United States Office of Water

Environmental Protection Washington, DC 20460 September 2015

Agency

Effluent Limitations Guidelines 

and Standards for the Steam 

Electric Power Generating 

Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public 

Comments

Part 1 of 10
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-1

FOREWORD

This document provides responses to all significant comments submitted on EPA’s

proposed effluent limitations and guidelines rule for the Steam Electric Power Generation Point 

Source Category. EPA’s proposal was published in the Federal Register on June 7, 2013 (78 FR 

34432) and the public comment period closed on September 20, 2013.

1 Submitted comments are 

available electronically through http://www.regulations.gov by searching Docket ID No. EPAHQ-OW-2009-0819 and in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room. The 

telephone number for the Water Docket is (202) 566-2426 and the telephone number for the 

Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744. The Water Docket assigned a unique Document 

Control Number (DCN) to each comment submittal with the following format: EPA-HQ-OW2009-0819-xxxx, where the four digit number at the end is unique to that comment submittal. 

Where a commenter submitted more than one file, EPA has included an attachment number, for 

example EPA-HQ-OW-2009-0819-xxxx-A1 (A2, A3, etc.)

Due to the volume of comments received, this document is organized into 10 parts as indicated 

in the Table of Contents. The Table of Contents provides a list of comment topics covered in 

each part of the 10 parts of this document. To organize the comments and to facilitate EPA’s 

responses, EPA classified comment submittals received by topic. If a specific comment submittal 

addressed multiple topics, EPA subdivided the submittal by topic. Comments or portions of 

comments assigned to specific topics are referred to as “comment excerpts.” All of the individual 

comment excerpts classified to a specific topic are reproduced within the chapter or subchapter 

corresponding to that topic and EPA’s response to each comment excerpt is provided 

immediately following the comment excerpt. Within a specific topic or subtopic the comment 

excerpts are often sorted in order of the DCNs; however, this is not always the case. The DCNs 

may not be in order so that the most complicated or extensive comment excerpt is responded to 

first and followed by the other excerpts for that code. DCNs may also be ordered within a 

specific topic or subtopic so that similar comment issues follow each other. 

To support the reader in finding and understanding the comments and their responses, 

EPA has provided the following as part of this document:

 A list of acronyms used throughout the comment response document (located in Part 

1).

 A listing of the major support documents for this rulemaking, references throughout 

the comment responses (located in Part 1).

 The comment responses by comment topic (located in Parts 2 through 9).

 An essay summarizing issues related to statistical analyses for calculating effluent 

limitations, supporting responses to Code 31 (Appendix A, located in Part 10).

 

1 EPA extended the public comment period (from August 6, 2013 to September 20, 2013) based on requests 

received from commenters. These extension requests can be found in the record.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-2

 A listing of comments received on the Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) Rule 

(Appendix B, located in Part 10).

 A comment response index listing the comment submittals ordered by Affiliate Name 

and providing a cross reference to the Document Control Number(s) (DCN) 

(Appendix C, located in Part 10).

 A comment response index listing the comment submittals ordered by DCN and 

identifying the comment excerpts and their assigned topics (Appendix D, located in 

Part 10). Where one comment response includes a cross reference to another 

response, the reader can use the cross reference list in Appendix D to locate the 

comment code in which the cross referenced response is located.

EPA notes that many commenters raised the same, similar, or related issues. Therefore, in 

many cases, the response to a specific excerpt may refer the reader to another response that exists 

for a different DCN and/or excerpt. The referenced DCN and excerpt may be located in a 

different topic section. The reader can use Appendix D to identify the topic section that applies 

for any specific DCN and excerpt number. Due to the large number of comments that address 

similar issues, as well as the volume of the comments received, the Response to Public 

Comments Document does not always cross-reference each response to the commenter(s) who 

raised the particular issue involved. While EPA endeavored to be accurate and consistent in 

assigning comment excerpts to topics and subtopics, and in cross-referencing other relevant 

responses, some excerpts may have content that overlaps multiple topics. Accordingly, readers 

may find it helpful to read this entire document to obtain EPA’s response regarding a given 

general topic. Moreover, in many instances, particular responses presented in the Response to 

