Affirmed and Opinion Filed August 17, 2018.

In The

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-17-00487-CV

MICHELE JACKSON, Appellant

V.

MOTEL 6 AKA MOTEL 6 OPERATING LP, MOTEL 6 GP, AKA G6 HOSPITALITY 

LLC DBA MOTEL 6, KRUPALAXMI, LP AKA MOTEL 6 OF DALLAS, ACCOR

FRANCHISING NORTH AMERICA, LLC AKA G6 HOSPITALITY FRANCHISING, 

LLC, Appellees

On Appeal from the 116th Judicial District Court

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-14742

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Lang-Miers, Evans, and Schenck

Opinion by Justice Evans

In the underlying proceeding, appellant Michele Jackson alleged that she was sexually 

assaulted by a hotel manager while staying at a Motel 6 in Dallas, Texas, and she sought to hold 

appellees Motel 6 Operating L.P. (“Motel 6 Operating”), G6 Hospitality LLC (“G6 Hospitality”),

Krupalaxmi, L.P. d/b/a Motel 6 of Dallas (“Krupalaxmi”), and Accor Franchising North America, 

LLC n/k/a G6 Hospitality Franchising LLC (“G6 Franchising”) liable for her alleged personal 

injuries. On appeal, Jackson contends the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for 

appellees and abused its discretion by denying Jackson leave to file a late response to appellees’ 

no-evidence motions for summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
–2–

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Jackson maintains that a manager employed by Motel 6 sexually assaulted her at a Motel 

6 located at 8510 East R.L. Thornton Freeway in Dallas, Texas, on or about September 25, 2015. 

Jackson sued Motel 6 Operating and G6 Hospitality in December 2015, alleging that they 

negligently hired, supervised, trained, or retained the unidentified employee and such negligence 

proximately caused her injury (“the negligent hiring claim”). Jackson added Krupalaxmi as a 

defendant in her first amended petition. 

On July 8, 2016, Motel 6 Operating and G6 Hospitality filed their traditional motion for 

summary judgment. They passed the hearing on that motion, however, when Jackson failed to file 

a timely-response and, instead, filed a motion to continue the hearing, a motion for leave to file a 

late response to the motion, and a third amended petition. In her third amended petition, Jackson 

added G6 Franchising as a defendant and also added a “partnership” claim against all defendants 

in which she alleged they worked as a partnership and, therefore, were vicariously liable for each 

other’s actions. 

On September 2, 2016, Motel 6 Operating and G6 Hospitality filed their First Amended 

Traditional and No Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment. In the traditional motion, they 

argued that judgment should be rendered in their favor because they owed no legal duty to Jackson 

as to her negligent hiring claim and they created no partnership with G6 Franchising or Krupalaxmi 

for the operation of the motel. In the no evidence motion, they asserted there was no evidence on 

any of the elements of the negligent hiring claim or the partnership claim. As with the first motion 

for summary judgment, Jackson did not file a timely-response to the first amended motion. 

Instead, on September 22, 2016, which was the eve of the summary judgment hearing, Jackson 

moved for leave to file a late response to the motion and moved to continue the summary judgment 
–3–

hearing. She also filed her fifth amended petition, in which she added a vicarious liability claim 

based on apparent authority against all defendants. 

The trial court granted the First Amended Traditional and No-Evidence Motion for 

Summary Judgment by written order on September 23, 2016 and rendered a take nothing judgment 

against Jackson as to her negligent hiring and partnership claims against Motel 6 Operating and 

G6 Hospitality. On November 30, 2016, the trial court modified the summary judgment order to 

make it a partial summary judgment order and to clarify that Jackson’s apparent authority vicarious 

liability claim against Motel 6 Operating and G6 Hospitality remained pending. 

On March 10, 2017, G6 Franchising and Krupalaxmi filed a no-evidence motion for 

summary judgment as to all of Jackson’s claims against them. The same day, Motel 6 Operating 

and G6 Hospitality also filed a no-evidence motion for summary judgment motion as to Jackson’s 

remaining apparent authority vicarious liability claim. On March 14, 2017, appellees requested 

leave of court to have the no-evidence summary judgment motions heard within 30 days of trial. 

On March 30, 2017, the trial court granted appellees’ motion for leave and appellees notified 

Jackson of the April 28, 2017 summary judgment hearing by e-mail and through an e-filed notice 

of hearing. 

