----------------------------------------------------

U.S. Department of Justice 

Office of Justice Programs 

Bureau of Justice Statistics 

A LEMAS Report III 2! 1993 

Sheriffs' Deparfments 1990 

By Brian A. Reaves, Ph.D. 

BJS Statistician 

During 1990 nearly 17,000 publicly funded 

State and local law enforcement agencies 

were operating in the United States. Included In this total were approximately 3,100 

sheriffs' departments. 

•

In July 1990 the Law Enforcement 

Management and Administrative Statistics 

(LEMAS) program of the Bureau of Justice 

Statistics (BJS) surveyed a nationally 

representative sample of law enforcement 

agencies. This report presents data from 

sheriffs' departments on expenditures, 

functions, personnel, salaries, training and 

educational requirements, equipment, 

computerization, programs, and policies. 

Major findings Include the following: 

• During fiscal year 1990, sheriffs' departments had operating expenditures of $9.1 

billion and employed 204,000 persons full 

time. About 69% of these employees were 

sworn officers, and 31 % were civilian 

employees. 

• Almost all sheriffs' departments reported 

performing at least some work related to 

the courts (98%) and to law enforcement 

(97%). About 87% of the departments 

performed some jail-related work. 

• About 84% of the departments estimated 

they spent a third or more of their persona. nel hours on law enforcement activities. 

... About 40% of the departments spent at 

least a third of their time on jail-related 

responsibilities, and 9% spent this much 

time performing court-related duties. 

February 1992 

The Law Enforcement Management 

and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) 

program, begun in 1987, provides a 

detailed portrait of the Nation's law 

enforcement agencies - their sworn 

and civilian personnel, hiring requirements, training, functions, axpendltures, 

and equipment such as sidearms, body 

armor, and computers. 

The findings reported in this Bulletin 

come from sheriffs' departments that 

comprise almost 30% of the agencies 

partiCipating in LEMAS. A companion 

Bulletin on police departments reports 

on the same Issues. We are confident 

that this informaticm, which Is collected 

only through exemplary cooperation by 

law enforcement agencies, is of great 

value to pollcymakers and criminal 

justice administrators. 

Steven D. DIllingham, Ph.D. 

Director 

e Most sheriffs' departments were small: 

nearly two-thirds of them employed fewer 

than 25 sworn officers, and a third employed fewer than 10. About half of the 

departments served a population of less 

than 25,000. 

• Sheriffs' departments serving a population 

of 1 million or more employed & fifth of all 

officers, and departments serving 250,000 

or more residents employed about half of all 

officers. 

• Among sworn personnel in sheriffs' 

departments, 84.5% were white (nonHispanic), 9.8% black (non-Hispanic), 4.7% 

Hispanic, and 1 % were members of other 

minority groups. About 15.4% were 

women. 

• Approxlmataly 93% of sheriffs' departments required new officer recruits to have 

at least a high school diploma, and the 

minimum requirement in another 4% aT the 

departments Included some college education, usually a 2-year degree. 

• About 91n 10 sheriffs' departments had 

formal classroom and field training requirements for new officer recruits. The average 

number of required training hours ranged 

from 400 hours In departments serving 

under 25,000 residents to over 800 hours 

In departments serving a population of 

500,000 or more. 

liI The average starting salary for new officer 

recruits In sheriffs' departments ranged from 

about $26,000 In the largest Jurisdictions 

to about $16,000 in the smallest, with an 

overall departmental average of $17,400. 

• Approximately 74% of sheriffs' departments authorized the use of semiautomatic 

sidearms by their officers. The 9mm was 

the semiautomatic weapon most frequently 

authorized for use. 

• About 21 % of sheriffs' departments 

required all regUlar field officers to wear 

body armor while on duty. Another 6% of 

the departments applied this requirement 

to some, but not all officers. 
Table 1. Slate and local law enforcement agencies In the United States, 1990 

Typeo! Numberof FulI-Ume 

Number of em!,!lo~eea 

Part-time Operating expenditures, 

allenc~ agencies· Tolal Sworn Civilian Tolal Sworn Civ:llan fiscal ~aar 1990 

Tolal 16,961 793,020 595,859 197,151 76,044 35,384 40,660 $41,550,270,000 

Local police 12,288 459,891 363,001 96,890 53,705 24,5:i.:s 29,172 $20,585,981,000 

Sheriff 3,093 203,97'1 141,418 62,556 16,406 9,192 7,214 9,137,209,000 

Special police 1,531 51,825 39,078 12,747 5,129 1,549 3,580 8,137,543,000 

Slate police 49 77,330 52,372 24,958 804 110 694 3,689,537,000 

Tolal 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 

Local police 72.4% 58.0% 60.9% 49.1% 70.6% 69.3% 71.7% 49.5% 

Sheriff 18.2 25.7 .23.7 31.7 21.6 26.0 17.7 22.0 

Special police 9.0 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.7 4.4 8.8 19.6 

Slate police .3 9.8 8.8 12.7 1.1 .3 1.7 8.9 

Note: Local police and State police categories Include only general purpose agencies. Special police category Includes both Slate- and local-level agencies. 

Detall may not add to tolal because of rounding. 

'Except for the State police category, the number of agencies reported here Is an estimate resulting from a weighted sample and Is not an 3xact enumeration. 

The LEMAS survey 

The 1990 Law Enforcement Management 

and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey was mailed to all 780 State and local 

law enforcement agencies with 100 or more 

sworn officers. A sample of 2,338 agencies 

with fewer than 100 officers also received 

the questionnaire. Of the 3,118 recipients 

of the LEMAS questionnaire, 2,945 (94.5%) 

responded. 

The survey used a sampling frame based 

on personnel data from the 1986 Directory 

Survey of Law Enforcement Agencies. 

(Please see Methodology for further 

discussion of sampling.) This was the 

second LEMAS survey. A similar survey 

was conducted In 1987 (Profile of State and 

Local Law Enforcement AgencIes, 1987, 

BJS Bulletin, NCJ-113949). 

This report and a companion Bulletin, State 

and Local Police Departments, 1990, (NCJ133284) present the results of the 1990 

LEMAS data collection. This report focuses 

entirely on sheriffs' departments. 

Sheriffs' departments 

During 1990, an estimated 16,961 State 

and local law enforcement agencies were 

operating In the United States (table 1). 

The estimated 3,093 sheriffs' departments 

accounted for about 18% of the total. 

County governments operated almost all 

of the sheriffs' departments (over 99%), and 

Independent cities, less than 1 %. 

