2023

Instructions for Form 2210

Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Individuals, Estates, and Trusts

Department of the Treasury

Internal Revenue Service

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise 

noted.

General Instructions

Future Developments

For the latest information about developments related to Form 2210 and 

its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go 

to IRS.gov/Form2210.

What’s New

Elective payment election. Beginning with tax year 2023, certain 

applicable entities and electing taxpayers can elect to treat certain 

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and Creating Helpful Incentives to 

Produce Semiconductors Act of 2022 credits as elective payments. 

While resulting overpayments may result in refunds, the required annual 

payment amount is reduced only by the amount of the credit allowed for 

the current year. Under the election, the unused current year credit is 

treated as a payment made on the later of the due date of the return 

(without extension) or the date on which the return is filed. It does not 

reduce the required annual payment amount and is not counted as an 

estimated tax payment for the year. For more information about the 

elective payment election, see Form 3800, General Business Credit, and 

its instructions.

Reminders

Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. Generally, if a due date for 

performing any act for tax purposes falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal 

holiday, the act is considered to be performed timely if it's performed no 

later than the next day that isn't a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. A 

legal holiday includes any legal holiday in the District of Columbia. These 

instructions make the adjustment for Saturdays, Sundays, and federal 

legal holidays.

Additional Medicare Tax. A 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax applies to 

Medicare wages, Railroad Retirement Tax Act (RRTA) compensation, 

and self-employment income over a threshold amount based on your 

filing status. See Form 8959.

Net Investment Income Tax. You may be subject to Net Investment 

Income Tax (NIIT). NIIT is a 3.8% (0.038) tax on the lesser of net 

investment income or the excess of your modified adjusted gross income 

over a threshold amount. See Form 8960.

Premium tax credit. You may be eligible to claim the premium tax 

credit (PTC). The PTC is a tax credit for certain people who enroll, or 

whose family member enrolls, in a qualified health plan offered through a 

Health Insurance Marketplace (also called an Exchange). The PTC 

provides financial assistance to pay the premiums by reducing the 

amount of tax you owe, giving you a refund, or increasing your refund 

amount. Advance payment of the PTC may be made through the Health 

Insurance Marketplace directly to your insurance provider. If you received 

premium assistance through advance payments of the PTC in 2023, and 

the amount advanced exceeded the amount of PTC you can take, you 

could be subject to a penalty for underpaying your estimated tax. For 

example, you completed Form 8962, Premium Tax Credit, and have 

additional income tax liability because too much was advanced to your 

insurance provider. For more information about the PTC and advance 

payments of the PTC, see Form 8962 and Pub. 974.

Forms for the qualified business income deductions. See Form 

8995-A, Qualified Business Income Deduction, or Form 8995, Qualified 

Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation, and their separate 

instructions for information about your qualified business income 

deduction.

Tax Withholding Estimator. To determine adjustments to your 

withholdings, go to the Tax Withholding Estimator at IRS.gov/W4App.

Purpose of Form

Use Form 2210 to see if you owe a penalty for underpaying your 

estimated tax. The IRS will generally figure your penalty for you and you 

should not file Form 2210. You can, however, use Form 2210 to figure 

your penalty if you wish and include the penalty on your return. There are 

some situations in which you must file Form 2210, such as to request a 

waiver.

Who Must File Form 2210

Use the flowchart at the top of Form 2210, page 1, to see if you must file 

this form.

If box B, C, or D in Part II is checked, you must figure the penalty 

yourself and attach Form 2210 to your return.

The IRS Will Figure the Penalty for 

You

If you didn't check box B, C, or D in Part II, you don't need to figure the 

penalty. The IRS will figure any penalty for underpayment of estimated 

tax and send you a bill. If you file your return by April 15, 2024, no interest 

will be charged on the penalty if you pay the penalty by the date shown 

on the bill. If you want us to figure the penalty for you, complete your 

return as usual. Leave the penalty line on your return blank; don't file 

Form 2210.

Other Methods of Figuring the Penalty

There are different ways to figure the correct penalty. You don't have to 

use the method used on Form 2210 as long as you enter the correct 

penalty amount on the “Estimated tax penalty” line on your return.

However, if you’re required to file Form 2210 because one or more of 

the boxes in Part II applies, you must complete certain lines and enter the 

penalty on the “Estimated tax penalty” line on your return.

• If you use the regular method, complete Part I; check the applicable 

box(es) in Part II; and complete Part III, Section A, and the penalty 

worksheet (Worksheet for Form 2210, Part III, Section B—Figure the 

Penalty). Enter the penalty on Form 2210, line 19, and on the 

“Estimated tax penalty” line on your tax return.

• If you use the annualized income installment method, complete Part 

I; check the applicable box(es) in Part II; and complete Schedule AI 

and Part III, Section A. Complete the penalty worksheet (Worksheet 

for Form 2210, Part III, Section B—Figure the Penalty). Enter the 

penalty on Form 2210, line 19, and on the “Estimated tax penalty” 

line on your tax return.

Who Must Pay the Underpayment 

Penalty

In general, you may owe the penalty for 2023 if the total of your 

withholding and timely estimated tax payments didn't equal at least the 

smaller of:

1. 90% of your 2023 tax, or

2. 100% of your 2022 tax. Your 2022 tax return must cover a 12-month 

period.

Special rules for certain individuals. Different percentages are used 

for farmers and fishermen, and certain higher income taxpayers.

Farmers and fishermen. If at least two-thirds of your gross income 

for 2022 or 2023 is from farming and fishing, substitute 662/3% for 90% in 

(1) above. See Farmers and fishermen, later, to see if you qualify.

