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RICH AVIATION SERVICES

CITATION SINGLE PILOT

TRAINING PROGRAM

Reference: FAA Exemption 6480
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SINGLE PILOT TRAINING PROGRAM

1. General:

The single pilot training program required by Exemption 6480 consists of ground, 

simulator and/or airplane instruction. The training program for initial and renewal 

applicants is the same with the exception that the LOFT (Line Oriented Flight 

Training) training is not required for renewal. The testing for initial and renewal 

applicants is different which will be addressed in the following document.

a. The ground training consists of 10 hours of instruction covering the airplane 

systems, weight and balance, and performance. Two additional hours of 

instruction cover the conditions and limitation of Exemption 6480, as 

amended, Single Pilot Flight Management and High Altitude Aerodynamics. 

The Citation 500 series aircraft do not exhibit any adverse special flight 

characteristics therefore this type of training is not addressed in this training 

program. A differences training course is also required when the aircraft 

and/or simulator is a different model from the airplane to be flown or single 

pilot authorization is sought for more than one model Citation 500.

b. The flight instruction is programmed for 8 hours of flight time. The flight 

tasks will include the maneuvers and procedures specified in Exemption 6480 

and all tasks listed in the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating 

Practice Test Standards. An additional 2 hour aircraft and/or simulator Line 

Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) period of instruction required for initial 

applicants and optional for renewal applicants will include an IFR route 

segment with operation at an altitude that is at least 80% of the maximum 

certificated altitude, with landings at two different points, taking into 

consideration takeoff and landing performance requirements.

c. When simulators are utilized for training, airplane instruction may be utilized 

for those maneuvers and procedures that are not permitted to be completed in 

a Level A simulator. The airplane training may also include left and right 

circling approaches, if the simulator used for training is not authorized for left 

and right circling approaches. Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) may 

also be accomplished in an airplane if the applicant desires. The airplane 

instruction may be completed before or after the simulator training and 

testing. However, the single pilot authorization will be withheld until any 

required airplane flight training is completed.
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d. On completion of the single pilot training course, the pilot will receive a 

certificate of training for the models in which training was received and 

whether circling training was completed.

e. The following definitions apply when the word “model” is used within this 

exemption:

i. CE-500/CE-501 are considered one model.

ii. CE-550/CE-551 are considered on model.

iii. CE-S550 is a separate model.

iv. CE-552 is a separate model.

v. CE-560 is a separate model.

2. Course Objectives:

To train the CE-500 type rated pilot to proficiency in single pilot operations in the 

Cessna Citation airplane. The opportunity provides for demonstration, instruction, 

and practice of the maneuvers and procedures pertinent to the Citation 500 series 

aircraft. At the end of the flight training curriculum, the pilot will be able to safely 

and efficiently operate the aircraft and perform the appropriate pilot duties and 

responsibilities as a single pilot. Single pilots will practice the elements of crew 

resource management as a single pilot and will be prepared for a practical test 

administered in accordance with the requirements of Exemption 6480 and the Airline 

Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards, as a single pilot.

3. Training Requirements: 

The entire single pilot training program given by a flight instructor employed by Rich 

Aviation Services who meets the requirements of exemption 6480 may be completed 

in either a Cessna 500 series make and model airplane and/or:

a. An approved Level B, C, or D flight simulator, provided the applicant has 

performed three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop as the sole 

manipulator of the flight controls in the specific Cessna 500 series make and 

model airplane for which differences training is received, within the preceding 

90 days, (see differences training) or;
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b. An approved Level A flight simulator, provided the applicant accomplishes 

the following maneuvers and procedures in either an approved Level B, C, or 

D Citation 500 series flight simulator for which differences training has been 

received or, the specific Cessna 500 series make and model airplane or model 

for which differences training is received in flight under the supervision of a 

flight instructor qualified to instruct under the approved single pilot training 

program, either in conjunction with the training program or within the 

preceding 90 days (see differences training);

i. Preflight Inspection

ii. Taxing

iii. Normal Takeoff

iv. Crosswind Takeoff

v. ILS Approach

vi. Missed Approach

vii. Simulated Engine Failure

viii. Normal Landing

ix. Crosswind Landing

x. Landing with Simulated Engine Failure

c. For initial applicants, the landings required in paragraphs 3(a) may be 

completed as part of the required airplane practical test after the simulator 

training is completed.

d. For initial applicants using a Level A simulator, if the flight maneuvers 

required in paragraph 3b are not completed in an approved Level B, C, or D 

flight simulator, they may be completed in conjunction with the required 

practical test after the simulator training is completed if the maneuvers are 

trained first and separately from the practical test.
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e. For renewal applicants, the maneuvers required in paragraph 3(b) may be 

completed at the conclusion of the simulator training and testing is a Level A 

simulator is used. Demonstration of circling approaches may be completed at 

the same time if not completed in the simulator, if the flight is conducted with 

a qualified FAA designated pilot examiner.

