United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Forest Service 

Stem Cubic-Foot Volume 

Tables for Tree Species 

in the Piedmont 

Southern Research 

Station 

Research Paper 

ALEXANDER CLARK Ill 

SE-295 RAY A. SOUTER 
Stem Cubic-Foot Volume 

Tables for Tree Species 

in the Piedmont 

ALEXANDER CLARK Ill 

RAY A. SOUTER 
Contents 

Page 

Introduction ........................................................ iv 

Purpose and Scope 

Development of Equations 

Literature Cited ..................................................... ix 

Wow To Use Volume Tables ............................................ 1 

Content and Organization 

Finding Volume Estimates 

Index of Volume Tables ............................................... 3 

Volume Estimate Tables ............................................... 4 

List of Figures and Tables .............................................. 100 
Abstract 

Stemwood cubic-foot volume inside bark tables are 

presented for 16 species and 8 species groups based 

on equations used to estimate timber sale volumes on 

national forests in the Piedmont. Tables are based on 

form class measurement data for 2,753 trees sampled 

in the Piedmont and taper data collected across the 

South. A series of tables is presented for each species 

based on diameter at breast height (d,b.h.) in 

combination with total height and height to a $-inch 

diameter outside bark (d.0.b.) top. Volume tables are 

also presented based on d.b.h. in combination with 

height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top for softwoods and height 

to a 9-inch d.0.b. top for hardwoods. Sawtimber 

tables display saw-log stem volume by log (1 6-foot) 

and half-log (8-foot) intervals and also show stemwood 

volume to a 7-inch d.0.b. top for softwoods, to a 

9-inch d.0.b. top for hardwoods, and to a 4-inch d.0.b. 

top for all species. Pulpwood tables show stemwood 

volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in 5-feet height intervals. 

Keywords: Saw-log volume, pulpwood volume, form 

class. 

Introduction 

Purpose and Scope 

Starting in 1995, the standard unit of measure for 

Federal timber inventories and sales will be the 

cubic foot rather than the board foot. This change 

is necessary to provide uniform inventory, 

accounting, and statistical reporting for all 

national forests. To accommodate this change in 

the Southern Region of the USDA Forest Service, 

Clark and others (1 991) developed new equations 

for converting height and diameter measurements 

into cubic-foot volume estimates. Because they 

reflect variations in tree form and taper, the new 

equations are awkward to solve without a computer. For those who lack the time to solve the 

equations manually and the equipment expertise 

for electronic processing, conversion tables have 

been developed to provide volume estimates for 

16 individual species and for 8 species groups 

that have similar stem form. The tables are based 

on form class measurement data collected on 

trees sampled in the Piedmont and taper data 

collected on trees sampled across the South. 

The Southern Region consists of seven 

geographic areas (fig. i) based on physiographic 

region, species form and distribution, and Forest 

Service administrative units (table i). Table ii lists 

the species and geographic areas for which 

volume tables are available, and table iii 

summarizes measurement characteristics of the 

trees sampled. 

A separate set of volume tables is available for 

many of the species and species groups in other 

geographic areas of the Southern Region (Clark 

and Souter 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 

1 996e, 1 996f). When a species volume table for 

a species measured in the Piedmont is not 

available the Southwide tables should be used 

(Clark and Souter 1 994). 

Development of Equations 

The volume tables in this paper are based on 

profile equations developed from taper data 

collected on 13,469 trees sampled in natural 

stands across the South. Most of the trees 

measured were on national forests. All were 

growing in fully stocked stands. The taper data 

used to develop and verify the profile equations 

were collected on 1 1,472 trees by contractors 

working for the Southern Region and on 1,997 

trees by employees of the Forest Service, 

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station', 

SE-4701, Utilization of Southern Timber. 

Sample trees were felled and their diameter at 

breast height (d. b. h.) and total height recorded. 

The contractors measured diameter outside bark 

(d.o.b.1 and bark thickness at stump height and at 

I-inch taper intervals from the stump to the tip of 

the tree. Diameters were measured with a diameter tape and bark thickness determined at two 

points with a bark gauge at each measurement 

height. Trees sampled by the Southeastern 

Station were measured at groundline, 1 and 2 

feet, breast height, and at intervals of 

approximately 4 feet above breast height. Bark 

thickness was determined from cross-sectional 

disks cut from the boles. 

' Now called the Southern Research Station. 
Appalachian Area 

Arkansas Area 

Figure i--Seven geographic areas on which trees were sampled for equation development and verification. 

Table i--Geographic areas in the Southern Region with a listing of National Forest System units in each' 

Upper 

Gulf and Atlantic Appalachian Coastal 

Coastal Plain Piedmont Area Plain 

Deep 

South Arkansas Delta 

Area Area Area 

Croatan Uwharrie George Washington Talladega DeSoto Ozark Delta 

Francis Marion Sumter Jefferson William B. Bankhead Bienville Ouachita 2 St. Francis 

Osceola Oconee Cherokee Holly Springs Kisatchie 

Ocala Nantahala Tuskegee Angelina 

Apalachicola 

Conecuh 

Chattahoochee Tombigbee Davy Crockett 

~umter' Sam Houston 

Savannah River Site Daniel Boone Hornochitto 

Pisaah Sabine 

' All units except the Savannah River Forest Station on the Savannah River Site are public-access national forests. 