The collective operating expenditure 

of sheriffs' depattments during fiscal year 

1990 was approximately $9 billion, 22% 

of the total operating expenditure for all 

State and local law i3nforcement agencies. 

This was 47% more than In 1987, and 

represented a nationwide expenditure for 

sheriffs' departments of about $63,000 per 

sworn officer. Capital expenditures such 

as equipment purchases and construction 

costs are not Included In these figures. 

On June 30, 1990, the Nation's sheriffs' 

departments employed an estimated 

204,000 persons on a full-time basis ar.d 

another 16,000 on a part-time basis. An 

estimated 141,000 (69%) of the fulHlme 

employees were sworn officers, representIng about a fourth of all fUll-time State and 

local sworn law enforcement personnel. 

Approximately 63,000 full-time civilian 

employees were working for sheriffs' 

departments; they comprised about a third 

of the civilian law enforcement workforce 

nationwide. The largest sheriff's department In the United States was the Los 

Angeles County Sheriff's Department, with 

10,808 fUll-time employees, Including 7,640 

sworn officers. 

2 

Overall, there were 12 sheriffs' departments 

(less than 1 % of all departrfl~nts) that 

employed 1,000 or more sworn officers 

(table 2). About a third of sheriffs' departments employed 25 or more officers. 

Another third employed between 10 and 24 

officers, and the remaining third, fewer than 

10 officers. In contrast to the nearly 1,000 

single-officer local police departments, only 

an estimated 17 sheriffs' departments 

employed just one officer In 1990. 

Table 2. Sheriffs' departments, 

by number of sworn personnel, 1990 

Number of De!,!artments 

sworn personnel Number" Percent 

Tolal 3,093 100% 

1,OOOormore 12 .4% 

500-999 21 .7 

250-499 64 2.1 

100-249 191 6.2 

50-99 295 9.5 

25-49 522 16.9 

10-24 953 30.8 

5-9 684 22.1 

2-4 335 10.8 

1 17 .5 

Note: Table Includes both full-tlmo and part-time 

employees. Datall may not add to total because 

of rounding. 

'See tabla 1 nota on eGtimated number of agencies. 

• 

• 
Atthough just 1% of sheriffs' departments 

weTe located In Jurisdictions with a pop· 

• 

ulatlon of 1 million or more, about 20% of all 

. sworn officers were working for departments in Jurisdictions that large (table 3). 

Half of all officers were working fOT the 6% 

of sheriffs' departments In Jurisdictions with 

a population of 250,000 or more. Only 3% 

of all fUll-time officers were worklng for 

departments serving a population under 

10,000, atthough 23% of aU departments 

were In this population category. 

On average, sheriffs' departments serving 

a population of 1 million or more employed 

Just over 1,000 fUll-time sworn officers and 

about 600 full-time civilian employees (table 

4). The average number of fUll-time 

employees for all sheriffs' departments 

was 66, Including 46 sworn and 20 clvillan. 

The workforce size of departments In the 

50,000-99,999 population range most 

closely resgrnbled the overall averages, 

In large sheriffs' departments (100 or more 

sworn officers), about half of the fUll-time 

officers were providing direct sarvlces 

related to patrol, response to Incldell:s, 

Investigation, special operations, and other 

aspects of field operations (table 5). A third 

of full-time sworn employees ware working 

In positions related to Jail operation, and 

about 1 In 10 were working In courtrelated positions Including bailiffs, security 

guards, and process servers, 

Relatively small percentages of full-time 

sworn employees worked in administration 

or technical support. About 5% of them 

held administrative positions, Including Jobs 

related to finance, personnel, and internal 

affairs. Another 4% of sworn personnel 

provided technical support services related 

to communications and dispatch, fleet 

management, training, and other areas 

reqUiring technical expertise, 

-

Approximately 50% of clvilian employees 

worked in jail-related positions, and another 

30%, In technical support positions . 

The average annual operating expenditure 

of sheriffs' departments for fiscal year 1990 

was about $3 million, ranging from about 

$92 million In departments serving a 

population of 1 mlllion or more to about 

$300,000 In those serving under 10,000 

residents (table 6). Overall, employee 

salaries and benefits accounted for $3 

of avery $4 In operating expenditures, The 

overall departmental average expenditure 

per resident was $40. Departments serving 

a population of und&r 10,000 cost the most 

to operate, $56 per resident. Departments 

serving a population of 1 million or more 

and those serving a population of 100,000 

to 249,999 had the hlQi"lest average expenditure per employee, $55,400 and 

$52,400, respectively, 

Table 3. Sheriffs' departments and full-time sworn officers, 

by size of population served, 1990 

Table 4. Average number of employees In sherIffs' departments, 

by size ot population served, 1990 

• 

Full-time Average numberoleml:!lo~ees 

Population De~artments sworn officers Population FUll-time Part-time 

served Number' Percent Number 

All sizes 3,093 100% 141,418 

1,000,000 or more 27 .9% 

500,000-999,999 62 2.0 

250,000-499,999 92 3.0 

100,000-249,999 270 8.7 

50,000-99,999 374 12.1 

25,000-49,999 594 19.2 

10,000-24,999 955 30.9 

Under 1 0,000 719 23.2 

'See note on table 1. 

Table 5, Job classification of fUll-time 

personnel In large sheriffs' 

departments, 1990 

Parcent ollullJob time em~lo~ees 

classification Total Swam Civilian 

Total 100% 100% 100% 

Jalloperations 39.0% 33.6% 50.1% 

Field operations 34.7 47.8 7.4 

Technical support 12.5 4.2 29.8 

Court operations 7.3 9.4 2.9 

Administration 5.6 4.7 7.5 

Other 1.0 .4 2.3 

Note: Detail may not add to total because 01 

rounding. Table excludes departments with lewer 

than 100 sworn personnel. 

