Inter-American

Foundation 

Fiscal Year 2004

Grants Results

Report
Cover page photo by Rony Corvera: PU-497CIPS - Helen Melchor is the daughter of Omar Cristóbal

Melchor, a community leader and producer of artichokes in San Ignacio, department of La Libertad. 
Inter-American Foundation 

Fiscal Year 2004

Grants Results Report

INTRODUCTION

About the IAF......................................................................................................................................... 9 

Performance Summary and Highlights.................................................................................................. 9 

The Methodology................................................................................................................................... 10

PART I: GRANTS RESULTS IN FY 2004

Tangible Results at the Beneficiary Level............................................................................................. 12

Creating jobs

Providing training

Improving health

Building houses

Tangible Results at the Grantee Organization Level............................................................................. 16

Mobilizing/brokering resources

Partnering as a strategy

Providing microcredit

Sharing information with stakeholders

Disseminating methodology, techniques and results

Intangible Results at the Beneficiary Level........................................................................................... 21

Communication

Problem-solving

Self-esteem

Cultural identity

Grantee and beneficiay innovation and/or adaptability

PART II: PROFILES OF GRANTS ENDING IN FY 2004

Argentina

Addressing educational challenges through institutional strengthening............................................... 25

Bolivia

Promoting community development....................................................................................................... 27

Brazil

Building community participation in Valle del Acero............................................................................ 29

Dominican Republic

Undertaking environmental initiatives................................................................................................... 31

Ecuador

Expanding the market for small-scale producers................................................................................... 33

Guatemala

Fostering rural development.................................................................................................................. 35

Honduras

Improving conservation in the Cayos Cochinos Biological Reserve..................................................... 37

Mexico

Strengthening the role of women in business in the indigenous communities of the Sierra 

Norte of Puebla....................................................................................................................................... 39

Nicaragua

Helping rural communities recover from natural disaster.................................................................... 41

Peru

Supporting Agricultural Production in Jicamarca................................................................................. 43

Venezuela

Supporting Youth Employment Initiatives.............................................................................................. 45
List of Tables

Table 1: Permanent and seasonal full- and part-time positions created

Table 2: Beneficiaries acquiring new knowledge and skills

Table 3: Beneficiaries of health-related activities

Table 4: New and renovated housing units

Table 5: Resources mobilized by international or domestic source

Table 6: Resources mobilized in cash and in kind by source

Table 7: Resources brokered in cash and in kind by source

Table 8: Partnerships to date

Table 9: Loans by category, number and average amount

Table 10: Beneficiaries improving their capacity to communicate clearly

Table 11: Beneficiaries improving their capacity to resolve problems

Table 12: Beneficiaries with greater appreciation of their cultural heritage

List of Figures

Figure 1: Quality of beneficiary living conditions due to grant activities

Figure 2: Resources mobilized by source and fiscal year

Figure 3: IAF grantee’s partner distribution

Appendix: Additional Selected Tables

A1: FY 2004 new and supplemental grants by program area

A2: New grants awarded in FY 2004

B: FY 2004 new and supplemental RedEAmérica cooperative agreements

C1: Beneficiaries reporting better living conditions* 

C2: Beneficiaries with dietary improvements *

C3: Beneficiaries receiving medical attention *

C4a: Beneficiaries acquiring agricultural skills *

C4b: Beneficiaries applying agricultural skills *

C5a: Beneficiaries acquiring manufacturing skills *

C5b: Beneficiaries applying manufacturing skills *

C6a: Beneficiaries acquiring construction skills *

C6b: Beneficiaries applying construction skills *

C7a: Beneficiaries acquiring environmental skills *

C7b: Beneficiaries applying environmental skills *

C8a: Beneficiaries acquiring planning and administration skills *

C8b: Beneficiaries applying planning and administration skills *

C9a: Beneficiaries acquiring marketing skills *

C9b: Beneficiaries applying marketing skills *

C10a: Beneficiaries acquiring leadership skills *

C10b: Beneficiaries applying leadership skills *

C11a: Beneficiaries acquiring civic participation skills *

C11b: Beneficiaries applying civic participation skills *

C12a: Beneficiaries acquiring legal system skills *

C12b: Beneficiaries applying legal system skills *

C13a: Beneficiaries acquiring finance skills *
Quebrada Azul (VZ-189): Jose Rondón Arismendi tending his

cows. The purchase of the animals was made possible by a

loan from the IAF grantee 

ALUMIFENIX (VZ-192): Molding an aluminum pot at

the Maracay plant of Alumifenix.

Miguel Cuevas

Miguel Cuevas

C13b: Beneficiaries applying finance skills *

C14a: Beneficiaries acquiring political system skills *

C14b: Beneficiaries applying political system skills *

C15a: Beneficiaries acquiring health skills *

C15b: Beneficiaries applying health skills *

C16: Beneficiaries acquiring skills in prevention of domestic violence, sexual abuse and drug use 

C17a: Resources mobilized from international sources

C17b: Resources brokered from international sources

C18a: Resources mobilized from domestic sources

C18b: Resources brokered from domestic sources

C19a: Resources mobilized from local sources

C19b: Resources brokered from local sources

C20: Dissemination activities by type and country

* Parameters defined by sex and country

9

Introduction

About the IAF

The Inter-American Foundation (IAF), an independent foreign assistance agency of the United States

government, provides grants to grassroots organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean. Created in

1969 as an experimental program, the IAF responds

to innovative, participatory and sustainable self-help

development projects proposed by grassroots groups

and organizations that support them. It also encourages partnerships among community organizations,

businesses and local governments directed at improving the quality of life for poor people and strengthening democratic practices. To contribute to a better

understanding of the development process, the IAF

shares its experiences and the lessons it has learned.

The Inter-American Foundation is governed by a

nine-person board of directors appointed by the

president of the United States and confirmed by

the U.S. Senate. Six members are drawn from the

private sector and three from the federal government. The board is assisted by an advisory council. A president, appointed by the board, serves as

the Inter-American Foundation’s chief executive

officer, managing a staff of 47 employees based

in Arlington, Virginia.

Congress appropriates funds annually for the

Inter-American Foundation. The IAF also has

access to the Social Progress Trust Fund administered by the Inter-American Development Bank

and consisting of payments on U.S. government

loans extended under the Alliance for Progress to

various Latin American and Caribbean governments. Since 1972, the IAF has made 4,524

grants for more than $571 million. Together, the

IAF and its grantees have created cost-effective

models of social and economic development

which have bettered the conditions of hundreds of

thousands of poor families in communities

throughout the hemisphere. 

Performance Summary and Highlights

Results data gathered in FY 2004 reveal the following:

* More than 19,000 beneficiaries improved their

diet and hence their health.

* More than 32,000 beneficiaries received medical

attention.

* Close to 10,000 individuals benefited from

access to clean water. 

* More than 40,000 individuals benefited from

trash removal operations.

* IAF grantees in eight countries helped their beneficiaries build or expand their own homes. A

total of 221 new houses were built and 1,006

were improved.

* Registration in courses, workshops and seminars

exceeded 52,000 individuals in finance including

loan management; approximately 32,000 in agriculture and environment-related topics; close to

17,000 in management; and close to 8,000 in

health issues, such prenatal care and disease prevention.

* IAF-funded activities created more than 3,800

full-time permanent positions and 1,100 parttime positions.

* Grant activities also generated 3,600 full-time

seasonal jobs and 3,300 part-time seasonal positions.

* More than 1,700 organizations voluntarily cooperated with IAF grantees.

* Of the 644 organizations in partnerships with

IAF grantees, 320 became partners in FY 2004.

* Grantees mobilized $5.3 million and brokered

another $4.8 million for project activities, or a

combined total of $10.1 million ($7.2 million in

cash and $2.9 million in kind).

* Central government institutions were the most

generous to IAF grantees, donating $3.8 million,

most of it in cash. 

* International private nonprofit organizations

contributed $1.25 million to IAF grantees.

* IAF grantees extended close to 195,000 loans

averaging $393 each. Agricultural loans averaged $643. Loans for business development represented 62 percent of all loans and averaged

$419 each.
* Grantees disseminated information on approaches, practices and/or techniques in 17 of the 19

countries where the IAF funds activities.

The Methodology

To meet the challenges that stem from the diversity

of the IAF’s grantees and the heterogeneity of their

cultures, languages and political contexts, the IAF

designed and developed the Grassroots Development

Framework (GDF), a practical tool consisting of a

menu of 40 indicators used to collect and assess

results data. The GDF measures the directly observable, tangible results of the projects as well as the

subtler intangible effects and levels of impact on the

individuals involved, the groups and the communities. Tangible results are observable, but intangible

results, such as the assumption of leadership roles or

heightened self-esteem, are factors no less vital that

influence current and future development initiatives. 

Tracking these indicators over time allows subsequent analysis of project results and documents the

IAF’s work for reporting to agencies to which the

IAF is accountable. Knowledge of the indicators also

helps the grantees stay focused on their goals; information on these indicators provides feedback to them

and to IAF staff.

The data presented in this report are collected by the

grantees as part of their respective grant agreements

with the IAF. Grantees forward their project results to

the IAF every six months during the life of their proj10

ect. A cadre of in-country data verifiers contracted by

the IAF then corroborates the results submitted and

forwards the validated data to the IAF along with

comments on whatever facilitated or impeded

achievement of objectives.

The current group of IAF data verifiers has been visiting grantees and their beneficiaries for the past four

years. In addition, data verifiers participate with the

IAF Evaluation Office staff in an annual conference

where they review data collection techniques, concepts and definitions and discuss problems encountered in the field. Their on-site experience with

grantees and their participation at the conference help

them hone their skills, resulting in more accurate

reporting. 

Miguel Cuevas
11

What is grassroots development? 

The Inter-American Foundation uses the term “grassroots development” to describe the process by which

disadvantaged people organize themselves to improve social, cultural and economic conditions. The concept assumes that the key to sustainable democracies, equitable societies and prosperous economies is a

people-oriented strategy stressing participation, organizational development and networking to build the

social capital needed to complement human and physical assets.

What is the Grassroots

Development Framework? 

The Inter-American Foundation created the

Grassroots Development Framework to measure the results and impact of projects the

Foundation supports. Results can inform decisions, signal challenges, confirm achievements

and indicate topics for further research. The

GDF was created by applying what had been

learned from more than 4,500 projects

financed by the Foundation. 

The GDF is useful to both the grantee and the

donor. It provides the means to establish project objectives and report achievements,

strengths and deficiencies. Since the pilot testing and application of the GDF, several development assistance institutions have, in consultation with the Inter-American Foundation, adapted the GDF to their own

activities.

How does it work?

The premise of the GDF is that grassroots development produces results at three levels, and important tangible and intangible results should be taken into account. In business, profits are the bottom line. In grassroots development, a project must generate material improvements in the quality of life of the poor.

Because poverty entails not only lack of income but also lack of access to a range of basic services (including education, healthcare and housing), as well as insufficient opportunity for active civic participation, the

GDF draws these indicators into a single tool. 

A development project is a special kind of investment that should produce tangible and intangible benefits,

and the GDF seeks to measure and document both. The Foundation’s experience has demonstrated that

each project can plant a seed for change and that grassroots development produces results not only for individuals but also for organizations and society. The cone shape of the GDF portrays the potential impact of

grassroots development, progressing from individuals and families, to organizations, to the community or

society at large — the three levels of the GDF. 
Creating jobs

In FY 2004, 79 grantees reported the creation of

close to 11,900 jobs of both a permanent and seasonal nature (see Table 1). In Nicaragua, for example, the Fondo para el Desarrollo de la Mujer (NC244) facilitated the creation of 2,300 jobs by providing loans to expand small businesses. In Peru,

the Consorcio para el Desarrollo

Regional (CODESRE) (PU-513),

helped create 550 new jobs

through its program of assistance

in marketing for small agro-businesses located in four central

provinces of the department of

Huancayo known as the Mantaro

River Valley.

This is the IAF’s sixth report in response to the

Government Performance and Results Act of 1993,

requiring all federal agencies to document and report

results of strategic plans and performance goals for

the fiscal year. It summarizes the results of grants

active in FY 2004. This section of the report highlights results from the GDF indicators most frequently used by our grantees. In FY 2004, for the

first time in its history, 100 percent of IAF grantees

(241) submitted reports.1 Each grantee report was

verified by an independent in-country professional.

Tangible Results at the Beneficiary Level

Data for FY 2004 show IAF grants had a positive

effect on the quality of life of the poor in Latin

America and the Caribbean through education,

improved health, better housing conditions and

increased job opportunities. Asked if their quality of

life had improved, stayed the same or worsened as a

result of grant activities, 88 percent of the beneficiaries of IAF-supported projects reported that they were

better off (see Figure 1). 

PART I: Grants Results in FY 2004

12

1 IAF also awarded grants to organizations to conduct special studies or to provide scholarships to development practitioners. Other grants are awarded to developing organizations for planning or learning. None of these grants lend themselves to data collection and they are monitored differently.
In Brazil, the Instituto Nenuca de

Desenvolvimento Sustentável (INSEA) (BR806) launched the “Selective Solid Waste

Collection” campaign by training close to 8,300

individuals. The project aims at increasing the

income of recyclers in Minas Gerais through

training, technical assistance and the availability of funds for purchasing, maintaining, and

upgrading equipment such as paper presses,

scales, shredders, carts and small motor vehicles, which will enable recyclers to improve the quality

and processing of recycled

materials.

In El Salvador, the Fundación

Segundo Montes (FSM) (ES202) trained 469 individuals in

basic accounting principles,

record keeping, inventory control, customer relations and

other skills. Some of the

trained individuals received

loans from FSM to finance

micro-enterprises and help

them diversify their production.

In Ecuador, the Corporación de Estudios

Regionales-Guayaquil (CER-G) (EC-379)

enlisted the participation of close to 4,000 residents in addressing the disposal of solid waste

in three urban centers in the province of

Guayas. The participants learned to recycle various materials and received trash cans.

Improving health

Better diets and access to medical care and clean

water impact the health of the community and its

standard of living. Equally important is proper disposal of human waste and removal of solid waste

(see Table 3). 

Through better nutrition, FY 2004 grant activities

improved the health of approximately 19,400 beneficiaries. Proyecto de Aldea Global (PAG) (HO235) in Honduras, for example, increased food

security by diversifying the food production system

Providing Training

In FY 2004, 87 percent of all IAF grants reported

providing on-the-job training or courses and workshops lasting from one to several days. Grantees

also provided complementary technical assistance

as reinforcement. The most common topics were

finance, agriculture, environment-related issues,

planning/administration and civic participation (see

Table 2). Below are examples:

In Mexico, the Desarrolladora de

Emprendedores A.C. (DEAC) (ME-438)

accounted for 82 percent of all beneficiaries

receiving financial training. As part of the loan

program in the Valle Chalco, surrounding

Mexico City, low-income members of communal banks learned how to keep financial records

for themselves as well as for the communal

banks. DEAC in conjunction with the Centro de

Apoyo al Micro-Empresario, A.C. (CAME),

trained 43,000 bank members, 90 percent of

whom were women. 

