Contents 

Intr~ducti~on . Sampling Methods 

Structural Variab 

Organization . Special Notes I 

Example of Use , 

Literature Cited 

dl (" 

I I 

fes 

1 * 

C * 

bp 8 

L, * 

Index of Tables . . . Index of Figures . . . . 
he Sou 

William A. Bechtold, Resource Analyst 

Forest Inventory and Analysis 

Asheville, North Carolina 

Gregory A. Ruark, Research Soil Scientist 

Forest Soil Productivity in the Southeast 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 

Distributional and statistical information associated with variables cornonly used to describe stand 

structure are reported for the major pine cover types 

of the Southeast. Variables presented include stand 

age, site index, basal area per acre, number of stems 

per acre, and stand density index, Means, standard 

deviations, and ranges of these variables are listed 

by State and physiographic region for loblolly, slash, 

longleaf, pond, shortleaf, and Virginia pine cover 

types. Illustrations of multidimensional relationships among some of the variables are also provided. 

This infomation is intended as a general guide to the 

ranges of conditions found in southeastern pine stands, 

and can be used by forest growth modelers to design 

sampling strategies and determine populations of 

inference. 

Keywords: Southern pine, timberland, Pinus, stand 

structure, forest inventory. 

Introduction 

The five Southeastern States produced 

3.6 billion cubic feet of industrial 

timber products and fuelwosd in 1984 

(U.Se Department sf Agriculture 1988). 

About 2,5 billion cubic feet of this 

volume, worth nearly $1,3 billion on 

the stump, came from softwood species-- 

primarily southern yellow pines, In 

addition to providing muck of the raw 

material for a huge and growing forest 

products industry, these species are 

tremendously important to the ecology of 

the region, About 46 percent of the 85 

million acres of timberland in the 

Southeast are dominated by yellow pines, 

Important decisions governing the management of this resource are frequently 

based on growth models that utilize such 

stand structural variables as age, density, and site quality. To simplify the 

relationships between these structural 

variables and growth, many models are 

derived from stands that represent idealized conditions, With minimal attention 

given to prevailing forest conditions 

during the sample selection process, the 

applicability of these models to the 

general population of stands throughout 

the region is unclear. Some users, therefore, may be extrapolating beyond the 

range of the data used to construct the 

models, even for conditions common 

throughout the region. 

Recent changes in the growth rates of 

southern yellow pines in the Southeast 

(Sheffield and others 1985) underscore 

the need to develop simulation models to 

evaluate the regional impacts of biotic 

and abiotic stresses on stand dynamics, 

These models will likely include some of 

the same structural variables used in 

growth and yield models. For meaningful 

regional biological and economic assessments, it is necessary to demonstrate 

that results from simulations are relevant to the population of forests within 

the region. 
Figure l.-FIA Survey Units in the Sou;theasf, by Sfkzte and physiographic region. 
matever the purpose of a model, maxinum utility cars be gained by designing 

sampling strategies that best represent 

the papufatisn of inference, Basic in-- 

fornation about the distributions sf 

stand structural characteristics is 

fuadarnental to this process, Forest 

Inventory and Analysis (EzA) is the best 

source of detailed forest resource data 

available for regional populations of 

trees and tiaber stands, Although FIA 

acreage and volume data are routinely 

sumawized and reported at State, Survey 

Unit, and County levels, distributional 

information about mensurationally based 

stand Level variables has never been published, Our purpose here is to provide 

this information for variables eomsnly 

used to describe the structure and growth 

of pine stands in the Southeast, This 

Paper is intended as a general guide to 

the ranges sf conditions found in the 

major pine cover types sf the region, 

Zn the Southeast, FTA maintains approximately 27,000 permanent forest plots 

sy%tematically $istribu$ed to attain a 

poportionate sample of all major forest 

types, sites, and ownerships, The 5-State 

region is divided into 21 Survey Units 

(fig, 11, Each State consists of three 

to five Survey Units, The boundaries of 

these Units are compatible with the three 

major physiographic areas sf the 

Southeast (~ountains, Piedmont, and 

Coastal plain), Sampling intensity 

within each Survey Unit is designed to 

achieve a minimum accuracy of 2 5 percent per billion cubic feet of growingstock inventory volume at one standard 

error, Across the region, each sample 

represents an average sf 3,100 acres sf 

timberland, Data presented in this 

document were collected over a 7-year 

period, ranging from the 1980 inventory 

of Georgia to the 1987 inventory of 

Florida (table I), 

Stand characteristics at each plot 

location were estima~ed from measuremnta taken from a cluster sf five 

variable-radius points spaced 38 feet 

apart, The limiting distance sf sample 

trees 5,0 inches d,b,h, and larger was 

dependent on a basal area factor of 

37,5, Trees between 1,0 and 4.9 inches 

B,b,h, were tallied from five 11300-acre 

fixed-radius plots that shared common 

point centers with the cluster of 

variable plots, 

Table 1,--Dates of FIW inventories by State, and numbers of 

Survey Units by physiographic region, in the Southeast -~~~~~~~~~~~w~~~~~~-~~~~~m~~

Bates of Physiographic Number of 

State inventory region Survey Units w~~~~-~~M~~~Mm--~~--~~~~~-~~m~~-~~-----

Florida 9886-10687 Coastal Plain 4 

Georgia 5/80-1/83 Coastal Plain 2 

Piedmont 2 

Mountains 1 

North 11/82-9/84 Coastal Plain 2 

Carolina Piedmont 1 

Mountains 1 

South 21685-9/86 Coastal Plain 2 

Carolina Piedmont 1 

Virginia 9/84-11/85 Coastal Plain 1 

Piedmont 2 

Mountains 2 -M-------eL~-,,-~~-~~~--~L-~~~-----~-------------------~-~~~w~-- 
Structural Variables 

Five descriptors of stand structure 

were chosen for display: stand age, 

site index, basal area per acre, numbers 

sf stems per acre, and stand density 

index, Stand age is defined as the average chronological age sf all trees identified as part of a manageable stand, In 

most cases9 especially in pine stands, 

the manageable stand is synonpsus with 

the primary overstory* Sample trees for 

estimating site quality were selected 

from the dominant and ccdominant trees 

within each stand, Height and age data 

from the site trees were used to assign 

a site index based on the curves develsped by Schumacher and Coile (1960), 

Numbers of trees and basal area per acre 

were computed by methods adapted from 

Beers and Miller (1964), Stand density 

index was calculated as proposed by 

Reineke (B93d)m Ah1 csf%rpukatisns 

involving nuders of stems, basal area, 

and density index include trees I,O inch 

d,b,k, and larger, Numbers sf trees and 

basal area statistics are presented for 

pine species separately, and Chen again 

for all species encountered in the 

sampled stands, The ratio of pineztotal 

species is a useful indicator sf hardwood coxlpetiticn, 

Organization 

Forest cover types were stratified 

into five broad classes: planted pine, 

natural pine, oak-pine, upland hardwood, 

and lowland hardwood stands, Stands with 

more than 50 percent of the total stocking in pine trees were classified as 

either "planted" or '""natural" pipine 

stands, Stands where pines contribuded 

25 to 50 percent of the stocking were 

categorized as "oak-pine, '' Stands with 

less than 25 percent of the total stocking in pine were classed as "hardwood," 

Hardwoods were subdivided into upland or 

lowland types on the basis of species 

composition and hydrologic conditions, 

Explicit infomation related to stand 

structure is provided for the following 

detailed pine cover types: 

natural 

2, Loblolly pine, planted 

3. Slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.), - 

natural 

4. Slash pine, planted 

5, Longleaf pine Mill,), 

6, Pond pine (P, - x,>, 

7. Shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), 

8. Virginia pine (P, ill,), 

and 

9. Other, 

These cover types are based on the species that make up a plurality of the pine 

stocking in each stand. The category 

listed as "other" encompasses eastern 

white pine-eastern hemlock (P, strobus 

~amb.1 forest types. Of these, the only 

types of any mnsquence are white pinehemlock in the northern and mountain 

areas of the region, and sand pine in 

Florida, Cypress types are grouped with 

Powland hardwood stands and are kt included in any detailed tables, 

Distributions of each structural 

variable, by pine forest type, are presented in tabular format for 20 combinations sf geographic areas: 

1. The entire Southeast (table 21, 

2, The three physiographic regions sf 

the Ssutbeas t Q tables 3-5), 

3, The five Southeastern States (tables 

6-10), and 

4. Each State by physiographic region 

(tables 11-21), 

Breakdons of timberland area in the 

Southeast by broad forest type, physiographic region, and State are shown 

in figures 2 and 3, The remainder of the 

Paper is devoted solely to the planted 

and natural pine segment of the resource, 
(84,78 1,152 acres) 

Piedmont 

(26,974,969' acre@) 

Bfngzr Nataaraf Lowland UpIBend plantation plna hardw~~d hardwsod 

Figure 2,-Percentage distrib&8-iiaw 04 aOI timberland in the Se&heasI, by broad forest @pe and physiographic region. 
Georgia 

t! 23,733,684 acres) 

Pins Natural awla and Uplana Oak-pine piantation pine hardwood hardwood 

Figure 8-Percentage distrib&ion of ail timberland in the Southeast, by broad forest type and State, 
Another four tables provide stand struetural infomation by ownership, Detailed 

pine forest types have been aggregated 

into two categories (planted and natural) 

in these tables, ership data are 

provided for : 

1. The entire Southeast (table 22j, and 

2. The three physiographic regions srsf the 

Southeast (tables 23-25)* 

(~ables 2-25 are listed separately at 

the back, 

In addition to tabular inforaation, 

breakdowns sf acreage by forest type 2nd 

physiographic region, State, stand age, 

site index, and basal area per acre are 

shown graphically in figures 5-9. All 

remaining illustrations (figs. IOA-64C) 

show rou%tidimensional relationships 

among selected structural variables. In 

most cases, three block charts are provided for each pine cover type: 

Site index by stand age (frequency 

&is tribution where each cell represents a percentage of total acreage], 

Basal area per acre by stand age 

(frequency distribution where each 

cell represents a percentage of total 

acreage), 

Site index by stand age (each cell 

equals the average percentage of 

total basal area per acre in that 

cell consisting of species other than 

yellow pine). 

