United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Changes in North Carolina’s

Industrial Roundwood Products

output, 1987-1990

Southeastern Forest

Experiment Station

Resource Bulletin

SE-l 32

Edgar L. Davenport
The Author

Edgar L. Davenport is a Resource

Technician, Forest Inventory and

Analysis, Southeastern Forest

Experiment Station, Asheville, NC.

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, is dedicated

to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s

forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage,

wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation

with the States and private forest owners, and management of

the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives-as

directed by Congress-to provide increasingly greater service

to a growing Nation.

USDA policy prohibiis discrimination because of race, color,

national origin, sex, age, religion, or handicapping condition.

Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated

against in any USDA-related activity should immediately contact

the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250.

August 1992

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station

P.O. Box 2880

Asheville, North Carolina 28802
Foreword

This report presents the findings of a 1990 canvass of

all primary wood-using plants in North Carolina and

complements Forest Inventory and Analysis’ periodic

inventory of volume and removals from southeastern

timberland. The canvass was made to determine

the amount and source of wood receipts and annual

timber product drain by county for a specific year. In

addition, interstat.e and cross-regional movement of

industrial roundwood are determined. Only primary

wood-using mills are canvassed. Primary mills are

those that process roundwood in log or bolt form

or as chipped roundwood. Examples of industrial

roundwood products are saw logs, pulpwood, veneer

logs, poles, and logs used for composite panel

products (oriented strand board or waferboa.rd)

or reconstituted lumber products (parallel strand

lumber, laminated veneer lumber, particleboard).

Mills producing products from residues genera.ted

at primary processors and secondary processors

are not canvassed. Trees chipped in the woods are

not included in the estima.te of timber dra.in unless

delivered to a primary domestic manufacturer.

A loo-percent canvass of all primary wood-processors

in North Carolina was conducted in 1991. Outof-State mills known to be using logs or bolts

harvested from North Carolina timberland were

also contacted. Each mill wa.s canvassed by mail

or through personal contact at plant locations.

Telephone contact was made as a followup to mailed

questionnaire responses when additional information

or clarification of response was necessary. In the

event of a nonresponse, receipt data collected in

previous surveys were updated based on current data

collected for mills of similar size, product type, and

location.

Pulpwood production data are taken from an annual

canvass of all eastern pulpmills. Medium density

fiberboard, insulating board, and hardboard plants

are included in this survey. The pulpwood production

survey is conducted annually in coopera.tion with the

American Pulpwood Association. Previous surveys

for other timber products have been conducted

approximately every 3 years since 1964. This Bulletin

reports the findings of the 1990 primary wood users

canvass and pulpwood production study in North

Carolina, and presents changes in product output and

residue use since 1987.

These studies are a cooperative project involving

the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station and the

North Carolina Department of Environment, Health,

and Natural Resources, Division of Forest Resources.

The Southeastern Station gratefully acknowledges the

cooperation and assistance provided by the North

Carolina Division of Forest Resources in collecting

mill data. Appreciation is also expressed to forest

industry and mill managers for providing timber

products information. The information presented in

this report is based on responses from over 99 percent

of mills operating in 1990. These mills accounted for

nearly 100 percent of the 1990 mill receipts. Eight

pulpmills, 32 veneer mills, 13 mills manufacturing

other industrial products, 5 composite panel mills,

and 305 of the 308 sawmills in operation in 1990

provided current mill data.

Output of Industrial Roundwood

Products

Output of industrial roundwood products in 1990

was over 764 million cubic feet, up by 2 percent or

17 million cubic feet from 1987 (table 1). Output of

softwood roundwood products increased 4 percent to

over 491 million cubic feet, while that of hardwood

roundwood products decreased slightly to nea.rly

273 million cubic feet. Softwood roundwood products

accounted for 64 percent of the State’s total output

of roundwood timber products, 1 percent more than

in 1987.

Pulpwood and saw logs were the principal roundwood

products in 1990. Combined output of these two

products tot.aled more than 657 inillion cubic feet,

and accounted for 86 percent of the St,a.te’s tota.l

roundwood out#put.

saw Logs

Saw-log production dropped 1 percent between 1987

and 1990 to nearly 327 million cubic feet,. Still, output of saw logs accounts for nearly 43 percent of the

State’s total roundwood products output in 1990

(table 1). Output of 1 . I~I wood saw logs decreased by ,d

more than 10 percent to 103 million cubic feet,, whih:

that of softwood saw logs increased nearly 4 percent

to 223 million cubic feet. Softwood species accounts

for 68 percent of the State’s saw-log production,

3 percent more than in 1987.

Veneer Logs

Since 1987, hardwood veneer output froiir roundwood

increased to 26 million cubic feet, or by 34 percent,

while softwood veneer production dccreascd by

10 percent to 44 million cubic feet (table 1). Softwoods st,ill account for nearly 63 percent of the vcnecr

production. Veneer accounted for 9 percent of the

State’s output of roundwood timber product,s, about

the same as in 1987.

Pulpwood

Output of roundwood pulpwood increased 3 percent

to nearly 331 million cubic feet. in 1990 (kble 1).