All districts except Andrew Pickens. 

Andrew Pickens District. 
Table ii--Species and geographic areas for which volume tables are available 

Geographic area 

Gulf and 

Atlantic Upper 

Coastal Coastal Deep 

Specieslgroup Code Plain Piedmont Appalachian Plain South Arkansas Delta 

Baldcypress 221 Y 

Bass wood 9 50 Y 

Birch 370 Y 

Soft - -.. 300 - - - Y Y Y Y Y Y 

All 90 Y Y Y i Y Y Y 

Hemlock 261 Y 

All red 8 3 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 

All white 82 Y Y Y Y Y Y 

Southern red 8 1 2 Y Y Y Y Y Y 

Pitch 126 Y 

Pond 128 Y 
Table iii--Trees measured for development of Piedmont volume tables by species and species groups 

All trees Sao~tinrber trees 

Height to Height to Girard 

Total 4- inch 7- or 9- inch Form 

Species or Sample D.b.h. height d.0.b top Sample D.b.h. d.0.b. top Class 

species group trees Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range trees Mean Range Mean Range Mean 

All pines 

Shortleaf pine 

Longleaf pine 

Loblolly pine 

All major pines 

Virginia pine 

Al 1 soft hardwoods 

Sweet gum 

Sycamore 

Ye1 low-poplar 

Elm 

All hard hardwoods 

Hickory 

White oak 

Chestnut oak 

Post oak 

ALL white oaks 

Scarlet oak 

Southern red oak 

Water oak 

Black oak 

All red oaks 

All oaks 

ALL hardwoods 

ab Number of sample trees do not add to species group totals because some species are included in the total but were not sampled sufficiently 

to develop individual species equations. 

Clark and others (1 991 ) compared available 

segmented-profile polynomial models (Max and 

Burkhart 1976; Cao and others 1980; Schlaegel 

1983) as potential volume estimators for southern 

tree species. Because no one model was best for 

estimating stem volume from the diameter and 

height of standing trees, they developed a 

form-class segmented-profile model that uses 

d.b.h., diameter at 17.3 feet, and total height as 

independent variables and that combines the 

better attributes of Schlaegel's form-class model 

and Max and Burkhartrs segmented-profile model. 

The new model divides the stem into four 

segments-butt (groundline up to 4.5 feet), lower 

stem (4.5 up to 17.3 feet), middle stem (1 7.3 to 

40 up to 70 percent of total height), and upper 

stem (40 to 70 percent of total height up to stem 

tip) -and uses different equation form to estimate 

diameter, height, and volume for each segment. 

The segment equations are conditioned so that 

the joins between segments are continuous. 

Separate profile equations incorporate height to a 

4-inch d.0.b. top for all species, and height to a 

7-inch d.0.b. top for softwoods, or height to a 

9-inch d.0. b. top for hardwoods. 

The form-class segmented-profile model can be 

used to predict diameter at a known height, 

height to a known diameter, and volume between 

any two heights. The equation forms and 

coefficients for estimating diameters, heights, and 

volumes are presented in Clark and others (1 991 ). 
The profile equations account for differences in 

stem taper by including a measure of diameter 

inside bark (d.i.b.) at 17.3 feet or Girard Form 

Class2 in each volume estimate, thus, allowing a 

single form-class segmented-profile equation to 

serve for a species across the South. However, 

analysis of the form-class data showed 

geographic differences in the form class of 

sawtimber trees with the same d.b.h. and height. 

Thus, linear equations for estimating d.i.b, at 

17.3 feet were developed for each species and 

species group by geographic region. Equations 

were developed to estimate d.i.b. at 17.3 feet 

from d.b.h, and total height, from d.b.h. and 

height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top, and from d.b.h. and 

height to a 7-inch or 9-inch d.0.b. top. Because 

few short pulpwood trees were sampled, an 

average form class by species group and d.b.h. 

and height class was used when predicting 

stemwood volume of pulpwood trees 5 45 feet 

in total height or 5 30 feet in height to a 4-inch 

d.0.b. top. 

Although the profile equations based on total 

height can be applied to any trees having both 

d.b.h. 2 5.0 inches and total height > 17.3 feet, 

the total height tables in this book start at 30 

feet. The profile model based on d.b.h. and 

height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top can be applied to 

any tree with d.b.h. 2 5.0 inches and height to a 

4-inch d.0.b. top > 17.3 feet, but the tables 

based on height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top start at 20 

feet. 

The softwood profile equation based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top is only useful if 

the trees have a d.b.h. 2 9.0 inches, and their 

height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top > 17.3 feet. The 

hardwood equation based on d.b.h. and height to 

a 9-inch d.0.b. top can only be applied to trees 

with d.b.h. 2 11.0 inches, whose height to a 

9-inch d.0.b. top > 17.3 feet. However, the 

softwood and hardwood tables based on height 

to a 7-inch or 9-inch d.0.b. top, respectively, start 

at 20 feet. 

