### UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROT EC TION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, DC 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLL U TION PREVENTION



### PC Code: 128931 

### DP Barcode : 425049 

### Date: March 24

, 2016



### MEMORANDUM
Subject:



### To:

From:



### Through: Addendum to Dicamba Diglycolamine Salt (DOA) and its Degradate, 3,6- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) Section 3 Risk Assessment: Refined Endangered Species Assessmen t for Proposed New Uses on Herbicide-Tolerant Soybean and
Cotton in in 11 U.S. States: (Arizona

, Co l orado

, Delaware, Florida, Maryland

, New Mexico

, New Jersey

, New York

, Pennsylvania

, Virginia and West Virginia).

Grant Rowland

, Ri s k Manager Reviewer Kathryn Montague

, Product Manager Team 23
Dan Kenny

, Branch Chief Herbicide Branch Pesticide Registration Division (7505P) Office of Pesticide Programs



## Elizabeth Donovan

, Biologist

# ~**;~ -----**  Michael Wagman, Biologist

# JV;t**lr~** 

# 'f**/(~** Monica Wait

, Risk Assessment Process Leader

### ~ 

# W**~** Environmental Risk Branch 6 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) Office of Pesticide Programs

Mark Corbin, Branch Chief
Env i ronmental Risk Branch 6 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7 Office of Pesticide Programs

### 2 

### Prior to conducting this refined Endangered Species Assessment, the Environmental Fate and Effe cts Division (EFED) performed a screening level ecological risk assessment for a Federal action involving proposed new uses of the diglycolamine salt of dicamba (dicamba DGA) on dicamba herbicide

- tolerant soybean on March 8, 2011 (DP 378444); an amendment to the assessment was issued on May 20, 2014 (DP 404138, 404806, 405887, 410802, and 411382). Concurrent with this refined Endangered Species Assessment, a Section 3 New Use dicamba DGA salt on dicamba

- tolerant cotton screening

- level assessment (DP 404823) and a subsequent addendum (DP 426789) that addresses multiple issues (spray drift buffers, runoff, risk to terrestrial invertebrates and updated mammalian toxicological endpoints for parent dicamba and its degradate, DCSA) have been finalized . In the scr eening level risk assessment, potential direct risk concerns could not be excluded for:

• mammals (chronic , from the soybean use only, due to residues from dicamba’s metabolite, DCSA, rather than from parent dicamba );

• birds (acute from parent dicamba for b oth soybean and cotton uses; chronic from DCSA residues only in soybean but not in cotton ), considered surrogates for reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibians; and

• terrestrial plants (soybean and cotton uses)

In the screening level risk assessment s , i ndirect effect risk concerns for all taxa were possible for any species that have dependencies (e.g., food, shelter, and habitat) on mammals, birds, reptiles, terrestrial

- phase amphibians, or terrestrial plants. Additionally, the screening level assessment showed that direct risk concerns were unlikely ( i.e. levels of concern were not exceeded) for:

• mammals (acute) and (chronic

— for the cotton use only) ;

• birds, reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibians (chronic from parent dicamba or DCSA degradate from use on cotton );

• terrestrial insects (acute and chronic) ;

• freshwater fish (acute and chronic) ;

• aquatic

- phase amphibians (acute and chronic);

• estuarine/marine fish (acute and chronic);

• freshwater invertebrates (acute and chronic); estuarine/marine invert ebrates (acute and chronic); and

• aquatic plants 1



### EPA has a specific process based on sound science that it follows when assessing risks to listed species for pesticides like dicamba that will be used on seeds that have been genetically modified to be to lerant to the pesticide. The Agency begins with a screening level assessment that

1 

### The listed species LOC was exceeded for non

- vascular aquatic plants, however there are no listed species of this taxa.

### 3 

### includes a basic ecological risk assessment based on its 2004 Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process document. [USEPA, 2004 , available at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/litstatus/riskasses.htm ]. That assessment uses broad default assumptions to establish estimated environmental concentrations of particular pesticides. If the screening level assessment results in a determination that no levels of concern are exceeded , EPA concludes its analysis. On the other hand, where the screening level assessment does not rule out potential effects (exceedances of the level of concern) based on the broad default assumptions

, EPA then uses increasingly specific methods and exposure models to refine its estimated environmental concentrations. At each screening step, EPA compares the more refined exposures to the toxicity of the pesticide active ingredi ent to determine whether the pesticide exceeds levels of concern established for listed aquatic and terrestrial species. EPA determines that there is “no effect” on listed species if, at any step in the screening level assessment, no levels of concern are exceeded. If, after performing all of the steps in the screening level assessment, a pesticide still exceeds the Agency’s levels of concern for listed species, EPA then conducts a species

- specific refined assessment to make effects determinations for indi vidual listed species. The refined assessment, unlike the screening level assessment, takes account of species’ habitats and behaviors to determine whether any listed species may be affected by use of the pesticide.

The screening level ecological risk a ssessment generates a series of taxonomic (e.g., mammals, birds, fish, etc.) risk quotients (RQs) that are the ratio of estimated exposures to acute and chronic effects endpoints. These RQs are then compared to EPA established levels of concern (LOCs) to determine if risks to any taxonomic group are of concern. The LOCs address risks for both acute and chronic effects. Acute effects LOCs range from 0.05 for aquatic animals that are Federally

- listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) to 0.5 for aquatic non

- listed animal species and 0.1 to 0.5 for terrestrial animals for listed and non

- listed species. The LOC for chronic effects for all animal taxa (listed and non

- listed) is 1. Plant risks are handled in a similar manner, but with different toxicity thresholds (NOAEC/EC 05 

### and EC 25, 

### respectively) used in RQ calculation for listed and non

- listed species and an LOC of 1 used to interpret the RQ. When a given taxonomic RQ excee ds either the acute or chronic LOC a concern for direct toxic effects is identified for that particular taxon. If RQs fall below the LOC, a no effect determination is identified for the corresponding taxon.

The purpose of this document is to explain the refined risk assessment conducted for Federally

listed threatened or e ndangered (listed) species that could potentially be impacted by this pesticide registration. The refined assessment was conducted based on the 2004 Overview document

, as discussed above. The assessment of risks to listed species posed by the use of Dicamb a DGA has been conducted in phases covering a specific set of states, assessing risk to all the listed species covered in those states. This assessment covers the endangered species analysis for 11 states: Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Florida , Maryland, N ew Mexico, New Jersey , New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia ( AZ, CO, DE , FL

, MD, NM, NJ

, NY, PA, VA and WV ). Based on EFED’s LOCATES v.2.4.0 database and information from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS )

, 32 2 species in the 11 sta tes proposed for registration were identified as within the action area (at a preliminary county

- wide level of resolution) associated with the new herbicide

- tolerant soybean and cotton uses. Table 1 below presents a

### 4 

### summary of this assessment. Separate c oncurrent assessment phases cover the endangered species analysis for 16 states (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin (DP 4164 16, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 ) ) and 7 states (A labama, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carol ina, South Carolina, and Texas (DP 422305)

.
EPA consulted U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Plans to determine whether listed species in th ese states would be expected to occur in an action area encompassing the treated soybean and corn fields. The refined assessment was then conducted on those species that could not be excluded from the action area. EPA also consulted the recovery plans in the refined assessment for additional habitat information and incorporated species biological information regarding dietary items (used to model dicamba DGA residues in prey tissue) and body weight (used to determine food consumption rates and scale ecoto xicity data from the tested surrogate species, the bobwhite quail and rat, to the body weight of the listed species).

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed an endangered species risk assessment for Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia in support of registering dicamba diglycolamine (DGA) salt on herbicide

- tolerant cotton and soybean in these states. Table 1 presents a summary of the assessmen t.

Table 1. Summary of species effects determinations and critical habitat modification determinations for Federally listed threatened or endangered species in Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania , Virginia and West Virginia for dicamba DGA use on genetically modified cotton and soybeans.

Species Effects Determination Comments

Audubon Crested Caracara May Affect, Not Likely to Adversely Affect for Palm Beach County ( Cotton only;

c oncurrence b y USFWS pending) No effect (soybean ; and for cotton in all other counties except Palm Beach ) The species is found in 22 counties in Florida. However, no county has soybean production and only one county has any cotton: Palm Beach County

All other species (te rrestrial and aquatic) No effect

Critical Habitat Modification Determination Comments All Critical Habitats (322 species) No Modification None

Making an Effects Determination

### 5 

### The bullets below outline EFED’s process for making an effects determinati on for the Federal action:

• For listed individuals inside the action area but NOT part of an affected taxa NOR relying on the affected taxa for services (involving food, shelter, biological mediated resources necessary for survival/reproduction), use of a pesticide would be determined to have NO EFFECT.

• For listed individuals outside the action area, use of a pesticide would be determined to have NO EFFECT.

• Listed individuals inside the action area may either fall into the NO EFFECT or MAY AFFECT (LIKELY or NOT LIKELY TO ADVERSELY AFFECT) categories depending upon their specific biological needs, circumstances of exposure, etc.

• LIKELY or NOT LIKELY TO ADVERSELY AFFECT determinations are made using the following criteria:

o Insignificant

- The level o f the effect cannot be meaningfully related to a “take.”

o Highly Uncertain

- The effect is highly unlikely to occur.

o Wholly beneficial

- The effects are only good things.

Spray Drift Mitigation

EFED ’s refined endangered species risk assessment t ook into a ccount the spray drift mitigation language that was added to the most recent proposed label submitted by the registrant . An accounting of federally

- listed threatened or endangered species within the 11 states (covered in this assessment) proposed for di camba DGA use on genetically modified cotton and soybeans is included in Appendix 1 (322 species)

. Specifically, the spray drift mitigation language on the M1691 Herbicide Supplemental labels for the use dicamba DGA salt on ROUNDUP READY 2 XTENDTM soybean and BOLLGARD II ® 

### XTENDFLEX cotton includes the following limitations:

Specifically, the spray drift mitigation language includes the following limitations:

• Specifying the use of a nozzle (Tee Jet® TTI11004) with ASABE S

- 572 ultra

- coarse and extremely coa rse droplet spectra and a maximum operating pressure of 63 psi. species action NO EFFECT NO EFFECT or MA Y A FFECT (LAA/NLAA 

### ) MAY AFFECT

### 6 

### • A maximum equipment ground speed of 15 miles per hour and ground boom height of 24 inches above the target pest or crop canopy.

• Restricting all applications when wind speeds are < 3 mph or > 15 mph and restricting applications when wind is blowing towards sensitive areas at > 10 mph. Maintaining use of a 110 foot in

- field buffer for a 0.5 lb a.i./A application (220 foot in

- field buffer for a 1 lb a.i./A application) when the wind is blowing towards any areas that are not fields in crop cultivation, paved areas, or areas covered by buildings and other structures.

• Applications done in low relative humidity conditions are to use equipment set to produce larger droplet spectra to compensate for evaporation.

• Applications are not be conducted during temperature inversions.

• In order to prevent effects to non

- target susceptible plants, the label also includes the following language: “ do not apply under circumstances where spray drift may occur to food, forage or other plantings that might be damaged or the crops thereof rendered unfit for sale, use or consumption. Avoid contact of herbicide with foliage, green stems, exposed non

- woody roots of crops, and desirable plants, including beans, cott on, flowers, fruit trees, grapes, ornamentals, peas, potato, soybean, sunflower, tobacco, tomato, and other broadleaf plants because severe injury or destruction may result, including plants in a greenhouse. Applicators are required to ensure that they ar e aware of the proximity to sensitive areas, and to avoid potential adverse effects from the off

- target movement of M1691 Herbicide. The Applicator must survey the application site for neighboring sensitive areas prior to application. The applicator also should consult sensitive crop registries for locating sensitive areas where available.”

• Finally, in order to prevent unintended damage from the drift of M1691 Herbicide, the label says not to apply this product when the wind is blowing towards adjacent

com mercially grown sensitive crops.

The incorporation of the spray drift mitigation measures into the product labeling as outlined above would result in exposure to dicamba DGA from spray drift at a level where effects are expected only within the confines of the treated field and so the action area is limited to the dicamba DGA treated field. Further, the incorporation of the “susceptible plants” spray drift mitigation language on the label is to avoid damage to these plants (including adjacent crops). Be cause the risk assessment interprets the threshold for plant damage concern to be based on the most sensitive plant species tested and the screening level ecological risk assessment has demonstrated that these plant effects endpoints constitute the most co nservative terrestrial organism levels of effect, it is concluded that the “susceptible plants” requirement requires a level of drift mitigation that would also prevent less sensitive organisms from being exposed at levels of concern. Terrestrial species that are not expected to occur on treated fields under the provisions of the proposed label are not expected to be directly exposed to dicamba DGA, nor are their critical biologically mediated resources expected to be exposed to levels of the herbicide abo ve any effects thresholds of concern. Additionally, as indicated in the screening level ecological risk assessments for cotton and soybean, no aquatic receptor taxa are of concern for drift or runoff exposure (LOCs were not exceeded for aquatic taxa). Co nsequently, all but 1 4 of the 32 2 listed species originally identified as potentially at

- risk are determined to be

### 7 

### given a “no effect” (NE) without further refinement because they are not expected to occur in an action area encompassin g the treated soybea n and cotton fields (Appendix 2). The remaining 1 4 species are assessed using the refinements set forth in the 2 00 4 Overview document referred to earlier in this assessment and considering the restictions contained in the proposed labeling, species speci fic biology, dicamba

- specific foliar residue data and dicamba application timing information in this refined endangered species assessment

.
Exposure through Runoff

The cotton screening

- level risk assessment and the concurrently issued soybean addendum ch aracterized risk following exposure to dicamba residues in runoff and found that the predicted concentrations from modeling were lower than the most sensitive taxa’s endpoint (soybean plant height). Combining the predictions of this modeling, the toxicolo gical endpoints and that most of the off

- site plant community would not experience foliar contact with dicamba DGA in runoff sheet flow, EFED concluded that all available lines of evidence supported a “no effects” determination for runoff exposure for off

- field listed plants for the proposed labeled use of dicamba DGA. Additionally, rainfast mitigation on the label would also protect against the risk of exposure to listed species off the treated field.

In addition to the spray drift and runoff mitigati on measures contained in the proposed labeling, EFED analyzed species

- specific biology, dicamba

- specific foliar residue data and dicamba application timing information in this refined endangered species assessment. An accounting of the federally

- listed th reatened or endangered species within the 11 states proposed for this registration showed 3 22 listed species as potentially at risk (direct or indirect effects) as a result of the screening

- level assessment ( Appendix 1 ). The spray drift mitigation labe l language cannot preclude listed species being exposed to dicamba DGA salt or DCSA residues on treated fields, should a listed species utilize such areas as part of its range and co rresponding habitat. Of the 322 l isted species within the 11 states ( AZ, CO, DE, FL, MD, NM, NJ, NY, PA, VA and WV ) considered part of the proposed Federal decision, the following 1 4 species were reasonably expected to occur on soybean and cotton fields, which could potentially be treated with dicamba and therefore could not be assumed to be “no effect” solely on the basis of occurrence outside the action area:

Of these 1 4 species, a “ no effect” determination was reached in the concurrent assessment actions for 16 states (DP 416416, 420160, 420159 , 420352, 421434, 421723 cove ring AR, IL, IA, IN, KS, LA, MN, MS, MO, NE, ND, OH, OK, SD, TN, and WI ) and 7 states (DP 422305 covering AL , GA, KY, MI, NC, SC, and TX ) for the following species and is applicable to these 11 states as well :

• Eastern indigo snake ( Drymarchon corais coup eri )

• Indiana bat ( Myotis sodalis )

• Lesser prairie

- chicken ( Tympanuchus pallidicinctus )

• Virginia big

- eared bat ( Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus )

### 8 

### • Ocelot ( Leopardus (Felis) pardalis )

• Whooping crane ( Grus americana )

• Red wolf ( Canis rufus )

• Gray wolf ( Canis lupus )

This l eaves the following species for which the remainder of this document uses species specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determinations :

• Californ ia condor (Gymnogyps californianus)

• Audubon’s crested caracara ( Polyborus plancus audubonii )

• Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus)

• Jaguar (Panthera onca)

• Florida panther ( Puma (=felis) concolor coryi )

• Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra ameri cana sonoriensis)

Therefore, species specific biological information (e.g., body size, dietary requirements, and seasonality) and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determinations.

This a ssessment also uses the refined exposure values determined in the cotton screening level assessment and the concurrently issued addendum to the soybean screening level risk assessment document s compared to the initial exposure estimates from the soybean sc reening level

assessment. This ESA assessment also evaluates chronic exposures from DCSA separately from the chronic exposure to parent dicamba. Dicamba exposure values were determined from the upper bound of the modeled T

- REX run for exposures following spray applications based on the Kenaga nomogram modified by Fletcher et al (1984), which is based on a large set of actual field residue data. Modeled dicamba exposure values were identical between the soybean addendum and the cotton screening level risk assessment (since the maximum application rates and minimum application intervals are the same).

Similar modeling of DCSA residues, which are formed inside the tolerant

- soybean and tolerant

cotton plants through plant metabolism, is not feasible at this time due to a lack of sufficient data tracking DCSA residues in plant tissues over time to ascertain degradation rates. Therefore, in the soybean addendum and the cotton screening

- level risk assessment, EFED used the maximum empirical measured DCSA resid ue concentrations in dicamba

- tolerant soybean (61.1 mg/kg (ppm) DCSA in broadleaf plants and 0.440 ppm in soybean seeds) and cotton plant tissues (6.29 ppm DCSA in cotton gin byproducts and 0.27 ppm in undelinted cotton seed) to evaluate chronic
exposures to DCSA for animals foraging on soybean and cotton plants. Residues in arthropods (as a dietary item for birds and mammals consuming insects that have consumed soybean/cotton tissues with DCSA residues) were assumed to follow the Kenaga nomogram relations hip between broadleaf plants and arthropods for spray applications ( i.e. arthropod concentrations estimated to be approximately 70% of the concentrations in broadleaf plant tissues or 42.5 ppm

### 9 

### DCSA in arthropods feeding on soybean plants and 4.4 ppm in art hropods feeding on cotton plants). The empirical residue data for cotton indicated that chronic exposures of birds and mammals to dicamba or DCSA in cotton tissues would not be above any levels of concern. Although the concurrently issued soybean addendu m indicates that chronic risk to mammals and birds was only a concern from DCSA residues in plant/prey tissues and not from residues of parent dicamba , since the original soybean screening

- level assessment (USEPA, 2011) indicated chronic risk to mammals, t his assessment presents the estimated exposures and comparisons to threshold toxicity values for both dicamba and DCSA for mammals, but evaluates them separately since their chronic toxicity and exposure profiles differ greatly. For birds, following the c onclusions of the screening level assessments and the soybean addendum, only acute risk from dicamba exposures and chronic risk from DCSA exposures is evaluated. The following text discusses the lines of evidence and processes that were used to make effect s determinations for listed species identified as potentially at

- risk in the screening level assessment.

Refined ecological risk assessment for the remaining species potentially exposed to dicamba residues

For the effects determinations for California c ondor

, Audobon’s crested caracara

, Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel, jaguar, Florida panther and Sonoran pronghorn

, a refined risk assessment approach was used to evaluate additional lines of evidence to determine whether the conservative generic assumptio ns in the screening risk assessment apply to a particular species of interest ( e.g. the California condor ). I n the case of the California condor

, the refined risk assessment investigated the impacts of more condor

- specific data related to:

1. Bird size ( as the condor is larger than the 1000g large bird category used in the initial screen)

2.. Bird food consumption tailored to: a. The true weight of the bird b. Energy requirements of the condor

c. Improvement on the generic food intake model of the sc reen to assess energy content of the diet and the actual free living energy requiremen ts of a bird the size of a California condor

3. Toxicity endpoints scaled from the weight of the tested surrogate species (bobwhite quail) to reflect the comparatively larger a ctual size of the condor.