These block charts are presented by piae 

cover type for: 

I. The entire Southeast (figs- 10A-$7Cj, 

2. The three physiographic regions of 

the Southeast (figs. 18~-33~), and 

3. The five Southeastern States (figs, 

34A--646 

Wigures 5-64 are listed separately 

at the back, ) 

Special Notes 

No graphs are provided for the "ocher'* 

pine forest types, Since this category 

includes a mixture of minor types, relationships among structural variables are 

not bio%agically meaningful, Also, when 

strztified by State and physiographic 

region, some of the major pine cover "P ~j,es n were poorly represented, For example, few Virginia pine stands are located 

in Florida, Graphic information is 

amitred for situations where major types 

are represented by less than 100,608 

acres, 

Site index data for Georgia will not 

be available until the sixth inventory 

sf the State is completed in 1989, For 

this reasoa, there are no graphs involving site index for Georgia; only the 

basal area per acre by stand age refationships are shown (figs, 40-47). mere 

data from Georgia were aggregated with 

other States across physiographic regions, the Georgia data were treated as 

nisskng values and withheld from caleulatisns of average site indices, Also, 

when aggregating across physiographic 

regions, most or all of some major types 

were located exc$usive%y in Georgia, and 

the corresponding graphs involving site 

index were unobtainable, This was the 

situation for planked slash pine stands 

in the Piedmont (fig, 28) and for natural 

Xsblolly and shortleaf pine stands in the 

>fountains (figs, 31 and 321, 

Numbers of pine stems and pine basal 

area per acre in tables 2-25 refer to 

yellsw pine species only, Nurnbers and 

basal area of pines in some "other" pine 

forest types may therefore be misleading, 

because some of the types included under 

this category are not yellsw pine forest 

types, For example, the majority of 

"otherrg pine stands in Virginia are 

white pine-hemlock stands, The only 

yellsw pines these stands might contain 

are a few scattered Virginia pines. White 

pine is no% included with the pine stems 

and pine basal area figures shown for 

these stands, 

NG separate table is presented for the 

Coastal Plain of Florida because the 

entire State is in the Coastal Plain, 

Such a table would be a duplication sf 

table 6, 

p- ;Laally, .- + the numbers in the graphs and 

tables may differ slightly from the given 

totals or previously published numbers 

due to rounding, 
Exa~trple of Use 

Suppose a model is to he used to sirnu-- 

late the impact of an envirsamental 

stress on the growth of hoblcsl3.y pine, 

and that an assessment sf the regional 

impact of this stress is desired, Some 

of the best data currently available far 

loblolly are Based on research conducted 

in plantation ecosystems, where uniform 

spacing and control of competing vegetation simplify the understanding of stand 

dynamics, As a result, inicial atterupts 

to construct a stand-level growth model 

might logically draw on plantation data, 

Application of such a model to regional 

populations of lsblaily stands requires 

a knowledge of 

1. the proportion of %he total landscape 

represented by the model, 

2. the portion sf the landscape not 

represented by the modeP, and 

3. the assumptions or additional data 

that would allow greater extrapslation of simlation results, 

A model built from lshlolly plantation 

data will be most valid for analyzing the 

growth of plantations with ages, denShort leaf 

Loblolly, 

planted 

Loblolly , natural 

sities, and site conditions similar to 

those used to fit the model, The use of 

such a model for lobPolly plantations 

with stand structures outside the range 

of sampled data requires asstmptions of 

similar behavior outside the observed 

range, Furthermore, recalibration of a 

plantation model for application to 

natural stands may be especially risky 

if the distributions of stand structural 

variables are dissimilar, Major differences indicate that entirely different 

model specifications may be warranted, In 

like manner, stand structural relationships can be used to determine the portability of models between species, Identification sf how the distributions of key 

mensurational stand factors overlap for 

different cover types is a necessary 

step in such evaluations, 

In figure 4, loblolly and shortleaf 

basal area data from table 2 are 

sumarized in the form of bsxplots 

(Velleman and Hoaglin L982), Each box 

in figure 4 is bounded by the 25th and 

75th percentiles, so half of the data 

from each cover type are concentrated in 

the boxes, The lines on either side of 

each box represent the minimum and maxiO 20 48 60 $0 100 128 140 160 180 200 220 240 266 

Basal Area Per Acre (ft '1 

Figure 4,-Box plots of shefileaf and loksloily pine stands in the Southeast. 
mum observed values, Medians, means, and 

standard deviations are also shown, 

From these plots it is obvious that, 

with respect to total basal area, the 

distributions 0% planted and natural 

loblolly skands differ considerably. 

Basal areas of natural loblolly stands 

appear to he normally distributed, while 

those of planted stands are severely 

skewed, with the mean differing from the 

median by more than 18 percent, Values 

to the left of the 25th percentile indicate tkat one-fourth of all planted 

loblolly stands in the Southeast contain 

3 square feet of basal area, or less, 

The mean basal area of natural loblolly 

stands is nearly double that of planted 

stands, These differences are largely 

attributable to a mean age of 12 years 

in planted stands versus 32 years in 

natural stands (table 2). Also, the proportion of hardwoods in natural stands 

is more than twice the hardwood ratio of 

planked stands, Hardwoods wake up 27 

percent sf the basal area in natural 

loblolly stands, compared with 13 percent in loblolly plantations, Given all 

these differences, extrapolation of a 

plantation model to natural loblolly 

stands cannot be justified on the basis 

of similar stand structures, On the 

other hand, the distributions of basal 

area in natural Psblolly and shortleaf 

pine stands are remarkably similar, 

Age structures and average amounts of 

hardwood competition are also alike, 

suggesting tkat, with recalibration of 

parameters, one model specification 

would probably suffice for both natural 

loblolly and shortleaf cover types, 

Distributions sf these and other structural variables for more specific geographic areas caa likewise be investigated with the tabular data, Additional 

infomation about the shape sf distributions for two-way interactions between 

sme of the structural variables can be 

gleaned from referencing the appropriate 

graphs (figs, 1Ua-64~1, 

Data contained in this document are 

also valuable as a guide to selecting 

smples for the purpose of modeling. 

Placement of samples to span one standard deviation of the mean assures twothirds coverage of a nomally distributed population; two standard deviations 

assures 95-percent coverage, Even when 

the assumption sf normality deteriorates 

severely, 75 percent of the population 

will still fall within two standard 

deviations (~yrkft 1975), Knowledge concerning the shape sf the distribution 

helps determine where to concentrate 

sampling to best conform to the target 

population, 
Literature Cited 

Beers, T,W,; Miller, C,I, 1964, Point sampling: 

research results, theory, and applieatians, Bull, 

786, West hfayette, IV: Purdue University 

Agricultural Experiment Station, 56 pp, 

Byrkit, D,R, 1975, Elemenks of seatistics, Rev York: 

D, Van Nostrand Co, 431 pp, 

Reineke, L,B, 1933, Perfecting a stand density index 

for even-aged f~rests, Journal of Agricultural 

Research 35:843-856, 

Sshumacher, F,W,; Coile, T,S, $860, Growth and yields 

of natural stands of the southern pines, Durham, NC: 

T.S8 Coile lnc, 115 pg, 

SheffiePd, Bapond M,; Cost, Noel D,; BechtoPd, William 

A,; McClureD Joe P, 1985, Pine growth reductions in 

the Southeast, Resour, Bull, SE-83, AsheviLIe, NC: 

UIS, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 112 pp, 

U,Se Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

1988, The South" fourth forest: alternatives for 

the future, For, Resoa~r~ Rep, 26. Washington, DC: 

U.S, Department c>f Agriculture, Forest Service, 

512 pp. 

VePleman, PSI?,; Rsaglia, B,G, 1991, ~ppkications, 

basics, and csaputiilg cf sxalorat~ry data analysis, 

Boston: Duxbery Press, 354 pp, 
TABLES 

AND 

FIGURES 

(Detailed drawings) 

Index of Tables 

14, The Coastal Plain region of 

North Carolina ,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,, 

1. Dates of FIA inventories by 

State, and numbers of Survey 

Units by physiographic region, 

in the Southeast .............. 15. The Piedmont region of North 

Carolina ...................... 

Area of timberland, sample size, 

and distribution of selected 

stand characteristics in pine 

forest types in: 

16, The Mountain regi.c,?-I of North 

Carolina ...................... 

17- The Coastal Plain region of 

2, The Southeast ...e............. 12 South Carolina ,PmCB+L98,*8C..1 

18, The Piedmont region of South 

Carolina o...OQCdbgraOler.Q1.CI 

3. The Coastal Plain region of the 

Southeast ..........eO......... 13 

19. The Coastal Plain region of 

Virginia .e.*BOIIQOI0.LII.kB.8C 

4. The Piedmont region of the 

Southeast ..................... 14 

20. The Piedmont region of Vi~ginia 5. The Mountain region of the 

Southeast .BC 15 

21, The Mountain regiaa 00% Vil g;~~ia, 

6. Florida ....................... 16 

22, The Southeast, by ownership and 

7. Georgia ....................... 17 stand origin 9errcaes-siars*err 

23, The Coastal i?lsi:~ regit:> of the 

Southeast, by owiez;tiip acd 

stand origin rr a,*-r,r 

8. North Carolina .J..C~.III~.eI.e 18 

9. South Carolina ....em...0...... 19 

24, The Piedmont regcar: sf .he 

Soutkeas t , by swnersk<s ~QA 

stand origin mSeemeB--DIdCyXPIO 

10. Virginia ..e....~....,.e.....l. 20 

11, The Coastal Plain region of 

Georgia 21 

25, The Mountain regLcfi 2f che 

Southeast, by ownersh;p :id 

stand origin aea.,rlc*ccPerepss 

12. The Piedmont region of Georgia 22 

13. The Mountain region of Georgia 23 

Index of Figures on gages 36-37. 
Table 2.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Southesst 

Pine forest types 

Areal All .......................................................................................... sample size/ pine a b c d e 

characteristic types Natural Planteed Katural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblolly lchlolly slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

Area (thousand acres) 34,103 5,012 5,749 3,869 5,957 2.413 1,248 1,963 2,382 1,512 

Rge (years) 

naart 2 7 32 3 2 31 

Standard deviation 18 17 4 15 

Hinirnurn 0 0 1 0 

25 percentile 12 20 t; 2 2 

Median 2 5 32 11 31 

75 percentile 36 44 19 4 1 

Maximum f 65 130 5 1 8 6 

f 

site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 68 7 5 7 2 57 

Standard deviation 12 12 9 12 

loiinimum 30 30 40 30 

25 percentile 60 70 70 60 

Median 70 70 70 70 

75 percentile 80 80 80 80 

Maximum 120 120 110 110 

9 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Rean 78 101 60 71 

Standard deviation 53 50 5 6 50 

nicimunr 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 3 2 7 0 3 30 

Median 75 105 5 1 66 

75 percentile 115 137 105 105 

Maximum 347 244 237 347 

g,h Pine basal erea 

(square feet acre) 

Wean 

standard deviation 

Minimin 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Raximum 

9 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

irean 669 816 685 505 

Standdrd deviation 543 545 641 482 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 240 427 120 129 

Median 552 7 34 547 35 1 

75 percentile 945 1,137 1,051 716 

Max~mum 4,575 4,232 3,420 3,578 

g,h 

Pine stems 

[number per acre) 

Hean 331 340 372 281 

Standard deviarion 324 754 345 301 

Mrnlmum 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 94 107 8 2 7 6 

Median 247 220 346 187 

75 percentile 465 445 550 371 

Xaximum 4,125 3,247 3,120 2,847 

q, L Reineke stand 

density index 

Plean 204 250 189 181 

standard dev; at ion 116 109 127 112 

Minimum 1 2 1 2 

35 perceneile I09 180 8 5 91 

Median 198 256 189 166 

75 perrenrile 286 324 289 254 

Maximum 765 564 609 765 

................................................................. 

a 

Inclildes 184,000 acres of planted stands. 

b 

Includes 11,GOO acres af planted stands. 