Both softwood and hardwood output, increased, but

softwood output increased most-nearly 5 percent

to almost 204 million cubic feet, nearly 62 percent

of pulpwood production. Total pulpwood output

accounted for 43 percent of the State’s total output

of roundwood timber products, about the same as

in 1987.

Composite Panels

Several composite panel mills have come on line in

the Southeast in recent years and have utilized a

growing proportion of the roundwood timber volume.

Prior to 1990, roundwood utilized in composite panels

was reported in our publications as other industrial.

In 1990, almost 35 million cubic feet of roundwood

was used in composite panels, almost 5 percent of the

State’s total output of roundwood timber products

(table 1). About 53 percent was softwood and 47 percent hardwood.

Other Industrial

Other industrial products include poles, posts, mulch,

excelsior, log homes, charcoal, and other reconstituted

wood products. In 1990, combined output of roundwood used for these products totaled 2 million cubic

feet (table 1). Valid comparisons in output of these

products in 1987 and 1990 are not possible because

the volume of composite panels was included in the

other industrial products category prior to 1990.

However, if the volume of composite panels was added

in 1990, other industrial would probably show an

increase ir1stea.d of the decline shown in table 1.

Number of Mills and Receipts

The number of sawmills operating in North Carolina

decreased from 362 in 1987 to 308 in 1990 (table 2).

Over the same period, receipts of saw logs dropped

by 5 percent to 327 million cubic feet (table 3).

IIardwood receipts accounted for the largest decline13 percent-and totaled 107 million cubic feet. Yellow

pine accounted for 64 percent of the total saw-log

receipts (table 4). Hard hardwoods made up the next

largest proportion, 20 percent of the receipts.

1
Since 1987, another veneer mill began production in

North Carolina, bringing the total t,o 32 (table 2).

Receipts of veneer logs totaled 79 million cubic feet

and exceeded production by nearly 13 percent, or

9 million cubic feet. Receipts of hardwood increased

almost 27 percent to nearly 32 million cubic feet,

while those of softwood dropped nearly 11 percent

(table 3). Still, softwood accounted for nearly

60 percent of the State’s total veneer-log receipt,s.

Yellow pines are still the species used most in the

manufacturing of veneer (table 4). In 1990, nea.rly

60 percent of the 79 million cubic feet used wa.s

yellow pine. Soft hardwoods (mostly gum and poplar)

accounted for nearly 36 percent, or 28 million cubic

feet, of the State’s t,otal receipts.

There were eight pulpmills operating within the State

during the period (ta.ble 2). Total receipt’s at, t,hese

pulpmills increased well over 6 percent. to 311 million

cubic feet (table 3). Softwood pulpwoocl accountctl for

the largest proportion of t.he increase.

In 1990, the State had five composit,e panel mills with

t.otal receipts of nearly 29 million cubic feet, (tables 2

and 3). Almost 16 million cubic feet of southern

yellow pine, and well over 10 million cubic feet of

soft hardwoods, mostly sweetgum, were used in the

manufacture of composite panels (ta.ble 4).

In 1990, the State had 13 other industrial mills.

These had receipts in excess of 2 million cubic feet,

(tables 2 and 3). Sout,h ern yellow pine account,ed for

98 percent of the volume used by these mills

(table 4).

Roundwood Movement

North Carolina is a net exporter of industrial

roundwood. In 1990, production of roundwood from

North Carolina timberlands totaled over 764 million

cubic feet, about 87 percent of which wa.s retained

for processing by mills within the State (table 5).

Exports of roundwood to mills outside North Carolina

totaled over 103 million cubic feet,, an increase of

nearly 5 percent since 1987. Imports from other

States amounted to 87 million cubic feet, a decrease

of 1 percent since 1987. Exports exceeded import,s by

10 million cubic feet in 1987 and by nearly 16 million

cubic feet in 1990. The volume of trees chipped in

the woods and delivered to chip facilities for export

overseas is not included in the estimate of roundwood

harvested or exported. Forest Inventory and Analysis

does not have the means to monitor this volume or to

differentiate at export fa,cilities between the volume

of chips generated at chip facilities and the volume

processed in the woods. Japan is very active in

capacity expansion and has increased demand for

hardwood chips used in high-grade specialty papers.

The volume of hardwood chips exported from the

Southern United States has grown in recent years,

from 25,000 tons in 1987 to more than 1 million tons

in 1990. Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese wood-fiber

companies are the primary purchasers.l

The State exported 6 percent of its saw-log production, nearly 20 million cubic feet, to mills in South

Carolina and Virginia, (tables 6 and 7). In return,

mills in Nort#h Carolina imported 6 percent, or

20 million cubic feet, of their receipts from Georgia,

Sout,h Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

North Carolina is a net importer of veneer logs. In

1990, almost 11 million cubic feet of veneer logs were

imported from Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia.

Other imports came from nine additional Eastern

States as far north as Maine. More than 3 million

cubic feet of veneer logs were exported to South

Carolina and Virginia (tables 6 and 8).