CAUTION

!

Jan 19, 2024 Cat. No. 63610I
Higher income taxpayers. If your adjusted gross income (AGI) for 

2022 was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if your 2022 filing status was 

married filing separately), substitute 110% for 100% in (2) above.

Penalty figured separately for each required payment. The penalty 

is figured separately for each installment due date. Therefore, you may 

owe the penalty for an earlier due date even if you paid enough tax later 

to make up the underpayment. This is true even if you’re due a refund 

when you file your tax return. However, you may be able to reduce or 

eliminate the penalty by using the annualized income installment 

method. For details, see Schedule AI Annualized Income Installment 

Method, later.

Return. In these instructions, “return” refers to your original return. 

However, a second, subsequent, or amended return filed by the due date 

(including extensions) of the original return is a “superseding” return and 

is considered as if it were the original return. The first return filed is 

ignored to the extent it was changed by the superseding return. Also, a 

joint return that replaces previously filed separate returns is considered 

the original return.

Exceptions to the Penalty

You won't have to pay the penalty or file this form if either of the following 

applies.

• You had no tax liability for 2022, you were a U.S. citizen or resident 

alien for the entire year (or an estate of a domestic decedent or a 

domestic trust), and your 2022 tax return was (or would have been 

had you been required to file) for a full 12 months.

• The total tax shown on your 2023 return minus the amount of tax 

you paid through withholding is less than $1,000. To determine 

whether the total tax is less than $1,000, complete Part I, lines 1 

through 7.

Estates and trusts. No penalty applies to either of the following.

• A decedent's estate for any tax year ending before the date that is 2 

years after the decedent's death.

• A trust that was treated as owned by the decedent if the trust will 

receive the residue of the decedent's estate under the will (or if no 

will is admitted to probate, the trust primarily responsible for paying 

debts, taxes, and expenses of administration) for any tax year 

ending before the date that is 2 years after the decedent's death.

Farmers and fishermen. If you meet both tests 1 and 2 below, you 

don't owe a penalty for underpaying estimated tax.

1. Your gross income from farming or fishing is at least two-thirds of 

your annual gross income from all sources for 2022 or 2023.

2. You filed Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 and paid the entire tax due 

by March 1, 2024.

See chapter 2 of Pub. 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax, for 

the definition of gross income from farming and fishing.

If you meet test 1 but not test 2, use Form 2210-F, Underpayment of 

Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishermen, to see if you owe a penalty. 

When using Form 2210-F, refer to the Instructions for Form 2210-F, which 

discuss special rules that may apply. If you don't meet test 1, use Form 

2210.

Waiver of Penalty

If you have an underpayment, all or part of the penalty for that 

underpayment will be waived if the IRS determines that:

• In 2022 or 2023, you retired after reaching age 62 or became 

disabled, and your underpayment was due to reasonable cause 

(and not willful neglect); or

• The underpayment was due to a casualty, disaster, or other unusual 

circumstance, and it would be inequitable to impose the penalty. For 

federally declared disaster areas, see Federally declared disaster, 

later.

To request any of the above waivers, do the following.

1. Check box A or box B in Part II, as applicable.

a. If you checked box A, complete only page 1 of Form 2210 and 

attach it to your tax return (you aren't required to figure the 

amount of penalty to be waived).

b. If you checked box B, complete Form 2210 through line 18 

without regard to the waiver. Enter the amount you want waived 

in parentheses on the dotted line next to line 19. Subtract this 

amount from the total penalty you figured without regard to the 

waiver, and enter the result on line 19 .

2. Attach Form 2210 and a statement to your return explaining the 

reasons you were unable to meet the estimated tax requirements 

and the time period for which you are requesting a waiver.

3. If you’re requesting a waiver due to retirement or disability, attach 

documentation that shows your retirement date (and your age on 

that date) or the date you became disabled.

4. If you’re requesting a waiver due to a casualty, disaster (other than 

a federally declared disaster, as discussed next), or other unusual 

circumstance, attach documentation such as copies of police and 

insurance company reports.

The IRS will review the information you provide and decide whether 

to grant your request for a waiver.

Federally declared disaster. Certain estimated tax payment deadlines 

for taxpayers who reside or have a business in a federally declared 

disaster area are postponed for a period during and after the disaster. 

During the processing of your tax return, the IRS automatically identifies 

taxpayers located in a covered disaster area (by county or parish) and 

applies the appropriate penalty relief. Don't file Form 2210 if your 

underpayment was due to a federally declared disaster. If you still owe a 

penalty after the automatic waiver is applied, the IRS will send you a bill.

An individual or a fiduciary for an estate or trust not in a covered 

disaster area but whose books, records, or tax professionals' offices are 

in a covered area is also entitled to relief. Also eligible are relief workers 

affiliated with a recognized government or charitable organization 

assisting in the relief activities in a covered disaster area. If you meet 

either of these eligibility requirements, you must call the IRS disaster 

hotline at 866-562-5227 and identify yourself as eligible for this relief. For 

information about claiming relief, see IRS.gov/DisasterTaxRelief. For 

more information on disaster assistance and emergency relief for 

individuals and businesses, see IRS.gov/DisasterRelief. See Pub. 976, 

Disaster Relief, for more details. For guidance on figuring estimated 

taxes for trusts and certain estates, see Notice 87-32, 1987-1 C.B. 477.

Specific Instructions

Part I—Required Annual Payment

Complete lines 1 through 9 to figure your required annual payment.