In Peru, the Programa Integral para el

Desarrollo del Café (PIDECAFE) (PU-509)

trained some 2,100 coffee growers in the Piura

highlands to process brown sugar. The manufacture of brown sugar loaves, or panelas, is

part of PIDECAFE’s strategy to help coffee

producers diversify their sources of income.

13
14

to include basic grains, garden vegetables and

small animals. PAG reported that as a result of its

“improved traditional farm” model, more than 300

farmers improved their families’ diet. 

For most grantees, however, dietary improvement

was not an initial objective but an indirect benefit

of increased production and/or income. More production leads to more food for household members

because part of the production is allocated for

home consumption. Additionally, as income rises,

households can afford more and better food. In

Peru, the agricultural and animal husbandry project

of Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo

Integral (AIDER) (PU-499) helps 335 families in

the department of Piura improve pig- and sheepbreeding; the harvest of carob, wood, and other

products from the forest; and their yield of vegetables using hydroponic methods for the first time.

AIDER reported 435 beneficiaries improved their

diet as a result of pork and mutton consumption,

which their successful animal breeding made possible. They also supplemented their diet with surplus

hydroponic vegetables.

For the third consecutive year (see Table 3), the

number of grant beneficiaries receiving medical

attention increased and 80 percent of those receiving medical care were in Guatemala where five

grantees served 26,000 mostly indigenous patients.

Grantees in Honduras and Mexico also reported

that a significant number of individuals received

medical services.

Preventive measures such as vaccinations also

improved health conditions among the poor. Not

surprisingly, the above-referenced

grantees in Guatemala and Honduras

included vaccinations in their services.

Asociación Toto Integrado (GT-275) in

Guatemala inoculated 500 children

under the age of five against whooping

cough, diphtheria, polio and other diseases. Vecinos Mundiales Honduras

(VM/H) (HO-236), played a key role in

promoting, at the local level, the

Honduran Ministry of Health’s campaign to vaccinate more than 700 children.

Access to clean water is vital for reducing the risk of

disease and grantees in six countries provided piped

water to 10,000 beneficiaries. Examples follow:

In Bolivia, the Centro de Acción Social para el

Desarrollo Comunitario (CASDEC) (BO-469) built a

potable water supply system serving 14 families in

the community of Chaupisuyu and another serving 39

families in the community of Cruz Pampa. Villagers

had previously relied on a contaminated stream for

their water supply.

In Honduras, the Vecinos Mundiales Honduras

(VM/H) (HO-236), in collaboration with the Rotary

Club of Danlí, distributed 198 biofilters (water filters) to families participating in VM/H’s community

health project in Paraíso. Also in Honduras, Agua

para El Pueblo (HO-237), which works to improve

health conditions through increased access to potable

water and basic sanitation, benefited 3,120 individuals by repairing water supply lines and connecting

homes to the water system.

And in Panama, the Instituto Panameño de

Desarrollo Humano y Municipal (IPADEHM) (PN273) built three water systems: one in the

Changuinola district, serving the Ngobé-Buglé

indigenous community of 112 inhabitants; a second

in the Mironó district capable of supplying 200

inhabitants; and the third in Remedios district capable of supplying 225 persons.

Sanitary conditions were improved for more than

5,000 individuals. In Guatemala, the Fundación para el

Desarrollo Educativo, Social, y Económico (FUN-
DADESE) (GT-260) built latrines in the municipality of Chichicastenango, department of Quiche,

benefiting 1,650 individuals. 

In Brazil, the Fundação Centro de Defesa dos

Direitos Humanos Bento Rubião (FBR) (BR-788)

benefited more than 200 people by building latrines

in poor neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro as part of

its project to improve housing and community

development opportunities for residents of lowincome housing cooperatives. Another Brazilian

grantee, the Centro Diocesano de Apoio ao

Pequeno Produtor (CEDAPP) (BR-815), benefited

119 individuals by installing latrines as part of a

strategy to improve conditions for 200 families in

10 rural communities in the state of Pernambuco. 

Health conditions also improved through trash disposal, which benefited 40,600 individuals in more

than 7,700 houses. Grantees in Venezuela, Ecuador

and Honduras accounted for 97 percent of the housing units benefiting from recycling programs. In

Venezuela, Fundación Papyrus (VZ-183), which

assists low-income school children in raising funds

for academic projects through recycling activities,

reported that 3,600 households participated in the

recycling operation, benefiting approximately

18,000 individuals. Part of the money raised is used

to hiring more teachers and to buy the children

school supplies.

And in Ecuador, the Corporación de Estudios

Regionales-Guayaquil (CER-G) (EC-379), in partnership with three municipalities in the province of

Guayas (Daule, Palestina and Santa Lucía), provided trash collection to 2,300 households, thereby

improving the living conditions for 12,000 residents. 

Building houses

In FY 2004, IAF grantees had a direct and positive

impact on the standard of living of the poor in eight

countries through assistance with housing construction, additions and renovations (see Table 4).

In Nicaragua, three grantees helped build new

homes and another three assisted with the renovations of existing dwellings. The Urbanizadora y

Edificadora Popular (URBE) (NC-255), for example, is helping communities increase their capacity

for self-help through participation on committees

and in self-help building/remodeling activities. The

grantee provides financing for such activities to residents of the municipality of Ciudad Sandino.

Loans, averaging $1,700, are used to construct new

homes or to improve existing ones. 

Brazilian grantee Fundação Centro de Defesa dos

Direitos Humanos Bento Rubião (BR-788) helped

residents of two low-income housing cooperatives

located in the poorest neighborhoods of Rio de

Janeiro build 75 new houses. FBR is using a cooperative self-help method which requires beneficiaries to participate actively in the architectural design

and planning of their homes and to assume responsibility for construction and maintenance of housing development in Jacarepagua. Many of the new

homeowners, who used to live in squalor and paid

50 percent of their income in rent, now enjoy clean

new homes with modern plumbing. 

In Mexico, Comité de Promoción Social del Valle

del Yaqui (PROVAY) (ME-441) is improving living

conditions for low-income families by building

homes from locally available materials.

Approximately 100 individuals benefited from 24

houses built in Ciudad Obregón.

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16

Tangible Results at the Grantee Organization

Level

This section looks at resources obtained to expand

the scope of the grantees’ work beyond the beneficiaries originally envisioned in the agreement with

the IAF and to sustain the grantees’ efforts once

IAF funding ends. It also examines efforts to forge

new relationships toward providing the level and

quality of goods and services required. 

Mobilizing/brokering resources

Resource mobilization refers to funds raised by the

grantee organization to meet operating expenses

and development efforts beyond those covered by

an IAF grant. Mobilized resources from international, national or local sources, private and public,

can be financial, material or human. 

Resources brokered refers to monetary, material or

human resources obtained by the grantee from individuals or national or international public or private

entities and channeled directly to grassroots organizations or groups that support the project funded by

the IAF. Resources brokered never pass through the

grantee’s hands but rather go directly to organizations, grassroots groups or beneficiaries.

In FY 2004 grantees mobilized close to $5.3 million: $4.2 million in cash and $1.1 million in kind.

In terms of resources mobilized from international

donors versus those obtained from domestic

sources, FY 2004 shows a decrease of 43 percent in

the amount received from international donors and

a 26 percent drop from domestic sources when

compared to FY 2003 (see Table 5). Further analysis reveals the amount mobilized in FY 2004 has

fallen below the level reached in FY 2001 (see

Figure 2).

Resources brokered by IAF grantees rose from $3.8

million in FY 2003 to $4.8 million in FY 2004, an

increase of 26 percent from the previous year. In

FY 2002, grantees brokered $3.3 million. This

upward trend is in sharp contrast to the downward

path taken by resources mobilized over the last five

years. Based on discussions with some grantees, it

appears that donors are becoming aware that contributions made directly to project beneficiaries

receive more exposure and generate more public

relations impact than those provided to beneficiaries through grantees.

Even though grantees are now brokering more

resources, they still mobilize more than they broker. As previously mentioned, in FY 2004

resources mobilized totaled more than $5 million,

while resources brokered totaled $4.8 million, for a

combined total of $10 million. In other words, IAF

grantees raised $0.70 for every dollar invested by

the IAF. (See tables 6 and 7).

Among international donors, private nonprofit

organizations2 were among the most generous contributors in Bolivia, Mexico and Argentina: 

Broederlijk Delen (Belgium), a nongovernmental

organization that focuses on the social aspect of

development, contributed $38,000 toward a literacy campaign by the Mancomunidad Héroes de la

Independencia (BO-474) in the department of

Tarija in southern Bolivia. The same project also

received $36,000 from AVINA, a foundation that

works with civil society and business toward sustainable development in Latin America. The donation was for training community leaders. Other

contributions to Mancomunidad came from

Caritas-France ($70,500), Caritas-Italy ($5,500)

and DKA Austria ($7,300). Mancomunidad mobilized a total of $184,000 from private nonprofit

organizations.

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation contributed $46,400 to Alternare (ME-457) for a project to train low-income farmers to plant and

increase their crops in and around Mexico’s

Monarch Butterfly Reserve, approximately 100

miles west of Mexico City. Additionally the

October Hill Foundation contributed $27,600, the

Leiter Family Foundation, $5,000, and the

Monarch Butterfly Foundation $3,500. Alternare’s

efforts resulted in $82,500 from private nonprofit

organizations. 

2 Private nonprofit organizations are nongovernmental organizations working abroad in development activities and headquartered

outside the country where the activities take place. 
17

AVINA contributed $93,300 to the Asociación de

Mujeres Warmi Sayajsunqo (AR-329) located in

the Puna of Jujuy in northern Argentina to develop

WARMI enterprises and assist them in legally

incorporating. WARMI also brokered $52,000 from

Médicos del Mundo for a health program in Abra

Pampa, a joint effort of WARMI, Médicos del

Mundo and the provincial government of Jujuy. 

Grantees also mobilized and brokered $3.8 million

from central governments and $0.7 million from

local governments. Mexican, Argentine and

Ecuadorian grantees received the most significant

government contributions:

* The largest federal government contributions

were from Mexico’s Secretaría de Agricultura

(SAGARPA) to the women of the Mujeres

Empacadoras de Nopal de Ayoquezco

(MENA) in Oaxaca for the construction of a

nopal (prickly pear from cactus) packing plant

($594,000), and to the grain producers of

Guayangareo, Michoacán, for their agro-businesses ($338,500). Both groups are beneficiaries of the Fundación para la Productividad en

el Campo (ME-450).

* Argentina’s Ministerio de Desarrollo Social

provided $108,000 to the Asociación de

Mujeres Warmi Sayajsunqo (AR-329) for the

creation of 26 community funds for the indigenous population of Santa Catalina, Susques,

Tilcara, Yavi and Cochinoca in Jujuy. WARMI

also brokered $55,000 from the Fundación

Obra Claretiana para el Desarrollo

(OCLADE), which is part of the Ministerio de

Desarrollo Social, for 10 community funds in

the prelature of Humahuaca.

* Ecuador’s Ministerio de Bienestar Social

turned over $79,000, or 65 percent of the proceeds from the sale of timber harvested on

community land in Guamote, to the Comité de

Desarrollo Local de Guamote (CDL-G) (EC386). The Ministerio provided seedlings and

the community contributed labor in the joint

reforestation project that resulted in the contribution.
18
19

Partnering as a strategy

By partnering, grantees can offer beneficiaries

more of the assistance they need. Partnerships

present challenges because of differences in interests, objectives, goals, resources, and human and

financial capital, but they achieve outcomes not

otherwise possible. Partnering involves shared

decisions and pooled resources to benefit the target

group. IAF grantees recognize the advantages in

terms of maximizing the impact of their investment

and accessing a greater range of skills. During FY

2004, IAF grantees reported partnering with 644

organizations, public and private, foreign and

domestic. Of these, almost half came into being

during FY 2004. (see Table 8)

Community-based organizations, such as the

Consejo Nacional de Ayllus y Markas del

Qullasuyu (ONAMAQ) and the Consejo de Ayllus

Originarios de Potosí (CAOP) in Bolivia (BO473) and the Cooperativa de Ahorro y Préstamo 10

de Octubre in Mexico (ME-454), had significant

partnerships with IAF grantees. Other major partners were drawn from the public sector, including

public schools, such as those participating in the

Unidos para Aprender project (United to Learn)

sponsored by the Fundación Minetti (AR-322) and

municipalities, such Macaé, Itaguaí and Piraí,

which partnered with Viva Rio (BR-798) to create

business centers with internet services in favela

communities in Rio de Janeiro.

National entities, such as INFOP (Instituto

Nacional de Formación Profesional) and the

Procuraduría General del Ambiente in Honduras,

partnered with Proyecto Aldea Global (HO-235) to

increase food security and farmer self-sufficiency

in three municipalities adjacent to the Parque

Nacional Cerro Azul Member.

Domestic businesses also supported IAF grantees.

Foreign businesses, however, were rarely a partner

and contributed less than $90,000 to IAF projects

in FY 2004.

Providing microcredit

In FY 2004, 68 grantees in 13 countries provided

credit to their beneficiaries through loan funds for

entrepreneurs who had no other access to capital.

Loans furthered initiatives in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, business development, education and other areas (see Table 9).

Examples of loans awarded:

In Colombia, the Asociación Colombiana de

Petroleros (ACP) (CO-486) extended 33 loans,

averaging $5,200 each, to cattle ranchers, poultry

producers, aquaculture farmers and citrus producers. It also provided eight loans averaging $4,000 to

citrus producers for irrigation systems.

In Nicaragua, the Fundación Odorico D’ Andrea

(FODA) (NC-252) provided 182 loans, averaging

$126 each, to farmers producing beans, cabbage,

corn, lettuce, onions and potatoes. FODA also

extended loans averaging $165 to six farmers for

construction of grain storage facilities. As part of

its program, FODA technicians trained loan recipients in environment-related issues such as proper

handling of chemical fertilizers, soil and water conservation, construction of compost enclosures and

the development of forest nurseries.
20

In Peru, the Empresa Multicomunal de Servicios

Agropecuarios (EMUCOSA) (PU-492) extended

457 loans, averaging $65 each, to farm families in

Juliaca cultivating oats for forage. Improvement of

pastures through the introduction of hardy varieties

of grasses and oats was part of the project objective

to provide nutrients for sheep.

Mexican grantees accounted for 90 percent of the

loans extended by grantees throughout the hemisphere. Two Mexican grantees, the Desarrolladora

de Emprendedores A.C. (DEAC) (ME-438) and

FinComún, Servicios Financieros Comunitarios

(ME-451), extended more than three-fourths of all

loans. However, Bolivian grantees took the lead in

providing credit for agricultural projects, extending

close to 4,000 averaging $100 each. Additionally,

Bolivia’s Centro de Estudios Regionales para el

Desarrollo de Tarija (CERDET) (BO-471) extended $20,000, the most significant single loan, to

AVATIRENDA, a corn storage center. 