Imports of roundwood for composite panel products

account for well over 2 million cubic feet, or 9 percent, of receipts (table 6). Imports to composite panel

mills in Nort,h Ca.rolins came from Virginia and

Tennessee with the bulk, over 2 million cubic feet,

coming from Virginia (table 9). The State is a net

exporter of roundwood used for composite panels. In

1990, 8 million cubic feet, or 23 percent, of production,

was exported to mills in Virginia. IIardwood made up

58 percent of export volume. Production exceeded

receipts by 19 percent, or nearly 6 million cubic feet.

The State was a. net exporter of roundwood pulpwood

in 1990 (table 6). Production exceeded receipts by

nearly 20 million cubic feet, or 6 percent. Total

exports amounted to nearly 72 million cubic feet, or

22 percent of the production. Nearly 31 million cubic

feet of softwood pulpwood was exported to South

-

‘Colquitt, John. 1991. APA Technical Release

91-R-65. August.

2
Carolina. Other State’s receiving North Carolina’s

pulpwood were Tennessee and Virginia, with Virginia

receiving over 26 million cubic feet of hardwood

roundwood pulpwood. Imports totaled 52 million

cubic feet and accounted for nearly 17 percent of the

pulpwood mill receipts. Fifty-four percent, or 28 million cubic feet, of these pulpwood imports came from

South Carolina (table 10). Almost 12 million cubic

feet, or 23 percent, came from Virginia, and the

remainder was imported from Tennessee, Georgia,

Kentucky, and West Virginia.

The State exported 7 percent, or 154 thousand cubic

feet of roundwood used for other industrial products

to mills in Virginia (tables 6 and 11). Mills in North

Carolina, in return, imported about 6 percent, or

121 thousand cubic feet, of their receipts from

South Carolina.

Plant Byproducts

Mill residues from saw logs totaled 213 million cubic

feet in 1990 (table 12) and accounted for 72 percent

of the 295 million cubic feet of residues produced.

Most of the 102 million cubic feet of coarse residues

from saw logs were used in fiber products (table 13),

while most of the bark and sawdust was used for

industrial fuel. In 1990, most of the shavings from

lumber were used for other miscellaneous products

(bedding, landscaping, and other uses). In 1987,

more of the shavings were used for the manufacture

of particleboard. Less than 2 percent of the saw-log

residues went unused in 1990.

Mill residues of all types generated from veneer logs

amounted to over 41 million cubic feet in 1990

(table 12) and accounted for 14 percent of the

total residues produced. Nearly 43 percent of the

26 million cubic feet of coarse residues were cores

from veneer lathes sawn into landscape timbers and

framing studs (table 13). The slabs from these cores

and other coarse residues were chipped for use in fiber

products. Most of the nearly 16 million cubic feet of

sawdust and bark was used for industrial fuel. Less

than 1 percent of the veneer residues went unused.

Over 34 million cubic feet of bark was extracted from

roundwood pulpwood in 1990 (table 12). Most of this

bark was used as industrial fuel. Less than 1 percent

went unused.

For composite panel products, only bark is reported

as residue because the entire main stem (minus the

bark) is chipped and utilized. In 1990, bark residue

from panel manufacturing totaled well over 2 million

cubic feet and accounted for 3 percent of the bark

from all products (table 12). Most of this bark was

used for industrial fuel. Very little went unused.

Residues of all types generated by other industrial

mills totaled nearly 4 million cubic feet (table 12).

Bark accounted for 83 percent of the residues

generated. These residues were used primarily for

industrial fuel.

Regional Trends

Output of industrial roundwood products inc.reased

between 1987 and 1990 in the Northern Coastal Plain,

Piedmont, and Mountain regions, but declined in the

Southern Coastal Plain region (fig. 1). Hardwood

output declined in the Southern Coastal Pla.in and

Mountain regions. Softwood accounted for 60 percent

or more of industrial roundwood products in all regions except the Mountain region, where hardwood

accounted for 58 percent of the total output.

Changes in output by product varied by region.

Southern Coastal Plain

Output of pulpwood declined by 11 percent, or nearly

13 million cubic feet, in the 21-county Southern

Coastal Plain region between 1987 and 1990. Volume

of hardwood pulpwood declined by 14 percent, or

6 million cubic feet (table 14). Softwood pulpwood

accounted for over 30 percent of total output, of all

timber products in 1987 but for only 29 percent in

1990. Total pulpwood production accounted for

104 million cubic feet, or 46 percent, of the region’s

total output of all industrial roundwood products in

1990, 4 percent less than in 1987. Production of saw

logs rose almost 3 percent to nearly 78 million cubic

feet in spite of the 21-percent decrease in production

of hardwood saw logs. Output of hardwood saw logs

dropped well over 3 million cubic feet, while that

of softwood saw logs increased nearly 9 percent to

nearly 65 million cubic feet. Total output of saw logs

accounted for 34 percent of the region’s total output

of industrial roundwood products. The Southern

Coastal Plain region produced 34 million cubic feet of

veneer logs, 49 percent of the State’s total. Hardwood

3
3\ ‘k----d I ..-; Im . . IpI
veneer output increased 67 percent, well over 3 million

cubic feet, while softwood output declined by nearly

11 percent. In 1990, the Southern Coastal Plain

region had 2 pulpmills, 32 sawmills, 9 veneer mills,

1 composite panel mill, and 5 other miscellaneous

mills. These mills produced 225 million cubic feet of

roundwood products. This production was 29 percent

of the State’s total. Only the Northern Coastal Plain

produced more.

