# Patent

## Title
Inbred corn line GH05-60231

## Abstract

Broadly this invention provides an invention which is an inbred corn line GH05-60231. The methods for producing a corn plant by crossing the inbred line GH05-60231 are also encompassed by the invention. Additionally, the invention relates to the various parts of inbred GH05-60231 including culturable cells. This invention relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line GH05-60231 with at least one other corn line.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically relating to an inbred corn line designated GH05-60231. This invention also is in the field of hybrid maize production employing the present inbred.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The original maize plant was indigenous to the Western Hemisphere. The plants were weedlike and only through the efforts of early breeders were cultivated crop species developed. The crop cultivated by early breeders, like the crop today, could be wind pollinated. The physical traits of maize are such that wind pollination results in self-pollination or cross-pollination between plants. Each plant has a separate male and female flower that contributes to pollination, the tassel and ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs when wind transfers pollen from tassel to the silks on the corn ears. This type of pollination has contributed to the wide variation of maize varieties present in the Western Hemisphere.
The development of a planned breeding program for maize only occurred in the last century. A large part of the development of the maize product into a profitable agricultural crop was due to the work done by land grant colleges. Originally, maize was an open pollinated variety having heterogeneous genotypes. The maize farmer selected uniform ears from the yield of these genotypes and preserved them for planting the next season. The result was a field of maize plants that were segregating for a variety of traits. This type of maize selection led to, at most, incremental increases in seed yield.
Large increases in seed yield were due to the work done by land grant colleges that resulted in the development of numerous hybrid corn varieties in planned breeding programs. Hybrids were developed by selecting corn lines and selfing these lines for several generations to develop homozygous pure inbred lines. One selected inbred line was crossed with another selected inbred line to produce hybrid progeny (F1). The resulting hybrids, due to heterosis, are robust and vigorous plants. Inbreds on the other hand are mostly homozygous. This homozygosity renders the inbred lines less vigorous. Inbred seed can be difficult to produce since the inbreeding process in corn lines decreases the vigor. However, when two inbred lines are crossed, the hybrid plant evidences greatly increased vigor and seed yield compared to open pollinated, segregating maize plants. An important consequence of the homozygosity and the homogenity of the inbred maize lines is that all hybrid seed produced from any cross of two such elite lines will be the same hybrid seed and make the same hybrid plant. Thus the use of inbreds makes hybrid seed which can be reproduced readily. The hybrid plant in contrast does not produce hybrid seed that is readily reproducible. The seed on a hybrid plant is segregating for traits.
The ultimate objective of the commercial maize seed companies is to produce high yielding, agronomically sound plants that perform well in certain regions or areas of the Corn Belt. To produce these types of hybrids, the companies must develop inbreds, which carry needed traits into the hybrid combination. Hybrids are not often uniformly adapted for the entire Corn Belt, but most often are specifically adapted for regions of the Corn Belt. Northern regions of the Corn Belt require shorter season hybrids than do southern regions of the Corn Belt. Hybrids that grow well in Colorado and Nebraska soils may not flourish in richer Illinois and Iowa soil. Thus, a variety of major agronomic traits are important in hybrid combination for the various Corn Belt regions, and have an impact on hybrid performance.
Inbred line development and hybrid testing have been emphasized in the past half-century in commercial maize production as a means to increase hybrid performance. Inbred development is usually done by pedigree selection. Pedigree selection can be selection in an F2 population produced from a planned cross of two genotypes (often elite inbred lines), or selection of progeny of synthetic varieties, open pollinated, composite, or backcrossed populations. This type of selection is effective for highly inheritable traits, but other traits, for example, yield requires replicated test crosses at a variety of stages for accurate selection.
Maize breeders select for a variety of traits in inbreds that impact hybrid performance along with selecting for acceptable parental traits. Such traits include: yield potential in hybrid combination; dry down; maturity; grain moisture at harvest; greensnap; resistance to root lodging; resistance to stalk lodging; grain quality; disease and insect resistance; ear and plant height. Additionally, Hybrid performance will differ in different soil types such as low levels of organic matter, clay, sand, black, high pH, low pH; or in different environments such as wet environments, drought environments, and no tillage conditions. These traits appear to be governed by a complex genetic system that makes selection and breeding of an inbred line extremely difficult. Even if an inbred in hybrid combination has excellent yield (a desired characteristic), it may not be useful because it fails to have acceptable parental traits such as seed yield, seed size, pollen production, good silks, plant height, etc.
To illustrate the difficulty of breeding and developing inbred lines, the following example is given. Two inbreds compared for similarity of 29 traits differed significantly for 18 traits between the two lines. If 18 simply inherited single gene traits were polymorphic with gene frequencies of 0.5 in the parental lines, and assuming independent segregation (as would essentially be the case if each trait resided on a different chromosome arm), then the specific combination of these traits as embodied in an inbred would only be expected to become fixed at a rate of one in 262,144 possible homozygous genetic combinations. Selection of the specific inbred combination is also influenced by the specific selection environment on many of these 18 traits which makes the probability of obtaining this one inbred even more remote. In addition, most traits in the corn genome are regrettably not single dominant genes but are multi-genetic with additive gene action not dominant gene action. Thus, the general procedure of producing a non segregating F1 generation and self pollinating to produce a F2 generation that segregates for traits and selecting progeny with the visual traits desired does not easily lead to a useful inbred. Great care and breeder expertise must be used in selection of breeding material to continue to increase yield and the agronomics of inbreds and resultant commercial hybrids.