Using the California condor as the example to show how EPA made its effects determinations, EPA d etermined that the California condor could be primarily feeding on carcasses of large mammals that may have been present in tr eated cotton and soybean fields . EPA therefore assumed that the predicted concentrations of dicamba DGA salt found in large (1000g) mammals that were exclusively feeding on short grass exposed to dicamba residues from the spray application would be a c onservative prey analysis for the condor consistent with the preliminary risk concerns identified in the screening assessment s

. For chronic exposures to DCSA residues, EPA assumed the prey mammal was feeding exclusively on soybean forage containing the

### 10 

### ma ximum measured DCSA concentrations. This analysis is conservative as it a ssumes 1) that 100% of the condor ’s food consumption co mes from 1kg mammals that have fed exclusively on dicamba exposed short grass (the dietary item with the highest modeled residu e levels) or DCSA residues in exposed dicamba

- tolerant soybean plants (the only plants that would have significant DCSA residues) and 2) the level of dicamba DGA residues assume d to be on the consumed short
grass is based on the upper bound Kenaga residues expected for short grass directly exposed to spray applications of dicamba DGA while the level of DCSA residues is assumed to be the maximum measured concentration (61.1 ppm)

. Additionally, using the residues in a 1 kg mammal carcass is also likely conse rvative, given that condor primarily feeds on larger prey species such as deer, elk, feral pigs, livestock, horses, and pinnipeds

. EPA determined the field
meta bolic rate of the California condor through the use of a published peer reviewed allometric
equ ation that relates bodyweight to energy requirements. Values were obtained from a published peer reviewed EPA document produced by the Office of Research and Development for Agency

wide use in conducting ecological risk assessment ( USEPA, 1993 ) and the wo rk of Dunning, 1984 . The mass of dicamb a DGA in the mammalian prey diet is determined from the T

- REX run found in the addendum to the screening

- level risk assessment ( USEPA, 2016a )

, issued

c oncurrently with this refined risk assessment The mass of prey c onsumed per day is then multiplied by mass of dicamba in the mammal’s diet to determine th e mass of dicamba or DCSA in the condor’s daily diet in mg/day. Th en the daily dose that the condor (considering its bodyweight) receives is determined by multiplyin g the mass of dicamba or DCSA in the exposed mammalian prey ( which had consumed exclusively exposed plants ) divide d by the bodyweight of the condor . Then EPA scaled the acute toxicity endpoint (based on the tested surrogate bird species, bobwhite quail’s d efault weight of 178 grams) to the bodyweight of the California condor to determine the a cute oral toxicity for the condor

. For exposures to DCSA residues, the chronic toxicity endpoint for the mallard (the most sensitive tested species) was modified by t he relationship between the chronic dicamba and DCSA endpoints for rats (a 17x difference). The
acute RQ for dicamba exposures is then calculated by dividing the daily dose of d icamba from consuming the exposed mammal carcasses by the acute oral toxicity endpoi nt while the chronic RQ is calculated by dividing the daily dose of DCSA by the chronic toxicity endpoint . In this

case , the acute RQ was 0.01 , which is below the endangered species level of concern of 0.1 while the chronic RQ was 0. 02 which is below the listed and non

- listed species chronic LO of 1.0 . At this point, EPA was able to conclude that dicamba DGA would not have an effect on the California condor

.

Birds

The screening

- level assessment s showed that birds could be at risk of mortality fr om acute exposures to dicamba DGA on treated fields, but chronic risk was not expected as no chronic RQs exceeded the Agency’s LOC (1.0) for chronic risk (USEPA 2011. D378444, p. 15). The concurrently issued soybean addendum did indicate that chronic expos ures to DCSA residues in soybean could be a concern, while the screening level cotton assessment indicated that chronic exposures to DCSA residues in cotton would not exceed the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk. Therefore, for listed species that could reaso nably be expected to occur on treated soybean and cotton fields, EPA conducted a refined assessment for acute (dicamba only) and chronic (DCSA only, and only for soybean) exposures. Of the remaining bird species identified as potentially at acute risk in t he seven states, two are reasonably expected to occur on treated soybean and cotton

### 11 

### fields. Therefore, species specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determin ations for those species.

California condor

Dicamba Acute Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for birds show ed concerns for acute effects. The species ’ 5

- Year review (USFWS, 2013) describes the condor as an obligate sca venger feeding primarily on large mammalian carcasses including deer, elk, feral pigs, livestock, horses, and pinnipeds, though smaller carrion may also be consumed. The assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to account for the condor ’s biology:

The first step in the refinement process is to calculate dicamba DGA residues in the prey species. Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal that feeds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba

, EFED calculated the residues in this prey as 40.17 mg dicamba DGA salt/kg

- bw (T

- REX modeling from concurrently issued dicamba soybean addendum)

. The next step is to calculate the expected daily dose for a typical 10 kg (10000 g , Dunning 1984 ) condor, the adjusted LD 50 

### value, and the acute dose

- based RQ for the condor based on the following allometric equations:
Food Intake (wet) = (0. 301 (1 0000 ) 0. 75 

### )/(1

- 0.69)/1000 = 0.97 kg wet/day

Dose

- based EEC in condor eating large mammal= 40.17 mg/kg wet x 0.97 /(1 00 00/1000)

= 3.90 mg/kg

- bw/day
Adjusted LD 50 

### = 188 mg/kg

- bw ( 10000 / 178 ) ( 1.15

- 1 ) 

### = 344 mg/kw

- bw

Acute Dose

- Based RQ = 3.90 / 344 = 0. 01
An RQ of 0. 01 does not exceed the LOC of 0.1 ; consequently a “no e ffect” determination is concluded for the California condor

.

DCSA Assessment for California condor consuming prey that had previously consumed soybean forage



### The first step in the refinement process is to calculate DCSA residues in the prey species. Usin g the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal and the conservative assumptions that the prey animal feeds exclusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated the residues ba sed on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day

### 12 

### 1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day
DCSA residue in prey eating soybean forage/hay 61.1 mg DCS A/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day

The next step is to calculate the expected daily dose for a typical 10 kg (10000 g, Dunning 1984) condor, the adjusted LD 50 

### value, and the acute dose

- based RQ for the condor based on the following allometric equations:
Food Intake (wet) = (0.301(10000) 0.75 

### )/(1

- 0.69)/1000 = 0.97 kg wet/day

Dose

- based EEC in condor eating large mammal= 9.34 mg/kg wet x 0.97/(10000/1000) = 0.91 mg/kg

- bw/day
Avian Chronic Endpoint of 695 mg/kg

- diet (from mallard duck s tudy for parent dicamba) modified by ratio of parent dicamba to metabolite DCSA f rom chronic rat studies (17 x) results in Avian chronic NOAEC of 40.88 mg/kg

- diet.

Chronic Dose

- Based RQ = 0.91 / 40.88 = 0.02

Audubon’s Crested Caracara

Dicamba Acute Effects A ssessment

The five year review (USFWS 2009) of the caracara indicated that c urrent habitat use includes (ranked highest to lowest proportion): improved pasture, dry prairie, freshwater marsh, mixed upland hardwoods, shrub swamp, shrub and brushland, grass land, pinelands, bare soil, urban, other agriculture, citrus, and scrub . It is therefore considered likely that individual birds may make use of cultivated soy bean and cotton fields as potential foraging habitat.

Initial screening level risk assessment results for birds indicated concerns for acute effects. The assumptions in the initial screen were adjusted to account for the c aracara ’s biology:

The first step in the refinement process is to calculate dicamba DGA residues in the prey species. The car acara is an opportunistic predator of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates (USFWS 1999). In evaluating dicamba residues from the screening risk assessment, the residues for a small bird consuming short grass exceed those of other dietary items (such as arthropods) and so conservatively serv e as a dietary exposure pathway for this species

- specific risk

assessment
, and EFED c alculates the residues as 299.47 mg DGA/kg

- bw (T

- REX modeling from concurrently issued dicamba soybean addendum) . Th is is a conservat ive approach as it assumes that the caracara if feeding exclusively on a prey species represented by a small (20g) bird feeding exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dica mba.

### 13 

### The next step is to calculate the expected daily dose for a typical 900g ( Dunning 1984) bird , the adjusted LD 50 

### value, and the acute dose

- based RQ for the caracara based on the following allometric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.146(9 00) 0.749 

### = 187 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight Dunning 1984)

. Mass of prey consumed per day = 187 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.78 AE) = 141 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.78 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, assu mption of small mammal prey from Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs July 15, 2013)

Mass of dica mba DGA in 2 0 g small bird diet item= 299.47 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba in daily diet = 141 g/day X 299.47 mg dicamba/kg

- ww small bird prey X 0.001 = 42.23 mg/day

Daily dose in cararcara = 42.23 dicamba/day/0.9 = 46.92 mg/kg

- bw/day

Adjuste d LD 50 

### = 188 mg/kg

- bw ( 90 0/178) (1.15

- 1) 

### = 239.74 mg/kw

- bw

Acute Dose

- Based RQ = 46.92 /239.74 = 0.20
An RQ of 0.20 exceeds the LOC of 0.1

, suggesting that even at a more refined level of assessment for this species an effect is possible should the species b e found in treated fields. Similar though lower RQs would follow for consumption of small mammals (screenin g assessment dicamba residue 250.70 mg/kg , but not for the more likely insect diet during p replant with screeni ng assessment residues of 102.99 mg/kg ).
The analysis suggests that if a caracara is feeding in a cotton or soybean field , then there is a potential for a lethal event. Establishing a potential for overlap between species range and the cropped areas proposed for treatment is an important co nsideration in how likely an exposure event might be for individual caracara. To evaluate overlap between cotton or soybean and a specific species range

, a GIS co

- occurrence analysis was conducted. The caracara’s range w as compared to the aggregated Natio nal Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported acres from the 2012 Census of Agriculture Full Report, and the 5 year aggregated USDA Cropland Data Layer (CDL) crop group layers. The most recent species range file provided by U.S Fish and W ildlife S er vice h eadquarters office, as of May 26, 2015, was used for these analyses.

To calculate the NASS overlap, first all the reported crops from the 2012 Census of Agriculture Full Report were cross walked into the 11 EFED crop groups for each county. All c ounties within the species range were selected from the aggregated crop group table, each crop was summed to generate the total NASS acres, and then percent overlap was calculated.

### 14 

### The CDL is the best available land cover data to spatially characterize agricultural crops nationally. As with any land cover data, there will be errors present. The accuracy of the CDL is well documented on a state by state basis. Essentially, major commodity crops have a more robust training and validation dataset than minor crops, and their accuracy values correspond accordingly. Several methods have been employed to minimize data errors within the CDL

.
The CDL has over 100 cultivated classes hierarchically grouped into 11 general classes

. Combining classes reduces errors o f omission and commission between similar crop categories. The CDL is also annually produced. Five years of CDL from 2010

- 2014 were temporally aggregated. The concept is that anywhere a class occurs within those 5 years is represented as a temporally aggre gated individual class. Temporal aggregation also accounts for crop rotations.

The CDL’s agricultural classes were further refined by comparing county level NASS 2012 Census of Agriculture (CoA) acreage reports to county level CDL acreages. If a county’s CDL acreage for a given class was lower than the CoA, EPA expanded the CDL class’s extent within cultivated areas until the CDL acreage matched the CoA acreage. Using the temporally and thematically aggregated CDL as an input, EPA developed a script that c ompares each CDL crop group in each county to the corresponding CoA acreage report. If the CDL acreage was less than NASS, EPA expanded the raster in 1 pixel iterations until the CoA value was reached, or the area within the county’s cultivated mask was bu ilt out. Region growing was restricted using the most recent CDL Cultivated Layer as a mask, so as to avoid buffering into any non

- agricultural land cover types. This method reduces land cover mapping errors by adjusting the extent of each category to the best available census values.

To calculate the overlap of the 5

- year CDL

- aggregated layers, the zonal statistics tool in ArcGIS was used to count the pixels for each layer within the species range. These counts were converted to an area measurement, and t he percent overlap calculated. The intersection of the maps represents the geographical extent of overlap of caracara habitat with cotton and soybeans. None of the Audubon’s crested caracara’s range overlaps with soybean using either the NASS or CDL data sets. Using the NASS dataset, none of the caracara’s range overlaps with cotton production while using the CDL dataset <0.00001% of the established range overlaps with cotton (1 acre cotton coverage overlap within the caracara’s habitat in Palm Beach Cou nty ). As the crop overlap analysis suggests no soybean cropland co

- occurrence with caracara range, EPA concludes a No E ffect (NE) determination for the soybean use.

On the basis of th e extremely low identified proportion of the distribution of the spe cies, the co

occurrence of the species with treated cotton is determined to not occur in the majority of the
caracara range (<0.00001%) , and to be highly unlikely to occur in the one county with any cotton acreage (Palm Beach County with 1 acre of cotton according to the CDL dataset ). Consequently, if the dicamba cotton label does not restrict Palm Beach County, EPA would conclude a May Affect/Not Likely to A dversely Affect (NLAA) determination for the Audubon’s Crested Caracara with Palm Beach County (concurrence pending) while a No Effect (NE) determination would be concluded for the other counties in the caracara ’s

### 15 

### range . If use in Palm Beach County was excluded on the cotton label, than EPA would also conclude a No Effect determination for the cotton use.

DCSA Assessment for Audubon caracara



### Given the acute analysis for parent dicamba DGA and the conclusion of a No effect or May Affect/Not Likely to Adversely Affect determination based on a lack of co

- occurrence of the caracara with soybean and cotton production outside of Palm Beach Cou nty and extremely low

co

- occurrence in Pal m Beach County , further analysis was deemed unnecessary for the DCSA degradate effects to the caracara.



## Mammals

The screening

- level assessments indicated that acute risk to mammals was not expected as no acute RQs exceeded the Agency’s LOC (0.1) for acute risk (U SEPA 2011. D378444, p. 15). However, the soybean screening

- level assessment (USEPA, 2011) indicated that mammals could be at reproductive risk from chronic exposures to dicamba DGA on treated fields, though the cotton screening level and concurrently issu ed soybean addendum (USEPA, 2016 a and USEPA, 2016b ) indicated that chronic exposures to dicamba DGA would be below the chronic LOC (1.0). This difference is due to soybean screening level risk assessment’s use of a chronic endpoint from the rat 2

- generation study (MRID 431 37101), of 45 mg/kg

- bw for the NOAEL, based on decreased pup weight at 136 mg/kg

- bw compared to the concurrent controls. HED recently reanalyzed the da ta from this study (USEPA, 2016c ; D431873 ) in comparison to the historical control database range and de termined that the NOAEL and LOAEL should be raised to 136 and 450 mg/kg

- bw, respectively, as pup weights in each generation in the 136 mg/kg

- bw treatment group were within the historical control range and above the historical control mean for the F1, F2A a nd F2B generations. Therefore, the cotton screening level risk assessment, the concurrently issued soybean addendum and this refined endangered species risk assessment use this revised NOAEL for dicamba DGA salt.

The concurrently issued soybean addendu m did indicate that chronic exposures to dicamba’s metabolite, DCSA, residues in soybean could be a concern, while the screening level cotton assessment indicated that chronic exposures to DCSA residues in cotton would not exceed the Agency’s LOC for chron ic risk. Therefore, EPA only conducted a refined assessment for chronic exposures to DCSA in soybeans for listed species that could reasonably be expected to occur on treated soybean fields.

Of the mammalian species identified as potentially at risk in the eleven states, four are reasonably expected to occur on treated soybean fields. Species specific biological information and dicamba DGA use patterns were considered in more depth to further refine the assessment and effects determinations for the fou r species potentially expected to occur on treated soybean fields.

### 16 

### Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel

Dicamba Chronic E ffects Assessment

The recovery plan for the squirrel (USFWS 1993; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930608.pdf) ) discusses a number of food items for the organism, ho we ver much of the discussion centers on forest habitat and its r e sources. The document does mention the squirrel ’s association with woodlands proximal to corn and soybean fields. Corn, soybean, and other grains provide reliable supplemental food according to Sheperd and Sw ihart (1995). However, it is unlikely, given the toxic gossypol content of cotton seed, that the plant provides similar resources as soybean for the squirrel. The following represents a refined risk assessment considering the body mass associated energy r equirements of the squirrel and the use of soybean s as a food source.

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects. Using the conservative assumption that 100% of the fox squirrel’s diet is made up o f exposed soybean seed/grain having received the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba, e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for fox squirrel’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 2. 514 ( 800 ) 0. 507 

### = 74.51 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the fox squirrel from Recovery Plan (USFWS 199 3 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930608.pdf ))

Mass of soybean seed consumed per day = 74.51 kcal/day /( 5 kca l/g ww X 0. 85 AE)= 17.5 g/day ( 5 is energy content of seed item from USEPA (1993); 0. 85 is assimilation efficiency for seeds consumed by rodents from USEPA 1993)

Mass of dicamba DGA in seed/grain diet 17.74 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run (conservative estimate o f exposure for the fox squirrel’s diet of tree mast, buds, flowers, insects, fruit, seeds etc. and available dietary items in agricultural fields )

.

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 17.5 g/day X 1 6.43 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww seed X 0.001 = 0.29 mg/day

Da ily dose in fox squirrel = 0.29 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 0.8 kg = 0.36 mg/kg

- bw/day

Fox squirrel NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw (350/ 800 ) (0.25) 

### = 110.61 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 0.36 / 110.61 = 0. 0 03

A chronic RQ of 0. 0 0 3 does not exceed the ch ronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, it is reasonable to make a “no effect” determination for the Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel

.

### 17 

### DCSA Analysis for Delmarva Fox Squirrel consuming DCSA residues present in soybean grain

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects. Using the conservative assumption that 100% of the fox squirrel’s diet is made up of exposed soybean seed/grain having containing the maximum measured DCSA residues,

e xposure assumptions from t he screening assessment were adjusted to account for fox squirrel’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 2.514 (800) 0. 507 

### = 74.51 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the fox squirrel from Recovery Plan (USFWS 1993; ht tp://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/930608.pdf))

Mass of soybean seed/grain consumed per day = 74.51 kcal/day /( 5 kcal/g ww X 0. 85 AE)= 17.5 g/day ( 5 is energy content of seed item from USEPA (1993); 0. 85 is assimilation efficiency for seeds consumed by rodents from USEPA 1993)

Mass of DCSA in seed/grain diet 0.44 mg/kg

- ww ( maximum empirical residues for the most likely available dietary items (soybean grain) in agricultural fields )

.

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 17.5 g/day X 0.44 mg DCSA /kg

- ww seed X 0 .001 = 0.008 mg/day

Daily dose in fox squirrel = 0.008 mg DCSA /day/0.8 kg = 0.01 mg/kg

- bw/day

Fox squirrel NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw (350/800) (0.25) 

### = 6.51 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 0.01 / 6.51 = 0. 0 01

A n chronic RQ of 0. 0 01 does not e xceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, it is reasonable to make a “no effect” determination for the Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel.

Jaguar

Dicamba Chronic Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified co ncerns for chronic effects. Jaguars are ambush hunters with large home ranges, capable of feeding on a wide variety of prey, though medium

- sized (1

- 10 kg) and larger prey appear to be much more commonly used than smaller prey species (USFWS, 2012, Rosas

- R osas, 2006 and López

González and Miller, 2002). Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal that feeds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the

### 18 

### upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba, e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the jaguar’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167( 45000 ) 0.862 

### = 6326 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the jaguar fro m Recovery Plan

, USFWS 2012 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/049777%20

- %20Jaguar%20Recovery%20Outline%20

- %20April%202012_2.pdf)

Mass of prey consumed per day = 6326 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 4430 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993 , 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan

, USFWS 2012; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/049777%20

- %20Jaguar%20Recovery%20Outline%20

- %20April%202012_2.pdf)

Mass of dicamba DGA in 1 kg mamm al diet 40.17 mg/kg

- ww (conservative estimate for a 1 kg mammal feeding on short grass) from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 4430 g/day X 40.17 mg dicamba DGA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 178 mg/day

Daily dose in jaguar = 178 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 45 kg = 3.95 mg/kg

- bw/day

Jaguar NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/ 45 000 ) (0.25) 

### = 40.39 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 3.95 / 40.39 = 0. 1 0

.
A chronic RQ of 0. 1 0 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, a “no effect” dete rmination is made for the jaguar.