4. Circling Approach Authorization:

Circling approaches must be accomplished in both a left and right pattern. The 

circling approach maneuvers training and testing may be accomplished in flight in an 

airplane or in an approved flight simulator that has a visual system that will allow for 

the airport environment to remain in sight throughout the maneuver. If an applicant 

completes the single pilot training program in a flight simulator is not approved for 

circling approaches, the applicant’s records will be annotated with the statement, and 

“Demonstration of circling approach was not accomplished”. If the person 

subsequently completes the circling approach training and testing, the endorsement 

will be revised to authorize circling approaches.

5. Training Program Completion Standards:

At the completion of the Approved Rich Aviation Services Citation Single Pilot 

Training Program the single pilot applicant shall be able to demonstrate to the 

Administrator (appropriately rated FAA Inspector), appropriately rated Proficiency 

Examiner (PPE) or Training Center Evaluator (TCE) who is authorized to conduct 

either 14CFR 61.58 proficiency checks or type rating practical test in CE-500 series 

aircraft or simulators as appropriate normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures 

and checklist in a timely and sequentially correct manner, and perform all the 

maneuvers and procedures in accordance with Exemption 6480 and the Airline 

Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards. This will allow for 

the issuance of a 14CFR 61.58 endorsement as well as a Rich Aviation Services

Single Pilot Authorization.

The minimum acceptable performance standards in this curriculum are specified in 

the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standard, FAA-S8081-5D, as amended.
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6. Testing Requirements:

a. Pilots seeking their initial single pilot authorization must satisfactorily 

complete the approved single pilot training program. Then within 10 days of 

the training completion, successfully accomplish the final practical test in the 

specific Cessna 500 series make and model airplane or model for which 

differences training has been received, administered by an FAA designated 

pilot examiner or FAA inspector who is authorized to conduct CE-500 type 

examinations. The test will be conducted in accordance with Exemption 6480 

and all pertinent tasks listed in the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type 

Rating Practical Test Standards as a single pilot. If circling authorization is 

desired, proficiency in circling approaches must be demonstrated to the left 

and to the right.

b. Pilots seeking renewal of their single pilot authorization must satisfactorily 

complete the approved single pilot training course. Within 10 days of the 

training completion, the applicant must satisfactorily accomplish a practical 

test administered by an FAA-designated pilot examiner or FAA inspector who 

is authorized to conduct CE-500 type examinations. The practical test will be 

conducted in accordance with Exemption 6480 and all pertinent tasks listed in 

the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards 

as a single pilot. If circling authorization is desired, proficiency in circling 

approaches will be demonstrated to the left and to the right. The authorization 

renewal practical test may conducted entirely in one of the following three 

methods:

i. In flight in the specific Cessna 500 series make and model airplane, or 

other model for which differences training is received, or;

ii. In an approved Level B, C, or D flight simulator, provided the 

applicant has completed three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop 

as the sole manipulator of the flight controls in the specific Cessna 500 

series make and model airplane or other model for which differences 

training is received, or;

iii. In an approved Level A flight simulator, provided the applicant 

accomplishes the following maneuvers and procedures in either an 

approved Level B, C, or D Citation 500 series flight simulator for 

which differences training has been received or in the specific Cessna 

500 series make and model airplane or other model for which 
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differences training is received, in flight under the supervision of a 

flight instructor qualified to instruct under the single pilot training 

program, either in conjunction with the training program or within the 

preceding 90 days;

1. Preflight Inspection

2. Taxing

3. Normal Takeoff

4. Crosswind Takeoff

5. ILS Approach

6. Missed Approach

7. Simulated Engine Failure

8. Normal Landing

9. Crosswind Landing

10. Landing with Simulated Engine Failure

c. Pilots who have allowed their authorization to elapse for less than 12 months 

are considered as renewal applicants. If the renewal has not been completed 

within the 24 months of the latest renewal, the applicant must complete the 

initial program.

7. Authorization:

Upon successful completion of the practical test, the pilot will receive a Citation 

Single Pilot Authorization valid for 12 months for the specific make and model 

airplane in which competency in single pilot operations was demonstrated (see 

differences training). The authorization will also state whether circling approaches 

are authorized. Successful completion of the practical test will also satisfy the 

requirements of 14CFR 61.58 if required by the pilot candidate. The pilot who 

renews the single pilot authorization in the calendar month before or after the 
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calendar month in which it is due is considered to have renewed the single pilot 

authorization when due.