If you file an amended return by the due date of your original return, 

use the amounts shown on your amended return to figure your 

underpayment. If you file an amended return after the due date, use the 

amounts shown on the original return.

Exception. If you and your spouse file a joint return after the due date to 

replace previously filed separate returns, use the amounts shown on the 

joint return to figure your underpayment.

Line 1

Enter the amount from Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 22. For an 

estate or trust, enter the amount from Form 1041, Schedule G, line 3.

Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude the 

amount of your net tax liability under section 965 when 

calculating the amount of your required annual payment.

Line 2

Enter the total of the following amounts.

CAUTION

!

2 Instructions for Form 2210 (2023)
IF you file... THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...

1040, 

1040-NR, or 

1040-SR

Schedule 2 (Form 1040):

Line 4,

Line 8 (additional tax on distributions only),

Line 9,*

Line 10,

Line 11,

Line 12,

Line 14,

Line 15,

Line 16,

Line 17a,

Line 17c,

Line 17d,

Line 17e,

Line 17f,

Line 17g,

Line 17h,

Line 17i,

Line 17j,

Line 17l, and

Line 17z.

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 

line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 

true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2) 

You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household 

employment taxes weren't included.

IF you file... THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...

1041 Schedule H (Form 1040):

Line 8d,*

Form 1041, Schedule G:

Line 4,

Line 5,

Line 6 (6a, 6b, and 6c), and

Line 8, don’t include the following write-ins:

• Look-back interest due under section 167(g) (identified 

as “From Form 8866”);

• Look-back interest due under section 460(b) (identified 

as “From Form 8697”); and

• Interest accrued on deferred tax under a section 1294 

election for the year of termination (see Form 8621, Part 

VI, line 24, and the Instructions for Form 8621).

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 

line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 

true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2) 

You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household 

employment taxes weren't included.

Line 3

Enter the total amount of the following payments and refundable credits, 

if any, that you claim on your tax return.

• Earned income credit.

• Additional child tax credit.

• Refundable part of the American opportunity credit (Form 8863, 

line 8).

• Premium tax credit (Form 8962).

• Credit for federal tax paid on fuels.

• Qualified sick and family leave credits from Schedule(s) H 

(Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 13z).

• Credit determined under section 1341(a)(5)(B). To figure the 

amount of the section 1341 credit, see Repayments in Pub. 525, 

Taxable and Nontaxable Income.

Line 6

Enter the taxes withheld shown on the following lines:

• Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 25d;

• Form 1040-NR, lines 25d, 25e, 25f, and 25g;

• Also, Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 11, if you filed the above forms;

• Form 1041, Schedule G, line 14.

Filers of Form 8689, Allocation of Individual Income Tax to the U.S. 

Virgin Islands. Also enter on this line the amount(s) from Form 8689, 

lines 41 and 46, that you entered on line 33 of your 2023 Form 1040 or 

1040-SR.

Line 8

To figure your 2022 tax, first add the amounts listed in (1) below, then 

subtract from that total amount the refundable credits listed in (2), later, 

that are shown on your 2022 tax return.

(1) Add the amounts listed in the chart below based on which 

tax return you filed for 2022.

IF you filed 

for 2022...

THEN add the following amounts shown on your 2022 

tax return.

1040, 

1040-NR, or 

1040-SR

Line 22, 

Schedule 2 (Form 1040):

Line 4, 

Line 8 (additional tax on distributions only),

Line 9,*

Line 10,

Line 11,

Line 12,

Line 14,

Line 15,

Line 16,

Line 17a,

Line 17c,

Line 17d,

Line 17e,

Line 17f,

Line 17g,

Line 17h,

Line 17i,

Line 17j,

Line 17l, and

Line 17z

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 

line 8. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 

true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2) 

You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household 

employment taxes weren't included.

Instructions for Form 2210 (2023) 3
IF you filed for 

2022...

THEN add the following amounts shown on your 2022 

tax return.

1041 Schedule H (Form 1040):

Line 8d,*

Form 1041, Schedule G:

Line 3,

Line 4,

Line 5,

Line 6, and

Line 8, don’t include the following write-ins:

• Look-back interest due under section 167(g) (identified 

as “From Form 8866”);

• Look-back interest due under section 460(b) (identified 

as “From Form 8697”); and

• Interest accrued on deferred tax under a section 1294 

election for the year of termination (see Form 8621, 

Part VI, line 24, and the Instructions for Form 8621).

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 

line 8. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 

true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2) 

You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household 

employment taxes weren't included.

(2) Subtract refundable credits listed below.

Subtract the total of the following refundable credits, if any, that you 

claimed on your 2022 tax return.

• Earned income credit.

• Additional child tax credit.

• Refundable part of the American opportunity credit (Form 8863, 

line 8).

• Premium tax credit (Form 8962).

• Credit for federal tax paid on fuels.

• Qualified sick and family leave credits from Schedule(s) H 

(Schedule 3 (Form 1040), lines 13b and 13h).

• Credit determined under section 1341(a)(5)(B).

Enter the 2022 tax you figured above unless the AGI on your 2022 

return is more than $150,000 ($75,000 if married filing separately for 

2023). If the AGI shown on your 2022 tax return is more than $150,000 

($75,000 if married filing separately), enter 110% of the amount of the 

tax computed earlier.

