“g's

DECELERATION FORCE IN

240-
200-
160~

120-7"

80-

40-

Cee ee
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

VELOCITY OF iMPACT
(FT/SEC)

METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES)

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT

POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES).

PADDED. . .

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
DEPTH (INCHES)

AREA (SQ. INCHES)

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

neta

.
4

BEFORE IMPACT

AFTER IMPACT

37.0

036

Yes
1 Yo
88.1

él
FORD


DECELERATION “FORCE IN “g's

z
TT Tit ene es
DURATION. TIME WW MILLISECONDS: i Ss?

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

194



DECELERATION FORCE IN "g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC). ............., 88
240- =| METAL THICKNESS
| (INCHES) ©0222 ot.
200- 4
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
if i)
160- 4 POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... —3“@
120~
PADDED... . . fect MO
20-
: : MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: 13
40- poppe bens DEPTH (INCHES)... . A
° io Fa 80.1
Oo 4 6 I2 16 20 2 26 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 AREA (69. INCHES)
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 55
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR _ FORO

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT


ap fey
0 4 8 42 16 20-26: 28 32 36 40 44° 48

ine

DURATION TIME. IN MILLISECONDS

VELOCITY OF iMPACT
UAFT/SEC).

METAL THICKNESS =~
{INCHES) Se

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES). .. ..

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
‘DEPTH (INCHES) 0...

AREA (SQ. INCHES). ......

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR .....

BEFORE

IMPACT

185

AFTER IMPACT



DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

240-

200--

160~

8
n

3

rs
6

2

BEFORE

20 24 28

Le
32 36 40 44 48 52 56

DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

60

VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC) .

METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES)

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)
PADDED.

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
DEPTH (INCHES) .

AREA (SQ. INCHES) .

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR

IMPACT

201

AFTER IMPACT



DECELERATION FORCE WW "g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC). 4B
METAL THICKNESS
MINCHES) 2... os.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... __21_
PADDED.............. - NO
- MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: 1
f i DEPTH (INCHES) . 16
igi hare Pan
oO 4 8 12 20 24 20 82 36 40 44 ay sh se eb AREA (SQ. INCHES)... ... LS
DURATION. TIME IN MILLISECONDS 55
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR - LOS

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT


DECELERATION FORCE IN “g"s

240-
200-

160-

8

o
S
?

3

A ee
12 16 20 24 28 32 36

40 44 48 52 56

DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

BEFORE

60

VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC) .

METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES)

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT

POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES).

PADDED... . .

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
DEPTH (INCHES)

AREA (SQ. INCHES)

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR

IMPACT

203

Se SE RE BEE EOD Reena L Th
SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

fn

AFTER IMPACT



VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC)... 322.
240- : METAL THICKNESS
s 200 H (INCHES) . 037.
z RAOWS OF CURVATURE AT ,
g 160 i POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES). 34
z 120-
E60 PADDED........ NO.
5 MAXIMUM. DEPRESSION \
go DEPTH (INCHES) 2
OS
0 4 8 12 W 20 2 2 32 36 40 44 48 Se 56 60 AREA (SQ. INCHES) BIO
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 63
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR FORD

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

198


AFTER IMPACT



DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC)... . 315
METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES) 6. 043
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT 1
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES).....  _/2_
PADDED.................., _NO_
MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: x,
DEPTH (INCHES) 3
ot toa toa 273
0 4 8 12 16 2 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Se 85 60 AREA (SQ. INCHES) ....... 273.
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 60
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR SEV

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

187


DECELERATION FORCE IN “o's

feo seh a
VELOCITY OF sipact :
one OTE ee. 4
240
i, cent ua
pag PTR OS iat ee OME) oe a cee Oe
i RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
ik PONT OF IMPACT (NICHES). .... 78
V20~ wig
j
sod PADDED. o.oo eee beeen
(MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
a DEPTH UNCHES)...0... ve.
0 T - HE 40.7
Oo 8 BOR WG mM th do ce gh te de co AREA (SQ. NCES), SR
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 57
YEAR AND MAKE OF cAR..... DODGE

SHAPE. AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT


VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC) TQ.

METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES)

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES) =

PADDED AES

ERATION FORC:

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION
DEPTH (INCHES)

pec

D AREA (SQ. INCHES)

2a 40

DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE !MPACT AFTER IMPACT



DECELERATION FORCE IN “5's

"6 20. 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 80
DURATION TIME iN. MILLISECONDS:

1
bid

4
60

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

FT/SEC) 31.6
‘METAL THICKNESS

WINCHES) ee pan
RADIUS OF CURVATURE aT as
= POINT OF. IMPACT (INCHES)... —8-5_

PADDED.