C 

lnciudes 20,000 acres of planted stands. 

d 

Includes 53,000 acres of planted stands. 

e 

Includes planted and/or natural stands of eastern 

redcedar, pitch pine, sand pine, spruce pine, spruce-fir, 

Taole Xountain pine, and white pine-hemlock. 

149 127 182 252 2148 208 

8 6 7 9 162 109 109 121 

1 I 4 2 1 

8 1 ti 7 90 188 214 106 

145 115 3.78 252 287 182 

209 171 264 317 2-38 275 

450 507 512 558 548 532 ........................................................... C 

Site indices for Georgia were not available at 

time of publicat-on and are treated as rissing values. 

5J 

Live trees 2.0 inch t3.b.h. and larger 

h 

YeLlok pine species cniy. 

i 

Stand density rndices of sta~ds with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 3.--Area of: timberland, sample size, and cIistrlbuiion of selected stand characreristlcs in pirc forest types 

in the Coastal Plain region of the Southeast 

Pine forest types 

sample size1 pine a b c d e 

characteristic types Natural Planted Xatural Planted tongleaf OanO Shortleaf Virginia Other 

iobloLPy lobiolly slash slash pine pine piale pine _____g_____L____-__--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Area {thousand acres) 21,400 4,326 3,250 3,819 5,619 2,304 1,239 594 189 616 

Sample size (number) 7,958 1,607 1,227 2,415 2,094 842 437 4 2 4 2 252 

Age (yearst 

Yean 

Standard deviation 

Minimlrm 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

E 

Site index 

(feet at age 501 

Mean 

Standard aeviation 

Hinimum 

25 percentile 

Fledtan 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

9 

Total basal area 

(square feetiacre) 

He an 

standard deviation 

Mininlum 

25 percentile 

PIedian 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

g,h 

Pine basal ares 

(square feet/acre) 

Flean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

9 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

GI,h 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

Standard deviation 

Bfinimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

CT, i Reineke stand 

density index 

?lean 

Standard deviataol 

Plinimum 

25 percentile 

ReBian 

75 percentile 

VaxLwain 

a 

lncludes 184,000 acres of pla~ted stands. 

b 

I~cludes 11,000 acres of planeed stands 

C 

Includes 5,000 acres of planted stands. 

d 

Includes 3,000 acres of planted stands. 

e 

Includes planted ar.d,'or natural stands of easterr1 

redcedar, sand pine, and spruce pine. 

f 

Site indices for Gecrqia were nor available at 

time of puhilcat~si~ arid are treated as missing values. 

4 

Live trecs 1.0 rncr- d.b.a. afid larger. 

h 

Yellow pine species only. 

i 

Stand density inclfces of stands with no trees at 

leas"c.0 inch d. s.h. are treated as inissing values. 
Table 4 --Area of trnibeiiaid, sa,np;e size, crhil d~srribution of seLcc*ed sland ~hardcter~stzcs ~ii pLiie f~rest "-yy~s 

111 the Pledrllonc reglei7 of t9e Sou+ilea.;: 

-------------"-----------------*-----------------------------------------------------L ------ ..................... -------- 

Pine ferest type; 

Area, ~ii 

sa~:pLa size; pise h c C 

charact.jristlc rypes Satirral Pianted Natural Pianted Lcngicai Pond 33crtLeaf "~irginia Other 

lobicliy icblaily slash slash pine pine r.: ll A *le i pine 

Area (thousand acrss) 1O,E5'? 4,449 2,404 50 3 17 99 8 1,535 1,s-f --- ZVJ 

Age (years j 

Mean 

Standard devcation 

Mini~tum 

25 percentile 

Fled i an 

75 percentile 

Maxinruf? 

Site index 

ifeet at age 50; 

Near, 

Standard devia~io:: 

:~Lr?inturn 

25 percentile 

Yedian 

75 percentile 

Plaxirriurn 

Total basal area 

(square feetiacre) 

?lean 

Star~dard deviation 

3inimuin 

25 percellti le 

:4ed i an 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

fag 

Pine basal area 

{ sqtrare feet 'acre j 

?leal? 

Standard deviation 

Mii~in~urn 

25 percrntile 

?lediar; 

75 percentile 

?laxia%tiril 

Total steins 

(111ln1Cer per acre ) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

4'15 333 I--"* ,/+ GF;9 483. 637 

408 2413 498 465 518 475 

(3 14 426 G 0 0 

208 Ilb 421; 562 646 3061 

390 297 1,179 857 914 522 

616 586 I,~C 1,177 1,248 981 

1,9992 959 1,440 ? 353 3,180 1,765 

Xedian 

75 percc??tiie 

Maximlam 

F, g 

Pine stem 

('rumbe*- per acre 1 

?Iran 

Stanciard deviation 

Minimt~n! 

25 percentile 

:+lodiaii 

75 perciintiie 

xaxi l!tLiill 

f , l; 

Reil;cke sts~d 

densiry inclex 

Meen 

Staltdard dsvi at ton 

:~lj rIirntl#~~ 

25 percentile 

iledisn 

75 percellti le 

>laximuin 

a 

Includes O acres of pianted stands. 

b 

Xnciudes 12,050 acres of piarted s?ar,ds. 

c 

lncltld~s 27,000 acres of piaiii-ei: 5 tax~ds I 

J 

Includes pia:i:ed aiid,-or- ilatxrrrai stands of easterii 

redcedar, pi tch pine, sand pi~ln, Tabin Pleiintairl 

pine, a]-rrl t*l,i"r p:;ie-heiii1oc;i. 

E 

Site 

t ir~w 

indices far Ceorqia xere not available at 

of puhlic,~rion ;lid are createi? as rr~lssing values 

Live trees 1 .C ii;ch d,5.kt, and larqnr 

c? 

Yello:; ;lti!ti, specles ur?iy. 

ii 

Stand density ifidires of stands wirll no trees at 

Leaat 1.C ;inch d.b.h. .ire treated as missing values 
Table 5.--Area of tiaberiand, sample size, and dictrihiitirrn of selected starid charecteristics in pine foresttypes 

in the Moiiiitain regiorr of "rha Soutiic?iist ............................................................................................................................ PII~ forest tvpes 

area 

sample sizc pxi3e a b c d 

charnctar~stic "ypes Vs**~rai Planted XnturaL Planted ~rngleai Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

IobZoFly ;obZo:lv slash slash plne pzne pine pine 

............................................................................................................................ 

Rrea tho-~sand acres j 2, G:J 2 37 9 6 - - - - 6 - - 313 7@2 6 44 

Sample size (nu~herj 441 5 2 30 - - -- ? -- 6 3 155 1 60 

Age ,years) 

Year: 39 3 3 13 

Standaro deviat-GI, 22 14 8 

Mirimus 0 C 2 

25 perc-ntxie 22 20 i, 

Median 35 32 14 

75 percentiie 5 0 $0 20 

Yaxirnum 165 7 G 30 

e 

site index 

ifaet et age 5Cj 

Mean 6 7 - - 88 

Standard ~PV~~~IBII 3.5 -- n 

Mlnlmurn 33 - - 80 

74 ~erccmtsle 6 0 -- 40 

Pledian 70 -- a5 

75 percentile 80 -- 90 

riaX~ifiUR1 3.10 - - '3 L) 

C: 

Totai basal area 

(square feet .acre: 

Hean 111 112 60 

standard Jcviacior 4 6 4 r; 4 7 

Yinlr~urr 0 0 0 

25 percentile 85 90 2 

Median 113 131 6 3 

75 perce~ltlle 144 152 I25 

Narirntrr:i 240 107 727 

f ?!3 

Pine basal area 

(sqddre feet/acrei 

Mean 5 9 Y 5 51 

Standard devlarlc? 4 4 42 44 

rlixintiim 0 0 0 

25 percenti~e 35 67 G 

Median 5 3 0 1 4 4 

75 perc~yzr~ie 9 1 121 117 

"iax~ix*urri 216 18P 216 

f 

Total steris 

(nui~iher per acre, 

*teas 823 755 6.64 

standard devlatinrl 439 422 464 

~'iinlrnitrr 0 G 0 

25 percei~t;ie 541 5C5 :J 

Yedian 780 707 634 

75 perce12tile 1,037 454 1,515 

Ftaxlmlirn 3,362 2,514 1,716 

f,!? 

Pine stems 

i nirmber per acre j 

~aan 268 342 344 

Standard devtation 268 257 755 

Rinimnin 0 0 C 

25 percentile 45 157 0 

Yed~arr 200 293 329 

7 5 perceritile 400 b10 53% 

Y-~xlntt~rn 2,636 1,393 ",I63 

C, h 

Re11 eke sra-rd 

?etisiry I idex 

":eat 165 75' Iff 

f tPridalr3 c?e\ irti01' 5 3 L "1 3 

nllnlrnrii~ ?3 : 2 

25 Dercc1Qtiir 215 242 127 

sledldi~ 273 223 224 

75 percent ie 335 346 323 

*"laxlit irii~ 544 4 '38 541 --------------------_--------------_----"------------------ 

3 

Xvclitdes 0 acrr>s of plaqted s"ar'ds 

b 

Lnciudes 3,000 ai;es of plpnted stlnds 

C 

incliioes 23,000 acres of fiunten stands 

d 

Incli~des pldntgd and/or nstural st??cIs of p*S*prr 

reaccdar, pi'ch plne, syrbce-frr, T;i ,it? "Yo intai? 

Pine, and %411+e pire-hcmlnck 

- - 187 - - 755 269 275 

- - -- - - el B R 9 9 

- - 187 - - 1 4 13 1 - - 167 - - 215 216 214 -- 187 -- 262 281 277 

- - 187 - a 306 331 347 

- - 187 - - 404 484 532 

....................................................... 