8. Differences Training:

a. A person may train in a model Citation 500 series aircraft and/or flight 

simulator different from the model Citation to be flown if a Rich Aviation 

Services FAA accepted training program for the specific model Citation 500 

series aircraft and/or flight simulator is completed, and the pilot receives a 

differences training course as outlined later in this Rich Aviation Services

FAA accepted training program for the specific model Citation to be flown.

b. The takeoffs and landings required to use an approved Level B, C, or D 

Citation 500 series flight simulator for training and testing may be 

accomplished in any Citation 500 series model for which differences training 

is received. The flight maneuvers required to use a Level A Citation 500 

series simulator may be accomplished in any Citation 500 series model 

airplane or approved Level B, C, or D Citation 500 series simulator for which 

differences training was received.

c. A person who satisfactorily completes a Rich Aviation Services FAA 

accepted single pilot training program for one model Citation and completes 

the Rich Aviation Services FAA accepted differences training for a different 

model will be qualified to fly all models of Citation for which differences 

training was received.

d. When the systems lectures for more than one model Citation 500 are 

combined, credit may be taken for integrated differences in lieu of a separate 

differences course for the subjects taught. A separate course will be provided 

for the subjects not taught in combined classes.
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INITIAL AND RENEWAL

AIRCRAFT GROUND TRAINING

1. Objective:

Provide the pilot with the necessary knowledge for understanding the basic functions of 

aircraft systems, the use of the individual system controls, and the integration of aircraft 

systems with operational procedures.

2. Duration: 10 Hours

3. Aircraft Systems Modules:

a. Aircraft General

b. Electrical

c. Fuel

d. Engines

e. Fire Protection

f. Hydraulics General

g. Thrust Reversers

h. Landing Gear and Brakes

i. Flight Controls

j. Ice and Rain Protection

k. Pneumatics/Air Conditioning

l. Pressurization

m. Oxygen

n. Lighting/Miscellaneous

o. Avionics Systems

p. Aircraft Performance

q. Weight and Balance

r. Any and all ground instruction required by Exemption 6480
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INITIAL AND RENEWAL

EXEMPTION REQUIREMENTS

1. Objective:

To provide the pilot with the necessary knowledge of the conditions and limitation of 

Exemption 6480, as amended, single pilot flight management, high altitude 

aerodynamics, and physiology to safely operate as a single pilot. The airplane does not 

exhibit any adverse flight characteristics.

2. Duration: 2 hours

3. Conditions and Limitations of Exemption 6480, as amended:

a. Part 91 Operations only.

b. Applicable only to Cessna Citation 500, 550, S550, 552 and 560.

c. Complete FAA approved Single Pilot Training Program

i. Ground School Training – per FAA AFS-800 approved training program.

ii. Flight Training and LOFT – per the FAA AFS-800 approved training 

program.

iii. Level B, C, or D simulator requires three takeoffs and landings to a full 

stop in the specific model Citation or any model for which differences 

training is received.

iv. Level A simulator requires completion of specific maneuvers in the 

specific Citation 500 airplane, or any model for which differences training 

is received or in an approved Level B, C, or D Citation simulator and or 

aircraft in which differences training is received.

d. Experience/Qualification per Exemption 6480.

i. ATP or Commercial Certificate with Airplane, Instrument and CE-500 

Type Rating.
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ii. Pilot Time

1. 1000 hours total time.

2. 75 hours instrument, 40 hours weather.

3. 50 hours night.

4. 500 hours as PIC or CP in turbojet or turbine powered airplanes.

e. Flight Check Requirements

i. Exemption 6480 and all tasks listed in the Airline Transport Pilot and 

Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards.

ii. Simulator/flight check: Must be completed within 10 days of training 

completion:

1. Initial – Full check in aircraft.

2. Renewal – Full Check in aircraft or approved flight simulator 

provided certain flight requirements are met.

f. Airplane equipment requirements per Exemption 6480.

i. Autopilot with approach coupling.

ii. Flight Director System.

iii. Boom Microphone.

iv. Transponder IDENT switch on pilot’s control wheel.

g. Circling Approach Minimums per Exemption 6480 – 200 feet and 1 mile above 

published minimums for first 100 hours of single pilot operations in CE-500 

series airplanes.

h. Straight-In Instrument Approach Minimums per Exemption 6480 – 100 feet and 

1⁄2 mile above published minimums for first 100 hours of single pilot operations in 

CE-500 series airplanes.