Girard Form Class is the ratio of d.i.b. at 17.3 feet from 

d.b.h. 

The form-class segmented-profile equation based 

on height to a 7-inch or 9-inch d.0.b. 

top can only estimate diameters, heights, or 

volumes from the groundiine to these top heights. 

Therefore, Clark and others (1 991) developed 

nonlinear ratio equations for estimating volume 

between the 7-inch or 9-inch d.0.b. top and the 

4-inch d.0.b. top. They developed topwood ratio 

equations for each commercially important 

species by geographic area and for each species 

S~uthwide.~ 

ASCII data files containing the coefficients used to generate 

the volume tables presented are available on floppy disk from 

the Utilization of Southern Timber RWU, Southern Research 

Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 Green Street, 

Athens, GA 30602-2044. 
Literature Cited 

Cao, O.V.; Burkhart, H.E.; Max, T.A. 1 980. 

Evaluation of two methods for cubic-volume 

prediction of loblolly pine to any merchantable 

limit. Forest Science. 26(1):71-80. 

Clark, Alexander, 111; Souter, Ray A. 1994. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

South. Res. Pap. SE-290. Asheville, NC: U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 241 p. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1996a. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Appalachian Area. Res. Pap. SE-292. Asheville, 

NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Southern Research Station. 127 p. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1996b. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Arkansas Area. Res. Pap. SE-297. Asheville, 

NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Southern Research Station. 70 p. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1996c. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Deep South Area. Res. Pap. SE-293. Asheville, 

NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Southern Research Station. 131 p. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1996d. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Delta Area. Res. Pap. SE-298. Asheville, NC: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Southern Research Station. 87 p. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1996e. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain. Res. Pap. 

SE-294. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research 

Station. 105 p. 

Clark, Alexander, HI; Souter, Ray A.; Schlaegel, 

Bryce E. 1991. Stem profile equations for 

southern tree species. Res. Pap. SE-282. 

Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment 

Station. 1 13 p. 

Max, T.A.; Burkhart, H.E. 1976. Segmented 

polynomial regression applied to taper 

equations. Forest Science. 22(3):283-289. 

Schlaegel, Bryce E. 1983. Development of a form 

class taper model for willow oak. Athens, GA: 

University of Georgia. 69 p. Ph.D. dissertation. 

Clark, Alexander, Ill; Souter, Ray A. 1 996f. Stem 

cubic-foot volume tables for tree species in the 

Upper Coastal Plain. Res. Pap. SE-296. 

Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 

88 p. 
Wow To Use Volume Tables 

Content and Organization 

For each species or species group, this book 

presents stemwood volume in a series of five 

tables based on varying combinations of d.b.h. 

and height. The first shows volume for 

sawtimber trees based on d.b.h. and total height. 

The second shows volume for sawtimber trees 

based on d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top. 

The third shows volume for sawtimber trees 

based on d.b.h. and height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top 

for softwoods or height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top for 

hardwoods. The fourth shows volume for 

pulpwood trees based on d.b.h, and total height. 

The fifth shows pulpwood volume based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top. Each 

sawtimber table displays volume for softwoods 

(1 0-inches to 24-inches d. b.h.) and hardwoods 

(1 2-inches to 26-inches d.b.h.) in 16-foot log or 

in 8-foot half-log intervals in 2-inch d.b.h. 

classes. The saw-log volume tables also show 

average form class and volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. 

top, and to a 7-inch d.0.b. top for softwoods or 

to a 9-inch d.s.h, top for hardwoods. The 

pulpwood tables show volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. 

top for trees 5-inches to I 6-inches d.b.h in 5-foot 

height intervals and in I-inch d.b.h. classes. 

Finding Volume Estimates 

To use these tables you must know the species 

or species group, d.b.h., and an expression of 

height. You can look up stem volume based on 

total height or height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for 

pulpwood; based on total height, or height to a 

4-inch d.0.b. top for sawtimber; or based on 

height to a -/-inch d.0.b. top for softwood sawtimber or height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top for hardwood sawtimber. For sawtimber trees, you must 

also know the height to the saw-log 

merchantable4 top in logs and in half logs. For 

example, to determine the saw-log and topwood 

volume for an 18-inch, 3-log loblolly pine with a 

height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top of 60 feet, refer to 

the lndex of Volume Tables (page 3) for the table 

number of the loblolly pine volume table based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top (table 18). 

In table 18 locate the volume data for an I &inch 

d.b. h. tree with a height to 7'-inch top of 60 feet, 

If you look across this row you will find the sawlog volume under a 3-log merchantable stem 

(48.2 cubic feet). This same row also shows 

stem volume to a 7-inch and a 4-inch d.0.b. top 

and the estimated Girard Form Class of the tree. 

To estimate the volume of topwood between the 

saw-log merchantable top and 4-inch d.0.b. top, 

subtract the saw-log volume (48.2 cubic feet) 

from the volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top (53.4 

cubic feet) for a result of 5.2 cubic feet. 