Certain regions of the Corn Belt have specific difficulties that other regions may not have. Thus the hybrids developed from the inbreds have to have traits that overcome or at least minimize these regional growing problems. Examples of these problems include in the eastern corn belt Gray Leaf Spot, in the north cool temperatures during seedling emergence, in the Nebraska region CLN (corn Lethal necrosis and in the west soil that has excessively high pH levels. The industry often targets inbreds that address these issues specifically forming niche products. However, the aim of most large seed producers is to provide a number of traits to each inbred so that the corresponding hybrid can useful in a broader regions of the Corn Belt. The new biotechnology techniques such as Microsatellites, RFLPs, RAPDs and the like have provided breeders with additional tools to accomplish these goals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an inbred corn line GH05-60231. Specifically, this invention relates to plants and seeds of this line. Additionally, this relates to a method of producing from this inbred, hybrid seed corn and hybrid plants with seeds from such hybrid seed. More particularly, this invention relates to the unique combination of traits that combine in corn line GH05-60231.
Generally then, broadly the present invention includes an inbred corn seed designated GH05-60231. This seed produces a corn plant.
The invention also includes the tissue culture of regenerable cells of GH05-60231 wherein the cells of the tissue culture regenerates plants capable of expressing the genotype of GH05-60231. The tissue culture is selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, guard cells, ovule, seeds, anthers, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks and stalks, cells and protoplasts thereof. The corn plant regenerated from GH05-60231 or any part thereof is included in the present invention. The present invention includes regenerated corn plants that are capable of expressing GH05-60231's genotype, phenotype or mutants or variants thereof.
The invention extends to hybrid seed produced by planting, in pollinating proximity which includes using preserved maize pollen as explained in U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,838 to Greaves, seeds of corn inbred lines GH05-60231 and another inbred line if preserved pollen is not used; cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting; preventing pollen production by the plants of one of the inbred lines if two are employed; allowing cross pollination to occur between said inbred lines; and harvesting seeds produced on plants of the selected inbred. The hybrid seed produced by hybrid combination of plants of inbred corn seed designated GH05-60231 and plants of another inbred line are apart of the present invention. This inventions scope covers hybrid plants and the plant parts including the grain and pollen grown from this hybrid seed.
The invention further includes a method of hybrid F1 production. A first generation (F1) hybrid corn plant produced by the process of planting seeds of corn inbred line GH05-60231; cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting; permitting pollen from another inbred line to cross pollinate inbred line GH05-60231; harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred; and growing a harvested seed are part of the method of this invention.
Likewise included is a first generation (F1) hybrid corn plant produced by the process of planting seeds of corn inbred line GH05-60231; cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting; permitting pollen from inbred line GH05-60231 to cross pollinate another inbred line; harvesting seeds produced on plants of the inbred; and growing a plant from such a harvested seed.
The inbred corn line GH05-60231 and at least one transgenic gene adapted to give GH05-60231 additional and/or altered phenotypic traits are within the scope of the invention. Such transgenes are usually associated with regulatory elements (promoters, enhancers, terminators and the like). Presently, trangenes provide the invention with traits such as insect resistance, herbicide resistance, disease resistance increased or deceased starch or sugars or oils, increased or decreased life cycle or other altered trait.
The present invention includes inbred corn line GH05-60231 and at least one transgenic gene adapted to give GH05-60231 modified starch traits. Furthermore this invention includes the inbred corn line GH05-60231 and at least one mutant gene adapted to give modified starch, acid or oil traits. The present invention includes the inbred corn line GH05-60231 and at least one transgenic gene selected from the group consisting of: bacillus thuringiensis, the bar or pat gene encoding Phosphinothricin acetyl Transferase, Gdha gene, EPSP synthase gene, low phytic acid producing gene, and zein. The inbred corn line GH05-60231 and at least one transgenic gene useful as a selectable marker or a screenable marker are covered by the present invention.
A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of hybrid plants produced with use of GH05-60231 genetic material is covered by this invention. A tissue culture of the regenerable cells of the corn plant produced by the method described above are also included.
DEFINITIONS
In the description and examples, which follow, a number of terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specifications and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided.
BL MOIST
The moisture percentage of the grain at black layer, i.e., when 50% of the plants per plot have reached physiological maturity.
COLD GERM
Cold Germ is a measurement of seed germination under cold soil conditions. Data is reported as percent of seed germinating.
COLOR TRAITS
Anther color is yellow; if any other color is shown it is recorded as Other. Kernel crown color is white, yellow, orange; if any other color is shown then the color is indicated as Other. Glume ring color is listed as Red/Purple; if any other color is shown or if the ring color is inconsistent then Other/Absent is recorded. Brace Root Color is listed as Green, Reddish, Purplish; if any other color is shown or if the color is inconsistent then Other is recorded.

