United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection Washington, DC 20460 September 2015 Agency



# Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category : EPA’s Response to Public Comments

Part 1 of 10Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

- 1 

### FOREWORD

This document provides responses to all significant comments submitted on EPA ’s proposed effluent limitations and guidelines rule for the Steam Electric Power Generation Point Source Category . EPA ’s p ropos al was published in the Federal Register on June 7, 2013 ( 78 FR
34432 ) and the public comment period closed on September 20, 2013

. 1 

### Submitted comments are available electronically through http://www.regulations.gov by searching Docket ID No . EPA

HQ

- OW

- 20 09

- 0 819 and in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room

. The telephone number for the Water Docket is (202) 566

- 2426 and the telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566

- 1744. The Water Docket assigned a unique Document Control Number (DCN) to each comment submittal with the following format: EPA

- HQ

- OW

2009

- 0819

- xxxx, where the four digit number at the end is unique to that comment submittal. Where a commenter submitted more than one file, EPA has included an attachment number, for example EPA

- HQ

- OW

- 2009

- 0819

- xxxx

- A1 (A2, A3, etc.)

Due to the volume of comment s re ceived, this document is organized into 10 parts as indicated
in the Table of Contents

. The Table of Contents provides a list of comment topics covered in each part of the 10 parts of this document

. To organize the comments and to facilitate EPA ’s

response s, EPA classified comment submittals received by topic

. If a specific comment submittal addressed multiple topics, EPA subdivided the submittal by topic

. Comments or portions of comments assigned to specific topics are referred to as “ comment excerpts

. ” Al l of the individual comment excerpts classified to a specific topic are reproduced within the chapter or subchapter corresponding to that topic and EPA ’s response to each comment excerpt is provided immediately following the comment excerpt . Within a speci fic topic or subtopic the comment excerpts are often sorted in order of the DCN s ; however

, this is not always the case . T he DCNs may not be in order so that the most complicated or extensive comment excerpt is responded to first and followed by the other excerpts for that code. DCN s may also be order ed within a specific topic or subtopic so that similar comment issues follow each other

.
To support the reader in finding and understanding the comments and their responses, EPA has provided the following as part of this document:

 A list of acronyms used throughout the comment response document (located in Part
1 ).

 A listing of the major support documents for this rulemaking, references throughout the comment responses (located in Part 1).

 The comment response s by comment topic (located in Parts 2 through 9).

 An essay summarizing issues related to statistical analyses for calculating effluent limitations, supporting responses to Code 31 ( Appendix A, located in Part 10).

1 EPA extended the public comment period (from August 6, 2013 to September 20, 2013) based on requests received from commenters. These extension requests can be found in the record.Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

- 2 

###  A listing of comments received on the Coa l Combustion Residuals (CCR) Rule ( Appendix B, located in Part 10).

 A comment response index listing the comment submittals ordered by Affiliate Name and providing a cross reference to the Document Control Number(s) (DCN) ( Appendix C, located in Part 10 )

.

 A comment response index listing the comment submittals ordered by DCN and identifying the comment excerpts and their assigned topics ( Appendix D, located in
Part 10 )

. Where one comment response includes a cross reference to another response, the reader ca n use the cross reference list in Appendix D to locate the comment code in which the cross referenced response is located.

EPA notes th at many commenters raised the same, similar

, or related issues. Therefore, in

many cases , the response to a specific exce rpt may refer the reader to another response that exists for a different DCN and/or excerpt. The referenced DCN and excerpt may be located in a different topic section. The reader can use Appendix D to identify the topic section that applies for any specif

ic DCN and excerpt number. D ue to the large number of comments that address similar issues, as well as the volume of the comments received, the Response to Public Comments Document does not always cross

- reference each response to the commenter(s) who
raise d the particular issue involved. While EPA endeavored to be accurate and consistent in assigning comment excerpts to topics and subtopics , and in cross

- referencing other relevant

responses , some excerpts may have content that overlaps multiple topics

. Acc ordingly, readers

may find it helpful to read this entire document to obtain EPA ’s response regarding a given general topic. Moreover, in many instances, particular responses presented in the Response to
Comments Document include cross references to other portions of the administrative record, including the preamble, the Technical Development Document (TDD) , the Regulatory Impact
Assessment (RIA) , the Environmental Assessment (EA) , the Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA) , or elsewhere in the Response to Comments Do cument, where the commenter can find additional information. All issues on which the Agency is taking final action are addressed in the rulemaking record. Accordingly, the Response to Comments Document, together with the preamble and the rest of the admin istrative record should be considered collectively as the Agency’s response to all of the significant comments submitted on the proposed rule.

