United States 

Department of 

Agriculture 

Changes in Florida's Industrial 

Forest Service Roundwood Products Output, *"rr5' @J 1977-1 987 w?MJ 

Southeastern Forest Edgar L. Davenport 

Experiment Station John B. Tansey 

Resource Bulletin 

SE-116 
The Authors: 

Edgar L. Davenport and John 8. Tansey 

are Resource Technician and Resource Forester, 

respectively, with the Forest Inventory and 

Analysis group, Southeastern Forest 

Experiment Station, Asheville, NC. 

December I990 

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station 

P.O. Box 2680 

Asheville. North Cardina 28802 
Changes in Florida's Industrial 

Roundwood Products Output, 

Edgar L. Davenport and John B. Tansey 

Highlights 

Nearly 480 million cubic feet of industrial roundwood products were harvested from 

Florida's forests during 1987, 48 percent more than in 1977. Saw logs and pulpwood 

were the leading roundwood products, with pulpwood accounting for 60 percent and 

saw logs for 30 percent of the 1987 total output. Output of all major industrial roundwood 

products increased between 1977 and 1987--saw logs by 77 percent, veneer logs by 

163 percent, and pulpwood by 26 percent. 

Byproduct outp& rose from 99 million cubic feet in 1977 to 170 million cubic feet in 

1987. Only 285,000 cubic feet of residues, less than 1 percent of the total produced, 

were not used. Improvements have been made in the use of all types of residue--bark, 

coarse, and fines. Plant byproducts are used mainly for fiber products and industrial 

fuel. 

A total of 143 primary wood-using plants operated in Florida during 1987, a net increase 

of 3 mills since 1977. The number of sawmills and veneer mills has declined since 

1977, while the number of pulpmills remained the same. In contrast, the number of 

plants manufacturing other miscellaneous industrial timber products has increased by 

15. Florida was a net importer of industrial roundwood in 1987; mill receipts of more 

than 537 million cubic feet exceeded timber products drain by 12 percent. Average 

annual removals of growing stock from Florida's timberland totaled nearly 541 million 

cubic feet between 1980 and 1987. 35 percent more than from 1970 to 1979. 

Keywords: Saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, mill residues 
Background and Study Methods 

The sixth forest inventory of Florida was completed wood used by primary processing plants is referred 

in 1987; it provides estimates of inventories, growth, to as 'industrial roundwood production' or 'industrial 

and removals of timber on Florida's timberland. timber product output.' All primary mills are canvassed 

Currently, Florida's timber production is Surveyed for volume of roundwood receipts and source by 

roughly every 6 years. To supplement the inventory county. 

information collected during these surveys, all primary 

wood-using plants in the State are periodically For inventory and reporting purposes, Forest Inventory 

canvassed to determine amount and source of wood and Analysis (FIA), divides Florida into survey units: 

receipts, annual timber product drain in each county, Northwest, Northeast, Central, and South Florida (fig. 

1). Since the output of industrial roundwood products 

and interstate and cross-regi 

in Florida every 2 years between 1969 and 1983. 

Since 1984, canvasses have been conducted annually. Out-ofState mills using Florida logs or bolts are 

also canvassed. Each mill is canvassed by mail or 

personal contact. These studies are a cooperative 

project involving the Southeastern Forest Experiment 

Station in the USDA Forest Service and the Division CENTRAL 

of Forestry in the Florida Department of Agriculture 

and Consumer Services. This Bulletin reports the 

findings of the 1987 canvass and presents the 

changes in product output and residue use that 

have occurred since 1977. 

Since one objective of commodity drain surveys is to 

determine the volume of roundwood timber products 

removed from the State's timberland in a given year, 

only primary wood-using mills are canvassed. Primary 

wood-using mills are those that process roundwood 

or chips received from the forest. Examples of 

industrial roundwood products are saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, poles, and cooperage logs. Plants 

that utilize processed products, such as lumber, in 

the manufacture of secondary wood products, such 

as furniture, are not canvassed. They are excluded 

because they have little direct control on the removal 

of roundwood from timberland and usually do not 

actively harvest roundwood. The total harvest of 

Figure 1--Forest survey regions in Florida. 
in South Florida is low in relation to other FIA survey this 10-year period were pulpwood and saw logs. 

units, the Central and South Units were combined which respectively accounted for 60 and 30 percent 

for reporting purposes in this Bulletin and are referred of the roundwood produced in 1987. Collectively, 

to as 'Central-South Florida.' output of these products for both softwood and 

hardwood totaled nearly 431 million cubic feet. 