P 

41*c indtces for Georgia ere not available at 

*me of piibllcatron and are treated as missing values 

Lrve trees 1.0 Inch 4.0.11. and larger 

g 

Yellcc plnP species oqiy 

h 

Stand rleliszty indices a4 stands hith no trees at 

le-st 1 G xnch d b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 6.--Area of tirnberla:?d, sanrple size, arid distribution sf seiected stand &a:-acteristics i? pi~e iorcsr types 

Pine fr>rCs t:y;-i-s 

Area; All ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

sample size: pine b b c 

characteristic tyjres T:+tiir.a? I'idntecl N~ttural Planted ioi?gLc.?i Pan:! Ciiortlezf Virginia Other 

loblolly Zcblolly slas?~ slash pine pine pine 13 f ne 

Area (thcusand acre%) 7,526 261 317 1,103 3,295 "i ),I 158 30 - - 610 

Sample size inun13srj 2,034 37 11 1 717 I,21F 37 3 .,J 12 - n -- 149 

Age {years) 

Hean 2 4 2 9 9 3 1 If, 4 1 -7 34 - - 21 

Standard deviation 18 18 7 18 9 22 1 i 9 -- 15 

Minirnum 0 1 1 0 1 C] (5 t 5 - - 0 

25 percentile 9 13 3 2 0 7 27 L B 2 5 - - 7 

Median 21 2 9 6 3 2 15 48 38 3 6 - - 20 

75 percentile 35 4 0 15 4 3 22 57 4 L 4 3 - - 3 3 

flaximurn 9 0 80 38 86 4 5 90 8 0 46 - - 8 3 

Site index 

[feet at age 50) 

Mean 

Standard devidtion 

Flinirnurn 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 perce~ttile 

F?aximum 

d 

Total basal ate<& 

(square fcet/ncrel 

Mean 

Standard deviltion 

Minintuin 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maxitnum 

d , e 

 pin^ basal area 

( sqllare feet 'acre 1 

Pkan 

Standard desv iat ion 

Hill i wlum 

25 percentile 

Fledian 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total sterrrs 

nrtniber per acre) 

Mean 

Standarcl devi~tLex~ 

Yi ni ttlurn 

25 percentile 

Yedian 

75 percentile 

Max i~num 

d,e 

Pine stoms 

(number per acre j 

Mean 

Stanclarr? rleviation 

Flinirr~nm 

25 percentile 

??ecIian 

75 percentile 

"laximum 4, 

d, C 

Reineke st'and 

density ii:ticx 

3e.m 

Standard deviat inn 

Mi 11 i inu:]! 

25 percevtiie 

Median 

75 percentile 

*Inxiiiiuiii 

a 

Inii-cicies 90.00C ac~-~;i; of plai!tc?d s '_;~::ds 

b 

Includes 0 acres cf p?antec! st,lr:tis. 

il 

Live trees ? .O ii-~cli d.b.h, ant! lirycr. 

Yell 0% piiie S~CSCI es oi-tly. 

f 

Stal?d de17sity lndlcos of srai~ls wit!? no t~rces at 

lcd-rst 1.0 fnch d.h.l~. '-~ri> ti co"ccl as reissir~g v,aluc-s. 

C 

incliidcs planted and n-lttira! PAI;C: pine stai:ds 
Table 7.--Prea of timberland, sarrple size, and distribation of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

ir, Georgia ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

sample siaei pine a b c d e 

characteristic types Xatural Planted Seatoral Planted LongLen£ Pond S?iortle'-tf LJirqZnirl Other 

iob?olly Loblolly slash slash pine pine pine pine 

............................................................................................................................ 

Age (years) 

Yean 26 30 1 1 3 1 

standard deviatir~ 16 14 9 13 

9inimurn 0 0 1 0 

25 percentile 15 21 4 14 

Median 25 30 9 30 

75 percentile 35 3 8 3 8 40 

Haximum 99 88 38 85 

f 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

fiean -- -- -- -- Standard deviation - - -- - - - - 

Minimum - - -- -- -- 

25 percerrtile -- -- - - -- Median - - - - - - - - 

75 percentile - - -- - - -- Maximum - - - - -- - - 

9 

Total basal area 

(square feet'dc~~) 

Hean 7 8 97 45 82 

Standard deviatloii 5 0 4; tiff 4 6 

P$ininiurn 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 3 8 6 6 0 4 5 

Median 76 101 30 79 

75 percentile 113 130 8 3 115 

Plaximnnt 239 239 203 226 

FJ,h 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/a~re! 

Mean 62 73 41 

Standard deviation 4 1 40 48 

Minimum 0 0 0 

25 percentile 30 45 0 

Median 6 0 73 2 4 

75 percentile 9 0 101 75 

blaxirnunt 225 225 203 

Y 

Total stems 

(nuotb~r per ac~e) 

Mean 628 762 453 645 

Standard deviation 480 483 502 511 

Fli ninuinl 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 2 4 5 433 0 225 

Eledian 53/ 701 331 526 

75 perrentlie 868 1,018 712 882 

Flaxin~uni 3,438 3,247 ~,643 3,438 

g,h 

Pine stems 

(ni~mber per acre) 

Mean 336 368 30 5 338 

Standard de%iat ion 32: 378 342 323 

"linimuw 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 109 119 0 108 

P4edian 256 256 240 232 

75 percentile 466 487 472 462 

"laximum 3,247 3,247 2,088 2,847 

g, i 

Reineke stan? 

density index 

Mean 201 737 153 208 

Standard dekiatiu~ 107 LO?. 111 106 

Minimurn 1 2 1 a 

25 pet celltile 116 168 '7 2 118 

Median 196 241 147 194 

75 percentile 274 304 246 283 

Flaxitrun8 579 5: 5 494 579 

.................................................................. 

a 

Incl31c.f.s 11 ,000 =icri% sf plrr>t?.<i st tici< 

b 

Incliides 3,000 ocros cf plant efj s* itlrts 

C 

Includes 5,000 acres of pl apri d st. inds 

d 

11-icludes 13,000 acres of planter1 ct311ds. 

e 

Includes planted and or natt~ral stands of e~istern 

redcedar, pitch pine, sand pine, and r+hite p~~~e-he~r~lorii 

151 128 152 2 30 769 246 

8 3 7 7 94 32 99 169 

1 1 11 14 4 9 8 

88 70 67 181 216 78 

149 116 130 227 235 214 

207 176 214 291 337 335 

425 507 433 459 -243 511 

---------------------------------------------------------- 

f 

site indices for Georgia were nct akallnbie at 

tinic of publicdtion and are treated as ttriss inti vali~cs. 

ti 

Live trees 1.0 inch d. b. h. and larger. 

h 

Yellow pine species only. 

L 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as nlissiilq valties. 
Table 8.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in North Carolina i 

Pine forest types 

sample size/ pine a b c d e 

characteristic types Natural Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblollyloblol1y slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

Area I thotlsar~d acres ) 6,346 2,076 1,334 - - 195 389 743 503 780 326 

Sample size {number) 2,025 682 473 - - 6 1 113 246 144 2 30 7 6 

Age [years) 

Me&? 31 34 13 - - 18 43 37 40 32 47 

Standard deviation 20 19 7 - - 5 2 3 18 2 2 15 36 

Minimum 0 0 1 - - 5 I 0 2 3 0 

25 percentile I5 20 7 - - 16 32 2 5 2 5 2 2 20 

Median 2 8 33 13 - - 19 46 39 38 32 42 

75 percentile 44 47 19 -- 23 60 49 55 42 60 

Maximum 165 130 33 - - 30 110 9 6 100 70 165 

Site index 

[feet at age 50) 

Hean 

standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

f 

Total basal area 

[square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

fS'3 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

f 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Mini mum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

f,g Pine stems 

(number per acre] 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percenrile 

Maximurn 

f,h 

Beineke stand 

density index 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Max i nrtim 

............................................................................................................................ 

a f 

IncLudes 32,000 acres of planted stands. Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

b g 

Includes 4,000 acres of planted stands. Yellow pine species only. 

c h 

Includes 8,000 acres of planted stands. Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

d least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 

Includes less than 1,000 acres of planted stands. 

e 

Includes plantea and/or natural stands of eastern redcedar, 

pitch pine, spruce-fir, Table Mountain pine, and white pine-hemlock. 
Table 9.--Area of timberland, ssnrple size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in South Carolina ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

Area/ 411 .......................................................................................... 

sample size~ pine a b c d e 

characreristic types %atura; Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblolly iobloiiy slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

Area [thousand acres) 5,437 2.235 1,636 6 9 305 396 201 367 191 37 

Sample size (number) 1,955 816 584 2 7 121 153 82 108 52 12 

Age (years) 

Mean 28 33 13 37 2 7 4 3 36 37 35 34 

Standard deviation 19 18 10 17 7 22 17 2 3 2 2 35 

Minimunt 0 0 1 6 6 0 1 3 2 5 

25 percenti le 11 14 5 2 4 25 2 8 25 2 5 24 14 

Median 2 7 34 10 35 2 7 43 40 35 34 17 

75 percentile 40 4 5 19 50 30 5 9 49 50 45 5 8 

Maximum 150 St0 51 7 5 4 9 104 7 5 150 105 102 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

"lean 7 3 74 73 79 

Standard dwiation 12 12 10 12 

F-linimuin 40 40 40 5 0 

25 percentile 60 7 0 7 0 70 

Median 70 70 70 80 

75 percentile 8 0 80 80 90 

Maxintitm 110 110 110 100 

f 

T~tal basal area 

(square feet:acre) 

Mean 80 94 5 7 101 

Standard deviatior 52 50 5 6 4 5 

Minimum 0 0 0 1 

25 percentile 3 9 6 4 3 7 4 

Medlan 83 98 44 103 

75 percentile 118 129 100 142 

Maximum 244 244 228 193 

:,g 

Pine basal area 

(square feetjacrej 

Mean 64 7 1 51 75 

standard deviation 44 40 51 37 

Minimum 0 0 0 1 

25 percentile 30 45 2 5 4 

Yedian 63 69 39 68 

75 percentile 93 98 90 105 

Waximum 225 202 225 159 

f 

Total stems 

(number per acrtl 

?.lean 668 738 556 702 

Standard deviation 525 543 5 34 416 

Mini mum 0 0 0 178 

25 percentile 263 326 143 313 

Median 558 610 480 665 

75 percentile 955 1,041 794 972 

Maximum 3,663 3,663 3,159 2,028 

f , ST 

Pzne steiss 

(number per acce) 

Mean 328 328 339 254 

Standard deviation 331 365 328 168 

??iinimum 0 0 0 24 

25 percentile 100 88 91 126 

Median 238 200 313 190 

75 percentile 455 422 540 440 

Flaxr inurn 3,120 3,000 3,120 675 

f ,h 

Relrieke stand 

denslty index 

Mean 207 232 170 235 

Standard deviation 111 106 122 102 

Minir~iuw 1 2 I 6 

25 percentile 125 162 6 6 176 

Vedian 208 233 162 245 

75 percentile 287 299 268 299 

+taxirnt~rn 564 564 4 74 459 ................................................................. 

a 

includes 51,000 acres of planted stands. 

D 

Includes 5,000 acres af planted stands. 

C 

Inclades 6,000 acres of planted stands. 

d 

Includes 4,000 acres of planted stands. 

E 

Includes planted and/or natural stands of easrern 

redcedar, pitch pine, spruce pine, and white pine-hemlock. 

200 162 203 236 233 175 

81 9 1 104 106 106 98 

3 3 9 2 12 6 1 4 141 94 119 181 170 83 

188 141 213 231 238 148 

247 228 291 300 306 244 

450 425 485 452 411 323 ........................................................... f 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

9 

Yellow pine species only. 

n 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 10.--Area of tirioerland, sample size, and distribution of selected stafid characteristics in pine fcrest types 

In Vir91ni.a ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

Area: .......................................................................................... 

sam~le size/ pine a a b c 

character rstic Types Watural Planted hatural Piante?! Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

IobLoLlp lcblaliy slash slash pine pine pine pine 

................................................ ........................................................................... 