Sharing information with stakeholders

Grantee organizations provide members, officials

and beneficiaries access to clear information on

policies, programs and finances. Almost threequarters of the grantees reporting on the “Access

to information” indicator were rated high, and the

rest were rated medium. Examples follow:

The Fundación para la Defensa de la Naturaleza

(FUDENA) (VZ-190) in Venezuela received a high

rating. It distributed a newsletter to its beneficiaries

and partners detailing project activities on the eastern coast of the state of Falcón where it promotes

the protection of shellfish species and better earnings for residents who derive their primary income

from fishing. FUDENA is also developing a

brochure and several videos showing project results

and its work on behalf of those who live from fishing and marketing fish products. Its policy, programs and project results can be found on its Web

page. 

In Guatemala, the Asociación para el Desarrollo

de San Antonio (ADISA) (GT-270) regularly briefs

its beneficiaries on project plans and finances. Its

goals are to increase their income, improve their

health and improve the natural resource base in

communities in Quiche’s municipality of San

Antonio Ilotenango.
Disseminating methodology, techniques and results

The dissemination of knowledge and experience

allows development projects to be built on the success of others and avoid their errors. The IAF

funds an array of information outlets, including

speeches and presentations, radio and television

interviews, pamphlets and brochures, newspaper

and magazine articles, press releases, books, videos

and movies, and CD-ROMs.

In FY 2004, 47 percent of IAF grantees undertook

some sort of dissemination activity in 17 of the 19

countries with IAF-funded projects. Mexican

grantees were represented in each kind of activity,

but most grantees use a more modest array of

tools. IAF grantees produced more than 300 pamphlets and brochures and distributed more than

300,000 copies. Examples of dissemination activities follow:

The People’s Action for Community

Transformation (PACT) (JA-109) is strengthening

the capacity of grassroots organizations in lowincome communities throughout Jamaica along

with their networking and access to information.

PACT began producing a newsletter titled “LIFE

Happenings” in June 2004 with information on

LIFE (PACT’s parent organization), PACT, the IAF

and developments in the programs and projects

undertaken. One hundred and twenty copies were

distributed to stakeholders, the media and the general public. PACT also developed “Grassroots

Economic Development: Investing In Local

Economies,” a PowerPoint presentation for distribution at various junctures of the project.

The Community Tourism Foundation (CTF) (CA096) established a Community Innovations Fund to

raise money from the financial and tourism sectors

for grants to grassroots groups and communitybased organizations in several Eastern Caribbean

countries. CTF staff gave a presentation on its programs to representatives of various tourism-related

agencies at a community tourism workshop. Other

dissemination activities included nationally televised interviews on Morning Barbados and The

Chat Room; articles in two Barbados newspapers;

press releases on the CTF’s magazine and the distribution of 10,000 copies in hotels, duty-free

stores and tourist attractions in Barbados and in

agencies in the Eastern Caribbean. CTF also sent

the magazine to current and prospective partners

to encourage their financial support for the next

edition.

Mundo Afro (LA-161), headquartered in

Montevideo, Uruguay, is developing a regional

network among communities of African descent in

the Southern Cone. Its staff has given several

seminars on racism and discrimination at universities and secondary schools. They also have organized presentations in Montevideo of “Our

Candombe Vision,” referring to African-derived

features of Uruguayan culture. 

The Instituto Nenuca de Desenvolvimento

Sustentável (INSEA) (BR-806) disseminated sanitation techniques at the 3o Seminário de Meio

Ambiente, which drew 1,300 participants. Another

1,035 participated in the Third Festival of Solid

Waste and Citizenship (Festival de Lixo e

Cidadania) held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

INSEA gave more than two dozen radio interviews on its work with recyclers to develop

income-generating activities.

Intangible Results at the Beneficiary Level

A holistic view of grassroots development

includes intangible gains that can be observed,

inferred and reliably verified, if not directly measured. At the individual or family level, the IAF,

through its data verifiers, collects data on intangible indicators: communication, problem-solving

skills, self-esteem, cultural identity and innovation. Considered with results on tangible indicators, these widen the lens through which grant

impact is viewed and provide symmetry to the

IAF’s measurement process. The data presented in

this section reflect grantee organizations and beneficiaries’ perception of cultural values, a sense of

belonging, personal recognition of self-worth and

human dignity, and the sense of the potential to

live a better life and contribute to society. The

data are cumulative and show results since the

inception of each grant.

21
22

Communication

In FY 2004, close to 85,000 IAF

grant beneficiaries increased their

capacity to express their ideas and

views clearly. As in FY 2003, most

individuals who reported improving their communication skills

were Argentine children in two

Fundación Leer (AR-330) programs: Open Book and Life Skills.

Over three years more than 59,000

children reported improvement.

Their teachers and school principals agreed that reading has helped

children with their vocabulary and

grades.

In El Salvador, the Fundación Segundo Montes

(FSM) (ES-202) reported 70 beneficiaries had

improved their communication skills as a result of

training, technical assistance and a local scholarship program. The results are evident from the way

participating micro-entrepreneurs and farmers

interact with customers at fairs. 

In Bolivia, the Mancomunidad Héroes de la

Independencia (BO-474) has a grassroots credit

program known as the Solidarity Capitalization

Fund (FONCASOL). Mancomunidad also created a

coordinating body to improve the efficiency and

effectiveness of development initiatives. Dialogues

ensuing with various government officials, community leaders and the public have made local development projects more transparent and participative

and have honed the communication skills of those

involved. 

Problem-solving

In FY 2004, 50 grantees reported on the problemsolving indicator. Examples illustrate how beneficiaries analyze and address a situation:

The Comité de Reconstrucción y Desarrollo

Económico Social de Comunidades de Suchitoto,

Cuscatlán (CRC) (ES-205) in El Salvador enables

producers to improve the environment and their

crops through the application of agro-ecology techniques. CRC has created a committee to oversee

the project and train individuals to manage a credit

fund. Trained beneficiaries applied their management skills to recovering arrearages.

The Centro de Servicios Legales para la Mujer

(CENSEL) (DR-325), in the Dominican Republic,

in conjunction with women’s and community

groups is conducting training programs to address

domestic violence in communities in the eastern

part of the province of Santo Domingo. Thirty-four

individuals (10 men and 24 women), who received

training in mediation and other skills related to preventing and resolving problems from domestic violence are helping victims deal with their situation.

CENSEL staff mediated 48 cases --34 criminal and

14 civil-- involving divorce, child custody, child

support, rape, criminal spouse abuse and property

crime.

Beneficiaries of the Asociación para el Fomento

del Turismo (AFOTUR) (PN-274) in the community of Puru de Pequeni, Panama, were faced with the

problem of insufficient land for the agro-forestry

and reforestation activities envisioned in the

grantee’s project. They decided to pool their

resources and buy 20 hectares, which allowed them

to continue mixing forest species for future use

with food crops for short-term consumption by

local families and visitors. 
Self-esteem

Personal recognition of self-worth and human dignity and a sense of potential are attributes of selfesteem, which plays a key role in development.

Most IAF-supported activities affect the self-esteem

of the people targeted. In FY 2004, 66 grantees

reported their observations. Below are specific

examples reported by Fundación Kechuaymara

(BO-482), a Bolivian grantee:

The grantee is implementing a strategy of agricultural production and micro-enterprise development

among 350 families through training and technical

assistance to Aymara communities and organizations in the Ambana section of Carabuco municipality. One of the grantee’s greatest challenges has

been overcoming these beneficiaries’ low selfesteem. To combat the problem, the grantee conducted a training program in agricultural production, control of plant diseases, marketing and smallbusiness management. The training strengthened

participants’ confidence and they now feel capable

of conducting sanitary campaigns and independently marketing their products. 

Management of their local store and their success

with the mill has put the native population on equal

footing with Creole neighbors, who once considered them inferior and did not allow them to use

certain public spaces, such as the main square. Now

these neighbors want to negotiate with the rural

indigenous workers and buy their

flour, which, in addition to being

cheaper (than flour transported from

La Paz), is more nutritious and

processed under better sanitary conditions. 

Work with boys and girls from various schools on valuing the indigenous

cultural identity prompted families to

organize a meeting of Aymara children from 43 communities. These initiatives sparked great interest

throughout the municipality, beyond

the immediate project area. The

mayor’s office in Carabuco cofinanced the activities, and there are

plans to repeat them elsewhere. These

efforts to encourage people to value their culture

have had such an effect that union officials in the

Ambaná region are gradually returning to their

native dress, a sign of better self-esteem.

Cultural identity

Especially for African-descendant and indigenous

communities, a strong sense of cultural identity can

spur an appreciation of their rights as citizens, their

economic possibilities and the values of their

ancestral traditions. Below are some examples of

efforts to help beneficiaries increase their appreciation and/or preservation of their cultural values, traditions and ethnic heritage.

The Asociación de Mujeres Warmi Sayajsunqo

(WARMI) (AR-329) has a training program in Abra

Pampa, Jujuy, Argentina, to instill in its members

the value of their culture and heritage. Association

members are gradually more aware of the importance of an in-depth knowledge of their cultural

heritage. In three communities --Puesto Sey, San

Juan de Quillaques and Pueblo Viejo-- they are

documenting their oral history for future generations. Women participants in WARMI’s handicraft

workshops are also researching ancestral textile

production techniques.

Mundo Afro (LA-161), an organization serving

Afro-descendants in Argentina, southern Brazil,

Paraguay and Uruguay, is promoting social pro23
24

also includes the adoption of more effective

and/or efficient strategies, methods or

approaches to achieve

grant objectives. 

Examples follow:

The Fundación para la

Defensa de la Naturaleza

(FUDENA) (VZ-190) in

Venezuela is conducting

a resource management

program for the benefit

of communities that make their living by extracting

shellfish from two protected areas of the western

coast of Falcón: Morrocoy National Park and Cuare

Wildfire Refuge. As part of FUDENA’s training, a

group of high school students is experimenting with

new methods to raise finfish, specifically, snapper

and corocoro, while another group has developed a

holding tank for raising clams. 

The Rede de Infomações para o Terceiro Setor

(RITS) (BR-804) is providing computers, computer

instruction and Internet access to 40 nongovernmental organizations and base groups serving lowincome communities in the Brazilian Northeast.

Where the computers have been installed, there has

been an upsurge in use by beneficiaries who have

adapted so well to the new technology that they

enroll in online courses, conduct computer-assisted

surveys, submit bids for contracts over the Internet,

pay taxes online and design Web pages.

Endeavor (UR-177) in Uruguay is creating opportunities for emerging entrepreneurs with limited

access to capital, support networks or information.

Those selected to participate in the program gain

access to a series of formal workshops, conferences

and radio and television programs, as well as informal one-on-one training and mentoring.

Participants, seven thus far, feel more confident and

better equipped as a result of Endeavor’s program.

grams among these communities through a series of

pilot projects focused on program development,

education, micro-enterprises, and cultural affirmation and preservation. Approximately 2,500 individuals have gained a greater appreciation of their heritage by participating in educational workshops and

other events featuring Candombe music. The production of drums in micro-enterprises supported by

the grantee in Paraguay and Uruguay has brought

together communities from each side of the border

to support and promote culture derived from Africa. 

The Instituto de Investigaciones Koskun Kalu

(Koskun) (PN-275) constructed three small community-based museums on the islands of El

Porvenir and Ustupu in the indigenous territory of

Comarca Kuna Yala, Panama. The museums are

already serving as focal points for cultural activities

and promoting cultural pride and knowledge among

400 Kunas. Surrounding communities are soliciting

information from the museums to learn more about

their own culture and traditions.

Grantee and beneficiary innovation and/or adaptability

As defined by the IAF, innovation is the capacity to

develop creative solutions with the materials and

resources available and to apply new strategies or

methods that integrate traditional and modern

knowledge and practices. Innovation as treated by

the IAF includes all persons “benefiting” from creative solutions and new methods or techniques

applied as a result of grant activities. The indicator
25

Grantee: Fundación Minetti (AR-322)

Addressing educational challenges through institutional strengthening 

Grant amount: $361,300

Background

Fundación Juan Minetti (Minetti) was established

in 1987 by Juan Minetti, S.A., a cement manufacturer with plants in the provinces of Córdoba,

Mendoza and Jujuy. Minetti supports education

through an annual course series in vocational education, environmental preservation and organizational development for nonprofit organizations, and

social development through programs that strengthen the capacity of nonprofit organizations to

improve the neediest sectors of the community.

Minetti also manages three small-grant funds. It

strives to build strategic alliances with business,

civil society organizations and the public sector. 

In 1997, the IAF awarded Minetti a grant for

Tendiendo Puentes, a fund for small grants to nongovernmental and community organizations working to resolve problems of poverty. Originally

planned for two years, the grant period was extended through the end of December 2003. 

Objectives and Results

The project goal was to contribute to the educational success of children and youths in high-risk situations. Tendiendo Puentes was established to support

projects aiming to improve production and employment, health and nutrition, nonformal education,

mobilization of resources, local development and

leadership training. Sub-grantees received technical

assistance and training in formulating proposals for

social initiatives. 

The first projects awarded grants in 1998 satisfied

four criteria: They (1) engaged the community in

Part II: Profiles of Grants Ending in FY 2004

Argentina

socio-educational processes; (2) incorporated skills,

attitudes and values conducive to a qualitative

social change; (3) tended to occupational and

employment needs; and (4) promoted nonformal

education. The eight projects financed involved 76

community organizations and reached 830 direct

beneficiaries. The experience of the first year

taught project planners that they should concentrate

funding in a specific area, and the focus became

addressing the educational needs of the most underprivileged children, adolescents and youths.

Proposals were accepted from applicants in the formal educational system who sought to increase

active and continual community participation.

While the same number of projects was financed as

in 1998, the number of direct beneficiaries in 1999

increased to 11,600 and the number of community

organizations fell to 36. 

In the hope of establishing a cooperative relationship among community organizations and municipal schools, an agreement was formalized between

Minetti and the municipality of Córdoba in 2000. It

set the priority on projects proposed by nonprofit

institutions whose target populations included

schools in Córdoba’s marginalized neighborhoods.

The municipality agreed to assist with project

design and development; supply technicians for the

evaluation; and facilitate cooperation among school

administrators, teachers and students. More than

6,000 people benefited from a total of 11 projects

involving 61 schools and 52 community organizations. 

The following year, Minetti renewed its commitment to projects aimed at decreasing problems with

schooling (dropping out, repeating grades). Fifteen

projects, eight of which worked with public

schools, were financed; 7,000 individuals benefited;

and a total of 137 institutions (70 schools and 67

community organizations) were involved. 
At the end of 2002, Minetti staff met with leaders of

another program, Infancia y Desarrollo, and they

decided to join forces to create “Juntos por la

Educación.” It was aimed at improving the quality of

education in Córdoba by promoting the sustainability

of socio-educational projects that directly targeted the

problem of educational failures among poor children.

The fund supported eight projects by community

organizations working in marginalized urban schools

through financing, training and monitoring, and it

benefited more than 3,700 students, teachers and parents.

In total, Tendiendo Puentes reached 29,896 direct

beneficiaries in marginalized areas of Córdoba and of

provincial towns and rural zones. As a result of the

project, children and adolescents remained in school

or re-entered the educational system. Drop-out and

failure rates decreased in the target communities.