Resource Trends 

Saw Logs 

Between 1980 and 1987, timberland in Florida 

decreased by 682,000 acres, or by more than 4 

percent. That rate of timberland diversion is about 

the same as in the previous decade. More than half 

of the lost timberland was cleared for urban development. During the same period, about 296,000 acres 

were harvested annually and remained in timberland. 

Annual removals of growing stock rose by 35 percent 

since the previous survey and in 1987 totaled nearly 

541 million cubic feet. Bechtold and others' show 

that softwood removals increased by 48 percent to 

474 million cubic feet, while hardwood removals 

declined by 18 percent to 66 million cubic feet. 

Utilization of growing-stock has improved markedly. 

In 1979, 72 percent of all growing-stock removals 

were used for products (table 1). By 1987, that figure 

rose to 81 percent. Loses to logging residues and 

trees felled and left in land-clearing operations both 

declined. Improved utilization translated into a greater 

volume of roundwood product output on an approximately equal area of timber harvested. 

Industrial Roundwood Product Output 

Industrial roundwood product output in 1987 was 

almost 480 million cubicfeet, an increase of 48 percent 

from the 323 million cubic feet produced in 1977 

(table 2). Softwood roundwood drain totaled 453 

million cubic feet and accounted for 94 percent of 

the total output in 1987. Output of softwood roundwood products for 1987 was 56 percent more than 

in 1977. Hardwood roundwood product output totaled 

over 26 million cubic feet, 20 percent less than in 

1977. The leading roundwood products throughout 

Saw-log output in 1977 totaled 80.3 million cubic 

feet (438.0 million board feet, International 114-inch 

rule). Output rose dramatically between 1977 and 

1979, almost entirely due to softwood increases. 

Between 1977 and 1979, several sawmills modernized 

and increased capacity. In addition, several new 

mills came on line. After 1979, output leveled somewhat for the remainder of the period. Production for 

the period was highest in 1986 at 149.9 million cubic 

feet. and dropped slightly in 1987 to 142.3 million 

cubic feet (777.1 million board feet). Softwoods made 

up between 93 and 98 percent of the total saw-log 

output for most of the period. Softwood saw-log 

production increased during the period and accounted 

for 26 percent of the total softwood roundwood output 

of all products in 1977 and for 31 percent in 1987. 

On the other hand, hardwood saw logs accounted 

for 18 percent of production in 1977 but for only 12 

percent in 1987. 

Veneer Logs 

Output of veneer logs for 1987 totaled 29.2 million 

cubic feet (150.0 million board feet). more than 2.6 

times the output for 1977. Veneer logs accounted for 

3 percent of the annual roundwood output in 1977 

and for 7 percent in 1987. Output of softwood veneer 

logs, as with output of saw logs, rose significantly 

between 1977 and 1987, from 7.9 million cubic feet 

to 27.7 million cubic feet. Veneer-log output responded 

to an upturn in the economic situation following slow 

production years in the early 1980's. The veneer 

industry in Florida continues to be dominated by 

softwood, with pine plywood the principal product; 

out~ut of hardwood veneer logs declined from 3.2 

milion cubic feet to 1.5 millioncubic feet. Hardwood 

veneer-log production was greatest in 1984 at 4.7 

million cubic feet. Aithough the current situation 

'Bechtold. William A,; Brown. Mark J.; Sheffield. Raymond M. 1990. 

Florida's forests, 1987. Resour. Bull. SE-110. Asheville, NC: U.S. looks favorable, reconstituted panel products may 

nannrtment of ~~~i~~~h~~~ Forest service Southeastern Forest capture portions of the plywood market in the future. - . -. .. . . . . . . - , . . =. . . -.. . . . , . . . . . .. - . . . . . ,

ExDeriment Station. 83 DD. Ai vet, no mills producing structural panels are in 
Pulpwood 

Output of round pulpwood (including roundwood 

chipped) generally increased during the period. It 

rose from 228.7 million cubic feet (2.96 million cords) 

in 1977 to 288.5 million cubic feet in 1987. Some 

small declines in output occurred in 1985 and 1986. 

