# Patent

## Title
Quick change module with adjustable former attachments

## Abstract

A quick change module operable for being removably attached to and extending below a forming tube of a conventional vertical form, fill, and seal machine to produce a wide assortment of differently sized vertical stand-up pouches or gusseted flat bottom bags. The quick change module comprises at least one pair of adjustable forming plates located below the forming tube. The lateral distance between each pair of forming plates can be adjusted by shifting the position of each forming plate along a corresponding slotted bracket. A gusseting mechanism mounted to the frame of the machine can be positioned between each pair of forming plates imparting a vertical crease along the length of the bag while it is being formed and advanced down the forming tube of the machine. By adjusting the lateral separation of the forming plates, the size of the vertical crease can be adjusted such that the resulting gusseted base is increased or decreased in proportion to size of the resulting package, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the package when placed on display.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/124,788, filed on May 9, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,299,608, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/778,839, filed on Feb. 13, 2004 now abandoned, which, in turn, is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/100,370, filed on Mar. 18, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,722,106).


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a modified vertical form, fill, and seal packaging machine and method for using the same to construct a vertical stand-up pouch and a gusseted flat bottom bag, that provides for a single piece construction of a vertical stand-up bag suitable for retail snack food distribution. The invention allows for use of existing film converter and packaging technology to produce a stand-up package with minimal increased costs and minimal modifications.
2. Description of the Related Art
Vertical form, fill, and seal packaging machines are commonly used in the snack food industry for forming, filling, and sealing bags of chips and other like products. Such packaging machines take a packaging film from a sheet roll and forms the film into a vertical tube around a product delivery cylinder. The vertical tube is vertically sealed along its length to form a back seal. The machine applies a pair of heat-sealing jaws or facings against the tube to form a horizontal transverse seal. This transverse seal acts as the top seal on the bag below and the bottom seal on the package being filled and formed above. The product to be packaged, such as potato chips, is dropped through the product delivery cylinder and formed tube and is held within the tube above the bottom transverse seal. After the package has been filled, the film tube is pushed downward to draw out another package length. A transverse seal is formed above the product, thus sealing it within the film tube and forming a package of product. The package below said transverse seal is separated from the rest of the film tube by cutting horizontally across the sealed area.
The packaging film used in such process is typically a composite polymer material produced by a film converter. For example, one prior art composite film used for packaging potato chips and like products is illustrated in FIG. 1, which is a schematic of a cross-section of the film illustrating each individual substantive layer. FIG. 1 shows an inside, or product side, layer 16 which typically comprises metalized oriented polypropylene (“OPP”) or metalized polyethylene terephtalate (“PET”). This is followed by a laminate layer 14, typically a polyethylene extrusion, and an ink or graphics layer 12. The ink layer 12 is typically used for the presentation of graphics that can be viewed through a transparent outside layer 10, which layer 10 is typically OPP or PET.
The prior art film composition shown in FIG. 1 is ideally suited for use on vertical form, fill, and seal machines for the packaging of food products. The metalized inside layer 16, which is usually metalized with a thin layer of aluminum, provides excellent barrier properties. The use of OPP or PET for the outside layer 10 and the inside layer 16 further makes it possible to heat seal any surface of the film to any other surface in forming either the transverse seals or back seal of a package. Alternatively, a material can be used on the outside layer 12 that will not seal on itself, such as a paper layer or a non-sealing polymer layer, so that only the inside layer 16 is used as a sealing surface.
Typical back seals formed using the film composition shown in FIG. 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b. FIG. 2a is a schematic of a “lap seal” embodiment of a back seal being formed on a tube of film, which can be used when the outside and inside layers are sealable together. FIG. 2b illustrates a “fin seal” embodiment of a back seal being formed on a tube of film, which can be used when the outside layer is not suitable as a sealing surface.
With reference to FIG. 2a, a portion of the inside metalized layer 26 is mated with a portion of the outside layer 20 in the area indicated by the arrows to form a lap seal. The seal in this area is accomplished by applying heat and pressure to the film in such area. The lap seal design shown in FIG. 2a insures that the product to be placed inside the formed package will be protected from the ink layer by the metalized inside layer 26.
The fin seal variation shown in FIG. 2b also provides that the product to be placed in the formed package will be protected from the ink layer by the metalized inside layer 26. Again, the outside layer 20 does not contact any product. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2b, however, the inside layer 26 is folded over and then sealed on itself in the area indicated by the arrows. Again, this seal is accomplished by the application of heat and pressure to the film in the area illustrated.
Regardless of whether a lap seal or fin seal is used for constructing a standard package using a vertical form, fill, and seal packaging machine, the end result is a package as shown in FIG. 3a with horizontally oriented top and bottom transverse seals 31, 33. Such package is referred to in the art as a “vertical flex bag” or “pillow pouch,” and is commonly used for packaging snack foods such as potato chips, tortilla chips, and other various sheeted and extruded products. The back seal discussed with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b runs vertically along the bag and is typically centered on the back of the package shown in FIG. 3a, thus not visible in FIG. 3a. Because of the narrow, single edge base on the package shown in FIG. 3a formed by the bottom transverse seal 33, such prior art packages are not particularly stable when standing on one end. This shortcoming has been addressed in the packaging industry by the development of a horizontal stand-up pouch such as the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c. As can be seen by reference to said figures, such horizontal stand-up pouch has a relatively broad and flat base 47 having two contact edges. This allows for the pouch to rest on this base 47 in a vertical presentation. Manufacture of such horizontal stand-up pouches, however, does not involve the use of standard vertical form, fill, and seal machines but, rather, involves an expensive and relatively slow 3-piece construction using a pouch form, fill, and seal machine.
Referring to FIGS. 4b and 4c, the horizontal stand-up pouch of the prior art is constructed of three separate pieces of film that are mated together, namely, a front sheet 41, a rear sheet 43, and a base sheet 45. The front sheet 41 and rear sheet 43 are sealed against each other around their edges, typically by heat sealing. The base sheet 45 is, however, first secured along its outer edges to the outer edges of the bottom of the front sheet 41 and rear sheet 43, as is best illustrated in FIG. 4c. Likewise, the mating of the base sheet 45 to the front sheet 41 and the rear sheet 43 is also accomplished typically by a heat seal. The requirement that such horizontal stand-up pouch be constructed of three pieces results in a package that is significantly more expensive to construct than a standard form, fill, and seal vertical flex bag.
Further disadvantages of using horizontal stand-up pouches include the initial capital expense of the horizontal stand-up pouch machines, the additional gas flush volume required during packaging as compared to a vertical flex bag, increased down time to change the bag size, slower bag forming speed, and a decreased bag size range. For example, a Polaris model vertical form, fill, and seal machine manufactured by Klick Lock Woodman of Ga., USA, with a volume capacity of 60-100 bags per minute costs in the range of $75,000.00 per machine. A typical horizontal stand-up pouch manufacturing machine manufactured by Roberts Packaging of Battle Creek, Mich., with a bag capacity of 40-60 bags per minute typically costs $500,000.00. The film cost for a standard vertical form, fill, and seal package is approximately $0.04 per bag with a comparable horizontal stand-up pouch costing roughly twice as much. Horizontal stand-up pouches further require more than twice the oxygen or nitrogen gas flush. Changing the bag size on a horizontal stand-up pouch further takes in excess of two hours, typically, while a vertical form and fill machine bag size can be changed in a matter of minutes. Also, the typical bag size range on a horizontal stand-up pouch machine is from 4 oz. to 10 oz., while a vertical form and fill machine can typically make bags in the size range of 1 oz. to 24 oz.
One advantage of a horizontal stand-up pouch machine over a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, however, is the relatively simple additional step of adding a zipper seal at the top of the bag for reclosing of the bag. Vertical form, fill, and seal machines typically require substantial modification and/or the use of zipper seals premounted on the film oriented horizontally to the seal facings used to seal the horizontal transverse seals.
An alternative approach taken in the prior art to producing a bag with more of a stand-up presentation is the construction of a flat bottom bag such as illustrated in FIG. 3b. Such bag is constructed in a method very similar to that described above with regard to prior art pillow pouches. However, in order to form the vertical gussets 37 on either side of the bag, the vertical form, fill, and seal machine must be substantially modified by the addition of two movable devices on opposite sides of the sealing carriage that move in and out to make contact with the packaging film tube in order to form the tuck that becomes the gussets 37 shown in FIG. 3b. Specifically, when a tube is pushed down to form the next bag, two triangular shaped devices are moved horizontally towards the packaging film tube until two vertical tucks are formed on the packaging film tube above the transverse seals by virtue of contact with these moving triangular shaped devices. While the two triangular shaped devices are thus in contact with the packaging tube, the bottom transverse seal 33 is formed. The package is constructed with an outer layer 30 that is non-sealable, such as paper. This causes the formation of a V-shaped gusset 37 along each vertical edge of the package when the transverse seals 31, 33 are formed. While the triangular shaped devices are still in contact with the tube of packaging material, the product is dropped through the forming tube into the tube of packaging film that is sealed at one end by virtue of the lower transverse seal 33. The triangular shaped devices are then removed from contact with the tube of packaging film and the film is pushed down for the formation of the next package. The process is repeated such that the lower transverse seal 33 of the package above and upper transverse seal 31 of the package below are then formed. This transverse seal is then cut, thereby releasing a formed and filled package from the machine having the distinctive vertical gussets 37 shown in FIG. 3b. 
