83 lb/gal) for lithographic printing (even though 500 g/l is allowed up to end of year 2007.) 

 The U.S. EPA CTG for lithographic and letterpress, September 2006, recommends: 

• Destruction efficiency of 90% 

to 95% depending on the date of installation (or 20 ppmv VOC outlet concentration) for heat-set web offset presses with potential to emit, prior to controls, of at least 25 tpy. 

• For all operations emitting 15 

lb/day, requirements for fountain solution are: 

• 1.6% by weight alcohol 

or less as applied, or 3% if refrigerated chiller is used, or 5% alcohol substitute for heat-set web presses; 

• 5% alcohol for sheet-fed 

presses; 

• 5% alcohol substitute and 

no alcohol in fountain solution for cold-set web presses. 

Rule 11efficiendestructor morefountain through 

MCS-0MCS-07 Feasible 

Note: Per communication with Bill Milner on February 13 and 21, 2007.
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 23 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1130 

(Cont.) 

 The U.S. EPA CTG for 

rotogravure and flexographic, adopted in September 2006, recommends an overall control efficiency of 80% for presses installed after March 1995, and 65% - 75% for older presses. In addition, Midwest 2007 Ozone Plan candidate control measure for rotogravure and flexography printing proposes to increase the requirements for capture efficiency to 100% and destruction efficiency to 90% - 95%. 

1130.1 VOC Screen Printing Operations 

(Amended 12/13/96) 

VOC content limits ranges from 400 g/l – 800 g/l for materials used in screen printing. In lieu of specific emission limits, control device can be used to achieve equal or better reductions, at least 95%. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 24

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1131 VOC Food Product Manufacturing 

and Processing Operations (Amended 6/6/03) 

VOC content limits from 120 – 200 g/L, or air pollution control system with at least 95% control efficiency and 90% capture efficiency. Solvent cleaning operations must contain 15% or less VOC or 85% VOC must be collected and disposed of. 

1132 VOC Further Control of VOC 

from High Emitting Spray Booths (Amended 5/7/04) 

Further reduce emissions by 65% from the baseline primarily through the installation of control devices, beyond and above the use of coatings that comply with existing coating rules. 

1133, 

1133.1, 

1133.2 

VOC, 

NH3 

Composting and Related Operations 

Various performance standards. Air pollution control must have 80% control efficiency or greater. Existing operations must reduce up to 70% baseline VOC and ammonia emissions. Baseline emission factors are 1.78 lbs VOC/ton throughput and 2.93 lbs NH3/ton throughput. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 25 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1134 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Stationary Gas Turbines (Amended 8/8/97) 

Standard = Reference Limit x(Unit Efficiency/25%), where 

reference limit depends on size of units, varying from 9 ppmv for units rating at equal to or larger than 10MW to 25 ppmv for units rating from 0.3 MW to less than 2.9 MW. RECLAIM, amended 1/2005 version, indicated that 5 ppmv was achieved in practice but not cost effective, therefore did not propose BARCT. This analysis may need to be revised based on new information. RECLAIM BARCT is an on-going process that is planned to be reviewed every 3 years. 

Sacramento Rule 413 (Amended 03/24/05) has standards from 9 ppmv – 25 ppmv depending on size of units, but are independent on equipment efficiency. San Joaquin Rule 4703 (Amended 8/17/06) has standards from 5 ppmv – 50 ppmv depending on size of units. Combined cycle units > 10 MW has limit of 3 ppmv. San Joaquin is now proposing to revisit its current rule for further reduction. Ventura Rule 74.9 (Amended 11/08/05) has standards from 25 – 125 ppmv depending on fuel type but are independent from equipment size and efficiency. Control efficiency 90% - 96% control efficiency. In addition, all units have to meet 20 ppmv NH3. 

Reevaluallow unhave higNOx staammoniMCS-07 Feasible 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 26

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1135 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen From Electric Power Generating Systems (Amended 7/19/91) 

Mass emission limits and emission reduction goals for utility boilers. Only City of Glendale is subject to Rule 1135, which is allowed to meet 0.2 lb/MW-hr (or a daily mass limit of 390 lb NOx per day, or an annual limit of 35 tons per year). Other utility boilers are in RECLAIM subject to declining NOx allocations which were determined based on a level of 7 ppmv (about 0.07 lb/MW-hr assuming a heat rate of 8130 Btu/kw-hr), and are operated at various BARCT levels from 5 ppmv – 30 ppmv. (Note)

Ventura Rule 59 (amended 7/15/97) requires: • 0.1 lb NOx/MW-Hr for utility 

boilers and 

• 0.04 lb/MW-hr for auxiliary 

boilers. 