Pulpwood has historically been the leading roundwood 

product in Florida, as in most of the Southeast. 

Between 1977 and 1987, pulpwood accounted for as 

much as 71 percent of total annual roundwood output 

and for as little as 56 percent. Softwoods accounted 

for 88 to 92 percent of annual pulpwood production. 

In addition to roundwood, about 69.9 million cubic 

feet of primary mill residues were utilized as pulp 

furnish in 1987. This material accounted for about 20 

percent of the total output of 358.4 million cubic feet. 

Miscellaneous lndustrial Products 

Other industrial roundwood products cut and processed in Florida include poles, commercial posts, 

and mulch. Industrial and domestic fuelwood are 

excluded from this report because we had no reliable 

method for estimating their production. In 1987, 

output of miscellaneous industrial timber products 

totaled 20.0 million cubic feet, about 4 percent of the 

total industrial timber products output. Nearly all of 

this output was softwood, and mulch accounted for 

the largest volume. 

Logglng Residue 

In the process of harvesting timber products, considerable volume can be left in the woods. Logging residue 

includes all wood fiber left behind from trees cut 

during logging operations and not subsequently 

used. Examples are high stumps, unutilized 

merchantable-size tops, and merchantable-size whole 

trees that are cut or knocked over and left. Results 

of 100 random samples of active logging operations 

across the State show that between 1980 and 1986, 

some 31.4 million cubic feet of growing stock were 

left in the woods annually in the form of logging 

residues. The loss is the equivalent of 404,000 cords 

of pulpwood. Between 1979 and 1987, however. the 

loss was reduced by 17 percent. 

Number of Mills and Receipts 

The number of primary wood-using plants increased 

from 140 in 1977 to 143 in 1987 but has fluctuated 

throughout the decade (table 3). The number of 

operating mills peaked at 180 in 1981, 137 of these 

were sawmills. Opening and closing of sawmills 

caused most of the annual fluctuations, but the 

increase in number of mills producing miscellaneous 

products was the reason for the overall net increase 

in mill numbers late in the period. 

Overall, number of sawmills declined. During recession 

years, many small sawmills shut down. When lumber 

demand and lumber prices increase, mills reopen or 

new small mills come on line. Meanwhile, in the long 

term, renovation, expansion, and modernization have 

been reducing the number of sawmills operating in 

Florida and increasing their average production. In 

1977, 104 sawmills had receipts of nearly 467 million 

board feet (85.6 million cubic feet). By 1987, 97 mills 

had receipts of nearly 826 million board feet. A much 

greater share of production was concentrated at 

fewer mills; 7 mills, each with annual receipts in excess 

of 50 million board feet, accounted for nearly 65 

percent of the total saw-log receipts for all mills. 

Ten pulpmills were in operation in Florida in 1987, 

the same as in 1977. The pulping industry also 

experienced renovation and expansion: daily pulping 

capacity increased from 10,400 tons to 11,600 tons. 

Annual total mill receipts rose from 3.6 million cords 

(277.0 million cubic feet) in 1977 to 4.1 million cords 
(319.4 million cubic feet) by 1987. Six of the 10 

pulpmills are in the Northeast region and 4 are in 

the Northwest region (fig. 2). 

Ten veneer and plywood mills operated in Florida 

between 1977 and 1984. By 1987, that number of 

mills was reduced to five. However, as with other 

products, technological advances have increased 

the efficiency of processing. Mill receipts for the 

manufacture of softwood and hardwood plywood 

and for veneer products increased from around 68 

million board feet in 1977 to over 156 million board 

feet in 1987. 