If you are filing a joint return for 2023, but you didn't file a joint return 

for 2022, add your 2022 tax (as figured earlier) to your spouse's 2022 tax 

(as figured earlier) and enter the total on line 8. If you file a separate 

return for 2023, but you filed a joint return with your spouse for 2022, your 

2022 tax is your share of the tax on the joint return. You are filing a 

separate return if you file as single, head of household, or married filing 

separately. If you didn't file a return for 2022 or your 2022 tax year was 

less than 12 months, don't complete line 8. Instead, enter the amount 

from line 5 on line 9. However, see Exceptions to the Penalty, earlier.

Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude the 

amount of your net tax liability under section 965 when 

calculating the amount of your maximum required annual 

payment based on your prior year's tax.

Part III—Penalty Computation

If you checked box C in Part II, complete Schedule AI before Part III.

Form 1040-NR filers. If you’re filing Form 1040-NR and didn't receive 

wages as an employee subject to U.S. income tax withholding, the 

instructions for completing Part III are modified as follows.

1. Skip column (a).

2. On line 10, column (b), enter one-half of the amount on line 9 of 

Part I (unless you’re using the annualized income installment 

method).

3. On line 11, column (b), enter the total tax payments made through 

June 15, 2023, for the 2023 tax year. If you’re treating federal 

income tax (and excess social security or tier 1 RRTA) as having 

CAUTION

!

been withheld evenly throughout the year, you’re considered to 

have paid one-third of these amounts on each payment due date.

Section A—Figure Your Underpayment

Line 10

Enter on line 10, columns (a) through (d), the amount of your required 

installment for the due date shown in each column heading.

For most taxpayers, this is one-fourth of the required annual payment 

shown on Part I, line 9.

However, it may be to your benefit to figure your required installments 

by using the annualized income installment method. See the 

Schedule AI Annualized Income Installment Method instructions, later.

Line 11

Table 1—List your estimated tax payments for 2023. Before 

completing line 11, enter in Table 1 the payments you made for 2023. 

Include the following payments.

• Any overpayment from your 2022 return applied to your 2023 

estimated tax payments. Generally, treat the payment as made on 

April 15, 2023.

• Estimated tax payments you made for the 2023 tax year, plus any 

federal income tax and excess social security and RRTA tax 

withheld.

• Any payment made on your balance due return for 2023. Use the 

date you filed (or will file) your return or April 15, 2024, whichever is 

earlier, as the payment date for these purposes.

Table 1. Estimated Tax Payments

Date Payment 

amount

Date Payment 

amount

Entries on Form 2210. Enter on line 11 the applicable tax payments.

• Column (a)—payments you made by April 15, 2023.

• Column (b)—payments you made after April 15, 2023, through June 

15, 2023.

• Column (c)—payments you made after June 15, 2023, through 

September 15, 2023.

• Column (d)—payments you made after September 15, 2023, 

through January 15, 2024.

When figuring your payment dates and the amounts to enter on 

line 11 of each column, apply the following rules.

• For withheld federal income tax and excess social security or tier 1 

RRTA, you are considered to have paid one-fourth of these amounts 

on each payment due date unless you can show otherwise. You’ll 

find these amounts on the following lines.

° Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 25d;

° Form 1040-NR, lines 25d, 25e, 25f, and 25g;

° Also, Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 11, if you filed the above forms;

° Form 1041, Schedule G, line 14.

If you treat withholding as paid on the dates it was actually 

withheld for estimated tax purposes, you must check box D 

in Part II and complete and attach Form 2210 to your return.

• Include all estimated tax payments you made for each period. 

Include any overpayment from your 2022 tax return you elected to 

apply to your 2023 estimated tax. If your 2022 return was fully paid 

before April 15, 2023, treat the overpayment as a payment made on 

April 15, 2023. If you mail your estimated tax payments, use the 

date of the U.S. postmark as the date of payment.

• If an overpayment is generated on your 2022 return from a payment 

made after April 15, 2023, treat the payment as made on the date of 

payment. For example, you paid $500 due on your 2022 return on 

CAUTION

!

4 Instructions for Form 2210 (2023)
August 1, 2023, and later amended the return and were due a $400 

refund which you elected to have applied to your estimated taxes. 

The $400 overpayment would be treated as paid on August 1.

• If you file your return and pay the tax due by January 31, 2024, 

include on line 11, column (d), the amount of tax you pay with your 

tax return. In this case, you won't owe a penalty for the payment due 

on January 15, 2024.

Example 1. You filed your 2022 tax return on August 1, 2023, 

showing a $2,000 refund. You elected to have $1,000 of your 2022 

overpayment applied to your 2023 estimated tax payments. In 2023, 

you had $4,000 of federal income tax withheld from wages. You also 

made $500 estimated tax payments on September 15, 2023, and 

January 15, 2024. On line 11, column (a), enter $3,000 ($2,000 

withholding + $1,000 overpayment). In columns (c) and (d), enter 

$1,500 ($1,000 withholding + $500 estimated tax payment).

Line 17

If line 17 is zero for all payment periods, you don't owe a penalty. But if 

you checked box C or D in Part II, you must file Form 2210 with your 

return. If you checked box E, you must file page 1 of Form 2210 with your 

return. In certain circumstances, the IRS will waive all or part of the 

underpayment penalty. See Waiver of Penalty, earlier.

Section B—Figure the Penalty

Use the penalty worksheet (Worksheet for Form 2210, Part III, Section B 

Figure the Penalty), to figure your penalty for each period by applying the 

appropriate rate against each underpayment shown in Section A, line 17. 

The penalty is figured for the number of days that each underpayment 

remains unpaid.