DCSA Assessment for Jaguar consuming prey that had previous consumed exposed soybean forage

Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal that feeds exclusively on exposed soy bean forage containing the maximum measured DCSA residues (61.1 mg/kg), e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the jaguar’s biology :

The first step in the refinement process is to calculate DCSA residues in the pre y species. Using the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal and the conservative assumptions that the prey animal feeds exclusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated the residues based on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

### 19 

### 1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day

DCSA residue in prey eating soybean forag e/hay 61.1 mg DCSA/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day

The next step is to determine the expected daily dose for a typical 45 kg jaguar , the adjusted NOAEL value and the chronic dose

- based RQ for the jaguar based on the following allom etric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167(45000) 0.862 

### = 6326 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the jaguar from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2012; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/049777%20

- %20Jaguar%20Recovery %20Outline%20

- %20April%202012_2.pdf)

Mass of prey consumed per day = 6326 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 4430 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2012; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/049777%20

- %20Jaguar%20Recovery%20Outline%20

- %20April%202012_2.pdf)

Mass of DCSA in 1 kg mammal diet = 9 .34 mg/kg

- ww (conservative estimate for a 1 kg mammal feeding on soybean forage containing the maximum measured empirical residues of 61.1 mg/kg )

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 4430 g/day X 9.34 mg DCSA A/kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 41.38 mg/day

Daily dose in jaguar = 41.38 mg DCSA /day/45 kg = 0.92 mg/kg

- bw/day

Jaguar NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw X (350/45000) (0.25) 

### = 2.38 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 0.92 / 2.38 = 0. 39

A chronic RQ of 0. 39 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, a “no effect” determination is made for the jaguar.

Florida Panther

Dicamba Chronic Effec ts Assessment

### 20 

### Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects. The recovery plan (USFWS, 2008) describes the panther as a wide ranging animal primarily feeding on white

- tailed deer and feral hogs with s econdary prey including raccoon, armadillos, rabbits and alligators. Using the conservative assumptions that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal that feeds exclusively on exposed short grass receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from th e spray application of dicamba, e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the panther ’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167( 34 000) 0.862 

### = 4968 kcal/day (USEPA 1993 , body weight reflects screening assumpti on for the typical panther female from Recovery Plan, USFWS 20 08 )

Mass of prey consumed per day = 4968 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 3479 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2 008 )

Mass of dicamba DGA in 1 kg mammal diet 40.17 (conservative estimate for a 1kg mammal feeding on short grass) mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 3479 g/day X 40.17 mg dicamba DGA /k g

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 139.75 mg/day

Daily dose in panther = 139.75 mg dicamba DGA /day/ 34 kg = 4.11 mg/kg

- bw/day

Panther NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/34 000) (0.25) 

### = 43.32 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for ch ronic effects = 4.11/43.32 = 0.09

A chroni c RQ of 0. 09 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently, a “no effect” determination is made for the panther

.
DCSA Assessment for Florida panther consuming prey that had consumed exposed soybean forage

The first step in the refinement process i s to calculate DCSA residues in the prey species. Using the assumption that the prey species is represented by a 1000 g mammal and the conservative assumptions that the prey animal feeds exclusively on exposed soybean forage containing the maximum measured residues of 61.1 ppm , EFED calculated the residues based on the following allometric equations (USEPA, 1993):

1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (dry) = 0.621(1000) 0.564 

### =30.56 g /day

### 21 

### 1000 g mammal prey ingestion rate (wet) = 30.56/0.2 = 152.8 g/day

DC SA residue in prey eating soybean forage/hay 61.1 mg DCSA/kg

- food (ww) x 0.1528 kg food/kg

- bw = 9.34 mg/kg

- bw/day

The next step is to determine the expected daily dose for a typical 34 kg panther , the adjusted NOAEL value and the chronic dose

- based RQ for the panther based on the following allometric equations:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 0.6167( 34 000) 0.862 

### = 4968 kcal/day (USEPA 1993 , body weight reflects screening assumption for the typical panther female from Recovery Plan, USFWS 20 08 )

Mass of pr ey consumed per day = 4968 kcal/day/(1.7 kcal/g ww X 0.84 AE)= 3479 g/day (1.7 is energy content of prey item from USEPA (1993); 0.84 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, 1 kg mammal diet from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2 008)

Mass of DCSA in 1 kg mammal diet 9.34 (conservative estimate for a 1kg mammal feeding on soybean forage containing the maximum measured empirical resiudes of 61.1 mg/kg

- ww )

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 3479 g/day X 9.34 mg DCSA /kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 32.49 mg/day

Daily dose in panther = 32.49 mg DCSA /day/ 34 kg = 0.96 mg/kg

- bw/day

Panther NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw X (350/34000 ) (0.25) 

### = 2.55 mg/kg

- bw

T he RQ for chronic effects = 0.96/2.55 = 0.38

A chronic RQ of 0. 38 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0. Consequently , a “no effect” determination is made for the panther

.
Sonoran pronghorn

Dicamba Chronic Effects Assessment

Initial screening level risk assessment results for mammals identified concerns for chronic effects. Pronghorn consume forbs such as buckwheat, ragweed, milkvetch and borage species as well as some woody species including ironwood and mesquite and succulent fruit such as chain

fruit cholla (USFWS, 2015). Though many agricultural crops do not provide adequate forage for the pronghorn, some, such as alfalfa do (USFWS, 2015). Therefore, it is possible that pronghorn

### 22 

### may forage on agricultural crops such as soybean. G iven the toxic gossypol content of cotton plant parts, it is unlikely that this plant provides similar resources as soybean for the p ronghorn. Using the conservative assumptions that the pronghorn is exclusively consuming exposed broadleaf plants (the most likely dietary item with the highest modeled dicamba residues) receiving the upper bound Kenaga residues from the spray application of dicamba , e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the pronghorn ’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.419 ( 47630 ) 0. 727 

### = 3571 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the prongho rn from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2003 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/031126.pdf)

Mass of broadleaf plants consumed per day = 3571 kcal/day/( 0.63 kcal/g ww X 0. 76 AE)= 7458 g/day ( 0.63 is energy content of broadleaf dietary item from USEPA (1993); 0. 7 6 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, broadleaf plant diet from Recovery Plan, USFWS 20 0 3 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/031126.pdf )

Mass of dicamba DGA in broadleaf plant diet 1 47.91 mg/kg

- ww from T

- REX run

Mass of dicamba DGA in daily diet = 7458 g/day X 1 47.91 mg dicamba DGA/kg

- ww mammal prey X 0.001 = 1 103 mg/day

Daily dose in pronghorn = 11 03 mg dicamba DGA/day/ 47.63 = 2 3.16 mg/kg

- bw/day

Pronghorn NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 136 mg/kg

- bw X (350/ 47630 ) (0.25) 

### = 39.82 mg/kg

bw

The RQ for chro nic effects = 2 3.16 / 39.82 = 0.58

.
A chronic RQ of 0. 58 does not exceed the chronic LOC of 1.0

. Consequently, a “no effect” determination is made for the pronghorn.

DCSA Analysis for Pronghorn

Using the conservative assumptions that the pronghorn is ex clusively consuming exposed soybean plants containing the maximum measured DCSA residues (61.1 mg/kg) , e xposure assumptions from the screening assessment were adjusted to account for the pronghorn’s biology:

Field metabolic rate kcal/day = 1.419(47630) 0.7 27 

### = 3571 kcal/day (USEPA 1993, body weight reflects screening assumption for the pronghorn from Recovery Plan, USFWS 2003 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/031126.pdf)

### 23 

### Mass of soybean forage consumed per day = 3571 kcal/day/( 0.63 kcal/g ww X 0.76 A E)= 7458 g/day ( 0.63 is energy content of broadleaf dietary item from USEPA (1993); 0.76 is assimilation efficiency from USEPA 1993, broadleaf plant diet from Recovery Plan, USFWS 200 3 ; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/031126.pdf)

Mass of DCSA in br oadleaf plant diet 61.1 mg/kg

- ww (maximum measured concentrations in soybean forage)

Mass of DCSA in daily diet = 7458 g/day X 61.1 mg DCSA /kg

- ww soybean forage X 0.001 = 455.68 mg/day

Daily dose in pronghorn = 455.68 mg dicamba DGA/day/47.63= 9,57 mg/k g - bw/day

Pronghorn NOAEL mg/kg

- bw/day = 8 mg/kg

- bw X (350/47630) (0.25) 

### = 2.34 mg/kg

- bw

The RQ for chronic effects = 9.57 / 2.34 = 4.09

A chronic RQ of 4.09 exceed s the chronic LOC of 1.0, suggesting that an effect is possible should the species be found i n treated soybean fields (There were no exceedances for mammals feeding on DCSA contaminated cotton tissues based on the Section 3 screening level risk assessment. However, similar calculations conducted for pronghorn feeding in cotton fields would result in an RQ of 0. 42 , based on the maximum measu red DCSA residues in cotton . As this would be below the LOC, a “ no effect ” (NE) determination could be made for pronghorn feeding on cotton fields)

This analysis suggests that if a pronghorn is feeding in a soybean field there is a potential for a lethal event. Establishing a potential for overlap between species range and the cropped areas proposed for treatment is an important consideration in how likely an exposure event might be for individual pronghorn.

To evaluate overlap between cotton and soybean and a specific species range a GIS co

occurrence analysis was conducted. Specific species range maps for the pronghorn are not currently available. However, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Species Profile Pag e 2 

### identifies the pronghorn to be known or believed to occur in Yuma, Pinal, Maricopa, Pima, La Paz and Santa Cruz counties. The pronghorn recovery plan (USFWS, 1998) describes pronghorn habitat as broad alluvial valleys ranging in elevation from 122 meter s in the west to 488 meters in the east. Using the county and elevation information, t he species ’ range w as compared to the aggregated NASS reported acres from the 2012 Census of Agriculture Full Report, and the 5 year aggregated CDL crop group layers.

https://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=A009

. Accessed 6/16/2015. 3 Critical habitat designation status determined using U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservati on Online System (ECOS) species profiles.

### 24 

### To calculate the NASS overlap, first all the reported crops from the 2012 Census of Agriculture Full Report were cross walked into the 11 EFED crop groups for each county. All counties within the species range were selected from the aggregated crop group table, each crop was summed to generate the total NASS acres, and then percent overlap was calculated.

The CDL is the best available land cover data to spatially characterize agricultural crops nationally. As with any land cover data, there will be err ors present. The accuracy of the CDL is well documented on a state by state basis. Essentially, major commodity crops have a more robust training and validation dataset than minor crops, and their accuracy values correspond accordingly. Several methods hav e been employed to minimize data errors within the CDL.

The CDL has over 100 cultivated classes hierarchically grouped into 11 general classes. Combining classes reduces errors of omission and commission between similar crop categories. The CDL is also an nually produced. Five years of CDL from 2010

- 2014 were temporally aggregated. The concept is that anywhere a class occurs within those 5 years is represented as a temporally aggregated individual class. Temporal aggregation also accounts for crop rotations

.
The CDL’s agricultural classes were further refined by comparing county level NASS 2012 Census of Agriculture (CoA) acreage reports to county level CDL acreages. If a county’s CDL acreage for a given class was lower than the CoA, EPA expanded the CDL cl ass’s extent within cultivated areas until the CDL acreage matched the CoA acreage. Using the temporally and thematically aggregated CDL as an input, EPA developed a script that compares each CDL crop group in each county to the corresponding CoA acreage r eport. If the CDL acreage was less than NASS, EPA expanded the raster in 1 pixel iterations until the CoA value was reached, or the area within the county’s cultivated mask was built out. Region growing was restricted using the most recent CDL Cultivated L ayer as a mask, so as to avoid buffering into any non

- agricultural land cover types. This method reduces land cover mapping errors by adjusting the extent of each category to the best available census values.

To calculate the overlap of the 5 year CDL

- agg regated layers, the zonal statistics tool in ArcGIS was used to count the pixels for each layer within the species range. These counts were converted to an area measurement, and the percent overlap calculated. This process was repeated to calculate the ov erlap of each crop group layer with the species range between 122 and 488 m using t he National Elevation Dataset

. The National Elevation Dataset was download ed on May 26, 2015 from: http://ned.usgs.gov/

.

In Yuma, Pinal , Maricopa, Pima, La Paz and Santa Cruz counties between 122 and 488 meters, there was no identified soybean production according to either the NASS or CDL datasets. Cotton production was limited to 0.24% (CDL) to 0.74% (NASS) of the area in those counties at this elevation. S ince the screeing level assessment identified that risks to mammals are not anticipated for dicamba use on dicamba

- tolerant cotton (levels of concern were not exceeded for exposure to either dicamba or its degradate DCSA )

, a No Effect (NE) determination is concluded for pronghorn feeding on cotton fields. Since the crop overlap analysis suggests

### 25 

### that there is no soybean cropland co

- occurrence with pronghorn range, EPA also concludes a No Effect (NE) determination for pronghorn from so ybean uses

Critical Habitat Determinations

In addition to the species

- specific effects determinations, EFED also conducted a critical habitat modification analysis consistent with the Overview Document as discussed earlier in this refined

assessment. The critical habitat modification analysis is based on an assessment of how dicamba DGA salt would affect the U

. S

. Fish and Wildlife Service or National Marine Fisheries Service (the Servic es) established principle constituent elements (PCE’ s) of the designated habitat as well as how direct species effects outcomes would impact critical habitat’s present and future utility for promoting the conservation of a particular listed species. The A gency will conclude

“ modification ” of designated critical habitat if the range of designated critical habitat co

- occurs with the states subject to the Federal action and one or more of the following conditions exist:

1. The available Services ’ information indicates that cotton or soybean fields are habitat for the species and there is a “may a ffect” determination for the species associated with exposure to dicamba DGA salt or its degradate, DCSA

, as labeled.

2. The available Services ’ information indi cate s that the species uses cotton or soybean fields and one or more effects on taxonomic groups predicted for dicamba DGA salt or its degradate DCSA, on cotton and soybean fields would modify one or more of the designated PCEs

.

If n either of the above condit ions are met, EPA concludes “ no modification

. ”

Results of Analysis

Of the 3 22 listed species within the states, there are 30 8 species identified in the effects determinations as not using cotton or soybean fields and 1 4 species using these fields ( Appen dix 3 ). Critical habitats have been designated for 1 22 of the 3 22 species. One

- hundred sixteen ( 11 6 ) species with critical habitat were judged to not use cotton or soybean fields and so the critical habitat determination for these species was “no modific ation

. ”

The remaining 6 species with critical habitat designations were assumed to use cotton or soybean fields and so the previous listed species effects determinations were consulted to ascertain if any were determined to be at risk for direct adverse effects. None of the species were determined to be at risk for direct adverse effects, so the PCE’s listed in the Services’ critical habitat designations were consulted to determine if, in light of the screening assessment risk findings, they would be im pacted by on

- field exposure to dicamba DGA salt. For all but one of these species, the PCE’s are not relatable to agricultural fields and so a determination of no modification has been made for these 5 species.

### 26 

### The only remaining species using cotton or soybean fields and with critical habitat PCE’s relatable to agricultural fields was the whooping crane, for which agricultural fields were discussed as providing waste grain as a potential food source for migratory cranes. The only way the proposed dicam ba DGA salt could affect this PCE is by making grain potentially toxic to the birds. As there is unlikely to be any edible waste grain remaining following cotton harvesting, it is unlikely that the proposed dicamba DGA salt use on cotton could affect this PCE, however the proposed use on soybean could affect this PCE by making waste soybean grain potentially toxic.

The Health Effect s Division summarized available soybean grain residues of dicamba in the Human Health Risk Assessment for the Registration Eli gibility Decision for Dicamba and Associated Salts (DP317703). Based on the soybean trials results, maximum residues of dicamba were 0.04 ppm in hay, 0.097 ppm in forage, and 8.13 ppm in seed 6

- 8 days post treatment (MRIDs 43814101 and 44089307). These mea sured values were used to set the tolerance value of 10 ppm for soybean seeds . The measured residues are not reasonably expected to be at a level raising a concern for direct effects to the whooping crane because the direct effects assessment for this spe cies (presented in the Section 3 Risk Assessment Refined Endangered Species Assessment that assessed risks to endangered species in 16 states (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, O hio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin { DP 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723 } ) ) did not establish a concern for residues in other dietary items at much higher (~ 1 order of magnitude) concentrations than would occur at the maxim um measured residues in seed or if residues were present even at the tolerance level of 10.0 ppm. Because this analysis shows no direct effects of dicamba at levels that would be expected in the fields as waste grain, an indirect effect, there is no modif ication of critical habitat. Similarly, measured DCSA residues in waste soybean grain (0.44 ppm) would be well below the estimated DCSA concentrations in arthropods (42.5 ppm) used in the direct effects assessment for this species ( D416516+, pp. 9

- 10 ). Th erefore

, whooping crane critical habitat within the 11 states in this refined assessment would not be modified.
Summary of Determinations for Critical Habitat The Agency has determined that the proposed labeled use of dicamba DGA salt on cotton and soybean s will not modify designated critical habitat for all 122 species for which such habitats have been designated in AZ, CO, DE, FL, MD, NM, NJ, NY, PA, VA and WV

.

A s ummary of listed species identified as not being on agricultural fields with and without

cr itic al habitat designations for the seven states assessed for dicamba DGA salt is provided in Appendix 3

.

References:
Dunning, JB. 1984. Bodyweights of 686 species of North American birds. Western Bird Banding Association Monograph 1

.

### 27 

### López

- González, C.A. and B.J. Miller. 2002. Do jaguars ( Panthera onca ) depend on large prey? Western North American Naturalist 62(2): 218

— 222.

Rosas

- Rosas. O.C. 2006. Ecological status and conservation of jaguars ( Panthera onca ) in northeastern Sonora, Mexico. Ph.D . Dissertation, Mew Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Sheperd, B.F. and R.K. Swihart. 1995. Spatial dynamics of fox squirrels ( Sciurus niger ) in fragmented landscapes. Can. J. Zool. 73: 2098

— 2105.

United States Environmental Protectio n Agency (USEPA). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook EPA/600/R

- 93/187a, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.

USEPA, 2013. Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determ inations, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington DC. July 15, 2013

.

USEPA, 2016a. Dicamba DGA: Second Addendum to the Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for Dicamba DGA salt and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) for the Section 3 New Use on Dicamba

- Tolerant Soybean. D426789. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington, DC. March 24, 2016

USEPA, 2016 b. Ecological Risk Assessment for Dicamba DGA Salt and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA), for the Propo sed New Use on Dicamba

- Tolerant Cotton (MON 87701). DP Barcodes: 404823. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington, DC. March 24, 2016.

USEPA, 2016c. 3,6

- Diclor osalicyclic acid (DCSA): Benchmark Dose Analysis of a Reproduction Study. Health Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington D.C. March, 2, 2016. D431873.