The prior art method described above forms a package with a relatively broad base due to the V-shaped vertical gussets 37. Consequently, it is commonly referred to in the art as a flat bottom bag. Such a flat bottom bag is advantageous over the previously described horizontal stand-up pouch in that it is formed on a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, albeit with major modifications. However, the prior art method of making a flat bottom bag has a number of significant drawbacks. For example, the capital expense for modifying the vertical form, fill, and seal machine to include the moving triangular-shaped devices is approximately $30,000.00 per machine. The changeover time to convert a vertical form, fill, and seal machine from a standard pillow pouch configuration to a stand-up bag configuration can be substantial, and generally in the neighborhood of one-quarter man hours. The addition of all of the moving parts required for the triangular-shaped device to move in and out of position during each package formation cycle also adds complexity to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, inevitably resulting in maintenance issues. Importantly, the vertical form, fill, and seal machine modified to include the moving triangular-shaped devices is significantly slower than a vertical form, fill, and seal machine without such devices because of these moving components that form the vertical gussets. For example, in the formation of a six inch by nine inch bag, the maximum run speed for a modified vertical form, fill, and seal machine using the triangular-shaped moving devices is in the range of 15 to 20 bags per minute. A standard vertical form, fill, and seal machine without such modification can construct a similarly sized pillow pouch at the rate of approximately 40 bags per minute.
Consequently, a need exists for an apparatus and method to form a stand-up pouch, similar in appearance and functionality to the prior art horizontal stand-up pouches and flat bottom bags, using vertical form, fill, and seal machine technology and a single sheet of packaging film. This apparatus and method should allow for reduced film cost per bag as compared to horizontal stand-up pouches, ease in size change, little capital outlay, and the ability to easily add a zipper seal to the bags, all while maintaining bag forming speeds typical of vertical form, fill, and seal machine pillow pouch production. Such method should ideally produce a vertical stand-up pouch or a flat bottom bag constructed of materials commonly used to form standard vertical flex bags.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The proposed invention involves producing a vertical stand-up pouch or gusseted flat bottom bag constructed of a single sheet of material using a slightly modified vertical form, fill, and seal machine comprising a quick change module which includes at least one pair of adjustable forming plates located below the forming tube. A gusseting mechanism mounted to the frame of the machine can be positioned between each pair of forming plates to impart a vertical crease or tuck along the length of the bag while it is being formed and advanced down the forming tube of the machine. The quick change module may further comprise a tension bar on an opposing side from the adjustable forming plates for making vertical stand-up pouches. The module easily attaches to the bottom of the forming tube, thereby making conversion back to a standard pillow bag manufacture simple and quick.
Each pair of forming plates is attached to the module by means of a corresponding pair of slotted brackets, which are connected to the module. Each pair of slotted brackets are oriented at converging angles to one another so that the lateral distance between the forming plates can be adjusted by positioning each forming plate at selected points along its respective slotted bracket. By adjusting the lateral distance between the forming plates, the size and depth of the crease or fold imparted in conjunction with the gusseting mechanism can be increased or decreased. In a preferred embodiment, each of the brackets are attached to a separate horizontal hinge, allowing the attached forming plates to fold inward when a traverse seal in formed, thereby preventing the packaging film from being ripped by the free ends of the forming plates.
In accordance with one aspect of the method of the present invention, the labeling on the packaging film used in making the vertical stand-up pouches and gusseted flat bottom bags using the present invention is oriented 90° off from the conventional orientation. Thus, the labeling graphics on the resulting package are oriented 90° from a standard presentation such that the gusset or tuck forms the bottom base of the bag. The transverse seals on the formed bag are therefore oriented vertically when the bag is placed on display.
In accordance with another aspect of the method of the present invention, the size of a resulting package can be increased by extending the advance of the tube of packaging film between forming the transverse seals. In general, the bases of larger sized bags require deeper gussets to enhance the stability characteristics of the bags. By adjusting the lateral separation of the forming plates, the size of the gusseted base can be increased or decreased in proportion to the size of the resulting package, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the package when placed on display.
A zipper seal or reclose seal can be easily added to the construction of such a vertical stand-up bag since the zipper seal can accompany the single sheet of film in a continuous strip along one edge of the film.
The methods disclosed and the pouches and bags formed as a consequence are a substantial improvement over prior art horizontal stand-up pouches and flat bottom bags. The quick change module featuring adjustable forming plates enables a single vertical form, fill and seal machine to produce a wide assortment of differently sized bags having gussets of variable depth. The methods works on existing vertical form, fill, and seal machines requiring very little modification. There are minimal moving parts and no jaw carriage modifications involved. The vertical form, fill, and seal machine can be easily converted back to a conventional pillow pouch configuration by simply disconnecting the quick change module from the bottom of the forming tube. The same metalized or clear laminations used as materials in pillow pouches can also be used with the invention therefore saving in per bag cost. The invention allows for the formation of differently sized bags that emulate a horizontal stand-up pouch using a completely different method that takes advantage of the economics of vertical form, fill, and seal machine technology.
The above as well as additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following written detailed description.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section views of prior art packaging films;
FIG. 2a is a schematic cross-section view of a tube of packaging film illustrating the formation of a prior art lap seal;
FIG. 2b is a schematic cross-section of a tube of packaging film illustrating the formation of a prior art fin seal;
FIG. 3a is a perspective view of a prior art vertical flex bag;
FIG. 3b is a perspective view of a prior art flat bottom bag;
FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c are perspective views in elevation of a prior art horizontal stand-up pouch;
FIG. 5a is a schematic cross-section of a tube of packaging film formed by the vertical stand-up pouch embodiment of the present invention methods;
FIG. 5b is a schematic cross-section of a tube of packaging film formed by the flat bottom bag embodiment of the present invention methods;
FIG. 6a is a perspective view of an embodiment of the stationary tucker mechanism, and forming plates, and tension bar in elevation of the vertical stand-up pouch embodiment of the present invention in relation to a forming tube and sealing jaws of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine;
FIG. 6b is a perspective view of an embodiment of the pivoting tucker mechanism, forming plates, and tension bar in elevation of the vertical stand-up pouch embodiment of the present invention in relation to a forming tube and sealing jaws of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine;
FIG. 6c is a perspective view an embodiment of two stationary tucker mechanisms and forming plates in elevation of the flat bottom bag embodiment of the present invention in relation to a forming tube and sealing jaws of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine;
FIG. 6d is a perspective view an embodiment of two pivoting tucker mechanisms and forming plates in elevation of the flat bottom bag embodiment of the present invention in relation to a forming tube and sealing jaws of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine;
FIGS. 7a and 7b are perspective views of the vertical stand-up pouch of the present invention;
FIG. 7c is a perspective view of an embodiment of the flat-bottom bag of the present invention, constructed of material that seals upon itself;
FIG. 7d is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the flat-bottom bag of the present invention, constructed of material that does not seal upon itself;
FIGS. 7e and 7f are perspective views of an alternative embodiment of the flat-bottom bag of the present invention, constructed of material that seals upon itself;
FIG. 7g is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the vertical stand-up pouch of the present invention, constructed of material that seals upon itself, and made using the embodiment of the present invention, which features the quick change module with adjustable former attachments;
FIG. 8a is a perspective view of an embodiment of the stationary tucker mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a perspective view of an embodiment of the pivoting tucker mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9a is a perspective view of one embodiment of the quick change module of the present invention in elevation below the bottom of a forming tube;
FIG. 9b is a sectional view of one embodiment of the quick change module attached to the bottom of a forming tube, said sectional view taken along lines 9b-9b of FIG. 9a; 
FIG. 9c is a side view in elevation of one embodiment of the quick change module of the present invention.
FIG. 10a is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the quick change module of the present invention in elevation below the bottom of a forming tube;
FIG. 10b is a sectional view the second embodiment of the quick change module attached to the bottom of a forming tube, said sectional view taken along lines 10b-10b of FIG. 10a; 
FIG. 10c is another perspective view of the second embodiment of the quick change module of the present invention in elevation below the bottom of a forming tube;
FIG. 10d is a side view in elevation of the second embodiment of the quick change module of the present invention.
FIG. 11a is a perspective view of an embodiment of the pivoting tucker mechanism in a first position engaging the tube of packaging film formed about the forming tube of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine while the sealing jaws are in an open position; and
FIG. 11b is a perspective view of an embodiment of the pivoting tucker mechanism in a second position engaging the tube of packaging film formed about the forming tube of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine while the sealing jaws are in a closed position.