Comments Document include cross references to other portions of the administrative record, 

including the preamble, the Technical Development Document (TDD), the Regulatory Impact 

Assessment (RIA), the Environmental Assessment (EA), the Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA), or 

elsewhere in the Response to Comments Document, where the commenter can find additional 

information. All issues on which the Agency is taking final action are addressed in the 

rulemaking record. Accordingly, the Response to Comments Document, together with the 

preamble and the rest of the administrative record should be considered collectively as the 

Agency’s response to all of the significant comments submitted on the proposed rule. 

Due to the volume of comments received, some responses in the Response to Public 

Comments Document may not reflect the language in the preamble or final rule in every respect. 

Where the response is in conflict with the preamble or the final rule, the language in the final 

preamble and rule controls and should be used for purposes of understanding the scope, 

requirements, and basis of the final rule. Although portions of the preamble to the final rule are 

paraphrased in this document where useful to add clarity to responses, the preamble itself 

remains the definitive statement of the rationale for the final rule.

To locate other documents in the record, the reader should use the final rule record index. 

For information on the final rule record index and how to use it, see the Steam Record Index 

User’s Guide. 

This rule is supported, in part, by the following documents:
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-3

 Technical Development Document for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and 

Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (TDD), 

Document No. EPA-821-R-15-007.

 Environmental Assessment for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for 

the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (EA), Document No. 

EPA-821-R-15-006.

 Benefits and Cost Analysis for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for 

the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (BCA), Document No. 

EPA-821-R-15-005.

 Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for 

the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (RIA), Document No. 

EPA-821-R-15-004.

 Incremental Costs and Pollutant Removals for the Final Effluent Limitations 

Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source 

Category (Cost & Loads Report), DCN SE05831 and SE05832.

The primary contact regarding questions or comments on this document is:

Jezebele Alicea-Virella

Phone: (202) 566-1755 

Email: alicea.jezebele@epa.gov

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Water

Engineering and Analysis Division

Mail Code 4303T

William Jefferson Clinton Building

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 of 10

Foreword....................................................................................................................................................1-1

Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................................1-4

Acronyms.................................................................................................................................................1-11

Part 2 of 10

1 General .............................................................................................................................................2-1

1.a General – Support for Rulemaking.................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

1.a.i General Support ............................................................................................................................2-3

Part 3 of 10

1.a.ii Overly Generalized/Out-of-Scope ................................................................................................3-1

1.b General – Against Rulemaking....................................................................................................3-175

1.c General – Steam Electric Record and Data Availability .............................................................3-199

1.d General – Alternative Fuels.........................................................................................................3-248

2 Legal Authority............................................................................................................................3-275

3 Data ...............................................................................................................................................3-380

4 Data Collection .............................................................................................................................3-471

4.a Data Collection – 2009 Questionnaire for the Steam Electric Power Generating Effluent 

Guidelines....................................................................................................................................3-472

4.b Data Collection – Collection of Characterization Data ...............................................................3-474

4.c Data Collection – Technology Vendor Data ..................................................... No excerpts assigned.

4.d Data Collection – Other Data Sources.........................................................................................3-544

5 Scope and Applicability ...............................................................................................................3-546

5.a Scope and Applicability – Facilities Subject to 40 CFR Part 423...............................................3-556

5.b Scope and Applicability – Subcategorization..............................................................................3-578

5.c Scope and Applicability – Threshold ..........................................................................................3-594

5.d Scope and Applicability – Wastestreams Regulated without Proposed Revisions to ELGs.......3-673

5.e Scope and Applicability – Wastestreams Covered Under Low Volume Wastes (No

Wastestream Specific Limitations)..............................................................................................3-745

Part 4 of 10

6 Regulatory Options..........................................................................................................................4-1

6.a Regulatory Options – Identification and Selection of Pollutants ..................................................4-56

6.b Regulatory Options – EPA Pass-Through Analysis....................................................................4-113