San Joaquin Rule 4306 – Phase 3 (amended 3/17/2005) requires boilers more than 20 mmbtu/hr to comply with the following options:• Standard option of 9 ppmv (or 

0.011 lb/mmbtu) complied by 2005-2007, or 

• Enhanced option of 6 ppmv (or 

0.007 lb/mmbtu) complied by 2006-2008. (Assuming a heat rate of 8130 Btu/kw-hr, 6 ppmv is about 0.06 lb/MW-hr.)

Explore the emisMCS-07 Feasible 

1136 VOC Wood Products Coatings 

(Amended 6/14/96) 

VOC content limits range from 2.3 – 6.3 lbs/gal VOC. Averaging provisions and add-on control are allowed. Transfer efficiency is at least 65%, or operator must use certain type of equipment (e.g. HVLP). Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

Ventura Rule 74.30 (Amended 6/27/06) generally has similar limits as South Coast’s Rule 1136 except that the limit in Ventura is 2 lbs/gal, lower than 2.9 lbs/gal in South Coast, for high-solid stains on new wood products. In lieu of coating specific limits, control equipment achieving 90% efficiency is allowed. No averaging provisions in Ventura. 

Explore VOC limthroughMCS-0MCS-07 Feasible 

Note: RECLAIM facilities have flexibility to operate their utility boilers provided that the total facility emissions must be at or below their based on a level of 7 ppmv. Regarding BARCT levels, per Marty Kay and John Yee, the utility boilers at Southern California Edison, DepPower, and City pf Burbank are operated at a level from 5 – 7 ppmv (1-hr to 1-month avg time) whereas City of Pasadena boilers are operatIn addition, since heat rate (mmbtu per kw-hr) varies with each utility boiler, District staff used 8130 BTU/kw-hr to convert the ppmv to lb/

operated by City of Glendale. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 27 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1137 PM PM10 Reduction From 

Woodworking Operations (Amended 2/1/02) 

Good housekeeping practices Rule 1156 contains emission 

standard for baghouses. 

Set emiefficienBCM-0MCS-0MCS-07 Feasible 

1138 PM Control Of Emissions From 

Restaurant Operations (Amended 11/14/97) 

Require catalytic oxidizer for chain-driven charbroilers. Exemption provided for underfired charbroilers and units cooking less than 875 lbs/week. 

Ventura Rule 74.25 (Adopted 10/12/04) which has equivalent requirements as in Rule 1138. Bay Area Proposed Rule 2 of Regulation 6 (2/13/07) proposed emission standards of 0.74 lbs PM10 and 0.23 lbs VOC per thousand pounds of meat cooked for all chain-driven char-broilers; 1.9 lbs PM10 per thousand pounds of meat cooked for all under-fired charbroilers with combined total grill surface area of at least 10 square feet. The rule also proposed that all hood/ventilation system must meet certain capture efficiency requirements. 

Potentiacontrol BCM-0from Un

1140 PM Abrasive Blasting (Amended 

8/2/85) 

Visibility standard. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 28

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1141 VOC Control of Volatile Organic 

Compound Emissions from Resin Manufacturing (Amended 11/17/00) 

95% - 98% control or 0.12 – 0.5 lbs/1000 lbs of resin produced 

1141.1 VOC Coatings and Ink 

Manufacturing (Amended 11/17/00) 

Operational work practices 

1141.2 VOC Surfactant Manufacturing 

(Amended 1/11/02) 

95% control or 0.5 lbs/1000 lbs of surfactant produced 

1142 VOC Marine Tank Vessel 

Operations (Amended 7/19/91) 

2 lbs/1000 barrels liquid loaded or 95% emissions reduced 

1145 VOC Plastic, Rubber, Leather and 

Glass Coatings (Amended 12/3/04) 

VOC limits: 50–800 lbs VOC per gallon. Avg provisions and add-on control at 95% control efficiency (50 ppmv outlet), 90% capture efficiency. High transfer coating equipment (e.g. HVLP). Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 29 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1146 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Industrial, Institutional and Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters (Amended 11/17/00) 

Applicable to units rating of more than 5 mmbtu/hr. Current limits are: • 30 ppmv NOx for units 

rating more than 40 mmbtu/hr and > 25% annual capacity factor 

• 40 ppmv NOx for units 

ratings from 5 mmbtu/hr to 40 mmbtu/hr and units > 40 mmbtu/hr and < 25% annual capacity factor 