i. Copy of Exemption 6480 required on airplane.

j. Exemption 6480 provisions not transferable.
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k. Provide Rich Aviation Services with number of flight hours and purpose of flight 

and name of individual administering the flight check and location.

l. Training and testing in month before or month after is same as if completed in 

month due.

m. Circling approach authorization requires training and testing in the aircraft, or in 

an approved flight simulator that allows the pilot to use the same skills required in 

the aircraft, i.e. to maintain continuous visual contact with the airport 

environment. Training and testing is required in both a left and right pattern.

n. A pilot may receive single pilot training in an aircraft and/or flight simulator of a 

model different from the one flown if differences training for the model flown is 

received.

o. A pilot may be authorized to fly all model Citations for which an approved 

differences training is received.

p. Exemption expiration date.

4. Single Pilot Flight Management, High Altitude Aerodynamics and Physiology

a. Single Pilot Flight Management

i. Specific Flight Management Emphasis Items

1. Aircraft Configuration and Equipment

The pilot must occupy the left seat with the flight director, 

autopilot and approach coupler operational for all operations. The 

pilot must use an operational boom microphone and have a 

transponder IDENT switch installed on the pilot’s control yoke.

2. Briefing of Persons Carried in the Right Pilot Seat

When the right pilot seat is occupied, the seat belt and shoulder 

harness must be fastened at all times. The occupant must be 

briefed on the use of the oxygen system and mask, how to evacuate 
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the aircraft on command, and other areas deemed appropriate by 

the pilot based on the occupant’s ability.

3. Pilot Use of Oxygen Mask

Non-quick donning masks must be worn around the neck in the 

ready position at FL 250 and above. Above FL 350, the mask 

must be ON. Quick-donning mask must be on above FL 350.

4. Use of Autopilot

The pilot must have a fully functioning autopilot, controllable 

about the three axes and capable of approach coupling. The pilot 

should use the autopilot to the maximum extent possible from 400 

feet AGL and above after takeoff and down to the lowest allowable 

altitude specified in the AFM when practical.

5. Use of Checklist and Communications Equipment

Specific instruction will be given in single pilot checklist 

procedures. During the emergency or abnormal situation, 

accomplishment of the abnormal or emergency checklist items will 

be verified using the appropriate follow-up checklist when the pilot 

workload permits.

Training will stress the proper use of all navigation and 

communications equipment installed. This training will include 

switch position verifications and pre-selection of communications 

frequencies in the order of use prior to beginning various trip 

segments to include before start, departure, and approach and 

landing.

6. Copy of Exemption 6480

A copy of Exemption No. 6480 and applicable amendments will be 

provided to each person who is authorized to operate under the 

provisions of that exemption. Each pilot will carry a copy of 

Exemption No. 6480 and applicable amendments on board the 

airplane when operating under the provisions of the exemption.
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7. Transfer of Provisions

No operator may transfer the provisions of the exemption when, or 

if ownership or lease of the airplane is relinquished. The provision 

of the exemption qualifies the pilot, not the airplane.

ii. Preflight Planning

iii. Instrument/Visual Scan Techniques

iv. Circling Approaches

v. Emergency Procedures

b. High Altitude Aerodynamics

i. Coffin Corner

ii. High Altitude Performance

c. High Altitude Physiology

i. The Body of Altitude

ii. Use of Oxygen

iii. Emergency Descent
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DIFFERENCES TRAINING

1. Objective:

To acquaint a pilot with the differences between the Citation Aircraft and/or Flight 

Simulator used for training and the specific Cessna 500 series makes and model airplane,

a. In which single pilot authorization is sought, or

b. In which a required flight test is accomplished, or

c. In which landings or other training is to be accomplished.

When single pilot authorization is sought in more than one Cessna 500 series model 

airplane, this course is required to acquaint the pilot with the differences between the 

Citation aircraft and or simulator and any different models for which single pilot 

authorization is sought.

2. Duration: 

The duration of the course is dependent on the model of Citation aircraft and/or flight 

simulator and the model to be flown. The differences in the models for pilots seeking 

authorization in more than one model. Systems, performance, weight, and balance 

limitations generally can be completed in 2 hours. Although all models are addressed in 

this outline, only the models for which the pilot seeks Single Pilot authorization need to 

be covered. The time required for avionics training will depend on the applicant’s 

experience level. Generally a 2 hour lecture should be sufficient for the experienced 

pilot.

