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[House Report 110-138]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

110th Congress                                                   Report
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session                                                    110-138

======================================================================

 
         SENATOR PAUL SIMON STUDY ABROAD FOUNDATION ACT OF 2007

                                _______
                                

  May 9, 2007.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
              State of the Union and ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Lantos, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 1469]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

  The Committee on Foreign Affairs, to whom was referred the 
bill (H.R. 1469) to establish the Senator Paul Simon Study 
Abroad Foundation under the authorities of the Mutual 
Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, having 
considered the same, reports favorably thereon without 
amendment and recommends that the bill do pass.

                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
Summary..........................................................     1
Background and Purpose for the Legislation.......................     2
Hearings.........................................................     3
Committee Consideration..........................................     3
Votes of the Committee...........................................     3
Committee Oversight Findings.....................................     3
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................     3
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................     3
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................     5
Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion.......................     5
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............    10

                                Summary

    H.R. 1469, the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation 
Act of 2007 (the ``Act''), authorizes the establishment of the 
Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation under the 
authorities of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act 
of 1961. The Foundation is authorized to be established as a 
new executive branch Corporation operated by a Board of 
Directors, chaired by the Secretary of State and managed by a 
Chief Executive Officer selected by the Board. The Foundation 
is authorized to raise funds and to operate a Program to award 
grants to: United States students for study abroad; 
nongovernmental institutions that provide and promote study 
abroad opportunities for United States students in consortium 
with institutions of higher education; and directly to 
institutions of higher education.

               Background and Purpose for the Legislation

    The Act seeks to enhance the national security and global 
competitiveness of the United States by establishing the 
Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation, which will work to 
dramatically increase the number and diversity of United States 
students studying abroad.
    The Act is responsive to the proposals of two bipartisan, 
congressionally-mandated bodies: First, it follows the 
recommendation of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks 
Upon the United States (The 9/11 Commission) and its successor 
``9/11 Public Discourse Project,'' which urged increased 
support for scholarship and exchange programs as ``our most 
powerful tool to shape attitudes over the course of a 
generation.'' Second, it effects key recommendations of the 
Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study Abroad Fellowship 
Program (established pursuant to section 104 of the 
Miscellaneous Appropriations and Offsets Act, 2004 (division H 
of Public Law 108-199)), which was created, in part, to examine 
a concept championed for years by the late Senator Paul Simon 
(D-IL), who had worked with the international education 
community and congressional leaders to explore how the U.S. 
Government could work with institutions of higher education to 
dramatically increase the numbers of American college students 
studying abroad.
    The desperate search for American speakers of Arabic, 
Farsi, and Pashto after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 
2001 was a dramatic demonstration of the need for study abroad 
by U.S. students in places other than traditional destinations 
in Western Europe. In the words of the Lincoln Commission: ``In 
today's world, study abroad is simply essential to the nation's 
security.'' Furthermore, American business leaders recognize 
``that they must be able to draw on people with global skills 
if their corporations are to succeed in a world in which one 
American job in six is tied to international trade.'' (Report 
of the Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study Abroad 
Fellowship Program, November 2005.)
    The Act is intended to dramatically increase study abroad 
participation to at least one million college students per year 
within 10 years of the date of enactment. One million students 
studying abroad would represent almost 50 percent of the number 
of degrees (associate's and bachelor's) awarded annually by 
accredited American colleges and universities. Attaining that 
number would make study abroad a commonplace rather than an 
exceptional part of college education for American students.
    As part of its unique approach, the Act establishes the 
Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation as a separate U.S. 
Government corporation that is free from the bureaucracies and 
short-term political agendas of other U.S. agencies, and it can 
raise private sector funds to supplement its work. The 
Foundation, intended to be a lean and entrepreneurial 
organization, will leverage broader interest in study abroad by 
offering competitive grants (to universities, consortiums, and 
individuals) based on priorities identified by its Board.
    The Act also will attempt to transform the demographic 
composition of participation in study abroad programs to more 
accurately reflect the demographics of the United States 
undergraduate population, including students enrolled in 
community colleges, minority-serving institutions, and 
institutions serving large numbers of low-income and first-
generation students. The final objective of the Program will be 
to ensure that an increasing portion of study abroad will take 
place in nontraditional study abroad destinations, with a 
substantial portion of such increases taking place in 
developing countries.
    The realization of these objectives will significantly 
enhance the depth and diversity of cultural knowledge that will 
be integral to continued global leadership by the United 
States. It will increase the availability of language and 
cultural expertise needed by United States foreign affairs 
agencies, corporations, educational institutions, and 
nongovernmental organizations.