• 400 ppmv CO Many Rule 1146 units are in RECLAIM. RECLAIM (Amended 1/2005 version) recommended 12 ppmv for units less than 20 mmbtu/hr and 9 ppmv for units more than 20 mmbtu/hr 

Sacramento Rule 411 (Amended 10/27/05) limits for gaseous fuel are 9 ppmv for units greater than 20 mmbtu/hr, and 15 ppmv for units from 5 mmbtu/hr to 20 mmbtu/hr. San Joaquin Rule 4306 (Amended 03/17/05) has limits from 5 ppmv –30 ppmv depending on type/size of boilers • 5 ppmv for refinery units 

greater than 110 mmbtu/hr, 

• 6 ppmv for units greater than 

20 mmbtu/hr, 

• 9 ppmv for units less than 20 

mmbtu/hr 

San Joaquin 2007 control measure proposes to lower the limit for boilers/heaters to 6 pppmv for units less than 20 mmbtu/hr by 2012. 

Explore NOx stafollowinMCS-0MCS-07 Feasible Rule Fo
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 30

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1146.1 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Small Industrial, Institutional, and Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters (Amended 5/13/94) 

Applicable to units rating from 2 mmbtu/hr to 5 mmbtu/hr. Current limits are: 

• 30 ppmv NOx (0.037 

lb/mmbtu of heat input) 

• 400 ppmv CO 

Many Rule 1146.1 units are in RECLAIM, and RECLAIM (Amended 1/2005 version) BARCT analysis recommended 12 ppmv for less than 20 mmbtu/hr units based on ultra low NOx technology that is achieved in practice. 

Bay Area Rule 9-11 (Amended 5/17/00) has following limits for boilers using gaseous fuel 1) 10 ppmv for boilers with rated input greater than 1.75 mmbtu/hr, 2) 25 ppmv for boilers from 1.5-1.75 mmbtu/hr, 3) 30 ppmv for boilers less than 1.5 million btu/hr. Nongaseous fuel combustion devices have higher limits than gaseous fuel devices. San Joaquin’s draft 2007 AQMP proposes to promote the use of electric heaters in place of small boilers and heaters. 

Explore NOx staelectric through MCS-0MCS-07 Feasible FLX-01 program Rule Fo

1146.2 NOx Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Large WaterHeaters and Small Boilers(Amended 5/5/06) 

Applicable to units less than 2 mmbtu/hr. Current limits are: • 30 ppmv for units from 0.4 – 

2 mmbtu/hr 

• 55 ppmv for units rating less 

than 400,000 btu/hr 

North Central Texas Final 2007 SIP – Small Boilers & Heaters proposes to use NOx standards for small boilers/heaters less than 2 mmbtu/hr adopted by San Joaquin Valley APCD Rule 4308, amended 10/05, which are equivalent to current standards in Rule 1146.2. 

. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 31 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1148 VOC Thermally Enhanced Oil 

Recovery Wells (Amended 11/5/82) 

4.5 lbs/day or less per well 

1149 VOC Storage Tank Degassing 

(Amended 7/14/95) 

Degassing operations must be controlled by control equipment achieving 90% efficiency for a minimum time limit estimated in the rule based on volume of the gas to be freed in the tank and the flow rate through control device. 

Ventura Rule 74.26, 74.27 (Adopted 10/12/04) requires degassing of crude oil, gasoline and other high TVP liquid storage tanks be controlled by vapor recovery or flare having 95% control efficiency until the vapor concentration in the tanks is less than 10,000 ppmv. Bay Area Rule 8-10 (Adopted 1/21/04) sets requirements for depressurizing process vessels at petroleum refineries and chemical plants. The gases must be vented to control devices until the vapor concentration in the tanks is less than 10,000 ppmv. Rule development is in progress at San Joaquin to eliminate exemptions and require more stringent VOC control. 

Set VOC increase requiremFUG-04 ReductiTank Destablish control Rule Fo

1150.1 VOC Control of Gaseous 

Emissions from Active Landfills (Amended 12/17/00). 

98% control or 20 ppmv nonmethane organic compounds. 50-500 ppmv total organic compounds above background 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 32

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1151 VOC Motor Vehicle and Mobile 

Equipment Non-Assembly Line Coating Operations (Amended 12/2/05) 

VOC content limits range from 250 – 840 grams VOC per liter. Averaging provisions are allowed. High transfer coating equipment (e.g. HVLP) is required. Solvent cleaning operations must comply with Rule 1171. 

Midwest RPO proposes increasing requirements to 100% capture and 95% control efficiency for surface coating operations for automotives and light duty trucks. 