6.c Regulatory Options – Technology Versus Water Quality Based Limitations.............................4-136

6.d Regulatory Options – NPDES Program Provisions ....................................................................4-145

6.e Regulatory Options – Ponds/Impoundments Used for Treatment...............................................4-149

6.f Regulatory Options – General Methodology...............................................................................4-159
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EPA’s Response to Public Comments

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

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6.g Regulatory Options – Definitions................................................................................................4-268

6.g.i Combustion Residual Leachate (Leachate) ...........................................................................4-269

6.g.ii Nonchemical Metal Cleaning Wastes (NCMCW).................................................................4-324

6.g.iii Metal Cleaning Wastes (MCW)/Chemical Metal Cleaning Wastes......................................4-346

6.g.iv Transport Water.....................................................................................................................4-349

6.g.v Dry Bottom Ash Handling System........................................................................................4-357

6.g.vi Gasification Wastewater........................................................................................................4-362

6.g.vii New Source............................................................................................................................4-367

6.g.viii Pretreatment 10-Year/24 Hour Storm....................................................................................4-386

6.g.ix Bottom Ash and Boiler Slag..................................................................................................4-387

6.g.x FGD Wastewater ...................................................................................................................4-397

6.g.xi FGD Gypsum.........................................................................................................................4-404

6.g.xii Primary Particulate Collection System..................................................................................4-407

6.g.xiii Flue Gas Mercury Control Water (FGMC) ...........................................................................4-409

6.g.xiv Low Volume Waste ...............................................................................................................4-412

6.g.xv Impoundment (CCR Impoundment, Surface Impoundment) ................................................4-416

6.g.xvi Zero Discharge and No Discharge.........................................................................................4-417

6.g.xvii Blowdown..............................................................................................................................4-419

6.g.xviii Changing Definitions.............................................................................................................4-420

6.h Cost Effectiveness.......................................................................................................................4-422

6.i Regulatory Options Supported or Opposed....................................................... No excerpts assigned.

6.i.i Support/Oppose Zero Discharge...............................................................................................4-477

6.i.ii Support Option 1.......................................................................................................................4-488

6.i.iii Support Option 5.......................................................................................................................4-496

6.i.iv Support/ Oppose Options 4/5....................................................................................................4-524

6.i.v Support/Oppose Option 3a/3b...................................................................................................4-543

6.i.vi Support Option 3.......................................................................................................................4-549

6.i.vii Support/Oppose Options 3/4a ...................................................................................................4-550

6.i.viii Support Options 4/4a ................................................................................................................4-555

6.j Inclusion of BPJ ............................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

6.j.i Oppose BPJ...............................................................................................................................4-557

6.j.ii Support BPJ ..............................................................................................................................4-574

Part 5 of 10

7 Industry Operations.........................................................................................................................5-1

8 FGD Wastewater............................................................................................................................5-17

8.a FGD – General/Scope........................................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

8.b FGD – Profile .................................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

8.c FGD – Wastewater Characterization...........................................................................................5-147

8.d FGD – Calculation of Baseline Loads.........................................................................................5-188

9 FGD Chemical Precipitation.......................................................................................................5-243

9.a FGD CP – Demonstration/Performance ......................................................................................5-258

9.b FGD CP – Costs..........................................................................................................................5-289

9.c FGD CP – Pollutant Loadings.....................................................................................................5-323

9.d FGD CP – NWQI .............................................................................................. No excerpts assigned.
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10 FGD Biological Treatment ..........................................................................................................5-336

10.a FGD Bio – Demonstration/Performance .....................................................................................5-363

10.b FGD Bio – Costs .........................................................................................................................5-520

10.c FGD Bio – Pollutant Loadings....................................................................................................5-563

10.d FGD Bio – NWQI .......................................................................................................................5-606

Part 6 of 10

11 FGD Vapor-Compression Evaporation System ............................................................................6-1

11.a FGD VCE – Demonstration/Performance.....................................................................................6-23

11.b FGD VCE – Costs.........................................................................................................................6-79