USEPA, 2016 d

. Addendum to Dicamba Diglycolamine Salt (DGA) Section 3 Risk Assessment: Refined Endangered Species Assessmen t for Proposed New Uses on Herbicide

- Tolerant Soybean and Cotton. DP Barcodes: 416416, 420160, 420159, 420352, 421434, 421723

. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington, DC. M arch 24, 2016

USEPA, 2016e. Addendum to Dicamba Diglycolamine (DGA) Salt and its Degradate, 3,6

- dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) Section 3 Risk Assessment: Refined Endangered Species Assessment for Proposed New Uses on Herbicide

- Tolerant Cotton and Soybean in 7 U.S. States

### 28 

### (Alabama, Geo rgia, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas) . D422305. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. Washington, DC. March 24, 2016

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1993. Delmarva Fox Squirrel ( Sciurus niger cinereus ) Recovery Plan. Second Revision. 102 pp. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/re covery_plan/930608.pdf

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1995. Lesser Long

- nosed Bat Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 45 pp.

USFWS, 1998. Final Revised Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Plan. Albuquerque, N ew Mexico. 70 pp. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/981203.pdf

USFWS. 1999. South Florida multi

- species recovery plan. Atlanta, Georgia. 2172 pp. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/140903.pdf

USFWS. 2003. Supplement and Amendment to the 1998 Final Revised Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery Plan ( Antilocapra americana sonoriensis ). U.S. DOI Fish and Wildlife Service

, Albuquerque, New Mexico. I

- iv+60pp., A1

- 3, B1

- 30, C1

- 8. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/031126.pdf

USFWS. 2008. Florida Panther Recovery Plan ( Puma concolor coryi ), Third Re vision. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Atlanta, Georgia. 217 pp. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/081218.pdf

USFWS. 2009. Florida Population of the Audubon’s Crested Caracara ( P olyborus plancus audubonii )=Northern Crested Caracara ( Caracara cheriway ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc2507.pdf

USFWS. 2012. Recovery Outline for the Jaguar ( Panthera onca ). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2. April, 2012. 59 pp. URL: http://ecos.fws.gov /docs/recovery_plan/049777%20

- %20Jaguar%20Recovery%20Outline%20

- %20April%202012_2.pdf

USFWS. 2013. California Condor ( Gymnogyps californianus ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Pacific Southwest Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. June, 2013.

### 29 

### Appendix 1

Threatened and Endangered Species in Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia

Common Name Scientific Name Taxon Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Mammal Black

- fo oted ferret Mustela nigripes Mammal Gray wolf Canis lupus Mammal Finback whale Balaenoptera physalus Mammal Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Mammal North Atlantic Right Whale Eubalaena glacialis Mammal Gray bat Myotis grisescens Mammal Canada Ly nx Lynx canadensis Mammal Virginia big

- eared bat Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus Mammal Ocelot Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis Mammal Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Mammal Mexican long

- nosed bat Leptonycteris nivalis Mammal Red

- cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis Bird Mexican spotted owl Strix occidentalis lucida Bird Piping Plover Charadrius melodus except Great Lakes watershed Bird Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Great Lakes watershed Bird
Least ter n Sterna antillarum Bird
Roseate tern Sterna dougallii dougallii Bird Southwestern willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus Bird Lesser Prairie

- Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Bird Whooping crane Grus americana Bird Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmo chelys imbricata Reptile Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea Reptile Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Reptile Kemp's ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii Reptile Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas Reptile Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevir ostrum Fish Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis Fish Spotfin Chub Erimonax monachus Fish Slender chub Erimystax cahni Fish Yellowfin madtom Noturus flavipinnis Fish Blackside dace Phoxinus cumberlandensis Fish Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi Fish Smalleye Shiner Notropis buccula Fish Duskytail darter Etheostoma percnurum Fish Cumberland bean (pearlymussel) Villosa trabalis Bivalve
Choctaw bean Villosa choctawensis Bivalve

### 30 Purple bean Villosa perpurpurea Bivalve Appalachian monkeyface (pearlym ussel) Quadrula sparsa Bivalve

Chipola slabshell Elliptio chipolaensis Bivalve Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) Quadrula intermedia Bivalve

Fat three

- ridge (mussel) Amblema neislerii Bivalve Fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum Bivalve Pink mucket ( pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta Bivalve Dromedary pearlymussel Dromus dromas Bivalve Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata Bivalve Littlewing pearlymussel Pegias fabula Bivalve Finerayed pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus Bivalve
Gulf moccasinshell Medionidus pe nicillatus Bivalve Narrow pigtoe Fusconaia escambia Bivalve Ochlockonee moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus Bivalve Oval pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme Bivalve Rough pigtoe Pleurobema plenum Bivalve Shinyrayed pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata Bivalve Shiny pigtoe Fusconaia cor Bivalve Southern kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi Bivalve Southern sandshell Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis Bivalve Spectaclecase (mussel) Cumberlandia monodonta Bivalve Tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. wal keri) Bivalve Tapered pigtoe Fusconaia burkei Bivalve Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis Bivalve Clubshell Pleurobema clava Bivalve Cumberlandian combshell Epioblasma brevidens Bivalve Oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis Bivalve Cracking pearlymussel Hemis tena lata Bivalve Slabside Pearlymussel Pleuronaia dolabelloides Bivalve James spinymussel Pleurobema collina Bivalve Dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon Bivalve Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria Bivalve Northern riffleshell Epioblasma torulosa rangian a Bivalve Purple bankclimber (mussel) Elliptoideus sloatianus Bivalve Snuffbox mussel Epioblasma triquetra Bivalve
Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Bivalve Fluted kidneyshell Ptychobranchus subtentum Bivalve Sheepnose Mussel Plethobasus cyph yus Bivalve Pecos assiminea snail Assiminea pecos Gastropod Karner blue butterfly Lycaeides melissa samuelis Insect Mitchell's satyr Butterfly Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii Insect

### 31 Spruce

- fir moss spider Microhexura montivaga Arachnid Colorado Butter fly plant Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis Dicot Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) sunflower Helianthus paradoxus Dicot

Northern wild monkshood Aconitum noveboracense Dicot Small

- anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera Dicot Sneed pincushion cactus Coryp hantha sneedii var. sneedii Dicot Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Monocot Sensitive joint

- vetch Aeschynomene virginica Dicot Smooth coneflower Echinacea laevigata Dicot Swamp pink Helonias bullata Monocot Canby's dropwort Oxypolis canbyi Dic ot Eastern prairie fringed orchid Platanthera leucophaea Monocot Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum Dicot Michaux's sumac Rhus michauxii Dicot American chaffseed Schwalbea americana Dicot Houghton's goldenrod Solidago houghtonii Dicot Seabeach amaranth Am aranthus pumilus Dicot Virginia sneezeweed Helenium virginicum Dicot Virginia spiraea Spiraea virginiana Dicot Running buffalo clover Trifolium stoloniferum Dicot Ute ladies'

- tresses Spiranthes diluvialis Monocot Leedy's roseroot Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi Dicot
American hart's

- tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum Ferns Rock gnome lichen Gymnoderma lineare Lichen Sonoran pronghorn Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Mammal Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel Sciurus niger cinereus M ammal Florida panther Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi Mammal Jaguar Panthera onca Mammal Mount Graham red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis Mammal
N ew Mexico meadow jumping

mouse Zapus hudsonius luteus Mammal

Lesser long

- nosed bat Leptonycteri s curasoae yerbabuenae Mammal Preble's meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius preblei Mammal Hualapai Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis Mammal Red wolf Canis rufus Mammal California condor Gymnogyps californianus Bird Florida grasshopper spar row Ammodramus savannarum floridanus Bird Yuma clapper rail Rallus longirostris yumanensis Bird Masked bobwhite (quail) Colinus virginianus ridgwayi Bird California least tern Sterna antillarum browni Bird American crocodile Crocodylus acutus Reptile Atlantic salt marsh snake Nerodia clarkii taeniata Reptile

### 32 New Mexican ridge

- nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi obscurus Reptile

Bluetail mole skink Eumeces egregius lividus Reptile Bog (=Muhlenberg) turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii Reptile Desert tortois e Gopherus agassizii Reptile Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais couperi Reptile
Narrow

- headed gartersnake Thamnophis rufipunctatus Reptile Northern Mexican gartersnake Thamnophis eques megalops Reptile Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi Amphibian
Frosted Flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulatum Amphibian Jemez Mountains Salamander Plethodon neomexicanus Amphibian Reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystoma bishopi Amphibian Shenandoah salamander Plethodon shenandoah Amphibian
Sonora tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi Amphibian Chiricahua leopard frog Rana chiricahuensis Amphibian Humpback chub Gila cypha Fish Maryland darter Etheostoma sellare Fish Colorado pikeminnow (=squawfish) Ptychocheilus lucius Fish

Gila topmin now (incl. Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis Fish Apache trout Oncorhynchus apache Fish Gila trout Oncorhynchus gilae Fish Greenback Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Fish Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus Fish Diamond Darter Crystallaria ci ncotta Fish Roanoke logperch Percina rex Fish Bonytail chub Gila elegans Fish Chihuahua chub Gila nigrescens Fish Sonora chub Gila ditaenia Fish Virgin River Chub Gila seminuda (=robusta) Fish Yaqui catfish Ictalurus pricei Fish Gila chub Gila inter media Fish Yaqui chub Gila purpurea Fish Loach minnow Tiaroga cobitis Fish Desert pupfish Cyprinodon macularius Fish Beautiful shiner Cyprinella formosa Fish Okaloosa darter Etheostoma okaloosae Fish Pecos bluntnose shiner Notropis simus pecosensis Fish Little Colorado spinedace Lepidomeda vittata Fish Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus Fish Spikedace Meda fulgida Fish Zuni Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus yarrowi Fish Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus Fish

### 33 Smalltooth sawfish Pr istis pectinata Fish Atlantic Sturgeon (gulf subspecies) Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Fish

Green blossom (pearlymussel) Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum Bivalve Tubercled blossom (pearlymussel) Epioblasma torulosa torulosa Bivalve

Birdwing pearlymussel Lemiox rimosus Bivalve Rough rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica strigillata Bivalve Chittenango ovate amber snail Succinea chittenangoensis Gastropod Flat

- spired three

- toothed Snail Triodopsis platysayoides Gastropod Virginia fringed mountain snail Polyg yriscus virginianus Gastropod Kanab ambersnail Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis Gastropod Alamosa springsnail Tryonia alamosae Gastropod Chupadera springsnail Pyrgulopsis chupaderae Gastropod Roswell springsnail Pyrgulopsis roswellensis Gastropod
Koster's s pringsnail Juturnia kosteri Gastropod Three Forks Springsnail Pyrgulopsis trivialis Gastropod San Bernardino springsnail Pyrgulopsis bernardina Gastropod Socorro springsnail Pyrgulopsis neomexicana Gastropod Pawnee montane skipper Hesperia leonardus mo ntana Insect Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly Boloria acrocnema Insect Northeastern beach tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Insect Puritan tiger beetle Cicindela puritana Insect Hay's Spring amphipod Stygobromus hayi Crustacean Madison Cave iso pod Antrolana lira Crustacean Socorro isopod Thermosphaeroma thermophilus Crustacean Noel's Amphipod Gammarus desperatus Crustacean Lee County cave isopod Lirceus usdagalun Crustacean Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp Palaemonetes cumingii Crustacean
Acun a Cactus Echinomastus erectocentrus var. acunensis Dicot Fickeisen Plains cactus Pediocactus peeblesianus fickeiseniae Dicot DeBeque phacelia Phacelia submutica Dicot Sacramento prickly poppy Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta Dicot Sentry milk

- vet ch Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax Dicot Mancos milk

- vetch Astragalus humillimus Dicot Osterhout milkvetch Astragalus osterhoutii Dicot Virginia round

- leaf birch Betula uber Dicot Navajo sedge Carex specuicola Monocot Lee pincushion cactus C oryphantha sneedii var. leei Dicot Lewton's polygala Polygala lewtonii Dicot Jones Cycladenia Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii Dicot Nichol's Turk's head cactus Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii Dicot Kuenzler hedgehog cactus Echinocereus fend leri var. kuenzleri Dicot

### 34 Arizona hedgehog cactus Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus Dicot Zuni fleabane Erigeron rhizomatus Dicot Gypsum wild

- buckwheat Eriogonum gypsophilum Dicot Penland alpine fen mustard Eutrema penlandii Dicot Brady pin cushion cactus Pediocactus bradyi Dicot Knowlton's cactus Pediocactus knowltonii Dicot Peebles Navajo cactus Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus Dicot Siler pincushion cactus Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri Dicot North Park phacelia P hacelia formosula Dicot Arizona Cliff

- rose Purshia (=Cowania) subintegra Dicot Northeastern bulrush Scirpus ancistrochaetus Monocot Colorado hookless Cactus Sclerocactus glaucus Dicot Mesa Verde cactus Sclerocactus mesae

- verdae Dicot San Francisco Pea ks ragwort Packera franciscana Dicot Todsen's pennyroyal Hedeoma todsenii Dicot Sandplain gerardia Agalinis acuta Dicot Kearney's blue

- star Amsonia kearneyana Dicot Welsh's milkweed Asclepias welshii Dicot Sacramento Mountains thistle Cirsium vinaceum Dicot Cochise pincushion cactus Coryphantha robbinsorum Dicot Pima pineapple cactus Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina Dicot clay

- loving wild buckwheat Eriogonum pelinophilum Dicot Peter's Mountain mallow Iliamna corei Dicot Holmgren milk

- vetch As tragalus holmgreniorum Dicot Huachuca water

- umbel Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva Dicot Pagosa skyrocket Ipomopsis polyantha Dicot Dudley Bluffs twinpod Physaria obcordata Dicot Shale barren rock cress Arabis serotina Dicot Penland beardtongue P enstemon penlandii Dicot Holy Ghost ipomopsis Ipomopsis sancti

- spiritus Dicot Dudley Bluffs bladderpod Lesquerella congesta Dicot Parachute beardtongue Penstemon debilis Dicot Canelo Hills ladies'

- tresses Spiranthes delitescens Monocot Gierisch mallow Sphaeralcea gierischii Dicot Aboriginal Prickly

- apple Harrisia aboriginum Dicot Apalachicola rosemary Conradina glabra Dicot Avon Park harebells Crotalaria avonensis Dicot Beach jacquemontii Jacquemontia reclinata Dicot Beautiful pawpaw Deeringot hamnus pulchellus Dicot
Brooksville bellflower Campanula robinsiae Dicot Cape Sable Thoroughwort Chromolaena frustrata Dicot Carter's mustard Warea carteri Dicot Carter's small

- flowered flax Linum carteri carteri Dicot

### 35 Chapman rhododendron Rhodod endron chapmanii Dicot Cooley's meadowrue Thalictrum cooleyi Dicot Cooley's water

- willow Justicia cooleyi Dicot Crenulate lead

- plant Amorpha crenulata Dicot Deltoid spurge Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea Dicot Etonia rosemary Conradina etonia Dicot Florida bonamia Bonamia grandiflora Dicot Florida brickell

- bush Brickellia mosieri Dicot Florida golden aster Chrysopsis floridana Dicot Florida semaphore cactus Consolea corallicola Dicot Florida skullcap Scutellaria floridana Dicot Flor ida ziziphus Ziziphus celata Dicot
Four

- petal pawpaw Asimina tetramera Dicot Fragrant prickly

- apple Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans Dicot Fringed campion Silene polypetala Dicot Garber's spurge Chamaesyce garberi Dicot Garrett's mint Dicerandra chr istmanii Dicot Gentian pinkroot Spigelia gentianoides Dicot Godfrey's butterwort Pinguicula ionantha Dicot Highlands scrub hypericum Hypericum cumulicola Dicot Key tree cactus Pilosocereus robinii Dicot
Lakela's mint Dicerandra immaculata Dicot
L ongspurred mint Dicerandra cornutissima Dicot Miccosukee gooseberry Ribes echinellum Dicot Okeechobee gourd Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensi s Dicot Papery whitlow

- wort Paronychia chartacea Dicot Pigeon wings Clitoria fragrans Dicot Pygmy fringe

- tree Chionanthus pygmaeus Dicot Roan Mountain Bluet Hedyotis purpurea var. montana Dicot Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Dicot Sandlace Polygonella myriophylla Dicot Scrub blazingstar Liatris ohlingerae Dicot Scrub buckwheat Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium Dicot Scrub lupine Lupinus aridorum Dicot
Scrub mint Dicerandra frutescens Dicot Scrub plum Prunus geniculata Dicot
Short

- leaved rosemary Conradina brevifolia Dicot Small's milkpea Galactia smallii Dicot
Snakeroot Eryngium cuneifolium Dicot Telephus spurge Euphorbia telephioides Dicot Tiny polygala Polygala smallii Dicot
White birds

- in

- a

- nest Macbridea alba Dicot
Wide

- leaf warea Warea amplexifolia Dicot

### 36 Wireweed Polygonella basiramia Dicot
Bartram's Hairs treak Butterfly Strymon acis bartrami Insect Florida Leafwing Butterfly Anaea troglodyta floridalis Insect Miami Blue Butterfly Cyclargus (=Hemiargus) thomasi bethunebakeri Insect Schaus swallowtail butterfly Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus Insect Flo rida perforate cladonia Cladonia perforata Lichen
Anastasia Island beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus phasma Mammal
Choctawhatchee beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus allophrys Mammal
Florida Bonneted bat Eumops floridanus Mammal Florida salt marsh vole M icrotus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli Mammal Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium Mammal Key Largo cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola Mammal Key Largo woodrat Neotoma floridana smalli Mammal Lower Keys marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris h efneri Mammal Perdido Key beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis Mammal Rice rat Oryzomys palustris natator Mammal
Southeastern beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris Mammal
St. Andrew beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis Mam mal West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris Mammal Audubon crested caracara Polyborus plancus audubonii Bird Cape Sable seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis Bird Everglade snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Bird
Florida scr ub

- jay Aphelocoma coerulescens Bird
Kirtland’s Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii Bird
Wood stork Mycteria americana Bird Bachman's warbler (=wood) Vermivora bachmanii Bird
Sand skink Neoseps reynoldsi Reptile
Stock Island tree snail Orthalicus reses (not i ncl. nesodryas) Gastropod Britton's beargrass Nolina brittoniana Monocot Harper's beauty Harperocallis flava Monocot Johnson's seagrass Halophila johnsonii Monocot Knieskern's Beaked

- rush Rhynchospora knieskernii Monocot Florida torreya Torreya taxi folia Conf/cycds Elkhorn coral Acropora palmate Coral Staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis Coral

### 37 

### Appendix 2
Listed Species Rationale for NO Effects When Action Area is Limited to Treated Agricultural Filed by Assumed Mitigation for Spray Drift

The spray drift (in

- field buffer) and rainfast mitigations discussed in the cotton section 3 ecological risk assessment (D404823), the concurrently issued soybean addendum (D426789) and at the beginning of this assessment are anticipated to restrict dicamba a nd DCSA residues above any threshold toxicity values to the agricultural field. Therefore, the following table describes the habitat and rationale for all listed species that were determined to not use cotton and soybean fields or resources that may overl ap with dicamba DGA uses. Species Habitat Rationale Source
Terrestrial Animals

Anastasia Island beach mouse

(Peromyscus polionotus phasma) Primarily located on coastal sand dunes, coastal scrub, sandy areas, and inland wood vegetation. The species

occ upy both frontal (primary and secondary) and scrub dune s. Habitat size is 3

- 14 linear m iles of beach. Young beach mice move an average of 432 m (1,415 ft) before establishing a home range. Elevated coastal scrub provides refugia from storms. The proposed u ses of dicamba DGA are not

ex pected to overlap with scrub, beach, dune or woody habitat. US FWS . 1993. Recovery Plan for the Anastasia Island

and Southeastern Beach Mouse. Atlanta Georgia. 30
pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930923b.pdf

.