1153 VOC Commercial Bakery Ovens 

(Adopted 1/13/95) 

Emission reduction of 70% or more is required for existing ovens emitting between 50 lbs – 100 lbs VOC/day, 95% or more for ovens emitting more than 100 lbs/day, and 95% or more for new ovens. 

1156 PM PM10 Emission Reductions 

from Cement Manufacturing Facilities (Adopted 11/4/05) 

PM standards for PM control devices (0.01 gr/dcsf for existing and 0.005 gr/dcsf for new devices). Good operational practices to reduce PM emissions from aggregate and related operations 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 33 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1157 PM PM10 Emissions Reductions 

from Aggregate and Related Operations (Amended 9/8/06) 

Good operational practices to reduce PM emissions from aggregate and related operations 

1158 PM Storage, Handling and 

Transport of Petroleum Coke (Amended 6/11/99) 

Reduce PM emissions through good management practices 

1159 NOx Nitric Acid Units – Oxides 

of Nitrogen (Amended 12/6/85) 

• 450 ppmv 15 min avg, or • 237 ppmv, 60 min avg; or • 3 lbs/ton acid produced, 60 

min average.

1162 VOC Polyester Resin Operations 

(Amended 7/8/05) 

VOC limits (monomer content) from 10-48% by weight or alternatively 90% control efficiency for add-on control 

1164 VOC Semiconductor 

Manufacturing (Amended 1/13/95) 

VOC limit for cleanup solvents is 200 g/l or low vapor pressure of 0.64 psia at 68 degree F. Photoresist applications must be vented to control. 

1166 VOC Volatile Organic Compound 

Emissions from Decontamination of Soil (amended 5/11/01) 

Good management practices. Ventura Rule 74.29 – Soil 

Decontamination Operations (Amended 1/8/02) has standards for soil decontamination (e.g. 50 - 100 ppmv ). Bay Area Rule 8-40 (Amended 6/15/05) for soil decontamination and tank degassing. All vapor must be vented to control devices with 90% efficiency or more until meeting 5,000 ppmv. 

Monitor Joaquin and if nto improrule throMCS-07 Feasible 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 34

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1166 

(Cont.) 

 San Joaquin Valley proposes a 

control measure to call for eliminating allowances for aeration and increasing overall capture and control efficiency requirements for VOC collection and control system. 

1168 VOC Adhesive and Sealant 

Applications (Amended 1/7/05) 

VOC limits for solvents range from 30 – 775 lbs VOC per gallon. Require the use of high transfer efficiency equipment (e.g. HVLP spray). In lieu of meeting the VOC limits, using add-on control with 80% control efficiency is allowed. 

1171 VOC Solvent Cleaning Operations

(Amended 7/14/06) 

VOC limits for solvents are 25 g/l in general, and have a 100- 800 g/l VOC for specific cleaning operations. In lieu of meeting the VOC limits, add-on control having 90% collection efficiency and 95% destruction efficiency or meeting 50 ppmv outlet concentration can be used.

The U.S. EPA RACT published in September 2006 limit is 50 g/l or an overall control efficiency of 85%. The U.S. EPA is not recommending limits beyond 50 g/l; however it recommends states to adopt higher limits based on individual performance requirements of specific applications. Rule 1171 meets the U.S. EPA RACT. 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 35 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1173 VOC Fugitive Emissions of 

Volatile Organic Compounds (Amended 12/6/02) 

• Require to connect 

atmospheric PRDs to vapor recovery or add-on control by first turnaround, if the facility experiences: • a second release of more 

than 500 lbs VOC within any five year period, or 

• any release of 2,000 lbs 

VOC in any 24 hour period. 

In lieu of connecting PRDs to control, operator may elect to pay mitigation fee of $350,000 for any release exceeding the threshold. 

• Leak Detection and Repair 

(LDAR) program to reduce fugitive emissions. Leak thresholds are: • for light liquid/gas/vapor 

service >10,000 ppmv, 

• for PRDs >200 ppmv, • for pumps in heavy 

liquid >100 ppmv 

Bay Area Rule 8-28 (amended 12/21/05) requires atmospheric PRDs to be: 

• vented to vapor recovery or 

equivalent control devices that have 95% control efficiency within one year of the second release event of greater than 10 lbs VOC. 

• equipped with at least two or 

three redundant preventive measures to minimize episodic releases, and 

• equipped with tell-tale 

indicators. 

North Central Texas – Final 2007 SIP, Oil & Gas Production, Natural Gas Processing, Measure #144. Propose to revise leak definitions and requirements for shorter repair periods based on recently revised San Joaquin Valley Rule 4409, amended July 2004. 