3. System Modules:

The following differences must be covered as applicable to the CE-500, 550, S550, 552 

and 560 airplanes.

a. Icing Protection Systems

i. Engaging Anti-Ice

1. System description and controls
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2. Normal operation

3. Abnormal operation

4. Indications

ii. Wing and Tail Anti-Ice/De-Ice

1. System description and controls

2. Normal operation

3. Abnormal operation

4. Indications

iii. Ice Detection Systems (S550 only)

1. Icing detection annunciation operation and test

2. Ice Detect Light

b. Pneumatic and Environmental

i. Type of System (AiResearch/Hamilton-Standard, or specific to model)

ii. System description and controls

iii. Normal operation

iv. Abnormal operation

v. Indications

c. Flaps

i. Power

1. Electric (CE-500, CE-550 and CE-552)

2. Hydraulic (CE-S550 and CE-560)
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ii. System description and controls

iii. Normal operation

iv. Abnormal operation

v. Indications

d. Flight Controls (specific to model)

e. Engines (specific to model)

f. Electrical (specific to model)

i. System description and controls

ii. Normal operation

iii. Abnormal operation

iv. Indications

g. Limitation (specific to model)

i. Weights

ii. Airspeeds

iii. Fuel

iv. Takeoff and Landing

v. Starting

vi. Systems

vii. Miscellaneous
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h. Performance (specific to model)

i. Takeoff

ii. Landing

iii. Weight and Balance

i. Miscellaneous

i. Any additional differences that need to be discussed based on individual 

need.

j. Avionics (specific to model)

i. Mechanical Flight Director

1. System description and controls

2. Normal operation

3. Abnormal operation

4. Indications

ii. EFIS Flight Director and Multifunction Display

1. System description and controls

2. Normal operation

3. Abnormal operation

4. Indications
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iii. Bendix Flight Director

1. Lecture. (Pilots of all experience levels with the Bendix flight 

director.)

a. Components

b. Operations

2. Simulator/Flight Training. (Pilots that do not have experience 

using the Bendix flight director.)

a. If the training center has a simulator that is equipped with a 

Bendix flight director, the applicant will receive 2 hours of 

approach training using the flight director manually, with 

autopilot, and using raw data.

b. If the training center does not have a simulator that is 

equipped with a Bendix flight director, the applicant will 

receive lecture/discussion on approaches using the flight 

director manually, with autopilot and using raw data.
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FLIGHT TRAINING

General:

The aircraft/simulator training is programmed for 8 hours of systems, instrument procedures and 

airwork training that include all of the maneuvers and procedures specified Exemption 6480 and 

all pertinent tasks listed in the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test 

Standards. Training of circling approaches will be flown to both the left and the right. It is 

expected that the initial applicant achieve proficiency in the maneuvers and procedures before 

attempting the LOFT flight. The lessons are designed to allow time for some repeats items, if 

necessary. Additional training may be allowed, if necessary, for the pilot to reach proficiency.

The following aircraft/simulator lessons are submitted as samples of suitable scenarios. The 

order and length to which lessons are presented (Hot Day, Cold Day, etc), and the order in which 

the individual maneuvers are completed, is not critical, but training to proficiency on the required 

maneuvers in Exemption 6480 and all tasks listed in the Airline Transport Pilot and Aircraft 

Type Rating Practical Test Standards must be completed prior to required testing.

The LOFT flight consists of 2 hours of training. The LOFT may be flown in an approved flight 

simulator or an airplane. The training will include an IFR flight segment with operations at an 

altitude at least 80% of the maximum certificated altitude and landings at two different airports, 

taking into consideration takeoff and landing performance requirements.

Note:

Any task specified in the following scenarios that cannot be executed safely in an actual aircraft 

will be simulated to the best of the instructor’s ability without sacrificing safety of flight.
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INITIAL AND RENEWAL

AIRCRAFT/SIMULATOR PERIOD 1

1. Duration: Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Aircraft/Simulator Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objectives:

With the use of the airplane checklist and the aircraft/flight simulator, the pilot will 

practice and demonstrate the following:

a. Complete a TOLD card based on high temperature, pressure altitude, and gross 

weight.

b. Accomplish all normal checklist items.

c. Recognize an abnormal start condition and accomplish the appropriate shutdown 

procedure.

d. Recognize a takeoff abort condition and safely stop the airplane.

e. Perform a takeoff requiring reduced flaps for performance considerations.

f. Locate and correctly accomplish the appropriate checklist for selected electrical

system malfunctions.

g. Locate and correctly accomplish the appropriate checklist for selected fuel 

system.

h. Perform a series of airwork maneuvers to include steep turns, approach to stall 

recoveries, and unusual altitude recoveries.

i. Perform selected instrument approach procedures in accordance with the 

recommendations of the AIM.

j. Perform a circling approach.

k. Perform a visual no flap approach and landing.
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3. Briefing:

a. Brief the objectives and completion standards.

b. Brief the initial weather conditions at the departure and arrival airports.

c. Review and correct as required the TOLD card prepared for the flight by the pilot.

d. Brief each maneuver that is to be accomplished in the lesson. Emphasize 

checklist and procedures including memory items to be used for each maneuver.

e. Review approaches to be flown.