Lessons Learned

Evaluations conducted throughout the grant period

proved a necessary tool for fine-tuning project goals.

Between the first and second year, the scope of the

project was narrowed. Once the basic goals of the

project were met, an additional component was added

to include working with the municipality.

Recognizing that alliances among diverse actors

would yield positive results, Minetti encouraged networks of public and private institutions. The autonomy of each entity was respected, and the shared

resources, information and experiences benefited all

involved. The entire educational community -- teachers, technicians, authorities, parents, children and

adolescents -- as well as the general public, contributed in distinct ways to the success of the project.

Due to the diverse processes of the organizations,

Minetti was challenged with formulating a systematized approach to training and providing for the

exchange of ideas. With the benefit of several years

in which to solidify the project, Minetti succeeded in

tackling additional social problems with effective

strategies.

26
27

Bolivia

Grantee: Mancomunidad Héroes de la

Independencia (BO-474)

Promoting community development 

Grant amount: $230,500

Background

The municipal governments of San Lorenzo, El

Puente, Uriondo and Yunchará in the department of

Tarija, Bolivia, had worked together to address

their communities’ needs through a local development program. In response to that program’s termination, the Mancomunidad de Gobiernos

Municipales “Héroes de la Independencia”

(Mancomunidad) was formed. The

Mancomunidad’s membership includes the four

municipal governments, several nongovernmental

organizations also based in the department of

Tarija, grassroots support organizations, and businesses supporting the member organizations’ production and marketing activities. The

Mancomunidad strives to increase the efficiency

and effectiveness of its initiatives through joint

planning and project implementation and complementary use of available resources. 

The IAF awarded a three-and-a-half-year grant in

1999 for the Mancomunidad to carry out activities

aimed at improving the quality of life in the four

municipal areas. The Instituto de Investigación y

Capacitación Campesina (IICCA), a nonprofit

social development institution, provided technical

support and contributed financially to the project.

The Mancomunidad, through its member organizations, sought to strengthen its ability as a planning

and coordination entity supporting economic development activities in beneficiary municipalities. Its

grant agreement was amended three times, including two time extensions, and the grant ended in

June 2004. 

Objectives and Results

The Mancomunidad planned to establish a unit to

provide technical and logistical support for its collaborative activities and local development initiatives. A team would determine the feasibility of

specific projects and draft a unified operating plan.

Twelve social and production projects were developed. Six projects, varying from literacy training to

civic participation with a focus on gender, were

financed. Funding was provided by a combination

of the international public sector, private international organizations, Bolivian organizations and

local NGOs. A development plan was formulated

for the years 2001-2005. Three informational

newsletters detailing the plan were produced and

disseminated. 

Several organizations joined the Mancomunidad in

inter-institutional technical team meetings. Further

meetings among the Mancomunidad, IICCA,

Asociación Social and the private firm

Comercializadora y Consultora del Sur were geared

toward consolidating financial resources and project management for the Mancomunidad development plan. 

A credit program, Solidarity Capitalization Fund

(FONCASOL), was envisioned to finance the

income-generating initiatives of 2,400 families.

Loans would be provided to individuals and groups

for craft, vegetable, fruit and livestock production

and marketing. It was hoped that access to credit

would enable families to increase their incomes by

approximately 10 percent per year. Representing 99

communities, 3,258 people received credit as well

as technical assistance with credit management and

FONCASOL methods. A total of 2,850 beneficiaries experienced an increase in income of between

10 and 15 percent. In general they managed their

loans satisfactorily and used them for productive

initiatives. 
Beneficiaries and administrators received training

appropriate to their respective roles in the credit

program. Approximately 145 beneficiaries attended

workshops in administration, planning and evaluation. While 300 credit administrators were projected to receive training, 198 participated in training

workshops in leadership and credit management.

Twelve municipality-wide workshops for administrators, community leaders and grassroots members

focused on leadership and credit. 

Once FONCASOL was established, it became necessary to plan for its administration beyond the

period of IAF’s support. Several meetings were

held on the municipal and zonal levels to exchange

ideas and analyze proposals for the program’s

future. Its administrative body, Asociación de

Fortalecimiento Organizacional FONCASOL, was

formed. Official rules and regulations were completed after the close of the project. 

Lessons Learned

Realizing that they could not meet their goals on

their own, the members of Mancomunidad joined

forces with other organizations to carry out their

development plan. It was clear that good communication among the various public and private entities

was essential for the success of their initiatives. 

Because they felt that community priorities were

being addressed by the Mancomunidad and its

allies, the beneficiaries responded positively to the

credit program. They were also more likely to

honor credit agreements because of strong community ties. 

Although the process was long and somewhat complex, laying the foundation for beneficiaries to

manage the credit program became perhaps the

most important task during the project.

28
29

Grantee: Fundação Acesita para o

Desenvolvimento Social (BR-772)

Building community participation in Valle del

Acero

Grant amount: $297,226

Background

Founded in 1994, Fundação Acesita para o

Desenvolvimento Social (“Acesita”) is a philanthropic organization based in the municipality of

Timoteo, Valle del Acero, in Minas Gerais. Acesita

conducts programs in education, culture, community action, health and environmental education. In

1997 Acesita decided to seek outside funding, thus

laying the groundwork for its proposal to the IAF.

The “Valle Ciudadanía” program began in 1999 to

address capacity-building and volunteerism.

Through the collaborative project, involving community leaders, municipal government and corporations, among others, the grantee sought to teach

regional social assistance organizations to reduce

their dependence on donations. The grant agreement was amended several times, and the project

was completed in 2003.

Objectives and Results

The project’s main objective was strengthening a

network of social organizations to promote local

development in Valle del Acero by training leaders,

technicians and volunteers, and expanding mechanisms for community participation and impact on

public policy. A total of 42 community organizations representing 15 municipalities participated in

the project. There were three main components: (1)

training in management, financial resources, program planning and monitoring, networking, and citizenship building; (2) a regional center to train volunteers to work in social organizations; and (3)

Brazil

support for the production and marketing of

bananas by ACOPAT, a community association of

41 families of small farmers. 

The project surpassed its initial goals in training. It

was expected to benefit 180 people but had a total

of 901 beneficiaries of whom 632 were women and

269 were men (of these, 353 women and 180 men

applied their knowledge and skills). Among the

15,421 people (versus the 4,095 originally projected) who benefited from the knowledge and skills

attained were children, adolescents, disabled people, poor families and drug addicts. 

With its social development component, the grantee

aimed to expand services through training and the

creation of a volunteer center. Through a series of

seminars, 180 low-income base group leaders from

different organizations would increase their financial, managerial and programmatic capacity. It was

hoped that course participants would then disseminate the training information throughout the region.

The creation of a database and volunteer center,

managed by the public, private and civil society

sectors, would enable these leaders to maximize

community resources. Although this component did

not have quantitative goals at the outset, 79 youth

and 168 adults participated in volunteer activities.

In addition to creating support mechanisms for

future volunteer efforts, nine events were organized

for the general public to donate toys, school materials and winter clothing.

The third project component, with a focus on

increasing the banana yield an additional 5,130

kilograms per month and increasing candy production, did not achieve desired results. representing a

three-fold increase in production. The candy processing plant was modernized and received new

equipment, improving technical and sanitary conditions. Through 300 hours of training, 41 families

would learn to operate it, standardizing production.

However, lack of organization and manpower pre-
30

vented any increase in output. Although the plant

planned to hire 12 new people, no new jobs were

created. In fact, only three of the six existing jobs

were retained. Likewise, banana production

remained the same even though a 300 percent

growth had been anticipated. The grantee had

hoped to achieve a 200 percent increase in income

for 41 families but the income levels remained

unchanged. In addition, by the end of the project

only 10 families were members of ACOPAT, a significant reduction. 

Lessons Learned

An extensive study of the participating institutions

and beneficiaries is required to plan activities suited

to their goals. From the beginning, organizations

should have clear objectives as well as the methods

and tools to implement and achieve positive results.

If the beneficiary organizations had participated in

the planning stage, success would have been more

likely due to shared responsibility. Additionally, a

project of this magnitude would have benefited

from at least five years of planning. 

Because the project involved organizations spread

throughout a wide geographic region, difficulties

were encountered with regard to participation and

monitoring of project activities. Project administrators stressed the importance of a regular flow of

information for appropriate adjustments and revisions to the overall project. It was also noted that

rural organization activities should be approached

differently than those in an urban setting. 

By the end of the project, some of the participating

organizations demonstrated their appreciation for

working with other groups by disseminating

acquired knowledge to other base groups in the

region. True to the project’s goals, the importance

of volunteerism was underscored by the formation

of new relationships between volunteers and associations. 
31

waste management by the community, and leadership development. 

The grantee, in conjunction with two large and 15

small businesses, conducted 21 evaluation studies

in environmental contamination. Five impact studies were performed in different communities.

Educational posters, pamphlets and flyers were produced for dissemination.

Representatives of community and neighborhood

groups, businesses, and local governments joined to

form five community leadership councils with five

to seven members each. Council members also participated in project activities. For example, a council member would work with a noted community

farmer to create a demonstration plot. The plot

would serve as a teaching tool for other farmers

who observed its success and were motivated to

achieve similar results. Visitors also learned about

the area’s resources by observing the plots.

Another component of the project focused on

Cañada Gurabo, a poor migrant community on the

northern edge of Santiago. The plan entailed building an effluent transport system and treatment

plants. With the participation and financing of the

municipal government, plans were also made to

eliminate 10 community dumps so that new, safer

dumps and collection facilities could be created and

regular collection services implemented. A total of

35 community dumps were eliminated. Collection

services to the 45,000 people in the project area

increased from 30 to 100 percent. There was also a

reduction in vector-based disease for the 250 families living closest to the dumps. 

Other project activities included installing residual

water collectors, cleaning septic tanks and repairing

roads and bridges. 

Grantee: Sociedad Ecológica del Cibao, Inc.

(DR-310)

Undertaking environmental initiatives 

Grant amount: $283,639

Background

The Sociedad Ecológica del Cibao Inc. (SOECI) is

a regional nonprofit environmental conservation

association whose mission is to improve the quality

of life, protect the environment and promote sustainable development in the province of Cibao.

SOECI has successfully implemented programs in

the conservation and management of a protected

forest area, agro-forestry projects, studies and

research on environmental problems, and education

and community outreach in urban Santiago, a city

located approximately 60 miles north of Santo

Domingo.

In 1999, the IAF awarded a four-year grant to

SOECI for an integrated urban-rural environmental

and education project that would create community-government alliances in the design and implementation of projects. The grantee aimed to

improve living conditions for more than 76,000 residents in Santiago and its environs.

Objectives and Results

The educational component of the project was

geared toward long-term results such as improved

knowledge about, and altered practices in, sanitation. With community groups, local schools and

business SOECI planned to carry out over 400 educational activities in environmental issues. By project’s end, SOECI surpassed its goal by over 220.

Opportunities for training were presented in a variety of forms such as courses, fora, camps, and documentaries. Topics included organic fertilizer production, soil conservation, deforestation, solid

Dominican Republic
32

Lessons Learned

Tackling environmental problems requires the

active participation of diverse governmental, private sector and community-based groups. Project

administrators realized that such multi-sector and

inter-institutional collaborations posed challenges

but at the same time helped to bring environmental issues to the forefront of various institutions. 

A meeting was held among community leaders,

SOECI leadership and project technicians at the

end of the grant period to discuss the impact of the

project during its three years. Participants agreed

that while the project established a strong foundation for environmental awareness, it was important

to use the skills and knowledge obtained to continue addressing those issues in the future.
33

factors led to Camari’s decision to seek assistance

from outside sources.

In 2002, the IAF awarded CAMARI a two-year

grant through which CAMARI would increase its

wholesaling capabilities and identify new market

opportunities to help increase the income of smallscale artisans and farmers throughout Ecuador.1

The objective was to assist producers reaching markets which traditionally had been inaccessible, thus

enabling them to increase their income by an average of 17 percent. The grantee sought to benefit

approximately 50,000 small-scale farmers and artisans, predominately women, organized into 140

grassroots organizations throughout the country.

The project would include training and technical

assistance to improve the quality and handling of

the beneficiaries’ production and their ability to use

new marketing channels, such as the Internet. 

Activities and Results

Activities planned were geared toward improving

market access, enhancing the quality and variety of

products offered by the local organizations, expanding the number of local organizations receiving

services and introducing new marketing tools to

broaden the demand for the beneficiaries’ products.

The goal of expanding the market was to allow producers to offer their products where consumers routinely shop, instead of being limited to specialty

stores. Emphasis would be on developing new

products or improving established products in order

to compete in the international market.

Additionally, new grassroots groups would be contacted, evaluated and invited to partner with

CAMARI in marketing their products.

CAMARI also sought to increase its purchasing

fund, thus enabling it to acquire the volume and

Grantee: Camari, Sistema Solidario de

Comercialización del FEPP (EC-382)

Expanding the market for small-scale producers 

Grant amount: $300,000

Background

Since 1970, the Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum

Progressio (FEPP), a private institution funded by

the Ecuadorian Episcopal Conference, has supported small Ecuadorian producers with credit, instruction and technical assistance. The Sistema Solidario

de Comercialización del FEPP (Solidarity

Marketing System of FEPP), also known as

CAMARI, Quichua for pleasure or gift, was organized in 1981 as a nation-wide marketing service for

the products of grassroots organizations receiving

support from FEPP. Today, CAMARI operates sales

outlets in three cities, a warehouse for packaging

and storage, and a wholesale marketing service to

promote international sales. 

When CAMARI came to the attention of the IAF,

the Ecuador economy had been seriously suffering

for several years. In 2000, a national financial and

banking crisis had resulted in the freezing of

accounts throughout Ecuador and later the adoption

of the U.S. dollar as the new currency. These largescale economic woes hit everyone hard but seemed

to most severely affect the large majority struggling

to overcome poverty. For these people, economic

difficulties became just one more shockingly clear

reason to distrust Ecuadorian institutions and leaders. CAMARI also suffered in this crisis, with its

purchasing fund drastically reduced. Although it

managed to recuperate somewhat by 2001, it could

not recover enough to meet the demands of its beneficiary organizations. The combination of these

Ecuador

3 Camari received a grant (EC-279) from the IAF in 1991 to expand its services.
34

variety of products to be marketed and to respond

quickly to changing demand patterns. 

Before this project began, 75 grassroots and 18 second-tier supplier organizations were working with

CAMARI. By the end of the project, these numbers

had increased to 143 grassroots and 29 second-tier

supplier organizations. The number of individual

beneficiaries increased 115 percent, surpassing the

project goals by 50 percent. The purchasing fund

increased by 56 percent, with a 47 percent increase

in sales. More specifically, agricultural products

increased in sales, both nationally and internationally, as a result of project activities. Artisan products, however, were not as successful; a strong dollar made Ecuadorian products less competitive in

neighboring countries. Artisan product sales

dropped 28 percent during the project. 