Area ( the ~sand acres, 3,357 6S3 1,i)i.C -- -- - - 5 14:' 3,030 402 

Age (year*) 

Yearl 29 37 14 

Standard dev,atlo~ 20 19 8 

l.t~n~rnum 0 0 1 

25 percentile 13 2 2 6 

Wedian 2 5 3 7 13 

75 percentile 4 2 50 20 

wsrir-~rin 110 106 4 1 

Site -ndex 

\feet at age 50, 

Mean 6 8 7 3 7 0 

Standard deviation 11 9 8 

*tininturn 30 40 50 

15 percent~le 60 7 0 7 0 

Median 7 0 70 70 

75 percentile 7 0 80 78 

?laximum 100 100 200 

d 

Total basal area 

[square keet:acrej 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minin~urn 

25 percentile 

"leasan 

75 percentile 

Flaximum 

d,e 

Pine basal. area 

(square feetj'acre! 

Mean 

Standard c9eviation 

Yznrnrum 

25 percent) Le 

Yetlian 

75 perce?til.e 

IYaXLInUm 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

ktean 

Standard deviation 

vlinimun 

25 percentile 

Hedlan 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d,e 

Pine SCPT~S; 

(number per acre) 

Hean 

Standard deviation 

MinZvwtn 

25 percentile 

Med i ail 

75 percenrlle 

~~CIx~"<%ln 

d'l 

Rel'ieke sldna 

dens1 ty xndex 

qean 

Standard devlatzo17 

Vznim~rm 

25 percentile 

".ledian 

75 pe~centlle 

"laximun- 

............................................................................................................................ 

a d 

Zncludes 0 acres of planted stards Live trees 1.0 inclt d h. h. and larger. 

b e 

Inciurles 36,000 acres cf plar~i cd stanls. Yel lob pine secies onP3. 

C f 

Includes plantee a*ld/ul- natural stands of eastern redcedar, stand density indrces of stapes w~th no trees at 

plrcl? plne, Table Yountain pine, and ~lhrte ~arce-hemlock least 2.0 inch d b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 11.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

sample size/ 

chitractoristic 

pine e b c d 

types Natural Planted Natural Planted Longleef Pcnd Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblolly loblolly slash slash pine pPne pine pine 

............................................................................................................................ 

Area (thousand acres) 5,286 524 350 1.647 1,830 5'22 133 28 -- 2 

Sample size (nutnberj 1,957 186 140 671 698 203 4 8 :C -- 1 

ago (years) 

lean 2 6 33 9 32 15 4 1 3 7 35 -- 6 

Standard deviation 2 6 14 8 14 8 16 17 17 -- -- Minilsum 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 -- 6 

25 percentile 15 2 5 3 24 9 3 1 30 24 - - 6 

Median 24 31 8 30 IS 4 2 40 30 -- 6 

75 percentile 35 40 14 40 21 51 4 7 53 -- 6 

ntaxinum 99 6 5 36 85 41 9 9 90 60 -- 6 

e 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Hem 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Haximum 

f 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimu~n 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

blaximtim 

f,g 

Pine basal area 

(square feetiacre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Sinirnum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum C 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Medizn 

75 percentile 

I BO 

LBO 

180 

180 

Plaximum I86 

rag 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

~ean 

Standard deviation 

Minimurn 

25 percentile 

Medi an 

75 percentile 

Yaximum 

f,h 

Reineke stand 

density index 

9ean 178 238 147 209 148 128 145 216 -- 8 

Standard deviation 107 105 108 114 88 8 3 9 7 105 -- -- Minimum 1 2 1 4 2 1 15 23 -- 8 

25 percentile 9 8 168 54 6 20 8 5 6 9 6 1 147 -- 8 

Nfedian 168 235 128 195 145 115 118 232 ...- 8 

75 percentile 241 314 221 284 206 I76 214 291 -- 8 

Maximum 579 515 494 579 422 507 431 351 -- 8 

............................................................................................................................ 

a 

Includes 11,000 acres of planted stands 

Is 

Includes 3,000 acres of planted stands. 

e 

Site indices for Georgia were not available at 

time of publication arid are treated as missing vaiaes, 

f 

Live trees 1.0 inch d. b.h. and larger. 

9 

Yellow pine species only. 

h 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 

Includes 2,000 acres of planted stands. 

d 

Planted sand pine. 
Table 22.--Area of timberland, sample? size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Piedmont region of Gaorgia ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

Area,' .......................................................................................... 

sample slze) pl -e d a a a b 

characterlsr-c r3pes Xeturai Pianted hatural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblolly Inbio:ly slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

Area ( Zs>ousanu acres, 5, I24 2,946 933 50 331 9 4 4 611 62 33 

Sample; size jnr*rnbes) I, 523 876 264 6 7 9 6 32 3 168 17 10 

~ge (years1 

Xean 26 29 1 19 24 4 3 37 3 2 3 2 11 

Stanidrd Ci~+~at-cn 9 5 14 4 14 8 20 4 15 15 7 

ETinirnbn ir 0 i 0 1 6 32 2 2 4 

25 parcurrile 14 20 4 6 24 2 6 3 2 24 2 8 4 

wedlar, 25 30 3 25 22 4 2 38 3 5 34 10 

75 percentile 3": 38 20 37 25 60 4 1 40 40 19 

klaxirn~im $0 85 3 8 45 35 90 4 1 79 70 2 2 

c 

§Ire index 

{feet at aye 50) 

Mean 

S'andard dcavinticn 

Mrnircum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentzle 

Maxirnrrlr 

d 

Totdl nasal area 

(square feetiacre) 

Mean 02 95 46 4 3 6 6 

Standarn deviaticn 49 4 5 51 4 9 41 

MilnirLiin 0 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 47 6 4 0 5 37 

Median 87 i00 36 4 6 68 

75 percenrl le 110 128 8 6 90 93 

Maximum 234 233 20 3 i69 195 

0 r" 

Pine basal area 

(sqtrare feet acra] 

Mean 5 4 7 2 4 3 3 9 61 

Standard aevlatrci; 4 7 3 8 49 4 6 4 1 

:Ni nlmurn 0 v 0 0 0 

25 percentile 3 5 4 5 G 3 3 2 

Median 63 71 3 2 28 61 

75 percentile 9 5 1 OC 81 89 83 

Plaximurn 225 225 203 154 195 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acre\ 

Nean 687 775 462 286 477 

Standard deviation 466 465 528 346 411 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 329 451 0 20 202 

Median 629 720 336 162 390 

75 percentile 963 1,018 715 516 642 

Naxlmum 3,247 3,247 2,643 1,327 1,992 

d,e 

Pine sterns 

[number per acre) 

~ean 366 391 337 164 309 

Standard d~vlation 364 383 160 246 247 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 

25 perce,,tr ie 1i6 132 0 2 0 168 

Wed~arr 2E6 2'77 2 35 202 275 

75 perce itd ic 494 52s 480 205 4 35 

"!axi:~i~ita 3,247 3,247 2,088 1.027 1,244 

d, f 

Relneke s "?~d 

eensity ~I-~SX 

Mean 213 ^? lj2 152 247 167 123 264 223 277 113 

Standard dev~?t_cr 103 99 1C9 107 8 3 66 j 02 8 6 8 2 93 

winimiia* 3 2 35 1 14 205 4 8 63 13 

25 parcent-l@ 14:: 167 76 50 114 70 205 173 214 13 

Median 219 240 148 131 171 117 209 223 2 90 64 

75 percen-~le 292 307 246 224 218 163 403 284 344 192 

Maximum 515 515 422 415 425 248 403 459 423 261 ............................................................................................................................ 

a d 

Includes 2 acres of pipnten sta,~ds. Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and Larger. 

h F 

Includes natural easrern redcedar and pidrted sand Yellow pine species only. 

pine stands. f 

c Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

Site indices for Georg~a were not available at least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values, 

time of publscarlcn and are treated as misslrg values. 

Table 14.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in tne Ccastal Plain region of Pjorth Carolina 

Pine forest types 

sample size/ pine a b c c 

characteristic types Natural Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblollyloblolly slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

area jtbousand acres) 4,006 1,602 1,052 - - 195 389 743 18 7 -- 

Sample size (ntiniber ] 1,332 537 368 -- 6 1 113 246 5 2 -- 

rile (years 

'3er7P 29 34 12 18 4 3 37 45 2 3 -- -- 

Standard deviation 2 0 20 7 -- 5 23 18 2 5 11 -- *linintum 0 0 1 5 1 0 7 15 -- -- 

25 percentile 13 2 0 7 -- 16 32 2 5 22 15 -- Median 2 5 34 12 -- 19 46 39 5 5 2 3 -- 75 percentile 42 48 18 -- 2 3 60 49 63 30 - - ".laximum 130 130 3 2 - - 30 110 9 6 6 5 30 - - 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

*,lean 

Standard deviation 

h'linintum 

25 ~ercentile 

Hedisn 

75 percentile 

Yaxinlr:m 

d 

Total basal area 

[ square feet,'acre 1 

Plean 

Standard deviation 

Minin~il:n 

25 percentile 

Ktedian 

75 per~entile 

filaxiintim 

d, e 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

!,Jean 

Standard deviation 

Min i~num 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total stems 

(~~urnber per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Xinie:uw 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percer-itile 

Maxi~rrnin 

d,e 

Pine sterrs 

tnnmber per acre) 

Fledn 

Standsad deviation 

Minimuin 

15 perce~tile 

Vedian 

75 percentile 

Maximuni 

d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 229 281 

Standard deviation 123 111 

Plinin~urn 1 1 

25 percentile 131 223 

3edian 238 292 

75 percentile 328 366 

Maximum 558 553 

I 

Incltbrles 32,000 acres of planted stands 

b 

Inclttdes 4,000 acres of planted stands. 