4. Sample Flight Profile:

The instructor may vary the flight profile so the applicant can experience a variety of 

conditions each time the training program is completed as long as the objective is 

fulfilled.

a. Preflight Checklist and Cockpit Preparation

b. Start Checklist – Battery Start

i. Abnormal Warning Test Condition Imposed

ii. Abnormal Start Condition Imposed

c. Taxi Checklist

i. Systems Failure During Taxi (Fuel System Related)

ii. Normalize System After Corrective Action

d. PreTakeoff Checklist
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e. Takeoff

i. Abort Condition Imposed Below VI

ii. Normalize System After Corrective Action

f. Takeoff

i. Zero Degree Flap Takeoff

g. Climb

i. System Malfunction Imposed (Electric System Related)

ii. Normalize System After Corrective Action

h. Level at Maneuvering Altitude

i. Approach to Stall Series

ii. Steep Turns

iii. Unusual Attitude

1. Flight Instrument Failure Condition Imposed

2. Resolve Problem

i. Descent – Track to VOR

j. Imposed Flight Arrival Delay

i. Enter Holding Pattern at VOR

ii. Battery Overheat (Flashing Light – Batt Relay Not Stuck)

k. ADF Approach to Landing with Crosswind

l. Takeoff with Crosswind
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m. Vectors for Non-Precision approach with left circle.

n. After Landing and Engine Shutdown Checklist.

5. Completion Standard

The lesson will be successfully completed when the pilot can identify all procedures 

covered in the pre-briefing, recognize and recover from impending stalls, and employ 

appropriate flight manual procedures in handling the emergency and abnormal conditions 

that occur. Deviations can be expected and must be corrected with instructor assistance 

as required.
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INITIAL AND RENEWAL

AIRCRAFT/SIMULATOR PERIOD 2

1. Duration:

Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Airplane/Simulator Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objectives:

With the use of the airplane checklist and the airplane/flight simulator, the pilot will 

proactive and demonstrate the following:

a. Complete a TOLD card based on icing conditions for takeoff.

b. Accomplish all normal checklists.

c. Complete a briefing for passengers occupying the cabin and co-pilot seat.

d. Accomplish an instrument takeoff with a 100 foot ceiling.

e. Recognize a takeoff abort condition and safely stop the airplane.

f. Recognize an engine failure at V1, complete the takeoff and accomplish the 

engine failure checklist.

g. Accomplish a single engine rejected landing.

h. Complete a published missed approach with holding.

i. Locate and correctly accomplish the appropriate checklist for selected anti-icing 

systems malfunctions.

j. Locate and correctly accomplish the appropriate checklist for selected 

environmental system malfunctions.

k. Accomplish an emergency descent caused by a rapid decompression.
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l. Accomplish a cross cockpit non-precision instrument approach and landing.

m. Perform selected instrument approaches procedures in accordance with the 

recommendations of the AIM.

3. Briefing:

a. Brief the objectives and completion standards.

b. Brief the initial weather conditions at the departure and arrival airports.

c. Review and correct as required the TOLD card prepared for the flight by the pilot.

d. Brief each maneuver that is to be accomplished in the lesson. Emphasize 

checklist and procedures including memory items to be used for each maneuver.

e. Review approaches to be flown.

4. Sample Flight Profile:

The instructor may vary the flight profile so the applicant can experience a variety of 

conditions each time the training program is completed as long as the objectives are 

fulfilled.

a. Brief passengers Occupying Cabin and Co-Pilot Seats.

b. Start/Taxi/Pretakeoff Checklist.

c. Instrument Takeoff/Icing Conditions – Instrument Conditions 100 ft Ceiling.

i. Abort Conditions Imposed

ii. Normalize Condition After full stop.

d. Takeoff

i. Flameout at V1 Imposed and Engine Shutdown procedures

ii. Vectors for ILS (Raise Weather Conditions).

iii. Rejected Landing/Published Missed Approach/Holding.
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iv. Normalize Weather Conditions

v. Emergency Engine Restart Procedures while holding.

e. Climb to Intermediate Altitude

i. Reinstate icing conditions.

ii. Anti-Ice System Failure

iii. Continue Climb to High Altitude Cruise Level

f. At Cruise Flight Level

i. Environmental System Malfunction Imposed

ii. Rapid Decompression

iii. Emergency Descent to 5000 feet/Normalize Conditions

iv. Double Generator Failure

g. VOR Approach and Landing (Cross Cockpit)

i. Fail Wheel Brakes

h. After Landing and Engine Shutdown Checklist.