Northern Coastal Plain

The 23-county Northern Coastal Plain produces

more pulpwood than does any other region of North

Carolina. The production of pulpwood increased here

by 6 percent, to 132 million cubic feet, 40 percent of

the State’s total pulpwood output (table 15). Output

of both softwood and hardwood pulpwood increased.

Softwoods accounted for 62 percent of 1990 production. Pulpwood accounted for nearly 52 percent of

the region’s total output of roundwood products.

Output of saw logs increased by 7 percent and totaled

nearly 93 million cubic feet. The Northern Coastal

Plain ranks second to the Piedmont in output of saw

logs, producing 28 percent of the total for the State.

Since 1987, output of softwood saw logs increased

by 11 percent to nearly 74 million cubic feet and

accounted for 79 percent of the regional total. Output of hardwood saw logs dropped by 5 percent to

19 million cubic feet. The Northern Coastal Plain is

second to the Southern Coastal Plain in output of

veneer. The region produced 32 percent of the State’s

veneer output in 1990. The output of hardwood

veneer increased 10 percent to nearly 8 million

cubic feet, while that of softwood veneer decreased

by 9 percent. Softwood species still accounted for

66 percent of the region’s veneer output. In 1990,

the Northern Coastal Plain region had 4 pulpmills,

45 sawmills, 6 veneer mills, and 1 composite panel

mill. These mills produced 256 million cubic feet of

roundwood products. The Northern Coastal Plain

region produced nearly 34 percent of the State’s

total output of industrial roundwood products,

more than any other survey unit.

Piedmont

The 35-county Piedmont region produces more

roundwood for saw logs than any other region in the

State. Production of both hardwood and softwood

saw logs dropped in 1990, but still amounted to

nearly 113 million cubic feet, or 34 percent of the

statewide total (table 16). Saw logs made up nearly

58 percent of the region’s total output of industrial

roundwood products. Softwoods made up 63 percent

of production of saw logs in 1987 and again in 1990.

Pulpwood production increased almost 7 percent to

nearly 56 million cubic feet in 1990. Production of

both softwood and hardwood pulpwood increased, but

softwoods still account for 61 percent of the pulpwood

output. Pulpwood output in the Piedmont region

accounted for only 17 percent of the State’s total

pulpwood production. Veneer-log output increased

17 percent to more than 9 million cubic feet, about

5 percent of the region’s total output. Output of

hardwood veneer increased 40 percent since 1987,

while that of softwood veneer declined. In 1990, the

Piedmont region had 130 sawmills, 12 veneer mills,

6 other miscellaneous mills, and 3 composite panel

mills. These mills produced well over 195 million

cubic feet of industrial roundwood products. The

Piedmont accounted for nearly 26 percent of the

State’s total output of industrial roundwood products.

Mountains

The output of pulpwood and veneer increased in the

21-county Mountain region, while that of saw logs

decreased (table 17). Output of both softwood and

hardwood saw logs was down in 1990. Total output

of saw logs was down by 17 percent to nearly

44 million cubic feet, but still amount.ed to nearly

50 percent of the region’s total output of roundwood

products. Hardwoods accounted for 69 percent of the

region’s output of saw logs in 1990. Pulpwood output

was well over 38 million cubic feet in 1990, almost

44 percent more than in 1987. Softwood pulpwood

output increased nearly 92 percent and accounted for

nearly 57 percent of the pulpwood production in

the region. Output of veneer logs increased nearly

36 percent to almost 4 million cubic feet in 1990.

Output of hardwood veneer increased nearly

25 percent and accounted for 92 percent of the

region’s veneer output. In 1990, the Mountain region

had 101 sawmills, 5 veneer mills, 2 pulpmills, and

2 other miscellaneous mills, and these mills produced

nearly 88 million cubic feet of roundwood products.

The Mountain region accounted for nearly 12 percent

of the State’s total output of roundwood products.

5
Definitions of Terms

Composite panels. Consists of structural

panels (oriented strand board or waferboard),

particleboard (industrial underlayment, thin

panelboard), and fiberboard (medium-density

fiberboard, insulation board).

Consumption. The quantity of a commodity,

such as pulpwood, utilized.

Drain. The volume of roundwood removed

from any geographic area where timber is

grown.

Exports. The volume of roundwood utilized

by mills outside the geographic area where

timber was cut.

Industrial roundwood products. Any

primary use of the main stem of a tree,

such as saw logs, poles, pilings, veneer logs,

pulpwood, posts, or cooperage logs.

Industrial timber products. All timber

products manufactured from either roundwood

or plant byproducts, except firewood.

Imports. The volume of roundwood delivered

to a mill or group of mills in a specific

geographic area but harvested from outside

that particular area.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in

the production of timber products at primary

manufacturing plants.

Suitable for chipping such as

slabs, edgings, trim, veneer cores, and ends.

Fine residues. Not suitable for chipping such

as sawdust, shavings, and veneer clippings.

Receipts. The quantity or volume of

industrial roundwood received at a mill or

by a group of mills in a geographic area,

regardless of the geographic source. Volume of

roundwood receipts is equal to the volume of

roundwood retained in a geographic location

plus roundwood imported from other locations.