The number of plants manufacturing other miscellaneous products, such as poles, posts, and mulch, 

increased from 16 in 1977 to 31 in 1987. Of these 31 

Sawmills 

A Other miscellaneous mills 

0 Veneer mills 

0 Pulpmills 

Note: Mill locations within counties 

are not accurate. 

miscellaneous mills, 18 are mulch mills that opened 

in 1984 and are still operating. These mulch mills are 

located primarily in the Northeast and Central-South 

regions. In 1987 these mills had receipts of 13.1 

million cubic feet of whole-tree cypress. 

Roundwood Movement 

In both 1977 and 1987, Florida's forest products 

industry was a net importer of roundwood, particularly 

softwood. During this 10-year period, however, imports 

declined by a greater proportion than exports. In 

1977, industrial roundwood receipts exceeded timber 

drain by 19 percent; in 1987, receipts of 537.5 million 

cubic feet exceeded 480 million cubic feet of industrial 

roundwood drain by only 12 percent (table 4). In 

Figure 2--Location of primary wood-using plants in Florida, 1987. 
1987, more than 9 percent of the State's roundwood 

output, or 43.1 million cubic feet, was shipped to 

other States, while 100.7 million cubic feet were 

imported from neighboring States. In 1977, hardwood 

exports almost equaled imports. For softwoods, 

imports of 99.8 million cubic feet are more than 2.5 

times the volume of exports. 

In 1987, receipts of most major industrial products, 

both softwood and hardwood, exceeded timber drain 

(table 5). lmports of softwood saw log, veneer log. 

and pulpwood exceeded exports by 298, 74, and 87 

percent, respectively. lmports of hardwood pulpwood 

exceeded exports by more than fivefold. 

Plant Byproduct Use 

In 1987, 169.6 million cubic feet of residues were 

generated at wood-using mills in Florida during the 

processing of primary timber products. Residue 

generation is up 72 percent since 1977 (table 6). 

Overall, mill utilization has become more efficient, 

reducing the volume of residues generated per unit 

volume of wood processed. 

Of the total volume of residues generated (including 

bark, coarse, and fine), 45 percent was used as a 

roundwood substitute in the manufacture of a primary 

product. More than 49.1 million cubic feet of residues 

were used in the production of fiber products. About 

15 percent of the total output of fiber products was 

from residues. More than 23.6 million cubic feet of 

residues were used in the manufacture of other 

industrial products such as particleboard. About 4.0 

million cubic feet of residues, primarily veneer-log 

cores, were substituted for roundwood in the manufacture of sawn products such as landscape timbers. 

An additional 92.6 million cubic feet of residues were 

used as industrial or domestic fuel. Less than 1 percent 

of all residues were not used. Mill residues accounted 

for about 14 percent of total primary product production in 1987. 

More than 99 percent of the mill residues generated 

in each class (coarse, fine, and bark) during 1987 

were utilized. Bark residue is used primarily for 

industrial fuel; about 8 percent of the total bark residue 

is used for landscape nuggets and mulch (table 7). 

Coarse residues are used primarily for fiber products 

(75 percent), miscellaneous products such as 

reconstituted board products (1 1 percent), industrial 

fuel (7 percent), and sawn or specialty products (6 

percent). Fine residues (sawdust and shavings) are 

used principally as industrial fuel (74 percent). Five 

percent of the fine residues generated are used in 

the manufacture of particleboard, and 15 percent for 

miscellaneous products. 

Regional Trends 

Northeast Region 

Average annual softwood removals of timber for all 

uses between 1980 and 1987 totaled 290.3 million 

cubic feet. That average is 56 percent higher than 

the average between 1970 and 1980. Hardwood 

removals increased by 18 percent to 39.7 million 

cubic feet for the latest survey. This corresponds to 

changes in annual timber products output in this 

region. Timber products output totaled 298.8 million 

cubic feet in 1987, up 46 percent from 1977 (table 

8). Softwood accounted for 95 percent of the total 

output in 1987. Sixty-two percent of the State's total 

roundwood output for 1987, including both softwood 

and hardwood, was cut from this 21-county Northeast 

region. 

In 1987, pulpwood accounted for 61 percent of total 

industrial output in Northeast Florida; saw logs 

accounted for 30 percent. Seventy-two percent of 

the State's 29.2 million cubic feet of veneer logs cut 

during 1987 came from this region. 