US FWS . 2007. Anastasia Island beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus phasma ), 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Jacksonville, Florida. 25 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1086.pdf

. Bachman's warbler ( Vermivora bachmanii ) Breeds in palustrine forested wetlands; seen near longleaf pine forest near brackish marsh. (USFWS 2007) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands. USFWS 2007. Five Year Review: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1037.pdf

Bartram’s Hairstreak Butterfly,

(Strymon acis bar trami) Mostly occur within pine rocklands, specifically those that retain their mutual and sole host plant, pineland croton. Adult butterflies will also make use of rockland hammock and hydric pine flatwood vegetation when interspersed within the pine rock land habitat. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with pine rockland habitat. US FWS. 2014. Endangered Status for the Florida Leafwing and Bartam’s Scrub

Hairstreak Butterflies.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg

/FR

- 2014

- 08

- 12/pdf/2014

- 18614.pdf



### Black

- footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) The black

- footed ferret relies on prairie dog colonies for both food and shelter. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with prairie dog colonies. USFWS. 2008. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc2364.pdf

### 38 Butterfly, Karner blue ( Lycaeides

m elissa samuelis ) Habitat is successional areas with wild lupines, such as open areas in and near forest stands, along with old fields, highway and powerline rights

- of

way, and remnant barrens and savannas, having a broken or scattered tree or tall shrub c anopy (US FWS, 2003. pp.28

- 30) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with successional areas with lupines or other wildflowers. USFWS. 2003. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030919.pdf

Butterfly, Mitchell's satyr ( Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii ) Mitchell’s satyr habitat is best characterized as a sedge

- dominated fen community; Known habitats are all peatlands but range along a continuum from prairie/bog fen to sedge meadow/swamp. However, certain attributes
at ea ch site remain fairly constant. All historical and active habitats have a herbaceous community which is dominated by sedges, usually Carex stricta, with scattered deciduous and/or coniferous trees, most often L. laricina or Juniperus virginiana (red cedar) (US FWS 1998, pp. 11

- 12). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands or areas with sedge communities. USFWS 1998. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/980402.pdf

Cape Sable seaside
sparrow

(Ammodramus

mar itimus mirabilis) Species habitat consists of short hydroperiod prairie, freshwater to brackish marshes , m ixed marl prairie community that often includes muhly grass ( Muhlenbergia filipes ). These short

- hydroperiod prairies contain moderately dense, clumpe d grasses, with open space permitting ground movements by the sparrows. Sparrows tend to avoid tall, dense, saw

- grass

- dominated communities, spike

- rush ( Eleocharis sp. ) marshes, extensive cattail ( Typha sp. ) monocultures, long

The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not

ex pected to overlap with wetland habitats and open areas

. Agricultural field

mo nocultures are not expected to provide adequate habitat for the
sparrow. US FWS . 1999. South Florida multiple

- species recovery plan. Available on FWS website.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov

e ry_plan/140903.pdf

http://www.fws.gov/southeast/ vbpdfs/species/birds/csss.pdf

### 39 hydroperiod wetlands with
ta ll, dense vegetative cover, and sites supporting woody vegetation. Cape Sable seaside sparrows avoid sites with permanent water cover. 

### Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Species composition of the occupied forest may vary in different locations, some combination of hardwoods and conifers (particularly spruce and fir) appears essential to support these animals...Food sources for the Carolina northern flying squirrel include fungi, lichens, staminate cones, insects, and other animal matter (US FWS 1990, p. 6

- 7) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with hardwood and conifer forests. USFWS. 1990. Re covery Plan for Appalachian Northern Flying Squirrels.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

Chittenango ovate amber snail (Succinea chittenangoensis) Habitat is in a ravine at the base of the 167

- foot

- tall waterfall formed by Chittenango Creek. The snail requires cool to mild

temperature, moist conditions provided by the waterfalls and mist in its environment. The base of the waterfall, and the ledges where it is found comprise an early successional sere that is periodically rejuvenated to a bare sub strate by floodwaters. Seems to prefer green vegetation such as the various mosses, liverworts, and other low herbaceous vegetation found within the spray zone adjacent to the Falls (US FWS 2006. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overla p with waterfall habitat.

US FWS. 2006. Recovery Plan for the Chittenango Ovate Amber Snail

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060823.pdf

Choctawhatchee beach mouse

(Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) The beach mouse is inhabits coastal sand dunes a nd coastal scrub; primary, secondary, and interior or scrub dunes (vegetation includes sea oats, grasses, woody goldenrod, false rosemary, scrub oats, and yaupon holly). Approximately 2,500 acres of The proposed use s of dicamba DGA are no t expected to overlap with sand dune and coastal scrub habitat

. US FWS . 1987. Recovery plan for the Choctawhatchee,

Perdido Key and Alabama Beach Mouse. U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 45 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/870812.pdf

.

### 40 habitat separated into four populations. US FWS . 2007. Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus allophrys ), 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Panama City, Florida. 25 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1081.pdf

.

Everglade snail kite

(Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Located on wetlands, lowland freshwater marshes, and shallow vegetated edges of lakes (natural and manmade). Range restricted to the watersheds of the Everglades, Lake Okeechobee and Kissimmee, and Upper St. John River. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are no t expected to overlap with wetland habitat US FWS . 1999. South Florida multip le

- species recovery plan

. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach /MSRPPDF s/EvergladeSnailK ite.pdf

Flat

- spired three

toothed Snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) Found in cool, moist, deep fissures in shale, sandstone, and limestone outcrops and in talus. Outcrops of rock more than one meter high are considered potential habitat i f they contain cracks and crevices at least one meter deep. Rock structure is more important than the age and type of trees growing on rock. At night, the species has seen observed foraging and resting under wet leaves, next to rock structures. The propose d uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with rock outcrops.

US FWS. 2007. Flat

- spired Three

- Toothed Snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1172.pdf

Florida Bonneted b at

(Eumops floridanus) Habitat mainly consists of foraging areas and roosting sites, including artificial structures. Open, fresh water and wetlands provide prime foraging areas for bats. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with w etland and other aquatic habitats. US FWS. 2013. Endangered Species Status for the Florida Bonneted Bat.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 10

- 02/pdf/2013

- 23401.pdf

Florida Leafwing Butterfly

(Anaea troglodyta floridalis) Mostly occur within pine rocklands, specifically those that retain their mutual and sole host plant, pineland croton. Adult butterflies will also make use of rockland hammock and hydric pine flatwood vegeta tion when interspersed within the pine rockland habitat. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with pine rockland and other rocky or woody habitats. US FWS. 2014. Endangered Status for the Florida Leafwing and Bartam’s Scrub

Hairstre ak Butterflies.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg

/FR

- 2014

- 08

- 12/pdf/2014

- 18614.pdf

Florida salt marsh vole Located on salt marsh habitats dominated by salt grass ( Distichlis spicata ), but may also contain smooth cordgrass ( Spartina The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with salt marsh habitats. US FWS. 1997. Recovery plan for the Florida salt marsh vole. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta Georgia. 9pp.

### 41 (Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli) alterniflora ) and glasswort ( Salicornia spp.) vegetation. Dense ground

- level vegetation is common. Estimated home range is 804 square meters. http:/ /ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/970930d.pdf

.

Florida scrub

- jay

(Aphelocoma coerulescens) Habitat is mostly scrub communities (primarily oak scrub) with find, white, drained sand. Currently only occurs in scattered and often small patches in peninsular Florida. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland habitats. US FWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for the Florida Scrub Jay.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan /900509.pdf



### Frosted Flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma cingulatum ) Fire

- maintained, open

canopied, flatwoods and savannas dominated by longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ), with naturally occurring slash pine ( P. elliotti ) in wetter areas. Adults spend most of their lives underground. Breed in small, isolated ephemeral ponds (USFWS 2009) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with flatwoods or

savannas. USFWS 2009. Federal Register, vol. 74, No. 62. 50 CFR 17. Endangered and threatened wildli fe and

plants; determination of

endangered status of reticulated flatwoods salamander; designation of critical habitat for frosted flatwoods salamander and reticulated flatwoods salamander. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Available on line at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2009

- 02

- 10/pdf/E9

- 2403.pdf#page=1 Bat, gray (My otis grisescens) Gray bats are year round cave dwellers, although they may also use mines. They hibernate from as late as November 10 to late March or early April. At other times, they forage from late afternoon through early morning within 12

- 20 miles of their caves, most often within 4 miles of their caves. Foraging habitat is strongly correlated with open waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) (US FWS, 2009, pp. 6

- 7). Historically, rivers near caves provided both foraging habitat and riparian tree veget ation that provided cover. Small The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to
encompass caves or the forest/open water areas where bats forage. USFWS. 1982. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/820701.pdf

USFWS. 2009. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc2625 .pdf

### 42 lakes and reservoirs where cover is not too distant also provide foraging habitat. Bats will opportunistically forage in riparian and upland areas, particularly when migrating (US FWS, 1982. pp. 6

- 7).

Key deer

(Odocoileus virginianus clavium) Habitat consists of pine flatwoods, pine rocklands, hardwood hammocks, buttonwood wetlands, mangrove wetlands, and freshwater wetlands. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetla nd , woodland or rocky habitats. US FWS . 1999. South Florida multi

- species recovery plan, Florida. United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach

/MSRPPDFs/KeyDeer.pd f

.

Key Largo cotton

mouse

(Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola) Tropical hardwood hammock; upland forest; tall canopy (average 9.8 m) and an open understory; c anopy trees include black ironwood ( Krugiodendron ferreum ), gumbo limbo ( Bursera simaruba ) Jam aican dogwood ( Piscidia piscipula ), mahogany ( Swietenia mahagani ), pigeon plum ( Coccoloba diversifolia ), poisonwood ( Metopium toxiferum ), trangler fig ( Ficus aurea ), and wild tamarind ( Lysiloma latisiliquum ). Hammock understory contains torchwood ( Amyris

e lemifera ), milkbark ( Drypetes diversifolia ), wild coffee ( Psychotria nervosa ), marlberry ( Aroisia escallonioides ), stoppers ( Eugenia spp.), soldierwood ( Colubrina elliptica ), crabwood ( Gymnanthes lucida ), and velvetseed ( Guettarda scabra ); ground

cover con tains cheese shrub ( Morinda royoc ) and snowberry ( Chicocoea alba ); adjacent Salicornia coastal strands, recently burned fern

dominated ( Pteridium aquilinum ) areas. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wooded habitats. US FWS. 2 009. Key Largo Cotton Mouse ( Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola ), 5

- Year Review: Summary and

Evaluation. Vero Beach, Florida. 19 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_

year_review/doc23 78.pdf

. US FWS. 1999. Key Largo Cotton Mouse in South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan. Atlanta, Georgia. pgs. 4

- 79

- 4

- 95. 2172 pp.

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach /MSRP PDFs/KeyLargoCotton mouse.pdf ;

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/990518_1.pdf

.

### 43 Key Largo woodrat

(Neotoma floridana smalli) Habitat consists of tropical hardwood hammocks; mature and younger hardwood hammocks, as well as disturbed areas adjacent to mature hammocks. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wooded habitats. US FWS. 1999. Key Largo W

oodrat ( Neotoma floridana smalli ) in South Florida Multi

Spec ies Recovery Plan. Atlanta, Georgia. pgs. 4

- 195

- 4

- 216. 2172 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/990518_1.pdf

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach /MSRPPDFs/KeyLargoWoodr at.pdf

Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) Kirtland's warblers generally occupy jack pine stands that are 5

- 23 years old and at least 30 acres in size. Stands with less than 20% canopy o ver are rarely used for nesting. Occupied stands usually occur on dry, excessively drained and nutrient poor glacial outwash sands. They are structurally homogenous with trees ranging from 1.7

- 5.0 m in height (US FWS, 2012, p. 24). Species is migratory and mobile species and breeding areas are found in Wisconsin. The proposed dicamba DGA salt uses are not expected to overlap with jack pine stands. USFWS. 2012. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_re view/doc4045.pdf

Lower Keys marsh rabbit

(Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) Found in salt marshes, freshwater bordered with hammocks and flatwoods; transition zone on grasses and sedges, grassy marshes and prairies; coastal berm. Species occasionally use low shrub marshes and mangrove communities; salt marsh

butonwood transition zones, freshwater wetlands; upland pinelands and hammocks. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland or wooded habitats. US FWS. 1999. Lower Keys Rabbit ( Sylvilagus palustris

hefneri ) in South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan. Atlanta, Georgia. pgs. 4

- 151

- 4

- 172. 2172 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov

ery_plan/990518_1.pdf ; and http://www.fws.gov/southeast/ vbpdfs/species/mammals/lkmr .pdf

US FWS. 2007. Lower Keys Rabbit ( Sylvilagus palustris

hefneri ) 5

- Year review: Summary and Evaluation.

Vero Beach, Florida.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_

year_review/doc1110.pdf

US FWS. 1990. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for

### 44 the Lower Keys Rabbit and Threatened Status for the Squirrel Chimney Cave Shri mp. Federal Register Vol.

55, No. 120. June 21, 1990. pgs 25588

- 25591.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr1715.pdf

Lesser long

- nosed bat (Leptonycteris

curasoae yerbabuenae ) T he bat has evolved an apparent mutualistic association with columnar cacti Agave sp. The bat is principally a nectar feeder, foraging on the flowers of Agave , and in some minor proportions consuming the pollen, fruits, and any incidental insects associa ted with the flowers. The bat uses caves and mines as day
roosts. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the caves and mines the bat uses as day roosts and 

### The bat’s major resource need, Agave plants are not expected to be
on soy bean and cotton fields. USFWS. 199 5 . Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/970304.pdf



### Mexican spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis lucida ) Forest and canyonlands in SW U.S. (USFWS 2011, p. 7). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expecte d to overlap with forests or Canyonlands. USFWS 2011. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS website. http://ec os.fws.gov/docs/rec

overy_plan/FR00000557

- %20BP031995%20Draft% 20MSO%20Recovery%20P lan%20First%20Revision.p df

Miami Blue Butterfly

(Cyclargus (=Hemiargus) thomasi bethunebakeri) Species is a coastal butterfly reported to occur in openings and around the edges of hardwood hammocks (forest habitats characterized by broad

- leaved evergreens), and in other communities adjacent to the coast that are prone to frequent disturbances (e.g., coastal berm hammocks, dunes, and scrub). The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wooded, coastal or scrubland habitats. US FWS. 2012. Listing of the Miami Blue Butterfly as Endangered Throughout its Range: Listing of the Cassius

Blue, Ceraunus Blue, and Nickerbean Blue Butterflies as Threatened Due to S imilarity of Appearance to the Miami

Blue Butterfly in Coastal South and Central Florida: Final rule.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg

/FR

- 2012

- 04

- 06/pdf/2012

- 8088.pdf

Kanab ambersn ail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) The known Kanab ambersnail populations generally occur within habitat conditions described as marshes and other wetlands watered by springs and seeps at the base of sandstone or limestone cliffs. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 2011. Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3885.pdf

### 45 The sites this snail is fo und (Three Lakes and Vasey’s Paradise), vary in their vegetation distribution and water flow, with the Three Lakes site being more of a marsh habitat, while the Vasey’s Paradise site is a cool dolomitic spring habitat.

Virginia fringed mountain snail (Polygyriscus virginianus) Usually in areas wh ere limestone is mixed with clay soil and is associated with permanently damp rock fragments and angular limestone pieces. These areas are heavily shaded and may be overgrown with honeysuckle. Living individuals occur in the soil at depths of four to twent y

four inches. Live snails have never been observed on the soil surface The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with limestone outcrops.

US FWS species life

- history profile

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile.ac tio n?spcode=G00Z#lifeHistory

Narrow

- headed gartersnake ( Thamnophis rufipunctatus ) PCE’s are: 1) stream habitat 2) up to 600 ft space on either side of bankful stage river w/ sufficient structural characteristics to support life

history functions, 3) prey base of fish, 4) absence or low levels only of nonnative sunfish and catfish, bullfrogs and/or crayfish. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with stream or floodplain habitats. USFWS 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Pla nts; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Narrow

- Headed Gartersnake

. Federal Register V78(132): 41550

— 41608 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 201 3

- 07

- 10/pdf/2013

- 16520.pdf

New Mexico meadow jumping mouse ( Zapus hudsonius luteus ) PCE’s are: 1) riparian communities along rivers, streams, springs and wetlands, 2) flowing water that provides saturated soils supporting tall herbaceous vegetation com prised mostly of sedges and forbs, sufficient areas along a stream, ditch or canal that contain suitable habitat, adjacent floodplain and upland areas extending ~100m from water’s edge. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with ri parian communities and saturated soils. USFWS, 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat for the New Mexico Meadow Jumping Mouse. Federal Register V78(119): 37328

— 37363 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 06

- 20/pdf/2013

- 14366.pdf )

Northeastern beach tiger beetle (Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis) Open sand flats, dunes, water edges, beaches, woodland paths, and sparse grassy

areas. Maryland ( Calvert and Tangier Sound counties); Massachusetts (Coastal Massachusetts and The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with beach habitats. US FWS. 1994. Recovery Plan for Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940929b.pdf

### 46 Islands);Virginia (Eastern Shore and Western Shore)

Northern Mexican gartersnake ( Thamnophis eques megalops ) PCE’s are: 1) aquatic or riparian habitat, 2) up to 600 ft space on either side of bankful stage river w/ suf ficient structural characteristics to support life

history functions 3) prey base of native amphibians and fish and 4) absence or low levels only of nonnative sunfish and catfish, bullfrogs and/or crayfish. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expecte d to overlap with stream or floodplain habitats USFWS 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Narrow

- Headed Gartersnake

. Federal Register V78(132): 41550

— 41608 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 07

- 10/pdf/2013

- 16520.pdf

Pawnee montane skipper (Hesperia leonardus montana) The skippers occur in Colorado (Teller, Park, Jefferson, and Douglas) in dry, open, Ponderosa pine woodlands where the slopes are moderately steep with soils derived from Pikes Peak granite. The understory is limited in the pine woodlands. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats. US FWS. 1998. Recovery Plan for Pawnee Montane Skipper

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/980921.pdf 

### Perdido Key beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis ) Coastal sand dunes & coastal scrub (USFWS 1987, p. 2); primary, secondary and interior or scrub dunes (USFWS 2007, p. 9) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sand dunes or coastal scrub. USFWS. 1987. Recovery plan for the Choctawhatchee, Perdido Key and Alabama Beach Mouse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 45 pp. Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/870812.pdf

.

USFWS. 2007. Perdido Key Beach Mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis ), 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Panama City, Florida. 24 pp. Available online at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc1081.pdf

. Piping plover, Great Lakes watershed (Charadrius melodus) The breeding habitat of the Great Lakes DPS of the piping plover is well defined by the Critical Habitat designation. Critical Habitat for this The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sparsely vegetated sandy USFWS. 200 9. 5

- Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc3009.pdf

### 47 DPS consists of
approx imately 200 miles of Great Lakes shoreline (extending 1640 ft inland) in 26 counties in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Additional Critical Habitat for wintering populations of this DPS are in the south eastern United States and other areas that are outside the scope of this analysis (USFWS, 2000; USFWS, 2009, p.2). shorelines or islands of the Great Lakes. USFWS. 2000. Federal Register Notice http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fe deral_register/fr3648.pdf

Piping plover, except Great Lakes watershed (Charadrius melodus) The northern Great Plains DPS of the piping plover utilizes four types of habitats for breeding: alkali lakes and wetlands, inland lakes (Lake of the Woods), reservoirs, and rivers. Mos t breeding occurs along alkali lakes and wetlands, where nesting sites are generally wide, gravelly, salt encrusted beaches with minimal vegetation. At inland lakes, they use barren to sparsely vegetated islands, beaches, and peninsulas. Sparsely vegetat ed sandbars and reservoir shorelines are preferred in riverine systems (US FWS, 2002, p. 57640). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with shorelines, beaches, and sandbars of rivers and alkali wetlands. USFWS. 2002. Federal Registe r Notice. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fe deral_register/fr3943.pdf

Puritan tiger beetle (Cicindela puritana) The Maryland population (Calvert, Kent and Cecil Counties) is found in deep burrows, which they dig in sandy deposits on non

vegetated portions of the bluff face. The Connecticut population (Hartford; middlesex) is found in burrows among scattered The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to ove rlap with beach habitats.