Where used in the various figures of the drawing, the same numerals designate the same or similar parts. Furthermore, when the terms “top,” “bottom,” “first,” “second,” “upper,” “lower,” “height,” “width,” “length,” “end,”“side,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” and similar terms are used herein, it should be understood that these terms have reference only to the structure shown in the drawing and are utilized only to facilitate describing the invention.
All figures are drawn for ease of explanation of the basic teachings of the present invention only; the extensions of the figures with respect to number, position, relationship, and dimensions of the parts to form the preferred embodiment will be explained or will be within the skill of the art after the following teachings of the present invention have been read and understood. Further, the exact dimensions and dimensional proportions to conform to specific force, weight, strength, and similar requirements will likewise be within the skill of the art after the following teachings of the present invention have been read and understood.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A. Vertical Stand-Up Pouch
FIGS. 5a, 6a and 6b illustrate two embodiments of the basic components used with the method of the proposed invention as it relates to the manufacture of a vertical stand-up pouch. The same reference numbers are used to identify the same corresponding elements throughout all drawings unless otherwise noted. FIG. 5a is a schematic cross-section of a tube of packaging material (film) formed by the present invention method. The tube of packaging film shown in FIG. 5a is illustrated as a cross-sectional area immediately below the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6a and 6b (shown in phantom in FIG. 5a). The tube of packaging film comprises an outer layer 116 and an inner layer 110, and can comprise material typically used in the field of art for making a standard vertical flex bag, such as discussed in relation to FIG. 1. The tube in FIG. 5a has been formed by sealing one sheet of film with a vertical back seal, as previously described with regard to discussions of prior art vertical form and fill machine methods.
Each of the embodiments in FIGS. 6a and 6b shows a forming tube 101 typical in most respects to those used with prior art vertical form, fill, and seal machines. This forming tube 101 can be a cylinder, have a rectangular cross section, or any number of shapes, but is preferably cylindrical as illustrated. The film illustrated in FIG. 5a is initially formed around the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6a and 6b. This forming tube 101 is shown in elevation but would normally be integrally attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. Also shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b are a pair of prior art sealing jaws 108 likewise illustrated in elevation. Not shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b is the sealing jaw carriage on which such sealing jaws 108 would be mounted below the forming tube 101.
As previously described, the practice in the prior art in the manufacture of a vertical flex bag involves feeding a continuous sheet of packaging film directed around the forming tube 101. A back seal is formed on a single layer of film in order to create a tube of film around the forming tube 101. The seal jaws 108 close on the thus formed tube of packaging film, thereby forming a bottom transverse seal. Product is then dropped through the forming tube 101 into the tube of packaging film. The tube is then driven downward by friction against rotating belts (not shown) and the seal jaws 108 are used to form another transverse seal above the level of the product found inside the tube. This seal is subsequently cut horizontally such that a top transverse seal is formed at the top of the filled bag below and a bottom transverse seal is formed on the tube of packaging film above.
The packaging film during the prior art operation described above is oriented to be readable by an operator of the machine as the film travels down the forming tube 101. This orientation provides graphics 39 on the formed prior art bag that are readable by a consumer when the formed bag is placed on a retail display shelf while resting on its bottom transverse seal 33 as seen in FIG. 3a. As will be described in further detail below, the orientation of the graphics on the film packaging for Applicants' invention is 90° off of the prior art orientation, such that the graphics appear sideways as viewed by the operator of the vertical form and fill machine as the film is pulled down the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6a and 6b. In other words, the graphics on the packaging film are oriented perpendicular to the direction of film travel.
The embodiment of the present invention used to make vertical stand-up pouches adds the following basic components to a prior art vertical form, fill, and seal machine. A pair of forming plates 104 and one tension bar 102 are used to hold the packaging film tube in tension from inside the tube, as indicated by the arrows illustrated on FIG. 5a. As shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, the forming plates 104 and tension bar 102 can be attached directly to the forming tube 101 or, alternatively, to any supporting structure on the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, as long as the forming plates 104 and tension bar 102 are positioned within the tube of packaging material, below the bottom of the forming tube 101, and above the heat sealing jaws 108.
Tension is applied on the outside of the film and in the opposite direction of the tension provided by the forming plates 104 by a gusseting mechanism 106 positioned between said forming plates 104. With reference to FIG. 6a, in one embodiment, the gusseting mechanism 106 of the present invention comprises a fixed or stationary gusseting mechanism 106A, alternatively referred to herein as a tucker bar 106A, positioned between said forming plates 104. The tucker bar 106A is preferably attached to the sealing carriage for the vertical form, fill, and seal machine and is adjustable along all three axes (in/out, up/down, and front/back). Alternatively, the tucker bar 106A can be attached to the frame of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine or any other point that can supports its function outside the film tube. These adjustments in all three axes allow for the tucker bar 106A to be easily moved out of the way to convert the vertical form and fill machine back to standard operation and is accomplished, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6a, by a tension screw 162 that can lock the tucker bar 106A in place when tightened.
While the tucker bar 106A is adjustable, unlike in the prior art, it is fixed or stationary during operation. Therefore, the fixed or stationary gusseting mechanism 106A in the present invention is a substantial improvement over the prior art in that there are no moving parts to the tucker mechanism during bag making. Moreover, the fixed or stationary gusseting mechanism 106A eliminates the need for reciprocating or moving parts that push against the film tube for the formation of a gusset. This elimination of moving parts allows for increased bag production rates, significantly lower changeover times to pillow pouch production, and significantly fewer maintenance issues. This improvement is what Applicants intend to describe when referring to the tucker bar 106A as “stationary” or “fixed.” Because of this stationary tucker bar feature, bag making speeds can match typical pillow pouch manufacturing rates.
When moved forward into position (i.e., toward the forming plates 104), the stationary tucker bar 106A creates a V-shaped crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film between the two forming plates 104. This crease is formed prior to formation of the transverse seal by the seal jaws 108. Consequently, once the transverse seal is formed, the crease becomes an integral feature of one side of the package.
In another embodiment, the gusseting mechanism 106 of the present invention comprises a pivoting tucker mechanism 106B positioned between said forming plates 104 as shown in FIG. 6b. In general, the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B is a purely mechanical device that includes a pivot point positioned above and offset from a protruding tucker device, which engages the tube of packaging film. The pivoting tucker mechanism 106B requires no pneumatic or cam-driven actuation. As will be shown below, the proper placement of the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B induces a torquing moment about the pivot point that imparts a constant force onto the tube of packaging film by the protruding tucker device.
For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 6b and 8b, in one embodiment the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B comprises a plow mechanism 190 that is pivotally attached to an attachment rod 195, which, in turn, can be attached to the frame of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine or any other point that can supports its function external to the forming tube 101. It should be noted that the FIG. 6b illustrates a left-hand variant of the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B while FIG. 8b illustrates a right-hand variant of the pivoting tucker mechanism 107B. Both variants are essentially identical, mirror images of one another. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6b and 8b, the plow mechanism 190 comprises a generally L-shaped plate having a base portion 190a, a vertical arm portion 190b, and an upper head portion 190c. A flange plate 191 is attached to the outer edge of the plow mechanism 190 to reinforce its planar stiffness.
The base portion 190a extends away from the vertical arm portion 190b, and includes a protruding tucker device in the form of toe section 192 at its free end for engaging the tube of packaging film. As will be appreciated by those with knowledge in the art, the planar thickness of the protruding toe section 192 is thin enough to impart a vertical crease in the tube of packaging film with minimal friction to the tube, while not cutting or tearing the film. It will also be observed that the top of the protruding toe section 192 is gently rounded to facilitate the creasing transition. The rounded contact area of the protruding toe section 192 allows for the continuous formation of the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5a without tearing the packaging film as it is pushed down below the forming tube.
The upper head portion 190c also extends away from the vertical arm portion 190b in the same direction as the base portion 190a. As shown in FIG. 8b, the upper head portion 190c includes an aperture (not shown) into which a pivotal bearing 197 is secured. The center of the aperture effectively defines the pivot point of the plow mechanism 190. Accordingly, the upper head portion 190c can be pivotally attached to the attachment rod 195 by means of the pivotal bearing 197. When properly attached, the linear axis of attachment rod 195 is oriented generally perpendicular to the planar surface of the plow mechanism 190. Thus, the plow mechanism 190 freely pivots or rotates about the linear axis of attachment rod 195.
The upper head portion 190c may also include a biasing mechanism to vary the induced torquing moment. For example, in the embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 8b, the biasing mechanism comprises a counter-weight device 194 positioned closer to the vertical arm portion 190b than the aperture/pivot point. The counter-weight device 194 can be used to vary the induced torquing moment, thereby varying the force imparted onto the tube of packaging film by the protruding toe section 192. For example, in the embodiment shown, the counter-weight device 194 comprises one of a plurality of different sized weights which are fixably attached to a bracket formed at the intersection of the upper head portion 190c and the vertical arm portion 190b. In another embodiment, the biasing mechanism may simply comprise the plow mechanism 190 being spring-loaded in a conventional manner.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6b and 8b, the attachment rod 195 comprises a threaded rod having an attachment point 196 at one end which may be fixably attached to the fixed frame or stationary support structure of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, and a knob 199 at the opposite end for aiding in the attachment. For example, the attachment point 196 may comprise a threaded end which can be coupled with a complementary threaded receiver positioned on the frame or support structure of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. When the attachment rod 195 is coupled to the fixed support structure, the position of the pivotal bearing 197 becomes fixed in relation to the forming tube 101 and the forming plates 104, and serves as a pivot point about which the plow mechanism 190 freely pivots or rotates about the linear axis of attachment rod 195.