Roundwood. Logs, bolts, or other round

sections cut from trees for industrial

manufacture or consumer use.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut

primarily for industrial manufacture, delivered

to non-pulpmills, chipped, and then sold to

pulpmills for use as fiber. Includes tops, jump

sections, and whole trees.

Roundwood product drain. That portion

of total drain used for a product.

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards

of diameter, length, and defect, including

logs at least 8 feet long, sound and straight,

and with a minimum diameter inside bark

of 6 inches for softwoods and 8 inches for

hardwoods.

Timber products output. Roundwood

production in an area’s forests (equals

roundwood product drain).

Timber removals. The merchantable volume

of trees removed from the timberland inventory

by harvesting, cultural operations such as

stand improvement, land clearing, or changes

in land use.

Veneer log. Logs to be used in the

production of plywood, finished panels, or

veneer sheets, both rotary cut and sliced.

Primary wood-using plants. Industries that

receive roundwood or chips from roundwood

for the manufacture of products such as

veneer, pulp, and lumber.

6
Conversion Factor@

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Composite panels

Softwood

Hardwood

Pulpwoodb

Softwood

Hardwood

0.17095 cubic foot = 1 board foot

5.85 board feet = 1 cubic foot

0.16890 cubic foot = 1 board foot

5.92 board feet = 1 cubic foot

0.16591 cubic foot = 1 board foot

6.03 board feet = 1 cubic foot

0.16547 cubic foot = 1 board foot

6.04 board feet = 1 cubic foot

0.17095 cubic feet = 1 board foot

5.85 board feet = 1 cubic foot

0.16890 cubic feet = 1 board foot

5.92 board feet = 1 cubic foot

76.7 cubic feet/cord

76.4 cubic feet/cord

%onversion factors vary with stem size (d.b.h.) and species. The factors

shown are for trees of average diameters removed in North Carolina during

the latest survey period.

bCubic feet of solid wood per cord.

7
Tables

Table 1--Roundwood timber products output, by product and species

group, North Carolina, 1987 and 1990

Product

and

species group

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Year

1987 1990

Thousand cubic feet

215,719 223,254

115,382 103,440

Change

Percent

+3.5

-10.3

Total 331,101 326,694 -1.3

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Composite panel.sb

Softwood

Hardwood

48,892 44,100 -9.8

19,402 26,038 +34.2

68,294 70,138 +2.7

194,421 203,651 +4.7

126,115 127,084 +.8

320,536 330,735 +3.2

NA 18,159 NA

NA 16,362 NA

Total N A 34,521 NA

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

13,456 2,047 -84.8

13,728 37 -99.7

Total 27,184 2,084 -92.3

All industrial

softwood

Hardwood

Total

NA = Not applic:able.

472,488 491,211 +4.0

274,627 272,961 -.6

747,115 764,172 +2.3

aIncludes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (22,683,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

11,760,OOO cubi.c feet in 1990).

bVolume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

8
Table 2--Number of primary wood-using plants, by industry,

North Carolina, 1987 and 1990

Industry

Year

Change

1987 1990

Number Percent

Sawmills 362 308 -14.9

Veneer mills 31 3 2 +3.2

Pulpmills

Composite-panel millsa

Other

8 8 0

NA 5 NA

2 1 13 -38.1

All plants 422 366 -13.3

NA = Not applicable.

aMills included with other prior to 1990.
Table 3--Roundwood receipts, by product and species group,

North Carolina, 1987 and 1990

Product

and

species group

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Year

1987 1990

Thousand cubic feet

221,853 219,862

123,101 107,206

Change

Percent

-0.9

-12.9

Total 344,954 327,068 -5.2

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

53,090 47,406 -10.7

24,950 31,654 +26.9

78,040 79,060 +1.3

183,529 203,630 +ll.O

108,598 107,469 -1.0

Total 292,127 311,099 +6.5

Composite panelsb

Softwood

Hardwood

NA 15,926 NA

NA 13,017 NA

Total NA 28,943 NA

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

10,594 2,014 -81.0

11,377 37 -99.7

Total 21,971 2,051 -90.7

All industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

469,066 488,838 +4.2

268,026 259,383 -3.2

Total 737,092 748,221 +1.5

-

NA = Not applicable.

a

Includes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (25,406,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

12,949,OOO cubic feet in 1990).

b

Volume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

10
Table 4--Roundwood receipts by species and type of mill, North Carolina, 1990

Type of mill

Species All

mills Sawmills Veneer mills

OSB and

panels Pulpmillsa Other mills

Thousand cubic feet

Softwood

Yellow pine

Other softwood

Unclassified

274,573 209,527 47,228 15,804 NA 2,014

10,635 10,335 178 122 NA 0

203,630 0 0 0 203,630 0

Total softwoods 488,838 219,862 47,406 15,926 203,630 2,014

Hardwood

Soft hardwoods

Hard hardwoods

Unclassified

78,995 40,425 28,116 10,454 NA 0

72,919 66,781 3,538 2,563 NA 3 7

107,469 0 0 0 107,469 0

Total hardwoods 259,383 107,206 31,654 13,017 107,469 37

All species 748,221 327,068 79,060

NA = Not applicable.

aOnly collected by softwood and hardwood and includes roundwood chipped.