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:
DEPTH (INCHES)

AREA (SQ. INCHES) .

54
oLps

YEAR ANO MAKE OF CAR 2.

ene

BEFORE IMPACT

189

AFTER IMPACT


DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC) bees 43.5
METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES) : :038
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT isl,
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... © “2
PADDED... .....0......, NO
MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: 3}
DEPTH (INCHES) 24
am a beet Bee a ee 146.9
4 8 12 16 20. 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 $2 56 60 AREA (SQ. INCHES) _
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 56
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR FORO

bs koa bees

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

205


DECELERATION FORCE IN “y's

sean ee)
(2 18 20 24 28 32 36 40. 44

DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

/VELOCITY OF iMPACT

POTISEO) oct ees

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
- POINT. OF IMPACT (INCHES)...

_ MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:

DEPTH (INCHES).........
AREA (SQ. INCHES)... 2...

“YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR ....

SHAPE

BEFORE IMPACT

181

AFTER IMPACT



VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC) . oo SES
240- METAL THICKNESS
2 : (INCHES) . 045
2 200-
wu RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
g 160" POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES). .. . 3
&
120-
z
2 i : PADDED... 2.00.00... NO
& 80- :
I MAXIMUM DEPRESSION 2
gs DEPTH (INCHES) . ae
3
° rot Cs 71.0
© 4 @ 12 1 2 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 AREA (SQ. INCHES)... - —
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 54
MERC
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR ——

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

192


DECELERATION FORCE IN "¢"s

VELOCITY OF IMPACT
HET /SEQ) ek,

METAL THICKNESS:
(INCHES) oe eee,

BEFORE IMPACT

AFTER IMPACT


DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

eB

§

+ ‘i * een)
4-8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36°40 44 48 52
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS

:
86

'
60

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

MFT /SEC) ee .

METAL THICKNESS

(INCHES)

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT

POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... ..

MAXIMUM DEPRESSION:

DEPTH UNCHES)... 22...
AREA (SQ. INCHES)... ...

YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR .....

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

L

‘BEFORE IMPACT

188

AFTER

IMPACT

NO

2%,

93.7


VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC). : 42.6
METAL THICKNESS,
AINCHES) ©... 2039
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT |
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES). . . He
PADDED. . cette ee NO
MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: 4
nad DEPTH (INCHES) 3%
ral ! 4
ee et ee eee a a 150:
0 4 8 12 1 2 2 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 AREA (SQ. INCHES), «1507
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 87
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR FORO

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

202




VELOCITY OF IMPACT
WPT/SEQ) cece

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT


DECELERATION FORCE WN “g's”

BEFORE

IMPACT

195

AFTER

IMPACT

31.95



DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC). 320
METAL THICKNESS
INCHES) ©... 036
z / RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT y,
: POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES) 4
3 PADDED................... NO
t MAXIMUM DEPRESSION: 3,
|eae3 es DEPTH (INCHES)........, “4
ort en nel ods as sh sk et AREA (SQ. INCHES) 17.4
o 4 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 ~ 7
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR .. CHEW

i

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

197


“AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

AFTER IMPACT

BEFORE IMPACT



DECELERATION FORCE IN “g's

VELOCITY OF IMPACT

(FT/SEC). . . 437
240- METAL THICKNESS
(INCHES) 096.
200-
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT j
160- POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES). . A~“a
\20-
PADDED........ No.
e0-
MAXIMUM DEPRESSION 5,
405 DEPTH (INCHES) 14
° 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1 92.2
0 4 8 12 2 24 28 32 36 40 44 4a 52 56 60 AREA (SQ, INCHES) _—
DURATION TIME IN MILLISECONDS 55
YEAR AND MAKE OF CAR OLDS

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT


BEFORE . IMPACT “AFTER IMPACT


. “VELOCITY OF IMPACT :
FT/SEC) a8
240. METAL THICKNESS
tas. QNCHES) as.
: "RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT \
160: POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... —2_

‘DECELERATION FORCE i “'s

BEFORE IMPACT

AFTER IMPACT


VELOCITY OF IMPACT
(FT/SEC) ee eee

METAL THICKNESS .
(INCHES) 0 ee

RADIUS OF CURVATURE AT
POINT OF IMPACT (INCHES)... ..

. — ae roa ‘
0 4 8 12 16 20. 24 26 Se 36 40 44 48 82 86 60
DURATION, TIME IM MILLISECONDS

SHAPE AND AREA OF DEPRESSION

BEFORE IMPACT AFTER IMPACT

196