28,112 

22,231 

18,367 

25,055 

17,998 

13,391 

11,972 

4,292 

Percent served Total Sworn Civilian Total Sworn 

100% All sizes 66 46 20 5 3 

19.9% 1,000,000 or more 1,638 1,052 586 45 31 

15.7 500,000-999,999 534 356 178 22 4 

1::1.0 250,000-499,999 287 199 87 19 8 

17.7 100,000-249,999 129 93 36 9 6 

12.7 50,000-99,999 64 48 16 8 5 

9.5 25,000-49,999 32 23 10 5 3 

8.5 10,000-24,999 17 13 5 3 2 

3.0 Under10,OOO 9 6 3 2 1 

Note: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 

Table 6. Operating expenditures of sheriffs' departments, 

by size of population served, 1990 

0!1srating eX!1enditures. fiscal ~eari 990 

Population Per Per sworn Per Per 

served del:!artment officer employee resident 

All sizes $2,954,000 $62,600 $43,100 $40 

1,000,000 or more $92,020,000 $86,200 $55,400 $38 

500,000-999,999 23,640,000 66,100 43,400 34 

250,000-499,999 12,023,000 59,200 40,600 34 

100,000-249,999 6,997,000 73,000 52,400 48 

50,000-99,999 2,247,000 44,300 33,200 34 

25,000-49,999 954,000 39,800 27,800 28 

10,000-24,999 603,000 45,300 32,100 38 

Under 10,000 309,000 48,200 32,700 56 

Note: Figures are lor the fiscal year ending June 30, 1990, or the most recent fiscal year completed 

prior to that data. Figures do not Include capital expenditures such as equipment purchases or 

construction costs. Computation 01 per officer and per employee averages InclUdes both lull-time 

and part-time employees, with a weight 010.5 assigned to part-time employees. 

3 

Civilian 

2 

14 

18 

11 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 
~stlmated workload level for law enforcement, Jail-related, and court-related functions 

In sheriff's departments, 1990 

About 84% of sheriffs' departments 

reported that at least a third of their total 

personnel hours were spent on activities 

related to law enforcement. Approximately 27% of the departments estimated 

that employees spent more than twothirds of their total work time on activities 

related to law enforcement. Departments 

serving a population under 10,000 (43%) 

were the most likely to devote that much 

time to law enforcement. Only 3 

departments serving a population 

ProportIon of total personnel workhours spent 

on lawenforcementfunctlons 

Less 1/3 More 

Population than to than 

ssNed Total None 1/3 213 213 

All sizes 100% 3'% 13% 57% 27% 

1,000,000 or more 100% 19% 41% 40% 0% 

500,000-999,999 100 14 52 29 5 

250.000-499,999 100 5 40 43 12 

100,000-249,999 100 9 26 54 11 

50,000-99,999 100 5 15 68 13 

25,000-49,999 100 2 14 64 20 

10,000-24,999 100 1 6 60 33 

Under 1 0,000 100 2 8 48 43 

Proportion oHotal personnel workhours spent 

on Jail-related functions 

Less 1/3 More 

Population than to than 

ssNed Total None 1/3 213 213 

Ali sizes 100% 13% 46% 38% 2% 

1.000.000 ormora 100% 19% 11% 46% 24% 

500,000-999,999 100 14 22 49 14 

250,000-499,999 100 32 15 46 7 

100,000-249,999 100 21 23 50 6 

50,000-99,999 100 5 42 52 1 

25,000-49,999 100 7 48 43 2 

10,000-24,999 100 10 57 32 0 

Under 1 0,000 100 22 49 29 1 

ProportIon oftotal personnel workhours spent 

011 court-related functions 

Less 1/3 More 

Population than to than 

ssNed Total None 1/3 213 213 

Ali sizes 100% 2% 89% 6% 3% 

1,000,000 or mora 100% 7% 85% 7% 0% 

500,000-999,999 100 2 78 2 18 

250,000-499,999 100 1 80 2 16 

100,000-249,999 100 a 84 10 6 

50,000-99,999 100 a 92 4 4 

25,000-49,999 100 3 87 9 2 

10,000-24,999 100 3 91 6 

Under 1 0,000 100 2 92 4 2 

Note: FI9ures Bre based on estimates provided by departments_ Some departments may have performed 

functions net related to any of thesa three categories. Delall may not add to Iotal because of rounding. 

-Less than 0_5%. 

4 

of 500,000 or more spent more than twothirds of their personnel time on law 

enforcement. 

Unlike local police departments, most of 

which perform law enforcement duties 

almost exclusively, sheriffs' departments 

are much more likely to have additional 

Jail- and court-related responsibilities. 

In 1990 the percentage of sheriffs' 

departments with primary responsibility 

for operating a jail (81 %) was 16 times 

higher than the percentage of local police 

departments (5%). Sheriffs' departments 

were 9 times mote likely than local police 

departments to be responsible for serving 

civil process (91% versus 10%), and 

about 5 times more likely to be providing 

court security (85% versus 18%). 

Consequently, nearly all (98%) sheriffs' 

departments reported spending at least 

some work hours on court-related 

activities during 1990, and 87% reported 

at least some jail-related work. 

Jail-related responsibilities consumed 

at least a third of the work hours In 40% 

of sheriffs' departments. Although only 

2% of all departments spent mere than 

two-thirds of their personnel time on jail 

operation, 24% of the departmenls servIng 1 million or more residents did so. 

Court-related responsibilities did not 

require as much personnel time as law 

enforcement or jail-related duties. Although nearly all sheriffs' departments 

performed some court-related work, only 

9% spent a third or more of their workhours on cal !i-related activities. 

Despite their jail and court-related 

responsibilities, only 3% of all sheriffs' 

departments reported they performed no 

law enforcement-related work In 1990. 

Departments In jurisdictions of 1 million 

or more residents (19%) and departments 

serving a population of 500,000 to 

999,999 (14%) were most likely not to 

perform law enforcement functions. 
• 

• 

Table 7. Functions for which at ieast half of sheriffs' departments 

had primary responsibility, by size of populaUon served, 1990 

Percent ofde~rtments with erlma!yreseenslblll!yfor: 

Violent Property NarcotJcs Telephonel 

Civil crime Death crime Patrol Jail and vice radio com- Traffic Accident Search 

Population procllss Investi- Invest!- Court Invasti- and first opera- enforce- munlcatlon enforce- Invest!- and Fingerprint 

served serving gatlon' gation security gatlon reseense tlon ment anddlGpatch ment gation rescue processing 

All sizes 91% 89% 87% 85% 85% 82% 81% 81% 72% 67% 65% 57% 52% 

1,000,000 or more 85% 70% 70% 73% 66% 77% 77% 73% 73% 62% 62% 60% 70% 

500,000-999,999 88 57 56 86 57 56 76 66 

250,000-499,999 98 62 60 88 60 59 68 59 

100,000-249,999 96 74 72 90 71 72 76 67 

50,DOO-99,999 98 87 87 89 86 85 93 80 

25,000-49,999 91 93 91 89 85 84 91 86 

10,000-24,999 88 95 91 83 88 86 86 85 

Under 10,000 90 92 90 81 91 85 64 81 

'InclUdes Investigation of rape, robbery, or serious assault. 