213 -- 183 139 196 2 90 278 - - 125 -- 9 6 8 9 118 185 8 9 -- 2 -- 16 8 3 9 6 218 -- 113 -- 108 8 7 96 129 218 - - 208 -- 182 129 199 340 278 -- 322 - - 251 182 280 452 338 -- 554 - - 437 399 512 558 338 -- .---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

d 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

e 

Yellow pine species only. 

f 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values 

includes 0 acres of pldrlted stands. 
Table 15.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Piedmont region of North Carolina 

Pine forest types 

sample size/ pine a b c 

characteristic types Watural Planted h'atural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

lobfolly lablolly slash slash pine pine pine pine 

Area (thousand acres) 1,811 473 276 -- - - -- - - 448 559 4 5 

Sample size (number) 575 145 103 -- -- -- - - 131 183 13 

Age (years) 

Mean 3 1 33 14 -- -- -- - - 38 32 20 

Standard deviation 18 17 9 -- -- -- 21 15 2 4 -- 

Minimum 0 0 1 -- -- -- -- 2 3 0 

25 percentile 18 20 7 -- - - -- - - 24 21 10 

Median 29 3 1 16 -- -- -- -- 36 3 2 19 

75 percentile 4 3 4 5 24 -- -- -- - - 53 4 2 4 9 

Maximum 100 75 33 -- - - -- - - 100 7 0 69 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 7 1 7 7 76 -- standard deviation 11 11 9 -- Winimum 40 50 50 -- 25 percentile 60 70 7 0 - - Median 7 0 80 70 - - 75 percentile 80 80 80 -- Maximum 110 110 110 -- d 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Wean 107 125 7 2 -- Standard deviation 54 4 9 56 -- Minimum 0 0 0 -- 25 percentile 7 5 9 9 11 - - Median 112 125 75 -- 75 percentile 145 157 130 -- Plaximrim 246 238 233 -- d,e 

Pine basal area 

(square feetjacre) 

Mean 81 97 61 -- Standard deviation 4 7 4 5 51 - - Minimum 0 0 0 -- 25 percentile 5 2 6 6 8 -- Median 83 100 60 - - 75 percentile 113 128 104 -- Maximum 233 222 233 -- d 

Total sterns 

(number per acre) 

Mean 956 1,013 750 - - Standard deviation 554 565 608 -- Minimum 0 0 0 -- 25 percentile 561 584 240 -- Median 898 897 592 -- 75 percentile 1,345 1,388 1,373 -- Maximum 3,014 3,014 2,376 -- d,e 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 417 435 328 -- Standard deviation 369 370 245 -- Minimum 0 0 0 -- 25 percentile 170 180 147 -- Median 314 314 304 -- 75 percentile 547 551 513 - - Maxintum 2,580 1,770 896 - - d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 274 304 214 -- Standard deviation I16 107 120 -- Plinimum 2 3 4 -- 25 percentile 203 243 141 -- Vedian 282 298 228 -- 75 percentile 352 372 325 -- Maximum 552 525 552 - - .................................................................... 

a 

Includes 8,000 acres of planted stands. 

b 

Includes 0 acres of planted stands. 

C 

Includes planted and/or natural stands of eastern redcedar, 

pitch pine, Table Flountain pine, and white pine-hemlock. 

- - -- - - 292 267 179 

- - -- -- 114 107 155 - - -- -- 10 2 14 -- - - -- 219 2 10 25 -- -- -- 290 278 158 

- - -- -- 355 345 281 - - -- -- 532 548 420 ........................................................ d 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and Larger. 

e 

Yellow pine species only. 

f 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 16.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the blountain region of North Carolina ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

sample size/ pine a a b 

characteristic types Naturai Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

ioblolly ioblvlly slash slash pine pine pine pine 

Area thousand acres) 525 -- 5 -- - - -- -- 37 205 281 

Sample size inumber) 118 -- 2 -- -- -- 8 4 5 6 3 -- 

Age (years] 

Flean 44 -- 24 -- - - -- -- 6 3 3 3 50 

Standard deviation 26 -- 3 -- - - -- -- 22 13 31 

Minimum 3 -- 19 -- -- -- -- 3 7 3 10 

25 percentile 2 7 -- 19 -- -- -- -- 4 1 2 7 2 6 

Median 40 -- 2 2 -- - - -- -- 5 9 35 4 3 

75 percentile 53 -- 2 5 -- -- -- -- 7 9 42 64 

Maximum 165 -- 2 5 -- -- -- -- 9 8 5 6 165 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 72 -- 8 8 -- - - -- -- 7 2 71 7 3 

Stsndard deviation 15 -- 4 -- -- -- -- 9 10 19 

Minimum 40 -- 80 -- -- -- -- 60 40 40 

25 percentile 6 0 - - 80 -- - - - - -- 63 60 60 

Median 70 -- 8 5 -- -- -- -- 7 5 70 70 

75 percentile 80 -- 90 -- - - -- -- 80 80 90 

Maxim~tm 110 -- 90 -- -- -- - - 80 90 110 

Total. basal area 

( sqtiare feet/acre 

Nean 125 

Standard deviation 41 

?linin*urq 0 

25 percentile 102 

Median 127 

75 percen'ile 154 

Maximum 227 

c,d 

Pine basal area 

{square feetiacre) 

Mean 5 1 

Standard deviation 45 

Minimum 0 

25 percentile 0 

Median 45 

75 percentile 8 3 

Flaximum 216 

C 

Toral stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 937 

Standard deviation 522 

Minirnunr 0 

25 percentile 603 

Heo i an 843 

75 percentile 1,128 

Max i munt 3,362 

c,d 

Pine sterris 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimurn 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Haxitnum 

c,e 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 

Sxandard deviation 

Rinimum 

25 percentile 

Fled i an 

75 percentile 

Filaximdin 

Includes 0 acres of planted stands. 

b 

includes planted and/or natural stands of pltch 

pine, spruce-fir, Table Yountain pine, and 

white pine-hemlock. 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger 

d 

Yellow pine species only. 

e 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 17.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand ckaracter,stics in pi-*e forest types 

in the Coastal Plain region of South Carolina ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

sample size/ pine a b c d 

characteristic types Katural Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginla Gther 

lobiolly Loblolly slash slash prne plne pxne pine 

............................................................................................................................ 

Area i thousa1x3 acres ) 3,304 1,342 965 6 9 248 396 ZCl 35 - - 3 

Sample size (number) 1,339 555 389 27 119 I53 6 2 12 -- 2 

Age (years) 

Mean 2 7 3 2 12 37 27 4 3 3 6 36 -- 5 6 

Standard deviation 19 18 9 18 7 23 18 18 - - 12 

Mini mum 0 0 1 6 6 0 2 7 -- 31 

25 percentile 1 1 18 5 24 2 4 2 t? 25 1 B -- 4 1 

Median 2 6 33 8 35 2 7 43 413 38 -- 52 

75 percentile 40 44 18 50 30 59 4 9 53 -- 6 3 

Maximum 304 90 4 5 75 4 9 104 75 63 - - 63 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 72 76 

Standard deviation 12 12 

Minimum 40 40 

25 percentile 60 70 

Median 7 0 70 

75 percentile 80 80 

Maximum 110 110 

e 

Total basal area 

(square fet?t/acre) 

Mean 78 94 

Standard deviation 53 51 

Minimum 0 0 

25 percentile 36 6 1 

Median 7 9 9 8 

75 percentile 115 131 

Maximum 24.1 244 

e,f 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 63 71 

standard deviation 44 4 1 

Minimum 0 0 

25 percentile 30 4 5 

Median 6 3 7 0 

75 percentile 91 98 

&laximum 225 202 

e 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 611 667 

Standard deviation 504 520 

Minimum 0 0 

25 percentile 232 272 

Median 521 547 

75 percentile 906 982 

Flaximirm 3,300 3,300 

e, f 

Pine stems 

(nuntber per acre) 

Mean 293 274 

Standard deviation 283 302 

Minimum 0 0 

25 percentile 92 80 

Median 214 167 

75 percentile 433 368 

Maximuin 7,256 2,256 

e,y 

Reineke sta~id 

density i~dex 

Mean 198 226 

Standard deviation 112 110 

Minimuin 1 2 

25 percentile 114 155 

Wedi an 106 227 

75 percentile 277 30 2 

Maximum 564 564 ............................................. 

a 

Includes 51,000 acres of plsnted stands. 

b 

Includes 5,000 acres cf planted stands. 

C 

Incliides 2,000 acres of planted stands. 

d 

Includes natural star~ds of eastern redcedar 

and spruce pine. 

e 

Live trees 1.0 inch d. b. h. acd larger. 

f 

Yeliow pine species only. 

J 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch c1.b.h. arc treated as n~iising values. 
Table 18,--Ares of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Pze&ront region of South Carolina ............................................................................................................................ Fine forest types 

Area/ All .......................................................................................... sample size/ pine a b c 

characteristic types Natural. Planted Natural Planted Lcngleslf Pond Shcrtleaf Virginia other 

LablolLy Lablolly slash slash pine pine pine pine ............................................................................................................................ 

Area ithcusanZ acres) 2,134 893 672 - - 7 - - -- 338 191 34 

Sample size fnunber) 616 261 195 - - 2 - - -- 96 5 2 1 0 

Age (years: 

Mean 28 34 i 5 - - 28 .. - -- 37 35 32 

Standard devlarion 19 17 12 -- 0 - - -- 2 1 19 33 

Minimum 0 0 1 - - 2 8 -- 3 2 5 -- 

25 percentile 13 20 5 -- 2 8 -- -- 2 5 24 13 

Median 28 35 12 -- 28 - - -- 35 34 15 

75 percentile 41 4 8 25 -- 28 - - - - 50 45 32 

Maximum IS0 7 5 51 - - 26 -- -- 150 105 102 

Site index 

(feet at age 50: 

Plean 

Standard deviation 

Ninimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acr@) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Yaxirnum 

d,e 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviatron 

Mznimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acraj 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d,e 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard devisrxon 

Flinimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Ma~imum 

d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Hean 

Standard deviar~on 

Kiinimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

-- 212 -- -.. 238 233 169 

-- 48 -- -- 97 9 5 8 6 

-- 177 -- - - 4 12 70 

- - 177 -- -- 185 170 8 3 

-- 211 -- - - 2 34 238 148 - - 245 -- -- 304 106 218 -- 245 -- -- 452 411 309 

................................................................. d 

Live trees 1.0 inch d. b. h. and larger. 

e 

Vello~~ pine species only. 

f 

stand density Indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 

a 

inciudes 4,000 acres of planted stands. 

b 

Includes 4,000 acres of planted stands. 

e 

Includes planted andlor natural stands of eastern 

redcedar, pitch pine, and white pine-hemlock, 
Table 19.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distriaution of selected stand character~stics In pine forest types 

in the Coastal Plain region of Virginia ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

Areal .......................................................................................... 

sample size/ pine a a b 

characteristic types haturai Planted hatural Planted Largleaf Pond Shortleaf Vlrginia Other 

loblaliy ioblolly slash slash pine pine glne prne 

............................................................................................................................ 

Frea [thousand acres) :,279 596 566 -- -- -- 5 ;" 102 -- 

Sample size {number) 496 232 219 -- -- -- 2 3 40 - - 

Age (years) 

Mean 27 38 14 -- -- -- 81 5 7 36 

standard deviation 20 21 8 - - -- -- 2 6 10 16 

Minimum 0 Q I -- -- -- 60 50 8 

25 percentile 12 23 7 -- -- 60 50 27 -- 

Median 23 38 13 -- -- -- 79 54 36 

75 percentile 40 50 20 -- -- - - 4 8 6 8 44 

Maximum 106 106 41 -- - - -- 9 8 6 8 7 0 

Sirs index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

C 

Total basal area 

( square fee t,'ctcre i 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimuin 

25 percent~le 

Median 

75 lercentlle 

f.laximt;in 

o,d 

Pine basal area 

{square Eoet/acre) 

Mean 

standard deviation 

Hinixrum 

2% percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Flaxirnurn 

c 

Total stems 

inumber per acre] 

blem 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maxintum 

c,d 

Plne stems 

(number per acre) 

Me ail 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Yediisn 

75 percentile 

Maxin~~m 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 279 700 

Srandard deviation 120 103 

Vinlmum 1 1 

25 percentile 214 245 

Medlan 242 303 

75 percentlie 362 363 

Haximiirn 543 543 

.............................................. 