If you do not know the height to a given top 

(total height, height to a 4-inch top, or height to a 

-/-inch or 9-inch top) for a sawtimber tree, you 

can use the total height tables for a rough 

estimate of volume, but only if you know the 

d.b.h. and saw-log merchantable height and have 

an estimate of Girard Form Class. Form class can 

be the species average for the geographic area 

from table iii or the species average for the area 

in which the tree is growing. For example, to 

determine the saw-log volume of a 14-inch 

shortleaf pine with a saw-log merchantable height 

of 2.5 logs, refer to the lndex of Volume Tables 

to find the table number for shortleaf pine based 

on d.b.h. and total height (table 6). 

" Saw-log merchantable height is (1) the height to local 

minimum d.0.b. top, or (2) the height where a whorl of three 

or more branches-whose diameters are equal to or greater 

than the diameter of the stem-occurs within a 1-foot stem 

section if there is not a minimum of 8 feet of clear stem above 

the whorl. 
Assume the average form class for shortleaf pine To determine the stem pulpwood volume of an 

in the area the tree was growing is 80. In table 6, 8-inch d.b.h. southern red oak with a height to a 

locate the volume data for merchantable stem and 4-inch d.0.b. top of 50 feet, refer to the Index of 

find the tree's saw-log merchantable volume for a Volume Tables for the table number based on 

14-inch d.b.h, tree with a form class of 80. Look d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch top (table 95). In 

across the row for the saw-log volume under a table 95, locate the volume data for an 8-inch 

merchantable 2.5-log stem (26.2 cubic feet). d.b.h, tree with a height to a 4-inch top of 50 

feet and find the tree's volume (8.7 cubic feet). 
Index of Volume Tables 

Tables available for estimating stemwood cubic-foot volume of sawtimber and 

pulpwood trees in the Piedmont by species and tree dimensions measured. 

Tree dimensions measured 

D.b.h. D.b.h, and height D.b.h. and height 

and total to 4-inch d.0.b. to 7- or 9-inch 

heinht top d.0.b. too 

Saw- Pulp- Saw- PulpSpecieslgroup Code timber wood timber wood Sawtimber 

Elm 

Hardwoods, hard 

Soft 

All 

Hickory 

Oak, ail 

All red 

All white 

Black 

Chestnut 

Post 

Scarlet 

Southern red 

Water 

White 

Pine, all 

Loblolly 

Longleaf 

All major 

Shortleaf 

Virginia 

Sweetgum 

Sycamore 

Yellow-poplar 

Table number - - - - - - - - - - - - 
Table 1--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to ?-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all pine species combined (species 100) in 

the Piedmont." 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-tog merchantabte height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

* includes 1 .@foot stump allowance. 
Table 2--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for ail pine species combined 

(species 100) in the Piedmont.* --- 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Seu-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top CLass 

Inches 

10 

- Feet ---------em---,.-- Cubic feet - - - - - - ----------- Percent 

a Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 3--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a ?-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all pine species combined 

(species 100) in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 7-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 -0-foot stump allowance. 
Table 4--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. and 

total-tree height for all pine species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont." 

Totat-tree height (feet) 

D.6.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 5--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. and 

height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all pine species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 6--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for shortleaf pine (species 110) in the 

Piedmont." 

Velum? to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7-inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top CLess 

Inches Feet ..------- Cubic feet - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 7--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for shortleaf pine (species 1 10) in 

the Piedm~nt.~ 

Vote to 

Height D.b.h. to 4-inch Sawlog merchantable height (16-foot togs) 7- inch 4- inch 

class d.o,b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top 

Gi rerd 

Fom 

C t ass 

Percent 

" includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 8--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for shortleaf pine (species 110) in 

the Piedmont." 

D.b.h. to 7-i&h Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------C&icfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 9--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. and 

total-tree height for shortleaf pine (species I 10) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) 

0.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

* Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 10--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for shortleaf pine (species I 10) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 1 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for longleaf pine (species 121) in the Piedmont.' 

0.b.h. tree Saw- log mrchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet Percent 

" Includes I .O-foot stump allovvance. 
Table 12--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to ?-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for longleaf pine (species 121 1 in 

the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot togs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Cless 

Inches Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - ----------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 13--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for longleaf pine (species 121 1 in 

the Piedmont." 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 7-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7-inch 4- inch Fonn 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d-0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes l .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 14--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for longleaf pine (species 121) in the Piedmont.* 

Total-tree height (feet) - ---..- 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Inches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 15--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.o.b, top for longlead pine (species 121 ) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

1 nches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 16--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for loblolly pine (species 131) in the Piedmont." 

Volm to 

Total Gi rard 

0.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o.b.top Class 

I nches 

10 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

* Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 17--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and +inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for loblolly pine (species 131) in 

the Piedmont." 

Votume to 

Height Ci rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log mrchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

I nches 

10 

- Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 18--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for loblolly pine (species 131) in 

the Piedmont.* 

Volumt? to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 7-inch Sau-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7- inch 4-inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

- Feet - Percent 

Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 19--Predicted stemwood volume to a $-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for ioblolly pine (species 131) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

ciass 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 20--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for loblolly pine (species 131 ) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

* Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 21--Predicted sternwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for major southern pines combined (species 11) 

in the Piedmont." -- -- 

Volume to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log mrchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Percent 

" Includes 1 -0-foot stump allowance. 
Table 22--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.o.b, tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a savv-log top for major southern pines combined 

(species 1 1 ) in the Piedmont.' 