With reference to the Figures and in particular FIGS. 8b and 11a, when the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B is attached to the frame of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, the protruding tucker device (i.e., toe section 192) is positioned between the forming plates 104. In this position, the protruding toe section 192 of the plow mechanism 190 engages the packaging film 120 creating a crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film 120 between the two forming plates 104. This crease is formed prior to formation of the transverse seal by the seal jaws 108. Consequently, once the transverse seal is formed, the crease becomes an integral feature of one side of the package.
The pivoting tucker mechanism 106B is attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine such that the protruding toe section 192 engages the packaging film 120 well prior to the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B reaching a point of equilibrium. That is to say, when properly attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, the pivot point of the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B is fixably positioned so that a torquing moment is always induced on the plow mechanism 190 whenever the protruding toe section 192 engages the packaging film 120. Thus, during all relevant phases of operation, the protruding toe section 192 continually engages the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 pressing inwardly on the tube with a generally constant force.
The pivotal bearing 197 allows the plow mechanism 190 to pivot in response to changes in the induced surface tension of the packaging film 120. The pivoting of the plow mechanism 190 correspondingly enables the protruding tucker device (i.e., toe section 192) to dynamically change its position (i.e., automatically move in and out relative to the two forming plates 104 in response to changes in the surface tension) so as to continually engage the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 with a generally constant force. By continually engaging the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 with a generally constant force, the plow mechanism 190 is dynamically responsive to changes in the surface tension of the packaging film 120.
For example, as shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b, the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B generally pivots between two positions during operation of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. With reference to FIGS. 8b and 11a, in a first position, the toe 192 of the plow mechanism 190 engages the tube of packaging film 120 while the sealing jaws 108 are in an open position. It should be noted that the tube of packaging film 120 is typically being advanced down the forming tube 101 while in the first position. The toe 192 of the plow mechanism 190 exerts a constant force on the tube of packaging film 120 sufficient to form a V-shaped crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film 120 as specified previously. By impairing a constant force on the tube of packaging film 120 in an opposite direction as forming plates 104, the plow mechanism 190 induces a surface tension upon the packaging film 120.
As noted previously, the amount of force imparted onto the packaging film 120 by the protruding toe section 192 of the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B may be adjusted by varying the biasing mechanism (e.g., increasing or decreasing the mass of the counter-weight device 194). The amount of force imparted by the protruding toe section 192 is calibrated to match the tension characteristics of the particular packaging film. Typically, the induced surface tension is low enough that it does not interrupt the advancement of the tube of packaging film 120.
With reference to FIGS. 8b and 11b, in a second position, the plow mechanism 190 is shown pivoting inwardly on the packaging film 120 (i.e., in the direction of the arrow, towards the forming plates 104) when the sealing jaws 108 are closed to form a transverse seal. When the sealing jaws 108 close, the V-shaped crease formed in the tube of the packaging film 120 collapses, reducing the induced tension between the forming plates 104 and the plow mechanism 190. The plow mechanism 190 pivots inwardly in response to the slacking tension in the packaging film 120. The pivoting movement of the plow mechanism 190 is not pneumatic or cam-driven, but simply a function of the plow mechanism 190 pivotally responding to the release of the surface tension on the side of the tube of packaging film 120 when the sealing jaws 108 are closed.
The pivoting gusseting mechanism 106B in the present invention is, therefore, a substantial improvement over the prior art in that there are minimal moving parts to the tucker mechanism during bag making. Moreover, the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B eliminates the need for pneumatic or cam-driven actuators that push against the film tube for the formation of a gusset. This simplification of moving parts allows for increased bag production rates, significantly lower changeover times to pillow pouch production, and significantly fewer maintenance issues. This improvement is what Applicants intend to describe when referring to the tucker mechanism 106B as “pivoting.” Because of this pivoting tucker mechanism feature, bag making speeds can match typical pillow pouch manufacturing rates. Moreover, through-put and bag-fill constraints are markedly improved.
Regardless of which gusseting mechanism of the present invention is utilized, the vertical form, fill, and seal machine thereafter operates basically as previously described in the prior art, with the sealing jaws 108 forming a lower transverse seal, product being introduced through the forming tube 101 into the sealed tube of packaging film (which now has a crease on one side), and the upper transverse seal being formed, thereby completing the package.
The major differences between a prior art package and Applicants' package, however, are that a crease is formed on one side (which later becomes the bottom of the formed package) using one of the gusseting mechanisms described and that the graphics on the packaging film used by the invention are oriented such that when the formed package is stood onto the end with the crease, the graphics are readable by a consumer.
An example of the formed package of the instant invention is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, which show the outside layer of the packaging film 116 with the graphics 179 oriented as previously described. As can be seen from FIGS. 7a and 7b, the construction of the invention's vertical stand-up pouch shares characteristics with the prior art vertical flex bags shown in FIG. 3a. However, the transverse seals 131, 133 of the vertical stand-up bag of the invention are oriented vertically once the bag stands up on one end, as shown in FIG. 7b. FIG. 7a shows the crease 176 that is formed by the gusseting mechanism 106 and forming plates 104 discussed in relation to FIGS. 5a, 6a and 6b.
Returning to FIGS. 6a and 6b, another optional feature that can be incorporated into this invention is the use of a diversion plate 160 within the forming tube 101. This diversion plate 160, in the embodiment illustrated, comprise a flat plate welded vertically inside the forming tube 101 that extends from the bottom of the forming tube 101 to some distance above (for example, at least two or three inches) the bottom of the forming tube 101, where it then is sealed against the inside of the forming tube 101.
The diversion plate 160 in a preferred embodiment accomplish two functions. First, the diversion plate 160 keeps product that is dropped down the forming tube 101 away from the area where the crease is being formed on the tube of packaging film. Second, the diversion plate 160, if properly sealed against the forming tube 101, can be used as a channel for a gas or nitrogen flush. In such instance, the diversion plate 160 at some point above the bottom of the forming tube 101 seals at the top of the plate 160 against the forming tube 101. Below such seal (not shown) an orifice can be drilled into the forming tube 101 in order to provide gas communication between an exterior gas (for example, nitrogen or oxygen) source and the cavity formed between the diversion plate 160 and the interior of the forming tube 101. The diversion plate 160 as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b is a flat plate, but it should be understood that it can be of any variety of shapes, for example, having a curved surface, provided that it accomplishes the functionality of diverting the product away from the area where the tuck is formed on the tube of film.
By using the diversion plate 160 as a channel for the gas flush, the present invention eliminates the need for a separate gas tube to be placed inside the forming tube 101 that normally accomplishes the same function in the prior art. The added benefit of providing a relatively large volume channel formed by the diversion plate 160 and the interior of the forming tube 101 is that a relatively large volume of flushing gas can be introduced into a filled and partially formed package at a significantly lower gas velocity compared to prior art gas tubes. This allows for the filling of packages using this embodiment of the present invention that may contain low weight product that might otherwise be blown back into the forming tube by prior art flushing tubes.
FIG. 8a illustrates a preferred embodiment of the stationary tucker bar 106A gusseting mechanism. This embodiment of the tucker bar 106A comprises a head 180 attached to a support 182. Drilled within the support 182 and head 180 is a gas channel 184 shown in phantom on FIG. 8a. This gas channel 184 provides a gas communication from an exterior gas source (not shown) through the support 182, through the head 180, and out three orifices 186. The gas channel 184 allows for a metered burst of pressurized gas (typically air) that helps keep the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5a taut throughout the forming and sealing operation without the necessity of moving the tucker bar in and out during bag formation. It should again be noted that during operation (bag making), the tucker bar 106A is always stationary. It should further be noted that the head 180 necessarily cannot extend along the entire length of the crease formed by the tucker bar 106 and forming plates 104. Further, it should be understood that when the sealing jaws 108 close onto the tube of film, the lateral dimensions of the tube of film change. All of these facts are compensated for by the use of the pressurized air bursting from the orifices 186. The pressurized air keeps an even amount of pressure on the tuck as it is being formed in the various stages of the forming and sealing process. The air burst can be continuous, but is preferably metered to start as the film for the next bag is being pulled down through the completion of the transverse seal.
The head 180 can comprise any non-stick material but is preferably a fluoropolymer, such as Teflon®. In an alternative embodiment, the stationary tucker bar 106A gusseting mechanism can comprise one integral piece of metal with the head portion 180 being coated with a fluoropolymer. The curved contact area of the head 180 allows for the continuous formation of the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5a without tearing the packaging film as it is pushed down below the forming tube. While shown with three orifices 186, the head 180 can comprise any number of orifices from one on.
To further compensate for the change in the width of the film tube as the transverse seal is formed by the seal jaws 108 of FIGS. 6a and 6b, it should be noted that the tension bar 102 bends outwardly away from the center of said tube of film along the length of the tension bar 102 and the forming plates 104 are hinged by a horizontal hinge 165. If the tension bar 102 is designed otherwise (e.g., strictly vertical) excess slack occurs in the area of the film tube near the transverse seal. The forming plates 104 comprise horizontal hinges 165 that allow the forming plates to fold inward (i.e., toward each other) slightly while the lower transverse seal is formed. Otherwise, the tube of packaging film would be ripped by the tips of the forming plates 104 during this step.
The present invention offers an economic method of producing a stand-up pouch with numerous advantages over prior art horizontal stand-up pouches and methods for making them.
Examples of these advantages are illustrated in Table 1 below.