                                Hearings

    No hearings on the bill were held.

                        Committee Consideration

    On March 27, 2006, the Committee met in open session and 
ordered favorably reported, the bill, H.R. 1469, without 
amendment, by unanimous consent, a quorum being present.

                         Votes of the Committee

    No votes on the bill were taken.

                      Committee Oversight Findings

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives, the Committee reports that the 
findings and recommendations of the Committee, based on 
oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the 
Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the 
descriptive portions of this report.

               New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures

    This legislation authorizes $80,000,000 per year for the 
establishment and operation of the Senator Paul Simon Study 
Abroad Foundation.

               Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives, the Committee sets forth, with 
respect to the bill, H.R. 1469, the following estimate and 
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974:
                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                    Washington, DC, April 12, 2007.
Hon. Tom Lantos, Chairman,
Committee on Foreign Affairs,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 1469, the Senator 
Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation Act of 2007.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Sunita 
D'Monte, who can be reached at 226-2840.
            Sincerely,
                                           Peter R. Orszag.
Enclosure

cc:
        Honorable Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
        Ranking Member
H.R. 1469--Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation Act of 2007.
    H.R. 1469 would authorize the establishment of the Senator 
Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation to encourage U.S. students 
to study overseas, particularly in nontraditional destinations 
such as China, the Middle East, and developing countries. Over 
200,000 American students currently study overseas every year, 
and one of the foundation's objectives would be to increase 
this number to at least one million within 10 years. The 
foundation would be directed to make grants to students, 
nongovernmental organizations, and educational institutions, 
and to report annually to the Congress.
    The bill would authorize the appropriation of $80 million a 
year for the foundation and allow it to raise funds and accept 
gifts and donations. Based on historical spending patterns for 
similar educational exchange programs, CBO estimates that 
implementing this legislation would cost $40 million in 2008 
and $345 million over the 2008-2012 period, subject to the 
appropriation of the authorized amounts. Any gifts and 
donations to the foundation would increase governmental 
receipts and the spending of these receipts would increase 
direct spending. CBO estimates that initially the foundation 
would receive and spend gifts and donations of less than 
$500,000 a year, but that those amounts could be significant in 
later years. Thus, the bill would increase both direct spending 
and receipts, but CBO estimates that the net result would 
likely be negligible in each year.
    H.R. 1469 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector 
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and 
would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. 
Some public and private colleges and universities would benefit 
from grants to encourage students to study abroad. Any costs to 
those schools would be incurred voluntarily as a condition of 
receiving federal assistance.
    The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Sunita D'Monte, 
who can be reached at 226-2840. This estimate was approved by 
Peter H. Fontaine, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget 
Analysis.

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    The Act is intended to increase the number and diversity of 
United States undergraduate students studying abroad, 
particularly in non-traditional study abroad destinations and 
the developing world, with the goal of having one million U.S. 
students studying abroad for credit per year within ten years 
of enactment.

               Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion

         SENATOR PAUL SIMON STUDY ABROAD FOUNDATION ACT OF 2007

Section 1. Short Title.
    This section provides that the short title of the Act is 
the ``Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation Act of 2007.''
Section 2. Findings.
    This section contains a number of findings that highlight 
the need to expand foreign study by U.S. students to equip the 
U.S. economy and U.S. foreign policy agencies to thrive in an 
increasingly global economy. The findings highlight the work of 
the congressionally-chartered Commission on the Abraham Lincoln 
Study Abroad Fellowship Program which reported to Congress and 
the President on their determination that ``study abroad is one 
of the major means of producing foreign language speakers and 
enhancing foreign language learning'' and for that reason ``is 
simply essential to the National security.'' The findings also 
document a U.S. deficit in cultural knowledge wherein any given 
year, only approximately one percent of all students enrolled 
in United States institutions of higher education study abroad. 
The findings also cite the Final Report of the National 
Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (The 9/
11 Commission Report) which recommended that the United States 
increase support for ``scholarship, exchange, and library 
programs'' and the 9/11 Public Discourse Project, successor to 
the 9/11 Commission, which noted in its November 14, 2005, 
status report that this recommendation was ``unfulfilled,'' and 
stated that ``The U.S. should increase support for scholarship 
and exchange programs, our most powerful tool to shape 
attitudes over the course of a generation.''
Section 3. Purposes.
    This section specifies the purpose of H.R. 1469 as follows: 
to significantly enhance the global competitiveness and 
international knowledge base of the United States by ensuring 
that more United States students have the opportunity to 
acquire foreign language skills and international knowledge 
through significantly enhanced study abroad; to enhance the 
foreign policy capacity of the United States by significantly 
expanding and diversifying the talent pool of individuals with 
non-traditional foreign language skills and cultural knowledge; 
to ensure that an increasing portion of study abroad will take 
place in nontraditional study abroad destinations; and to 
create greater cultural understanding of the United States by 
exposing foreign students and their families to U.S. students 
in non-traditional host countries.
Section 4. Definitions.
    Section 4 provides definitions for terms used in the text 
of H.R. 1469.
Section 5. Establishment and Management of the Senator Paul Simon Study 
        Abroad Foundation.
    Subsection (a) provides for the establishment within in the 
executive branch of a corporation, the ``Senator Paul Simon 
Study Abroad Foundation'' and provides that the Foundation 
shall be governed by a Board of Directors, chaired by the 
Secretary of State; that is given responsibility for carrying 
out the Act under the authorities of the Mutual Educational and 
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.). It 
provides that the Foundation shall be a government corporation 
as defined in section 103 of title 5, United States Code. 
Subsection (a) also expresses the intent of Congress that the 
structure designed by this section will create an entity that 
will administer a study abroad program that serves the long-
term foreign policy and national security needs of the United 
States while operating independently of short-term political 
and foreign policy considerations.
    Subsection (b) provides that the mandate of the Foundation 
in administering the study abroad program shall be to advance 
the objectives and purposes of the Act through responsive, 
flexible grant-making that will promote access to study abroad 
opportunities by United States students at diverse institutions 
of higher education, including two-year institutions, minority-
serving institutions, and institutions that serve 
nontraditional students. The Foundations grant-making will also 
be designed to promote access to study abroad opportunities by 
diverse United States students, including minority students, 
students of limited financial means, and nontraditional 
students. Additionally, the Foundation will be permitted to 
raise funds from the private sector to supplement funds made 
available by the Act and will be committed to minimizing 
administrative costs and to maximizing the availability of 
funds under this act.
    Subsection (c) provides that there shall be in the 
Foundation a Chief Executive Officer who shall be responsible 
for its management and for the appointment of all of its 
officers. The Chief Executive Officer shall be appointed by the 
Foundation's Board of Directors and shall be a leader in higher 
education, business, or foreign policy, chosen on the basis of 
a rigorous search. The Chief Executive Officer shall report to 
and be under the direct authority of the Board. This Officer 
shall be compensated at the rate provided for level III of the 
Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States 
Code.
    Subsection (d) provides that the Foundation be governed by 
a Board of Directors chaired by the Secretary of State (or the 
Secretary's designee), which will be subject to meet at the 
call of the chairperson. The membership of the board also 
includes the Secretary of Education (or the Secretary's 
designee), the Secretary of Defense (or the Secretary's 
designee), and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development (or the Administrator's 
designee), and five other individuals with relevant experience 
in matters relating to study abroad (such as individuals who 
represent institutions of higher education, business 
organizations, foreign policy organizations, or other relevant 
organizations). This subsection also specifies that these five 
individuals shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate. It further specifies that 
of the five, one individual shall be appointed from among a 
list of individuals submitted by the majority leader of the 
House of Representatives; one individual shall be appointed 
from among a list of individuals submitted by the minority 
leader of the House of Representatives; one individual shall be 
appointed from among a list of individuals submitted by the 
majority leader of the Senate; and one individual shall be 
appointed from among a list of individuals submitted by the 
minority leader of the Senate. This subsection also specifies 
that the Chief Executive Officer of the Foundation shall serve 
as a nonvoting, ex officio member of the Board.