US FWS. 1993. Recovery Plan for the Puritan Tiger Beetle

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930929a.pdf

### 48 herbaceous vegetation at the upper portions of sandy beaches and occasionally near the water’s edge.

Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly (Boloria acrocnema) All colonies known to FWS occur in alpine environments, within larg e patches of snow willow and on northeast facing slopes. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with alpine habitats. US FWS. 1994. Recovery Plan for Boloria acrocnema

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940317.pdf Bluetail mole skink (Eumeces egregius lividus) Habitat is primarily xeric (dry) upland communities above 30 m. The species relies on soils that have few root structures and sparse stands of vegetation but a large amount of debris providing shelter. These attributes ar e not consistent with cultivated row crop fields. The proposed dicamba DGA use sites are not expected to provide appropriate habitat. US FWS. 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida: Bluetail Mole Skink. United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach /MSRPPDFs/BluetailMoleSki nk.pdf

Bog (=Muhlenberg) turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Wetland habitats including dry, wet, and periodically flooded micro

- habitats and are often interspersed with agricultural areas and livestock grazing. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic habitats. US FWS. 2001. Recovery Plan for the Bog Turtle.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/010 515.pdf

Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi) This species occurs in red spruce and mixed deciduous forests. Microhabitats have high humidity, moist soil and cool temperatures. The forest floor is (usually) covered with liverwort ( Bazzania tril obata ) and contains rocks. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forest habitats. US FWS. 1991. Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi) recovery plan. United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/ recov ery_plan/910725.pdf

USFWS. 2009. Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi) 5

- year review: summary and evaluation.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3267.pdf.

### 49 Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis) Adults are primarily aquat ic and found in a variety of aquatic habitats including cienegas, springs, pools, cattle tanks, lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers. The species also requires permanent or semi

- permanent pools for breeding, water characterized by low levels of contamina nts and moderate pH, and may be excluded or exhibit periodic die

- offs where a pathogenic chytridiomycete fungus is present The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with aquatic habitats.

US FWS. 2007. Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chir icahuensis) final recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/070604_v3.pdf.

Desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii) The Mojave population of the desert tortoise is most commonly found within the desert scrub vegetation type, primarily in creoso te bush

scrub vegetation,but also in succulent scrub, cheesebush scrub, blackbush scrub, hopsage scrub, shadscale scrub, microphyll woodland, and Mojave saltbush

- allscale scrub. Within the desert microphyll woodland, the desert tortoise occurs in blue palo verde

- ironwood

- smoke tree woodland. The desert tortoise also occurs in scrub

steppe vegetation types of the desert and semidesert grassland complex

.

Within these vegetation type s, desert tortoises potentially can survive and reproduce where their basic habitat requirements are met. These requirements include a

s ufficient amount and quality of fo rage species; shelter sites for protection from predators and en vironmental extremes; suitable substrates for burrowing, nesting, and overwintering; various plant s for shelter; and adequate area for movement, dispersal, and gene flow. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with the scrub

- steppe vegetation types of the desert and semidesert grassland complex (Mojave popula tion) or the steep rocky slopes, drought resistant scrub and tree habitat (Sonoran population) and the agricultural fields where it will be used are not expected to provide the soil and understory requirements of this species. US FWS, 2011. Revised Reco very Plan for the Mojave Population of the Desert Tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii ).

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/RRP%20for%20the %20Mojave%20Desert%20To rtoise%20

- %20May%202011_1.pdf

US FWS, 1994. Determination of Critical Habitat for the Mojave Po pulation of the Desert Tortoise.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr2519.pdf

### 50 In the Sonoran Desert, tortoises tend to inhabit bajadas (slopes at the base of a mountain) and steep, rocky slopes and are not common in the valleys) and are also found in the Sinal oan thornscrub, where vegetation is dominated by drought

resistant shrubs and deciduous trees.

Jemez Mountains Salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus) The strictly terrestrial Jemez Mountains salamander predominantly inhabits mixed

- conifer forest, consisting primari ly of Douglas fir, blue spruce, Engelman spruce, white fir, limber pine, Ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain maple, and aspen (Populus tremuloides). Pure stands of Ponderosa pine, fir and aspen stands, and high

- elevation meadows are not considered ideal habitat s but species have been known to occur in such places. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forest habitats.

US FWS species life

- history profile.

ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/pr ofile/speciesProfile?spcode=D 019#lifeHistory 

### Red

- cockaded entire woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Habitat: Forest, Savannah (open pine woodlands and savannahs with large old pines) (US FWS 2003, p. x)

Habitat siz e (home range): 116

– 357 acres (US FWS 2003, p. 49) Proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forest or savannah. USFWS. 2003. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030320_2.pdf

Reticulated flatwoods salamander ( Ambysto ma bishopi ) Aquatic and terrestrial. Longleaf pine ecosystems (Coastal Plain in what were historically longleaf pine

- wiregrass flatwoods and savannas). Adults spend most of their lives underground. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2009. Federal Register, vol. 74, No. 26. 50 CFR 17. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of endangered status of retic ulated flatwoods salamander; designation of critical habitat for frosted flatwoods salamander and

### 51 Breed in small, isolated ephemeral ponds. (USFWS 2009) reticulated flatwoods salamander. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Available on line at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2009

- 02

- 10/pdf/E9

- 2403.pdf#page=1

Rice rat

(Oryzomys palustris natator) Found in scrub and fringe mangrove communities. Live on small wetland islands, 23 ha. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are n ot expected to overlap with wetland or scrubland habitats. US FWS . 1999. South Florida multiple

- species recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/990518_1.pdf

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf



### Roseate tern ( Sterna dougallii dougallii ) Rocky offshore islands with sparse vegetation; although Northeastern Roseate tern nest under vegetation or som e other shelter (USFWS 1993, p. 3). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with offshore islands

. USFWS 1993. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS website. h ttp://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/930924_v2.pdf

Sand skink

(Neoseps reynoldsi) Habitat is primarily xeric (dry) upland communities between high pine and scrub. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland or high pine wooded habitats. US FWS . 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida: Sand Skink. United

States Fish and Wildlife Service.

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach

/MSRPPDFs/SandSkink.pdf

S chaus swallowtail butterfly

(Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus) Occur exclusively in subtropical dry forests (hardwood hammocks) including areas that were formerly cleared and farmed, but have since regrown. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expecte d to overlap with forested areas or areas that were farmed but have since regrown. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan: Schaus Swallowtail Butterfly.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf

Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) The species is found in forests, and dry, rocky, talus slopes, of mountains, generally facing north at elevations greater than 800 m in Shen andoah National park. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forest habitats. US FWS. 1994. Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah Highton and Worthington) recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940929a.pd f

### 52 Sonora tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) Found in standing water, grassland and oak woodland terrestrial habitats as well as human

- constructed ponds or cattle tanks Terrestrial adults most likely spend time in mammal burrows or buried in t he ground The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with aquatic, grassland or woodland habitats. US FWS. 2002. Sonora tiger salamander recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/020924.pdf.

Southeastern beach

mouse

(Pero myscus polionotus niveiventris) Located on coastal sand dunes & coastal scrub, frontal (primary and secondary) and scrub dunes (including oak scrub), and inland habitats such as coastal strand woody plants. Habitat size is approximately 80.5 km, with
young beach mice moving an average of 432 m (1,415 ft) before establishing a home
range. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland or woodland habitats US FWS. 2008. Southeastern Beach Mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris ) , 5

- year Review: Summary and

Evaluation. Jacksonville, Florida. 36 pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_

year_review/doc1888.pdf

. US FWS. 1993. Recovery Plan for the Anastasia Island

an d Southeastern Beach Mouse. Atlanta Georgia. 30
pp.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930923b.pdf

.



### Southwestern willow flycatcher ( Empidonax traillii extimus ) Breeding: Forested wetlands or scrub

- shrub wetlands

- dense riparian habitat of rivers, swamps, wetlands, lakes (USFWS 2002, p. iv). Wintering: brushy savanna edges, second growth, shrubby clearings and pastures, woodlands near water (USFWS 2002, p. iv). Recommend off

- field status for row crop agriculture. According to the Critical Habitat designation document (USFWS 2013) essential characteristics for southwestern will flycatcher habit include riparian areas for flowing stream that support expansive riparian vegetation areas

. Riparian trees and understory species are viewed as essential elements of flycatcher habitat. Row crop soy and

corn are monocultures of non

riparian vegetation USFWS 2002. Species specific recovery plan available on FWS website. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plans/2002/020830c. pdf

USFWS. 2013. Designation

of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Critical Habitat: Final Rule. Fe deral Register Vol. 78 No.2.

### 53 and consequently not suitable habitat for this species. Spruce

- fir moss spider ( Microhexura montivaga ) Typical habitat appears to be associated with moist, well

- drained moss mats growing on rocks and boulders in well

- shaded situations in mature high

elevation conifer forests dominated by Fraser fir, Abiesfraseri, often with scattered red spruce, Picea rubens. (US FWS 1998, p. iii) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap wi th high

elevation conifer forests. US FWS, 1998, Recovery Plan

. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2011

- 09

- 27/pdf/2011

- 24046.pdf

St. Andrew beach

mouse

( Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis ) Found on coastal dunes. Range of species is approximately 46 km. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with coastal dune habitats US FWS. 2010. Recovery plan for St. Andrews Beach Mousse ( Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis).

United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/20110104_SABM_re cov_plan_FINAL.pdf

Stock Island tree snail

(Orthalicus reses (not incl. nesodryas) Survive best in hardwood hammocks with smooth

barked nat ive trees that support relatively large amounts of lichen and algae. Species is entirely arboreal except when they move to the forest floor for nesting and traveling. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forested habitats US FW S . 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida: Stock Island Tree Snail.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf

California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) Coastal lagoons and estuaries (freshwater marshes, lakes, lagoons, beaches, and estuary areas. Additionally can be found in man

- made habitats such as airports and land fields. This species feeds exclusively on fish and

ar e therefore not expected to be exposed to dicamba DGA. US FWS. 1985. Revised California Least Tern Recover Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/850927_w%20signat ure.pdf

US FWS. 2006. California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum browni) 5

- Year Revi ew and Evaluation:

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc775.pdf Florida grasshopper
sparrow (Ammodramus

savannarum floridanus) Habitat is large (greater than 50 ha), treeless, and relatively poorly

- drained grasslands that have a history of freq uent fires. Average The proposed dicamba DGA use sites are not expected to provide appropriate fire influenced habitat. US FWS. 1999. South Florida multiple

- species recovery plan.

### 54 and maximum habitat size are 1.8 and 4.82 ha, respectively. The species requires relatively large open areas maintained by periodic fires. An analogy to row cropped areas is the effect of overgrazed grasslands with poorly structured a nd inappropriately dispersed habitat stands. These areas are not capable of maintaining population of the species. It is reasonable to expect that row

- cropped agricultural fields provide even less suitable habitat than the already unsuitable overgrazed p asture lands. http://ecos.fws .gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf

http://www.fws.gov/verobeach /MSRPPDFs/FloridaGrasshop perSparrow.pdf

Masked bobwhite (quail) (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) Open savann a grassland within dry

- tropic scrub. These birds are associated with weedy bottom lands, grassy and herb

- strewn valleys, and forb

- rich plains. - Only known US population is in captive flock on the BANWR. Attempts to release the birds back to the wild have been unsuccessful and evidence of wild populations does not exist. “As of 2001, occurrence of wild masked bobwhite is nearly completely restricted to the captive flock occurring on the BANWR.”

- Habitat requirements include 15

- 30% scrub/shrub cover and a d iverse range of grass/forb species (at least 10

- 12 different species). They do not use monocultures, even if it is an attractive food source. “Monocultures of even such important food species as vine mesquite grass and Johnson grass were avoided”.

- Once h ome ranges are established they do not leave their boundaries.

- While this species has been seen in rangeland it has never been associated with row US FWS. 1995. Masked Bobwhite Quail Recovery Plan.

http: //ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/950421.pdf

### 55 crops (most likely because of the monoculture).

Yuma clapper rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Salt to brackish water marshes, mangrove swamps, other tidal wetlands. Found in the lower Colorado River (LCR) and tributaries (Virgin River, Bill Williams R iver, lower Gila River [LGR]) in Arizona, California, Nevada; the Salton Sea in California; and the Cienegade Santa Clara and Colorado River Delta in Mexico The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 1983. Yuma Clapper Rail Recovery Plan ( Rallus longirostris yumanensis ) DRAFT FIRST REVISION

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/Draft%20Yuma%20 Clapper%20Rail%20Recovery %20Plan,%20First%20Revisi on.pdf

Hualapai Mexican vole (Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis) Woodland forest types containing grasses and grass

sedge habitats. associated with moist grass

- sedge areas along permanent or semi

permanent waters fed by springs or seeps in either open forest or chapparal. Good cover of grasses, sedges and forbs is char acteristic of this waterside vole habitat, which is usually found in narrow bands paralleling the water The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats.

US FWS. 1991. Hualapai Mexican Vole Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.f ws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/910819.pdf 

### Tern, least interior pop. ( Sterna antillarum ) Species is a piscivore, feeding in shallow waters of rivers, streams (USFWS, 19 90, p. 20). Beaches, sand pits, sandbars, islands and peninsulas are the principal breeding habitats of coastal areas and nesting can be close to water but is usually between the dune environment and the high tide line. Vegetation at coastal nesting area s is sparse, scattered and short. Riverine nesting areas are sparsely vegetated sand and gravel bars within a wide unobstructed river channel, or salt flats along lake shorelines. Nesting The proposed dicam ba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with riparian areas, including coastal areas. USFWS. 1990. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/900919a.pdf

### 56 occurs along river banks (US FWS, 1990, p. 20).

Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) Pinaleño Mountains in t he Coronado National Forest. The species inhabits upper elevation, mature to old

growth associations in mixed conifer and spruce

- fir above approximately 2,425 m (8,000 ft). The majority of surviving red squirrels now occur at lower elevations in the mixed

conifer forest that extend well down the mountain The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forest habitats. US FWS. 2011. Draft Mount Graham Red Squirrel Recovery Plan, First Revision

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/FR0000 0388%20Dra ft%20Mount%20Graham%20 Red%20Squirrel%20Recovery %20Plan%20First%20Revisio n%20Final.pdf

Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) Heavily vegetated riparian habitats. Water source (creeks, streams, rivers), consisting of shrubs, forb s, grasses, woodland, and herbaceous species and can occur upland beyond floodplain. Habitat for the PMJM is listed as “well developed riparian vegetation, adjacent relatively undisturbed grasslands, and a nearby water source”. The mouse may travel up to 1 00m upland from the riparian zone but the habitat needs to be undisturbed grasslands.

PCEs for the mouse include “riparian corridors... and additional adjacent floodplain and upland habitat with limited disturbance (including hayed fields, grazed pastures , other agricultural lands that are not plowed or disked regularly, etc)” (US FWS. 1998. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Rule to List the Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse as a Threatened Species.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_regist er/fr3260.pdf

US FWS. 2007. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Proposed Rule to Amend the Listing for the Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse ( Zapus hudsonius preblei ) to Specify Over What Portion of Its Range the Subspecies is Threatened; P roposed Rule.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1719.pdf.

New Mexican ridge

nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi obscurus) Mountains, elevated plateaus, and pine

- oak vegetation The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wo odland habitats. (US FWS. 1985. Recovery Plan for the New Mexican Ridge

- Nosed Rattlesnake.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/850322.pdf 

### Wood stork ( Mycteria americana ) Freshwater and estuarine Wetlands. (US FWS 1986, p. iii).

Wood storks breed in FL, GA and SC. They migrate south in winter (US FWS 1986, p. 2). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands. USFWS. 1986. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/970127.pdf

USFWS. 2006. Five year Review.

### 57 Require a mosaic of wetlands with varying climatological and seasonal conditions around colonies and within the wintering habitat in the coastal plain of the Southeast U.S. (US FWS 2006, p . 12). http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc1115.pdf

### 58 Species Habitat Rationale Source Aquatic Organisms
Alamosa springsnail ( Tryonia alamosae ) The Alamosa springsnail is found mainly where minor rivulets flow out of the main channel downstream of the springhead. In these situations, there is a mat of watercress and filamentous green algae over water 1

— 2 inches deep flowing over fine gravel and sand among rhyolitic cobbles and r ocks. The species is found in slow current on gravel and among vegetation, and is most abundant where an organic film covers the pebbles and cobbles. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1994. Socor ro and Alamosa Springsnail Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940831b.pdf

Apache trout ( Oncorhynchus apache ) Apache trout currently exist mainly in headwater areas upstream from natural and artificial barriers. This environment is subj ect to extreme variations in both temperature and flow. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2009. Apache Trout (Oncorhynchus apache) Recovery Plan, Second Revision

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov

e ry_plan/090903.pdf Arkansas River shiner (Notropis girardi) Wilde et al. (2000) found no obvious selection for or avoidance of any particular habitat type (i.e., main channel, side channel, backwaters, and pools) by Arkansas River shiner. Arkansas River shiners did tend to select side channels and backwaters slightly more than expected based on the availability of these habitats (Wilde et al. 2000). Likewise, they appeared to make no obvious selection for, or avoidance of, any particular substrate type. Substrates (i.e., the river bed) in the Canadian River in New Mexico and Texas were predominantly sand, however, the Arkansas River shiner was observed to occur

over silt slightly more than expected based on the availability of this substrate (Wilde et al. 2000) ; The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. US FWS. 2005. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical Habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/950830.pdf

### 59 preferred habitat for the Arkansas River shiner is the mainstem of larger plains rivers... historically inhabited the main channels of wide, shallow, sandy

- bottomed rivers and larger streams of the Arkansas River basin (Gilbert 1980). Adults are uncommon in quiet pools or backwaters lacking streamflow, and almost never occurred in habitats having deep water and bottoms of mud or stone (Cross 1967) (US FWS 200 5). Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Villosa trabalis) Restricted typically to tributary streams of the upper reaches of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. This species is most ofte n found associated with clean, fast flowing water in stable substrate, which contains relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand swept

- free from siltation. Typically, V. trabalis is found buried in shallow riffle and shoal areas, often located under large ro cks that must be removed by hand to inspect the habitat underneath. Ideal habitat conditions are difficult to find; much of the historical habitat for the species has likely been degraded and may be incapable of currently harboring the species (US FWS 2010 , p. 7). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2010. 5 Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3244.pdf

Bean, purple (Villosa perpurpurea) Inhabits small headwater streams (Neves 1991) to medium

- sized rivers (Gordon 1991). It is found in moderate to fast

- flowing riffles with sand, gravel, and cobble substrates (Neves 1991) and rarely occurs in deep pools or slack water (Ahlstedt 1991a). It is sometimes found out of the main current adjacent to
water

- willow beds and under flat rocks (Ahlstedt 1991a, The proposed dicamba DGA uses are n ot expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/040524.pdf

### 60 Gordon 1991) (US FWS 2004, p. 19).

Bean, ra yed ( Villosa fabalis ) The rayed bean is generally known from smaller, headwater creeks, but occurrence records exist from larger rivers (Cummings and Mayer 1992, p. 142; Parmalee and Bogan 1998, p. 244). They are usually found in or near shoal or riffle ( short, shallow length of stream where the stream flows more rapidly) areas, and in the shallow, wave

washed areas of glacial lakes, including Lake Erie (West et al. 2000, p. 253). In Lake Erie, the species is generally associated with islands in the
wester n portion of the lake. Preferred substrates typically include gravel and sand. The rayed bean is oftentimes found among vegetation (water willow (Justicia americana) and water milfoil (Myriophyllum sp.)) in and adjacent to riffles and shoals (Watters 1988b , p. 15; West et al. 2000, p. 253) (US FWS 2012, p. 8633). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. US FWS 2012

- Federal Register Determination of Endangered Status. http://www.gpo.gov/ fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 02

- 14/pdf/2012

- 2940.pdf

Beautiful shiner ( Cyprinella formosa ) Found in small to medium streams with sand, gravel, and rock bottoms below 4500 ft elevation and is also found in artificial ponds. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not
expec ted to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species fact sheet

http://www.fws.gov/southwest /es/arizona/Documents/Redbo ok/Beautiful%20Shiner.pdf Birdwing pearlymussel ( Lemiox rimosus ) The birdwing pearlymussel inhabits small to medium, low turbidit y, cool

- water, high to moderate gradient streams in the Cumberland and Tennessee River basins. The species is commonly found near riffles on sand and gravel substrates with firm rubble. Individuals have been found in waters ranging from six to seven feet deep. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/F00I.html

B lackside dace (Phoxinus This species inhabits cool, small, upland streams with moderate flows. The fish is The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap USFWS. 1988. Recovery Plan.