Operations operated a jail. At least half of the departments also had primary responsibility fer 

communications and dispatch (72%), traffic 

enforcement (67%), accident investigation 

(65%), search and rescue operations 

(57%), and fingerprint proceSSing (52%). 

61 

55 

64 

77 

72 

75 

73 

About 71n 8 sheriffs' departments had 

primary responsibility for crime and death 

Investigations (table 7). A similar proportion 

of departments also provided civil process 

serving and court security. About 41n 5 

departments performed the functions 

of patrol and first response to incidents, 

enforced narcotics and vice laws, and 

Relatively few departments had primary 

responsibility for civil defense (20%), animal 

control (20%), emergency medical services 

TEi.)le 8. Functions for which less than haff of sheriffs' departments 

had prlmary responsibility. by size of population SEINed, 1990 

Percent ofdee:!!rtmentswith erlmar:l res!:lQnsibili~ for: 

Emergency TraIning Laboratory 

Population Civil Animal medical academy FIre testing of BallIstics 

served defense control services oeeration services substances testing 

AllsiZfJS 20% 20% 10% 7% 7% 5% 3% 

1,000,000 or more 11% 10% 19% 62% 7% 32% 29% 

500,000-999,999 7 2 7 33 0 12 12 

250,000-499,999 15 10 9 25 1 20 9 

100,000-249,999 14 10 9 17 3 13 8 

50,000-99,999 19 13 6 16 5 4 2 

25,000-49,999 14 24 a 1 4 6 1 

10,000-24,999 20 21 11 4 9 2 3 

Under 10,000 30 25 13 2 11 1 1 

Table 9. Sheriffs' departments partlclpatlcm In 911 emergency telephone system, 

by size of popUlation served, 1990 and 1987 

Percent ofdee:!!rtments earticl~ting In 911 s~slem 

1990 1987 

Population Enhanced! Enhanced! 

served Total Regular expanded Total Regular exeanded 

Alisizlls 42% 31% 11% 28% 20% 8% 

1,000,000 or more 73% 26% 47% 53% 20% 33% 

500.000-999,999 54 12 42 48 22 26 

250,000-499,999 60 23 36 43 19 24 

100,000-249,999 62 30 31 43 31 12 

50,000-99,999 48 32 17 42 31 10 

25,000-49,999 46 38 8 28 20 8 

10,000-24,999 35 28 7 25 18 7 

51 61 35 62 

59 38 48 58 

57 48 50 51 

61 58 56 57 

64 64 57 51 

70 68 flO 55 

74 77 60 46 

(10%), training academy operation (7%), 

fire services (7%), laboratory testing of 

substances (5%), or balllstics testing (3%) 

(table 8), Sheriffs' departments In jurisdictions under 10,000 In population were most 

likely to perform civil defense functions, and 

those In Jurisdictions with fewer ~han 50,000 

residents were most likely to provide animal 

control services. Departments In the largest Jurisdictions (over 1 million) were the 

most likely to operate a training academy, 

conduct laboratory tests of substances, 

or perform ballistics tests • 

About 42% of all sheriffs' departments participated in a 911 emergency telephone 

system during 1990 (table 9). This percentage represented a substantial Increase 

from 1987, when 28% of the departments 

partiCipated. Significant Increases in participation from 1987 to 1990 occurred in all 

population categories. 

In 1990 over half the departments serving 

100,000 or more residents, almost half the 

departments serving a population from 

25,000 to 99,999, and about a third of the 

departments serving a population of less 

than 25,000 participated In a 911 system. 

(A department's lack of participation did not 

necessarily mean that citizens In Its Jurisdiction had no 91 i service, because 

another agency could have provided it.) 

As in 1987, about a fourth of participating 

sheriffs' departments had a system with 

enhanced capabiHtlas, allowing electronic 

Identification of the source of a call. 

Undll110,OOO 32 30 2 16 14 2 

-~--------------~ Note: Participation is defined as the capability to dispatch a unit as the result of a call to 911. 

Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 

5 
Nine percent of sheriffs' departments were 

operating one or more lockup facilities separate from a jail In 1990 (table 10). Departments serving a population of 250,000 or 

more were the most likely to be operating 

a lockup facility. Departments In jurisdictions of 1 million residents or more had the 

largest average lockup capacity, about 68 

persons; departments serving a population 

of under 25,000 had the smallest average 

lockup capacity, about 6. 

Sworn officers 

In 1990, 72.6% of full-time sworn personnel 

In sheriffs' departments were white (nonHispanic) men (table 11). Officers In larger 

Jurisdictions were less likely to be white 

men than those In small ones: About twothirds of officers In departments serving a 

population of 500,000 or more were white 

men, compared to about three-fourths 

of the officers In smaller Jurisdictions. 

Overall, 84.6% of sworn officers were men, 

and 84.5% were white. An estimated 1 In 

10 officers were black, the largest representation of any minority group and about 

twice the proportion of Hispanic officers. 

The percentages of women and minorities 

among sheriffs' department officers Increased from 1987 to 1990. OVer the 

3 years, the proportion of women went 

from 12.6% to 15.4%, blacks from 8.3% 

to 9.8%, and Hispanics from 4.3% to 4.7%. 

Overall, minority representation Increased 

from 13.4% to 15.5%. 

Table 10. Operation of lockup facilities 

by sheriffs' departments, by size 

of population oorved, 1990 

Population 

sorved 

All sizes 

1,000,000 or more 

500,000-999,999 

250,000-499,999 

100,000-249,999 

50,000-99,999 

25,000-49,999 

10,000-24,999 

Under 1 0,000 

Percent 

operating 

tockup(s) 

9% 

26% 

34 

31 

16 

8 

5 

5 

12 

Average 

total 

capacity 

17 

68 

36 

28 

21 

33 

10 

5 

7 

Note: Only temporary holding or lockup facilities 

separate from ajail are Included. Computation of 

average total capacity excludes departments not 

operating a lockup. 

Sheriffs' departments were estimated to 

have employed nearly 19,000 more full-time 

sworn officers In 1990 than in 1987. Significant Increases In the number of women 

and minorities accompanied this overall 

Increase. An estimated 21,778 women 

were full-time officers In sheriffs' departments In 1990, about 6,000 more than 

Nearly all (97%) sheriffs' departments had a 

formal education requirement for new officer 

recruits (table 12), The minimum require- • 

ment In 93% of the departments was a high 

schoo! diploma, About 4% of sheriffs' 

departments required edUcation beyond 

In 1987. Black officers numbered nearly 

14,000 In 1990, compared to just over 

10,000 in 1987. The number of sworn 

employees who were members of any 

racial or ethnic minority was about 22,000 

In 1990, compared to 16,400 In 1987. 