Your payments are applied first to any underpayment balance on an 

earlier installment even if you designate a payment for a later period. See 

Example 2 below. Use lines 3, 6, 9, and 12 of the penalty worksheet to 

show the number of days an underpayment remained unpaid. Use lines 

4, 7, 10, and 13 to figure the actual penalty amount by applying the 

appropriate rate to an underpayment for the number of days it remained 

unpaid.

Example 2. You had a $500 underpayment remaining after your April 

15 payment. The June 15 installment required a payment of $1,200. On 

June 10, you made a payment of $1,200 to cover the June 15 

installment. However, $500 of this payment is applied first to the April 15 

installment. The penalty for the April 15 installment is figured from April 

15 to June 10 (56 days). The amount remaining to be applied to the June 

15 installment is $700.

Total days per rate period. If an underpayment remained unpaid for an 

entire rate period, use Table 2 below to determine the number of days to 

enter in each column. The chart is organized in the same format as the 

penalty worksheet.

Table 2. Chart of Total Days

Rate Period (a) 

04/15/23

(b) 

06/15/23

(c) 

09/15/23

(d)

01/15/24

04/16/23–06/30/23 76 15 — —

07/01/23–09/30/23 92 92 15 —

10/01/23–12/31/23 92 92 92 —

01/01/24–04/15/24 106 106 106 91

For example, if you have an underpayment on line 17, column (a), but 

Table 1 shows you have no payments until after January 4, 2024, you 

would enter “76” on line 6, column (a), of the penalty worksheet.

If you make a payment during a rate period, see Table 4-1, below, for 

an easy way to figure the number of days the payment is late.

Instructions for Form 2210 (2023) 5
Worksheet for Form 2210, Part III, 

Section B—Figure the Penalty (Penalty Worksheet)

Line 1b. If more than one payment was applied to fully pay the 

underpayment amount in a column (line 1a), enter on line 1b the date 

and amount applied up to the underpayment amount. If a payment was 

more than the underpayment amount, enter the excess in the next 

column with the same date. However, for each column, only enter 

payments you made or plan to make after the date at the top of the 

column. Do not enter any withheld federal income tax and excess social 

security or tier 1 RRTA on line 1b.

Example 3. Your required installment for each payment due date is 

$4,000. You made the following estimated tax payments.

Date Payments

04/30/23 $2,000

06/15/23 $3,000

09/15/23 $4,000

01/15/24 $4,000

On line 1a, column (a), shows $4,000 and columns (b) through (d) show 

$3,000. Enter “04/30 $2,000” and “06/15 $2,000” on line 1b, column (a). 

The remaining $1,000 ($3,000 – $2,000) of the June 15 payment cannot 

be entered on line 1b, column (b), because the payment was not made 

after 06/15/23, and is already used to reduce the underpayment on 

Calendar To Determine the Number of Days a Payment Is Late

Instructions. Use this table with Form 2210 if you’re completing Part III, Section B. First, find the number for the 

payment due date by going across to the column of the month the payment was due and moving down the column 

to the due date. Then, in the same manner, find the number for the date the payment was made. Finally, subtract 

the due date number from the payment date number. The result is the number of days the payment is late.

Example. The payment due date is June 15 (61). The payment was made on November 4 (203). The payment is 

142 days late (203 – 61).

Tax Year 2023

Day of 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024

Month April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April

1 16 47 77 108 139 169 200 230 261 292 321 352

2 17 48 78 109 140 170 201 231 262 293 322 353

3 18 49 79 110 141 171 202 232 263 294 323 354

4 19 50 80 111 142 172 203 233 264 295 324 355

5 20 51 81 112 143 173 204 234 265 296 325 356

6 21 52 82 113 144 174 205 235 266 297 326 357

7 22 53 83 114 145 175 206 236 267 298 327 358

8 23 54 84 115 146 176 207 237 268 299 328 359

9 24 55 85 116 147 177 208 238 269 300 329 360

10 25 56 86 117 148 178 209 239 270 301 330 361

11 26 57 87 118 149 179 210 240 271 302 331 362

12 27 58 88 119 150 180 211 241 272 303 332 363

13 28 59 89 120 151 181 212 242 273 304 333 364

14 29 60 90 121 152 182 213 243 274 305 334 365

15 0 30 61 91 122 153 183 214 244 275 306 335 366

16 1 31 62 92 123 154 184 215 245 276 307 336

17 2 32 63 93 124 155 185 216 246 277 308 337

18 3 33 64 94 125 156 186 217 247 278 309 338

19 4 34 65 95 126 157 187 218 248 279 310 339

20 5 35 66 96 127 158 188 219 249 280 311 340

21 6 36 67 97 128 159 189 220 250 281 312 341

22 7 37 68 98 129 160 190 221 251 282 313 342

23 8 38 69 99 130 161 191 222 252 283 314 343

24 9 39 70 100 131 162 192 223 253 284 315 344

25 10 40 71 101 132 163 193 224 254 285 316 345

26 11 41 72 102 133 164 194 225 255 286 317 346

27 12 42 73 103 134 165 195 226 256 287 318 347

28 13 43 74 104 135 166 196 227 257 288 319 348

29 14 44 75 105 136 167 197 228 258 289 320 349

30 15 45 76 106 137 168 198 229 259 290 350

31 46 107 138 199 260 291 351

Table 4-1.

6 Instructions for Form 2210 (2023)
Worksheet for Form 2210, Part III, Section B—Figure the Penalty 

(Penalty Worksheet) Keep for Your Records

Complete Rate Period 1 of each column before going to the next column; then go to Rate Periods 2, 3, and 4 in the 

same manner. If multiple estimated tax payments are applied to the underpayment amount in a column of line 1a, 

you’ll need to make more than one computation for that column.