ECB

European corn borer is a maize eating insect. ECBI is the first brood generation of European corn borers. ECB II is the second generation of European corn borers. ECBI is a rating of leaf damage. The ECB II (ECB2) rating is based upon tunneling. For all Entomology ratings, the higher number is best (1=little or no resistance, 9=highly resistant). The scale is slightly different for Ear Rating, which is taken on a 1-4 basis. This is a rating of corn borer feeding on the ear. A 1 represents feeding over the entire ear, while a 4 represents no observable feeding on the ear.
EMERGE (EMG)
The number of emerged plants per plot (planted at the same seedling rate) collected when plants have two fully developed leaves.
GI
This is a selection index that provides a single quantitative measure of the worth of a hybrid based on four traits. FI is a very similar index which weights yield less than GI. In GI yield is the primary trait contributing to index values. The GI value is calculated by combining stalk lodging, root lodging, yield and dropped ears according to the attached mathematical formula:

GI=100+0.5(YLD)−0.9(%STALK LODGE)−0.9(%ROOT LODGE)−2.7(%DROPPED EAR)

GLS

Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora Zeae) disease rating. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible, and a “9” being very resistant.*
GW
Gross' Wilt (Corynebacterium nebraskense). This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible, and a “9” being very resistant.*
HEATP10
The number of Growing Degree Units (GDU's) or heat units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 10 percent of the plants shedding pollen. This trait is measured from the time of planting. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method where the GDU's for a 24 hour period are:




  GDU
  =
  
    
      
        (
        
          
            Max
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              Temp
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  °
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  F
                
                )
              
            
          
          +
          
            Min
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              Temp
              ⁡
              
                (
                
                  °
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  F
                
                )
              
            
          
        
        )
      
      2
    
    -
    50
  




The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDU's to reach various stages of plant development.