Training events in the form of workshops, short

courses, field demonstrations, hands-on practices,

neighbor-to-neighbor exchanges and on-site technical assistance were held in 22 organizations, 13 of

them on general topics and nine on specific topics.

Thirteen producer groups were trained in accounting systems which continue to be used. 

CAMARI also planned to renovate and expand its

processing and storage facility in Quevedo to serve

a larger beneficiary population. While the facilities

and equipment were updated to meet the standards

required to preserve and store regional agricultural

products, the purchases made for the Quevedo

facility represented only 12 percent of the project’s

goals. Therefore, at the end of the project administrators were deciding whether to rent the facility to

other regional organizations or sell the unit and use

the profits to increase operating funds. 

CAMARI purchased digital photography equipment

and computers for 13 regional organizations in

order to develop catalogs and display products to

potential buyers through the Internet. Fourteen

electronic catalogs were introduced on CAMARI’s

Web site and 13 organizations of small-scale producers were able maintain and update and their

own catalogs. 

Lessons Learned

A change in attitude was necessary for small-scale

producers in Ecuador to have the best chance at

promoting and selling their products. Alternative

commerce was meant to encourage artisans and

farmers to shift to more active roles and give them

a stronger voice in managing the marketing

process. It became clear throughout the project that

continual improvement of products already on the

market, as well as development of new products,

would enable beneficiary producers to continue

competing in expanding markets. 

Marketing products online was a lesson learned by

producers in terms of maximizing available

resources. With additional support and technical

assistance from the Multilateral Investment Fund of

the Inter-American Development Bank, electronic

commerce became a key element in this project’s

success.
35

training workshops on various topics. The training

component was somewhat hampered by difficulties

such as low academic levels, a lack of importance

given by some of the participants to the classes,

scheduling conflicts and drop-outs. Despite those

obstacles, about 500 people participated in training

on credit management, agriculture, manufacturing,

literacy and health. ADIT’s strategy included training local leaders to continue educational work in

their communities after the project’s end. 

Another component of the project focused on providing loans to small enterprises and community

banks for income-generating activities.

Approximately 700 individuals, mostly low-income

indigenous men and women organized in community and solidarity banks, were projected to receive

loans from ADIT. While project administrators

encountered some resistance to change --participants who may have received gifts in the past had

to adjust to the concept of credit-- a total of 751

loans were extended, mainly for agricultural production. Participants were also encouraged to

develop the habit of saving money. Although additional technical assistance would have improved the

credit program by providing follow-up for the beneficiaries, the financial capital generated through

savings and revolving funds allowed the credit

activities to continue. 

ADIT had previously worked with the branch of

the national Ministry of Education responsible for

literacy training, CONALFA, to form 25 community literacy organizations. Interestingly, this collaboration was considered a limiting factor as the methods used by CONALFA were not suitable for the

beneficiary population in terms of content and period. However, in order to be properly accredited by

the Ministry, the literacy programs were required to

follow the CONALFA work plan. In all, 202 men

and 562 women benefited from literacy training in

Mam and in Spanish.

Grantee: Asociación de Desarrollo Integral

Tíneco (GT-255)

Fostering rural community development 

Grant amount: $145,015

Background

The indigenous Mam population inhabits the San

Martín Sacatepéquez municipality in the department of Quetzaltenango. Compared with other ethnic groups in the country, the Mam have one of the

highest levels of illiteracy at 45 percent. The

Asociación de Desarrollo Integral Tíneco (ADIT)

is a second-level grassroots membership organization comprised of community development associations and their members (primarily small-scale

farmers and artisans) from communities in San

Martín Sacatepéquez. Founded in 1991, ADIT’s

main objective is to improve living conditions

through training, small loans, literacy, and project

development in small-business management, community organization, agriculture and health. 

In 1999 the IAF awarded a three-year grant to

ADIT to improve living standards and organizational capacity in 26 communities of San Martín

Sacatepéquez. ADIT planned to provide small loans

and offer training for its members, and collaborate

with the municipal government to plan, mobilize

resources and implement community infrastructure

projects. It was hoped that project activities would

increase local production and income, improve

health and education levels, and make community

organizations stronger and better equipped to collaborate on local development initiatives. The grant

was amended four times and ended in November of

2003. 

Objectives and Results

ADIT planned to train approximately 700 lowincome men and women by organizing about 30

Guatemala
36

ADIT achieved the goal of increasing its membership from 416 to 1,116 people. By the end of the

project, 75 work groups were distributed throughout 24 communities.

Lessons Learned

ADIT learned that outside factors can sometimes

deter the completion of project goals. For example,

the electoral process interfered with some project

activities since municipalities in general dedicated

their efforts to local political campaigns. There was

also no guarantee that the winning party would fulfill promises made by the outgoing mayor. 

Realizing that civil society should participate in the

design of plans and development policies in accordance with the needs of the communities, ADIT

successfully built a relationship with the San

Martín Sacatepéquez municipality. The alliance was

enough to attract the interest of the San Miguel

Aguacatan municipality in the department of

Huehuetenango, which approached the grantee to

observe its achievements. 
37

Grantee: Fundación Hondureña para la

Protección y Conservación de Cayos 

Cochinos (HO-228)

Improving conservation in the Cayos Cochinos

Biological Reserve 

Grant amount: $303,000

Background

Located approximately 10 kilometers from the

north coast of Honduras, the Cayos Cochinos

encompass two small forested islands and 12 sand

keys, as well as surrounding coral reefs, seagrass

beds and other underwater habitats. In 1993 a team

of business leaders concerned with the conservation

of the Honduran coast and its wildlife, together

with the Swiss conservation foundation AVINA,

formed the Fundación Hondureña para la

Protección y Conservación de Cayos Cochinos

(FHCC), a nonprofit environmental foundation. 

FHCC successfully lobbied the Honduran government to obtain protection for the islands and in

November 1993 the Cayos Cochinos and its surrounding areas -- embracing 460 square kilometers

-- were legally recognized as a biological reserve.

FHCC’s objective is to preserve the Cayos

Cochinos Biological Reserve through overseeing

scientific research, working in collaboration with

government and other entities to develop and carry

out a management plan for the Reserve, and supporting community development in and around the

Reserve. 

In August of 1998, the IAF awarded a grant to

FHCC to improve the sustainable preservation of

the Reserve by addressing the development needs

of the six communities that have traditionally lived

and fished there. Hurricane Mitch struck in October

1998 with devastating effects throughout Central

America, including Cayos Cochinos. As a result,

the initial phase of the project was delayed. The

grant was amended twice and ended in 2003. 

Objectives and Results

FHCC worked with the communities to assess their

priorities, memorializing the outcome with signed

agreements. Community projects and training

would focus on income- generation, fish marketing,

organization, project management, fisheries and

environmental management, health services

(including emergency first-aid), sanitation, communications, navigation and other areas identified.

FHCC anticipated that activities would improve the

education, health, and income of the estimated 500

community residents as well as strengthen the natural resource base of the Cochinos Reserve. By

addressing local development needs and involving

surrounding communities in the management of the

Cayos Cochinos, the project would contribute to

the social and ecological sustainability of the

Reserve. 

Systems for drinking water were constructed and/or

strengthened in three Cayos Cochinos communities

and four dry land communities, benefiting more

than 6,000 people. Six communities around the

Reserve benefited from the installation of radio

communication networks, implementation of solid

waste treatment systems and production of organic

fertilizer. An estimated 6,000 men, women and

children participated in environmental educational

activities related to use of the Reserve’s natural

resources. The project also supported the construction of 42 housing units in one of the communities.

Health fairs were held four times per year for the

duration of the project. 

Community leaders participated in training programs and shared their experiences in national and

international settings. A new committee of grassroots development organizations included leaders

from the six Cayos Cochinos communities. Another

Honduras
38

accomplishment was the formation and strengthening of partnership for community development and

resource conservation initiatives. 

Lessons Learned

Because the beneficiary communities use the

Reserve’s natural resources, FHCC learned that it

was important to find a link between conservation

and community development. FHCC’s training and

education focused on those areas. Working with the

communities on planning ensured the project’s

overall effectiveness. 

The strategic alliances formed were instrumental in

expanding project goals, resulting in meeting

expectations in conservation, sanitation and community development. The project served as an

example of private sector investment in sustainable

community development which could be replicated

elsewhere.
39

Grantee: La Asociación Civil Centro de Estudios

para el Desarrollo Rural-Promoción y

Desarrollo Social, A.C. (ME-430)

Strengthening the role of women in business in

the indigenous communities of the Sierra Norte of

Puebla

Grant amount: $194,010

Background

The Asociación Civil Centro de Estudios para el

Desarrollo Rural-Promoción y Desarrollo Social,

A.C. (CESDER) is a nongovernmental organization

that works with the indigenous community of the

Sierra Norte of Puebla. CESDER’s objective is to

improve the standard of living of predominately

Nahuat people through training and technical assistance for productive and income generating activities. Among CESDER’s efforts to support microenterprises has been the creation of a credit fund,

known as Tapeleuij.

Over the course of a three-year collaboration with

women’s organizations in the Zautla and

Ixtacamaxtitlán regions, CESDER learned about

the sometimes harsh realities faced by women in

business. Noted was the lack of the following:

financial resources; experience in managing those

resources (for fear of not being able to pay debts);

technical training to improve production quality;

efficient production processes; access to innovative

technology; understanding of relevant gender

issues; and experience in negotiating with potential

clients. CESDER proposed a project to improve the

standard of living of some 3,000 people by extending credit, training and marketing assistance to

1,500 Nahuat women. The three-year grant awarded in 1999 was amended five times at no cost and

the project ended in February 2004. 

Objectives and Results

The main objective was to train women to establish

and run businesses, and ensure their sustainability,

and increase the participation of women in development. Specifically, CESDER planned to establish

two lines of credit through Tapeleuij supporting the

advancement of women micro-entrepreneurs in the

form of investment capital for start-up micro-enterprises and working capital for existing enterprises.

CESDER also planned to provide technical training

in management for micro-entrepreneurs through

formal courses as well as individual, enterprise-specific instruction based on needs identified by the

beneficiary. CESDER planned to develop a formal

marketing strategy for all microcredit beneficiaries,

including an analysis of sales possibilities in the

regional, national and international marketplace.

The marketing specialists would identify, develop

and manage locations for the loan beneficiaries’

products. 

A total of 46 regional micro-enterprises, 64 percent

of the membership, received loans from Tapaleuij.

By the end of the project, 378 individuals (56 percent of them women), divided into 24 groups, participated in the program of community banks begun

in 2000. The credit program met with some difficulties with loan repayment during its second year.

A possible explanation is that CESDER provided

grants, in addition to loans (through Tapaleuij), and

that beneficiaries could not easily distinguish

between the two. CESDER worked on strategies

for increasing the rate of repayment, and by the end

of the project improvement was noted. 

Among the most significant results of the project

was the creation of two cooperatives: Tozepan

Pankizaske, comprised of 11 microenterprises in

diverse fields, and Nuevo Amanecer, a grouping of

21 community banks. The former focused its efforts

on marketing, in addition to technical and manageMexico
40

ment training. The Tozepan Pankizaske cooperative

proved sustainable and continued to become

stronger. Its small size was ideal for following each

participant closely and monitoring progress. The

main interest of the cooperative members was an

increase in sales. This did not happen during the

grant period, but members will continue their

efforts in the future. Nonfinancial benefits reported

include the experience gained by the workers, the

formation of solid work teams, the creation of the

credit fund, and CESDER’s support. While there

were several staff changes near the beginning of the

project, by the last two and a half years personnel,

mostly local with strong ties to the community, had

stabilized, strengthening the program.

Nuevo Amanecer concentrated its efforts on one

industry: pottery-making. CESDER planned to

oversee Nuevo Amanecer’s general operation, with

the understanding that the cooperative would gradually operate completely independently. Members

of the community banks were encouraged to

include women in management positions. The

women members, in addition, were required to participate in training on gender issues. Nuevo

Amanecer’s advantage over Tozepan Pankizaske

was that it had only one “product” (community

banks) with a single focus (pottery-making). This

made measuring results easier, even though the

cooperative was formed near the end of the project

and long-range results were yet to be determined. 

Originally a component of CESDER, the marketing

program eventually became a separate micro-enterprise and a member of the Tozepan Pankizaske

cooperative. By the end of the project, 17 microenterprises were receiving some form of assistance

in training, credit and/or marketing. It was hoped

that in the future the micro-enterprises would have

the ability to pay for marketing services. In addition, 27 sales locations were created in seven

regions. There were some difficulties associated

with product selection. For example, the marketing

program chose to support production and consumption of amaranth, a highly nutritious plant, although

the average consumer preferred less expensive

alternatives. Nonetheless, CESDER continued to

make efforts to promote the consumption of amaranth because of its nutritional benefits. 

Lessons Learned

Project planners learned that it was important to

take into account the realities of their beneficiaries.

They should be flexible and revise project goals, if

necessary. For example, the credit fund initially

was intended to provide loans to women only.

However, men managed to obtain the funds borrowed by women who remained responsible for

repayment. Ultimately this arrangement did not

improve the condition of the woman in the family,

so the credit program was adjusted to include both

men and women as borrowers. 

By monitoring the participating groups closely,

CESDER provided guidance through difficult situations. It was anticipated that the members of the

cooperatives would acquire the skills necessary to

gradually take over the operation. CESDER also

sought the participation of youths in the region, a

wise strategy considering their strong presence in

the community and interest in the future success of

the project.

Gender-specific results were best described in

broad terms. Gradual changes were observed, such

as women’s participation, which was previously

nonexistent, and their increased decision-making.

CESDER acknowledged that much work still needed to be done. Holding open discussions on gender

issues between men and women was considered a

step toward strengthening women’s roles in business. 
41

mately 500 beneficiaries per year over three years,

to enable them to strengthen or launch their enterprises (in agriculture and other production, marketing, and services) and to improve their living conditions through better income and housing. Credit

recipients would be provided at least 50 training

sessions on various topics. Ongoing evaluations of

the credit program would measure its impact. 

A technical team was created in each of the four

municipalities and 50 coordination meetings were

held, distributed among the target communities.

Ten social investment projects resulted from the

technical teams’ work. Throughout the course of

the project, 1,647 loans were awarded to individuals and groups representing 1,779 micro-entreprises. The communities, municipal governments and

other entities contributed to the social investment

fund. At the close of the project, 506 active credit

clients remained, dispersed throughout the four

municipalities in economic sectors such as agriculture, service and housing improvement. The value

of the fund increased 40 percent over the four years

of the grant. 

Among the activities conducted were the construction of new homes, installation of home electrical

systems and telephone service, and roof repairs.

The high demand for such improvements led to the

creation of new jobs. In addition, jobs were preserved due to the credit extended to carpentry

shops, bakeries, manufacturers of leather goods,

and to service activities such as car-washes and

transportation. Another benefit of the credit component was an increase in earnings for the microenterprises. 

Community organization, soil and water conservation, and animal health were some of the topics of

the training classes provided to 3,484 men and

women. Variety was important in order to reach as

many beneficiaries as possible. 