    This subsection also provides that the terms of office for 
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Education, the 
Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development shall be concurrent with 
their term of Federal service. This subsection specifies that 
for the other five members of the Board, the term of 
appointment is 3 years, with the possibility of being 
reappointed for an additional three years. This subsection 
specifies that vacancies in the Board be filled in the manner 
in with the original appointment was made. This subsection 
specifies that a majority of the members of Board shall 
constitute a quorum except during the 135-day period beginning 
on the date of enactment of the Act, during which any quorum 
must include at least one of the five individuals appointed by 
the President.
    This subsection specifies that the Secretary of State, the 
Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Defense, and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development will not receive additional pay, allowances, or 
benefits by reason of their service on the Board. The other 
five members of the Board, appointed by the President shall 
receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions under 
subchapter 1 of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code. 
Additionally, these five members shall be paid compensation out 
of funds made available by the Act at the daily equivalent of 
the highest rate payable under section 5332 of title 5, United 
States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which 
the member is engaged in the actual performance of duties as a 
member of the Board. This subsection specifies however, that 
these members may not be paid such compensation for more than 
90 days in any calendar year.
    The Committee expects the President to act promptly in 
nominating qualified appointees, including those selected from 
lists provided by Congressional leaders, to the Board. The 
success of the Foundation in reaching the goals of the Act will 
depend significantly upon the expertise of the Board members 
and the direction and support they provide to the Chief 
Executive Officer and the Foundation.
Section 6. Establishment and Operation of the Program.
    Subsection (a) establishes a program, administered by the 
Foundation to award grants to: United States students for study 
abroad; nongovernmental institutions that provide and promote 
study abroad opportunities for United States students, in 
consortium with institutions of higher education; and 
institutions of higher education. Subsection (b) specifies that 
the objectives of the program are that, within 10 years of the 
date of enactment of the Act: not less than one million 
undergraduate U.S. students will study abroad annually for 
credit; the demographics of study-abroad participation will 
reflect the demographics of study-abroad participation will 
reflect the demographics of the United States undergraduate 
population, including students enrolled in community colleges, 
minority-serving institutions, and institutions serving large 
numbers of low-income and first-generation students; and an 
increasing portion of study abroad will take place in 
nontraditional study abroad destinations, with a substantial 
portion of such increases taking place in developing countries.
    Subsection (c) further specifies that in administering the 
program, the Foundation shall take fully into account the 
recommendations of the Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study 
Abroad Fellowship Program (established pursuant to section 104 
of the Miscellaneous Appropriations and Offsets Act, 2004 
(division H of Public Law 108-199)). As such, grants awarded 
under the program shall be structured to the maximum extent 
possible to promote appropriate reforms of higher education in 
order to remove barriers to participation by students in study 
abroad. Subsection (d) provides that the Foundation seek an 
appropriate balance between longer-term study abroad programs, 
which maximize foreign-language learning and intercultural 
understanding; and shorter term study abroad programs, which 
maximize the accessibility of study abroad to non-traditional 
students.
    The Committee expects that the Foundation, in designing its 
program of grant-making, will closely adhere to the six 
recommendations of the Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study 
Abroad Fellowship Program as specified on pages 25-34 of its 
Report of November 2005, Global Competence and National Needs: 
One Million Students Studying Abroad, which was submitted to 
the White House and to Congress. In particular, the Committee 
believes that if the Foundation is to reach the goals specified 
by the legislation, it will be critical that grant-making to 
institutions by the Foundation be used strategically to 
leverage increased enrollment targets by these institutions for 
their study abroad programs and by encouraging them, where 
feasible, to establish as a degree requirement participation in 
study abroad programs. The Committee also believes strongly 
that the Foundation in designing its grant-making program must 
focus on the goal of diversifying students, institutions, and 
destinations. As such, the Committee expects the Foundation to 
direct grant-making in a way to encourage more participation in 
study by underrepresented groups which include: racial/ethnic 
minorities; males; students majoring in science, engineering, 
and related disciplines; students attending two-year colleges; 
and students with disabilities. The Committee also expects that 
Foundation grant-making resources will be directed at 
supporting study in areas other than Western Europe. The 
Foundation should also seek to ensure that resource-rich large 
research universities and select small liberal arts colleges do 
not capture a disproportionate share of its grant-making 
resources, and that instead, a large share of such resources 
are directed at encouraging study abroad by students attending 
institutions where study abroad is not currently a routine 
practice. The Committee also believes that wise stewardship of 
Foundation resources requires that grant awards be based on 
financial need.
    The Committee further expects that the vast majority of the 
Foundation's budget will be directed to students, not to 
administrative overhead. The Committee is in agreement with the 
benchmark set in the Report of the Lincoln Commission, which 
specifies that not less than 88% of the Foundation's funds be 
provided to students either through individual or institutional 
grants and that not less than 75% of the funds must flow 