TABLE 1








Commercially





Available
Applicants'



Current
Horizontal Stand-
Vertical Stand-Up



Vertical Flex Bag
Up Pouches
Bag



















Machine Type
Standard Vertical FFS
Pouch Form, Fill, Seal
Standard Vertical FFS


Machine Cost
$75,000.00
$500,000.00
$75,000.00


Film Cost
$0.04/bag
$0.08/bag
$0.04/bag


Gas Flush
Less than 2% O2
Only to 5% O2
Less than 2% O2


Size Change
Easy, change former
2 hours
Easy, change former


Format Change
Flex Bag Only
Stand-Up Pouch Only
Both, simple change


Continuous Feed
No
Yes
Yes


Zipper Option


Bag Size Range in
(Width/Height)
(Width/Height)
(Width/Height)


Inches
5/5 through 14/24
5/5 through 10/12
5/5 through 24/11









As noted above, a continuous feed zipper option is available on Applicants' invention, which is not available using current vertical form, fill, and seal machine technology. This is because of the orientation of the film graphics used on the packaging film of the present invention. Since the graphics are oriented 90° from the prior art, a zipper seal can be run continuously in a vertical line down the forming tube along with the packaging film as it is being formed into a tube and subsequent package. This is not possible with the prior art, because such orientation of a continuous vertical strip of a zipper seal would place such seal in a vertical orientation once the package is formed and stood up for display.
B. Flat Bottom Bag
FIGS. 5b, 6c and 6d illustrate the basic components used with the method of the proposed invention as it relates to the manufacture of a flat bottom bag. FIG. 5b is a schematic cross-section of a tube of packaging material (film) formed by the present invention method. The tube of packaging film shown in FIG. 5b is illustrated as a cross-sectional area immediately below the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6c and 6d (shown in phantom in FIG. 5b). The tube of packaging film comprises an outer layer 116 and an inner layer 110, and can comprise material typically used in the field of art for making a standard vertical flex bag, such as discussed in relation to FIG. 1. However, for reasons that will become apparent from the discussion below, a first preferred embodiment of the bag of the present invention comprises an outside layer 116 that is not sealable on itself, such as paper. The tube in FIG. 5b has been formed by sealing one sheet of film with a vertical back seal, as previously described with regard to discussions of prior art vertical form and fill machine methods.
FIGS. 6c and 6d show a forming tube 101 typical in most respects to those used with prior art vertical form, fill, and seal machines. This forming tube 101 can be a cylinder, have a rectangular cross section, or any number of shapes, but is preferably cylindrical as illustrated. The film illustrated in FIG. 5b is initially formed around the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6c and 6d. This forming tube 101 is shown in elevation but would nominally be integrally attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. Also shown in FIGS. 6c and 6d are a pair of prior art sealing jaws 108 likewise illustrated in elevation. Not shown in FIGS. 6c and 6d is the sealing jaw carriage on which such sealing jaws 108 would be mounted below the forming tube 101.
As previously described, the practice in the prior art in the manufacture of a vertical flex bag involves feeding a continuous packaging film directed around the forming tube 101. A back seal is formed on a single layer of film in order to create a tube of film around the forming tube 101. The seal jaws 108 close on the thus formed tube of packaging film, thereby forming a bottom transverse seal. Product is then dropped through the forming tube 101 into the tube of packaging film. The tube is then driven downward by friction against rotating belts (not shown) and the seal jaws 108 are used to form another transverse seal above the level of the product found inside the tube. This seal is subsequently cut horizontally such that a top transverse seal is formed at the top of the filled bag below and a bottom transverse seal is formed on the tube of packaging film above.
The labeling on the packaging film in the prior art operation described above is in line with the longitudinal translation of the film so as to be readable by an operator of the machine as the film travels down the forming tube 101. This label orientation provides graphics 39 on the formed bag that are readable by a consumer when the formed bag is placed on a retail display shelf while resting on its bottom transverse seal 33 as seen in FIG. 3a. As will be described in further detail below, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the orientation of the labeling graphics on the film packaging for Applicants' invention is shifted 90° from the typical prior art orientation, such that the labeling graphics appear sideways as viewed by the operator of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine as the film is pulled down the forming tube 101 of FIGS. 6c and 6d. In other words, the labeling graphics on the packaging film are oriented perpendicular to the direction of film travel.
The embodiment of the present invention used to make flat-bottomed bags adds the following basic components to a prior art vertical form, fill, and seal machine. Two opposing pairs of stationary or fixed forming plates 104, 105 are used to hold the packaging film tube in tension from inside the tube, as indicated by the arrows illustrated on FIG. 5b. As shown in FIGS. 6c and 6d, the forming plates 104, 105 can be attached directly to the forming tube 101 or, alternatively, to any supporting structure on the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, as long as the forming plates 104, 105 are positioned within the tube of packaging material, below the bottom of the forming tube 101, and above the heat sealing jaws 108.
Tension is applied on the outside of the film in the opposite direction of the tension provided by the forming plates 104, 105, by two gusseting mechanism 106, 107 positioned between said forming plates 104, 105. As with the stand-up pouch embodiment previously disclosed in Section A., the gusseting mechanisms may be stationary or pivoting. For example, as illustrated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6c, the gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 shown in FIG. 5b may comprise fixed or stationary gusseting mechanisms 106A, 107A, alternatively referred to herein as tucker bars 106A, 107A, positioned between said forming plates 104, 105. The tucker bars 106A, 107A are preferably attached to the sealing carriage for the vertical form, fill, and seal machine and are adjustable along all three axes (in/out, up/down, and front/back). Alternatively, the tucker bars 106A, 107A can be attached to the frame of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine or any other point that can supports their function outside the film tube. These adjustments in all three axes allow for the tucker bars 106A, 107A to be easily moved out of the way to convert the vertical form and fill machine back to standard operation and is accomplished, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6c, by tension screws 162 that can lock their respective tucker bars 106A, 107A in place when tightened.
While the tucker bars 106A, 107A are adjustable, unlike in the prior art, they are fixed or stationary during operation. Therefore, the fixed or stationary gusseting mechanisms 106A, 107A in the present invention are a substantial improvement over the prior art in that there are no moving parts to the tucker or gusseting mechanisms during bag making. Moreover, the fixed or stationary gusseting mechanisms 106A, 107A eliminates the need for reciprocating or moving parts that push against the film tube for the formation of a gusset. This elimination of moving parts allows for increased bag production rates, significantly lower changeover times to pillow pouch production, and significantly fewer maintenance issues. This improvement is what Applicants intend to describe when referring to the tucker bars 106A, 107A as “stationary” or “fixed.” Because of this stationary tucker bar feature, bag making speeds can match typical pillow pouch manufacturing rates, modification costs are low (such as 3 to 4 thousand dollars per machine), and no additional maintenance issues are introduced.
When moved forward into position (i.e., toward the forming plates 104, 105), the stationary gusseting mechanisms 106A, 107A each create a crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film between the two pairs of forming plates 104, 105. These creases are formed prior to formation of the transverse seal by the seal jaws 108. Consequently, once the transverse seal is formed, the creases become integral features of two sides of the package, referred to as gussets. As shown in FIG. 3b, these gussets 37 form a “V” shape on each end of the horizontal transverse seals 31, 33 when the outer layer of packaging film used to form the bag comprises a material that does not seal on itself, such as paper.
In another embodiment, as illustrated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6d, the gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 of the present invention may comprise two of the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B (as previously described in Section A) positioned between said forming plates 104, 105. In general, the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B are purely mechanical devices, each of which include a pivot point positioned above and offset from a protruding tucker device that engages the tube of packaging film. The pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B require no pneumatic or cam-driven actuation. As will be shown below, the proper placement of each of the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B induces a torquing moment about each pivot point that imparts a constant force onto the tube of packaging film by the respective protruding tucker devices.
For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 6d and 8b, in one embodiment the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B each comprise a plow mechanism 190 that is pivotally attached to an attachment rod 195, which, in turn, can be attached to the frame of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine or any other point that can supports its function external to the forming tube 101. As noted previously, FIG. 6d illustrates a left-hand variant of the pivoting tucker mechanism 106B and a right-hand variant of the pivoting tucker mechanism 107B. Both variants are essentially identical, mirror images of one another. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 6d and 8b, each of the plow mechanisms 190 comprise a generally L-shaped plate having a base portion 190a, a vertical arm portion 190b, and an upper head portion 190c. A flange plate 191 is attached to the outer edge of each of the plow mechanism 190 to reinforce its planar stiffness.
The base portion 190a extends away from the vertical arm portion 190b, and includes a protruding toe section 192 at its free end for engaging the tube of packaging film. As will be appreciated by those with knowledge in the art, the planar thickness of the toe section 192 is thin enough to impart a vertical crease in the tube of packaging film with minimal friction to the tube, while not cutting or tearing the film. It will also be observed that the top of the protruding toe section 192 is gently rounded to facilitate the creasing transition. The rounded contact area of the protruding toe section 192 allows for the continuous formation of the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5b without tearing the packaging film as it is pushed down below the forming tube.
The upper head portion 190c also extends away from the vertical arm portion 190b in the same direction as the base portion 190a. As shown in FIG. 8b, the upper head portion 190c includes an aperture (not shown) into which a pivotal bearing 197 is secured. The aperture effectively defines the pivot point of the plow mechanism 190. Accordingly, the upper head portion 190c can be pivotally attached to the attachment rod 195 by means of the pivotal bearing 197. When properly attached, the linear axis of attachment rod 195 is oriented generally perpendicular to the planar surface of the plow mechanism 190. Thus, the plow mechanism 190 freely pivots or rotates about the linear axis of attachment rod 195. The upper head portion 190c may also include a biasing mechanism to vary the induced torquing moment. For example, in the embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 8b, the biasing mechanism comprises a counter-weight device 194 positioned closer to the vertical arm portion 190b than the aperture/pivot point. The counter-weight device 194 can be used to vary the induced torquing moment, thereby varying the force imparted onto the tube of packaging film by the protruding toe section 192. For example, in the embodiment shown, the counter-weight device 194 comprises one of a plurality of different sized weights which are fixably attached to a bracket formed at the intersection of the upper head portion 190c and the vertical arm portion 190b. In another embodiment, the biasing mechanism may simply comprise the plow mechanism 190 being spring-loaded in a conventional manner.
As shown in FIG. 8b, the attachment rod 195 comprises a threaded rod having an attachment point 196 at one end which may be fixably attached to the fixed frame or a stationary support structure of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, and a knob 199 at the opposite end for aiding in the attachment. For example, the attachment point 196 may comprise a male threaded end which can be coupled with a complementary female threaded receiver positioned on the frame or support structure of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. When the attachment rod 195 is coupled to the fixed support structure, the position of the pivotal bearing 197 becomes fixed in relation to the forming tube 101 and the forming plates 104, and serves as a pivot point about which the plow mechanism 190 freely pivots or rotates about the linear axis of attachment rod 195.
With reference to the Figures and in particular FIGS. 6d, 8b and 11a, when each pivoting tucker mechanism 106B, 107B is attached to the frame of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, each protruding tucker device (i.e., toe section 192) is positioned between its respective forming plates 104, 105. In this position, the protruding toe section 192 of the plow mechanism 190 engages the packaging film 120 creating a crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film 120 between each of the two forming plates 104, 105. These creases are formed prior to formation of the transverse seal by the seal jaws 108. Consequently, once the transverse seal is formed, the creases become integral features on opposing sides of the package.
The pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B are attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine such that each protruding toe section 192 engages the packaging film 120 well prior to reaching a point of equilibrium. That is to say, when properly attached to the vertical form, fill, and seal machine, the pivot point of the each pivoting tucker mechanism 106B, 107B is fixably positioned so that a torquing moment is always induced on each plow mechanism 190 whenever each protruding toe section 192 engages the packaging film 120. Thus, during all relevant phases of operation, each of the protruding toe sections 192 continually engage the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 pressing inwardly on the tube with a generally constant force.
The pivotal bearings 197 allow each of the plow mechanisms 190 to pivot in response to changes in the induced surface tension of the packaging film 120. The pivoting of each plow mechanism 190 correspondingly enables each protruding tucker device (i.e., toe section 192) to dynamically change its position (i.e., automatically move in and out relative to its respective forming plates 104, 105 in response to changes in the surface tension) so as to continually engage the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 with a generally constant force. By continually engaging the exterior surface of the tube of packaging film 120 with a generally constant force, each plow mechanism 190 is dynamically responsive to changes in the surface tension of the packaging film 120.
For example, as previously shown in FIGS. 6d, 11a and 11b, each of the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B generally pivot between two positions during operation of the vertical form, fill, and seal machine. With reference to FIG. 11a, in a first position, the toe 192 of the plow mechanism 190 engages the tube of packaging film 120 while the sealing jaws 108 are in an open position. It should be noted that the tube of packaging film 120 is typically being advanced down the forming tube 101 while in the first position. The toe 192 of the plow mechanism 190 exerts a constant force on the tube of packaging film 120 sufficient to form a crease or fold in the tube of the packaging film 120 as specified previously. By imparting a constant force on the tube of packaging film 120 in an opposite direction as each of the sets of forming plates 104, 105, each of the plow mechanisms 190 induce a surface tension upon the packaging film 120. As noted previously, the amount of force imparted onto the packaging film 120 by each protruding toe section 192 of the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B may be adjusted by varying the biasing mechanism (e.g., increasing or decreasing the mass of the counter-weight device 194). The amount of force imparted by the protruding toe section 192 is calibrated to match the tension characteristics of the particular packaging film. Typically, the induced surface tension is low enough that it does not interrupt the advancement of the tube of packaging film 120.
With reference to FIG. 11b, in a second position, the plow mechanism 190 is shown pivoting in the direction of the arrow (i.e., towards the forming plates 104, 105) when the sealing jaws 108 are closed to form a transverse seal. The pivoting movement of the plow mechanism 190 is not pneumatic or cam-driven, but simply a function of the release of the surface tension on the side of the tube of packaging film 120 when the sealing jaws 108 are closed. When the sealing jaws 108 close, the V-shaped crease formed in the tube of the packaging film 120 collapses, removing the induced tension between the forming plates 104 and the plow mechanism 190.
The pivoting gusseting mechanisms 106B, 107B in the present invention are, therefore, a substantial improvement over the prior art in that there are minimal moving parts to the tucker mechanisms during bag making. Moreover, the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B eliminates the need for pneumatic or cam-driven actuators that push against the film tube for the formation of gussets. This simplification of moving parts allow for increased bag production rates, significantly lower changeover times to pillow pouch production, and significantly fewer maintenance issues. This improvement is what Applicants intend to describe when referring to the tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B as “pivoting.” Because of the pivoting tucker mechanism feature, bag making speeds can match typical pillow pouch manufacturing rates. In addition, through-put and bag-fill constraints are markedly improved. Indeed, due to the range of plow motion, product flow through the film tube during the fill stage is noticeably improved.
Regardless of which gusseting mechanism of the present invention is utilized, after the transverse seals are formed, the vertical form, fill, and seal machine thereafter operates basically as previously described in the prior art, with the sealing jaws 108 forming a lower transverse seal, product being introduced through the forming tube 101 into the sealed tube of packaging film (which now has a vertical crease on two opposing sides), and the upper transverse seal being formed, thereby completing the package.
An example of a first preferred embodiment of the formed flat-bottomed bag of the instant invention is shown in FIG. 3b, which shows the outside layer of the packaging film 30 with the graphics 38 conventionally oriented as previously described. As mentioned previously, in this embodiment the outside layer of packaging film 30 is comprised of a material that is not sealable on itself, such as paper. As can be seen from FIG. 3b, the construction this embodiment of the invention's flat bottom bag shares many of the characteristics with the prior art flat-bottomed bags. FIG. 3b shows the gussets 37 that are formed by one of the previously discussed gusseting mechanisms 106, 107. The major difference between prior art packages and the Applicants' first preferred embodiment of the formed flat-bottomed bag of the instant invention, however, is that the gussets are formed on each side of the package of the present invention using one of the gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 previously described. A variant of the first preferred embodiment of the formed flat-bottomed bag of the instant invention features an outside layer 130 of the film comprised of a material that seals on itself, thereby closing the ends of the “V” shaped gussets 137 as illustrated in FIG. 7c. 
In accordance with a method for producing the first preferred embodiment of the flat-bottomed bag of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3b and 7c, the labeling of the packaging film is oriented in line with the longitudinal translation of the film so as to be readable by an operator of the machine as the film travels down the forming tube 101 (as in the prior art operation described above). This label orientation provides labeling graphics 38, 138 on the formed bags that are readable by a consumer when the formed bags are placed on a retail display shelf while resting on its bottom transverse seal 33, 133 as shown in FIGS. 3b and 7c. 
In contrast to the to the foregoing method (wherein the labeling graphics of the flat-bottomed bag are oriented in a conventional manner), in an alternative embodiment the orientation of the labeling graphics on the packaging film for Applicants' invention is shifted 90° so that the labeling graphics appear sideways as viewed by the operator of the vertical form, fill and seal machine when the film is advanced down the forming tube 101 of FIG. 6a. In other words, the labeling graphics on the packaging film are oriented perpendicular to the direction of film travel such that when the formed package is stood onto the end with the crease, the graphics are readable by a consumer.
As shown in FIG. 7d, the resulting package comprises an outside layer of the packaging film 216 with the graphics 279 oriented as previously described. As illustrated in FIG. 7d, the alternative embodiment includes an outside layer of packaging film 216 which is comprised of a material that is not sealable on itself, such as paper. As can be seen from FIG. 7d, the construction this alternative embodiment of the invention's flat bottom bag shares many of the characteristics with the prior art flat-bottomed bags. FIG. 7d shows the gussets 237 that are formed by one of the previously described gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 such as the stationary tucker bars 106A, 107A and forming plates 104, 105 discussed in relation to FIGS. 5b and 6c. However, in this alternative embodiment, the transverse seals 231, 233 of the flat bottom bag of the invention are oriented vertically when the bag is stood up on one end, as shown in FIG. 7d. 
As shown in FIGS. 7e and 7f, a preferred variant of the alternative embodiment of the formed flat-bottomed bag features an outside layer 216a of the packaging film comprised of a material that seals on itself, thereby closing the ends of the “V” shaped gussets 276, 277. The preferred variant of the alternative embodiment of the flat-bottom bag of the instant invention comprises an outside layer of the packaging film 216a with the graphics 279a oriented as previously described. As can be seen from FIGS. 7e and 7f, the construction of this alternative embodiment of the flat-bottom bag shares characteristics with the prior art vertical flex bags shown in FIG. 3a. However, the transverse seals 231, 233 of the flat bottom bag of the invention are oriented vertically once the bag is stood up on one end, as shown in FIG. 7f. FIGS. 7e and 7f also show the creases 276, 277 formed by one of the previously described gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 such as the pivoting tucker mechanisms 106B, 107B between each of the two pairs of forming plates 104, 105 as discussed in relation to FIGS. 5b and 6c. 
Returning to FIG. 6c, another optional feature that can be incorporated into this invention is the use of one or two diversion plates 160 within the forming tube 101. These diversion plates 160, in the embodiment illustrated, comprise a flat plate welded vertically inside the forming tube 101 that extends from the bottom of the forming tube 101 to some distance above (for example, at least two or three inches) the bottom of the forming tube 101, where it then is sealed against the inside of the forming tube 101.
The diversion plates 160 in a preferred embodiment accomplish two functions. First, the diversion plates 160 keeps product that is dropped down the forming tube 101 away from the area where the crease is being formed on the tube of packaging film. Second, the diversion plates 160, if properly sealed against the forming tube 101, can be used as channels for a gas or nitrogen flush. In such instance, at least one, but preferably both diversion plates 160 at some point above the bottom of the forming tube 101 seal at the top of the plate 160 against the forming tube 101. Below such seal (not shown) one or more orifices can be drilled into the forming tube 101 in order to provide gas communication between an exterior gas (for example, nitrogen or oxygen) source and the cavity formed between a diversion plate 160 and the interior of the forming tube 101. The diversion plates 160 are shown in FIG. 6b as a flat plate, but it should be understood that they could be of any variety of shapes, for example, having a curved surface, provided that they accomplish the functionality of diverting the product away from the area where the tucks are formed on the tube of film.
By using one or more of the diversion plates 160 as a channel for the gas flush, the present invention eliminates the need for a separate gas tube to be placed inside the forming tube 101 that normally accomplishes the same function in the prior art. The added benefit of providing a relatively large volume channel formed by a diversion plate 160 and the interior of the forming tube 101 is that a relatively large volume of flushing gas can be introduced into a filled and partially formed package at a significantly lower gas velocity compared to prior art gas tubes. This allows for the filling of packages using this embodiment of the present invention that may contain low weight product that might otherwise be blown back into the forming tube by prior art flushing tubes.
FIG. 8a illustrates a preferred embodiment of a stationary tucker bar 106. This embodiment of a stationary tucker bar 106 comprises a head 180 attached to a support 182. Drilled within the support 182 and head 180 is a gas channel 184 shown in phantom on FIG. 8a. This gas channel 184 provides a gas communication from an exterior gas source (not shown) through the support 182, the head 180, and out three orifices 186. The gas channel 184 allows for a metered burst of pressurized gas (typically air) that helps keep the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5b taut throughout the forming and sealing operation without the necessity of moving the tucker bar in and out during bag formation. It should be noted that during operation (bag making) the tucker bar 106 is always stationary. It should further be noted that the head 180 necessarily cannot extend along the entire length of the crease formed by the tucker bar 106 and forming plates 104. Further, it should be understood that when the sealing jaws 108 close onto the tube of film, the lateral dimensions of the tube of film change. All of these facts are compensated for by the use of the pressurized air bursting from the orifices 186. The pressurized air keeps an even amount of pressure on the tuck as it is being formed in the various stages of the forming and sealing process. The air burst can be continuous, but is preferably metered to start as the film for the next bag is being pulled down through the completion of the transverse seal.
The head 180 can comprise any non-stick material but is preferably a fluoropolymer, such as Teflon®. In an alternative embodiment, the tucker bar 106 can comprise one integral piece of metal with the head portion 180 being coated with a fluoropolymer. The curved contact area of the head 180 allows for the continuous formation of the tuck illustrated in FIG. 5b without tearing the packaging film as it is pushed down below the forming tube. While shown with three orifices 186, the head 180 can comprise any number of orifices from one on.
To further compensate for the change in the width of the film tube as the transverse seal is formed by the seal jaws 108 of FIG. 6c, it should be noted that each of the forming plates 104, 105 are hinged by a horizontal hinge 165. The forming plates 104, 105 comprise horizontal hinges 165 that allow the forming plates to fold inward (i.e., toward each other) slightly while the lower transverse seal is formed. Otherwise, the tube of packaging film would be ripped by the tips of the forming plates 104, 105 during this step.
The present invention offers an economic method of producing a flat bottom bag with numerous advantages over prior art horizontal stand-up pouches and methods for making them.
Examples of these advantages are illustrated in Table 2 below.