5. Complete Standards:

The lesson will be successfully completed when the pilot can identify the procedures 

covered in the pre-briefing, employ appropriate flight manual procedures in handling the 

emergency and abnormal conditions that occur. The pilot will strive to meet the 

tolerances outlined in the pertinent Practical Test Standards. Deviations can be expected 

and must be corrected with instructor assistance as required.
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INITIAL AND RENEWAL 

AIRCRAFT/SIMULATOR PERIOD 3

1. Duration:

Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Aircraft/Simulator Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objectives:

With the use of the airplane checklist and the aircraft/flight simulator, the pilot will 

practice and demonstrate the following:

a. Accomplish all normal checklist items.

b. Recognize an abnormal start condition and accomplish the appropriate checklist.

c. Recognize an engine failure at V1, complete the takeoff and accomplish the 

engine failure checklist.

d. Accomplish a single engine rejected landing.

e. Complete a publish missed approach with holding.

f. Complete an auto pilot coupled ILS approach.

g. Perform a visual no flap approach and crosswind landing.

h. Complete circling approaches in both left and right patterns.

i. Perform a crosswind takeoff and landing.

j. Locate and correctly accomplish the appropriate checklist items for selected 

hydraulic failure.
Page	29				

3. Briefing:

a. Brief the objectives and completion standards.

b. Brief the initial weather conditions at the departure and arrival airports.

c. Review and correct as required the TOLD card prepared for the flight by the pilot.

d. Brief each maneuver that is to be accomplished in the lesson. Emphasize 

checklist and procedures including memory items to be used for each maneuver.

e. Review approaches to be flown.

4. Sample Flight Profile:

The instructor may vary the flight profile so the applicant can experience a variety of 

conditions each time the training program is completed as the objectives are fulfilled.

a. Start/Taxi/Pre-Takeoff checklist.

i. Abnormal start condition.

ii. Hydraulic system malfunction imposed.

b. Take-off with Local Area Clearance

i. Engine failure at V1 imposed.

c. Single Engine ILS Approach

i. Rejected landing to published missing approach.

d. Published Missed Approach with Holding

i. In-flight engine restart.

e. Coupled ILS Approach and Landing

i. Engine failure after passing the FAF.
Page	30				

f. Take-off

i. Impose hydraulic level low after landing gear retraction.

ii. Manual gear extension.

iii. Fail flaps if not failed by hydraulic failure.

g. Visual Approach and Landing

h. Take-off with Clearance for a Non-Precision Approach to left circle.

i. Non-Precision Approach to Circle

i. Fail NAV 1.

ii. Fail anti-skid.

j. Crosswind Take-off.

k. GPS Approach with Right Circle and Crosswind Landing.

l. After Landing and Engine Shutdown Checklist.

5. Completion Standard:

The lesson will be successfully completed when the pilot can identify the procedures 

covered in the pre-briefing, and employ appropriate flight manual procedures in handling 

the emergency and abnormal conditions that occur. The pilot will strive to meet the 

tolerances outline in the pertinent Practical Test Standards. Deviation must be corrected 

with instructor assistance as required.
Page	31				

INITIAL AND RENEWAL

AIRCRAFT/SIMULATOR PERIOD 4

1. Duration:

Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Aircraft/Simulator Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objectives: 

With the use of the airplane checklist and the airplane/flight simulator, the pilot will 

practice and demonstrate the following:

a. Complete normal procedures checklist.

b. Perform instrument approaches with avionic failure.

c. Recognize a windshear condition and complete the recommended recovery 

technique.

d. Recognize a flight control malfunction and accomplish the appropriate checklist.

e. Complete a cross cockpit instrument approach and landing.

f. Complete the appropriate checklist for an engine fire condition.

g. Recover from a thrust reverser deployment.

h. Perform selected instrument approach procedures in accordance with the 

recommendation of the AIM.

3. Briefing:

a. Brief the objectives and completion standards.

b. Brief the initial weather conditions at the departure and arrival airports.

c. Review and correct as required the TOLD card prepared for the flight by the pilot.
Page	32				

d. Brief each maneuver that is to be accomplished in the lesson. Emphasize 

checklist and procedures including memory items to be used for each maneuver.

e. Review approaches to be flown.