### 61 cumberlandensis ) generally associated with undercut stream banks and large rocks, and it is usually found within well

- vegetated
wate rsheds with good riparian vegetation (US FWS 1988, p. 6). with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/880817.pdf

Bonyta il chub ( Gila elegans ) This is a freshwater mainstream, big

- river fish. It is also found in pools and eddies, with gravel, rocky, silt and/or silt

- boulder substrates. The bonytail chub has also been found in rocky shoals and shorelines, and is adapted for swift, strong
currents. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2002. Bonytail (Gila elegans) Recovery Goals.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060727c.pdf



### Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) PCE: Bo real forest landscapes with large populations of snowshoe hares. Distribution and abundance of prey and microclimate influence movement, hunting behavior, and den and resting site locations. Areas with dense cover. The proposed dicamba DGA uses
are not ex pected to overlap with boreal forests. The lynx’s prey, snowshoe hares, also do not overlap with the proposed dicamba DGA use sites. USFWS. 2014. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical Habitat

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2014

- 09

- 12/pdf/2014

- 21013.pdf

Chihuahua chub ( Gila nigrescens ) Deep pools, undercut banks,

or over

- hanging vegetation. Adults are in lateral scour pools, beneath undercut banks, unde r solid objects (e.g., logs, boulders) and/or adjacent to moderate to fast flowing water in small to medium sized streams. The species also utilizes corner and backwater pools containing large woody debris (also used) with extensive cover composed of
orga nic debris or root wads of large trees. Pools are 1

- 2 m deep with water velocity <15 cm/sec and small grained substrates (sand to pea

sized). Juveniles are found in shallower water with or without cover in small and medium sized streams. The proposed dica mba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1986. Chihuahua Chub Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4325.pdf

US FWS. 2007.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4325.pdf



### Chipola slabshell ( Elliptio chipolaensis ) The Chipola slabshell inhabits silty sand substrates of large creeks and the main channel of The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, USFWS 2003. Reco very Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

### 62 the Chipola River in slow to moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994). Specimens are generally found in sloping bank habitats. Nearly 7 0 percent of the specimens found during the status survey were associated with a sandy substrate (Brim Box and Williams 2000). streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Choctaw bean ( Villosa choctawensis ) It is found in medium creeks to medium rivers in stable substrates of silty sand to sandy clay with moderate current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designa tion of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61669 Chupadera springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis chupaderae ) Chupadera springsnail has been documented on two hillsides where groundwater discharges flow through volcanic gravels containing sand, mud, and aquatic plants with water temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (°C) (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit (°F)) and velocities ranging from 0.01 to 0.19 meters per second (m/s) (0.03 to 0.6 feet per second (ft/s)) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to o verlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2012. Determination of Endangered Status for the Chupadera Springsnail and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 07

- 12/pdf/2012

- 16988.pdf

Clubshell ( Pleurobema clava ) Clubshell is generally found in clean, coarse sand and gravel in runs, often just downstream of a riffle, and cannot tolerate mud or slackwater conditions (USFWS, 1994). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940921.pdf

Colorado pikeminnow (=squawfish) ( Ptychocheilus lucius ) The adult Colorado pikeminnow requires pools, deep runs, and eddy habitats maintained by high spring flows. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2002. Colorado Pike Minnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) Recover y Goals

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/020828b.pdf

### 63 Combshell, Cumberlandian ( Epioblasma brevidens ) This species inhabits medium

- sized streams to large rivers on shoals and riffles in coarse, sand, gravel, cobble, and boulders. It is not associate d with small stream habitats and tends not to extend as far upstream in tributaries (US FWS 2004, p. 18). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Recovery Plan. http://ec os.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/040524.pdf

Cracking pearlymussel, ( Hemistena lata) The cracking pearlymussel has undergone a substantial range reduction. It was historically distributed in the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River systems. The species has b een extirpated throughout much of its range. It was last collected from Mussel Shoals, an 85 km reach of the Tennessee River in Alabama, prior to 1925 and is presumed to be extirpated from the shoal. It is presently known to survive at only a few shoals in the Clinch and Powell Rivers in Tennessee and Virginia, and it has likely been reduced to only three viable populations in these systems. The species possibly survives in the Green River, Kentucky, and below Pickwick Reservoir in the Tennessee River, Tenn essee as well The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/F01X.html

Desert pupfish ( Cyprinodon macularius ) Habitats have included clear, shallow wa ters with soft substrate associated with cienegas, springs, streams, margins of larger lakes and rivers, shoreline pools, and irrigation drains and ditches below 1,585 meters (5,200 feet) in elevation. Known natural populations are now restricted to two s treams tributary, and in shoreline pools and irrigation drains of, the Salton Sea in California The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2010. Desert Pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius) 5

- Year Review: Summar y and Evaluation.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3573.pdf

Diamond Darter ( Crystallaria cincotta ) Adult diamond darters and crystal darters typically have been captured in riffle

- pool transition areas with predominately (greater than The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2013. Designation of Critical Habitat for the Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta); Final Rule

### 64 20 perc ent each) sand and gravel substrates. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ pkg /FR

- 2013

- 08

- 22/pdf/2013

- 20449.pdf Dromedary pearlymussel, (Dromus dromas) This species is most often observed in clean, fast

flowing water in substrates that c ontain relatively firm rubble, gravel and sand substrates swept free from siltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the substrate in shallow riffle and shoal areas (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840709c.pdf

Duskytail darter, (Etheostoma percnurum) This species inhabits rocky areas in gently flowing shallow pools and runs in large creeks and moderately large rivers in the Tennessee and Cumberland River Systems (US FWS, 1994, Executive Summary). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not
expe cted to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/duskytaildarter_RP.p df



### Dwarf wedgemussel ( Alasmidonta heterodon ) The dwarf wedge mussel lives on muddy sand, sand, and gravel bottoms in creeks and rivers of varying sizes, in areas of slow to moderate current and little silt deposition. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 1993. Dwarf Wedge Mussel recovery plan. Page 3.

Fanshell ( Cyprogenia stegaria ) The fansh ell inhabits gravel substrates in medium to large rivers of the Ohio River basin (US FWS, 1991, Executive Summary). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1991. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/910709.pdf



### Fat three

- ridge (mussel) ( Amblema neislerii ) The fat threeridge inhabits the main channel of small to large rivers in slow to moderate current. Substrate used by this mussel varies from gravel to cobble t o a mixture of sand and sandy mud (Williams and Butler 1994). Brim Box and Williams (2000) found 60 percent of the specimens were located in a sandy silt substrate. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 42.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Finback whale, ( Balaenoptera physalus ) Fin whales are found in deep, offshore waters of all major oceans, primarily in temperate to polar The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ pr/species/mammals/cetace ans/finwhale.htm

### 65 latitudes, and less commonly in the tropics. They occur year

- round in a wide range of lat itudes and longitudes, but the density of individuals in any one area changes seasonally. overlap with coastal
waters.

Finerayed pigtoed ( Fusconaia cuneolu s) This species is typically a riffle species that inhabits ford and shoal areas in free

flowing streams of moderate gradient (US FWS, 1984, p. 7). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/fine%20rayed%20re cov%20plan.pdf

Fluted kidneyshell (P tychobranchus subtentum ) Associated with the Cumberland and Tennessee River drainages. Generally live embedded in the bottom of stable streams and other bodies of water, and within riffle areas of sufficient current velocities to remove finer sediments and provide well oxygenated waters (US FWS, 2013, p. 59560) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overla p with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 09

- 26/pdf/2013

- 23357.pdf



### Fuzzy pigtoe ( Pleurobema strodeanum ) The fuzzy pigtoe is found in medium creeks to medium rivers in stable substrates of sand and silty sand with slow to moderate current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pig toe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61673 Gila chub ( Gila intermedia ) Found in pools in smaller streams, cienegas, and artificial ponds. Highly secretive, adults prefer deeper, quieter waters i n pools and eddies below riffles or runs, often remaining in cover from terrestrial vegetation, boulders, and fallen logs. Young

- of

- the year use the shallow margins of pools with aquatic vegetation or debris for cover. Older The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile?spc ode=E02P#lifeHistory

### 66 juveniles may be found in highe r velocity runs and riffles. Gila topminnow (incl. Yaqui) ( Poeciliopsis occidentalis ) Shallow, warm, fairly quiet waters in ponds, cienegas, tanks, pools, springs, small streams, and the margins of larger streams. Dense mats of algae and debris along the margins of the habitats are an important component for cover and foraging. Substrates of organic muds and detritus also provide foraging areas. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/pro file/speciesProfile.actio n?spcode=E00C#lifeHistory

Gila trout ( Oncorhynchus gilae ) clean gravel, moderate to high gradient in perennial mountain streams The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2003. Gi la trout recovery plan (third revision).

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/030910.pdf Green blossom (pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum ) Clean, fast

- flowing water in substrates that contain relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand subst rates swept free from siltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the substrate in shallow riffle and shoal areas E. t. gubernacululm was restricted to the high gradient rivers of the Appalachian mountains and the Cumberland Plateau The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1983. Recovery Plan Green

- blossom Pearly Mussel Epioblasma (=Dysnomia) torulosa gubernaculum.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060228.pdf

Greenback Cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki stomias ) Require clear, swift

- flowing mountain streams with cover such as overhanging banks and vegetation. Riffle areas are used for spawning. Juveniles tend to shelter in shallow backwaters until large enough to fend for themselves i n the mainstream. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life

- history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/E00F.html

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) Green turtles are primarily restricted to tropical and subtropical waters. In U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters, green turtles are found from Massachusetts to Texas and in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico...Seagrasses are the principal dietary component of juvenile and adult green turtles throughout the Wider Caribbean region The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 1998. Federal Register Notice: Designated critical habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr3295.pdf

### 67 (Bjorndal, 1995). (NMFS, NOAA 1998, p. 46694)


### Gulf moccasinshell ( Medionidus penicillatus ) The Gulf moccasinshell inhabits the channels of small to medium

- siz ed creeks to large rivers with sand and gravel or silty sand substrates in slow to moderate currents (Williams and Butler 19 94; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other wat er bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Gulf sturgeon, (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) The Gulf sturgeon is an Anadromous fish which migrates from salt water into large coastal rivers to spawn and spend the warm months. The majority of its life is spent in fresh water (US FWS, 1995). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/950922.pdf

Hawksbill sea turtle, (Eretmochelys imbricata) The hawksbill turtle occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Coral reefs, like those found in the waters surrounding Mona and Monito Islands, are widely recognized as the primary foraging habitat of juvenile, subadult, and adult hawksbill turtles. This habitat association is directly related to the species’ highly specific diet of sponges (Meylan, 1988). Hawksbills depend on coral reefs for food and shelter; therefore, the condition of reefs directly affects the hawksbill’s well

being. (NMFS, NOAA 1998, p. 46695) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 1998. Federal Register Notice: Designated critical habitat. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr3295.pdf

Hay's Spring amphipod ( Stygobromus hayi ) The Hay’s Spring amphipod inhabits a ground water outlet that feeds into a low gradient creek. Precise data on this habit at is lacking due to inaccessibility of habitat. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/K004.html

Humpback chub ( Gila cypha ) Humpba ck chub are found in association with fast current, deep pool, and boulder habitats. They can occupy The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap US FWS. 1990. Recovery Plan for the Humpback Chub

- 1990 2nd Revised Final Plan

### 68 deep, swift riverine areas with large boulders and steep cliffs. with aquatic environments. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/900919c.pdf

Humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) During migration, humpbacks stay near the surface of the ocean.

While feeding and ca lving, humpbacks prefer shallow waters. During calving, humpbacks are usually found in the warmest waters available at that latitude. Calving grounds are commonly near offshore reef systems, islands, or continental shores.

Humpback feeding grounds are in cold, productive coastal waters. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal waters. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/ species/mammals/cetaceans/h

u mpbackwhale.htm



### James spinymussel ( Pleurobema collina ) This species lives in stream sites that vary in width from 10

- 75 feet and depth of 1/2 to 3 feet. It requires a slow to moderate water current with clean sand and cobble bottom sediments. The James spinymussel is limited to areas of unpolluted water, and may be more susceptible to competition from exotic clam species when its habitat is disturbed (Clark and Neves 1984, USFWS 1990). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers

, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/lif e_histories/F025.html

Kemp’s ridley sea turtle, (Lepidochelys kempii) This life history pattern is characterized by three basic ecosystem zones: (1) Terrestrial zone (supralittoral)

- the nesting beach where both oviposition and embryonic development occur; (2) Neritic zone

- the nearshore (including bays and sounds) marine environment (from the surface to the sea floor) where water depths do not exceed 200 meters, including the continental shelf; and (3) Oceanic zone

- the vast open The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal waters. NMFS, NOAA. 2011. Bi

national recovery plan for the kemp's ridley sea turtle. http://ecos.fws.gov /docs/recov ery_plan/090116.pdf

### 69 ocean environment (from the surface to the sea f loor) where water depths are greater than 200 meters. (NMFS, NOAA 2011, p. I

- 8) Koster's springsnail ( Juturnia kosteri ) They inhabit springs and spring

- fed wetland systems with variable water temperatures and slow to moderate water velocities over compact substrate (material on the bottom of the stream) ranging from deep organic silts to gypsum sands and gravel. Additionally, the habitat of Koster’s springsnail consists of soft substrates of springs and
seeps. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2 011. Designation of Critical Habitat for Roswell Springsnail, Koster's Springsnail, Noel's Amphipod, and Pecos Assiminea; Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2011

- 06

- 07/pdf/2011

- 13227.pdf

Leatherback sea turtle, (Dermochelys coriacea) Leatherbacks are able to take advantage of a wide variety of marine ecosystems (reviewed by Saba 2013; see NOAA large marine ecosystem website: http://www.lme.noaa.gov/). Wit hin these ecosystems, various oceanic features such as water temperature, downwelling, Ekman upwelling, sea surface height, chlorophyll

- a concentration, and mesoscale eddies affect the presence of leatherbacks (Bailey et al. 2013; Benson et al. 2011). The physical characteristics observed within these marine ecosystems also affect the distribution and abundance of leatherback prey (reviewed by Saba 2013). (NFMS, NOAA 2013, p. 20

- 22). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal wa ters. NMFS, NOAA. 2013. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/090116.pdf

Lee County cave isopod ( Lirceus usdagalun ) Found on the surfaces of small, submerged rocks and gravels in cave streams. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not
expe cted to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS 1997. Lee County Cave Isopod ( Lirceus usdagalun ) Recover Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/970930c.pdf Littlewing pearlymussel, (Pegias fabula) This species inhabits small to medium, low turbidity, cool

water, high to moderate gradient streams in the Cumberland and Tennessee The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not
expec ted to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1989. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/890922.pdf

### 70 River basins (US FWS, 1989, p. 5).
Little Colorado spinedace ( Lepidomeda vittata ) Freshwater springs, streams and rivers. Tends to prefer
poo ls, but occurs sporadically throughout the habitat. Predominately in open pools with undercut banks and/or boulders for cover. During periods of drought spinedace are believed to persist in springs and intermittent streambed pools; and during flooding the y tend to distribute themselves throughout the stream. Found in pools with slow to moderate current adjacent to riffles; during spate conditions, in eddies lateral to the current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic envi ronments. US FWS. 1997. Little Colorado River Spinedace Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/980109.pdf

Federal Register/Vol. 52, No. 179. September 16, 1987, Little Colorado Spinedace Critical Habitat.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al _register/fr1325.pdf

Loach minnow ( Tiaroga cobitis ) Inhabits turbulent waters over gravel and/or cobble bottoms in riffles of mainstream rivers, fast

- flowing streams, and tributaries. Due to a reduced gas bladder the species is restricted almost exclusiv ely to a bottom

dwelling habit, swimming in swift water is only for brief moments. Most habitat is relatively shallow and the fish is found at elevations up to 2200 meters. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environment s. US FWS. 1991. Loach Minnow Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/910930f.pdf

Loggerhead sea turtle, Northwest Atlantic DPS (Caretta caretta) The three basic ecosystems in which loggerheads live are the: 1. Terrestrial zone (supralittoral)

- the nesting beach where both oviposition (egg laying) and embryonic development and hatching

occur. 2. Neritic zone

- the nearshore marine environment (fr om the surface to the sea floor) where water depths do not exceed 200 meters. The neritic zone generally includes the continental shelf, but in areas where the continental shelf is very narrow or nonexistent, the The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal waters. NMFS. NOAA. 2009. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/090116.pdf

### 71 neritic zone conventionally extends to area s where water depths are less than 200
meters. 3. Oceanic zone

- the vast open ocean environment (from the surface to the sea floor) where water depths are greater than 200 meters. (NMFS, NOAA 2009, p. I

20) Madison Cave isopod ( Antrolana lira ) Flooded limestone caves beneath the Great Valley of Virginia and West Virginia where it swims freely
t hrough calcite

- saturated waters of deep karst aquifers The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life

- history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile?spc ode=K008#lifeHist ory Maryland darter ( Etheostoma sellare ) Found in swiftly flowing streams (with rocky, rubble and gravel substrates), and prefers rock crevices and similar shelters in clean, well

- oxygenated, parts of those streams. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. USFWS. 1985. Maryland darter revised recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/851017.pdf

Mexican long

nosed bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) 

### T he Mexican long

- nosed bat has evolved an apparent mut ualistic association with Agave sp. The bat is principally a nectar feeder, foraging on the flowers of Agave , and in some minor proportions consuming the pollen, fruits, and any incidental insects associated with the flowers. The bats occupy mid

- to high

- elevational desert scrub, open conifer

oak woodlands, and pine forest habitats in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Life Zones. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with the desert scrub, open conifer

- oak woodlands and pine forest ha bitats of the bat. The bat’s major resource need, Agave plants are not expected to be on soybean and cotton fields. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan.

https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/re covery_plan/940908.pdf

Monkeyface, Appalachian (pearlymussel) (Quadrula sparsa) This species is most often observed in clean

- fast

flowing water in substrates that contain relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand substrates swept free from si ltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the substrate in shallow riffle and shoal areas (US FWS, 1984, p. 7). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Pl an. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840709.pdf

### 72 Monkeyface, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Quadrula intermedia) This species is most often observed in clean

- fas t

flowing water in substrates that contain relatively firm rubble, gravel, and sand substrates swept free from siltation. These mussels are usually found buried in the substrate in shallow riffle and shoal areas (US FWS, 1984, p. 9). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840709b.pdf