Total 

Male 

Female 

White 

Black 

Hispanic 

Other 

Full-time sworn officers 

In sheriffs' dEl~rtments 

1990 19B7 

Percent Number Percent Number 

100.0% 141,418 100.0% 122,544 

B4.6% 119,640 87.4% 107,103 

15.4 21,778 12.6 15,441 

84.5% 119,498 86.6% 106,124 

9.8 13,859 8.3 10,171 

4.7 6,647 4.3 5,269 

1.0 1,414 .8 980 

high school, olther specified non-degree 

college courses (1 %) or a 2-year college 

degree (3%). Less than 0.5% of all departments required new officer recruits to have 

a 4-year college degree. 

Newly hired officers were required to complete formal training in ,89% of sheriffs' 

departments (table 13). All departments 

In the 250,COO-499,999 population category 

had a training reqUirement. Departments 

serving a population of 500,000 or more 

had the highest average of classroom 

hours required - about 500. The averages 

for departments In other population categories were close to the overall average 

of 354 hours. 

I Table 11. Characteristics of full-time sworn personnel In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of populat!on served, 1990 

Percent of full-tlmo sworn emplo~ees 

PopUlation White Black Hispanic Other 

served Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 

All sizes 100% 72.6% 11.9% 7.2% 2.6% 3.9% .8% .9% .1% 

1,000,000 ormora 100% 64.0% 14.2% 6.8% 2.9% 8.2% 1.9% 1.9% .2% 

500,OOO-999,999 100 68.9 9.7 11.8 4.0 4.1 .5 .9 .1 

250,000-499,999 100 74.7 10.6 6.1 2.0 5.0 1.0 .6 .1 

100,000-249,999 100 72.7 12.4 8.1 3.1 2.3 .5 .8 

50,000-99,999 100 78.8 12.1 5.6 2.2 .8 .2 .3 .1 

25,000-49,999 100 77.7 11.4 5.4 1.5 2.0 1.0 .8 .2 

10,OOO-24,9fl9 100 79.5 11.5 4.6 1.n 2.3 .2 .8 .1 

Under 1 0,000 100 76.4 14.0 4.7 .9 2.9 .4 .5 .2 

Note: "Black" and "white" categories do not include Hispanics. "Other" category includes American Indians, 

Alaskan Natives, Asians, and Pacific Islanders. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 

--Less than 0.05%. 

Table 12. MInimum educational requirement for new officer recrult8 In sheriffs' departments, 

fri,y slzo of population served, 1990 

Percent ofde~rtments 

Regulrlng minimum of: 

Without All with High 2-year 4-year 

Population require- require- school Some college college 

served Total men! ment diploma college' degree degree 

All sizes 100% 3% 97% 93% 1% 3% 

1,000,000 or more 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 

500,000-999,999 100 0 100 95 2 2 2 

250,000-499,999 100 0 10t:) 93 2 5 0 

100,000-249,999 1CO 2 ge 87 4 8 0 

50,000-99,999 100 3 97 93 1 4 0 

25,000-49,999 100 2 96 95 0 3 0 

10,000-24,999 100 4 95 90 5 

Under 10,000 100 2 98 96 1 0 

Note: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 

·-Less than 0.5%. 

'No degree requirement. 

6 

• 
The overall average number of field training 

hours required was 117. The average 

•

requlrements for field training ranged from 

42 hours for departments In the smallest 

jurisdictions to about 10 times that number 

• 

• 

in departments serving a population 

of 1 million or mere. 

The average starting saiary for an entrylevel deputy In sheriffs' departments was 

$17,420, an Increase of 12% from 1987 

(table 14). Average starting salaries varied 

with population size, ranging from an average of about $26,000 in departments serving a population of 1 million or more, to an 

average of about $16,000 in departments 

serving a population of under 10,000. 

Across population categories, the salaries 

of sergeants and sheriffs had a pattern 

similar to that of salaries of entry-level 

Table 13. Training requirements for new 

officer recruits In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of population oorved, 1990 

Percent 

ofc!epartments Average number 

Population requiring of hours ragulred 

served training Total Classroom Field 

All sizes 89% 471 354 117 

l,Ooo,OOOormore 85% 946 538 408 

500,000-999,999 94 821 511 310 

250,000·499,999 100 638 379 259 

100,000-249,999 90 581 384 197 

50,000-00,999 93 553 372 181 

25,000-49,999 90 498 352 146 

'10,000-24,999 85 410 342 68 

Under 1 0,000 91 367 325 42 

Note: Computation of the average nUmber of training 

hours excludes departmenis not requ1r1n9 training. 

Table 14. Average base starting salary for 

oolected positions In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of population served, 1990 

EntryPopulation level 

sONed doputy 

AUstzes $17,420 

1 ,000,000 or more $26,180 

500,000-999,999 22,950 

250,000-499,999 20,130 

100,000-249.999 19,530 

5O,OCO-99,999 16,300 

25,000-49,999 16,950 

10,000-24,999 16,940 

Under 10,000 15,860 

Average base 

starting salary 

Sergep.;,!! 

$21,870 

$35,530 

32,100 

26,860 

24,830 

23,100 

21,510 

20,840 

18,560 

Shariff 

$33,530 

$80,350 

61.490 

53,710 

44,900 

'38,460 

33,050 

30,320 

24,530 

Note: Average salaries are based on the mlmlnum 

starting salary offered by a department and have been 

rounded to the nearest 10 dollars. Computation of 

average salary excludes departments with no full-time 

employee In that position. 

officers. The overall average base starting 

salary for a sergeant was about $22,000, 

starting at an average of $35,530 In the 

largest Jurisdictions and at $18,560 in the 

smallest. A sheriff's average starting salary 

In departments serving a population of 1 

million or more was about $80,000, over 3 

times as much as In departments serving a 

population of under 10,000. 