4. Sample Flight Profile:

The instructor may vary the flight profile so the applicant can experience a variety of 

conditions each time the training program is completed as long as the objectives are 

fulfilled.

a. Start/Taxi/Pretakeoff Checklist

b. Takeoff with Local area Clearance

i. Impose a major malfunction of avionics equipment.

c. ILS Approach and Landing

d. Takeoff into area of thunderstorms.

i. Windshear on takeoff.

e. Vectors of two engines ILS with windshear.

f. Missed approach.

i. Terminate windshear conditions.

ii. Impose a flight control malfunction.

g. Visual Approach

h. Takeoff to Low Altitude Level Off

i. Engine Fire after V1.

ii. Vector ILS Approach.
Page	33				

iii. Single Engine ILS and Landing.

i. Takeoff to Low Altitude VOR Holding.

i. Battery Overheat (Stuck Relay)

ii. Cross Panel VOR Approach and Landing

j. Takeoff with Clearance to the GPS IAF with Right Circle.

i. Thrust Reverser Deployment at Low Altitude Allow Stow.

ii. NDB Approach

iii. Runaway Trim prior to FIX.

k. After landing and Engine Shutdown Checklist.

5. Completion Standards:

The lesson will be satisfactorily completed when the pilot can resolve the abnormal and 

emergency conditions with minimum instructor assistance and meets the proficiency 

requirements and tolerances as outlined in the Practical Test Standard for Airline 

Transport Pilot-airplane, as a single pilot. If the pilot does not meet ATP tolerances by 

the end of the fourth airplane/simulator period, additional instruction will be provided. 

All proficiency requirements and tolerances of the ATP test will be demonstrated before 

any portion of the test or the LOFT are administered.
Page	34				

LINE ORIENTED FLIGHT TRAINING

Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) is a training process that develops essential pilot skills in 

the areas of judgment, decision making, and resource management. The lesson is conducted as a 

standard operational flight. All activities occur in real time. Radio communications, systems 

operation, and air traffic control procedures are a vital part of the training process; therefore, the 

pilot is to function as he/she would during a routine line operation. The pilot will rely solely on 

his/her own initiative and receive no guidance from the instructor. The instructor has a passive 

role during the lesson but will enhance the realism of the flight by providing the functions of air 

traffic control, flight service stations, etc.

The LOFT may be conducted in an approved flight simulator or in an airplane. The LOFT 

scenario of this training plan is an example of the intent of the LOFT. Any number of scenarios 

may be used to fulfill the decision making objective.

The LOFT will include an IFR segment at a flight level at least 80% of the airplane’s certificated 

altitude, with landings at two different airports, taking into consideration takeoff and landing 

performance requirements.

If the LOFT is accomplished in an airplane, one segment may be used to refine a pilot’s 

proficiency in the normally non-operational maneuvers such as approach to stall recoveries, 

single engine operations, no flap landings, etc.

The LOFT in the airplane may be used in conjunction with the mandatory flight items to be 

completed when the training and testing are completed in a Level A flight simulator.
Page	35				

SIMULATOR LOFT

1. Duration:

Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Simulator Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objective:

With the use of the airplane flight simulator, navigational charts and approach plates, 

airplane checklist, the pilot will:

a. Preplan a flight, based on predetermined conditions.

b. Complete all appropriate checklist items necessary for the flight.

c. Decide on the safe and efficient conduct of the flight.

3. LOFT Scenarios: 

a. LOFT scenarios as developed by the instructor.

4. Completion Standard:

The pilot, while operating in the single pilot environment, will complete all normal and 

applicable abnormal checklist items, perform all maneuvers and procedures to the 

tolerances of the pertinent Practice Test Standards.
Page	36				

AIRPLANE LOFT

1. Duration:

Briefing: 0.5 hours 

Flight: 2.0 hours

Debriefing: 0.5 hours 

2. Objective:

With the use of the Citation 500 airplane, navigational charts and approach plates, 

airplane checklist, the pilot will:

a. Preplan a flight, based on predetermined conditions.

b. Complete all appropriate checklists necessary for the flight.

c. Decide on the safe and efficient conduct of the flight.

3. LOFT Scenario:

a. Segment One: IFR flight segment at a flight level at least 80% of the airplane 

certificated altitude.

b. Segment Two:Maneuvers and procedures to refine the pilot proficiency in non 

operational maneuvers.

c. Landings at two different airports, taking into consideration take-off and landing 

performance requirements.

4. Completion Standard:

The pilot while operating in the single pilot environment will complete all normal and 

applicable abnormal checklist items and, perform all maneuvers and procedures to the 

tolerances of the pertinent Practice Test Standards.