The Northeast region is a net importer of industrial 

roundwood. Mills in this region imported more than 

49.7 million cubic feet, including about 46 million 

cubic feet from out of State, primarily from Georgia. 

and 3.7 million cubic feet from other regions within 

State. Exports from this region totaled 30.6 million 

cubic feet. 
Northwest Reglon 

The 16-county Northwest region accounted for 32 

percent of the State's industrial roundwood output in 

1987. Total output of industrial roundwood was almost 

153.4 million cubic feet in 1987, 50 percent more 

than 1977 (table 9). Softwood accounted for 92 

percent of the output. As in the Northeast region, 

pulpwood and saw logs accounted for most of the 

output of industrial timber products; pulpwood 

accounted for 63 percent and saw logs for 30 percent. 

The Northwest region is also a net importer of industrial 

roundwood. In 1987, imports totaled 44.7 million 

cubic feet and exports totaled 14.2 million cubic feet. 

Pulpwood accounted for the bulk of imports. Almost 

all of the pulpwood was imported from Georgia and 

Alabama. 

Central-South Region 

This 30-county region includes all of southern Florida 

from Key West to a northern boundary comprised of 

Citrus, Surnter, Lake, and Seminole Counties. Timber 

production is not as significant in this region as in 

the two northern regions; crop production, grazing, 

tourism, and recreation dominate land use. Due to 

increased urbanization and continued agricultural 

and grazing use, timberland areashrank by 10 percent 

between 1980 and 1988 and accounted for only 20 

percent of the region's total land area in 1988. 

Softwood growing-stock removals for the period 

between 1980 and 1987 amounted to 42.6 million 

cubic feet annually, about 9 percent of the State's 

total softwood removals. Land use changes and land 

clearing accounted for a relatively large proportion of 

roundwood removals in the CentralSouth region. 

For this reason, timber production accounted for a 

smaller proportion of total removals in that region 

than elsewhere. 

Annual removals of hardwood growing stock totaled 

5.4 million cubic feet, down 75 percent from the 

previous survey period. Hardwood removals in this 

region account for about 8 percent of the State total. 

Timber products output of 27.8 million cubic feet in 

1987 accounted for about 6 percent of the State's 

total industrial timber products output (table 10). 

Softwood output increased by 69 percent between 

1977 and 1987 to 26.6 million cubic feet; hardwood 

output declined by 23 percent to 1.2 million cubic 

feet. 

About 63 percent of the 1987 output was retained 

for use within this region. CentralSouth Florida 

supports only 50 mills, including 37 small sawmills 

and 12 miscellaneous product mills producing 

primarily posts and mulch. Including both wood 

movement between other regions within State and 

wood exported to other States, the CentralSouth 

region is a net exporter of industrial roundwood. 

About 96 percent of all exports are to Florida's northern 

regions; only 4 percent are out of State. Pulpwood 

accounts for a majorii of the exports. 
Definition of Terms 

Consumption. The quantity of a commodity, such as 

pulpwood, utilized. 

Exports. The volume of roundwood products utilized 

by mills outside the geographic area where timber 

was cut. 

Industrial roundwood products. Any primary use of 

the main stem of a tree, such as saw logs, poles, 

pilings, veneer logs, pulpwood, posts, cooperage 

logs, or fuelwood. 

Industrial timber products. All timber products 

manufactured from either roundwood or plant byproducts, except firewood. 

Imports. The volume of roundwood delivered to a 

mill or group of mills in a specific geographic area 

but harvested from outside that particular area. 

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the 

production of timber products at primary manufacturing plants. 

Coarse residues. Suitable for chipping such as slabs, 

edgings, trim, veneer cores, and ends. 

Fine residues. Not suitable for chipping such as 

sawdust, shavings, and veneer clippings. 

Primary wood-using plants. Industries which receive 

roundwood or chips from roundwood for the manufacture of products such as veneer and lumber. 

Receipts. The quantity or volume of industrial 

roundwood products received at a mill or by a group 

of mills in a geographic area, regardless of the 

geographic source. Volume of roundwood receipts is 

equal to the volume of roundwood retained in a 

geographic location plus roundwood products 

imported from other locations. 