Due to the volume of comments received, some responses in the Response to Public Comments Document may not refle ct the language in the preamble or final rule in every respect. Where the response is in conflict with the preamble or the final rule, the language in the final preamble and rule controls and should be used for purposes of understanding the scope, require ments, and basis of the final rule. Although portions of the preamble to the final rule are paraphrased in this document where useful to add clarity to responses, the preamble itself
remains the definitive statement of the rationale for the final rule.

To locate other documents in the record, the reader should use the final rule record index. For information on the final rule record index and how to use it, see the Steam Record Index User’s Guide.

This rule is supported, in part, by the following documents :Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

- 3 

###  Technical Development Document for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (TDD),
Document No. EPA

- 821

- R

- 15

- 007.

 Environmental Assessment for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (EA), Document No.
EPA

- 821

- R

- 15

- 006.

 Benefits and Cost Analysis for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (BCA ), Document No.
EPA

- 821

- R

- 15

- 005.

 Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (RIA), Document No.
EPA

- 821

- R

- 15

- 004.

 Incremental Costs and Pollutant Removals for the Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category (Cost & Loads Report), DCN SE05831 and SE05832.

The primary contact regarding questions or comments on this document is :

Jezebele Ali cea

- Virella
Phone: (202) 56 6

- 1755
Email: alicea.jezebele@epa.gov

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Engineering and Analysis Division
Mail Code 4303T William Jefferson Clinton Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

- 4 

### T ABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 of 10

Foreword

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 1

- 1
Table of Contents

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 1

- 4 Acronyms

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 1

- 1 1



### Part 2 of 10

1 General

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 2

- 1

1.a General

– Support for Rulemaking

................................ ................................ .... No excerpts assigned.

1.a.i General Support

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 2

- 3



### Part 3 of 10

1.a.ii Overly Generalized/Out

- of

- Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ 3

- 1
1.b General

– Against Rulemaking

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 3

- 175

1.c General

– Steam Electric Record and Data Availability

................................ ............................. 3

- 199

1.d General

– Alternative Fuels

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 3

- 248

2 Legal Authority

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 3

- 275

3 Data

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 3

- 380

4 Data Collection

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 3

- 471

4.a Data Collection

– 2009 Questionnaire for the Steam Electric Power Generating Effluent

Guidelines

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 3

- 472

4.b Data Collection

– Collection of Characterization Data

................................ ............................... 3

- 474

4.c Data Collection

– Technology Vendor Data

................................ ..................... No excerpts assigned.

4.d Data Collection

– Other Data Sources

................................ ................................ ......................... 3

- 544

5 Scope and Applicability

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 3

- 546

5.a Scope and Applicability

– Facilities Subject to 40 CFR Part 423

................................ ............... 3

- 556

5.b Scope and Applicability

– Subcategorization

................................ ................................ .............. 3

- 578

5.c Scope and Applicability

– Threshold

................................ ................................ .......................... 3

- 594

5.d Scope and Applicability

– Wastestreams Regulated without Proposed Revisions to ELGs

....... 3

- 673

5.e Scope and Applicability

– Wastestreams Covered Under Low Volume Wast es (No Wastestream Specific Limitations )

................................ ................................ .............................. 3

- 74 5



### Part 4 of 10

6 Regulatory Options

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 4

- 1

6.a Regulatory Options

– Identification and Selection of Pollutants

................................ .................. 4

- 56

6.b Regulatory Options

– EPA Pass

- Through Analysis

................................ ................................ .... 4

- 113

6.c Regulatory Options

– Technology Versus Water Qualit y Based Limitations

............................. 4

- 136

6.d Regulatory Options

– NPDES Program Provisions

................................ ................................ .... 4

- 145

6.e Regulatory Options

– Ponds/Impoundments Used for Treatment

................................ ............... 4

- 149

6.f Regulatory Options

– General Methodology

................................ ................................ ............... 4

- 159Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 5 6.g Regulat ory Options

– Definitions

................................ ................................ ................................ 4