TABLE 2








Commercially





Available



Current
Horizontal Stand-
Applicants' Flat



Vertical Flex Bag
Up Pouches
Bottom Bag



















Machine Type
Standard Vertical FFS
Pouch Form, Fill, Seal
Standard Vertical FFS


Machine Cost
$75,000.00
$500,000.00
$75,000.00


Film Cost
$0.04/bag
$0.08/bag
$0.04/bag


Gas Flush
Less than 2% O2
Only to 5% O2
Less than 2% O2


Size Change
Easy, change former
2 hours
Easy, change former


Format Change
Flex Bag Only
Stand-Up Pouch Only
Both, simple change


Bag Size Range in
(Width/Height)
(Width/Height)
(Width/Height)


Inches
5/5 through 14/24
5/5 through 10/12
5/5 through 11/24









Further, the speed at which a form, fill, and seal machine modified by Applicants' invention can run is not compromised by the modification, as is the case with the prior art method for making a flat bottom bag using a triangular-shaped device that is moved in and out during operation. In fact, Applicants' invention allows bag production rates on the order of twice as fast as the prior art method for making the same style bag.
In addition, the minimal parts associated with the gusseting mechanisms of Applicants' invention greatly reduce the cost of converting a vertical form, fill, and seal machine to manufacturing flat bottom bags, as well as reduces maintenance issues involved thereby. For example, converting a vertical form, fill, and seal machine to a flat bottom bag configuration using prior art devices that move in and out during operation costs in the range of $30,000.00 per machine. Applicants' invention involves retrofitting existing vertical form, fill, and seal machines at a fraction, approximately 1/10th, of that cost.
C. Quick Change Modules
Whether the vertical stand-up pouch embodiment or the flat bottom bag embodiment of the present invention is used, another embodiment of the invention incorporates a quick change module that can be installed on the bottom of a forming tube in order to quickly modify a vertical form, fill, and seal machine from pillow pouch production to the desired stand-up bag production of the present invention. One embodiment of this quick change module, as it relates particularly to vertical stand-up pouches, is illustrated by FIGS. 9a, 9b, and 9c. FIG. 9a is a perspective view in elevation of the quick change module 94 suspended below the bottom of a forming tube 91 shown partially cut away in order to illustrate interior features. FIG. 9b is a sectional view of the same embodiment of said quick change module 94 shown attached to the bottom of the forming tube 91. The sectional view of FIG. 9b is taken along reference lines 9b-9b of FIG. 9a. FIG. 9c is a side view in elevation of the same quick change module embodiment.
With reference to FIGS. 9a, 9b, and 9c, it can be seen that the embodiment illustrated shows that the quick change module 94 comprises one pair of forming plates 104A and one tension bar 102A, which perform the same functions as similar elements, previously described in Section A, with relation to the vertical stand-up pouch. The module 94 is attached to the bottom of a forming tube 91, as will be described below. The forming tube 91 illustrated in FIGS. 9a and 9b is shown as a rectangular shape. Consequently, the module 94 is likewise rectangularly shaped. It should be understood, however, that the shape of the forming tube 91 and corresponding shape of the module 94 can be any number of shapes, such as a circle, an oval, a square, or other shapes.
The module 94, for the embodiment shown, attaches to the bottom of the forming tube 91 by first inserting one or more tabs 96 that are integral to the forming tube into corresponding holes 93 that are integral to the module 94. The module 94 is thereafter secured by placing a tab 95 that is integral with a diverter plate 161 into a tab guide 97 that is integral with a diverter tongue 163. As is evident from FIG. 9b, this diverter tongue 163 rotates about a pin 168 that extends through a collar 166. When the diverter tongue 163 is rotated in the direction of the arrow illustrated in FIG. 9b, the tab guide 97 is lifted over the tab 95. The tab guide 97 is biased in the opposite direction of the rotation indicated by the arrow in FIG. 9b by a spring 170. Pressure is maintained on the inside area of the forming tube 91 in the vicinity of the tabs 96 by virtue of one or more tongues 164 that fit on the inside opposite wall of the forming tube 91. Consequently, once the module 94 is properly installed on the base of the forming tube 91, the tabs 96 retain their position in their respective holes 93. Likewise, the diverter plate tab 95 retains its position in the tab guide 97.
As with the previous embodiments of the invention described above, either of the previously described gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 (i.e., stationary or pivoting) may be used in conjunction with the quick change module to form a crease in the tube of packaging film. In addition, the module embodiment illustrated also incorporates a diverter 161. The diverter is used in combination with the diverter tongue 163 to keep product away from the vertical gusset areas. This diverter 161 can likewise be used as a gas flushing channel in addition to serving the purpose of keeping product away from the gussets formed by the forming plates 104A, as previously described above.
Also, as with previous embodiments, the forming plates 104A can swing towards each other by rotating about a hinge 165A. This hinge 165A comprises a bolt 167 about which a shoulder 169 rotates. The shoulder 169 is in turn attached to the forming plates 104A. This arrangement allows for the forming plates 104A to rotate about the bolts 167 and avoid ripping of the packaging film when the transverse seals are being formed below the forming plates by the transverse seal jaws (not shown).
While the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9a, 9b, and 9c is used for constructing vertical stand-up pouches, it should be understood that a second embodiment of the module 94 having the forming plates 104A, diverter 161, diverter tongue 163, and all accompanying components being duplicated on the side of the module 94 presently illustrated with the tension bar 102A, can be used to manufacture flat bottom bags. In other words, the flat bottom bag embodiment of the module can be easily understood by drawing a vertical line down the center of FIG. 9b. All of the components on the right-hand side of such vertical line are then reproduced in mirror image on the left-hand side of the vertical line, thereby replacing the tension bar 102A elements with another pair of forming plates and the diverter tongue, etc.
While, individual quick change modules may be constructed, each having a distinct or fixed spacing between the hinges of the forming plates, in another embodiment the quick change module of the present invention features forming plates that are adjustable relative to one another. That is, instead of the spacing between the horizontal hinges being fixed, this embodiment features converging slotted brackets which allow the position of each forming plate to be selectively adjusted, thereby modifying the spacing between the forming plates. The adjustable forming plates enable a single vertical form, fill and seal machine to produce a wide assortment of differently sized bags having gussets of variable depth. In general, the bases of larger sized bags require deeper gussets to enhance the stability characteristics of the bags.
For example, FIGS. 10a-10d illustrate an embodiment of the quick change module 94A of the present invention which features adjustable forming plates and is particularly directed towards producing vertical stand-up pouches. FIG. 10a is a perspective view in elevation of the adjustable quick change module 94A suspended below the bottom of the forming tube 91 shown partially cut away in order to illustrate interior features. FIG. 10b is a sectional view of the same embodiment of said adjustable quick change module 94A shown attached to the bottom of the forming tube 91. The sectional view of FIG. 10b is taken along reference lines 10b-10b of FIG. 10a. FIG. 10c is a reverse perspective view in elevation of the adjustable quick change module 94A. FIG. 10d is a side view in elevation of the same quick change module embodiment.
With reference to FIGS. 10a, 10b, and 10c, it can be seen that the embodiment illustrated shows that the adjustable quick change module 94A comprises a pair of adjustable forming plates 204 and one tension bar 202, which perform the same functions as similar fixed elements with relation to the vertical stand-up pouch as previously described in Section A. The module 94A is attached to the bottom of a forming tube 91, as will be described below. The forming tube 91 illustrated in FIGS. 10a and 10b is shown as a rectangular shape. Consequently, the module 94 is likewise rectangularly shaped. It should be understood, however, that the shape of the forming tube 91 and corresponding shape of the module 94A can be any number of shapes, such as a circle, an oval, a square, or other shapes.
The module 94A, for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b attaches to the bottom of the forming tube 91 by first inserting one or more tabs 96 that are integral to the forming tube into corresponding holes 93a that are integral to the module 94A. The module 94A is thereafter secured by placing a tab 95 that is integral with a diverter plate 161 into a tab guide 97a that is integral with a diverter tongue 263. As is evident from FIG. 10b, this diverter tongue 263 rotates about a pin 268 that extends through a collar 266. When the diverter tongue 263 is rotated in the direction of the arrow illustrated in FIG. 10b, the tab guide 97a is lifted over the tab 95. The tab guide 97a is biased in the opposite direction of the rotation indicated by the arrow in FIG. 10b by a spring 270. Pressure is maintained on the inside area of the forming tube 91 in the vicinity of the tabs 96 by virtue of one or more tongues 264 that fit on the inside opposite wall of the forming tube 91. Consequently, once the module 94A is properly installed on the base of the forming tube 91, the tabs 96 retain their position in their respective holes 93a. Likewise, the diverter plate tab 95 retains its position in the tab guide 97a. 