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for 

industrial manufacture, delivered to non-pulpmills, 

chipped, and then sold to pulpmills for use as fiber. 

includes chipped tops, jump sections, whole trees, 

and pulpwood sticks. 

Roundwood product drain. That portion of total 

drain used for a product. 

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards of 

diameter, length, and defect, including logs at least 

8 feet long, sound and straight, and with a minimum 

diameter inside bark of 6 inches for softwoods and 

8 inches for hardwoods. 

Timber products output. Roundwood production in 

an area's forests (equals roundwood product drain). 

Timber removals. The merchantable volume of trees 

removed from the timberland inventory by hawesting, 

cultural operations such as stand improvement, land 

clearing, or changes in land use. 

Veneer log. Logs to be used in the production of 

plywood, finished panels, or veneer sheets, both 

rotary cut and sliced. 

Roundwood. Logs, bolts, or other round sections 

cut from trees for industrial manufacture or consumer 

use. 
Saw logs 

Softwood 

Hardwood 

Veneer logs 

Softwood 

Hardwood 

Pulpwood b 

Softwood 

Hardwood 

a Conversion Factors 

0.18296 cubic foot = 1 board foot 

5.47 board feet = 1 cubic foot 

0.18866 cubic foot = 1 board foot 

5.30 board feet = I cubic foot 

0.19585 cubic foot = 1 board foot 

5.11 board feet = 1 cubic foot 

0.17362 cubic foot = 1 board foot 

5.76 board feet = 1 cubic foot 

76.99 cubic feet/cord 

79.33 cubic feet/cord 

a Conversion factors vary with stem size (d.b.h.) and 

species. The factors shown are for the average diameters 

of trees removed in Florida during the latest survey period. 

'cubic feet of solid wood per cord. 
if 3 Pmwm 

m o P- ..a3mmm0 3 
Table 2--Output of industrial roundwood products by year, product and species group, 

Florida, 1977-87 

Product and species group 

Year 

A11 

products Saw logs Veneer logs ~ul~wood~ Other 

industrial 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

HARDWOOD 

ALL SPECIES 

a Includes roundwood chipped at other primary wood-using plants. 

Table 4--Industrial roundwood movement, by year and species group, Florida, 1977 and 

1987 

Year Output Retained Exports Imports Receipts 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

HARDWOOD 

ALL SPECIES 
a a 3 moo 

m 7100 

Z 82-5 

€+ 3%!+ 

a0 m rlmx 

1 

PI 
Table 6--Output of timber products from plant byproducts, by year, product and species group, Florida, 1977-87 

Year 

Product and species group 

All Fuelwood, 

uses Fiber Sawn Other domestic No t 

products products industriala and used 

industrial 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

1,534 14,916 

158 19,463 

0 19,205 

480 19,023 

467 19,202 

480 25,722 

5,751 21,048 

4,025 22,476 

HARDWOOD 

2 1,274 

0 1,526 

0 2,194 

5 1,656 

23 1,024 

0 1,916 

0 771 

0 1,086 

ALL SPECIES 

1,536 16,190 

158 20,989 

0 21,399 

485 20,679 

490 20,226 

480 27,638 

5,751 21,819 

4.025 23.562 

a Other includes particleboard, charcoal, and other miscellaneous. 
E6z'L 99 LEZ''~ 5Z0"i t 6E EZI L66'LV SLZL*19 IElOL 

SZZ E'7 EOE 0 Z6T 0 ZO? 591'1 poonpleH 

890'1 EZ '7E6'E SZO''~ IOZ EZT 565'1'1 011'E9 poonl3os 

asxeo3 

L861 'spyxo~d 'asn pus dnoxS sa~~ads 'anpysax $0 adX1 Xq 's3ua1d Sursn-poon Xaarnrxd 1s sanprsal $0 asn aqp-1 aIqeJ, 
Table 8--Output of industrial products, by county and species group, Northeast Florida, 