through institutional grants, rather than individual 
scholarship grants, in order to address non-financial barriers 
to study abroad at the campus level and leverage greater 
participation in study abroad. The Committee understands that a 
significant portion of the Foundation's resources will be 
needed to finance a national competition of individual 
scholarships, in order to give every undergraduate in the 
United States the opportunity to apply for a grant, regardless 
of institutional affiliation.
    The Committee also strongly believes that the quality of 
the students' academic experiences is important to the overall 
success of the program. Students should receive grants only for 
study abroad programs that carry academic credit toward 
graduation.
Section 7. Annual Report.
    This section mandates that not later than March 31, 2008, 
and each March 31 thereafter, the Foundation shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
implementation of the Act during the prior fiscal year. 
Subsection (b) provides that the report include the total 
financial resources available to the Foundation during the 
year, including appropriated funds, the value and source of any 
gifts or donations accepted; a description of the Board's 
policy priorities for the year and the bases upon which 
competitive grant proposals were solicited and awarded to 
institutions of higher education, nongovernmental institutions, 
and consortiums; a list of grants made to institutions of 
higher education, nongovernmental institutions, and consortiums 
and that includes the identity of the institutional recipient, 
the dollar amount, and the estimated number of study abroad 
opportunities provided to United States students by each grant; 
a description of the bases upon which the Foundation made 
grants directly to United States students; the number and total 
dollar amount of grants made directly to United States students 
by the Foundation; and the total administrative and operating 
expenses of the Foundation for the year.
Section 8. Powers of the Foundation; Related Provisions.
    This section specifies that the powers of the Foundation 
shall include: perpetual succession unless dissolved by a law 
enacted after the date of enactment of the Act; use of a seal 
that will be judicially noticed; the ability to make and 
perform contracts, grants, and other agreements with any person 
or government however designated and wherever situated, as may 
be necessary for carrying out the functions of the foundation; 
the ability to determine and prescribe the manner in which its 
obligations shall be incurred and its expenses allowed and 
paid, including expenses for representation; the ability to 
lease, purchase or otherwise acquire, improve, and use such 
real property wherever situation, as may be necessary for 
carrying out the functions of the Foundation; the right to 
accept cash gifts or donations of property (real, personal, or 
mixed), tangible or intangible, for the purposes of carrying 
out the provisions of this act; the right to use the U.S. mails 
in the same manner and on the same conditions as the executive 
departments; the right to contract with individuals for 
personal services, who shall not be considered Federal 
employees for an provision of law administered by the Office of 
Personnel Management; the ability to hire or obtain passenger 
motor vehicles; and other unspecified powers as may be 
necessary and incident to carrying out the Act.
    Subsection (b) provides that the foundation shall maintain 
its principal office in the metropolitan area of Washington, 
District of Columbia. Subsection (c) provides that the 
Foundation is subject to the Government Corporation Control 
Act. Finally, subsection (d) provides that the Inspector 
General (IG) of the Department of State will serve as the 
Inspector General of the Foundation. The reporting requirements 
of Section 7 are intended to provide information that, in 
addition to helping the Congress to exercise responsible 
oversight, will assist the State IG in conducting the 
``reviews, investigations, and inspections of all actions of 
the operations and activities of the Foundation,'' as outlined 
in this section.
Section 9. General Personnel Authorities.
    This section provides that upon request of the Chief 
Executive Officer, the head of an agency may detail any 
employee of such agency to the Foundation on a reimbursable 
basis. The section provides these individuals with reemployment 
rights. The section also provides hiring authority specifying 
that of persons employed by the Foundation, not to exceed 30 
persons may be appointed, compensated, or removed without 
regard to civil service laws and regulations. The section also 
provides that the Chief Executive Officer may fix the basic 
rate of pay of employees of the Foundation, except that no 
employee of the Foundation may receive a rate of basic pay that 
exceeds the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule.
Section 10. Authorization of Appropriations.
    This section specifies that there are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the Act, $80,000,000 for fiscal year 
2008 and each subsequent fiscal year. The Committee intends 
that this amount should be in addition to any amounts otherwise 
authorized or made available for exchange programs, including 
the J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program and the 
Gilman Fellowship Program, administered by the Department of 
State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is 
printed in italics and existing law in which no change is 
proposed is shown in roman):

              SECTION 5314 OF TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE

Sec. 5314. Positions at level III

  Level III of the Executive Schedule applies to the following 
positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the 
rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of 
title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:
          Solicitor General of the United States.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          Chief Executive Officer, Senator Paul Simon Study 
        Abroad Foundation.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

              SECTION 9101 OF TITLE 31, UNITED STATES CODE

Sec. 9101. Definitions

  In this chapter--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (3) ``wholly owned Government corporation'' means--
                  (A) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                  (R) the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad 
                Foundation.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                                  
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