28,943 311,099 2,051
Table S--Industrial roundwood movement, by year and species group, North Carolina,

1987 and 1990

Year Product.ion Exports Retained Imports Receipts

1987 472,488 61,359 411,129 57,937 469,066

1990 491,211 61,249 429,962 58,876 488,838

Thousand cubic feet

SOFTWOOD

HARDWOOD

1987 274,627 36,872 237,755 30,271 268,026

1990 272,961 41,825 231,136 28,247 259,383

ALL SPECIES

1987 747,1.15 98,231 648,884 88,208 737,092

1990 764,1.72 103,074 661,098 87,123 748,221

12
Table 6--Industrial roundwood movement by product and species group, North Carolina, 1990

Product and

species group Production Exports Retained Imports Receipts

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

223,254 15,705 207,549 12,313 219,862

103,440 4,077 99,363 7,843 107,206

Total 326,694 19,782 306,912 20,156 327,068

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Composite panels

Softwood

Hardwood

Total 34,521 8,076 26,445 2,498 28,943

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

44,100 2,882 41,218 6,188 47,406

26,038 549 25,489 6,165 31,654

70,138 3,431 66,707 12,353 79,060

203,651 39,105 164,546 39,084 203,630

127,084 32,526 94,558 12,911 107,469

330,735 71,631 259,104 51,995 311,099

18,159 3,403 14,756 1,170 15,926

16,362 4,673 11,689 1,328 13,017

2,047 154 1,893 121 2,014

37 0 37 0 37

Total 2,084 154 1,930 121 2,051

All products

Softwood 491,221 61,249 429,962 58,876 488,838

Hardwood 272,961 41,825 231,136 28,247 259,383

Total 764,172 103,074 661,098 87,123 748,221

aIncludes roundwood chipped.
Table 'I--Saw log volume by destination, source, and species group,

North Carolina, 1990

Destination

and source

Species group

All

species Softwood Hardwood

North Carolina (retained) 306,912 207,549 99,363

Exports to:

South Carolina 9,232 7,820 1,412

Virginia 10,550 7,885 2,665

Imports from:

Georgia 851 212 639

South Carolina 6,755 5,216 1,539

Tennessee 909 128 781

Virginia 11,641 6,757 4,884

Thousand cubic feet

Table 8--Veneer volume by destination, source, and species group,

North Carolina, 1990

Destination

and source

Species group

All

species Softwood Hardwood

North Carolina (retained) 66,707 41,218 25,489

Exports to:

South Carolina 357 102 255

Virginia 3,074 2,780 294

Imports from:

Georgia 109 0 109

Kentucky 7 2 0 7 2

Maine 2 3 0 2 3

Maryland 296 0 296

New York 2 3 0 2 3

Ohio 11 0 11

Pennsylvania 9 5 0 9 5

South Carolina 7,030 6,125 905

Tennessee 916 0 916

Vermont 2 3 0 2 3

Virginia 3,475 6 3 3,412

West Virginia 280 0 280

Thousand cubic feet

1 4
Table 9--Composite panel volume by destination, source, and species

group, North Carolina, 1990

Destination

and source

Species group

All

species Softwood Hardwood

Thousand cubic feet

North Carolina (retained) 26,445 14,756 11,689

Exports to:

Virginia 8,076 3,403 4,673

Imports from:

Tennessee 101 101 0

Virginia 2,397 1,069 1,328

Table lo--Pulpwooda volume by destination, source, and species group,

North Carolina, 1990

Destination

and source

Species group

All

species Softwood Hardwood

Thousand cubic feet

North Carolina (retained) 259,104 164,546 94,558

Exports to:

South Carolina 37,026 30,853 6,173

Tennessee 1,819 1,819 0

Virginia 32,786 6,433 26,353

Imports from:

Georgia 7,627 5,431 2,196

Kentucky 9 0 9

South Carolina 28,009 22,408 5,601

Tennessee 4,537 1,434 3,103

Virginia 11,804 9,811 1,993

West Virginia 9 0 9

aIncludes roundwood chipped.

15
Table 11--Other industriala volume by destination, source, and species

group, North Carolina, 1990

Destination

and source

Species group

All

species Softwood Hardwood

Thousand cubic feet

North Carolina (retained) 1,930 1,893 3 7

Exports to:

Virginia 154 154 0

Imports from:

South Carolina 121 121 0

aIncludes poles, posts, mulch, firewood, log homes, charcoal, and all

other industrial mills.