11.c FGD VCE – Pollutant Loadings..................................................................................................6-124

11.d FGD VCE – NWQI.....................................................................................................................6-129

12 FGD Other Treatment Technologies..........................................................................................6-140

13 Fly Ash Transport Water ............................................................................................................6-154

13.a FA Transport Water – General/Scope .........................................................................................6-176

13.b FA Transport Water – Profile......................................................................................................6-177

13.c FA Transport Water – Wastewater Characterization...................................................................6-178

13.d FA Transport Water – Calculation of Baseline Loads.................................................................6-181

14 Dry Fly Ash Handling..................................................................................................................6-193

14.a Dry Fly Ash Handling – Demonstration/Performance ................................................................6-215

14.b Dry Fly Ash Handling – Costs ....................................................................................................6-227

14.c Dry Fly Ash Handling – Pollutant Loads....................................................................................6-268

14.d Dry Fly Ash Handling – NWQI ........................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

14.e Dry Fly Ash Handling – Other Technology Options...................................................................6-269

15 Bottom Ash Transport Water .....................................................................................................6-279

15.a BA Transport Water – General/Scope.........................................................................................6-337

15.b BA Transport Water – Profile .....................................................................................................6-342

15.c BA Transport Water – Wastewater Characterization ..................................................................6-353

15.d BA Transport Water – Calculation of Baseline Loads................................................................6-379

16 Zero Discharge Bottom Ash ........................................................................................................6-453

16.a Zero Discharge Bottom Ash – Demonstration/Performance.......................................................6-502

16.b Zero Discharge Bottom Ash – Costs...........................................................................................6-540

16.c Zero Discharge Bottom Ash – Pollutant Loads...........................................................................6-651

16.d Zero Discharge Bottom Ash - NWQI ............................................................... No excerpts assigned.

16.e Zero Discharge Bottom Ash – Other Technology Options........................................................6-656.

17 Combined Ash Transport Water – Wastewater Characterization..........................................6-673
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

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Part 7 of 10

18 Combustion Residual Landfill Leachate (Leachate).....................................................................7-1

18.a Leachate – General/Scope .............................................................................................................7-37

18.b Leachate – Profile..........................................................................................................................7-65

18.c Leachate – Wastewater Characterization ......................................................................................7-68

18.d Leachate – Calculation of Baseline Loads ....................................................................................7-73

19 Leachate Chemical Precipitation..................................................................................................7-79

19.a Leachate CP – Demonstration/Performance..................................................................................7-95

19.b Leachate CP – Costs......................................................................................................................7-96

19.c Leachate CP – Pollutant Loadings...............................................................................................7-109

19.d Leachate CP – NWQI........................................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

20 Leachate Biological Treatment...................................................................................................7-111

20.a Leachate Bio – Demonstration/Performance...............................................................................7-114

20.b Leachate Bio – Costs...................................................................................................................7-125

20.c Leachate Bio – Pollutant Loadings.................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

20.d Leachate Bio – NWQI....................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

21 Flue Gas Mercury Control (FGMC) Wastewater.....................................................................7-126

21.a FGMC – General/Scope ..............................................................................................................7-128

21.b FGMC – Profile...........................................................................................................................7-138

21.c FGMC – Wastewater Characterization........................................................................................7-142

21.d FGMC – Calculation of Baseline Loads......................................................................................7-143

21.e FGMC – Treatment Technologies...............................................................................................7-144

22 Nonchemical Metal Cleaning Wastes (NMCW)........................................................................7-145

22.a NMCW – General/Scope.............................................................................................................7-193

22.b NMCW – Profile .........................................................................................................................7-325

22.c NMCW – Wastewater Characterization......................................................................................7-392

22.d NMCW – Treatment Technologies .............................................................................................7-399

23 Gasification Wastewater..............................................................................................................7-426

23.a Gasification – General/Scope ......................................................................................................7-437

23.b Gasification – Profile...................................................................................................................7-452

23.c Gasification – Wastewater Characterization ...............................................................................7-457

23.d Gasification – Treatment Technologies.......................................................................................7-461

24 Non-Water Quality Impacts.............................................................................No excerpts assigned.