Grantee: Sociedad de Servicios Integrales para

el Desarrollo Rural “Espino Blanco” y

Compañía Limitada (NC-230)

Helping rural communities recover from a natural disaster 

Grant amount: $353,550

Background

Established in 1996, the Sociedad de Servicios

Integrales para el Desarrollo Rural “Espino

Blanco” y Compañía Limitada (Espino Blanco)

works to support economic and social development

in western Nicaragua. After Hurricane Mitch

wreaked havoc throughout Central America in

1998, Espino Blanco responded by formulating

long-term solutions. In March 2000, the IAF

awarded Espino Blanco a four-year grant to enable

the people of the department of León to recover

from the hurricane by strengthening community

organizations, improving environmental conditions,

and creating and administering a small loan fund in

collaboration with the municipal governments of

Telica, La Paz Centro, Nagarote and León. The

fund was intended to provide credit, technical assistance, and training to rural participants for both

new and established rural micro-enterprises, directly benefiting more than 8,000 individuals and indirectly benefiting 30,000. 

Objectives and Results

Espino Blanco formulated a multi-layered plan to

accomplish its objectives. Technical teams would

be formed for institutional coordination and

alliance building. A credit and social investment

fund would promote and support production and

conservation activities in direct response to the hurricane. Potential beneficiaries would be identified

and low-income entrepreneurs informed of the

fund. The plan included small loans to approxiNicaragua
42

In addition to alliances with the municipal governments of León, Telica, La Paz Centro and Nagarote,

relationships were formed with other government

and educational entities, such as the Ministerio

Agropecuario y Forestal and the Universidad

Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. 

Lessons Learned

The formation of strategic alliances was a noteworthy accomplishment because rather than providing

short-term solutions to the effects of the natural disaster, the different actors were likely to continue

working together for the future benefit of the entire

region. In Nagarote, for example, Espino Blanco

became a member of the municipality’s development

committee, signaling its active participation in local

development. 

The social investment fund, consisting of resources

from local government, the communities and other

donors, assisted the target beneficiaries in resolving

problems of highest priority to them. Rural residents

received more than half of these resources (53 percent) because they had suffered disproportionately

from the devastating effects of the hurricane. 
43

Grantee: Instituto Promoción y Desarrollo

Agrario (PU-508)

Supporting Agricultural Production in Jicamarca

Grant amount: $284,800

Background

Established in 1991, the Instituto Promoción y

Desarrollo Agrario (IPDA) is a sector-specific nongovernmental organization specializing in agriculture and based in Lima, Peru. IPDA’s objective is to

implement agricultural development projects that

help poor people solve their economic and social

problems. Since its inception, IPDA has managed

numerous agricultural and reforestation projects

funded by Peruvian and international development

agencies. 

IPDA has received two grants from the IAF. The

first, a two-year grant in 1999 to help 1,000 families in the Cono Sur, on the southern outskirts of

Lima, convert unused wasteland into arable land on

which to grow crops for the surrounding communities, and to teach the people how to breed and raise

small animals for food. The second was a two-year

grant awarded in 2001 to expand the market and

increase the value of the local crops. The latter was

extended an additional six months. Both projects

focused on the farming community of Jicamarca. 

Objectives and Results

The first project successfully consolidated a process

for breeding and raising cuyes, or guinea pigs, and

black-belly sheep, and developed a plan for putting

available lands belonging to the community recreational center to productive use. 

The broad objective of the second project was to

help increase salaries for the beneficiaries and to

strengthen the marketing of the crops produced during the first project. It was hoped that the construction and operation of a fresh vegetable and meat

processing plant in the Jicamarca community would

lead to achievement of the project’s goals, which

included the creation of 10 full-time jobs and

improvement of sanitary conditions of the produce

for market and community kitchens. The project

was divided into three functional categories: production, marketing, and technical assistance and

training. 

The grantee sold 200 guinea pigs per month to the

company “The Green Farmer” for export.

Additional clients included area restaurants, which

bought a minimum 480 cuyes per month. At its

peak, the project had close to 4,000 animals; at the

end of the project, however, there were about 1,500

animals due to the unavailability of water for the

pastures. Farmers benefited from the unexpected

increase in demand for cuyes. By the end of the

project, the community was involved in the certification process for exporting the cuyes directly. 

In the first two semesters of the project, 21 new

jobs were created. Four individuals whose salaries

were paid by the community worked full-time on

the project. Because of the success of the project,

they received raises in the third semester. 

Specialized training was provided in agricultural

topics related to the project, such as raising small

animals (especially cuyes) and processing products

including nectar and jelly. Individuals were also

trained in techniques for marketing their products.

The operators of the community kitchens were

trained in food preparation. 

Lessons Learned

The willingness of various outside entities to contribute to the project was an indication of its

strength. In addition to the IAF, two Peruvian companies collaborated by providing financial

Peru
44

resources to support guinea pig production.

Additionally, a Peruvian agricultural institution

donated 20 male cuyes to improve the breed. 

A Peruvian NGO studied the IPDA project and its

focus on overcoming poverty through agriculture.

The results of the study created the incentive for

new projects that replicated IPDA’s strategy in

other parts of Lima’s eastern cone. It was hoped

that new projects would commence in the months

following dissemination of the study’s findings. 

Due to the success of the two projects, IPDA has

planned for a third project which would convert the

processing center into a focal point for production

in Lima’s eastern zone. The lessons from the two

projects provide valuable resources for future

endeavors. 
45

Grantee: Equipo de Formación, Información y

Publicaciones (VZ-182)

Supporting Youth Employment Initiatives 

Grant amount: $100,000

Background

Equipo de Formación, Información y Publicaciones

(EFIP) is a private, nongovernmental organization

founded in 1972 by a small team of young adults

interested in responding to the growing need for

employment and educational services among the

urban youth of Venezuela. EFIP has focused on

providing youths with information and training in

education, community development and employment through a series of integrated programs over

the last 20 years. The IAF awarded EFIP a threeyear grant in 2001 to improve the standard of living

of approximately 450 low-income youths in the

municipality of San Francisco de Zulia through job

training and placement in a variety of trades. 

Objectives and Results

Candidates for the project were selected based on

the results of a thorough interview and entrance

examination. Because applicants outnumbered

available slots, EFIP designed the selection process

to select those most likely to succeed in the program. A total of 458 youths between the ages of 15

and 25 representing 53 poor communities of San

Francisco participated in the project, which consisted of three main components: training, apprenticeships and family support groups.

The training programs were designed to raise each

of the participating youths to a level that would

ensure overall success in the program and in future

employment. A total of 96 hours of remedial academic classes were taught in reading, writing and

mathematics, based on the individual results of the

entrance examination. Another 96 hours of classes

were related to self-esteem, alcoholism, workers’

rights and conflict resolution. The grantee also

planned workshops in the basic skills necessary to

work in highly employable trades. More than 700

hours of training were provided in six specialties

including carpentry and air-conditioner repair, with

the greatest enrollment in metal work and automobile repair. 

The building of alliances with micro-entrepreneurs

and workshop owners in San Francisco was fundamental in guaranteeing the youths’ successful

entrance into the job market. EFIP planned to work

with a network of 150 local micro-entrepreneurs

who would offer the youths practical experience in

their chosen trades. The apprenticeship would also

serve to encourage a professional mentor and a

direct link to the future line of work. To further

support this goal, and facilitate their interaction

with the apprentices, EFIP would provide training

in mentoring to the participating micro-entrepreneurs. More than 300 micro-entrepreneurs and

workshop owners were contacted or visited during

the course of the project. An average of 50 per year

maintained active roles with EFIP. About 100 of

them took on the role of trade instructors. On-site

visits were the most effective way for youths to

learn skills for their trade; 9,160 such visits took

place over the life of the project. 

Certain portions of the apprenticeship program

encountered obstacles. EFIP planned to create

meeting spaces to facilitate the encounters between

apprentice and mentor. Additionally, an informational bulletin published for micro-entrepreneurs

would was meant to serve as a forum for discussing

common areas of interest and disseminating project

activities. Competing priorities for the businesses,

however, hampered progress and the meeting

spaces all but disappeared. The economic downturn

and political unrest that plagued Venezuela during

project period reduced work and personnel for

Venezuela
46

micro-enterprises and workshops, sometimes resulting in a complete shutdown. Nonetheless, the project was successful in providing the youths with the

necessary skills to enter the job market. 

Other activities were conducted throughout the

project to improve access to jobs. In conjunction

with other organizations, several events were held

to celebrate Labor Day; 300 current, prospective

and former project participants attended each year. 

In keeping with its belief that a stable home environment is critical to the youths’ success, EFIP

worked to win family support and to improve conditions at home. Family support groups communicated via telephone, meetings and individual conversations to deal with issues related to the development and stability of the participating youths. A

total of 75 family support meetings were held

among 25 youth groups. Each group held an initial

meeting to establish relationships and responsibilities, with intermediary and final meetings to evaluate the training process. EFIP also organized

fundraising events with the family support groups. 

Family members and friends reported several

changes in the participating youths, attributable to

the project’s activities. They noted improved communication skills and relationships with others, as

well as positive attitudes. Such changes were confirmed with EFIP personnel who described the

youths as quiet, timid and not particularly communicative at the beginning of the project, and more

self-confident and motivated to succeed at the end. 

Lessons Learned

A visit to four metal work micro-enterprises that

employed youths trained through the EFIP project

provided insight from the perspectives of the businesses, youths and project planners. The employers

were satisfied with the youths’ job performance and

expressed the need to include more youths.

Because micro-entrepreneurs provided hands-on

training, project administrators were able to channel resources to other activities. 

The participating youths expressed their gratitude

toward EFIP. Fifty per cent of them maintained

their employment or were successfully involved in

another industry because of the training that EFIP

provided. EFIP and different governmental, regional, municipal, neighborhood and business groups

formed important relationships with each other that

ultimately benefited the targeted beneficiaries. For

example, ties with business owners allowed youths

to enter the job market successfully. Community

organizations supported the project activities by

referring youths to EFIP and established contacts

with the participating micro-entrepreneurs and

workshop owners. Throughout the project the communities represented by the youths progressively

understood that the problem of youth unemployment affected not only individuals but the public in

general. 

Due to the diversity in levels of instruction and

among the youths themselves, it was important to

be flexible and to be aware that some youths simply had not been previously exposed to a culture of

work. Project administrators realized they had to

tailor classroom teaching methods to prevent youth

from leaving the program.

Another lesson learned was that one person’s

growth can make an impact on a larger group. The

youths who participated in the project benefited

individually from training that allowed them to

enter the job market. The wages provided by the

micro-entrepreneurs and workshop owners, together with a stipend provided by EFIP for transportation, food and other costs, allowed the youths to

contribute to their families as they never had

before. The entire family unit benefited from not

only the financial rewards but also from the shift in

attitudes and life goals. EFIP expected to replicate

the model in other parts of Venezuela, addressing

the youth employment issue on a much broader

scale. 
47

Appendix A - IAF New and

Supplemental Grants in FY 2004

In FY 2004, the IAF awarded 54 new and 34 supplemental grants (see Table A1) worth a grand total

of $12.6 million.4 New and supplemental grants to

NGOs and base groups were categorized in seven

program areas: agriculture/food production, business development/management, education/training,

community services (housing), ecodevelopment,

cultural expression, and research and dissemination.

Table A1: FY 2004 new and supplemental grants by program area 

(excluding RedEAmérica)

Program areas New 

grants

Supplements Combined 

amount 

(in$ 000s)

Business development/management 20 4 4,332

Education/training 16 11 3,423

Agriculture/food production 12 16 3,383

Research and dissemination 3 2 681

Cultural expression 2 - 578

Community services (housing) 1 - 155

Ecodevelopment - 1 40

Total 54 34 12,592

4 Excludes new grants and supplements awarded under the RedEAmérica initiative covered in Appendix B.

Table A2: New grants awarded in FY 2004 (excluding RedEAmerica)

Country

Number of 

new Grants

Amount

( in $ 000s)

Percentage 

of Funding

Argentina 6 762 6.0

Bolivia 5 1,106 8.8

Brazil 4 585 4.6

Chile 1 150 1.2

Ecuador 3 742 5.9

El Salvador 2 700 5.6

Guatemala 3 513 4.1

Mexico 8 2,299 18.3

Nicaragua 6 1,134 9.0

Panama 3 709 5.6

Paraguay 1 127 1.0

Peru 7 1,179 9.4

Venezuela 1 120 1.0

Regional grant 4 517 4.1

 Total 54 10,643 84.6
Appendix B - Cooperative

Agreements: RedEAmérica

In addition to its traditional program of grants to

NGOs and grassroots groups, the IAF funds the

Inter-American Network of Corporate Foundations

and Actions for Grassroots Development

(RedEAmérica), a network of corporate foundations and corporations dedicated to people-centered

grassroots development as the keystone for a poverty-reduction movement in the Americas. Created in

September 2002 with 25 members in 12 countries,

RedEAmérica grew to 35 members in FY 2003

then to 52 members in FY 2004. 

FY 2004 funding was channeled through six bilateral three-year cooperative agreements and six

amendments. These included amendments to the

agreements with Fundación Corona of Colombia

and Fundación Minetti of Argentina, for training

and learning programs identifying best practices for

supporting community organizations, standardizing

indicators and budgets, and developing the training

capability of RedEAmérica. Ten exchanges involving 19 member foundations resulted in understanding among members. 

A series of studies and workshops resulted in a definition of grassroots development, along with its

key principals, methods, applications and guides for

supporting community organizations, standardizing

project budgets and results measurement and

reporting. All are ready for application in 2005. 

Five new bilateral agreements, in Brazil, Colombia

and Uruguay contributed to promoting grassroots

development through the establishment of sub-grant

funds, equally financed by the IAF and the respective corporate foundation, in order to channel small

grants or loans to community organizations. In

most of these cases, IAF funding is successfully

encouraging member foundations to incorporate

grassroots development and this type of funding

strategy to their work with communities. 