1977-87 

County 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Alachua 

Baker 

Bradford 

Clay 

Columbia 

Dixie 

Duval 

Flagler 

Gilchrist 

Hamilton 

Lafayette 

Levy 

Madison 

Marion 

Nassau 

Putnam 

St. Johns 

Suwannee 

Taylor 

Union 

Volusia 

Total 

Alachua 

Baker 

Bradford 

Clay 

Columbia 

Dixie 

Duval 

Flagler 

Gilchrist 

Hamilton 

Lafayette 

Levy 

Madison 

Marion 

Nassau 

Putnam 

St. Johns 

Suwannee 

Taylor 

Union 

Volusia 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

HARDWOOD 

Total 20,638 25,466 22,994 22,677 18,499 20,116 17,462 13,488 . --- ---- - - 

Continued 
Table 8--Output of industrial products; by county and species group, Northeast Florida, 

1977-87--Continued 

County 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Alachua 

Baker 

Bradford 

Clay 

Columbia 

Dixie 

Duva 1 

Flagler 

Gilchrist 

Hamilton 

Lafayette 

Levy 

Madison 

Marion 

Nassau 

Putnam 

St. Johns 

Suwannee 

Taylor 

Union 

Volusia 

Thousand cubic feet 

ALL SPECIES 

Total 204,040 262,251 250,730 278,906 263,815 268,697 267,854 298,771 
Table 9--Output of industrial products, by county and species group, Northwest Florida, 

1977-87 

County 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Bay 

Calhoun 

Escambia 

Franklin 

Gadsden 

Gulf 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Leon 

Liberty 

Okaloosa 

Santa Rosa 

Wakul la 

Wal ton 

Washington 

Total 

Bay 

Calhoun 

Escambia 

Franklin 

Gadsden 

Gulf 

Ho lme s 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Leon 

Liberty 

Okaloosa 

Santa Rosa 

Wakulla 

Walton 

Washington 

Total 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

HARDWOOD 

2 1 22 45 2 506 152 82 20 105 

43 1 1,223 808 1,109 1,217 1,855 1,672 492 

56 9 7 197 288 234 185 626 1,228 

26 5 0 0 0 0 10 66 

1,347 2,321 241 1,525 1,833 1,251 1,473 1,967 

12 59 338 240 80 9 112 120 

61 1 867 1,741 1,253 991 996 810 954 

1,486 2,310 1,977 3,002 3,074 2,145 2,301 2,505 

926 1,761 593 25 1 300 496 349 629 

530 1,168 496 227 201 588 236 283 

767 2,270 1,257 1,703 1,386 317 3 14 92 

134 92 174 560 178 12 520 707 

29 113 95 46 96 145 85 648 

348 863 521 53 58 61 50 66 

2,357 1,717 1,899 775 619 1,073 728 1,246 

1,771 632 2,003 1,006 1,074 970 587 603 

10,852 15,520 12,792 12,544 11,493 10,185 9,893 11,711 

Continued 
Table 9--Output of industrial products, by county and species group, Northwest Florida, 

1977-87--Continued 

County 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Thousand cubic feet 

ALL SPECIES 

Bay 6,602 12,600 16,607 15,535 8,602 10,931 8,928 10,675 

Calhoun 6,957 12,290 10,614 15,165 15,365 16,251 18,983 17,818 

Escambia 5,023 5,292 4,803 7,318 5,793 3,886 6,816 7,424 

Franklin 5,306 6,917 7,293 7,189 7,575 3,518 2,433 1,769 

Gadsden 5,382 9,069 9,657 10,456 10,176 10,168 11,329 10,448 

Gulf 1,948 5,701 5,318 5,059 11,119 4,595 6,047 4,397 

Holmes 5,359 8,338 6,033 5,772 7,671 5,218 8,080 8,609 

Jackson 13,116 12,960 10,067 12,016 18,038 15,453 14,004 18,149 

Jefferson 6,176 7,796 8,240 13,359 8,852 8,832 7,791 5,954 

Leon 3,917 5,894 6,399 6,707 5,832 5,855 5,362 6,021 

Liberty 7,647 8,358 8,613 16,159 14,753 6,104 10,913 11,661 

Okaloosa 3,892 5,639 9,389 8,803 7,790 6,097 6,793 8,120 

Santa Rosa 5,823 9,113 10,604 11,624 10,341 7,459 7,744 11,709 

Wakul la 4,056 8,243 11,619 5,021 8,988 8,026 10,191 9,181 

Walton 12,186 9,008 10,473 10,497 8,932 9,530 12,222 10,903 

Washington 8,777 7,439 6,355 9,970 8,251 11,166 16,098 10,543 

Total 102,167 134,657 142,084 160,650 158,078 133,089 153,734 153,381 
Table 10--Output of industrial products, by county and species group, Central-South 