HEATBL

The number of GDU's after planting when approximately 50 percent of the inbred or hybrid plants in a plot have grain that has reached physiological maturity (black layer).
HEATPEEK
The number of GDU's after planting of an inbred when approximately 50 percent of the plants show visible tassel extension.
HEATP50 or HTP50
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATP90
The number of GDU's accumulated from planting when the last 100 percent of plants in an inbred or hybrid are still shedding enough viable pollen for pollination to occur. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATS10
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 10 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATS50 or HTS50
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
HEATS90
The number of GDU's required for an inbred or hybrid to have approximately 90 percent of the plants with silk emergence of at least 0.5 inches. Growing Degree Units are calculated by the Barger Method as shown in the HEATP10 definition.
MDMVA 
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus strain A. The corn is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible, and a “9” being very resistant.*
MDMVB 
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus strain B. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible and a “9” being very resistant.*
MOISTURE
The average percentage grain moisture of an inbred or hybrid at harvest time.
NLB
Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) disease rating. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible, and a “9” being very resistant.*
PCT TILLER or TILLER RATING
The total number of tillers per plot divided by the total number of plants per plot.
PLANT
This term includes the entire plant and its plant cells, plant protoplasts made from its cells, plant cell tissue cultures from which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like, and this term also includes any mutated gene, transgenic DNA or (RNA) or portion thereof that have been introduced into the plant by whatever method.
PLANT HEIGHT (PLTHT) (PHT)
The distance in centimeters from ground level to the base of the tassel peduncle.
PLANT INTEGRITY (PLTINT) or (INT)
The level of plant integrity on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are low plant integrity, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate plant integrity, and 6-9 ratings are strongly evidencing plant integrity.
POPULATION (POP)
The plant population.
RM
Predicted relative maturity based on the moisture percentage of the grain at harvest. This rating is based on known set of checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is referred to as the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System.
SHED
The volume of pollen shed by the male flower rated on a 1-5 scale where a “1” is a very light pollen shedder, a “2.5” is a moderate shedder, and a “5” is a very heavy shedder.
SLB Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis) disease rating. This is rated on a 1-9 scale with a “1” being very susceptible, and a “9” being very resistant.*
STAYGREEN (SGN)
The level of staygreen of the plant on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are low staygreen, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate staygreen, and 6-9 ratings are strongly evidencing staygreen.
TWT
The measure of the weight of grain in pounds for a one bushel volume adjusted for percent grain moisture.
VIGOR (VIG)
Visual rating of 1 to 9 made 2-3 weeks post-emergence where a “1” indicates very poor early plant development, and a “9” indicates superior plant development.
WARM GERM
A measurement of seed germination under ideal (warm, moist) conditions. Data is reported as percent of seeds germinating.
YIELD (YLD)
Actual yield of grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. Measurements are reported in bushels per acre.
% DROPPED EARS (DE)
The number of plants per plot, which dropped their primary ear, divided by the total number of plants per plot.
% ROOT LODGE (RL)
Percentage of plants per plot leaning more that 30 degrees from vertical divided by total plants per plot.
% STALK LODGE (SL)
Percentage of plants per plot with the stalk broken below the primary ear node divided by the total plants per plot.
% CULL
Percentage of seed that passes through a 16/64 inch screen or will not pass through a 25/64 inch screen. *Resistant—on a scale of 1-9 with 9 evidencing the trait most strongly: 1-2.9 ratings are susceptible, 3-5.9 ratings are intermediate, and 6-9 ratings are resistant.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
GH05-60231 has outstanding vigor for an inbred. The inbred tolerates heat well. This inbred fills its ear even in high heat summers. GH05-60231 shows acceptable germination and does better when the early season conditions are not extremely wet. The inbred carries some disease tolerance.
The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows.
The inbred has been self-pollinated for a sufficient number of generations to give inbred uniformity. During plant selection in each generation, the uniformity of plant type was selected to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The line has been increased in isolated farmland environments with data on uniformity and agronomic traits being observed to assure uniformity and stability. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in GH05-60231.
The best method of producing the invention, GH05-60231 which is substantially homozygous, is by planting the seed of GH05-60231 which is substantially homozygous and self-pollinating or sib pollinating the resultant plant in an isolated environment, and harvesting the resultant seed.







TABLE 1





GH05-60231


VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
















#1
Type: Dent


#2
Region where developed in the U.S.A.



