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|USDA logo**United 
       States
       Department of
       Agriculture**ARS logo**Agricultural
       Research
       Service**NAL logo**National
       Agricultural
       Library**AWIC logo***Animal 
       Welfare
       Information Center***** | Information Resources on Marine Mammals
       
       AWIC Resource Series No. 35 - August 2006
       
       Dolphins
       
       **Compiled by:**Richard L. Crawford, D.V.M.
       Animal 
         Welfare Information Center
       National Agricultural Library
       U.S. Department of Agriculture
       
       **Published by:**
       
       U. S. Department of Agriculture
       Agricultural Research Service
       National Agricultural Library
       Animal 
         Welfare Information Center
       Beltsville, Maryland 20705
       E-mail: [email protected]
       Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov
       Published in cooperation with the **Virginia-Maryland Regional College
of Veterinary Medicine**
        Policies and Links
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



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### CONTENTS

Introduction **|** Manatees **|** Sea Otters





|Cetaceans                                                   | Pinnipeds                                                  
|----------------------------------------------------------- | -----------------------------------------------------------
|****Acoustics / Communication/ Echolocation / Sounds****    | **Acoustics / Communication / Echolocation / Sounds**      
|**Anatomy / Biology / Physiology / Histology / Morphology** | **Anatomy / Biology / Physiology / Histology / Morphology**
|**Behavior / Stress / Social Structure**                    | **Behavior / Stress / Social Structure**                   
|**Blood / Serum /Heart / Hematology**                       | **Blood / Serum / Heart / Hematology**                     
|**Disease / Parasites / Tumors**                            | **Disease / Parasites / Tumors**                           
|**Diving / Locomotion / Energetics / Hydrodynamics**        | **Diving / Locomotion / Energetics / Hydrodynamics**       
|**Environmental / Contamination / Pollution**               | **Environmental / Contamination / Pollution**              
|**General**                                                 | **General**                                                
|**Noise Pollution / Shipping / Sonar**                      | **Noise Pollution / Shipping / Sonar**                     
|**Nutrition / Diet / Gastroenteric**                        | **Nutrition / Diet / Gastroenteric**                       
|**Public Contact / Tourism / Whale Watching**               | **Public Contact / Tourism / Whale Watching**              
|**Reproduction / Growth / Lactation**                       | **Reproduction / Growth / Lactation**                      
|**Research**                                                | **Research**                                               
|**Strandings**                                              | **Strandings**                                             
|**Veterinary**                                              | **Veterinary**                                             

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### INTRODUCTION



The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) regulates warm-blooded animals used for research, public exhibition, transportation in commerce, or sold in for the whole sale pet trade. Thus, all marine mammals used for public exhibition or research are regulated under the AWA. This includes cetaceans (i.e. whales, dolphins) and pinnipeds (i.e. seals, sea lions, walrus), sea otters, polar bears, and manatees. Most marine mammals in captivity are in marine mammal parks or zoos.  However, a few are also used in scientific research. Dolphins and whales in the wild are also regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service.  Sea otters, walrus, manatees and polar bears in the wild are regulated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The purpose of this resource is to provide additional information on marine mammals in captivity to assist facility personnel in providing proper care, husbandry and nutrition to them.

Information
  on how to request materials that are included in the collection of the
  National Agricultural Library (NAL) may be found on the Document Delivery
Services
  Branch website at http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb.  Please read carefully as there are certain
restrictions on media and
  document types.



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*The Animal Welfare Information Center, [email protected]
   http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/MarineMammals/MarineMammals.htm
   August 29, 2006*