ncidence and iimpae 

Damage fa vi.gis?;aYs 

Timber, 1986 
.. . LSD.+ p~~~c; d;y> np; Fern.;', ajhc;g;y;n~_al:cp. pe<hi!\< i>I' . . .. . 51;12K riP2{jGi"-$ %zs-1 .,:! *'"C??" .,-. dl. Cf rC:EQ!On. 'A>\. l?P~-\:%,!? - - - Yb" ,-=- 

% * -- %no neiie:=l; " a;. she hCL5 tee? 4;r~~~::";~:~:~ ;aa;ni; - :- 

a:: .--. t 'Q" i.-rr]<i:ed i:.; 5b:>did vv+tc ~~.~x&~&~~!l, -.-- . 

Yhp qr ---, .>b . ~ 

-,-kt .>; 24.gpcx;;gy* y%dd>*lng:ap"* 5 c. :9?y. 
incidence and lmpact of Damage to 

Virginia's Timber, 1986 

and 


Sampl ing Procedure 
2 -- .; . : 03 skgqqptms Las-tj t, i!ge*;tj fy +I-- ,,:tic-:~s;;l or' ,?a:~.iaqe ts \ j ;? .is P:*,~%s -.- 

ii 6 

. , , . the sdr';p;el C~J~S at-2 !;sts;i: <. "7efi.jG3pt -:"'h- . ~ 

; ,<? ply- ,_. -a?+ _,iye 3' "G>$I';cE 29" 

,y-~'~;pe g-jd ~2: ~SS,~C'~LZ~ i-Gf- idr -,I ?3Ch 

,\j?mage -; -ss kqerp cet;rcjn;,j f 3r 23rp 

- "-r" .- EL Note :k,3t tb:ei? data 3,: not . . T~D ~y t,ztai ty?e Issc. t2fily a art ~5 

t--,z liqe l.;qs --- rji;e t3 pi 11 ,&2ujz f-dj ; A Ib -, CJ~S~ j'y f3r sotne ci;ipwercj 31 US?, ~12~:: 

2s fjyppcc33d, Ti:? $3:~";;3 19~~ ~JSS "-mu- i-tr iLf 

. x i:-j?ed 5;~ jfia t"-j U;?e of 1~3 / 1 

.a-,lrjdt?d -SiZL ~itr; ~3~~2 jce.::, - 5:; 

s JeC7?9 

" fl(?"t3l it.,. CU1.j '1st C? jLtrj3- 

;t?d t:) iaiflagi.5 jq2:;ts becaLlse it &as 

,>"teq ; ----7%" 

d . Err;p~blt #.: ~9 Geterrnine the caiize , -,z L :!-, mant.) ~3sc-s~ 3 t.i;ji?d 
PaS'e 3 sp-~,.~.s ia:-.al;? jxjdenc? aqd 

~aii.jme 1,;s~ 3.12 to cd\i tnr n$;-&-do.>ds, 

>_\; - SpLL ri3r-~< s L- - Of 2: 1 Cq~ t.1:~ qP!?> c 35 

jam$ae faijfld arl +at-dydoojs, bbasai cefect , , ., 7 - . . - - .,sa 1'~"eib3i53~73-14 ~131 ~l?;? i355 , - zue tc cull and q:;al jtu :ass. 9;s~l A-TCI,- i"l'-,LL - ~frfet--1s tge ust?i;:e jaju~~e jr; "I.;- i. it 

tree b3ca~ise ~!-~er~ is p32j :! SS~E SY~? 

.; -4 i.-cC ssocjjteb t< :q i", al;g th7~ I 

~ - ~ffp-ts i - ~QS First anrg a:-gest jog of j-h,? 

"z?<1] rJ^f2^* .z - - tree. nu.. , ,,L '5 3sJa: i'~' 2~~~2c:- f -.A - T ,- -L -,. L~ tq qjre 21- 26s-l i;-1G;r79a .J < 

p3j3:- ?dr2k+:3d ~172~ j 2s Fr3p a<\ c.*-,------ ,~.jirt IO!C 

p?jnt 3f xv~iei*J, red o&k, vi?3j te ~'k, 

d3-J ye;j,3+~-333>~-= Aj+:-p. ...ii,,rgh th;; ~.?r-- 

#-: . ~e.ctaa2 incldspce .f k;~~537 ,:ef-<:~, 5; 




- .. - >10rt3115bj.--i~e i3+:'~/:,3ilt&bj~ ro{uqe ~ -- jrl trctndt nclvp died frcn qat.jra] ~ % - 

p~ 

Co~!~~r-~?~~ si;.~lcs.--ir-ee saezjes c.;a5es s~r-r?q , . asp=c"""ec seri,-ii , vri a 