16
Table 12--Primary mill residue volume by roundwood type, species group, and residue type, North Carolina,

1990

Roundwood type

and

species group All

types

Bark

Residue type

Coarse Sawdmt Shavings

Thousand cubic feet

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

147,720 16,447 69,491 43,498 18,284

65,535 10,911 32,036 21,528 1,060

Total 213,255 27,358 101,527 65,026 19,344

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

28,537 3,623 18,912 6,002 0

12,821 3,264 6,861 2,696 0

Total 41,358 25,773 8,698

Pulpwood

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

21,042 21,042 0 0 0

13,292 13,292 0 0 0

34,334 34,334 0 0 0

Composite panels

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Other industriala

Softwood

Hardwood

1,190 1,190 0 0 0

1,321 1,321 0 0 0

2,511 2,511 0 0 0

3,821 3,172 649 0 0

2 1 5 1 1 5 0

Total 3,842 3,177 660 5 0

Total

Softwood 202,310 45,474 89,052 49,500 18,284

Hardwood 92,990 28,793 38,908 24,229 1,060

Total 295,300 74,267 127,960 73,729 19,344

a

Includes poles, pilings, posts, and other industrial products.
Table 13--Disposal of residue at primary wood-using plants, by product, species group, and type of residue, North Carolina,

1987 and 1990

Product and

species group

All

types Bark C0arse Sawdust Shavings

1987 1990 1987 1990 1987 1990 1987 1990 1987 1990

Fiber products

Softwood

Hardwood

83,554 72,509 0 0 78,170 72,484 2,141 2 5

28,909 24,954

3,243 0

1 3 0 28,601 24.890 158 6 4 137 0

Total 112,463 97,463 13 0 106,?71 97,374 2,299 8 9 3,380 0

Particleboard

Softwood

Hardwood

12,027 10,114 0 0 4,583 1,175 1,988 5,078

8,124

5,456

4,719

3,861

2 3 0 6,967 3,106 1,025 1,304 109 309

Total 20,151 14,833 2 3 0 11,550 4,281 3,013 6,382 5,565 4,170

Strand or wafer boarda

Softwood

Hardwood

NA 582 NA 0 N A 582 NA 0 NA 0

NA 744 NA 0 NA 744 NA 0 N A 0

Total N A 1,326 NA 0 NA 1,326 NA 0 NA 0

Sawn products

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

9,877 8,100 0 0 9,877 8,100 0 0 0 0

369 2,949 0 0 369 2,949 0 0 0 0

10,246 11,049 0 0 10,246 11,049 0 0 0 0

Fuel

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

80,678 79,363 29,767 34,832 3,375 5,757 43,735 33,469 3,801

52,778 49,158

5,305

22,673 23,307 8,133 6,415 21,492 18,919 480 517

133,456 128,521 52,440 58,139 11,508 12,172 65,227 52,388 4,281 5,822

Miscellaneous

Softwood

Hardwood

23,618 28,727 11,732 9,277 443 7,256 9,957 4,187

10,610 8,040

9,117

5,608 4,476 232 142 4,090 3,188 680 234

Total 34,228 36,767 17,340 13,753 675 518 11,346 13,145 4,867 9,351

Not used

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

3,843 2,915 1,499 1,365 930 578 1,346 971 6 8 1

3,316 2,426 1,420 1,010 681 662 1,180 754 3 5 0

7,159 5,341 2,919 2,375 1,611 1,240 2,526 1,725 103 1

All products

Softwood

Hardwood

213,597 202,310 42,998 45,474 97,318 89,052 56,466

104,106

49,500 16,755

92,990 29,731 28,793

18,284

44,983 38,908 27,945 24,229 1,441 1,060

Total 317,703 295,300 72,735 74,267 142,361 127,960 84,411 73,729 18,196 19,344

NA = Not applicable.

aVolume included with miscellaneous prior to 1990.

Thousand cubic feet
Table 14--Output of industrial roundwood products, by product and

species group, Southern Coastal Plain of North Carolina, 1987 and

1990

Product Year

and Change

species group 1987 1990

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Thousand cubic feet

59,490 64,756

16,187 12,784

Percent

+8.9

-21.0

Total 75,677 77,540 +2.5

Veneer logs

Softwoocl

Hardwood

28,922 25,836 -10.7

5,070 8,473 +67.1

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

33,992 34,309 +.9

71,839 65,370 -9.0

45,306 38,889 -14.2

Total

Composite panelsb

Softwood

Hardwood

117,145 104,259 -11.0

NA 5,202 NA

NA 2,162 NA

Total NA 7,364 NA

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

4,635 1,531 -67.0

4,098 0 -100.0

Total 8,733 1,531 -82.5

All industrial

Softwood 164,886 162,695 -1.3

Hardwood 70,661 62,308 -11.8

Total 235,547 225,003 -4.5

NA = Not applicable.

a

Includes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (7,044,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

4,987,OOO cubic feet in 1990).

b

Volume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

19 I
Table 15--Output of industrial roundwood products, by product and

species group, Northern Coastal Plain of North Carolina, 1987 and

1990

Product

and

species group

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Year

1987 1990

Thousand cubic feet

66,342 73,612

20,409 19,342

86,751 92,954

Change

Percent

+ll.O

-5.2

+7.2

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

16,631 15,064 -9.4

6,884 7,590 +10.3

Total 23,515 22,654 -3.7

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

78,476 82,309 +4.9

45,927 50,017 +8.9

Total

Composite panelsb

Softwood

Hardwood

124,403 132,326 +6.4

NA 2,883 NA

NA 5,081 NA

Total NA 7,964 NA

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

3,137 115 -96.3

4,315 0 -100.0

Total 7,452 115 -98.5

All industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

164,586 173,983 +5.7

77,535 82,030 +5.8

-

Total 242,121 256,013 +5.7

NA = Not applicable.