-- - - 259 331 303 -- -- - - 9 4 75 97 -- -- - - 383 298 44 -- -- -- 183 246 252 - - - - - - 251 37 1 322 -- -- - - 319 37 2 376 -- -- - - 319 372 478 -- 

d 

'fellow pine species only. 

e 

Stand deiiiity indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 

I 

Includes 0 acres of planted stands 

b 

1nci:ldes 7,000 acres of pianted dE;rcriids 

C 

I,:ve trees 1.0 I:?-h d.b.h. and larger 
Table 20.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Piedmont region of Virginia ............................................................................................................................ Pine forest types 

sample size; 

characteristic 

pine a b c 

types Natural Planted Natural Planted Longleaf Pond Shortleaf Virginia Other 

loblolly lobloily slash slash pine pine pine pine 

Area [thousand acres) 1,590 8 7 524 -- - - - - -- 138 750 95 

sample size (number) 441 2 5 137 -- -- -- -- 34 212 2 8 

Age [years) 

Mean 2 6 30 14 - - -- -- -- 4 5 31 2 2 

Standard deviation f 7 16 9 - - -- -- -- 18 15 18 

Flinimum 0 0 1 -- -- -- -- 7 1 3 

25 percentile 13 18 6 -- -- -- -- 34 19 9 

Median 23 3 1 13 -- -- -- -- 45 33 19 

75 percentile 38 47 19 -- -- -- -- 54 41 30 

Maximum 8 5 5 5 34 -- -- -- - - 8 5 7 9 7 5 

site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 6 7 6 9 6 9 -- -- -- -- 62 65 6 6 

Standard deviation 10 9 8 -- - - -- -- 12 9 10 

Minimum 40 50 50 -- -- - - -- 40 40 40 

25 percentile 60 60 70 -- - - -- -- 50 60 60 

Median 70 7 0 70 -- - - -- -- 6 0 60 70 

75 percentile 70 70 70 -- - - -- -- 70 70 70 

Maximum 100 90 90 -- - - - - -- 90 100 90 

d 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d,e 

Pine basal area 

[square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d,e 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Yaximum 

d,f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Hean 255 300 228 - - -- -- - - 295 270 I52 

Standard deviation 116 9 2 138 -- -- -- -- 101 101 4 6 

?'iinimurn 2 57 2 -- -- -- - - 51 4 15 

25 percentile 190 251 120 -- - - - - - - 252 216 73 

Median 279 319 239 -- -- -- -- 300 291 I75 

75 percentile 338 370 315 -- - - - - - - 361 344 235 

Maximum 607 449 607 -- -- - - -- 503 531 337 

a 

Includes 0 acres of planted stands. 

b 

Includes 23,000 acres of planted stands. 

C 

Includes planted and/or natural stands of eastern 

redcedar and chite pine-hemlock. 

d 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger 

Yellow pine species only. 

f 

Stand density indices of stands crth no trees at 

least 1.0 Inch d.b.h. are treated as mlssl?g %&Sues 
Table 21.--4rea of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Mountain region of Virginia 

Pine forest types 

sample size/ 

characteristic 

pine a b 

types Natural Planted Natural Planted hngieaf Pond Shortleaf \rirginia other 

loblally loblolly slash slash pine pine pine pine 

Area ( thousand acres) 489 -- - - - - -- -- - - -- 178 311 

Sample size {number) 119 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 42 77 

Age (years) 

Mean 46 -- -- - - -- -- -- -- 37 5 1 

Standard deviation 24 -- - - - - - - -- - - 18 2 5 -- 

Minimum 3 - - - - -- -- - - -- -- 6 3 

25 percentile 2 7 -- - - - - - - -- - - -- 23 30 

Sedian 47 -- - - - - - - - - -- - - 33 50 

75 percentile 61 -- - - - - -- - - -- 5 2 67 -- 

Haximum 110 - - -- -- -- -- -- -- 70 110 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

~ean 6 2 - - -- -- -- -- -- - - 6 1 62 

Standard deviation 13 -- - - -- -- - - -- -- I I 14 

Ninimum 30 -- -- - - -- -- - - -- 40 30 

25 percentile 50 - - -- - - - - - - -- -- 5 8 50 

Median 60 - - - - -- - - -- -- - - 60 60 

75 percentile 70 -- -- - - -- -- -- -- 70 70 

Maxln~um 100 -- -- - - -- -- -- -- 80 100 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 105 -- -- -- -- Standard deviation 4 9 -- -- - - -- Minimum 0 - - -- -- - - 25 percentile 77 -- -- -- - - Nedian 107 -- - - -- -- 75 percentile 137 - - - - - - - - Maximum 240 - - -- - - - - c,d 

Pine basal area 

[square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Fledian 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

C 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimunr 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

FIaximum 

c,d 

Pine stems 

(number per acre] 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Piininbum 

25 percentile 0 

Median 116 

75 percentile 263 

Maximum 1,206 

c,e 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 246 -- - - -- -- - - -- -- 236 152 

Standard deviation 95 -- -- -- -- -- - - - - 8 9 9 9 

Minimum 1 - - -- - - -- -- -- -- 13 I 

25 percentile 191 -- -- -- -- -- - - -- 183 193 

Median 256 -- -- - - -- -- - - -- 237 272 

75 percentile 316 -- -- -- - - - - -- -- 307 335 

a c 

Includes 9,000 acres of planted stands. Live trees 1,0 inch d.b.k, and larger 

b d 

Includes planted and/or natural stands of eastern Yellow pine species only. 

redcedar, pitch pine, Table Elountain pine, and 

white pine-hemlock, 

0 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d,b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 22.--Area cf tlniberland, sawple size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

In tne Soafheast, by ccnership and stand origin 

Ocnership and stfind ~rig~~ 

sample size, a h 

characteristic *:aticcai forest Other puhllc Forest lndi~stry Pa rrre r Other private 

Vatural Planted *:atrrrir1 Planted latura2 Piir~ted Xatural Planted Satural Planted 

Area ( tbobisand acres) 1,243 343 1,616 471 3,251 7,795 ",I51 1,097 10,431 2,705 

Age [years J 

%lext 3 0 14 4 1, 19 

Standard d~v~=tion 2 4 I 1 16 8 

>linimi~m 0 1 0 1 

25 percentlie '1 0 5 2 8 13 

Yedlan 5i; 1 0 39 21 

75 perccntilp 6 0 18 51 27 

Maxlmuni 165 56 96 49 

C 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Yean 66 6 4 64 6 6 

5tandard devlntion 14 9 11 9 

Minimrim 30 if 0 30 40 

25 percentile 60 60 6 0 60 

Xed i an 70 6 0 7 0 70 

75 percentile 8 0 70 70 70 

Max-iiituni 100 90 110 100 

d 

Total bas31 area 

(square feet /acre) 

Mean 8 7 4 2 82 5 9 

Standard deviatla? 49 40 4 2 3 6 

Yininram 0 0 0 0 

25 percerlrile 4 6 2 5 2 35 

Median 78 30 85 67 

75 percentile 110 62 123 100 

Mdximrim 347 142 249 227 

d,e 

Pinf basal ares 

(square feet/acre) 

filean 5 8 34 65 52 

Standard deviation 36 3 3 34 34 

Mlnimunr 0 0 0 0 

25 percerilile 34 1 38 24 

bled i ~n 0 0 2 5 68 53 

75 percentile 83 5 2 9 2 87 

Yaximum 192 135 249 216 

cl 

Total stems 

1 number per acre l 

Mean 565 712 553 578 

Standard deviation 484 693 388 360 

Minimunr 0 0 0 0 

25 percent] le 152 126 205 300 

Median 376 511 496 523 

75 per centsle 708 1,172 824 814 

Maximum 1,631 3,180 3,115 2,417 

d,~ 

Pine sterns 

(nrtnitser per acre) 

Plean 237 517 251 363 

Standard derriation 304 564 235 2 30 

Mlnrnaum 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 67 66 8 7 171 

Iled 1 an 146 380 171 322 

75 pert-nt~le 283 8 38 340 455 

'l'xlntri?~~ ?, 256 3,120 2,688 2,088 

cl, : 

Rezn~Le stmd 

densx ty lndrx 

Yean 204 19 1 192 159 

Standard de%ration 109 96 9 5 7 7 

I~linlnit8m 7 2 I 1 

15 perceltrle 105 52 118 106 

'ledian 177 124 192 167 

75 rei ce~tt~Ie 26 1 213 285 237 

\*axim~lni 765 492 591 544 

------------------------------------------------------------------ 

s 

Includes stnrcls leased to forc~t rndus try 

h 

Ii-tciudes mlscc llaneo~~s pr rvate ~ndivldiial s and 

corpn,etrc!-ts other i hnn fcrest int'ustry 

C 

-lie ~IJJICPS for Ceorgl'ii here not av-ixlnb!c at 

rille of kjt.bl~catlni-i J are t c-lted 2s mrsslng %aloes 

2 30 168 134 163 223 172 

120 111 114 114 120 105 

L 1 1 I 1 1 

130 79 150 6 1 127 8 8 

234 158 237 161 2 20 163 

315 245 313 235 301 233 

653 554 533 607 586 552 

.......................................................... 

d 

Live trees 3. C ir'tcii d. ti. h. and larger. 

e 

Yello~,: pine species only. 

f 

Stand density intiices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 incl-i d.13.h. art? treated 7t.s missi~~g values. 
Table 23.--Area of timberland, sample size. and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest typcrs 

in the Coastal Plain region of the Southeast, by ownership and stand origin ----__------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*--- 

Omership and stand origin 

Area/ -_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*----**- 

sample size/ a b 

characteristic National forest Other public Forest industry Farmer Other private 

Matural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Plmtcad -----_---------------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*---- 

Area (thousand acres) 701 247 1,253 418 2,172 6,107 2,918 747 4,958 1.877 

Sample size (number) 285 104 561 207 785 2,243 1,030 269 1,996 698 

Age (years) 

Mean 47 13 4 1 

Standard deviation 19 10 17 

Minimum 0 1 0 

25 percentile 36 5 2 8 

Medim 49 9 40 

75 percentile 58 18 5 2 

Maximum 110 56 96 

C 

Site index 

(feet at age 50) 

Mean 67 6 1 64 

Standard deviation 12 9 13 

Minimum 40 40 30 

25 percentile 60 60 60 

Median 70 60 70 

75 percentile 80 70 70 

Maximum 100 90 110 

d 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 68 35 74 

Standard deviation 4 3 34 44 

Minimum 0 0 0 

25 percentile 37 2 45 

Medim 6 1 2 6 7 2 

75 percentile 9 1 53 110 

Maximum 347 141 249 

d,e 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d,e 

Pine stems 

(number per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Mini mum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 212 165 220 156 196 158 

131 110 117 109 122 104 

2 1 1 1 1 1 

102 8 1 130 60 95 73 

215 156 221 159 185 150 

309 236 304 227 285 220 

653 554 533 467 586 490 .--------------------------------------------------------- d 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

e 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

a 

Includes stands leased to forest industry. 

b 

Includes miscellaneous private individuals and Yellow pine species only. 

f 

Stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 

corporations other than forest industry. 