- 268 6.g.i Combustion Residual Leachate (Leachate)

................................ ................................ ........... 4

- 269 6.g.ii Nonchemical Metal Cleaning Wastes (NCMCW)

................................ ................................ . 4

- 324 6.g.i i i Metal Cleaning Wastes (MCW) /Chemical Metal Cleaning Wastes

................................ ...... 4

- 346 6.g.i v Transport Water

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 4

- 349 6.g. v Dry Bottom Ash Handling System

................................ ................................ ........................ 4

- 357 6.g. v i Gasification Wastewater

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 4

- 362 6.g. vi i New Source

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 4

- 367 6.g. vii i Pretreatment 10

- Year/24 Hour Storm

................................ ................................ .................... 4

- 386 6.g .ix Bottom Ash and Boiler Slag

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 4

- 387 6.g .x FGD Wastewater

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 4

- 397 6.g. x i FGD Gypsum

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 4

- 404 6.g. xii Primary Particulate Collection System

................................ ................................ .................. 4

- 407 6.g .xiii Flue Gas Mercury Control Water (FGMC)

................................ ................................ ........... 4

- 409 6.g. x i v Low Volume Waste

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 4

- 412 6.g. xv Impoundment (CCR Impoundment, Surface Impoundment)

................................ ................ 4

- 416 6.g.xvi Zero Discharge and No Discharge

................................ ................................ ......................... 4

- 417 6.g.xvii Blowdown

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 4

- 419 6.g. xviii Changing Definitions

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 4

- 420
6.h Cost Effectiveness

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

- 422

6.i Regulatory Options Supported or Opposed

................................ ....................... No excerpts assigned.

6.i.i Support/Oppose Zero Discharge

................................ ................................ ............................... 4

- 477
6.i.ii Support Option 1

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

- 488
6.i.iii Support Option 5

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

- 496
6.i.iv Support/ Oppose Options 4/5

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4

- 524
6.i.v Support/Oppose Option 3a/3b

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 4

- 543
6.i.vi Sup port Option 3

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 4

- 549
6.i.vii Support/Oppose Options 3/4a

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 4

- 550
6.i.viii Support Options 4/4a

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 4

- 555 6.j Inclusion of BPJ

................................ ................................ ............................... No excerpts assigned. 6.j.i Oppose BPJ

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 4

- 557 6.j.ii Support BPJ

................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 4

- 574



### Part 5 of 10

7 Industry Operations

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 5

- 1

8 FGD Wastewater

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 5

- 17

8.a FGD

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ........................ No excerpts assigned.

8.b FGD

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ .... No excerpts assigned.

8.c FGD

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ........................... 5

- 147

8.d FGD

– Calculation of Baseline Loads

................................ ................................ ......................... 5

- 188

9 FGD Chemical Precipitation

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 5

- 243

9.a FGD CP

– Demonstration/Performance

................................ ................................ ...................... 5

- 258

9.b FGD CP

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 5

- 289

9.c FGD CP

– Pollutant Loadings

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 5

- 323

9.d FGD CP

– NWQI

................................ ................................ .............................. No excerpts assigned.Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 6 10 FGD Biological Treatment

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 5

- 33 6

10.a FGD Bio

– Demonstration/Performance

................................ ................................ ..................... 5

- 363

10.b FGD Bio

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 5

- 520

10.c FGD Bio

– Pollutant Loadings

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 5

- 563

10.d FGD Bio

– NWQI

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 5

- 606



### Part 6 of 10

11 FGD Vapor

- Compression Evaporation System

................................ ................................ ............ 6

- 1

11.a FGD VCE

– Demonstration/Performance

................................ ................................ ..................... 6

- 23

11.b FGD VCE

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 6

- 79

11.c FGD V CE

– Pollutant Loadings

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 6

- 124

11.d FGD VCE

– NWQI

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 6

- 129

12 FGD Other Treatment Technologies

................................ ................................ .......................... 6

- 140

13 Fly Ash Transport Water

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 6

- 154

13.a FA Transport Water

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ......................... 6

- 176

13.b FA Transport Water

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 6

- 177

13.c FA Transport Water

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ... 6

- 178

13.d FA Transport Water

– Calculation of Baseline Loads

................................ ................................ . 6

- 181

14 Dry Fly Ash Handling

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 6

- 193

14.a Dry Fly Ash Handling

– Demonstration/Performance

................................ ................................ 6

- 215

14.b Dry Fly Ash Handling

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 6

- 227

14.c Dry Fly Ash Handling

– Pollutant Loads

................................ ................................ .................... 6

- 268

14.d Dry Fly Ash Handling

– NWQI

................................ ................................ ........ No excerpts assigned.