a

Includes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (7,181,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

2,965,OOO cubic feet in 1990).

b

Volume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

20
Table 16--Output of industrial roundwood products, by product and

species group, Piedmont of North Carolina, 1987 and 1990

Product Year

and Change

species group 1987 1990

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Composite panelsb

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

All industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Thousand cubic feet Percent

73,078 71,416 -2.3

42,990 41,148 -4.3

116,068 112,564 -3.0

3,339 2,872 -14.0

4,526 6,338 +40.0

7,865 9,210 +17.1

32,753 34,184 +4.4

19,470 21,519 +10.5

52,223 55,703 +6.7

NA 8,726 NA

NA 8,584 NA

NA 17,310 NA

5,174 382 -92.6

4,794 3 2 -99.3

9,968 414 -95.8

114,344 117,580 +2.8

71,780 77,621 +8.1

186,124 195,201 +4.9

NA = Not applicable.

aIncludes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (6,694,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

3,441,OOO cubic feet in 1990).

b

Volume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

2 1
Table 17--Output of industrial roundwood products, by product and

species group, Mountains of North Carolina, 1987 and 1990

Product Year

and Change

species group 1987 1990

Saw logs

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Thousand cubic feet

16,809 13,470

35,796 30,166

52,605 43,636

Percent

-19.9

-15.7

-17.1

Veneer logs

Softwood

Hardwood

0 328 +lOO.O

2,922 3,637 +24.5

Total

Pulpwooda

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

Composite panelsb

Softwood

Hardwood

2,922 3,965 i35.7

11,353 21,788 +91.9

15,412 16,659 +8.1

26,765 38,447 +43.6

NA 1,348 NA

NA 535 NA

Total NA 1,883 NA

Other industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

510 19 -96.3

521 5 -99.0

Total 1,031 24 -97.7

All industrial

Softwood

Hardwood

Total

NA = Not applicable.

28,672 36,953 +28.9

54,651 51,002 -6.7

83,323 87,955 +5.6

aIncludes roundwood that was delivered to non-pulpmills and then

chipped and sold to pulpmills (1,764,OOO cubic feet in 1987 and

367,000 cubic feet in 1990).

b

Volume included with other industrial prior to 1990.

22
r

------------------- -__-_----_ ----------------------------- I 1

I

Davenport, Edgar L. 1992. Changes in North Carolina’s industrial roundwood IDavenport, Edgar L. 1992. Changes in North Carolina’s industrial roundwood i

products output, 1987-1990. Resour. Bull. SE132. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department products output, 1987-1990. Resour. Bull. SE-132. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department 1

I of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 22 PP. I of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 22 pp. I

Over 764 million cubic feet of industrial roundwood products were harvested from

I

North Carolina’s forests during 1990, approximately 17 million cubic feet more than

I

in 1987. Pulpwood accounted for 43 percent and saw logs 43 percent of the total

roundwood production. Output of byproducts dropped from nearly 318 million

cubic feet in 1987 to 295 million cubic feet in 1’990. A little over 5 million cubic

/

feet of residues, nearly 2 percent of the total produced, were not used. A total of

366 primary wood-using plants operated in the State during 1990. Mill receipts of

more than 748 million cubic feet were 2 percent less than the State’s production.

!

The State was a net exporter of industrial roundwood.

Over 764 million cubic feet of industrial roundwood products were harvested from

North Carolina’s forests during 1990, approximately 17 million cubic feet more than I

in 1987. Pulpwood accounted for 43 percent and saw logs 43 percent of the total

roundwood production. Output of byproducts dropped from nearly 318 million I

cubic feet in 1987 to 295 million cubic feet in 1990. A little over 5 million cubic

feet of residues, nearly 2 percent of the total produced, were not used. A total of

366 primary wood-using plants operated in the State during 1990. Mill receipts of

I

more than 748 million cubic feet were 2 percent less than the State’s production.

The State was a net exporter of industrial roundwood. I

I

I KEYWORDS: Saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, mill residues. i KEYWORDS: Saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, mill residues.

I I

I I I

l------------------------------ L ---------------------------- -I
lain

Southeastern Forest

Experiment Station

Established 1921

The Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, headquartered in Asheville, North

Carolina, is one of the eight regional Experiment Stations, and the Forest Products

Laboratory, that make up the Forest Service research organization.

RESEARCH MISSION:

To acquire the knowledge, develop the technology, and disseminate the research

findings required to manage the Southeast’s forest resources in ways that satisfy

demands of goods and services while maintaining a quality environment.

RESEARCH LOCATIONS: EXPERIMENTAL FORESTS:

Blacksburg, VA

Research Triangle Park, NC

Franklin, NC

Clemson, SC

Charleston, SC

Athens, GA

Macon, GA

Olustee/Gainesville, FL

Chipola, Marianna, FL

Holt Walton, Vienna, GA

Cowetta, Otto, NC

Bent Creek, Asheville, NC

Santee, Moncks Corner, SC

Scull Shoals, Athens, GA

Hitchiti, Juliette, GA

Olustee, Olustee, FL