Volune to 

Height Gi rerd 

I3.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

1 nches 

10 

- Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - -.- ----------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 23--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for major southern pines combined 

(species 1 1 ) in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 7-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 24--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for major southern pines combined (species 11) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

l3.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 25--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for major southern pines combined (species 11) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 26--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 'I-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont." -- 

V01~ to 

Total Gi rerd 

0.b.h. tree Saw-tog merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

- Feet ---------..- Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 27--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for Virginia pine (species 132) in 

the Piedmont." 

Votume to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Sax-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

10 

- Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - -. ----------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 28--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to ?-inch and $-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for Virginia pine (species 132) in 

the Piedmont.' 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 7-inch Saw-tog merchantable height (16-foot logs) 7-inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d,o.b. top Glass 

- Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Per cent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 29--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for Virginia pine (species 1321 in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D*b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Inches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 30--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont.' 

D.b.h. 

c 1 ass 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

Inches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 31--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) 

in the Piedmont." 

0.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -------* Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 32--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-tog top for all soft hardwoods combined 

(species 300) in the Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rerd 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Sax-Log mrchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Gubicfeet----------------- Percent 

' Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 

29 
Table 33-Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all soft hardwoods combined 

(species 300) in the Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

I2.b.h. to 9-inch Sex-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------c&icfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 

30 
Table 34--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in the Piedmont.. 

Total-tree height (feet) 

0.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

a Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 35--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. t~p in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.~.b, top for a11 soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

-- 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 36--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to %inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the Piedmont.' 

l3.b.h. tree Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .@foot stump allowance. 
Table 37--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Sau-log merchantable height (16-foot togs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.o.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet --*-------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - ----------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 38--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 39--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Inches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 40--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a $-inch d.0.b. top for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. too (feet1 - -- 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 41--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for yellow-poplar (species 621 1 in the 

Piedmont." 

Volw to 

Total Girard 

D.b.h. tree Sawtog wrchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4-inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b. top d,o.b, top Class 

Inches Feet - Percent 

" Includes I .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 42--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to %inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for yellow-poplar (species 621) in 

the Piedmont.@ 

Volm to 

Height Gi rard 

I3.b.h. to 4-inch Sau-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 43--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a %inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for yellow-poplar (species 621 ) in 

the Piedmont." 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubjcfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 44--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

-.-.... 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Inches 

5 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 45--Predicted stemwood volume to a $-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) - .-...- 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 46--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for sycamore (species 731) in the Piedmont.' 

Volurre to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log erchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.o.6. top Class 

Inches Feet .---- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 47--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for sycamore (species 731 ) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log mrchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 48--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for sycamore (species 73 1 ) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4-inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 49--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for sycamore (species 731) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b,h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 50--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for sycamore (species 731 1 in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 51--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont." 

0.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot togs) 9- inch 4- inch Fonn 

ctass height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o,b.top d.o.b.top Glass 

- Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent Inches 

12 

" includes 1 -0-foot stump allowance. 
Table 52--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top and height to a saw-log top for elm (species 970) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4-inch Fom 

ctass d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------*----- Cubic feet - - - - - - ----------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .@foot stump allowance. 
Table 53--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for elm (species 970) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Sax-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 54--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

Inches 

* Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 55--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top [feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Cylindrical volume assumed below breast height. 
Table 56--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) 

in the Piedmont.' 

Volume to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet ----..------------ Cubic feet - - - - - - -.,--- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 57--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all hard hardwoods combined 

(species 500) in the Piedmont.' 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - -.- am--- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 58--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all hard hardwoods combined 

(species 500) in the Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

l3.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.o.b,top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 

50 
Table 59--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 60--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

Inches ------------------Cubicfeet------------------- 

" lncludes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 61 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and $-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont.' 

V01~ to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o.b.top Class 

- Feet --..'--'.----------- Cubic feet - - - - - ------------ Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 62--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a &inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for hickory (species 400) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rsrd 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Sau-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d,o.b, top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

1 nches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 6%-Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch dab. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for hickory (species 400) in the 

Piedmont." - 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 9-inch Sax-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.o.b. top Class 

Inches 

-- 

-----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 64--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) 

I3.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Inches 

' Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 65--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch dab. top for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 66--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to %inch and &-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont.' 

Volm to 

TotaL Gi rard 

0.b.h. tree Sau-Log merchantabte height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d,o.b. top Class 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

a lncfudes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 67--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for white oak (species 802) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

D,b.h. to &-inch Sau-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Glass 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Gubicfeet----------------- Percent 

* Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 68--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for vvhite oak (species 802) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volm to 

Height G i rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Sax-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.o.b.top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o.b.top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 69--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) "*W.... 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 70--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 71 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for chestnut oak (species 832) in the 

Piedmont 

Volume to 

Total Ci rard 

I3.b.h. tree Saw-log mrchanteble height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Gubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 72--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for chestnut oak (species 832) in 

the Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Sau-log mzlrchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d,o.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------cubjcfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1.0-foot stump allowance. 
Table 73--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for chestnut oak (species 832) in 

the Piedmont.' 