14.e Dry Fly Ash Handling

– Other Technology Options

................................ ................................ ... 6

- 269

15 Bottom Ash Transport Water

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6

- 279

15.a BA Transport Water

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ......................... 6

- 337

15.b BA Transport Water

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 6

- 342

15.c BA Tr a nsport Water

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ .. 6

- 353

15.d BA Transport Water

– Calculation of Baseline Loads

................................ ................................ 6

- 379

16 Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 6

- 453

16.a Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

– Demonstration / Performance

................................ ....................... 6

- 502

16.b Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

– Costs

................................ ................................ ........................... 6

- 540

16.c Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

– Pollutant Loads

................................ ................................ ........... 6

- 651

16.d Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

- NWQI

................................ ............................... No excerpts assigned.

16.e Zero Discharge Bottom Ash

– Other Technology Options

................................ ........................ 6

- 656

.

17 Combined Ash Transport Water

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ .......... 6

- 673Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 7 

### Part 7 of 10

18 Combustion Residual Landfill Leachate (Leachate)

................................ ................................ ..... 7

- 1

18.a Leachate

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

- 37

18.b Leachate

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 7

- 65

18.c Leachate

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ...................... 7

- 68

18.d Leachate

– Calculation of Baseline Loads

................................ ................................ .................... 7

- 73

19 Leachate Chemical Precipitation

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7

- 79

19.a Leachate CP

– Demonstration/Perfo rmance

................................ ................................ .................. 7

- 95

19.b Leachate CP

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 7

- 96

19.c Leachate CP

– Pollutant Loadings

................................ ................................ ............................... 7

- 109

19.d Leachate CP

– NWQI

................................ ................................ ........................ No excerpts assigned.

20 Leachate Biological Treatment

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 7

- 111

20.a Leachate Bio

– Demonstration/Performance

................................ ................................ ............... 7

- 114

20.b Leachate Bio

– Costs

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 7

- 125

20.c Leachate Bio

– Pollutant Load ings

................................ ................................ .... No excerpts assigned.

20.d Leachate Bio

– NWQI

................................ ................................ ....................... No excerpts assigned.

21 Flue Gas Mercury Control (FGMC) Wastewater

................................ ................................ ..... 7

- 126

21.a FGMC

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

- 128

21.b FGMC

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 7

- 138

21.c FGMC

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ........................ 7

- 142

21.d FGMC

– Calculation of Baseline Loads

................................ ................................ ...................... 7

- 143

21.e FGMC

– Treatment Technologies

................................ ................................ ............................... 7

- 144

22 Nonchemical Metal Cleaning Wastes (NMCW)

................................ ................................ ........ 7

- 145

22.a NMCW

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

- 193

22.b NMCW

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 7

- 325

22.c NMCW

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ...................... 7

- 392

22.d NMCW

– Treatment Technologies

................................ ................................ ............................. 7

- 399

23 Gasification Wastewater

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

- 426

23.a Gasification

– General/Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 7

- 437

23.b Gasification

– Profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 7

- 452

23.c Gasification

– Wastewater Characterization

................................ ................................ ............... 7

- 457

23.d Gasification

– Treatment Technologies

................................ ................................ ....................... 7

- 461

24 Non

- Water Quality Impacts

................................ ................................ ............. No excerpts assigned.

25 Environmental Assessment

................................ ................................ .............. No excerpts assigned.

25.a EA

– Scope

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ No excer pts assigned.