About 43% of sheriffs' departments with 

100 or more sworn officers authorized 

collective bargaining for employees 

In 1990. Some of these larger departments 

aiso authorized the following types of 

special pay for full-time swarn officers: 

Type of special pay 

Educational Incentive 

Merit 

Shift differential 

Hazardousduty 

Percent of 

large sheriffs' 

departments 

authorizing 

50% 

44 

29 

27 

Equipment 

About 3 In 4 sheriffs' departments authorIzed the use of some type of semiautomatic sidearm by officers (table 15). About 

two-thirds of all departments authorized the 

use of 9mm semiautomatic sIdearms. 

One or more types of revolvers were authorIzed for use by offIcers In 82% of sherIffs' 

departments. The two most frequently 

authorized types were the .357 (authorized 

by 72% of the departments) and the ,38 

(authorized by 47%). 

Nonlethal weapons were authorized for use 

In 80% of all sheriffs' departments (table 

is). The types of these weapons most 

frequently mentioned were impact devices 

such as sidearm batons or soft prOjectiles 

and chemical agents like tear gas and 

mace - both types were authorized by 

52% of the departments. 

Table 15. Types of sidearms authorized for use by sworn officers 

In sheriffs' departments, by size of population served, 1990 

Population 

served 

All sizes 

1 ,000,000 ormore 

500,000-999,999 

250,000-499,999 

100,000-249,999 

50,000-99,999 

25,000-49,999 

10,000-24,999 

Under 1 0,000 

Percent ofdeparm,entsauthorizlng: 

Semiautomatic Revolver 

Oneor Oneor 

more more 

types .357 .380 .45 9mm 10mm types .357 .38 .45 

74% 4% 6% 32% 67% 12% 82% 72% 47% 11% 

71% 7% 22% 40% 67% 11% 100% 77% 80% 21% 

79 0 10 30 70 9 86 54 70 12 

84 3 9 43 81 17 86 70 6P 1 

78 5 5 34 75 12 84 74 47 10 

82 6 9 39 74 16 81 72 59 10 

71 2 4 30 67 15 79 73 42 10 

75 3 5 31 65 10 82 73 42 11 

67 5 5 30 59 10 SO 70 46 14 

9mm 10mm 

10% 4% 

21% 4% 

2 2 

2 0 

15 6 

8 5 

9 3 

10 3 

12 4 

Note: Soma types of sidearms not Includad in this table may have been authorized for use In some departments. 

Table 16. Types of nonlethal weapons authorized 

for usa by sworn officers In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of population oorved, 1990 

aneor 

Percent of departments authorizing: 

Elee- RestrainPopulation more Impact Chemical trlcal Ing 

served types devices agents deVices devices 

All sizes 80% 52% 52% 25% 23% 

1,000,000 or more 96% 77% 80% 39% 26% 

500,000-999,999 82 65 59 23 24 

250,000-499,999 94 80 74 27 40 

100,000-249,999 91 67 54 22 30 

50,000-99,999 64 52 60 27 18 

25,000-49,999 74 51 47 25 21 

10,000-24,999 80 50 49 26 26 

Under 1 0,000 75 45 49 2'J 18 

Nete: Impact devlca category Includes sidearm batons, soft projectiles, and 

rubber buiiets. Chemical agent category Includes tear gas and mace. Electrical device category Includes tasers and stun guns. Restraining device 

category Includes three-pole trips and capture nets, but not handr.uffs. 

7 
About 3 In 5 sheriffs' departments supplied 

at least some officers In regular field operations with protectiva body armor or gave 

them a cash allowance to purchase It (table 

17). About haij of the departments serving 

a population of under 10,000 supplied 

officers with armor or gave them a cash 

allowance for It - a smaller proportion than 

In larger Jurisdictions. 

Overall, 27% of sheriffs' departments 

required that at laast some officers In 

regular field operations wear body armor 

while on duty, Including 21 % that required 

all such officers to wear It. Of the departments serving a population of 1 million 

or more, 44% required at least some 

officers on duty In regular field operations 

to wear body armor, with about half of these 

departments applying the policy to all 

regular field operations officers. Among 

departments serving a population of 

250,000 to 499,999,42% required at least 

some officers to wear armor. About threefourths of these departments applied the 

policy to all regular field operations officers. 

Nationwide, sheriffs' departments operated 

about 7 cars for every 10 sworn officers 

(table 18). The ratio of cars to officers was 

lowast In Jurisdictions of 1 million residents 

or more-3 cars per 10 officers-and 

highest In departments serving a population 

of under 50,000 - about 7 cars per 10 

officers. 

Table 17. Body armor poliCies for regular field oporatlons officers 

In sheriffs' departments. by size of popUlation served. 1990 

Approximately 28% of all the cars operated 

by sheriffs' departments were unmarked. 

The 62% of cars that were unmarked In 

departments serving a population of 1 

million or more represented nearly 3 times 

the percentage of unmarked cars In departments serving a population of under 

25,000. 

Percentofdeeartments: 

supplying offlcerswllh 

armor orglvlng officers 

cash allowance for armor 

Population All Some 

served Total officers officers 

All sizes 61% 54% 7% 

1,000,000 or more 85% 65% 20% 

500,000-999,999 71 54 17 

250,000-499,999 59 51 8 

100,000-249,999 71 59 12 

50,000-99,999 69 57 12 

25,000-49,999 63 59 4 

10,000-24,999 62 57 5 

Under 1 0,000 48 40 8 

Note: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. 

Table 18. Number of cars per sworn 

officer and percent of cars that were 

unmarked In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of population served, 1990 

Population 

served 

All sizes 

1,000,000 ormore 

500,000-999,9119 

250.000-499,999 

100,000-249,999 

50,000-99,999 

25,000-49,999 

10,000-24,999 

Under 10,000 

Ratio of 

cars to 

sworn 

officers 

.69 

.29 

.41 

.47 

.53 

.59 

.70 

.74 

.78 

Percent 

of ears 

Ihatwere 

unmarked 

28% 

62% 

46 

43 

42 

32 

30 

23 

21 

Requiring officers to 

Wear armorwhlla on dulY 

All Some 

Total officers offficers 

27% 21% 6% 

44% 23% 21% 

26 17 9 

42 30 12 

31 24 7 

27 17 10 

25 24 2 

30 23 7 

20 16 4 

About 82% of sheriffs' departments permitted sworn officers to take marked cars 

home (table 19). Departments serving a 

population of under 10,000 (91 %) were 

twice as likely to allow marked vehicles 

to be taken home as departments serving 

a population of 1 million or more (45%). 