25 Environmental Assessment ..............................................................................No excerpts assigned.

25.a EA – Scope........................................................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

25.a.i EA – Scope – Evaluated Waste Streams......................................................... No excerpts assigned.

25.a.ii EA – Scope – Evaluated Plants....................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

25.a.iii EA – Scope – Evaluated Pollutants ..........................................................................................7-463

25.a.iv EA – Scope – Evaluated Receiving Waters.................................................... No excerpts assigned.

25.b EA – Environmental Impacts and Exposure Pathways ...............................................................7-485
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25.b.i EA Impacts – Surface Water.....................................................................................................7-569

25.b.ii EA Impacts – Ground Water.....................................................................................................7-589

25.b.iii EA Impacts – Sensitive Environments......................................................................................7-612

25.b.iv EA Impacts – Wildlife ..............................................................................................................7-672

25.b.v EA Impacts – Human Health ....................................................................................................7-691

25.b.vi EA Impacts – Other Impacts/Exposure Pathway......................................................................7-732

25.b.vii EA Impacts – Chesapeake Bay.................................................................................................7-738

25.c EA – Loadings Analyses.............................................................................................................7-741

25.c.i EA Loadings – Comparison to Loadings From POTWs and Other

Industries......................................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

25.c.ii EA Loadings – Loadings to Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Watersheds............................7-747

25.d EA – Proximity Analysis.............................................................................................................7-749

25.e EA – Overall Modeling Approach...............................................................................................7-751

25.f EA – Water Quality Model..........................................................................................................7-755

25.f.i EA WQM – Methodology ........................................................................................................7-760

25.f.ii EA WQM – Benchmarks..........................................................................................................7-766

25.f.iii EA WQM – Validation/Calibration ................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

25.g EA – Wildlife Model...................................................................................................................7-768

25.g.i EA WLM – Methodology.........................................................................................................7-770

25.g.ii EA WLM – Validation/Calibration ..........................................................................................7-786

25.h EA – Human Health Model.........................................................................................................7-787

25.i EA – Downstream Model.................................................................................. No excerpts assigned.

25.j EA – Environmental Improvements Under Regulatory Options....................... No excerpts assigned.

Part 8 of 10

26 Regulatory Implementation ............................................................................................................8-1

26.a Regulatory Implementation – Voluntary Program..........................................................................8-3

26.b Regulatory Implementation – Timing ...........................................................................................8-35

26.c Regulatory Implementation – Legacy Waste ..............................................................................8-143

26.d Regulatory Implementation – Compliance Monitoring...............................................................8-169

26.e Regulatory Implementation – Net Credits...................................................................................8-336

26.f Regulatory Implementation – Other............................................................................................8-340

27 Coordination with Other EPA Rules..........................................................................................8-385

27.a Coordination – OAR/Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) .................................................8-429

27.b Coordination – OAR/Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program............................... No excerpts assigned.

27.c Coordination – OAR/Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) ............................................8-430

27.d Coordination – OW/316b ............................................................................................................8-431

27.e Coordination – ORCR/CCR........................................................................................................8-433

Part 9 of 10

28 Economics..........................................................................................................No excerpts assigned.

28.a Econ – Plants/owners profile...........................................................................................................9-1

28.b Econ – Total costs and economic impact analyses assumptions.....................................................9-3
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28.c Econ – IPM....................................................................................................................................9-38

28.d Econ – Impacts on new plants.......................................................................................................9-43

28.e Econ – Impacts on specific types of entities / RFA and UMRA...................................................9-47

28.f Econ – Electricity rate and household impacts..............................................................................9-67

28.g Econ – Employment impacts.........................................................................................................9-86

28.h Econ – Environmental justice........................................................................................................9-88

28.i Econ – Paperwork / burden ............................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

28.j Econ – EOs 12866 and 13563 .....................................................................................................9-111

28.k Econ – Other Eos............................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

28.l Econ – Other comments ..............................................................................................................9-132

29 Benefits...............................................................................................................No excerpts assigned.