Four amendments, in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and

Uruguay, contributed to the expansion of the capability of member foundations to continue offering

donations or loans to community organizations in

48

the Alto Bio-Bio, in Chile’s Region VIII, the

provinces of Loja, Imbabura, Pastaza and

Pichincha in Ecuador and in all the regions in

Mexico and Uruguay.
Appendix C ― Selected Additional Tables 

Table C1 - Number of beneficiaries reporting better living 

conditions by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 234 41% 339 59% 573 

Bolivia 11,058 48% 11,818 52% 22,876 

Brazil 2,116 48% 2,293 52% 4,409 

Ecuador 8,482 45% 10,324 55% 18,806 

El Salvador 1,979 50% 1,956 50% 3,935 

Guatemala 19,635 45% 23,554 55% 43,189 

Haiti 300 60% 200 40% 500 

Honduras 8,207 37% 14,159 63% 22,366 

Latin America 530 51% 500 49% 1,030 

Mexico 4,544 51% 4,287 49% 8,831 

Nicaragua 3,013 52% 2,782 48% 5,795 

Panama 1,199 53% 1,053 47% 2,252 

Peru 2,633 50% 2,647 50% 5,280 

Venezuela 16,520 50% 16,599 50% 33,119 

Total 80,450 47% 92,511 53% 172,961 

Table C2 - Number of beneficiaries with dietary 

improvements by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 424 42% 596 58% 1,020 

Bolivia 550 50% 550 50% 1,100 

Brazil 950 45% 1,151 55% 2,101 

Ecuador 350 51% 333 49% 683 

El Salvador 175 66% 89 34% 264 

Guatemala 1,673 45% 2,022 55% 3,695 

Honduras 2,194 52% 2,035 48% 4,229 

Mexico 777 45% 955 55% 1,732 

Nicaragua 1,445 49% 1,510 51% 2,955 

Panama 395 44% 512 56% 907 

Peru 234 38% 381 62% 615 

Venezuela 77 84% 15 16% 92 

Total 9,244 48% 10,149 52% 19,393 
Table C3 - Number of beneficiaries receiving medical 

attention by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Guatemala 7,343 28% 19,027 72% 26,370 

Honduras 959 41% 1,385 59% 2,344 

Mexico 775 38% 1,270 62% 2,045 

Panama 8 50% 8 50% 16 

Peru 122 33% 250 67% 372 

Venezuela 534 47% 600 53% 1,134 

Total 9,741 30% 22,540 70% 32,281 
Table C4a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring agricultural knowledge and/or 

Skills by sex and country, 2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 82 75% 28 25% 110 

Bolivia 1,867 56% 1,480 44% 3,347 

Brazil 434 45% 536 55% 970 

Caribbean 5 22% 18 78% 23 

Dominican 

Republic 111 91% 11 9% 122 

Ecuador 717 45% 871 55% 1,588 

El Salvador 582 64% 331 36% 913 

Guatemala 1,406 44% 1,816 56% 3,222 

Honduras 572 57% 440 43% 1,012 

Mexico 2,427 60% 1,621 40% 4,048 

Nicaragua 2,838 59% 1,933 41% 4,771 

Panama 491 77% 148 23% 639 

Peru 7,659 70% 3,234 30% 10,893 

Venezuela 114 86% 19 14% 133 

Total 19,305 61% 12,486 39% 31,791 

Table C4b - Number of beneficiaries applying agricultural 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 160 56% 128 44% 288 

Bolivia 1,369 60% 907 40% 2,276 

Brazil 1,288 56% 994 44% 2,282 

Dominican Republic 102 73% 38 27% 140 

Ecuador 3,175 49% 3,298 51% 6,473 

El Salvador 802 70% 339 30% 1,141 

Guatemala 2,030 55% 1,693 45% 3,723 

Honduras 1,501 44% 1,908 56% 3,409 

Mexico 2,235 64% 1,236 36% 3,471 

Nicaragua 1,413 60% 950 40% 2,363 

Panama 410 64% 228 36% 638 

Peru 3,280 69% 1,466 31% 4,746 

Venezuela 501 78% 142 22% 643 

Total 18,266 58% 13,327 42% 31,593 
Table C5a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring manufacturing knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 47 18% 214 82% 261 

Bolivia 127 42% 177 58% 304 

Brazil 47 12% 354 88% 401 

Caribbean 3 100% 0 0% 3 

Colombia 1 3% 36 97% 37 

Ecuador 3 4% 71 96% 74 

El Salvador 24 59% 17 41% 41 

Guatemala 0 0% 234 100% 234 

Haiti 53 63% 31 37% 84 

Honduras 4 6% 64 94% 68 

Jamaica 4 8% 47 92% 51 

Latin America 35 15% 205 85% 240 

Mexico 29 6% 468 94% 497 

Nicaragua 343 44% 433 56% 776 

Panama 6 13% 42 88% 48 

Peru 443 39% 701 61% 1,144 

Venezuela 96 82% 21 18% 117 

Total 1,265 29% 3,115 71% 4,380 

Table C5b - Number of beneficiaries applying manufacturing 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 32 22% 116 78% 148 

Bolivia 474 50% 483 50% 957 

Brazil 493 25% 1,443 75% 1,936 

Caribbean 3 100% 0 0% 3 

Ecuador 15 6% 220 94% 235 

El Salvador 57 47% 64 53% 121 

Guatemala 22 6% 321 94% 343 

Honduras 133 27% 366 73% 499 

Jamaica 3 11% 24 89% 27 

Latin 

America 30 23% 100 77% 130 

Mexico 65 9% 682 91% 747 

Nicaragua 5 18% 23 82% 28 

Panama 140 15% 812 85% 952 

Peru 150 53% 134 47% 284 

Venezuela 470 94% 32 6% 502 

Total 2,092 30% 4,820 70% 6,912 
Table C6a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring construction 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Bolivia 147 68% 70 32% 217 

Brazil 106 75% 35 25% 141 

Ecuador 19 41% 27 59% 46 

Guatemala 10 77% 3 23% 13 

Honduras 548 87% 80 13% 628 

Latin 

America 20 100% 0 0% 20 

Mexico 409 68% 189 32% 598 

Nicaragua 247 30% 568 70% 815 

Panama 42 66% 22 34% 64 

Peru 52 47% 59 53% 111 

Venezuela 24 92% 2 8% 26 

Total 1,624 61% 1,055 39% 2,679 

Table C6b - Number of beneficiaries applying construction 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Bolivia 707 79% 191 21% 898 

Brazil 411 73% 153 27% 564 

Ecuador 25 34% 48 66% 73 

Honduras 486 72% 190 28% 676 

Latin America 20 100% 0 0% 20 

Mexico 249 48% 272 52% 521 

Nicaragua 318 28% 806 72% 1,124 

Panama 137 57% 104 43% 241 

Peru 1 20% 4 80% 5 

Venezuela 149 78% 42 22% 191 

Total 2,503 58% 1,810 42% 4,313 
Table C7a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring environmental knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 79 58% 58 42% 137 

Bolivia 427 66% 219 34% 646 

Brazil 3,488 41% 4,967 59% 8,455 

Costa Rica 6 18% 27 82% 33 

Ecuador 1,912 36% 3,414 64% 5,326 

El Salvador 542 54% 460 46% 1,002 

Guatemala 468 47% 532 53% 1,000 

Honduras 754 75% 251 25% 1,005 

Mexico 812 69% 371 31% 1,183 

Nicaragua 2,469 63% 1,449 37% 3,918 

Panama 69 62% 43 38% 112 

Peru 457 57% 347 43% 804 

Venezuela 201 31% 457 69% 658 

Total 11,684 48% 12,595 52% 24,279 

Table C7b - Number of beneficiaries applying environmental knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 564 48% 602 52% 1,166 

Bolivia 379 68% 175 32% 554 

Brazil 817 38% 1,306 62% 2,123 

Costa Rica 145 39% 225 61% 370 

Dominican Republic 18 64% 10 36% 28 

Ecuador 4,505 51% 4,401 49% 8,906 

El Salvador 648 75% 217 25% 865 

Guatemala 869 60% 582 40% 1,451 

Honduras 998 48% 1,102 52% 2,100 

Mexico 1,174 44% 1,511 56% 2,685 

Nicaragua 1,045 61% 670 39% 1,715 

Panama 195 67% 94 33% 289 

Peru 490 66% 253 34% 743 

Venezuela 491 41% 710 59% 1,201 

Total 12,338 51% 11,858 49% 24,196 
Table C8a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring planning & administration 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 151 14% 955 86% 1,106 

Bolivia 752 60% 493 40% 1,245 

Brazil 484 38% 775 62% 1,259 

Colombia 149 37% 256 63% 405 

Costa Rica 192 42% 270 58% 462 

Dominican Republic 66 80% 16 20% 82 

Ecuador 396 44% 508 56% 904 

El Salvador 1,279 59% 873 41% 2,152 

Guatemala 276 36% 497 64% 773 

Haiti 102 61% 64 39% 166 

Honduras 659 83% 136 17% 795 

Jamaica 2 7% 25 93% 27 

Latin America 70 41% 100 59% 170 

Mexico 1,150 52% 1,057 48% 2,207 

Nicaragua 379 62% 233 38% 612 

Panama 487 61% 307 39% 794 

Peru 1,764 64% 987 36% 2,751 

Uruguay 284 63% 168 37% 452 

Venezuela 140 40% 210 60% 350 

Total 8,782 53% 7,930 47% 16,712 

Table C8b - Number of beneficiaries applying planning & administration 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 222 17% 1,056 83% 1,278 

Bolivia 1,322 63% 775 37% 2,097 

Brazil 538 40% 814 60% 1,352 

Colombia 178 41% 259 59% 437 

Costa Rica 308 35% 564 65% 872 

Dominican Republic 24 80% 6 20% 30 

Ecuador 1,282 46% 1,490 54% 2,772 

El Salvador 829 56% 657 44% 1,486 

Guatemala 557 49% 572 51% 1,129 

Honduras 682 41% 971 59% 1,653 

Latin America 60 40% 90 60% 150 

Mexico 899 46% 1,064 54% 1,963 

Nicaragua 101 60% 68 40% 169 

Panama 654 50% 660 50% 1,314 

Peru 540 72% 213 28% 753 

Uruguay 38 57% 29 43% 67 

Venezuela 200 45% 245 55% 445 

Total 8,434 47% 9,533 53% 17,967 
Table C9a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring marketing 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 55 45% 67 55% 122 

Bolivia 135 45% 166 55% 301 

Brazil 151 32% 327 68% 478 

Colombia 22 18% 100 82% 122 

Dominican Republic 71 84% 14 16% 85 

Ecuador 114 29% 284 71% 398 

El Salvador 308 48% 329 52% 637 

Guatemala 169 46% 195 54% 364 

Honduras 123 62% 76 38% 199 

Jamaica 2 13% 13 87% 15 

Latin America 40 16% 205 84% 245 

Mexico 196 61% 126 39% 322 

Nicaragua 446 45% 552 55% 998 

Panama 68 40% 102 60% 170 

Peru 824 53% 719 47% 1,543 

Uruguay 226 57% 174 44% 400 

Venezuela 152 42% 206 58% 358 

Total 3,102 46% 3,655 54% 6,757 

Table C9b - Number of beneficiaries applying marketing 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 100 53% 90 47% 190 

Bolivia 350 56% 273 44% 623 

Brazil 315 40% 480 60% 795 

Colombia 21 17% 100 83% 121 

Dominican Republic 109 89% 13 11% 122 

Ecuador 271 29% 650 71% 921 

El Salvador 370 53% 334 47% 704 

Guatemala 597 58% 438 42% 1,035 

Honduras 166 21% 638 79% 804 

Latin America 30 23% 100 77% 130 

Mexico 671 75% 224 25% 895 

Nicaragua 212 50% 208 50% 420 

Panama 250 32% 543 68% 793 

Peru 515 71% 206 29% 721 

Uruguay 15 63% 9 38% 24 

Venezuela 17 71% 7 29% 24 

Total 4,009 48% 4,313 52% 8,322 
Table C10a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring leadership knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 86 49% 89 51% 175 

Bolivia 599 68% 282 32% 881 

Brazil 320 39% 500 61% 820 

Caribbean 13 87% 2 13% 15 

Colombia 3 17% 15 83% 18 

Ecuador 146 37% 246 63% 392 

El Salvador 288 57% 216 43% 504 

Guatemala 94 36% 164 64% 258 

Honduras 79 66% 40 34% 119 

Jamaica 2 13% 13 87% 15 

Latin America 150 43% 200 57% 350 

Mexico 25 31% 56 69% 81 

Nicaragua 150 62% 91 38% 241 

Panama 333 62% 207 38% 540 

Peru 832 58% 607 42% 1,439 

Venezuela 406 51% 392 49% 798 

Total 3,526 53% 3,120 47% 6,646 

Table C10b - Number of beneficiaries applying leadership 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 23 38% 38 62% 61 

Bolivia 374 64% 211 36% 585 

Brazil 503 48% 555 52% 1,058 

Colombia 7 32% 15 68% 22 

Costa Rica 108 52% 98 48% 206 

Ecuador 197 19% 823 81% 1,020 

El Salvador 388 61% 250 39% 638 

Guatemala 721 70% 315 30% 1,036 

Honduras 456 41% 654 59% 1,110 

Latin America 80 36% 140 64% 220 

Mexico 50 24% 157 76% 207 

Nicaragua 70 59% 49 41% 119 

Panama 414 51% 402 49% 816 

Peru 357 70% 153 30% 510 

Venezuela 175 27% 465 73% 640 

Total 3,923 48% 4,325 52% 8,248 
Table C11a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring civic participation 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 74 62% 46 38% 120 

Bolivia 439 61% 277 39% 716 

Brazil 1,128 48% 1,235 52% 2,363 

Colombia 0 0% 12 100% 12 

Costa Rica 24 34% 46 66% 70 

Ecuador 1,621 39% 2,545 61% 4,166 

El Salvador 43 54% 36 46% 79 

Guatemala 8 89% 1 11% 9 

Honduras 70 35% 130 65% 200 

Mexico 253 45% 306 55% 559 

Nicaragua 237 63% 142 37% 379 

Panama 506 62% 306 38% 812 

Peru 879 72% 350 28% 1,229 

Venezuela 159 65% 84 35% 243 

Total 5,441 50% 5,516 50% 10,957 

Table C11b - Number of beneficiaries applying civic participation 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 546 42% 751 58% 1,297 

Bolivia 339 63% 196 37% 535 

Brazil 435 43% 580 57% 1,015 

Colombia 14 19% 58 81% 72 

Costa Rica 241 38% 387 62% 628 

Ecuador 1,824 42% 2,543 58% 4,367 

El Salvador 353 64% 200 36% 553 

Guatemala 540 93% 43 7% 583 

Honduras 943 38% 1,513 62% 2,456 

Mexico 109 50% 111 50% 220 

Nicaragua 99 85% 17 15% 116 

Panama 372 47% 416 53% 788 

Peru 106 35% 197 65% 303 

Venezuela 259 64% 143 36% 402 

Total 6,180 46% 7,155 54% 13,335 
Table C12a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring legal system knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 30 94% 2 6% 32 

Bolivia 922 49% 960 51% 1,882 

Brazil 242 30% 559 70% 801 

Ecuador 246 54% 207 46% 453 

El Salvador 52 41% 74 59% 126 

Guatemala 18 90% 2 10% 20 

Honduras 73 68% 34 32% 107 

Latin America 200 42% 280 58% 480 

Mexico 119 71% 49 29% 168 

Nicaragua 0 0% 9 100% 9 

Panama 371 76% 115 24% 486 

Uruguay 27 68% 13 33% 40 

Total 2,300 50% 2,304 50% 4,604 

Table C12b - Number of beneficiaries applying legal system 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 105 79% 28 21% 133 