Northcentral











#3
Maturity
Days
Heat Units





71
1187.0
from emergence to 50% of plants in silk




72
1203.5
from emergence to 50% plants in pollen




 2
0033.0
from 10% to 90% pollen shed









#4
Plant Traits




Plant height
264.7 cm



Ear height
110.5 cm



Length of top ear internode
15.1 cm



Average no. of ears per stalk
1.4



Anthocyanin of brace roots
Moderate


#5
Leaf Traits



Width of ear node leaf
9.4 cm



Length of ear node leaf
81.8 cm



No. of leaves above tope ear
6



Degrees of leaf angle
19



Leaf color
Dark green



Leaf sheath pubescence
7*



Marginal waves
5**



Longitudinal creases
6**


#6
Tassel Traits



No. of primary lateral branches
6



Branch angle from central spike
30



Tassel length
37.9 cm



Pollen shed
6***



Anther Color
Salmon



Glume Ring Color
Medium green



Bar glumes
absent


#7a
Ear (unhusked) Traits



Silk Color
Pale purple



Fresh husk color
Medium green



Dry husk color
Buff



Position of ear at dry husk stage
Upright



Husk tightness
5****



Husk extension
Medium


#7b
Ear (husked) Traits



Ear length
16.2 cm



Ear diameter at mi
44.8 mm



Ear weight
161.6 gm



No. of kernel rows
18



Kernel rows
Distinct



Row alignment
Straight



Shank length
6.3 cm



Ear taper
Average


#8
Kernel (dried)



Kernel length
11.6 mm



Kernel width
7.1 mm



Kernel thickness
4.5 mm



% round kernels
21.1



Aleurone color pattern
Homozygous



Aleruone color pattern
Colorless



Hard endosperm color
Yellow



Endosperm type
normal starch



Weight per 100 kernels
27.2 gm


#9
Cob



Diameter at mid-point
25.9 mm



Cob color
White





*scale from 1 = none to 9 = like peach fuzz


**scale from 1-none to 9-many


***scale from 0 = male sterile to 9 = heavy shed


****scale from 1 = very loose to 9 = very tight






The comparable inbred to GH05-60231 is W60028.
The data provided above is often a color. The Munsell code is a reference book of color, which is known and used in the industry and by persons with ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding.
Inbred and Hybrid Performance of GH05-60231
The traits and characteristics of inbred corn line GH05-60231 are listed to compare with other inbreds and/or in hybrid combinations. The GH05-60231 data shows the characteristics and traits of importance, giving a snapshot of GH05-60231 in these specific environments.







TABLE 2A





PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA







The following traits are highly significant at the 1% level (Student's t-Test procedure)


for each location analysis as well as the combined location analysis:


t-test statistics, (Most closely resembles).












GH05-60231
W60028
Mean


















Trait
Loc
N
Mean
SD1
N
Mean
SD2
Diff
t-Value
Prob





Shank Length
1
15
6.3
0.5
15
8.2
0.7
−1.9
−8.26
0.0000


Shank Length
2
15
6.3
0.9
15
8.6
1.4
−2.3
−5.38
0.0000


Shank Length
Avg
30
6.3
0.7
30
8.4
1.1
−2.1
−8.71
0.0000


Kernel Length
1
15
11.8
0.4
15
12.4
0.6
−0.6
−3.26
0.0029


Kernel Length
2
15
11.3
0.4
15
11.8
0.5
−0.5
−2.95
0.0063


Kernel Length
Avg
30
11.6
0.5
30
12.1
0.6
−0.5
−3.89
0.0003


Kernel Thickness
1
15
4.6
0.2
15
4.1
0.2
0.4
5.30
0.0000


Kernel Thickness
2
15
4.4
0.2
15
4.2
0.2
0.2
3.04
0.0051


Kernel Thickness
Avg
30
4.5
0.2
30
4.2
0.2
0.3
5.87
0.0000










GH05-60231 most closely resembles W60028


The following color traits are uniquely different from the check:










GH05-60231
W60028













Trait
Number Value
Color
Munsell Code
Number Value
Color
Munsell Code





Anther Color
9
Salmon
10R6/8
22
Tan
10R7/4










The following traits were observed to be different between the inbred and the standard check:










H60231
W60028












Number

Number



Trait
Value
Description
Value
Description





Leaf Marginal Waves
5
1 = none to 9 = many
8
1 = none to 9 = many


Leaf Longitudinal Creases
6
1 = none to 9 = many
4
1 = none to 9 = many


Ear Taper
2
Average
1
Slight









Table 2b shows a comparison between GH05-60231 and a comparable inbred JCR503. GH05-60231 has significantly short tassel length, smaller ear diameter, and cob diameter.