Potentiain Rule • redu

10 l

• requ

convapwithreleVO

• imp

encmon

MCS-07 Feasible Rule Fo

1174 VOC Control of Volatile Organic 

Compound Emissions from the Ignition of Barbecue Charcoal (Amended 10/5/90) 

VOC emissions less than 0.02 lb 

VOC per start. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 36

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1175 VOC Control of Emissions from 

the Manufacture of Polymeric Cellular (Foam) Products (Amended 5/13/94)

VOC limit for expandable polystyrene molding operations is less than 2.4 lbs/100 lbs of raw material processed 

1176 VOC Sumps and Wastewater 

Separators (Amended 9/13/96) 

• Wastewater: 500 ppmv • Sumps and wastewater 

separators must have floating cover with seals; or fixed cover vented to control 

• Sewer lines: totally enclosed• Process drains: with 

SCAQMD approved water seals 

• Junction boxes: totally 

enclosed 

• Control device: ≥ 95% 

efficiency or ≤500 ppmv leak above background 

• Monthly to annually 

inspection 

Bay Area Rule 8-8 (Amended 9/15/04) in general is similar to South Coast Rule 1176, with the following exceptions: 

• Floating covers must have 

double seals; and 

• Semi-annual inspection is 

allowed. 

In their 2007 AQMP, San Joaquin Valley proposes to further study the following areas: 

• Require crude oil production 

sumps to have fixed roof and vented to control with 99% control efficiency; 

• Require wastewater separators 

to have fixed roof and vented to control with 95% control efficiency, and 

• Require floating roofs to be 

equipped with double seals 

MonitorJoaquin additionto reducseparatoemissioimplemMCS-07 Feasible FUG-01 and Rep
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 37 

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1178 VOC Further Reductions of VOC 

Emissions From Storage Tanks at Petroleum Facilities (Amended 12/21/01) 

Applicable to high emitting facility that has 20 tpy VOC emissions or more and tanks >19,815 gals with liquids having TVP > 0.1 psia. Rule 1178 requires doming for high emitting external floating roof tanks, better seals and better control for all tanks. (Note that Rule 463 is applicable for tanks >19,815 gals at all facilities and have requirements for fixed roof tanks and floating roof tanks.) 

In the 2007 AQMP, San Joaquin proposes to revise Rule 4623 to lower tank capacity applicability, lower TVP threshold, and revisit exemptions to broaden source applicability. Midwest RPO control measure proposes to expand source applicability of LADCO state rules to include 10,000 gal tanks. 

Monitor air distrimplemMCS-07 Feasible FUG-01 and Rep(A technby Distrindicateair qualapplicab

1179 VOC Publicly Owned Treatment 

Works Operations (Amended 3/6/92) 

Include recordkeeping requirements. 

1183 VOC Outer Continental Shelf 

(OCS) Air Regulations (Amended 4/2/04) 

Adopt by reference Code of Federal, Part 55, Title 40. 

1186 PM PM10 Emissions from Paved 

and Unpaved Roads, and Livestock Operations (Amended 1/21/00) 

Good management practices. 

1186.1 PM Less Polluting Sweepers 

(Amended 5/5/06) 

Require operators to purchase less polluting or alternative fueled street sweepers. 

1189 VOC Emissions From Hydrogen 

Plant Process Vents (Adopted 1/21/00) 

For existing plants, 2.5 lbs VOC per million cubic feet of hydrogen produced. For new plants, 0.5 lbs VOC per million cubic feet of hydrogen produced.

Note: Technical Assessment for Rule 463, November 2005. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 38

TABLE 3 (continued) 

Evaluation of SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 

Rule 

No. 

Type Rule Title Current Rule Requirements Other Districts’ 2000-2006 Rules, 

Control Measures, U.S. EPA 

CTGs, and Other Studies 

1191 All Light and Medium Duty 

Fleet Vehicles (Amended 6/16/00) 

Require public fleet to acquire new low emitting gasoline or alternative fuel light and medium duty vehicles. 

1192 All Clean On-Road Transit 

Buses (Amended 6/16/00) 

Require public fleet to acquire new low emitting or alternative fuel heavy duty vehicles. 

1193 All Clean On-Road Residential 

/Commercial Refuse Collection Vehicles (Amended 6/6/03) 

Acquire new low emitting refuse collection vehicles. 

1194 All Commercial Airport Ground 

Access (Amended 10/20/00) 

Acquire new low emitting vehicles that are used for passenger transportation in/out airports. 