25.a.i EA

– Scope

– Evaluated Waste Streams

................................ ......................... No excerpts assigned.
25.a.ii EA

– Scope

– Evaluated Plants

................................ ................................ ....... No excerpts assigned.
25.a.iii EA

– Scope

– Evaluated Pollutants

................................ ................................ .......................... 7

- 463
25.a.i v EA

– Scope

– Evaluated Receiving Waters

................................ .................... No excerpts assigned.
25.b EA

– Environmental Impacts and Exposure Pathways

................................ ............................... 7

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EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 8 25.b.i EA Impact s

– Surface Water

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 7

- 569
25.b.ii EA Impact s

– Ground Water

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 7

- 589
25.b.iii EA Impact s

– Sensitive Environments

................................ ................................ ...................... 7

- 612
25.b.iv EA Impact s

– Wildlife

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

- 672
25.b.v EA Impact s

– Huma n Health

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 7

- 691
25.b.vi EA Impact s

– Other Impacts/Exposure Pathway

................................ ................................ ...... 7

- 732
25.b.vii EA Impact s

– Chesapeake Bay

................................ ................................ ................................ . 7

- 738
25.c EA

– Loadings Analyses

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

- 74 1

25.c.i EA Loadings

– Comparison to Loadings From POTWs and Other
Industries

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... No excerpts assigned.
25.c .ii EA Loadings

– Loadings to Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes Watersheds

............................ 7

- 747
25.d EA

– Proximity Analysis

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 7

- 74 9

25.e EA

– Overall Modeling Approach

................................ ................................ ............................... 7

- 75 1

25.f EA

– Water Quality Model

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 7

- 75 5

25.f.i EA WQM

– Methodology

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 7

- 760
25.f.ii EA WQM

– Benchmarks

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 7

- 766
25.f.iii EA WQM

– Validation/Calibration

................................ ................................ No excerpts assigned. 25.g EA

– Wildlife Model

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 7

- 76 8 25.g.i EA WLM

– Methodology

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7

- 770 25.g.ii EA WLM

– Validation/Calibration

................................ ................................ .......................... 7

- 786
25.h EA

– Human Health Model

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 7

- 78 7

25.i EA

– Downstream Model

................................ ................................ .................. No excerpts assigned. 25.j EA

– Environmental Improveme nts Under Regulatory Options

....................... No excerpts assigned.



### Part 8 of 10

26 Regulatory Implementation

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8

- 1

26.a Regulatory Implementation

– Voluntary Program

................................ ................................ .......... 8

- 3

26.b Regulatory Implementation

– Timing

................................ ................................ ........................... 8

- 35

26.c Regulatory Implementation

– Legacy Waste

................................ ................................ .............. 8

- 143

26.d Regulatory Implementation

– Compliance Monitoring

................................ ............................... 8

- 169

26.e Regulatory Implementation

– Net Credits

................................ ................................ ................... 8

- 336

26.f Regulatory Implementation

– Other

................................ ................................ ............................ 8

- 340

27 Coordination with Other EPA Rules

................................ ................................ .......................... 8

- 385

27.a Coordination

– OAR/Cross

- State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)

................................ ................. 8

- 429

27.b Coordination

– OAR/Greenhouse Gas R eporting Program

............................... No excerpts assigned.

27.c Coordination

– OAR/Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS)

................................ ............ 8

- 430

27.d Coordination

– OW/316b

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8

- 431

27.e Coordination

– ORCR/CCR

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 8

- 433



### Part 9 of 10

28 Economics

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... No excerpts assigned.

28.a Econ

– Plants/owners profile

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 9

- 1

28.b Econ

– Total costs and economic impact analyses assumptions

................................ ..................... 9

- 3Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 9 28.c Econ

– IPM

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 9

- 38

28.d Econ

– Impacts on new plants

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 9

- 43

28.e Econ

– Impacts on specific types of entities / RFA and UMRA

................................ ................... 9

- 47

28.f Econ

– Electricity rate and household impacts

................................ ................................ .............. 9

- 67 28.g Econ

– Employment impacts

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 9

- 86

28.h Econ

– E nvironmental justice

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 9

- 88

28.i Econ

– Paperwork / burden

................................ ................................ ............... No excerpts assigned. 28.j Econ

– EOs 12866 and 13563

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 9

- 111

28.k Econ

– Other E o s

................................ ................................ ............................... No excerpts assigned.

28.l Econ

– Other comments

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 9

- 132

29 Benefits

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... No excerpts assigned.