#- .- , - ;,;,n._..t~o.i&] \ y f"qa"d2,j ds 3eI;)s to 

se~el~p irlt~ r.r-e?s sd:tabl; far' ti?? i.;arl- . " 7- !ljtJ;?~~r~!p~~'~] j 1 SF)~(-"S - - """-i" 

-- -. n ,- L 

~~fact,re of ;~~dust~i~~ ti:xoer, ?roz~~cti. ss+zci?s cf tv2icc\ ry smd7 size, p~~r- . ~ 

. % S~e-jes th6-i typyj 1 ilj exnjbit c-- .*. 

ai~~ a 1 1 f3r~1~ 3r ~nlsr;gr C~J~F that fioriqa; i - . -17,, i LC, I-i ,.u~l- f-~r:p 31- rilferii)i:' d~3 [ -1 ty ,?ye 43 net 4eyekP i;r;t; "-,-.- :I t-;S Siii f 3,b r 2 forexc j ~~cjpd - - - "7ds~tr-I a pd~:>b ?r~g:jct~. 



: ~LC- e-- -I ,>ttrn 

Ssf~ 1i1351e 

S,+ecr#;r 

"JY~~O & bLscjg;:r 

;tp,e: y*eL >&kS 

'-L-sw-,Jsla: . - 

2 .: 7 ,. :. -..--. \*3: Zc ZskS 

7. cnijry 

?e!Fc\: :e,z .--,. 

2 = C 5 ,-, 

,A s h 

, , r~a?k ck?rrv 

kcrd r&p:e 

-, - T!1 

7-"-, 

.,..l~? vhirc ;aks 

cay S nag-a! :a 

Black ws;n:r 

1: - .. ~, c > s .*- 0 0 3 

i'vsa~?3-~ 

r,.+- --.. --.Lu, %'oa? 

L-b' -- 4 2ine 

.. . . . :l:g:!~: 3 prne 

(-ceJ:s 

EdS:FT7 t+ki:F pi7.r 

S3or: 1 esf >ice 

I- - *~ 'r- .El FtS:E'> 

i'CI-.,-i- _I_.>._: 

. . ~'lrc. p~ns 

---> :du.e b:3cn+j:n p:n53ic:y-ress 

?rnJ pine 




:;ard~,-~-d ~ariiri:~ 

Roo: Ti-::; 

,,:t>er a! <,-.*s:s 

-b, , ". , B.. L. 

!:a. i.*onci L,,-.-i.-.-: 

I\L?< r .p<-::. 

.~ - c:,F'. c 

!'i-c,rr 

I +IC'. - - - . - 

- -- 

t: it' 
U~TC~*:C?~ Cankeys 

. . 2tFcr Lllsr-.- - .c;dLb 

2raflct: ssrchs 

45SaI *sfi,--s 

1;~eilec;i 

S<~;sress:o? & 

sca;za:lzn 

par?. 

-. . ,-:r2 

&ea:her 

!-!irlwc2d i~rt:s 

D,, GLl"le -- 

Logging 




:astern gel: n::t 

. . ..:t'Je!ief 

Fc~zt 7-c'~~ 

r.-; -,LC: ?lseaces 

;> - - .dsal triecrs 

l'irhacd 

Sl;>?eSS;3T & 

- & .. s -egLCl i ::- 

T2rFire 

. . i-g1:"ln,7 

beatjer 

3ea~~cr 

*. C-lkzr irrlnia-;~ 

Sapsscker 

5ark bee-l~c -%> 

CItkt>r ~niecra 

?espl e 

-0gg;ng 
71 -:;IT ?:\;E (>~,?C:,+,S,*,<: <,<,?-2i;t :5-0 trees 


c,~"~ w .;,-ess 

,- . - t;a:s 

Sk:artlrrP pint 

a prze 

.....%, pine 

-r-plol-J- ,~:-- A>. -. L,. 

F : ' .i. lLb." p:r.e 

2e3a:s 

;able Ic:~n:&in 

3.9'2 

?gr; ;I?c 
2,::'. 

8, SC' ' 

-7,651 

- .> .- , /\ 

ill 

J 

: ;I4- -*- 

1 5 ,2 

;; - - .- -? -. ~~ 

L , '2 

& .<i~ 

e 

1 ~.-2;' 

, 

,? 2 L, ,<>. 

5 5 3 

1, "4" 

'1-3 

-, 3 , . 

, ,. ;. . , 

9 

'> 

- - 

7 - 

j*:c 

. ,- ,- a I-, 

2' ;if, , -