1195 All Clean On-Road School 

Buses (Amended 5/5/06) 

Acquire new low emitting school buses. 

2000 - 

2015 

NOx, 

SOx 

RECLAIM (Amended 5/6/05) 

Include facility allocations for NOx and SOx for RECLAIM facilities 

Since other Districts do not have RECLAIM, refer to individual rules such as Rule 1146, 1146.1, 1110.2 etc. 

Review CMB-0EmissioMCS-07 Feasible Rule Fo

444 All Open Burning Contains requirements and 

prohibitions for open burning to minimize emissions and smoke impacts to the public. 

San Joaquin Valley Rule 4103 (Amended 5/19/05) contains additional best management practices compared to Rule 444 such as best management practices to control open burning of weeds. 

Revise tmanageMCS-07 Feasible BCM-0ReductiRule Fo
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 39 

TABLE 4 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

This table lists the South Coast’s stationary source control measures and a comparison with other control mother regional air quality management plans and an evaluation of the concepts of the control measures. Cost eof the South Coast’s control measures, if available, are provided in Appendix IV-A. 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Facility Modernization 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Eva

MCS-01 - Facility Modernization. Propose to ensure timely replacement of existing equipment to meet today’s BACT, and use of low VOC coatings/solvents. Early retirement of equipment may qualify for tax incentives or emission credits. Applicable to all combustion sources, all facilities using coatings/solvents beginning with >20 tpy facilities, and all facilities generating PM. 

Other districts do not have a specific control measure for facility modernization, but they do recommend various BARCT analyses for cement kilns, boilers/heaters etc. as listed in Table 4 and Table 5. 

SCAQMD’s proposDistricts’ proposal iapplicable to a broacommercial types o

Stationary Source Control Measures - Energy Efficiency and Conservation 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Eva

MCS-02 - Urban Heat Island. Propose to encourage activities that would lower ambient temperatures in urban areas (e.g. lighter roofing and building materials and tree planting) 

Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP - Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program. Propose to add 4.9 million low-emitting trees to local urban forest during the next 15 years.

SCAQMD’s propSacramento’s propo

MCS-03 - Energy Efficiency & Conservation. Propose to use incentives to promote the use of energy efficient equipment. 

North Central Texas 2007 SIP – Credit for Energy Conservation and Efficiency. Take emission reduction credits for implementing SB 5 and SB 7 which require electric utilities and other political entities to reduce electricity consumption and increase energy efficiency. 

SCAQMD’s proposCentral Texas’s proapplies to broader c
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 40

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Good Management Practices 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

FUG-01 - Improved Leak Detection/Repair. Propose to improve the effectiveness of the facility’s leak detection and repair (LDAR) program through the application of optical gas imaging to detect leaks (Smart LDAR), and expand the application of LDAR to other sources that do not currently have LDAR. 

Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP. Propose to implement LDAR at natural gas production and processing facilities. Propose to expand the applicability of LDAR to process stream containing more than 1% by weight VOC, instead of 10% VOC by weight which is currently required by many districts such as South Coast, San Joaquin, Ventura, Bay Area, and Santa Barbara. North Central Texas Final 2007 SIP Gasoline Dispenser Hoses. Propose to impose stricter material standards for marine fueling station hoses to fuel hoses at gasoline dispensing facilities to reduce permeation losses at gasoline stations. Oil & Gas Production, Natural Gas Processing. Proposes to revise leak definitions and requirements for shorter repair periods based on recently revised San Joaquin Valley Rule 4409, amended July 2004. 

Current SCAQMD requires LDAR at nplants. However, Rexemption for compwith a VOC contenless. In lieu of lowering Rule 1173 and reguhandling heavy liqu1% by weight, SCAexpand the applicatother facilities that regulated by Rule 1from other facilities higher VOC emissi

FUG-02 – Emission Reductions from Gasoline Transfer and Dispensing Facilities. Propose to improve implementation of the Enhanced Vapor Recovery (EVR) Regulation, raise compliance rate from 75% to 98% by requiring one or several additional preventive mechanisms (e.g. alert signal for in-station diagnostic (ISD) system to detect potential failure and initiate preventative repairs).

None 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 41 

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

FUG-04 - Further Emission Reductions from Pipeline and Storage Tank Degassing. Propose to reevaluate current existing Rule 1149 to require enhanced control technology, increase control efficiency, establish concentration limits, and expand the source categories of affected equipment. 

None 

BCM-01 - PM Control Devices. Propose to set standards for PM control devices and promote automatic monitoring system. None MCS-04 - Emissions Reduction from Green Waste Composting. Propose to maintain optimal aerobic conditions thru best management practices, or utilizing state-of-the art emissions control technologies.

