Third District Court of Appeal 

State of Florida 

Opinion filed February 6, 2019. 

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing. 

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No. 3D17-2676 

Lower Tribunal No. 14-21488 

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Nelson Alvarez-Reyes, 

Appellant, 

vs. 

Idia Fernandez-Gil, 

Appellee. 

 An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Valerie R. Manno 

Schurr, Judge. 

 Law Offices of Kenneth M. Kaplan and Kenneth M. Kaplan, for appellant. 

 Nancy A. Hass, P.A., and Nancy A. Hass (Fort Lauderdale), for appellee. 

Before EMAS, C.J., and SALTER and FERNANDEZ, JJ. 

 PER CURIAM. 
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 Nelson Alvarez-Reyes appeals a final judgment of dissolution of his marriage 

to Idia Fernandez-Gil. We affirm. 

The record contains competent substantial evidence to support the trial court’s 

determinations regarding Alvarez-Reyes’ voluntary underemployment and 

imputation of income. See Cochran v. Cochran, 819 So. 2d 863, 864 (Fla. 3d DCA 

2002) (holding: “It is well settled that a trial court, who has made a finding that a 

party is voluntarily unemployed or underemployed, may properly impute income to 

that party based upon that party’s demonstrated earning capacity”) (quoting Arouza 

v. Arouza, 670 So. 2d 69, 71 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)); Gillette v. Gillette, 226 So. 3d 

958, 961 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017) (describing the two-step process: “First, the court 

must conclude the termination of income was voluntary. Second, ‘the court must 

determine whether the subsequent unemployment resulted from the spouse’s pursuit 

of his own interests or through less than diligent and bona fide efforts to find 

employment paying income at a level equal to or better than that formerly 

received’”) (internal citations omitted); Manfre v. Manfre, 189 So. 3d 197, 201 (Fla. 

4th DCA 2016); Smith v. Smith, 737 So. 2d 641, 644 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999) (noting: 

“A trial court can impute income where a spouse has failed to use his or her best 

efforts to earn income” and “we shall not disturb any [such] ruling that is supported 

by the evidence and satisfies the general test of reasonableness”). See also Mata v. 

Mata, 185 So. 3d 1271, 1272-73 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016) (noting: “The Florida Supreme 
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Court and other district courts have suggested that a presumption arises from a 

spouse’s historical earnings that supports a finding the spouse can continue to earn 

the same amount, absent evidence to the contrary”) (internal citations omitted); 

Maddux v. Maddux, 495 So. 2d 863, 864 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986) (holding: “Where a 

former husband has an ability to earn if he so desires, the trial judge may impute an 

income to the husband according to what he could earn by the use of his best efforts 

to gain employment equal to his capabilities, and on that basis enter an award of 

alimony as if the husband were in fact earning the income so imputed). 

We likewise affirm the trial court’s award of permanent periodic alimony to 

Fernandez-Gil, which we review for an abuse of discretion. Canakaris v. Canakaris, 

382 So. 2d 1197, 1201 (Fla. 1980) (holding: “Permanent periodic alimony is used to 

provide the needs and the necessities of life to a former spouse as they have been 

established by the marriage of the parties. The two primary elements to be 

considered when determining permanent periodic alimony are the needs of one 

spouse for the funds and the ability of the other spouse to provide the necessary 

funds.”) The final judgment evidences that the trial court thoughtfully considered 

and addressed each of the statutory factors enumerated in section 61.08(2)(a)-(j), 

Florida Statutes (2017), weighed Fernandez-Gil’s need and Alvarez-Reyes’ ability 
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to pay, and articulated the bases for its determinations. We find no abuse of 

discretion.1

Affirmed. 

 

 

1

 We find no merit in the other issues raised on appeal and affirm without further 

discussion.