TABLE 2A





PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA







The following traits are highly significant at the 1% level (Student's t-Test procedure):















Tassel
Ear
Ear
Shank
Kernel
% round
Cob


Inbreds
length
length
diameter
length
width
kernels
diameter





GH05-
37.9
16.2
44.8
6.3
7.1
21.1
25.9


60231


JCR503
43.8
14.7
48.1
9.1
7.9
32.8
28.9


# Expts
30
30
30
30
30
30
30


Mean Diff
−5.9
1.6
−3.3
−2.8
−0.9
−11.7
−3.0


Prob
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000










The following traits were observed to be different between the inbred and the check:










Inbreds
Brace root anthocyanin
Leaf Longitudinal creases
Ear taper





GH05-
moderate
6*
average


60231


JCR503
faint
2*
slight
















TABLE 3







PAIRED HYBRID COMPARISON DATA




















Yield


Stalk
Root
Drop
Green


Test


Hybrid
Year
Reps
Yield
MST
Ldg
Ldg
Ears
Snap
PHT
EHT
Weight





















GH05-60231/
2004
37
203.9
23.4
3.8
6.2
0.5
0.5
117
49
54.2


Hybrid 1 BT


P31N28/
2004
37
207.1
23.8
4.9
3.0
0.3
1.7
116
48
55.3


PIONEER


P33P67/
2004
37
204.3
21.0
808
3.7
0.0
0.5
117
50
56.5


PIONEER


GH05-
2004
8
194.7
25.7
3.1
1.0

3.5


56.1


60231/hybrid 2


P33R77/
2004
8
191.2
22.5
10.7
0.0

9.5


56.6


PIONEER


GH05-
2004
9
178.9
22.8
2.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
102
44
53.1