Voltme! to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches && -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

a Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 74--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

* Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 75--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 76--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont.' 

D.b.h. tree Saw-Log mrchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

- Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 77--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for post oak (species 835) in the 

Piedmont." 

Vole to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h, to 4-inch Sew-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch F om class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------cubjcfeet-----.------------ Percent 

a Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 78--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for post oak (species 835) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Weight Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Sav- log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b- top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

* Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 79--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont." 

D.b.h. 

class 

Inches 

Total-tree height (feet) 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 80--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) W.Y.... 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

I nches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 81 --Predicted stemwood volume to a savv-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all white oaks combined (species 821 in the 

Piedmont." 

D.b.h. tree Ssx-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 82--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all white oaks combined 

(species 82) in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Ci rard 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4-inch Fom 

ctass d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------C&icfeet----------------- Percent 

includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 83--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all white oaks combined 

(species 82) in the Piedmont.' 

Votune to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 9-inch Saw- log merchantable height (16- foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class - -- 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

* Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 

70 
Table 84--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for all white oaks combined {species 82) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) D*b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

* Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 85--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all white oaks combined (species 821 in the Piedm~nt.~ 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) ".W.... 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

Inches 

5 

-- - 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Tabte 86--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top far scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont.' 

Volume to 

Total Gi rard 

0.b.h. tree Saw-log mrchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4-inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.o.b. top Class 

Inches Feet ----.. Percent 

' Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 87--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and $-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h,, height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for scarlet oak (species 806) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

I3.b.h. to 4-inch Sew-log nnerchentsble height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 88--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for scarlet oak (species 8061 in the 

Piedrn~nt.~ 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantabte height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch For@ 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b- top Class 

-----------------cubicfeet----------------- Pef cent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 89--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

I3.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

Inches 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 90--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont." 

D.b.h. 

c L ass 

Inches 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

------------------ Cubicfeet------------------- 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 91 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.o.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the 

Piedmont." 

Votune to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot togs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - ----------- Percent 

" includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 92--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for southern red oak (species 812) 

in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet ,---- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 93--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-tog merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-fog top for southern red oak (species 81 2) 

in the Piedmont." 

Votune to 

Height C i rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Sau-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

-- -- " Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 94--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

ciass 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 95--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

a Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 96--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont." 

Volw to 

Totat Gi rard 

bh tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.o.6. top Class 

Inches Fqet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

' Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 97--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for water oak (species 827) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rerd 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Sax- log merchentabte height (16-foot togs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -------- ---------Cubjcfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes I .O-foot stump allowance. 
Tabte 98--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for water oak (species 827) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rerd 

D.b.h, to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 99--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont." 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 100--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 101 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Sax-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 102--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for black oak (species 837) in the 

Piedmont." 

Votume to 

Height Girard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot togs) 9-inch 4- inch Fonn 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o,b.top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 103--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for black oak (species 837). in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fonn 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet -----------------C&icfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 104--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont.. 

Total-tree height (feet) D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

Inches ------------------ cubicfeet------------------- 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 105--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont.' 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

Inches ------------------Cubicfeet------------------- 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 106--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Total Gi rerd 

D.b.h. tree Saw-Log merchantabie height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fomr 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o.b.top Class 

Inches Feet Percent 

@ Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 107--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-tog merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all red oaks combined (species 

83) in the Piedmont." 

Votune to 

Height Gi rard 

l3.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b. top d.o.b. top Class 

I nches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

- " Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 108--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all red oaks combined (species 

83) in the Piedmont.' 

Votune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches Feet Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 109--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont.. 

Total-tree height (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 

Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Cylindrical volume assumed below breast height. 

Table 1 10--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont.. 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

I nches 

a Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Cylindrical volume assumed below breast height. 
Table 1 1 1 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-fog top for all oaks combined (species 800) in the 

Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Total Gi rard 

I3.b.h. tree Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet ----------------- Cubic feet - - - - - - Percent 

a Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 12--Predicted sternwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all oaks combined (species 8001 

in the Piedmont.' 

Volufne to 

Height Gi rard 

0.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Cless 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------c&icfeet----------------- Percent 

' lncludes l .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 13--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for all oaks combined (species 800) 

in the Piedmont." 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log rnerchentable height (16-foot logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.6. top d.0.b. top Class 

-----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 

94 
Table 1 14--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for all oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont.' 

Total-tree height (feet) 1.11.1. 

class 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95100105110 

Inches 

' lncludes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 11 5--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont.. 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) - .--..- 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

" Includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 16--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 

90) in the Piedmont.' 

Volume to 

Total Gi rard 

D.b.h. tree Sex-Log merchantable height (16-foot logs) 9-inch 4- inch Fom 

class height 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.o.b.top d.o.b.top Class 

Inches Feet ---------*------- Cubic feet - - - - - - - Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 11 7--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-tog merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log top for soft and hard hardwoods 

combined (species 90) in the Piedmont.' 