29.a Benefits

– Analysis scope and benefit categories

................................ ................................ ........ 9

- 159

29.b Benefits

– Benefit analyses assumptions

................................ ................................ ..................... 9

- 198

29.c Benefits

– Human health benefits

................................ ................................ ................................ 9

- 212

29.d Benefits

– Water quality improvement nonuse benefits

................................ .............................. 9

- 242

29.e Benefits

– E&T species benefits

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9

- 257

29.f Benefits

– Groundwater quality benefits

................................ ........................... No excerpts assigned. 29.g Benefi ts

– Benefits from avoided impoundment failures

................................ ............................ 9

- 262

29.h Benefits

– Air

- related benefits

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 9

- 307

29.i Benefits

– Benefits from reduced water withdrawals

................................ ................................ .. 9

- 336 29.j Benefits

– Total benefits

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 9

- 347

30 Statistics

– Survey Design

................................ ................................ ................. No excerpts assigned.

30.a Sample Frame

................................ ................................ ................................ .... No excerpts assigned.

30.b Sample Design

................................ ................................ ................................ ... No excerpts assigned.

30.c Survey Response

................................ ................................ ............................... No excerpts assigned.

30.d Survey Weighting

................................ ................................ .............................. No excerpts assigned.

30.e Estimation

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... No excerpts assigned.

31 Numeric Limits

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 9

- 357

31.a Engr NL

– Selection of Facilities for FGD Wastewater

................................ .............................. 9

- 367

31.a.i Engr NL Selec t Facs for FGD

– Chemical Precipitation Treatment

................................ ......... 9

- 381
31.a.ii Engr NL Select Facs for FGD

– Chemical Preci pitation Followed By Biological
Treatment

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9

- 392
31.a.iii Engr NL Select Facs for FGD

– Chemical Precipitation Followed By Vapor

- Compression Evapo ration Treatment

................................ ................................ ............ 9

- 396
31.b Engr NL

– Selection of Facilities for Gasification Wastewater

................................ .................. 9

- 397

31.c Stats NL

– Selectio n of Data Within Facilities for FGD Wastewater

................................ ......... 9

- 400

31.c.i Stats NL Select Data for FGD

– Chemical Precipitation Treatment

................................ ........ 9

- 403
31.c.ii Stats NL Select Data for FGD

– Chemical Pr eci pitation Followed By Biological
Treatment

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 9

- 406
31.c.iii Stats NL Select Data for FGD

– Chemical Precipitation Followed By Vapor

- Compression Evaporation Treatment

................................ ................................ ............ 9

- 414
31.d Stats NL

– Selection of Data Within Facilities for Gasification Wastewater

.............................. 9

- 416

31.e Stats NL

– Baseline Substitutions

................................ ................................ ............................... 9

- 424Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments



### TABLE OF CONTENTS (Co ntinued)

1

- 10 31.f Stats NL

– Data Aggregation

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 9

- 427 31.g Stats NL

– Data Editing Criteria (LTA Test)

................................ .................... No excerpts assigned.

31.h Stats NL

– Statistical Method used to Calculate the Limits

................................ ........................ 9

- 430

31.h.i Stats NL Stat Method Used

– Comments on Appendix B

................................ ........................ 9

- 450
31.h.ii Calculation of the Serial Correlation (Autocorrelation)

................................ ............................ 9

- 468
31.h.iii Stats NL Stat Method Used

– Assuming of No Correlation (Autocorrelation Value of Zero)

................................ ................................ ..... No excerpts assigned.
31.h.iv Stats NL S tat Method Used

– Transfer of Serial Correlation (Autocorrelation)

................................ ................................ ............................. No excerpts assigned.
31.i Stats NL

– Transfer of Limitations for Leachate Wastewater

........................... No excerpts assigned. 31.j Stats NL

– Transfer of Limitations f or Biological Treatment for FGD

Wastewater

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ No excerpts assigned.

31.k Stats NL

– Engineering Review of Limitations for FGD Wastewater

................................ ........ 9

- 478

31.l Stats NL

– Engineering Review of Limitations for Gasification Wastewater

... No excerpts assigned.

32 Analytical Methods

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 9

-- 498



### Part 10 of 10

Appendix A: Issues Related to Statistical Analyses for Calculating Effluent Limitations

Appendix B: Comments Received on the Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) Rule

Appendix C: Comment Response Index Listing the Comment Submittals Ordered by Affiliate

Name

Appendix D : Comment Response Index Listing the Comment Submittals Ordered by DCN and

Identifying the Comment ExcerptsEffluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

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### ACRONYMS

APA Administrative Procedure Act.