C 

Site indices for Georgia were not available at 

time of publication and are treated as missing values 
Table 24.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Piedmont region of the Southeast, by ownership and stand origin 

Ownership and stand origin 

sample size/ a h 

characteristic National forest Other public Forest industry Farmer Other private 

Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted ............................................................................................................................ 

Area (thousand acres] 215 74 336 50 984 1,606 1,917 323 4,385 767 

Sample size (number) 64 23 194 33 292 485 535 90 1,209 210 

Age [years) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

C 

Site index 

(feet at age 501 

Mean 74 

Standard deviation 13 

Minimum 40 

25 percentile 70 

Median 70 

75 percentile 80 

Maximum 100 

d 

Total basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 102 

Standard deviation 4 3 

Minimum 0 

25 percentile 78 

Median 102 

75 percentile 127 

Maximum 190 

d,e 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 7 5 

Standard deviation 35 

Minimum 0 

25 percentile 5 8 

Median 7 5 

75 percentile 9 8 

Maximum 148 

d 

Total stems 

(number per acre] 

Mean 789 865 752 631 

Standard deviation 576 779 343 415 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 391 142 411 276 

Median 579 991 661 563 

75 percentile 1,040 1,552 986 1,348 

Maximum 2,325 2,348 2,792 2,417 

d, e 

Pine stenrs 

(number per acre) 

Mean 391 457 357 408 459 377 383 288 407 299 

Standard deviation 484 493 259 284 454 375 370 276 380 303 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 76 8 3 118 162 152 49 151 7 6 152 80 

Median 162 300 224 300 354 349 292 216 296 250 

75 percentile 486 811 419 583 685 540 495 455 535 460 

Maximum 1,817 1,628 2,454 2,088 3,247 3,120 2,940 1,232 3,000 2,043 

d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 259 183 254 173 260 177 250 171 240 197 

Standard deviation 7 5 119 6 8 7 8 9 5 128 107 125 110 104 

Flinimum 109 9 6 12 2 1 6 4 2 2 

25 percentile 191 7 2 186 107 211 7 3 187 57 173 127 

Median 251 214 263 201 267 170 264 167 244 190 

75 percentile 299 314 32 2 300 328 286 322 246 312 257 

Maximum 420 354 505 449 532 549 527 607 548 552 ............................................................................................................................ 

a d 

Includes stands leased to forest industry. Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

b e 

Includes miscellaneous private individuals and 

corporations other than forest industry. 

C 

Site indices for Georgia were not available at 

time of publication and are treated as missing values 

Yellow pine species only. 

f 

stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Table 25.--Area of timberland, sample size, and distribution of selected stand characteristics in pine forest types 

in the Mountain region of the Southeast, by omership and stand origin ............................................................................................................................ Omerahip and stand origin 

sample size/ a b 

characteristic Wational forest Other public Forest industry Farmer Other private 

Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted Natural Planted 

Area [thousand acres) 327 2 2 2 7 3 95 8 2 316 27 1,087 60 

Sample size (nwberl 70 5 17 10 35 2 8 65 6 213 12 

Age [years) 

?&an 5 9 19 56 2 5 30 12 39 20 38 2 3 

Standard deviation 2 7 18 15 2 15 7 18 11 20 11 

Minimum 6 2 15 14 0 2 4 3 3 5 

25 percentile 44 3 2 7 18 20 4 30 11 2 6 15 

Median 60 2 5 35 24 30 13 36 19 35 24 

75 percentile 70 35 51 2 9 40 17 48 30 50 31 

Maximum 165 4 5 8 6 38 80 30 110 36 109 38 

C 

Site index 

(feet at age 501 

Mean 56 80 6 3 8 1 6 7 7 5 66 7 8 70 80 

Standard deviation 14 10 10 3 11 6 9 10 16 2 3 

Minimum 30 70 40 70 40 70 50 70 40 40 

25 percentile 45 70 60 7 5 60 70 60 70 60 65 

Median 50 80 60 80 70 7 5 70 7 5 70 80 

75 percentile 65 90 80 100 80 80 70 8 8 80 95 

Maximum 90 90 90 100 110 80 80 90 110 110 

d 

Total basal area 

[square feet/acre) 

Mean 117 65 114 197 105 6 7 115 102 112 109 

Standard deviation 44 6 3 2 8 12 41 49 48 70 44 70 

Minimum 12 0 45 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 8 8 4 122 123 5 7 3 8 2 34 89 4 1 

Median 113 7 8 150 217 107 6 3 114 104 112 125 

75 percentile 142 129 156 225 125 127 146 173 140 151 

Maximum 238 142 227 227 202 201 240 187 226 210 

d, e 

Pine basal area 

(square feet/acre) 

Mean 4 9 26 7 9 7 8 5 9 4 5 60 39 6 6 13 

Standard deviation 37 38 16 2 7 33 39 5 1 50 45 25 

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

25 percentile 8 0 7 5 0 17 0 6 0 36 0 

Xedian 51 0 9 1 0 55 2 8 50 9 6 3 0 

75 percentile 75 6 5 128 31 96 109 97 94 94 2 1 

Maximum 128 8 3 150 216 121 150 188 108 173 68 

d 

Total stems 

inumber per acre) 

Mean 834 482 684 941 943 864 677 517 881 572 

Standard deviation 394 694 264 140 414 502 323 302 480 344 

Minimum 142 0 4 6 342 0 0 60 0 0 0 

25 percentile 599 9 583 376 598 74 435 185 599 317 

Median 718 276 828 509 943 988 709 6 34 807 518 

75 percentile 1,004 1.099 1,337 1.083 1,184 1,376 881 734 1,057 914 

maximum 2,631 1,673 3,115 1,575 2,514 1,916 1,439 754 3,362 1,024 

d,e 

Pine stems 

(nuntber per acre) 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Minimum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 1, 

d, f 

Reineke stand 

density index 

Mean 

Standard deviation 

Wir~imum 

25 percentile 

Median 

75 percentile 

Maximum 

Includes stands leased to forest industry. 

b 

Includes miscellaneous private individuals and 

corporations other than forest industry. 

c 

Site indices for Georgia were not available at 

time of publication and are treated as missing values 

Live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. 

e 

Yellow pine species only. 

f 

stand density indices of stands with no trees at 

least 1.0 inch d.b.h. are treated as missing values. 
Index of Figures 

Page Page 

1 . PIA survey units in the 

Southeast. by State and physiographic region ................ 2 

Distributions of pine stand structural characteristics. Southeast 

Coastal Plain: 

2 . Percentage distribution of all 

timberland in the Southeast. by 

broad forest type and physiographic region ............. 5 

18 . Loblolly pine. natural ........ 67 

19 . LobPolly pine. planted ........ 70 

20 . Slash pine. natural ........... 73 

3 . Percentage distribution of all 

timberland in the Southeast. by 

broad forest type and State ... 6 

21 . Slash pine. planted ........... 76 

22 . Longleaf pine ................. 79 

4 . Box plots of shortleaf and loblolly stands in the Southeast 8 23 . Pond pine . .................... 82 

Distributions of pine timberland area 

in the Southeast: 

24 . Shortleaf pine ................ 85 

25 . Virginia pine ................. 88 

5 . By broad forest type and physiographic region ................ 38 Distributions of pine stand structural characteristics. Southeast 

6 . By broad forest type and State 39 Piedmont : 

7 . By broad forest type and stand 

age ........................... 40 

26 . Loblolly pine. natural ........ 91 

27 . Loblolly pine. planted ........ 94 

8 . By broad forest type and site 

index ......................... 41 28 . Slash pine. planted ........... 97 

9 . By broad forest type and basal 

area .......................... 42 

29 . Shortleaf pine ................ 98 

30 . Virginia pine ................. 101 

Distributions of pine stand structural characteristics. entire 

Southeast: 

Distributions of pine stand structural characteristics. Southeast 

Mountains: 

10 . Loblolly pine. natural ........ 43 

31 . Loblolly pine. natural ........ 104 

11 . Loblolly pine. planted ........ 46 

32 . Shortleaf pine ................ 105 

12 . Slash pine. natural ........... 49 

33 . Virginia pine ................. 106 

13 . Slash pine. planted ........... 52 

Distributions of pine stand strue14 . Longleaf pine ................. 55 tural characteristics. Florida: 

15 . Pond pine ..................... 58 34 . Loblolly pine. natural ........ 109 

16 . Shortleaf pine ................ 61 35 . Loblolly pine. planted ....a..e 112 

17 . Virginia pine .........**...... 64 36 . Slash pine. natural ........... 115 
051 ................ aufd J~"I3JOYS "65 

L9T ..................... au~d puod '~5 

+,€T ....*a*.......... aufd BTU~%I~A '~9 

ZgT .mmaOIODI*..~@R...1,. aufd puod 059 
















Figure 13C.-Percentage of basal area per acre of non-yetlowpine species, by site index and stand age, for planted slash pine stands in the Southeast. 

(Represents 5,966,523 acres. Georgia site index data treated a. miwing values.) 








Figure 16C.-Percentage of basal arsa in non-yellow-pine species, by site index and stand age, for shortleaf pine stands in the Southeast. 

(Represents 1,941,495 acres of natural stands, and 19,981 acres of planted stands. Georgia site index data treated as missing values.) 


-w 8 $2 

.g 

t9 

.S f.9 

a f!! Q 8 

z 8 g; T5 .- T C (d 

P? '$ 

8 'g 

g3 

g -g a- - E! 

g 75 

ei 

'8 g a% a). 

3h $j 

e 8 a"" 

t Cu Cj Y 

!= 5 Qli Q, 5 z 

zg 








a c - .- a8 

= '2 I s a) 

3 .s 2 .3 c E 

3 2 *- $3 2% 

5 a 

sj 0 

"0 +I 

5 V 

V E w 

.s .2! 

V) $ .e 

sf 

6"" 

.- 

0 4 

g 2 

s 

-E. 3 8 !$ -. *- a*) $3 

0 

c 8 

.G 2 

2 3 2 au 

G ljj a (d 

Q Q, $-= 5 i3 CJ) 3 a 0 5