Volune to 

Height Gi rard 

D.b.h. to 4-inch Saw-log merchantable height (15-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class -- 

Inches - Feet Percent 

12 

Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 18--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 4-inch d.0.b. tops 

based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch dab. top and height to a saw-log top for soft and hard hardwoods 

combined (species 90) in the Piedmont." 

Volume to 

Height Gi rerd 

D.b.h. to 9-inch Saw-log merchantable height (16-foot Logs) 9- inch 4- inch Form 

class d.0.b. top 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 d.0.b. top d.0.b. top Class 

Inches 

12 

- Feet -----------------Cubicfeet----------------- Percent 

" Includes 1 .O-foot stump allowance. 
Table 1 1 9--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and total-tree height for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 90) in the Piedmont.* 

D.b.h. 

c 1 ass 

Inches 

Total-tree height (feet) 

" includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 

Table 120--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on d.b.h. 

and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 96) in the 

Piedmont." 

Tree height to 4-inch d.0.b. top (feet) 

D.b.h. 

class 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

Inches 

" includes 0.5-foot stump allowance. 
List of Figures and Tables 

Page 

Figure i--Seven geographical areas on which trees were sampled for equation development 

and verification. ...................................................... v 

Table i--Geographic areas in the Southern Region (USDA Forest Service) with a listing of 

National Forest System units in each. ....................................... v 

Table ii--Species and geographic areas for which volume tables are available. ........... vi 

Table iii--Trees measured for development of Piedmont volume tables by species 

and species groups. .................................................... vii 

Table I --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all pine 

species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont. ............................... 4 

Table 2--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all pine species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont. .................... 5 

Table 3--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all pine species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont. .................... 6 

Table 4--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for all pine species combined (species 100) in the Piedmont. ... 7 

Table 5--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all pine species combined (species 100) in the 

Piedmont. ........................................................... 7 

Table 6--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

shortleaf pine (species I 10) in the Piedmont. .................................. 8 

Table 7--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for shortleaf pine (species 1 10) in the Piedmont. ............................ 9 

Table 8--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for shortleaf pine (species 1 10) in the Piedmont. ........................... 10 

Table 9--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for shortleaf pine (species 1 10) in the Piedmont. .......... 1 1 
Table 10--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for shortleaf pine (species 1 10) in the Piedmont. .. 1 1 

Table I I --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

longleaf pine (species I 2 1 ) in the Piedmont. ................................. 1 2 

Table 12--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to -/-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for longleaf pine (species 121 ) in the Piedmont. ............................ 13 

Table 13--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for longleaf pine (species 121) in the Piedmont. ............................ 14 

Table 14--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for longleaf pine (species 1 21 ) in the Piedmont. ........... 1 5 

Table 15--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for longleaf pine (species 1 2 1 ) in the Piedmont. .. I 5 

Table 16--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for loblolly 

pine (species 131 ) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 16 

Table 17--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for loblolly pine (species 131) in the Piedmont. ............................. 17 

Table 18--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for loblolly pine (species 131) in the Piedmont. ............................. 18 

Table 19--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for loblolly pine (species 13 1 ) in the Piedmont. ............ 1 9 

Table 20--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.o.b. top for loblolly pine (species 131 1 in the Piedmont. ... 19 

Table 21--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for major 

southern pines combined (species 1 1) in the Piedmont. ......................... 20 

Table 22--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for major southern pines combined (species 1 1) in the Piedmont. ................ 21 
Table 23--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for major southern pines combined (species I I) in the Piedmont. ................ 

Table 24--Predicted stemwood volume to a $-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for major southern pines combined (species 1 I) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 

Table 25--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for major southern pines combined (species I I) in 

thepiedmont. ....................................................... 

Table 26--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for Virginia 

pine (species 132) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 

Table 27--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont. ............................ 

Table 28--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 7-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 7-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont. ............................ 

Table 29--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont. ........... 

Table 30--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for Virginia pine (species 132) in the Piedmont. ... 

Table 31 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h.. total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all soft 

hardwoods combined (species 300) in the Piedmont. ........................... 

Table 32--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in the Piedmont. ................ 

Table 33--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in the Piedmont. ................ 

Table 34--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 
Table 35--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all soft hardwoods combined (species 300) in 

the Piedmont. ....................................................... 3 1 

Tabie 36--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

sweetgum (species 61 I )in the Piedmont. ................................... 32 

Table 37--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for sweetgum (species 61 I) in the Piedmont. .............................. 33 

Table 38--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for sweetgum (species 61 I) in the Piedmont. .............................. 34 

Table 39--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for sweetgum (species 61 1 ) in the Piedmont. ............. 35 

Table 40--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for sweetgum (species 61 1) in the Piedmont. .... 35 

Table 41--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont. ................................. 36 

Table 42--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont. ............................ 37 

Table 43--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont. ............................ 38 

Table 44--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont. ........... 39 

Table 45--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for yellow-poplar (species 621) in the Piedmont. .. 39 