The day before the scheduled hearing, Jackson filed a motion for leave to file a late 

response to the motions. Contemporaneously, Jackson filed a late response to appellees’ noevidence motions for summary judgment. In support of her motion for leave, Jackson’s counsel 

averred that Jackson encountered computer and transportation problems that hindered her ability 

to timely provide summary judgment evidence to counsel. Jackson also argued that she was 

provided only three days to prepare her responses to the motions because she did not receive the 

deposition transcripts of corporate representatives until April 18, 2017, three days before the April 

21, 2017 deadline to respond to the motions. 
–4–

The trial court signed a “Final Summary Judgment” on May 2, 2017 without explicitly 

ruling on Jackson’s motion for leave to file a late response. The Final Summary Judgment granted 

appellees’ no-evidence motions for summary judgment, and ordered Jackson to take nothing as to 

her claims against the appellees. The judgment also states that all relief requested by Jackson that 

is not expressly granted is denied and that the judgment finally disposes of all claims against all 

defendants and is appealable. Jackson now appeals the May 2, 2017 Final Summary Judgment.

ANALYSIS

On appeal, Jackson presents two issues: (1) the trial court erred in granting summary 

judgment in favor of appellees because Jackson raised a genuine issue of material fact on the 

elements of her claims in her late-filed response, and (2) the trial court abused its discretion by 

denying her leave to file a late response to appellees’ no-evidence motions for summary judgment. 

We address Jackson’s issues in reverse order. 

A. Denial of motion for leave to file late response

In her second issue, Jackson argues the trial court abused its discretion by denying her 

motion for leave to file a late response to appellees’ no-evidence motions for summary judgment. 

Appellees argue that Jackson waived this complaint by failing to obtain a ruling on her motion for 

leave. 

To preserve a complaint for appellate review, the record must show the complaint was 

made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion that was sufficiently specific, and 

the trial court (1) ruled on the request, objection, or motion either expressly or implicitly or 

(2) refused to rule on the request, objection, or motion, and the complaining party objected to the 

refusal. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a); see also Duncan-Hubert v. Mitchell, 310 S.W.3d 92, 99 (Tex. 

App.—Dallas 2010, pet. denied). In other words, “Rule 33.1(a) requires a timely and ruled-upon 
–5–

objection to preserve error.” Seim v. Allstate Tex. Lloyds, No. 17-0488, 2018 WL 3189568, at *3 

(Tex. June 29, 2018) (per curiam).

Here, Jackson filed a motion for leave and a response to appellees’ no-evidence motions 

for summary judgment less than seven days of the scheduled hearing. See TEX.R.CIV. P. 166a(c). 

Appellees objected to Jackson’s motion for leave and late-filed response. Although the record 

contains no order granting or denying Jackson’s motion for leave, the Final Summary Judgment 

specifically stated the trial court “examined the timely pleadings filed in this matter,” and 

determined appellees were entitled to summary judgment on all of Jackson’s claims. We will 

assume without deciding that the order stating expressly that the trial court only considered timelyfiled pleadings implicitly denied Jackson’s motion for leave to file a late response.1

On the merits of Jackson’s contention, we review a trial court’s ruling on a motion for leave 

to file a late summary-judgment response for an abuse of discretion. Carpenter v. Cimarron 

Hydrocarbons Corp., 98 S.W.3d 682, 686–87 (Tex. 2002). A trial court abuses its discretion when 

it reaches a decision so arbitrary and unreasonable without reference to any guiding rules or 

principles. Id. (citing Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241–42 (Tex. 

1985)). 

Except on leave of court, a party opposing summary judgment may file a response “not 

later than seven days prior to the day of hearing.” TEX.R.CIV. P. 166a(c). A trial court may permit 

an act to be done after a period prescribed in other procedural rules upon a showing of “good 

cause.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 5. A motion for leave to file a late summary-judgment response should be 

granted when the nonmovant establishes good cause by showing that the failure to timely file a 

response (1) was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference, but the result of an accident 

 

1 Summary judgment motions, responses, and evidence are not pleadings, so the statement may not relate to 

Jackson’s motion for leave to late-file her response.
–6–

or mistake, and (2) that allowing the late response will occasion no undue delay or otherwise injure 

the party seeking summary judgment. Carpenter, 98 S.W.3d 682 at 687–88.

Appellees filed the no-evidence motions for summary judgment on March 10, 2017. On 

March 30, 2017, the trial court set the summary judgment hearing for April 28, 2017. Jackson 

received notice of the hearing date on March 30, 2017 and does not dispute that she received the 

required twenty-one days’ notice of the hearing date. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Jackson’s 

response was due April 21, 2017. TEX.R.CIV. P. 166a(c). As she did with the two, prior summary 

judgment proceedings, Jackson again failed to timely-file a response to the motions and, instead, 

filed a motion for leave to file a late response with the response the day before the hearing.

Jackson complains that the trial court should have granted leave because Jackson was not 

given the full amount of time in which to respond. Specifically, Jackson maintains that she was 

afforded only three days to prepare a response because appellees’ corporate representatives could 

not be deposed until April 10, 2017, she needed the deposition transcripts to reply to the motions, 

and she did not receive copies of the deposition transcripts. Although her counsel knew of these 

potential time constraints well in advance of the hearing, Jackson did not seek leave to continue 

the April 28, 2017 hearing or to file a late response until the day before the hearing.