60231/hybrid 3


P35Y54/
2004
9
213.6
20.7
1.1
3.8
0.0
0.0
99
44
52.8


PIONEER









Table 3 shows the inbred GH05-60231 in 3 hybrid combinations in comparison with commercial hybrids. When in this hybrid combination of hybrid 1 the commercial line shows better yield but more moisture. In the second comparision with 8 repetitions the hybrid 2 made with the inbred of the present invention shows better yield though higher moisture. In the third comparison the commercial line has better yield and moisture.
This invention also is directed to methods for producing a corn plant by crossing a first parent corn plant with a second parent corn plant wherein the first or second parent corn plant is an inbred corn plant from the line GH05-60231. Further, both first and second parent corn plants can come from the inbred corn line GH05-60231 which produces a self of the inbred invention. The present invention can be employed in a variety of breeding methods which can be selected depending on the mode of reproduction, the trait, and the condition of the germplasm. Thus, any breeding methods using the inbred corn line GH05-60231 are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, haploid by such old and known methods of using stock material that induces haploids and anther culturing and the like.
All plants and plant cells produced using inbred corn line GH05-60231 are within the scope of this invention. The invention encompasses the inbred corn line used in crosses with other, different, corn inbreds to produce (Fl) corn hybrid seeds and hybrid plants and the grain produced on the hybrid plant. This invention includes plant and plant cells, which upon growth and differentiation produce corn plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics of the inbred line GH05-60231.
Additionally, this maize can, within the scope of the invention, contain: a mutant gene such as, but not limited to, the sugary 1 or shrunken 1 or waxy or AE or imazethapyr tolerant (IT or IRTM) mutant gene; or transgenic genes such as but not limited to insect resistant genes such as Corn Rootworm gene, Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry genes), or herbicide resistant genes such as Pat gene or Bar gene, EPSP, or disease resistant genes such as the Mosaic virus resistant gene, etc., or trait altering genes such as flowering genes, oil modifying genes, senescence genes and the like. The methods and techniques for inserting, or producing and/or identifying a mutation or a transgene into the present invention through breeding, transformation, or mutating are well known and understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Various techniques for breeding and moving or altering genetic material within or into the present invention (whether it is an inbred or in hybrid combination) are also known to those skilled in the art. These techniques to list only a few are anther culturing, haploid production, (stock six is a method that has been in use for thirty years and is well known to those with skill in the art), transformation, irradiation to produce mutations, chemical or biological mutation agents and a host of other methods are within the scope of the invention. All parts of the GH05-60231 plant including its plant cells produced using the inbred corn line are within the scope of this invention. The term transgenic plant refers to plants having genetic sequences, which are introduced into the genome of a plant by a transformation method and the progeny thereof. Transformation methods are means for integrating new genetic coding sequences into the plant's genome by the incorporation of these sequences into a plant through man's assistance, but not by breeding practices. The transgene once introduced into plant material and integrated stably can be moved into other germplasm by standard breeding practices.
Though there are a large number of known methods to transform plants, certain types of plants are more amenable to transformation than are others. Transformation of dicots is usually achievable for example, tobacco is a readily transformable plant. Monocots can present some transformation challenges, however, the basic steps of transforming plants monocots have been known in the art for about 15 years. The most common method of maize transformation is referred to as gunning or microprojectile bombardment though other methods can be used. The process employs small gold-coated particles coated with DNA which are shot into the transformable material. Detailed techniques for gunning DNA into cells, tissue, callus, embryos, and the like are well known in the prior art. One example of steps that can be involved in monocot transformation are concisely outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,956 “Fertile Transgenic Zea mays Plants Comprising Heterologous DNA Encoding Bacillus Thuringiensis Endotoxin” issued Jan. 16, 1996 and also in U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,520 “Process of Producing Fertile Zea mays Plants and Progeny Comprising a Gene Encoding Phosphinothricin Acetyl Transferase” issued Feb. 6, 1996.
Plant cells such as maize can be transformed not only by the use of a gunning device but also by a number of different techniques. Some of these techniques include maize pollen transformation (See University of Toledo 1993 U.S. Pat. No. 5,177,010); Whiskers technology (See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,464,765 and 5,302,523); electroporation; PEG on Maize; Agrobacterium (See 1996 article on transformation of maize cells in Nature Biotechnology, Volume 14, June 1996) along with numerous other methods which may have slightly lower efficiency rates. Some of these methods require specific types of cells and other methods can be practiced on any number of cell types.
The use of pollen, cotyledons, zygotic embryos, meristems and ovum as the target issue can eliminate the need for extensive tissue culture work. Generally, cells derived from meristematic tissue are useful. The method of transformation of meristematic cells of cereal is taught in the PCT application WO96/04392. Any number of various cell lines, tissues, calli and plant parts can and have been transformed by those having knowledge in the art. Methods of preparing callus or protoplasts from various plants are well known in the art and specific methods are detailed in patents and references used by those skilled in the art. Cultures can be initiated from most of the above-identified tissue. The only true requirement of the transforming plant material is that it can form a transformed plant.
The DNA used for transformation of these plants clearly may be circular, linear, and double or single stranded. Usually, the DNA is in the form of a plasmid. The plasmid usually contains regulatory and/or targeting sequences which assists the expression of the gene in the plant. The methods of forming plasmids for transformation are known in the art. Plasmid components can include such items as: leader sequences, transit polypeptides, promoters, terminators, genes, introns, marker genes, etc. The structures of the gene orientations can be sense, antisense, partial antisense, or partial sense: multiple gene copies can be used. The transgenic gene can come from various non-plant genes (such as; bacteria, yeast, animals, and viruses) along with being from plants.
The regulatory promoters employed can be constitutive such as CaMv35S (usually for dicots) and polyubiquitin for monocots or tissue specific promoters such as CAB promoters, MR7 described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,848, etc. The prior art promoters, includes but is not limited to, octopine synthase, nopaline synthase, CaMv19S, mannopine synthase. These regulatory sequences can be combined with introns, terminators, enhancers, leader sequences and the like in the material used for transformation.
The isolated DNA is then transformed into the plant. After the transformation of the plant material is complete, the next step is identifying the cells or material, which has been transformed. In some cases, a screenable marker is employed such as the beta-glucuronidase gene of the uidA locus of E. coli. Then, the transformed cells expressing the colored protein are selected. In many cases, a selectable marker identifies the transformed material. The putatively transformed material is exposed to a toxic agent at varying concentrations. The cells not transformed with the selectable marker, which provides resistance to this toxic agent, die. Cells or tissues containing the resistant selectable marker generally proliferate. It has been noted that although selectable markers protect the cells from some of the toxic affects of the herbicide or antibiotic, the cells may still be slightly affected by the toxic agent by having slower growth rates. If the transformed material was cell lines then these lines are regenerated into plants. The cells' lines are treated to induce tissue differentiation. Methods of regeneration of cellular maize material are well known in the art.
A deposit of at least 2500 seeds of this invention will be maintained by Syngenta Seeds, Inc., 2369 330th Street, Slater, Iowa 50244. Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of this application to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by the Commissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. All restrictions on availability to the public of such material will be removed upon issuance of a granted patent of this application by depositing at least 2500 seeds of this invention at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), at 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. The date of deposit was Dec. 5, 2008. The ATCC number of the deposit is PTA-9647 and on Dec. 22, 2008 the deposit was found viable when tested. The deposit of at least 2500 seeds will be from the same inbred seed taken from the deposit maintained by Syngenta Seeds, Inc. The ATCC deposit will be maintained in that depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period.
Additional public information on some ZS designations may be available from the PVP Office, a division of the US Government.
Accordingly, the present invention has been described with some degree of particularity directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated, though, that the present invention is defined by the following claims construed in light of the prior art so that modifications or changes may be made to the preferred embodiment of the present invention without departing from the inventive concepts contained herein.