Overall, 28% of sheriffs' departments 

allowed officer~\ to take a marked car 

home and drive It for personal u~e. 

r---------------.----------------------------------------------~ 

Table 19. Vehicle-use policies for sworn officers In sheriffs' o'epartments, 

by size of population served, 1990 

Percent of Percent of departments allowing 

departments officers to take vehicles home 

notallowlng Off-duty Off-duty 

Population officers to take use use not 

served Total vehicles home Total allowed allowed 

All sizes 100·/. 18% 82% 28% 54% 

1,000,000 or more 100% 55% 45% 7% 38% 

500,000-999,999 100 43 57 21 37 

250,000-499,999 100 29 71 18 53 

100,000-249,999 100 32 68 29 39 

50,000-99,999 100 27 73 25 48 

25,000-49,999 100 18 82 20 62 

10,000-24,999 100 13 87 33 54 

Under 1 0,000 100 9 91 34 57 

Note: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Table refers to marked vehicles only. 

8 

• 

• 

• 
Computers departments and by every department 

In Jurisdictions wlth 1 million residents 

About 63% of sheriffs' departments, 

.emPloYlng 85% of all officers, reported the 

. use of computers in 1990 (table 20). All 

departments serving a population of 

or more. About 30% of dFJ-partments had 

either exclusive or shared access to a 

mainframe computer, including 65% 

• 

1 million or more were using computers, 

and only In jurisdictions of under 10,000 

were less than half of the departments 

using some type of computer. 

Overall, the personal computer was the 

most commonly used type of com~uter, 

with use reported by 46% of all sheriffs' 

of departments serving a population 

of 100,000 or more. Laptop computers, 

used by 5% of all departments, were being 

used by 39% of the departments serving 

a population of 1 million or more. While 

only ~ % of all departments reported having 

car-mounted dlgltal terminals, 24% of 

departments In the largest Jurisdictions 

reported such equipment. 

Table20. Types of computers used by sheriffs' departments, 

by slzo of population served, 1900 

Percent ofdepartmsnts using each type ofcomputef 

Oneor 

Population more DiIlltalten ~Inal 

served types Personal Mainframe Mini Laptop Car-mounted Hanc:l-held 

AIIslz:es 63% 46% 30% 9% 5% 

1,000,000 or more 100% 100% 85% 590/0 39% 

500,000-999,999 93 87 74 28 22 

250,000-499,999 87 79 69 29 17 

100,000-249,999 91 72 60 17 7 

50,000-99,999 86 60 47 17 10 

25,000-49,999 72 47 37 7 4 

10,000-24,999 53 37 18 5 2 

Under 1 0,000 38 28 12 2 2 

-. Less than 0.5% 

Table 21. Selected functions of computers In sheriffs' departments, 

by size of popUlation served, 1990 

Percent of departments using computers for: 

Criminal Jail 

Population Record- Investi- manage- Crime 

served kaeplng gatlons ment Budeetlne Dispatch anal:isls 

Allslzas 51% 35% 33% 26% 25% 20% 

1,000,000 or mora 85% 81% 70% 65% 62% 52% 

500,000-999,999 79 66 75 70 50 57 

250,000-499,999 72 56 63 64 49 42 

100,000-249,999 80 50 54 54 46 31 

50,000-99,999 75 55 61 40 36 28 

25,000-49,9911 59 43 40 21 32 25 

10,000-24,999 42 28 21 15 18 16 

Under 1 0,000 26 16 15 15 g 8 

1% 

24% 15% 

15 5 

5 2 

4 1 

0 0 

1 0 

0 0 

0 0 

Fleet Man· 

manage- power 

ment allocation 

16% 11% 

67% 46% 

42 38 

38 30 

30 24 

31 16 

15 10 

9 5 

4 5 

Table 22. Types of computerized Information fllGS maintained by sheriffs' departments, 

by size of popUlation served, 1990 

About half of all sheriffs' departments 

reported using computers for recordkeeping, Including three-fourths of all 

deparl:ments serving a population of 50,000 

or morEl (table 21). Other computer fUnctions reported by at least a fourth of all 

departments Included crlmlnallnvestlgatlons (35%), Jail management (33%), 

budgeting (26%), and dispatch (25%). A 

majority of departments serving 250,000 

or more residents reported using computers 

for these 4 fUnctions. About half of departments serving a population of 500,000 or 

more were using computers for crime 

analysis, and about two-thirds 01 departments serving a population of 1 million or 

more reported using computers for fleet 

management. 

The most common types of computerized 

flies maintained by sheriffs' departments 

pertained to warrants (47%) and arrests 

(42%) (table 22). About a third of all 

sheriffs' departments also maintained flies 

on criminal historIes and stolen property. At 

least 30% of the departments In each of the 

6 largest population categories (25,000 and 

up) maintained flies on Uniform Crime 

Reports (UCR), calls for service, summons, 

and traffic citations. A majority of departments serving a population of 250,000 or 

more had computer flies on payroll and 

personnel and departmental Inventory . 

Percent of departments maintaining computer fifes on: 

Stolen Uniform Calls 

Population Crlmin~:', property' Crime for Traffic PayrolV License 

served Warrants Arrests histories vehicles Reports service Summons citations personnel Invento!)' Evidence raelstration 

All sizes 47% 42% 35% 34% 29% 28% 27% 26% 24% 23% 20% 18% 

1,000,000 or more 890/0 71% 81% f'i2% 54% 70% 41% 45% 73% 71% 52% 58% 

500,000-999,999 68 70 68 49 52 41 45 43 68 54 35 30 

250,000-499,999 79 66 59 48 53 58 45 38 62 60 46 20 

• 100,000-249,999 74 56 54 41 38 45 45 40 49 47 35 34 

50,000-99,999 65 65 45 52 45 48 33 35 39 27 33 24 

25,000-49,999 58 51 45 41 36 33 33 32 24 25 26 19 

10,000-24,999 36 34 24 30 23 21 22 21 17 15 13 14 

Under 1 0,000 25 24 20 17 16 11 15 16 8 12 8 13 

9 
Progra.ms and policies 

Departments with 100 or more sworn officers reported on the types of special units 

operated (table 23). About 82% of these 

departments were operating special units 

for drug education In schools and communIty crime prevention. More than haif of large 

sheriffs' departments had special units for 

child abuse (65%), missing children (61%), 

and Juvenile delinquency (59%). Other 

types of special units operated by more 

than a third of large sheriffs' departments 

dealt with gangs (47%), drunk drivers 

(45%), domestic violence (40%), and victim 

assistance (35%,). 