Payment Due Dates

(a)

04/15/23

(b)

06/15/23

(c)

09/15/23

(d)

01/15/24

1a Enter your underpayment from Part III, Section A, line 17 ..... 1a

1b Date and amount of each payment applied to the underpayment 

in the same column. Don't enter more than the underpayment 

amount on line 1a for each column (see instructions).

Note. Your payments are applied in the order made first to any 

underpayment balance in an earlier column until that 

underpayment is fully paid. 1b

Rate Period 1: April 16, 2023–June 30, 2023

2 Computation starting dates for this period ................ 2 04/15/23 06/15/23

Days: Days:

3 Number of days from the date on line 2 to the date the amount 

on line 1a was paid or 06/30/23, whichever is earlier ........ 3

4 Underpayment

on line 1a ×

Number of days

on line 3

365

× 0.07

4 $ $

Rate Period 2: July 1, 2023–September 30, 2023

5 Computation starting dates for this period ................ 5 06/30/23 06/30/23 09/15/23

Days: Days: Days:

6 Number of days from the date on line 5 to the date the amount 

on line 1a was paid or 09/30/23, whichever is earlier ........ 6

7 Underpayment

on line 1a ×

Number of days

on line 6

365

× 0.07

7 $ $ $

Rate Period 3: October 1, 2023–December 31, 2023

8 Computation starting dates for this period ................ 8 09/30/23 09/30/23 09/30/23

Days: Days: Days:

9 Number of days from the date on line 8 to the date the amount 

on line 1a was paid or 12/31/23, whichever is earlier ........ 9

10 Underpayment

on line 1a ×

Number of days

on line 9

365

× 0.08

10 $ $ $

Rate Period 4: January 1, 2024–April 15, 2024

11 Computation starting dates for this period ............... 11 12/31/23 12/31/23 12/31/23 01/15/24

Days: Days: Days: Days:

12 Number of days from the date on line 11 to the date the amount 

on line 1a was paid or 04/15/24, whichever is earlier ........ 12

13 Underpayment 

on line 1a ×

Number of days

on line 12

366

× 0.08

13 $ $ $ $

14 Penalty. Add all amounts on lines 4, 7, 10, and 13 in all columns. Enter the total here and on line 19 of Part 

III, Section B ..................................................................... 14 $

Instructions for Form 2210 (2023) 7
line 1a, column (b). Also enter “09/15 $3,000” on line 1b, column (b), 

because $3,000 of the $4,000 September payment must be used to fully 

pay the June underpayment. Also enter “01/15 $3,000” on line 1b, 

column (c), because $3,000 of the $4,000 January payment must be 

used to fully pay the September underpayment. Do not enter any 

payment on line 1b, column (d).

Line 3. If more than one payment was applied to an underpayment on 

line 1a, enter the number of days each payment was late.

Example 4. Using the same facts as Example 3 above, enter “15” 

(number of days from 04/15 to 04/30) and “61” (number of days from 

04/15 to 06/15) on line 3, column (a) (see illustration under Example 5 

below).

Line 4. Make the computation requested on line 4 and enter the result. If 

more than one payment was required to fully satisfy an underpayment 

amount, make a separate computation for each payment. See Example 5 

below.

Example 5. Assume the same facts as in Example 3, earlier. On 

line 4, enter the penalty for each underpayment: “$5.75” ($2,000 × (15 ÷ 

365) × 0.07) and “$23.40” ($2,000 × (61 ÷ 365) × 0.07). The entries are 

illustrated below.

(a)

2 04/15/23

3 Days: 15 Days: 61

4 $5.75 $23.40

Column (a) is fully paid in the second rate period; therefore, lines 6, 7, 

9, 10, 12, and 13 for column (a) would be blank. Continue with the 

underpayment in columns (b), (c), and (d) in the same manner.

Note. If an underpayment balance remains for the remaining rate 

periods, calculate the penalty using the same steps as explained above, 

but use the days and interest rates on lines 6 and 7 for rate period 2, 

lines 9 and 10 for rate period 3, and lines 12 and 13 for rate period 4.

Schedule AI—Annualized Income 

Installment Method

If your income varied during the year because, for example, you operated 

your business on a seasonal basis or had a large capital gain late in the 

year, you may be able to lower or eliminate the amount of one or more 

required installments by using the annualized income installment 

method. Use Schedule AI to figure the required installments to enter on 

Form 2210, Part III, line 10.

If you use Schedule AI for any payment due date, you must use it 

for all payment due dates.

To use the annualized income installment method to figure the 

penalty, you must do all of the following.

1. Complete Schedule AI, Part I (and Part II, if necessary). Enter the 

amounts from Schedule AI, Part I, line 27, columns (a) through (d), 

in the corresponding columns of Form 2210, Part III, line 10.

2. Complete Part III to figure the penalty. This includes completing the 

penalty worksheet in the instructions.

3. Check box C in Part II.

4. For each period shown on Schedule AI, figure your income and 

deductions based on your method of accounting. If you use the 

cash method of accounting (used by most people), include all 

income actually or constructively received during the period and all 

deductions actually paid during the period.

5. Attach Form 2210, Parts I, II, III, and Schedule AI to your return.

Note. Each period (see the top of Schedule AI) includes amounts from 

the previous period(s).

• Period (a) includes items for January 1 through March 31.

• Period (b) includes items for January 1 through May 31.

• Period (c) includes items for January 1 through August 31.

• Period (d) includes items for the entire year.