## Claims

1. A seed of corn inbred line designated GH05-60231, representative seed of said inbred line having been deposited in the ATCC under accession number PTA-9647.

2. A corn plant produced by the seed of claim 1.

3. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 2, wherein the cells of the tissue culture regenerate plants that express all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of GH05-60231.

4. The tissue culture according to claim 3, wherein the tissue culture is formed from cells of a plant part or protoplasts made from such cells, wherein said plant part is selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, roots, root tips, meristem, ovule, anthem, silk, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, husks and stalks.

5. A corn plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 3, wherein the plant has all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of a plant of inbred line GH05-60231, seed of said line having been deposited under ATCC accession number PTA-9647 .

6. A hybrid seed produced by a method comprising the following steps:
(a) planting seeds of corn inbred line GH05-60231, representative seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under accession number PTA-9647, and another inbred line, wherein one of said inbred lines are prevented from pollen production, forming an inbred line not releasing pollen;
(b) allowing pollination of the inbred line not releasing pollen to occur; and,
(c) harvesting seeds produced on the inbred line not releasing pollen.

7. A hybrid seed produced by a method comprising crossing the plant of corn inbred line designated GH05-60231 according to claim 2, with a different plant of another inbred line and harvesting the resultant F1 hybrid corn seed.

8. A hybrid plant grown from seed of claim 7.

9. A first generation (F1) hybrid corn plant produced by a method comprising the steps of:
(a) planting in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred line GH05-60231, representative seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under accession number PTA-9647, and another inbred line;
(b) cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting;
(c) preventing pollen production by plants of one of the inbred lines, forming an inbred line not releasing pollen;
(d) allowing cross-pollination to occur on said inbred line not releasing pollen;
(e) harvesting seed produced on the inbred line not releasing pollen; and
(f) growing the harvested seed.

10. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 8.

11. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim 9.

12. A method of producing a hybrid corn plant produced by using the corn plant according to claim 2, produced by seed of corn inbred line designated GH05-60231, a representative sample of seed, which has been deposited in the ATCC under accession number PTA-9647, the method comprising the following steps:
(a) planting in pollinating proximity, seeds of corn inbred line GH05-60231, and an other inbred line;
(b) cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting;
(c) preventing pollen release by the plants of one of the inbred lines, the non-pollinating inbred line;
(d) allowing cross-pollination to occur between said inbred lines;
(e) harvesting seed produced on plants of the non-pollinating inbred line; and
(f) growing a harvested seed of step (e).

13. A hybrid corn plant produced by the method of claim 12 wherein said other inbred line comprises a mutant gene selected from the group consisting of: waxy, sugary1, shrunken1, AE (amylose extender), and imazethapyr tolerant mutant genes.

14. A pollen of a corn plant produced by the seed of claim 1.

15. A corn plant that expresses all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of GH05-60231, representative seed of which has been deposited in the ATCC under accession number PTA-9647.

16. A method of introducing a transgene into a plant of corn inbred line GH05-60231, the method comprising transforming the corn plant of claim 2 with a transgene.

17. A plant produced according to the method of claim 16.

18. A seed produced from the plant of claim 17, wherein said seed comprises said transgene.

19. The seed of claim 18, wherein said seed is a hybrid.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the transgene confers herbicide resistance.

21. An herbicide resistant corn plant produced by the method of claim 20.

22. The corn plant of claim 21, wherein the transgene encodes phosphinothricin synthase or EPSPS.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein the transgene confers insect resistance.

24. An insect resistant corn plant produced by the method of claim 23.

25. The corn plant of claim 24, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.

26. The method of claim 16, wherein the transgene confers disease resistance.

27. A disease resistant corn plant produced by the method of claim 26.