Table 46--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

sycamore (species 731) in the Piedmont. .................................... 40 

Table 47--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for sycamore (species 731) in the Piedmont. .............................. 41 
Table 48--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-tog 

top for sycamore (species 731) in the Piedmont. .............................. 42 

Table 49--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d,o.b, top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for sycamore (species 731 ) in the Piedmont. ............. 43 

Table 50--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for sycamore (species 731 ) in the Piedmont. ..... 43 

Table 51--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d,o.b, tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for elm 

(species 970) in the Piedmont. ........................................... 44 

Table 52--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont. ................................... 45 

Table 53--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont. ................................... 46 

Table 54--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont. .................. 47 

Table 55--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for elm (species 970) in the Piedmont. ......... 47 

Table 56--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all hard 

hardwoods combined (species 500) in the Piedmont. ........................... 48 

Table 57--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) in the Piedmont. ................ 49 

Table 58--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all hard hardwoods combined {species 500) in the Piedmont. ................ 50 

Table 59--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 51 

Table 60--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all hard hardwoods combined (species 500) in 

the Piedmont. ....................................................... 5 1 
Table 61--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d,b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for hickory 

(species 400) in the Piedmont. ........................................... 52 

Table 62--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont. ................................ 53 

Table 63--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont. ................................ 54 

Table 64-Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.o.b, top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont. ............... 55 

Table 65--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for hickory (species 400) in the Piedmont. ...... 55 

Table 66--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for white 

oak (species 802) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 56 

Table 67--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont. .............................. 57 

Table 68--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont. .............................. 58 

Table 69--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont. ............. 59 

Table 70--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for white oak (species 802) in the Piedmont. .... 59 

Table 71--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont. ................................. 60 

Table 72--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont. ............................ 61 

Table 73--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont. ............................ 62 
Table 74--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont. ........... 63 

Table 75--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for chestnut oak (species 832) in the Piedmont. .. 63 

Table 76--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for post 

oak (species 835) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 64 

Table 77--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont. ............................... 65 

Table 78--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont. ............................... 66 

Table 79--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont. .............. 67 

Table 80--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for post oak (species 835) in the Piedmont. ..... 67 

Table 81 --Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all 

white oaks combined (species 82) in the Piedmont. ............................ 68 

Table 82--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all white oaks combined (species 82) in the Piedmont. ..................... 69 

Table 83--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all white oaks combined (species 82) in the Piedmont. ..................... 70 

Table 84--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for ail white oaks combined (species 82) in the Piedmont. .... 71 

Table 85--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all white oaks combined (species 82) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 71 

Table 86--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for scarlet 

oak (species 806) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 72 
Table 87--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont. ............................. 73 

Table 88--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont. ............................. 74 

Table 89--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.o.b, top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont. ............ 75 

Table 90--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for scarlet oak (species 806) in the Piedmont. .... 75 

Table 91--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for 

southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont. .............................. 76 

Table 92--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont. ......................... 77 

Table 93--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont. ......................... 78 

Table 94--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the Piedmont. ........ 79 

Table 95--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for southern red oak (species 81 2) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 79 

Table 96--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for water 

oak (species 827) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 80 

Table 97--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont. .............................. 81 

Table 98--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont. .............................. 82 

Table 99--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont. ............. 83 
Table 100--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for water oak (species 827) in the Piedmont. .... 83 

Table 101--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-fog merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for black 

oak (species 837) in the Piedmont. ........................................ 84 

Table 102--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont. .............................. 85 

Table 103--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont. .............................. 86 

Table 104--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont. ............. 87 

Table 105--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for black oak (species 837) in the Piedmont. ..... 87 

Table 106--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all red 

oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont. ................................. 38 

Table 107--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont. ....................... 89 

Table 108--Predicted sternwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont. ....................... 90 

Table 109--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the Piedmont. ...... 91 

Table I 10--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all red oaks combined (species 83) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 91 

Table I I I--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for all 

oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont. ................................ 92 

Table 11 2--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont. ........................ 93 
Table 1 13--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for all oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont. ........................ 94 

Table 114--Predicted stemwood volume to a +inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and total-tree height for all oaks combined (species 800) in the Piedmont. ....... 95 

Table 11 5--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for all oaks combined (species 800) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 95 

Table 11 &-Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., total-tree height and height to a saw-log top for soft 

and hard hardwoods combined (species 90) in the Piedmont. ..................... 96 

Table 11 7--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 90) in the Piedmont. ............. 97 

Table 11 8--Predicted stemwood volume to a saw-log merchantable top, and to 9-inch and 

4-inch d.0.b. tops based on d.b.h., height to a 9-inch d.0.b. top and height to a saw-log 

top for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 90) in the Piedmont. ............. 98 

Table 11 9--Predicted sternwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h, and total-tree height for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 90) in the 

Piedmont. .......................................................... 99 

Table 120--Predicted stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.0.b. top in pulpwood trees based on 

d.b.h. and height to a 4-inch d.0.b. top for soft and hard hardwoods combined (species 

90) in the Piedmont. .................................................. 99