29.a Benefits – Analysis scope and benefit categories........................................................................9-159

29.b Benefits – Benefit analyses assumptions.....................................................................................9-198

29.c Benefits – Human health benefits................................................................................................9-212

29.d Benefits – Water quality improvement nonuse benefits..............................................................9-242

29.e Benefits – E&T species benefits..................................................................................................9-257

29.f Benefits – Groundwater quality benefits........................................................... No excerpts assigned.

29.g Benefits – Benefits from avoided impoundment failures............................................................9-262

29.h Benefits – Air-related benefits.....................................................................................................9-307

29.i Benefits – Benefits from reduced water withdrawals..................................................................9-336

29.j Benefits – Total benefits..............................................................................................................9-347

30 Statistics – Survey Design.................................................................................No excerpts assigned.

30.a Sample Frame.................................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

30.b Sample Design................................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

30.c Survey Response ............................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

30.d Survey Weighting.............................................................................................. No excerpts assigned.

30.e Estimation.......................................................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

31 Numeric Limits.............................................................................................................................9-357

31.a Engr NL – Selection of Facilities for FGD Wastewater..............................................................9-367

31.a.i Engr NL Select Facs for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Treatment.........................................9-381

31.a.ii Engr NL Select Facs for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Followed By Biological

Treatment..................................................................................................................................9-392

31.a.iii Engr NL Select Facs for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Followed By 

Vapor-Compression Evaporation Treatment ............................................................................9-396

31.b Engr NL – Selection of Facilities for Gasification Wastewater ..................................................9-397

31.c Stats NL – Selection of Data Within Facilities for FGD Wastewater .........................................9-400

31.c.i Stats NL Select Data for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Treatment ........................................9-403

31.c.ii Stats NL Select Data for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Followed By Biological

Treatment..................................................................................................................................9-406

31.c.iii Stats NL Select Data for FGD – Chemical Precipitation Followed By 

Vapor-Compression Evaporation Treatment ............................................................................9-414

31.d Stats NL – Selection of Data Within Facilities for Gasification Wastewater..............................9-416

31.e Stats NL – Baseline Substitutions ...............................................................................................9-424
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31.f Stats NL – Data Aggregation.......................................................................................................9-427

31.g Stats NL – Data Editing Criteria (LTA Test) .................................................... No excerpts assigned.

31.h Stats NL – Statistical Method used to Calculate the Limits........................................................9-430

31.h.i Stats NL Stat Method Used – Comments on Appendix B........................................................9-450

31.h.ii Calculation of the Serial Correlation (Autocorrelation)............................................................9-468

31.h.iii Stats NL Stat Method Used – Assuming of No Correlation 

(Autocorrelation Value of Zero)..................................................................... No excerpts assigned.

31.h.iv Stats NL Stat Method Used – Transfer of Serial Correlation

(Autocorrelation)............................................................................................. No excerpts assigned.

31.i Stats NL – Transfer of Limitations for Leachate Wastewater........................... No excerpts assigned.

31.j Stats NL – Transfer of Limitations for Biological Treatment for FGD

Wastewater........................................................................................................ No excerpts assigned.

31.k Stats NL – Engineering Review of Limitations for FGD Wastewater ........................................9-478

31.l Stats NL – Engineering Review of Limitations for Gasification Wastewater... No excerpts assigned.

32 Analytical Methods.....................................................................................................................9--498

Part 10 of 10

Appendix A: Issues Related to Statistical Analyses for Calculating Effluent Limitations

Appendix B: Comments Received on the Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) Rule

Appendix C: Comment Response Index Listing the Comment Submittals Ordered by Affiliate 

Name

Appendix D: Comment Response Index Listing the Comment Submittals Ordered by DCN and 

Identifying the Comment Excerpts
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

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1-11

ACRONYMS

APA Administrative Procedure Act.

BADCT Best available demonstrated control technology.