CAUTION

!

Additional information. Estates and trusts, see Notice 87-32.

Individuals filing Form 1040-NR. If you’re filing Form 1040-NR and 

you didn't receive wages as an employee subject to U.S. income tax 

withholding, follow these modified instructions for Schedule AI.

1. Skip column (a).

2. Beginning with column (b), enter on line 1 your income for the 

period that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.

3. Increase the amount on line 19 by the amount determined by 

multiplying your income for the period that isn't effectively 

connected with a U.S. trade or business by the following.

• In column (b), 72%.

• In column (c), 45%.

• In column (d), 30%.

However, if you can use a treaty rate lower than 30% for all your 

income during the year that isn’t effectively connected with a U.S. 

trade or business, use the percentages determined by multiplying 

your treaty rate by 2.4, 1.5, and 1, respectively.

If different treaty rates are applicable, substitute your weighted 

average treaty rate during the year for the treaty rate in the previous 

sentence. For example, if you have $1,000 of income during the 

year that isn’t effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, 

and $500 is subject to a 15% treaty rate, $200 is subject to a 5% 

treaty rate, and $300 is subject to a 30% treaty rate, the weighted 

average treaty rate would be 17.5%. You would use the 

percentages for columns (b), (c), and (d) determined by multiplying 

17.5% by 2.4, 1.5, and 1, respectively.

4. Enter on line 24, column (b), one-half of the amount from Form 

2210, Part I, line 9. In columns (c) and (d), enter one-fourth of that 

amount.

5. Skip column (b) of lines 22 and 25.

Part I—Annualized Income Installments

To figure the amount of each required installment, Schedule AI selects 

the smaller of the annualized income installment or the regular 

installment (that has been increased by the amount saved by using the 

annualized income installment method in figuring any earlier 

installments).

Line 1

For each period (column), figure your total income minus your 

adjustments to income. Include your share of partnership or S 

corporation income or loss items for the period.

If you’re self-employed, be sure to take into account the deductible 

part of your self-employment tax.

Line 2

Estates and trusts don't use the amounts shown in columns (a) through 

(d). Instead, use 6, 3, 1.71429, and 1.09091, respectively, as the 

annualization amounts.

Line 6

If you itemized deductions, multiply line 4 of each column by line 5 and 

enter the result on line 6.

Line 7

If you’re a resident of India and a student or business apprentice, enter 

your standard deduction from Form 1040-NR, line 12.

Line 9

Enter your deduction for qualified business income. For information on 

how to compute your deduction for qualified business income, see the 

instructions for Forms 8995 and 8995-A.

8 Instructions for Form 2210 (2023)
2023 Estimated Tax. Part I, Line 4

Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet Keep for Your Records

1. Enter the amount from the appropriate worksheet.

• Line 3 of your 2023 Estimated Tax Worksheet. (Worksheet 2-1 in Pub. 

505)

• Line 3 of Worksheet 2-6 in Pub. 505 (use if you will exclude or deduct 

foreign earned income or housing) ............. ............. 1.

2. Enter your qualified dividends expected for 

20231.................................. 2.

3. Enter your net capital gain expected for 20231...... 3.

4. Add lines 2 and 3 .......................................... 4.

5. Enter your 28% rate gain or loss expected for 

20232.................................. 5.

6. Enter your unrecaptured section 1250 gain expected for 

2023 .................................. 6.

7. Add lines 5 and 6 .......................... 7.

8. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 7 ............................. 8.

9. Subtract line 8 from line 4 .................................... 9.

10. Subtract line 9 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- ................... 10.

11. Enter the smaller of line 1 or $89,250 ($44,625 if single 

or married filing separately, or $59,750 if head of 

household) .............................. 11.

12. Enter the smaller of line 10 or line 11 ............ 12.

13. Subtract line 4 from line 1. If zero or less, 

enter -0- ................................ 13.

14. Enter the larger of line 12 or line 13 .............................................. 14.

Note. If line 11 and line 12 are the same, skip line 15 and go to line 16.

15. Subtract line 12 from line 11. This is the amount taxed at 0% ............................. 15.

Note. If lines 1 and 11 are the same, skip lines 16 through 36 and go to line 37.

16. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 9 ............................. 16.

17. Enter the amount from line 15. If line 15 is blank, enter -0- .............. 17.

18. Subtract line 17 from line 16. If zero or less, enter -0- ................. 18.

19. Enter:

• $492,300 if single,

• $276,900 if married filing separately,

• $553,850 if married filing jointly or surviving spouse, or

• $523,050 if head of household .............................. 19.

20. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 19 ............................. 20.

21. Add lines 14 and 15 ........................ 21.

22. Subtract line 21 from line 20. If zero or less, 

enter -0- ................................ 22.

23. Enter the smaller of line 18 or line 22 ............................................. 23.

24. Multiply line 23 by 15% (0.15) .................................................................. 24.

25. Add line 17 and line 23. If line 1 equals the sum of lines 21 and 23, then skip 

lines 26 through 36 and go to line 37 ............................ 25.

26. Subtract line 25 from line 16 ................................................... 26.

27. Multiply line 26 by 20% (0.20) .................................................................. 27.

28. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 6 ............................. 28.

29. Add lines 4 and 14 ......................... 29.

30. Enter the amount from line 1 above ............. 30.

31. Subtract line 30 from line 29. If zero or less, enter -0- ................. 31.

32. Subtract line 31 from line 28. If zero or less, enter -0- .................................. 32.

33. Multiply line 32 by 25% (0.25) .................................................................. 33.

Note. If line 5 is zero or blank, skip lines 34 through 36 and go to line 37 .