As with the previous embodiments of the invention described above, either of the previously described gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 (i.e., stationary or pivoting) may be used in conjunction with the quick change module to form a crease in the tube of packaging film. In addition, the module embodiment illustrated also incorporates a diverter 161. The diverter is used in combination with the diverter tongue 263 to keep product away from the vertical gusset areas. This diverter 161 can likewise be used as a gas flushing channel in addition to serving the purpose of keeping product away from the gussets formed by the forming plates 204, as previously described above.
Also as with previous embodiments, the forming plates 204 can swing towards each other by rotating about a hinge 265. This hinge 265 comprises a bolt 267 about which a shoulder 269 rotates. However, in contrast with previously described embodiments, the spacing between forming plates 204 of the embodiment may be adjusted. Each shoulder 269 further includes a slotted bracket 280 that is canted inward from the axis of rotation of bolt 267 towards the centerline 290 of the module face on which the edges of the forming plates 204 are oriented. For example, as shown in FIGS. 10c and 10d, the slotted brackets 280 are each canted approximately 30°-45° from the outer edges of module face towards the centerline 290. Correspondingly, each of the forming plates 204 comprise an attachment tang section 282 which is offset thereby compensating for the canting of the slotted brackets such that the planar surfaces of the forming plates 204 still rotate about the axis of rotation of their respective bolts 267.
Each tang section 282 is coupled to its respective slotted bracket 280 by a fastener mechanism 284 which can be selectively engaged. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 10a-10d, the fastener mechanism 284 comprises a screw which is inserted through the slotted bracket 280 and mounted in a complementary hole formed in tang section 282. When tightened, the screw fastener mechanism 284 fixably clamps the tang section 282 to the slotted bracket 280 effectively coupling each forming plate 204 to its respective shoulder 269. Thus, this arrangement also allows each of the forming plates 204 to rotate about their respective bolts 267 and avoid ripping of the packaging film when the transverse seals are being formed below the forming plates by the transverse seal jaws (not shown). In addition, the shoulder 269 may be biased such that when the transverse seal jaws open the forming plates 204 rotate back to a more vertical orientation as shown in FIG. 10d. In one embodiment, the shoulder 269 includes a counterbalancing weight to provide a biasing force.
As particularly shown in FIG. 10d, the spacing between forming plates 204 can be adjusted by changing the position where each tang section 282 is coupled to its respective slotted bracket 280. In practice, each respective forming plate 204 is typically positioned equidistant from the centerline 290. Thus, when used in conjunction with the previously described method (wherein the orientation of the labeling graphics on the packaging film for is shifted 90° so that the labeling graphics appear sideways as viewed by the operator of the vertical form, fill and seal machine) a wide assortment of differently sized packages having gussets of variable depth may be constructed using the same quick change module and vertical form, fill, and seal machine.
While differently sized packages can be made in accordance with the general method of the invention by simply extending the advance of the tube of packaging film between the transverse seals, in order to provide adequate support, larger sized packages typically require a deeper gusseted base than smaller packages. For example, as shown in FIG. 10d, with the forming plates 204 narrowly spaced (i.e., positioned on their respective slotted bracket 280 at a point closest to the centerline 290), a vertical stand-up pouch having a gusseted base as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b may be formed. The depth of the gusset 176 on the pouch is sufficient to provide adequate stability for the particularly sized package. While the package shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b can be enlarged by simply extending the advance of the tube of packaging film between the transverse seals 131, 133, without a corresponding enlargement of the gusset 176, the stability of the gusseted base is rapidly diminished. Thus, in accordance with the apparatus and method of the present invention and as shown in phantom in FIG. 10d, the spacing between forming plates 204 can be enlarged by positioning each forming plate 204 on its respective slotted bracket 280 at a point farthest to the centerline 290, such that the gusset formed in conjunction with a gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 is enlarged. In addition, the circumference of the tube of packaging film may also be enlarge thereby increasing the volume of the resulting package.
Consequently, as shown in FIG. 7g, a noticeably larger package having an adequately supported base can be formed using the same quick change module 94A and vertical form, fill, and seal machine used to produced the flexible package shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. In accordance with the previously described method, the transverse seals 131, 133 of the pouch are oriented vertically when the bag is stood up on one end. While having essentially the same sized transverse seals 131, 133, as the flexible package shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the vertical stand-up pouch shown in FIG. 7g has a substantially larger volume. Nonetheless, the stability of the larger pouch shown in FIG. 7g is maintained by the enlarged gusseted based formed as a consequence of the deeper gusset 176a. 
While the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10a-10d is used for constructing vertical stand-up pouches, it should be understood that an alternative embodiment of the adjustable module 94A having the adjustable forming plates 204, diverter 161, diverter tongue 263, and all accompanying components being duplicated on the side of the module 94A presently illustrated with the tension bar 202, can be used to manufacture flat bottom bags. In other words, the flat bottom bag embodiment of the module can be easily understood by drawing a vertical line down the center of FIG. 10b. All of the components on the right-hand side of such vertical line are then reproduced in mirror image on the left-hand side of the vertical line, thereby replacing the tension bar 202 elements with another pair of forming plates and the diverter tongue, etc.
Another embodiment of the quick change module which features adjustable forming plates comprises a module that can be installed on the bottom of a forming tube in order to quickly modify a vertical form, fill, and seal machine from the pillow pouch or the stand-up bag production to the production of stand-up packages having a zipper seal incorporated therein.
The quick change modules described herein, used in combination with the previously described gusseting mechanisms 106, 107 (i.e., stationary or pivoting), allows for the rapid conversion of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine from a standard pillow pouch configuration to a selectively variable sized vertical stand-up pouch configuration (or flat bottom bag configuration), or to a configuration for producing selectively variable sized stand-up packages having a zipper seal incorporated therein, and back again in a matter of minutes with several simple steps. Consequently, the invention is an improvement over the prior art in providing a simple, efficient, and effective modification to a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, that allows the operator to manufacture a standard pillow pouch bag, and variably sized vertical stand-up pouch, flat bottom bag, or stand-up packages having a zipper seal incorporated therein with an easy change over and few collateral maintenance issues.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention

## Claims

1. A quick-change module capable of being removably attached to and extending below a forming tube of a vertical form, fill, and seal machine, comprising:
a tubular module body having a periphery which corresponds to said forming tube's periphery;
a first pair of slotted brackets attached to and extending below said module body, said first pair of slotted brackets being oriented at a first converging angle to one another;
a first pair of forming plates corresponding to and selectively attached to said first pair of slotted brackets, wherein each of first pair of forming plates are configurable and attachable at more than one position along its corresponding slotted bracket;
a second pair of slotted brackets attached to and extending below said module body, said second pair of slotted brackets being oriented at a second converging angle to one another; said second pair of slotted brackets positioned on an opposing side of said module body from said first pair of slotted brackets;
a second pair of forming plates corresponding to and selectively attached to said second pair of slotted brackets, wherein each of second pair of forming plates are configurable and attachable at more than one position along its corresponding slotted bracket.

2. The quick-change module of claim 1, wherein each of said slotted brackets is pivotally attached to said module body by a horizontal hinge.

3. The quick-change module of claim 2, wherein said hinges allow for said pairs of forming plates to rotate about said hinges towards each other to compensate for the narrowing of a packaging tube during formation of a transverse seal.

4. The quick-change module of claim 2, wherein each of said forming plates comprise a planar surface having a tang section at one end for attaching to said corresponding slotted bracket, said tang section being offset angularly from said planar surface to compensate for said converging angle thereby allowing each planar face to rotate about a pivotal axis of said hinge.

5. The quick-change module of claim 2, wherein each of said horizontal hinges comprise shoulder element pivotally attached to a bolt, wherein said bolts are fixably attached to said module body.

6. The quick-change module of claim 5, wherein each of said shoulder elements includes a counterbalancing weight bias.

7. The quick-change module of claim 1, wherein said converging angles range from about 30° to about 45°.

8. The quick-change module of claim 1, wherein said quick-change module body is attachable to said forming tube by inserting tabs that are integral to said forming tube into corresponding holes that are integral to said module body.