Bolivia 233 63% 135 37% 368 

Brazil 160 27% 442 73% 602 

Costa Rica 76 28% 191 72% 267 

Ecuador 60 51% 57 49% 117 

El Salvador 169 54% 143 46% 312 

Guatemala 441 96% 17 4% 458 

Honduras 45 71% 18 29% 63 

Latin America 50 100% 0 0% 50 

Mexico 88 64% 50 36% 138 

Nicaragua 7 39% 11 61% 18 

Panama 171 39% 266 61% 437 

Peru 5 42% 7 58% 12 

Uruguay 7 70% 3 30% 10 

Venezuela 3 75% 1 25% 4 

Total 1,620 54% 1,369 46% 2,989 
Table C13a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring finance 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 93 48% 100 52% 193 

Bolivia 506 51% 487 49% 993 

Brazil 1,060 45% 1,271 55% 2,331 

Colombia 19 19% 79 81% 98 

Costa Rica 67 39% 104 61% 171 

Ecuador 159 29% 396 71% 555 

El Salvador 476 57% 363 43% 839 

Guatemala 296 25% 878 75% 1,174 

Honduras 11 6% 178 94% 189 

Jamaica 2 13% 13 87% 15 

Latin America 10 5% 205 95% 215 

Mexico 5,113 12% 38,696 88% 43,809 

Nicaragua 628 39% 974 61% 1,602 

Panama 12 80% 3 20% 15 

Peru 79 45% 97 55% 176 

Uruguay 43 61% 27 39% 70 

Total 8,574 16% 43,871 84% 52,445 

Table C13b - Number of beneficiaries applying finance knowledge 

and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 40 56% 32 44% 72 

Bolivia 2,290 72% 903 28% 3,193 

Brazil 230 51% 219 49% 449 

Colombia 2 11% 17 89% 19 

Costa Rica 67 39% 104 61% 171 

Ecuador 479 33% 993 67% 1,472 

El Salvador 517 55% 424 45% 941 

Guatemala 435 33% 872 67% 1,307 

Honduras 174 16% 883 84% 1,057 

Latin America 8 14% 50 86% 58 

Mexico 10,610 13% 73,289 87% 83,899 

Nicaragua 29 42% 40 58% 69 

Panama 70 34% 133 66% 203 

Peru 105 83% 21 17% 126 

Uruguay 11 61% 7 39% 18 

Venezuela 6 55% 5 45% 11 

Total 15,073 16% 77,992 84% 93,065 
Table C14a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring political system 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 74 62% 46 38% 120 

Bolivia 168 52% 157 48% 325 

Brazil 153 37% 259 63% 412 

Ecuador 33 59% 23 41% 56 

Guatemala 4 40% 6 60% 10 

Honduras 47 71% 19 29% 66 

Latin America 200 44% 250 56% 450 

Mexico 1,142 69% 513 31% 1,655 

Peru 46 44% 59 56% 105 

Venezuela 1 100% 0 0% 1 

Total 1,868 58% 1,332 42% 3,200 

Table C14b - Number of beneficiaries applying political system 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 234 41% 339 59% 573 

Bolivia 138 77% 42 23% 180 

Brazil 88 48% 94 52% 182 

Ecuador 33 59% 23 41% 56 

El Salvador 41 62% 25 38% 66 

Guatemala 130 96% 6 4% 136 

Honduras 540 40% 820 60% 1,360 

Latin America 40 40% 60 60% 100 

Mexico 14 26% 39 74% 53 

Panama 58 24% 180 76% 238 

Venezuela 6 100% 0 0% 6 

Total 1,322 45% 1,628 55% 2,950 
Table C15a - Number of beneficiaries acquiring health 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 10 25% 30 75% 40 

Bolivia 50 46% 59 54% 109 

Brazil 20 19% 83 81% 103 

Ecuador 266 40% 403 60% 669 

El Salvador 44 51% 42 49% 86 

Guatemala 124 11% 986 89% 1,110 

Honduras 77 40% 116 60% 193 

Latin America 0 0% 20 100% 20 

Mexico 738 25% 2,176 75% 2,914 

Nicaragua 111 25% 330 75% 441 

Panama 1 100% 0 0% 1 

Peru 886 44% 1,123 56% 2,009 

Venezuela 23 38% 38 62% 61 

Total 2,350 30% 5,406 70% 7,756 

Table C15b - Number of beneficiaries applying health 

knowledge and/or skills by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 5 25% 15 75% 20 

Bolivia 6 29% 15 71% 21 

Brazil 8 13% 56 88% 64 

Ecuador 200 38% 329 62% 529 

El Salvador 23 29% 56 71% 79 

Guatemala 171 22% 601 78% 772 

Honduras 394 34% 754 66% 1,148 

Latin America 5 20% 20 80% 25 

Mexico 1,007 30% 2,316 70% 3,323 

Panama 1 100% 0 0% 1 

Peru 148 32% 319 68% 467 

Venezuela 25 47% 28 53% 53 

Total 1,993 31% 4,509 69% 6,502 
Table C16 - Number of beneficiaries acquiring knowledge and/or skills 

 in prevention of domestic violence, sexual abuse and drug use 

 by sex and country, FY2004 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Bolivia 130 45% 160 55% 290 

Brazil 165 39% 259 61% 424 

Colombia 0 0% 12 100% 12 

Dominican Republic 358 27% 963 73% 1,321 

Ecuador 19 36% 34 64% 53 

Guatemala 35 28% 90 72% 125 

Honduras 109 49% 113 51% 222 

Latin America 15 33% 30 67% 45 

Mexico 105 46% 121 54% 226 

Peru 43 73% 16 27% 59 

Venezuela 61 82% 13 18% 74 

Total 1,040 36% 1,811 64% 2,851 
Table C17a - Resources mobilized from international sources, FY2004 

International 

Businesses Public sector Private organizations Other types of institutions 

Country 

Cash In- kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Ca

Argentina $0 $0 $0 $0 $93,326 $0 $0 $0 $93Bolivia $0 $0 $32,264 $0 $410,808 $0 $0 $0 $443Brazil $0 $0 $0 $0 $70,431 $0 $0 $0 $70Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Colombia $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $380 $0 $0 $1,500 $0 $1Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Ecuador $700 $0 $415,000 $0 $92,160 $800 $0 $0 $507El Salvador $0 $0 $20,648 $6,933 $85,955 $0 $0 $18,500 $106Guatemala $0 $63 $6,335 $24,776 $333 $8,578 $0 $15,000 $6Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Honduras $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $60,346 $0 $0 $0 $70Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Latin America $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Mexico $1 $0 $734,428 $0 $254,834 $0 $0 $5,131 $989Nicaragua $26,000 $2,800 $300 $25,600 $2,380 $700 $1,000 $0 $29Panama $0 $0 $0 $28,486 $0 $3,600 $0 $0 Peru $0 $0 $30,059 $7,000 $24,420 $8,800 $4,977 $13,030 $59Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $0 $1,325 $0 $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 

Total $26,701 $4,188 $1,249,033 $95,175 $1,094,993 $22,478 $7,477 $51,661 $2,378
Table C17b - Resources brokered from international sources, FY2004 

Country International 

 Businesses Public sector Private non-profit organizations Other types of institutions  Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cas

Argentina $0 $0 $0 $0 $52,000 $0 $0 $0 $52,Bolivia $53,867 $142,710 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $53,Brazil $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Colombia $0 $35,790 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $580 Ecuador $0 $0 $500,000 $70,000 $0 $12,300 $0 $6,000 $500,El Salvador $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,500 Guatemala $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $42,778 $0 $6,299 Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $6,160 $0 $0 $0 $6,Honduras $6,000 $1,875 $0 $0 $0 $20,135 $0 $0 $6,Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $13,500 $0 $13,Latin America $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Mexico $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Panama $0 $0 $0 $1,134 $0 $0 $0 $0 Peru $0 $3,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,319 Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 

Total $59,867 $183,375 $500,000 $71,134 $58,160 $75,213 $13,500 $16,698 $631,
Table C18a - Resources mobilized from domestic sources other than local, FY2004 

Domestic 

Businesses Public sector Other types of institutions Country Total 

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind 

Argentina $55,386 $0 $119,309 $24,268 $4,144 $0 $178,839 $24,268 Bolivia $90,000 $0 $88,069 $0 $3,807 $1,858 $181,876 $1,858 Brazil $0 $0 $6,600 $0 $1,786 $0 $8,386 $0 Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Colombia $0 $0 $0 $0 $15,977 $0 $15,977 $0 Costa Rica $0 $0 $3,907 $26,245 $0 $0 $3,907 $26,245 Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $4,144 $0 $64 $0 $4,208 Ecuador $0 $5,000 $116,065 $6,000 $15,000 $800 $131,065 $11,800 El Salvador $0 $0 $41,526 $4,432 $0 $0 $41,526 $4,432 Guatemala $0 $1,900 $9,718 $14,838 $0 $2,845 $9,718 $19,582 Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Honduras $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $99,182 $0 $99,182 $0 Latin America $0 $1,000 $0 $200 $0 $0 $0 $1,200 Mexico $38,865 $28,662 $763,263 $0 $73,239 $12,391 $875,366 $41,053 Nicaragua $175 $0 $57,790 $27,717 $0 $0 $57,965 $27,717 Panama $116,090 $21,572 $933 $17,482 $186,858 $8,368 $303,882 $47,422 Peru $0 $5,000 $24,308 $0 $8,346 $1,422 $32,653 $6,422 Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $10,125 $10,125 $31,929 $21,818 $0 $0 $42,054 $31,943 

Total $310,641 $73,258 $1,263,417 $147,144 $408,338 $27,748 $1,982,396 $248,150 
Table C18b - Resources brokered from domestic sources other than local, FY2004 

National 

Businesses Public sector Other types of institutions Country Total 

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind 

Argentina $0 $0 $71,000 $0 $0 $0 $71,000 $0 Bolivia $1,575 $0 $65,400 $0 $7,000 $34,629 $73,975 $34,629 Brazil $0 $0 $0 $842 $0 $0 $0 $842 Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Colombia $0 $4,244 $0 $1,404 $0 $0 $0 $5,648 Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $220 $0 $222 $0 $442 Ecuador $1,651 $0 $30,000 $267,000 $4,000 $0 $35,651 $267,000 El Salvador $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $1,000 Guatemala $0 $263 $0 $4,301 $0 $8,170 $0 $12,733 Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $11,939 $0 $11,939 $0 Honduras $0 $0 $0 $11,037 $0 $0 $0 $11,037 Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $83,548 $0 $83,548 $0 Latin America $0 $2,000 $0 $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $4,000 Mexico $0 $10,000 $1,785,148 $10,305 $0 $318 $1,785,148 $20,623 Nicaragua $0 $0 $128,000 $0 $0 $0 $128,000 $0 Panama $0 $6,300 $0 $1,900 $0 $3,997 $0 $12,197 Peru $0 $0 $12,500 $56,691 $150 $830 $12,650 $57,521 Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 

Total $3,226 $22,807 $2,092,048 $356,699 $106,637 $48,166 $2,201,911 $427,672 
Table C19a - Resources mobilized from local sources, FY2004

Local 

Businesses Public sector Communities Other types of institutions Country 

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash 

Argentina $1,346 $48,937 $0 $0 $0 $174,766 $0 $0 $1,346 Bolivia $186 $0 $93,041 $9,761 $68,125 $91,499 $0 $0 $161,352 Brazil $0 $65 $23,458 $5,306 $12,000 $51,267 $1,286 $8,750 $36,744 Caribbean $5,375 $8,400 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,375 Colombia $0 $1,160 $0 $12,240 $0 $5,320 $0 $0 $0 Costa Rica $0 $405 $0 $3,020 $1,000 $0 $0 $1,850 $1,000 Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Ecuador $0 $5,000 $0 $42,000 $6,000 $0 $0 $2,000 $6,000 El Salvador $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,500 $0 Guatemala $347 $1,000 $0 $2,577 $0 $10,086 $0 $3,375 $347 Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Honduras $0 $0 $0 $635 $0 $4,167 $0 $2,500 $0 Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Latin America $0 $1,500 $0 $6,000 $0 $2,900 $0 $0 $0 Mexico $40,778 $1,072 $244,488 $3,817 $196 $294 $15,712 $1,418 $301,174 Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $14,590 $0 $0 $0 Panama $0 $30 $0 $56,815 $0 $54,914 $5,065 $500 $5,065 Peru $0 $0 $0 $3,157 $2,122 $10,652 $133 $0 $2,255 Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $0 $8,039 $3,000 $2,091 $0 $3,320 $0 $3,390 $3,000 

Total $48,032 $75,608 $363,987 $147,418 $89,443 $423,775 $22,196 $25,283 $523,658 
Table C19b - Resources brokered from local sources, FY2004 

Local 

Businesses Public sector Communities Other types of institutions 

Country 

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Ca

Argentina $0 $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Bolivia $0 $0 $0 $5,221 $0 $0 $1,200 $0 $1Brazil $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,814 $34,685 $0 $0 $5Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Colombia $0 $0 $0 $4,656 $0 $663,951 $0 $60,158 Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Ecuador $0 $0 $5,400 $60,518 $0 $80,093 $5,000 $5,600 $10El Salvador $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Guatemala $0 $0 $0 $4,878 $0 $0 $0 $0 Haiti $0 $0 $7,879 $0 $17,527 $0 $0 $0 $25Honduras $0 $0 $0 $4,932 $0 $22,821 $0 $708 Jamaica $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Latin America $0 $1,000 $0 $2,000 $0 $1,000 $0 $0 Mexico $0 $5,804 $44,602 $20,213 $18,867 $16,631 $0 $22,420 $63Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Panama $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $40 $0 $403 Peru $0 $150 $53,385 $16,456 $600 $25,787 $1,355 $3,900 $55Uruguay $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Venezuela $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 

Total $0 $7,954 $111,266 $118,874 $42,808 $845,008 $7,555 $93,188 $161
Table C20 - Dissemination activities by type and country, FY2004 

Dissemination practices and techniques used by grantees 

Pamphlets and 

brochures Books Vide

Country Speeches and/or 

presentations 

Radio 

and 

television 

interviews Produced Distributed 

Magazine 

or 

newspaper 

articles 

Press 

releases Written Distributed Made 

Argentina 10 111 104 1,030 3 56 0 0 2 Bolivia 4 22 33 8,181 0 11 10 3,648 2 Brazil 181 103 30 50,950 48 159 2 0 5 Caribbean 20 3 2 1,000 12 12 0 0 0 Colombia 50 2 8 2,000 12 2 0 0 3 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dominican Republic 4 2 6 16,740 4 2 2 6,614 0 Ecuador 71 17 19 15,400 12 26 0 0 6 El Salvador 17 13 6,503 4,500 15 4 0 0 0 Guatemala 30 3 1 300 3 2 3 643 1 Haiti 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Honduras 38 88 11 7,880 2 0 0 0 2 Jamaica 3 0 3 120 0 1 0 0 0 Latin America 100 100 25 8,000 20 40 0 0 5 Mexico 334 56 31 171,095 10 105 1 200 5 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Panama 12 33 508 50 8 7 0 0 0 Peru 17 38 31 7,583 3 24 1 0 4 Uruguay 10 98 0 0 46 33 0 0 3 Venezuela 43 13 8 9,185 0 29 0 0 3 

Total 958 702 7,323 304,014 198 513 19 11,105 41 

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