None 

MCS-06 - Improved Start-up, Shut-down & Turnaround Procedures. Propose to use best operating practices and procedures 

None
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 42

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Market Incentives & Compliance Flexibility 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

CTS-02 - Clean Coatings Certification Program. Propose to certify low-, ultra low-, or zero-VOC coatings and allow lower emission fees to manufacturers of these coatings to promote super compliant product. 

None 

CMB-02 – Further SOx Reduction for RECLAIM. Propose to reduce SOx at RECLIAM facilities. None MCS-08 – Emission Charges of $5,000 per Ton for Stationary Sources with PTE Over 10 Tons Per Year. 

None 

FLX-01 - Economic Incentive Program. Propose to implement incentive programs to promote clean air technologies; and broaden trading market for trading of mobile and stationary source emission credits. 

Other Districts propose to accelerate replacements of old water heaters with electric units or new highly-efficient lower-emitting water heaters with the use of incentive as listed in Table 4.

Similar to other Dis

FLX-02 - Petroleum Refinery Pilot Program. Promote voluntary program for refineries to use alternative cost effective reduction opportunities either from on-site or off-site sources for all nonRECLAIM sources at refineries. 

None

CTS-01 – Emission Reductions from Lubricants. Propose to limit VOC content in lubricant formulations at the point of sale and/or use. 

None 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 43 

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

CTS-03 - Consumer Product Certification and Emission Reductions from Use of Consumer Products at Institutional and Commercial Facilities. Propose to develop a labeling program to identify low VOC consumer products, and establish a limitation of use for other consumer products at high volume commercial and institutional facilities.

North Central Texas Final 2007 SIP – Commercial and Consumer Products Requirements. Recommend to use CARB’s and SCAQMD’s standards for commercial and consumer products.

SCAQMD’s measuuse of available low 

CTS-04 – Emission Reductions from the Reduction of VOC Content of Consumer Products not Regulated by the State Board. Propose to reduce VOC in this category. 

None 

FUG-03 – Further Emission Reductions from Cutback Asphalts. Propose to reduce emissions from asphalt paving applications by limiting the use of cutback asphalt and/or replacing it with emulsified asphalt. 

None. Many states (Maine, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Sacramento and Placer County in California) already have regulations to promote the use of emulsified asphalts. 

SCAQMD’s measBARCT that are inin the United States

CMB-01 - NOx Reduction from NonRECLAIM Ovens, Dryers and Furnaces. Propose BARCT level of 20 ppmv-60 ppmv or 50%-75% reduction with the use of low NOx burners for all Non-RECLAIM combustion equipment, existing and new. 

Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP. Propose standards of: 

• 36 ppmv (or 63.5% overall reduction) with 

the use of low NOx burners and FGR for dryer and combustion equipment at asphalt concrete plants; 

• 15 ppmv for equipment from 5-20 

mmbtu/hr and 9 ppmv for equipment >20 mmbtu/hr for boilers, steam generators, process heaters rating equal to or more than 5 mmbtu/hr. 

Sacramento’s proporange of SCAQMDppmv; however SCthe standards based recently adopted ruand steam generatoand dehydrators. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 44

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

CMB-01 (Continued) San Joaquin Valley APCD Rule 4309 

adopted 12/15/05 has very stringent limits: 

• 3.5 ppmv – 4.3 ppmv NOx for dryers, 

ovens, and dehydrators using gaseous fuel 

• 3.5 ppmv – 12 ppmv NOx for dryers, 

ovens, and dehydrators using liquid fuel. 

CMB-03 - Further NOx Reductions from Space Heaters. Propose to set standards in a range of 15 ppmv – 30 ppmv all natural gas fired fan-type furnaces currently regulated under Rule 1111, <175,000 Btu/hr. 

None 

CMB-04 - Natural Gas Fuel Specifications. Applicable to all combustion sources of natural gas. Propose to limit maximum Wobbe Index to 1360 Btu/scf. 

None 

BCM-02 - PM Emission Hot Spots – Localized Control Program. Applicable to all localized PM hot spot areas that do not meet clean air standards. Propose to implement local measures such as paving, curbing, street sweeping etc, to reduce PM through cooperative efforts between AQMD and local governments 

None 

BCM-03 - Emission Reductions from Wood Burning Fireplaces and Wood Stoves. Propose to implement potential strategies such as banning installation of new uncontrolled appliances in new buildings. 