34. Add lines 14, 15, 23, 26, and 32 ................................................ 34.

35. Subtract line 34 from line 1 .................................................... 35.

36. Multiply line 35 by 28% (0.28) .................................................................. 36.

37. Figure the tax on the amount on line 14 from the 2023 Tax Rate Schedules ................................... 37.

38. Add lines 24, 27, 33, 36, and 37 ................................................................ 38.

(Continued on next page)

Instructions for Form 2210 (2023) 9
Line 12

Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR filers, enter -0- in each column. 

Estates and trusts, use the exemption amount shown on your return.

Line 14

To compute the tax, see the instructions for your tax return for the 

applicable Tax Table or worksheet to use. For example, Form 1040 or 

1040-SR filers can use the Tax Table; Tax Computation Worksheet; 

Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet; Schedule D Tax 

Worksheet; Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet; Schedule J; or Form 

8615, Tax for Certain Children Who Have Unearned Income.

Line 16

Enter all of the other taxes you owed because of events that occurred 

during the months shown in the column headings. Include the same 

taxes used to figure Form 2210, Part I, line 2 (except self-employment 

tax), plus the tax from Form 4972, Tax on Lump-Sum Distributions; Form 

8814, Parents' Election To Report Child's Interest and Dividends; and 

any alternative minimum tax (AMT).

To figure the AMT, Form 1040 or 1040-SR filers use Form 6251; 

estates and trusts use Schedule I (Form 1041). Figure alternative 

minimum taxable income based on your income and deductions during 

the periods shown in the column headings. Multiply this amount by the 

annualization amounts shown for each column on Schedule AI, line 2, 

before subtracting the AMT exemption.

Line 18

For each column, enter the credits you’re entitled to because of events 

that occurred during the months shown in the column headings. These 

are the credits you used to arrive at the amounts on lines 1 and 3 of Part 

I, Required Annual Payment.

When figuring your credits, annualize any item of income or 

deduction used to figure each credit. For example, if your earned income 

(and AGI) for the first period (column (a)) is $8,000 and you qualify for the 

earned income credit (EIC), use your annualized earned income 

($32,000) to figure your EIC for column (a).

Part II—Annualized Self-Employment Tax

If you had net earnings from self-employment during any period, 

complete Part II for that period to figure your annualized self-employment 

tax.

If you’re married and filing a joint return and both you and your 

spouse had net earnings from self-employment, complete a separate 

Part II for each spouse. Enter on line 15 of Schedule AI, Part I, the 

combined amounts from line 36 of each spouse's Part II.

Any Additional Medicare Tax on self-employment income will be 

computed in Part I.

Line 28

Generally, to figure your net earnings from self-employment on line 28, 

multiply your net profit from all trades or businesses for each period by 

92.35% (0.9235).

However, if your Form W-2 showed church employee income or you 

deducted Conservation Reserve Program payments on your 

Schedule SE, use a separate Schedule SE as a worksheet to calculate 

net earnings from self-employment for each period. For this purpose, net 

earnings from self-employment is the amount on Schedule SE, line 6.

Line 30

If you filed Form 4137, Social Security and Medicare Tax on Unreported 

Tip Income, or Form 8919, Uncollected Social Security and Medicare 

Tax on Wages, use the following instructions to figure the additional 

amount to include in the appropriate columns of line 30.

• Form 4137: Include the actual unreported tips for the period subject 

to social security tax. This will be the amount on Form 4137, line 10, 

when the form is completed for a specific period.

• Form 8919: Include the actual wages for the period from which the 

social security tax wasn't withheld. This will be the amount on Form 

8919, line 10, when the form is completed for a specific period.

Paperwork Reduction Act Notice. We ask for the information on this 

form to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. You’re 

required to give us the information. We need it to ensure that you’re 

complying with these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right 

amount of tax.

You aren’t required to provide the information requested on a form 

that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act unless the form displays a 

valid OMB control number. Books or records relating to a form or its 

instructions must be retained as long as their contents may become 

material in the administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax 

returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 

6103.

The time needed to complete and file this form will vary depending on 

individual circumstances. The estimated burden for individual taxpayers 

filing this form is approved under OMB control number 1545-0074 and is 

included in the estimates shown in the instructions for their individual 

income tax return. The estimated burden for all other taxpayers who file 

this form is shown below.

Recordkeeping ......................... 13 min.

Learning about the law or the form.............. 50 min.

Preparing the form ....................... 3 hr., 42 min.

Copying, assembling, and sending the form to the IRS. . 41 min.

If you have comments concerning the accuracy of these time 

estimates or suggestions for making this form simpler, we’d be happy to 

hear from you. See the instructions for the tax return with which this form 

is filed.

2023 Estimated Tax. Part I, Line 4

Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet (Continued)

39. Figure the tax on the amount on line 1 from the 2023 Tax Rate Schedules .................................... 39.

40. Tax on all taxable income (including capital gains and qualified dividends). Enter the smaller of line 38 

or line 39 here and on Part I, line 4 (or line 4 of Worksheet 2-6 in Pub. 505) ...................................

40.

1

 If you expect to deduct investment interest expense, don’t include on this line any qualified dividends or net capital gain that you will elect to treat as 

investment income. 

2

 This includes a section 1202 exclusion from eligible gain on qualified small business stock and gain or loss from the sale or exchange of collectibles. See the 

Instructions for Schedule D (Form 1040) for more information.

10 Instructions for Form 2210 (2023)