BAT

Best available technology economically achievable, as defined by CWA 

sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2)(B).

BATEA

Best available technology economically achievable, as defined by CWA 

sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2)(B).

BCA Benefits and costs analysis.

BCT

The best conventional pollutant control technology, applicable to 

discharges of conventional pollutants from existing industrial point 

sources, as defined by sections 301(b)(2)(E) and 304(b)(4) of the CWA.

BLM Bureau of Land Management.

BMP Best management practice.

BOD Biochemical oxygen demand.

BPJ Best professional judgement.

BPT

The best practicable control technology currently available as defined by 

sections 301(b)(1) and 304(b)(1) of the CWA.

CBI Confidential business information.

CCR Coal combustion residuals.

CFR Code of Federal Regulations.

COD Chemical oxygen demand.

CP Chemical precipitation.

CPP Clean Power Plan.

CSAPR Cross-State Air Pollution Rule.

CWA Clean Water Act.

CWIS Cooling water intake structures.

CWNS Clean Watershed Needs Survey.

CWT Centralized waste treatment.

DBP Disinfection byproduct.

DCN Document control number.

DOE Department of Energy.

DSI Detailed site investigation.

DSS Dense slurry system.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

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EA Environmental assessment.

EIA Energy Information Administration.

EJ Environmental Justice.

ELG Effluent limitations guidelines and standards.

EO Executive order.

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

ESP Electrostatic precipitator.

FDF Fundamentally Different Factor.

FGD Flue gas desulfurization.

FGMC Flue gas mercury control.

FOIA Freedom of Information Act.

FTE Full-time equivalent.

GHG Greenhouse gas.

IC-ICP-DRC-MS

Ion chromatography - inductively coupled plasma - dynamic reaction cell -

mass spectrometry.

ICP/MS Inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry.

ICP/OES Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.

IGCC Integrated gasification combined cycle.

IM&E Impingement mortality and entrainment.

IPM Integrated Planning Model.

IQ Intelligence quotient.

IWGSCC Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon.

kVA Kilovoltampere.

kW Kilowatt.

MATS Mercury and Air Toxics Standards.

MCL Maximum contaminant level.

MCLG Maximum contaminant level goal.

MDL Method detection limit.

MDS Mechanical drag system.

ML Minimum level.

MQC Minimum quantifiable concentration.

MW Megawatt.

NAICS North American Industry Classification System. 
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-13

NCMCW Nonchemical metal cleaning waste.

ND Nondectect.

NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

NGCC Natural gas combined cycle.

NODA Notice of Data Availability.

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.

NRD Natural resource damages.

NRMRL National Risk Management Research Laboratory.

NSPS New Source Performance Standards.

O&M Operation and maintenance.

OAR Office of Air and Radiation.

ORCR Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery.

ORP Oxidation reduction potential.

OW Office of Water.

PISCES Plant Integrated Systems: Chemical Emissions Studies.

PM Particulate matter.

POC Pollutant of concern.

POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works.

PRB Powder River Basin.

PSES Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources.

PSNS Pretreatment Standards for New Sources.

QL Quantitation limit.

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.

RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act.

Rfd Reference dose.

RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.

RIA Regulatory impact analysis.

S.U. Standard units.

SBA Small Business Administration.

SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act.

SBRs Sequencing batch reactors.

SCC Social cost of carbon.
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1-14

SCR Selective catalytic reduction.

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act.

SERC Southeastern Electric Reliability Corporation.

SISNOSE Significant Economic Impact on a Substantial Number of Small Entities.

SNCR Selective noncatalytic reduction.

T&E Threatened and endangered species.

TBEL Technology based effluent limit.

TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.

TDD Technical Development Document.

TDS Total dissolved solids.

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load.

TSS Total suspended solids.

TWF Toxic weighting factor.

TWPE Toxic weighted pounds equivalent.

UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

VCE Vapor compression evaporation.

VSL Value of a statistical life.

WQBEL Water quality based effluent limit.

WQI Water quality index.

WTP Willingness to pay.

ZLD Zero liquid discharge.