BADCT Best available demonstrated control technology.

BAT Best available technology economically achievable, as defined by CWA

sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2)(B).

BATEA Best available technology economically achievable, as defined by CWA

sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2)(B).

BCA Benefits and costs analysis.

BCT The best conventional pollutant control technology, applicable to

discharges of conventional pollutants from existing industrial point sources, as defined by sections 301(b)(2)(E) and 304(b)(4) of the CWA.

BLM Bureau of Land Manag ement.

BMP Best management practice.

BOD Biochemical oxygen demand.

BPJ Best professional judgement.

BPT The best practicable control technology currently available as defined by

sections 301(b)(1) and 304(b)(1) of the CWA.

CBI Confidential b usiness i nformation.

CCR Coal c ombustion r esiduals.

CFR Code of Federal Regulations.

COD Chemical oxygen demand.

CP Chemical precipitation.

CPP Clean Power Plan.

CSAPR Cross

- State Air Pollution Rule.

CWA Clean Water Act.

CWIS Cooling water intake structures.

CWNS Clean Watershed Needs Survey.

CWT Centralized w aste t reatment.

DBP Disinfection byproduct.

DCN Document c ontrol n umber.

DOE Department of Energy.

DSI Detailed site investigation

. DSS Dense slurry system.Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

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### EA Environmental assessment.

EIA Energy Information Administration.

EJ Environmental Justice.

ELG Effluent limitations guidelines and standards.

EO Executive order.

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

ESP Electrostatic precipitator.

FDF Fundamentally Different Factor.

FGD Flue gas desulfurization.

FGMC Flue gas mercury control.

FOIA Freedom of Information Act.

FTE Full

- time equivalent.

GHG Greenhouse gas.

IC

- ICP

- DRC

- MS Ion chromatography

- inductively coupled plasma

- dynamic reaction cell

-

mass spectrometry.

ICP/MS Inductively coupled plasma

– mass spectrometry.

ICP/OES Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.

IGCC Integrated gasification combined cycle.

IM&E Impingement mortality and entrainment.

IPM Integrated Planning Mod el.

IQ Intelligence quotient.

IWGSCC Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon.

kVA Kilovoltampere.

kW Kilowatt.

MATS Mercury and Air Toxics Standards.

MCL Maximum contaminant level.

MCLG Maximum contaminant level goal.

MDL Method d etection l imit

. MDS Mechanical drag system.

ML Minimum level.

MQC Minimum quantifiable concentration.

MW Megawatt.

NAICS North American Industry Classification System.Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

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### NCMCW Nonchemical m etal c leaning w aste.

ND Nondectect.

NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

NGCC Natural gas combined cycle.

NODA Notice of Data Availability.

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.

NRD Natural r esource d amages.

NRMRL National Risk Management Research Laboratory.

NSPS New Source Performance Standards.

O&M Operation and maintenance.

OAR Office of Air and Radiation.

ORCR Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery.

ORP Oxidation reduction potential.

OW Office of Water.

PISCES Plant Integrated Systems: Chemical Emissions Studies.

PM Particulate matter.

POC Pollutant of concern.

POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works.

PRB Powder River Basin.

PSES Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources.

PSNS Pretreatment Standards for New Sources.

QL Quantitation limit.

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.

RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act.

Rfd Reference dose.

RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.

RIA Regulatory impact analysis.

S.U. Standard units.

SBA Small Business Administration.

SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act.

SBRs Sequencing batch reactors.

SCC Social cost of carbon.Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category:

EPA’s Response to Public Comments

1

- 14 

### SCR Selective catalytic reduction.

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act.

SERC Southeastern Electric Re liability Co rporation

. SISNOSE Significant Economic Impact on a Substantial Number of Small Entities.

SNCR Selective noncatalytic reduction.

T&E Threatened and endangered species.

TBEL Technology b ased e ffluent l imit.

TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.

TDD Technical Development Document.

TDS Total dissolved solids.

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load.

TSS Total suspended solids.

TWF Toxic weighting factor.

TWPE Toxic weighted pounds equivalent.

UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

VCE Vapor compression evaporation.

VSL Value of a statistical life.

WQBEL Water q uality based ef fluent l imit

. WQI Water q uality i ndex

. WTP Willingness to pay.

ZLD Zero l iquid d ischarge

.