Departments with 100 or more officers also 

reported on the types of written policy directives maintained (table 24). The most commonly cited subject areas were the use 

of deadly force (96%), off-duty employment 

Table 23. Types of special units operated 

by large sheriffs' departments, 1990 

Type of 

sRecial unit 

Drug education In schools 

Community crime prevention 

Child abuse 

Mlsslngchlldren 

Juvenile delinquency 

Gangs 

Drunkdrlvers 

Domesticvlolence 

Victim assistance 

Prosecutorrelatlons 

Repeat offenders 

Bias·related crimes 

Percent 

o/Iarge 

deRartments 

1)2% 

82 

65 

61 

59 

47 

45 

40 

35 

31 

28 

24 

Note: Unit may be full-time or part-time. Table 

excludes departments with fewer than 100 sworn 

personnel. 

Table 24. Selected types of written policy 

directives maintained by large sheriffs' 

departments, 1990 

P9t'C~i( 

Subject area of large 

of directive daP3rtments 

Useofdeadlyforce 96% 

Off-duty employment 96 

Code of conduct and appearance 95 

Pursuit driving 90 

Strip searches 88 

Juveniles 86 

Citizen complaints 84 

Mentally iiI/handicapped persons 81 

Domestic disturbances 77 

Use of confidential funds 70 

Employee counseling 70 

Private security firms 29 

Homelasspersons 19 

Note: Table excludes departments with fewer than 

100 sworn personnal. 

(96%), codes of conduct and appearance 

(95%), and pursuit driving (90%). Most 

large departments also had written policy 

directives dealing with strip searches 

(88%), Juveniles (86%), citizen complaints 

(84%), mentally III/handicapped persons 

(81%), domestic disturbances (77%), use 

of confidential funds (70%), and employee 

counseling (70%). 

Methodology 

The Law Enforcement Management and 

Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey 

collects data from a nationally representative sample of the nearly 17,000 publicly 

funded State and local law enforcement 

agencies In the United States. This report 

focuses solely on sheriffs' departments. 

All 780 State and local law enforcement 

agencies In the United States with 100 

or more sworn officers (as reported in the 

1986 Directory Survey of Law Enforcement 

Agencies) received the full-length LEMAS 

questionnaire. The 780 self-representing 

(SR) agencies were supplemented by 

a nationally representative sample of all 

agencies with fewer than 100 sworn 

officers. These nonself-representlng (NSR) 

agencies were chosen using a stratified 

random sample with cells based on the type 

of agency (local police, sheriff, or special 

police), size of population served, and 

number of sworn officers. The 2,338 NSR 

agencies received a slightly abbreviated 

LEMAS questionnaire, which did not 

contain items about Job classifications, 

residency requirements, special pay, collective bargaining, police membership organizations, special units, or written policy 

directives. 

The Initial mailing I,)f the survey questionnaire was conducted In July 1990. The pay 

period containing June 15, 1990, was used 

as the reference date for personnel-related 

questions and June 30, 1990, for other 

questions. The data were collected by 

the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau 

of Justice Statistics. 

After two followup mailings and additional 

telephone calls as needed, a final total of 

2,945 agencies responded to the LEMAS 

questionnaire, Including 738 SR agencies 

and 2,207 NSR agencies. The overall 

response rate was 94.5%. The final data10 

base Includes responses from 1,830 local 

pOlice departments, 840 sheriffs' departments, 226 special police departments, and. 

the 49 primary State police departments. 

The base weight for all SR agencies Is 1. 

For NSR local and special police departments, the base weight Is 8.128, and for 

NSR sheriffs' departments It Is 4.09857. 

The final weight 8ssoclated with every 

e!gency, both SA and NSR, !s the product 

of the base weight and a factor that adjustad for any nonresponding agencies In each 

sample cell. This agency nonresponse 

factor WflS based on number of sworn 

offlcem for SR agencies and on number 

of agenclas for NSR agencies. 

80me responding agencies did not completely answer the LEMAS questionnaire. 

When an agency did not supply a response 

to an Item, a dcmor agency was randomly 

selected from responding agencies in the 

same sample cell. The donor agency's 

value for the item was placed into the 

nonrespondlng agency's response field 

with an Indicator that the value had been 

Imputed. Complete documentation 

regarding sampling procedures and nonresponse adjL'stments Is available upon 

request. 

Data on the number of employees and on 

the amount of agency expenditures in this 

report are not comparable with other BJS 

reports, such as the Survey of Criminal 

Justice Expenditure and Employment 

series. In the latter, these data are presented by govornmental function, whereas 

in the LEMAS survey expenditures are 

classified by type of agency. For example, 

what might be attributed to sheriffs' 

departments In the LEMAS survey would be 

apportioned among various functions, such 

as police protection and corrections, in the 

Expenditure and Employment series. It 

should be noted that the LEMAS figures for 

operating expenditures Include employee 

benefits, but the Expenditure and Employment figures do not. 

Because the data from agencies with fewer 

than 100 sworn personnel were collected 

from a sample, the results are subject to 

sampling error. All statements of comparison In this report have been tested to ensure that observed differences between 

values are significant at 2 standard errors 

• 

(the 95-percent confidence level) or higher. e 
• 

How to order the dataset 

Data utilized In this report are available 

from the NatIonal ArchIve of Criminal 

Justice Data at the University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 

48106; 1-800-999-0960. The data set Is 

archived as Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics 1990 

(ICPSR 9749). 

Brian Reaves wrote this report. Tom 

Hester edited It. Phony Z. SmIth provided statistical review. Michael W. 

Agoplan, Lawrence A. Greenfeld, and 

Richard W. Dodge reviewed the publication. It was produced by Marilyn Marbrook, assisted by Jayne Pugh and 

Yvonne Boston. Sample design, selection, and weighting were provided by 

David Hubble and Elizabeth Sweet of 

the Statistical Methods Division, Bureau 

of the Census. The data were collected 

and processed by Martha Greene, LInda 

Huang, Theresa Reitz, Ellen Rhodes, 

and Charlene Sebold of the Governments Division, Bureau of the Census. 

February 1992, NCJ-133283 

.~----, 

• 

The Assistant Attorney Generalis 

responsible for matters of administration 

and management with respect to the 

OJP agencies: Bureau of Justice 

ASsistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 

National Institute of Justice, Office of 

Juvenile Just\~e and Delinquency 

Prevl3ntlon, and the Office for Victims of 

Crime. The Assistant Attorney General 

establishes policies and priorities consistent with the statutory purposes of the 

OJP agencies and the priorities of the 

Department of Justice . 

11 
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