None. However, SCAQMD’s proposal is based on rules that are adopted and implemented by various districts in California (e.g. San Joaquin Valley, Rule 4901, Amended 7/17/03). 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 45 

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Area Source Programs 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Eva

BCM-04 - Additional PM Emission Reductions from Rule 444 – Open Burning. Propose to add administration and compliance streamlining of the burn program. 

San Joaquin Draft 2007 AQMP. Propose to identify alternatives to burning agricultural wastes. 

SCAQMD’s measuJoaquin’s. 

BCM-05 - Emission Reductions from UnderFired Charbroilers. Propose to continue research/development and evaluate potential emission reductions and credit generation opportunities. 

In the Bay Area Final 2005 1-Hour Ozone Plan adopted in 2006, Bay Area indicated that they would further study the possibility of reducing emissions from commercial charbroilers. See also the comparison between AQMD Rule 1138 and the proposed Bay Area Rule 2, Regulation 6 (2/2007) in Table 4. 

MCS-05 - Emission Reductions from NonDairy Livestock Waste. Propose to use best management practices such as enclosed equipment and vented to control. 

None 

MCS-07 - Application of All Feasible Measures. Propose to revise current rules or adopt new rules to implement new BARCT. 

See MCS-01 – Facility Modernization. 
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 46

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

Stationary Source Control Measures - Emission Growth Management 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other 

Regional Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

EGM-01 – Emission Reductions from New or Redevelopment Projects. Propose to set threshold standards for new and redevelopment projects. Projects that exceed the threshold will be required to implement mitigation measures. Mitigation measures would be identified through CEQA review process mitigation. 

Sacramento Draft 2007 AQMP • IS-1: Construction Mitigation Rule. 

Propose to expand mitigation requirements from the current CEQA mitigation & fees, which currently require to mitigate 100% of emissions from the grading portion of construction projects over 10 acres. The goal is to reduce off-road construction emissions associated with new land use development of large commercial, industrial, retail, and residential projects 

• IS-2: Operational Indirect Source Rule. 

Propose to implement an operational indirect source rule to reduce emissions associated with new land use development of large commercial, industrial, retail, and residential projects after construction is completed.

Note: San Joaquin Valley Rule 9510 – Indirect Source Review has similar requirements to EGM-01 (see Appendix IVA). 

SCAQMD’s proposSacramento’s. 

EGM-02 – Emission Budget and Mitigation for General Conformity Projects. Propose to set aside emission budgets to mitigate general conformity projects. If mitigation measures are not sufficient to offset emission increase, the Board will decide if and how much mitigation fees would be needed to offset the residual emissions, and staff would use the money collected to invest in emission reduction projects. 

None 
Final 2007 AQMP

VI - 47 

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

SCAQMD’s Mobile Source Control Measures EGM-03 – Emissions Mitigation at Federally Permitted Projects. Propose to recommend U.S. EPA to adopt measures to mitigate emission increases or provide funding for AQMD to seek mitigation emission reductions. 

None 

MOB-01 – Mitigation Fee Program for Federal Sources. Applicable to all federal sources (e.g. ships, trains, aircraft). Propose to ask U.S. EPA to adopt/administer mitigation fee program and provide funding/grants for /AQMD to seek alternative emission reductions, similar to Carl Moyer program. 

None 

MOB-02 – Extended Exchange Program. Propose to promote early retirement of small Off-Road Mobile Sources (SORE) and Recreational Outboard Engines in exchange for electric engines through incentives. 

On-going projects at many Districts

MOB-03 – Backstop Measures for Indirect Sources of Emissions from Ports and PortRelated Facilities. Propose to set emission target milestones and “backstop” measures for ports to attain PM2.5 and ozone ambient air quality standards. 

None

MOB-04 – Emission Reductions from Carl Moyer Program. Propose to take SIP credits for existing and new programs funded by Carl Moyer Program. 

None
Appendix VI: Reasonably Availab

VI - 48

TABLE 4 (continued) 

Evaluation of South Coast’s Stationary Source Control Measures 

2007 South Coast Control Measures Control Measures Contained In Other Regional 

Air Quality Management Plans 

Ev

MOB-05 – AB 923 Light-Duty Vehicle High-Emitter Identification Program. Propose to identify high emitter vehicle using remote sensing technologies 

None

MOB-06 – AB 923 Medium-Duty Vehicle High-Emitter Identification Program. Propose to identify high emitter using remote sensing technologies. 

None

MOB-07 – Concurrent Reductions from Global Warming Strategies. Propose to seek concurrent reductions from all combustion sources from global warming strategies. 

None