The rules of civil procedure require only twenty-one days’ notice of a summary judgment 

hearing. Jackson received eight days’ more than the required notice and knew that the corporate 

representatives’ depositions could not take place until April 10, 2017. Yet, Jackson failed to timely 

take any steps to seek a continuance of the hearing or response deadline. Instead, as she had done 

on two prior occasions, she waited until the eve of the hearing to seek relief from the trial court. 

Moreover, the record reflects Jackson was aware of the need to provide evidence based on 

corporate witnesses’ testimony well before the April 28, 2017 hearing. As grounds for her August 

3, 2016 motion for continuance, Jackson indicated she needed to depose “[corporate] 
–7–

representatives to ascertain the extent of the partnership relationship among the Defendants and 

KRUPALXMI,LP,” and that the “nature of the partnership goes to the heart of [her] case.” 

Similarly, in Jackson’s March 14, 2017 Motion to Continue, she stated depositions of corporate 

witnesses were necessary to the determination of her apparent authority claim. Importantly, 

Jackson neither claimed surprise nor objected to the scheduled April 28, 2017 hearing. Under this 

record, we conclude Jackson did not establish good cause to allow a late response. As such, the 

trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Jackson’s motion for leave to file a late response.

B. Grant of summary judgment

In her first issue, Jackson contends the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in 

favor of appellees because she raised a genuine issue of material fact on the elements of her claims 

in her late-filed response. We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Buck 

v. Palmer, 381 S.W.3d 525, 527 (Tex. 2012). No-evidence motions are reviewed under the same 

legal sufficiency standard as a directed verdict. Merriman v. XTO Energy, Inc., 407 S.W.3d 244, 

248 (Tex. 2013). Thus, the non-movant must produce more than a scintilla of evidence to 

support each challenged element of its claims. See id. Under that standard, we view the 

evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant, crediting evidence a reasonable jury 

could credit and disregarding contrary evidence and inferences unless a reasonable jury could 

not. Id.

Where, as here, a party filed a motion that identifies the elements for which it contends

no supporting evidence exists, in a form that is neither conclusory nor a general no-evidence 

challenge, summary judgment must be rendered absent a timely and legally adequate response 

by the nonmovant. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); B.C. v. Steak N Shake Ops., Inc., 532 S.W.3d 

547, 549–50 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2017, pet. filed) (op. on remand) (citing Landers v. State 

Farm Lloyds, 257 S.W.3d 740, 746 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (op. on 
–8–

reh’g)). Except on leave of court, a response to a motion for summary judgment, including 

opposing summary judgment evidence, must be filed no later than the seventh day before the 

date of the hearing. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). If the response is late, the record must contain an 

affirmative indication that the trial court permitted the late filing or the response is a nullity. 

Steak N Shake Ops., 532 S.W.3d at 550. If the record contains nothing indicating the trial court 

considered a late-filed response, we presume the trial court did not consider it, and the response 

will not be considered on appeal. Id. (citing Benchmark Bank v. Crowder, 919 S.W.2d 657, 663 

(Tex. 1996)). 

Here, appellees’ no-evidence motions identified the elements of Jackson’s claims and 

asserted there was no evidence of any of the elements of those claims. Jackson argues she 

presented sufficient evidence on each element of her claims to defeat the motions and directs 

us to evidence contained in her response. We have already affirmed the trial court’s implicit 

denial of Jackson’s motion for leave to late-file her response, so her responsive evidence is 

presumed not to have been considered by the trial court. The absence of a timely and legally 

sufficient response to the no-evidence motions required the trial court to grant summary 

judgment in favor of appellees. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); see also Steak N Shake 

Operations, 532 S.W.3d at 549–50; Landers, 257 S.W.3d at 746. Accordingly, we conclude 

the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of appellees and overrule 

Jackson’s first issue.

CONCLUSION

For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

170487F.P05

/David Evans/

DAVID EVANS

JUSTICE
–9–

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

JUDGMENT

MICHELE JACKSON, Appellant

No. 05-17-00487-CV V.

MOTEL 6 AKA MOTEL 6 OPERATING 

LP, MOTEL 6 GP, AKA G6 

HOSPITALITY LLC DBA MOTEL 6, 

KRUPALAXMI, LP AKA MOTEL 6 OF 

DALLAS, ACCOR FRANCHISING 

NORTH AMERICA, LLC AKA G6 

HOSPITALITY FRANCHISING, LLC, 

Appellees

On Appeal from the 116th Judicial District 

Court, Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-14742.

Opinion delivered by Justice Evans. 

Justices Lang-Miers and Schenck 

participating.

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is 

AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 17th day of August, 2018.