Florida, 1977-87 

Countya 1977 1979 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 

Brevard 

Broward 

Charlotte 

Citrus 

Collier 

De Sota 

Glades 

Hardee 

Hendry 

Hernando 

Highlands 

Hillsborough 

Indian River 

Lake 

Lee 

Manatee 

Martin 

Okeechobee 

Orange 

Osceola 

Palm Beach 

Pasco 

Pinellas 

Polk 

St. Lucie 

Sarasota 

Seminole 

Sumter 

Total 

Brevard 

Broward 

Charlotte 

Citrus 

Collier 

De Sota 

Glades 

Hardee 

Hendry 

Hernando 

Highlands 

Hillsborough 

Indian River 

Lake 

Lee 

Manatee 

Martin 

Thousand cubic feet 

SOFTWOOD 

157 1,136 -- -- 

734 732 

403 485 

101 93 

274 264 

214 104 

49 66 

448 438 

85 2 766 

434 427 

45 3 236 -- -- 

1,120 1,588 -- -- 

222 253 

-- -- 

253 265 

766 970 

3,007 2,408 

6 7 67 

HARDWOOD 

Continued 
Table 10--Output of industrial products, by county and species group, Central-South 

Florida, 1977-87--Continued 

Okeechobee 

Orange 

Osceola 

Palm Beach 

Pasco 

Pinellas 

Polk 

St. Lucie 

Sarasota 

Seminole 

Sumter 

Brevard 

Broward 

Charlotte 

Citrus 

Collier 

De Sota 

Glades 

Hardee 

Hendry 

Hernando 

Highlands 

Hillsborough 

Indian River 

Lake 

Lee 

Manatee 

Martin 

Okeechobee 

Orange 

Osceola 

Palm Beach 

Pasco 

Pinellas 

Polk 

St. Lucie 

sarasota 

Seminole 

Sumter 

Thousand cubic feet 

HARDWOOD 

ALL SPECIES 

Total 17,351 16,977 23,828 22,038 19,961 19,283 22,258 27,806 

-- = negligible. 

aCounties with no output were omitted. 
The Forest Service, U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, is dedicated to the principle of 

rnu~t/~le use management of the Nation's forest resources 

for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and 

recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the 

States and private forest owners, and management of the 

National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives-as 

directed by Congress-to provide increasingly greater 

service to a growing Nation. 

USDA policy prohibits discrimination because of race, 

color, national origin, sex, age, religion, or handicapping 

condition. Any person who believes he or she has been 

discriminated against in any USDA-related activity should 

immediately contact the Secretary of Agriculture, 

Washington, DC 20250. 

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Southeastern Forest 

Experiment Station 

Established 1921 

The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, headquartered in Asheville. North 

Carolina, is one of the eight regional Experiment Stations, and the Forest Products 

Laboratory, that make up the Forest Service research organization. 

RESEARCH MISSION: 

To acquire the knowledge, develop the technology, and disseminate the research 

findings required to manage the Southeast's forest resources in ways that satisfy 

demands of goods and services while maintaining a quality environment. 

RESEARCH LOCATIONS: 

Blacksburg, VA 

Research Triangle Park, NC 

Franklin, NC 

Clemson, SC 

Charleston, SC 

Athens, GA 

Macon, GA 

Olustee/Gainesville, FL 

EXPERIMENTAL FORESTS: 

Chipola, Marianna, FL 

Holt Walton, Vienna, GA 

Cowetta, Otto, NC 

Bent Creek. Asheville, NC 

Santee, Moncks Comer, SC 

Scull Shoals, Athens, GA 

Hkchiti, Juliette, GA 

Olustee, Olustee, FL