### Narrow pigtoe ( Fusconaia escambia ) It is found in medium creeks to medium rivers, in s table substrates of sand, sand and gravel, or silty sand, with slow to moderate current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern San dshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61671 Noel's Amphipod ( Gammarus desperatus ) Inhabits shallow, cool, well

oxygenated waters of streams, ponds, ditches, sloughs, and springs. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2010. Noel’s amphipod ( Gammarus desperatus ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3600.pdf 

### North Atlantic Right Whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) The Nor th Atlantic right whale primarily occurs in coastal or shelf waters, but may go into deeper waters. (NMFS 2004, p. v) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal
waters. NMFS. 2004. Recovery plan for the north Atlantic right wh ale ( Eubalaena glacialis ). Available online
at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/whale_right_no rthatlantic.pdf Ochlockonee moccasinshell ( Medionidus simpsonianus ) T he Ochlockonee moccasinshell inhabits large creeks and the Ochlockonee River main stem in areas with current. Typical substrates are sand with some gra vel (Williams and Butler 1994). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers,
st reams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Oval pigtoe ( Pleurobema pyriforme ) The oval pig toe occurs in small to medium

- sized creeks to small rivers The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

### 73 where it inhabits silty sand to sand and gravel substrates, usually in slow to moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). Stream channels appear to offer the best habita t for this species. overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http:// ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Oyster Mussel ( Epioblasma capsaeformis ) This species is generally adapted to live in the gravel shoals of free

- flowing rivers and streams (US FWS, 2004, Executive Summary). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are no t expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2004. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/040524.pdf



### Pecos assiminea snail ( Assiminea
pecos ) The Pecos assiminea requires saturated, moist soil at stream or spring

run margins and is found in wet mud or beneath mats of vegetation, usually within 1 inch (in) (2 to 3 centimeters (cm)) of flowing water. Spring complexes that contain flowing water create saturated soils that provide the specific habitat need ed for population growth, sheltering, and normal behavior of the species. Although this snail seldom occurs immersed in water, the species cannot withstand permanent drying of springs or spring complexes. Consequently, wetland plant species are required
t o provide leaf litter (dead leaf material), shade, and appropriate microhabitat. Plant species such as Scirpus americanus (American three

square), Eleocharis
spp. (spike rush), Distichlis spicata (inland saltgrass), and The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2011. Designation of Critical Habitat for Roswell Sp ringsnail, Koster's Springsnail, Noel's Amphipod, and Pecos Assiminea; Final Rule. Page 33039. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2011

- 06

- 07/pdf/2011

- 13227.pdf

### 74 Juncus spp. (rushes) provide the appropriate cover and shelter required by Pecos assiminea (NMDGF 2005, p. 13).
Pecos bluntnose shiner ( Notropis simus pecosensis ) Sandy substrate with low velocity flow, and at depths between 7

- 16 inches. Backwater, riffles, and pools are also used by younger individuals. Natural springs which are sources of continuous water flow also

s erve as habitat for Notropis simus pecosensis. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/E04F.html



### Pecos gambusia ( Gambusia nobilis ) Ga mbusia nobilis occurs abundantly in springheads and spring runs. Moderately abundant populations are also known from areas with little spring influence, but with abundant overhead cover, sedge covered marshes, and gypsum sinkholes. G. nobilis has been ob served to occur from the surface to depths of three meter. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS ECOS Life Histories for the Pecos gambusia ( Gambusia nobilis )

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/lif e_histories/E00V.html

Pink Mucket (pearlymussel) (Lampsilis abrupta) The pink muck et may still exist in stretches of the lower Ohio River (US FWS, 1985, p. 10).

The pink mucket habitat is large rivers at least 60 feet wide, where it occurs at depths up to 25 feet deep. Currents are typically moderate to fast and substrates range from silt to boulders, rubble, gravel, and sand (US FWS, 1985, p. 11). The species seems to have adapted to living in impounded waters, at least in the upper reaches where the water is flowing (US FWS, 1985, p. 10). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expect ed to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1985. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/pink%20mucket%20 rp.pdf



### Purple bankclimber (mussel) The purple bankclimber inhabits small to la rge river channels in slow to The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to USFWS 2003. R ecovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 43.

### 75 ( Elliptoideus sloatianus ) moderate current over sand or sand mixed with mud or gravel substrat es (Williams and Butler 1994). overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Rabbitsfoot ( Quadrula cylindrica cylindric a) Primarily an inhabitant of small to medium sized
stream s and some larger rivers. It usually occurs in shallow water areas along the bank and adjacent runs and shoals with reduced water velocity. They have been reported in deep water runs up to 12 feet depth. "Bottom substrates generally include gravel and sa nd" (US FWS, 2012, p. 63446). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register Notice. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 10

- 16/pdf/2012

- 24151.pdf

Razorback

su cker ( Xyrauchen

texanus ) Fresh, large warm

- water rivers: deep runs, eddies, backwaters, flooded off

channel. The species prefers shallow swift waters of mid

channel sandbars (less than 12ft deep) during the summer months, and slow runs, slack waters and e ddies (2.0 to 4.6ft) in the winter. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2002. Razorback Sucker ( Xyrauchen texanus ) Recovery Goals.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060727c.pdf

Riffleshell, northern ( Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) The habitat of the riffleshell occurs in packed sand and gravel in riffles and runs, and also in the western basin of Lake Erie where there is sufficient wave action to produce continuously moving water (US FWS, 1994 , p. 18). FWS further describes the habitat as medium to large rivers where they are often associated with high water velocities, although they have also been documented in Lake Erie and in deep more slow

- flowing rivers down to 20 feet (US FWS, 2009. p. 9). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1994. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940921.p df

USFWS. 2009. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3284.pdf

Rio Grande silvery minnow ( Hybognathus

amarus ) In general, the species is most often found in areas of low or moderate water velocity (e.g., eddies formed by debris piles, pools, backwaters, and embayments), and is rarely found in habitats with high The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1999. Rio Grande Silvery Minnow Recovery Plan ( Hybognathus amarus ) First Revision

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/022210_v2.pdf

### 76 water velocities, such as main channel runs, which are often deep and swift. Roanoke logperch ( Percina rex ) The Roanoke logperch occupies medium to large

warm

- water streams and rivers of moderate gradient with relatively unsilted substrata. During different phases of life history and season, every major riverine habitat is exploited by the logperch. Except in winter, all age classes are intolerant of moderately to heavily silted substrata. It i s found in two river systems in Virginia

- The Roanoke River drainage. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/E01G.html



### Round Ebonyshe ll ( Fusconaia rotulata ) It occurs in small to medium rivers, typically in stable substrates of sand, small gravel, or sandy mud in slow to moderate
current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other w ater bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatene d Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61668 Rough pi gtoe, ( Pleurobema plenum ) The rough pigtoe habitat is medium to large rivers, 60 feet or wider, in sand and gravel substrates. Very limited collection information suggests it occurs below spillways, in transition zones, and in sand and gravel substrates (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840806.pdf

Roswell springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis roswellens is ) Springs and spring

- fed wetland systems with slow to moderate flowing water velocities, deep organic silts to limestone cobble and gypsum substrates and stable water levels. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environm ents. US FWS. 2012. Designation of Critical Habitat for Roswell Springsnail, Koster’s Springsnail, Noel’s Amphipod, and Pecos Assiminea; Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2011

- 06

- 07/pdf/2011

- 13227.pdf

### 77 Rough rabbitsfoot ( Quadrula cylindrica stri gillata ) Found in medium to large rivers with silt, sand gravel or cobble substrates, in eddies at edge of midstream currents. The species may be associated with macrophyte beds. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic enviro nments. US FWS. 2004. Recovery Plan for Rough Rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/040524.pdf

San Bernardino springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis bernardina ) Associated with seeps, spring runs, and especially perenni al spring systems that produce running water The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2012. Determination of Endangered Status for Three Forks Springsnail and Threatened Status for San Bernardino Sprin gsnail Throughout Their Ranges and Designation of Critical Habitat for Both Species; Final Rule.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 04

- 17/pdf/2012

- 8811.pdf Shin y entire pigtoe, ( Fusconaia cor) This species is typically a riffle species, found along fords and shoals of clear, moderate to fast

- flowing streams and rivers with stable substrate. It does not inhabit deep pools or impounded areas. This species is usual ly found well

- buried in the substrate during most of the year and is more readily visible in early summer (US FWS, 1984, p. 8). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1984. Rec overy Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840709d.pdf



### Shortnose sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ) Shortnose sturgeon are found in rivers, estuaries, and the sea, but populations are confined mostly to natal rivers and estuaries. The species appe ars to be estuarine anadromous in the southern part of its range, but in some northern rivers it is The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. NMFS 1998. Final Recovery Plan for the Shortnose Sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ). Page 25. Available a t: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/sturgeon_shortn ose_1.pdf

### 78 "freshwater amphidromous", i.e., adults spawn in freshwater but regularly enter saltwater habitats during their life (Kieffer and Kynard 1993). Adults in

so uthern rivers forage at the interface of fresh tidal water and saline estuaries and enter the upper reaches of rivers to spawn in early spring (Savannah River: Hall et al. 1991; Altamaha River: Heidt and Gilbert 1979; Flouronoy et al. 1992, Rogers and Webe r 1995a; Ogeechee River: Weber 1996). Slabside pearlymussel, ( Pleuronaia dolabelloides ) Associated with the Cumberland and Tennessee River draina ges. Generally live embedded in the bottom of stable streams and other bodies of water, and within riffle areas of sufficient current velocities to remove finer sediments and provide well oxygenated waters (US FWS, 2013, p. 59560) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2013. Federal Register Notice: Designation of Critical Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 09

- 26/pdf/2013

- 23357.pdf

Slender chub (Erimystax cahni) The slender chub is restricted to the upper Tennessee River drainage in Tennessee and Virginia (US FWS 2014, p. 6) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2014. 5 Year Review. http ://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4357.pdf



### Shiner, smalleye ( Notropis buccula ) Occur in fairly shallow, flowing water, often less than 0.5 m deep with sandy substrates (US FWS 2014, p. 45252) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overla p with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2014. Designation of Critical Habitat. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/p kg/FR

- 2014

- 08

- 04/pdf/2014

- 17694.pdf

S malltooth

s awfish (Pristis pectinata) Smalltooth sawfish are tropical marine and estuarine fish that have the northwestern terminus of their Atlantic range in the waters of the eastern United States. In the United States, smalltooth sawfish are general ly a shallow water The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or o ther water bodies. NMFS, NOAA. 2001. Federal Register Notice: Proposed Endangered Status for a DPS of Smalltooth Sawfish. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr3741.pdf

### 79 fish of inshore bars, mangrove edges, and seagrass beds, but are occasionally found in deeper coastal waters. (US FWS NMFS, NOAA 2001, p. 19416) Sheepnose mussel, ( Plethobasus cyphyus ) The sheepnose is a larger

stream species occurring primarily in shallow shoal habitats with moderate to swift currents over coarse sand and gravel. Habitats with sheepnose may also have mud, cobble, and boulders. Sheepnose in larger rivers may occur at depths exceeding 6 m (US FWS, 2012, p 149 16). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register Notice: Final Rule. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 03

- 13/pdf/2012

- 5603.pdf



### Shinyrayed pocketbook ( Lamp silis subangulata ) The shinyrayed pocketbook inhabits small to medium

- sized creeks, to rivers in clean or silty sand substrates in slow to moderate current (Williams and Butler 1994; Garner, pers. comm. 2003). Specimens are often found in the interface of stream channel and sloping bank habitats, where sediment particle size and current strength are transitional. Clench and Turner (1956) noted it preferred small creeks and spring

- fed rivers. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with r ivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2003. Recovery Plan for 7 mussels. Page 42.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/030930.pdf

Snuffbox Mussel ( Epioblasma triquetra ) The habitat is described as swift currents and riffles, and shoals and wave

- washed shores of lakes over gravel and sand with occasional cobble and boulders. They generally burrow deep into the substrate (US FWS, 2010, p 67554). This constitutes a wide diversity of habitats. However, they do not occur in impounded areas or reservoirs (except tailwaters) (US FWS, 2012, p 8652). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2010. Fede ral Register Notice: Listing. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2010

- 11

- 02/pdf/2010

- 27413.pdf#page=2

USFWS. 2012. Federal Register Notice: Final Rule. http://www.gpo.g ov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 02

- 14/pdf/2012

- 2940.pdf

### 80 Spectaclecase (mussel) ( Cumberlandia monodonta ) The spectaclecase generally inhabits large rivers where it occurs in microhabitats sheltered from the main force of current. It occurs in a variety of substrates from mud and sand to gravel, cobble, and boulders in relatively shallow riffles and shoals with a slow to swift current. It is most often found in firm mud betw een large rocks in quiet water very near the interface with swift currents (US FWS, 2012, p 14916). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Federal Register Notice: Final R ule.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2012

- 03

- 13/pdf/2012

- 5603.pdf

S potfin chub (Erimonax monachus) The species is an insectivore, feeding diurnally presumably by both sight and taste in benthic areas of slow to swift current over various substrates with little siltation. Streams may range from 15

- 60 m in width and, where occupied, 0.3

- 10.0 m in depth. Water temperature in their summer habitat usually reaches great er than 20°C, and submerged macrophytes are usually absent, occasionally common. The species has been observed associated with sand, gravel, rubble, boulder, and bedrock substrates (Jenkins and Burkhead, 1982) (US FWS 1983, p. 15). The proposed dicamba DG A uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1983. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/831121.pdf

Socorro isopod ( Thermosphaero

ma thermophilus ) Small pools and runs characterized by rela tively stable temperatures and physical factors with algae covering most surfaces. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1982. Socorro Isopod Recover Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/8202 16.pdf Socorro springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis neomexicana ) Occurs on stones and among aquatic plants. Pyrgulopsis neornexicana is also found in the uppermost layer of an organic muck substrate with slow moving currents in rivers and streams. The proposed dicamb a DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1991. Final Rule To List the Alamosa Springsnail and the Socorro Springsnail as Endangered

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr1933.pdf Sonora chub ( Gila ditaenia ) Perenn ial and spatially intermittent small to moderately sized streams. It prefers pools near cliffs, boulders, or other cover in stream channels. The chub is restricted to one river system, The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1992. Sonora Chub Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/920930.pdf

### 81 and as noted, is able to move through the system when flows are suitabl e. US FWS. Species Fact Sheet for SONORA CHUB (Gila ditaenia)

http://www.fw s.gov/southwest /es/arizona/Documents/Redbo ok/Sonora%20Chub%20RB.p df 

### Southern kidneyshell ( Ptychobranch us jonesi ) It is typically found in medium creeks to small rivers in firm sand substrates with slow to moderate current (Williams et al. 2008, pp. 625). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status f or the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61668 So uthern sandshell ( Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis) The southern sandshell is typically found in small creeks and rivers in stable substrates of sand or mixtures of sand and fine gravel, with slow to moderate current. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not e xpected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. Determination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonys hell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Critical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61672 Spikedace ( Meda fulgida ) Moderate to larg e perennial streams with moderate to swift currents. It inhabits shallow riffles with sand gravel and rubble substrates. Specific habitat consists of shear zones where rapid flow borders slower flow, areas of sheet flow at the upper end of mid

- channel sa nd/gravel bars and eddies at downstream riffle edges. All suitable habitats are found under 2,000 meters elevation. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws .gov/docs/life_h istories/E05J.html

Tan riffleshel l (Epioblasma florentina This species inhabits streams described as shallow and turbid with numerous riffles The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap USFWS. 1984. R ecovery Plan.

### 82 walkeri (=E. walkeri ) and substrate consisting of loose rocks and gravel bars with an abundance of water willow (US FWS, 1984. P, 7). with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/tan%20riffleshell%2 0rp.pdf



### Tapered pigtoe ( Fusconaia burkei ) The tapered pigtoe is found in medium creeks to medium rivers in stable substrates of sand, small gravel, or sandy mud, with slow to moderat e current (Williams et al. 2008, p. 296). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS 2012. D etermination of Endangered Species Status for the Alabama Pearlshell, Round Ebonyshell, Southern Kidneyshell, and Choctaw Bean, and Threatened Species Status for the Tapered Pigtoe, Narrow Pigtoe, Southern Sandshell, and Fuzzy Pigtoe, and Designation of Cr itical Habitat: Final rule. Page 61670 Three Forks Springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis trivialis ) Shallow waters up to 6 cm (2.35 in) deep, high conductivity, alkaline waters of pH 8, and suitable substrates that are typically firm, characterized by cobble, gravel , sand (and sometimes fine

- grained mud), woody debris, and aquatic vegetation such as watercress. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2011. ; Proposed Endangered Status for the Three Forks Springsna il and San Bernardino Springsnail, and Proposed Designation of Critical Habitat; Proposed Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2011

- 04

- 12/pdf/2011

- 8176.pdf Tubercled blossom (pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma torulosa torulosa ) Large

- river species that was end emic to the Ohio River system. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2011 Tubercled Blossom Epioblasma torulosa torulosa 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_
year_re view/doc3781.%20toru losa.pdf Virgin River Chub ( Gila seminuda (=robusta )) Virgin River chubs are most often associated with deep runs or pool habitats of slow to moderate velocities with large boulders or instream cover, such as root snags. Adults and juv eniles are often associated together within these habitats; however, the larger adults are collected most often in the deeper pool habitats within the river. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2013 . Virgin River Fishes Recover Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/950419a.pdf

### 83 West Indian Manatee ( Trichechus

manatus latirostris ) This species lives in freshwater, brackish and marine habitats (US FWS, 2001, Executive Summary). The proposed dic amba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. US FWS. 2001. Recovery Plan

- Third Revision. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/011030.pdf

Woundfin ( Plagopterus argentissimus ) Rivers and creeks, depths b etween 0.15 and 0.42 m and velocities between 0.24 and 0.49 m/s and sandy substrates. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/E00Z.ht ml Yaqui catfish ( Ictalurus pricei ) Larger rivers in areas of medium to slow The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1994. Yaqui Fishes Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/950329.pdf Yaqui chub ( Gila purpurea ) Inhabits deeper pools of small streams near undercut banks and debris between 1,219

- 1,828 m (4,000

- 6,000 ft). Is also found in pools associated with springheads. Also occurs in artificial ponds. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species Fact Sheet.

http://www.fws.gov/southwest /es/arizona/Documents/Redbo ok/Yaqui%20Chub%20RB.pd f

Madtom, yellowfin (Noturus flavipinnis) This species prefers pool habitats beneath cobble and small boulder substrates (Miller 2011). The strongest habitat models identified preferred pools for yellowfin madtoms as greater than 40 meters in length with gravel being the main substrate beneath cover rocks (Miller 2011). (US FWS, 2012, p. 16). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 2012. Five Year Review. http://ecos.fws.gov/d ocs/five_ year_review/doc4146.pdf

Zuni Bluehead Sucker ( Catostomus discobolus yarrowi ) Stream reaches with clean, perennial water flowing over hard substrate (material on the stream bottom), such as bedrock. Habitat areas are generally shaded with water

v elocities of less than 0.1 meter per second (0.3 feet per second) in water that was 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) deep with cobble, boulders, and bedrock substrate. Pools often edged by emergent aquatic plants and riparian vegetation. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2014. Endangered Species Status for the Zuni Bluehead Sucker; Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2014

- 07

- 24/pdf/2014

- 17205.pdf

American crocodile

(Crocodylus acutus) Found pri marily in mangrove swamps and along low

energy mangrove

- lined bays, creeks, and inland swamps. During the non

- nesting The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan (68 sp p.)

### 84 season, they are found primarily in the fresh and brackish

- water inland swamps, creeks, and bays, retreating further into the back country in fall and winter. Can be found in inland ponds and creeks, protected coves exposed shorelines mud flats. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf

Atlantic salt marsh snake

(Nerodia clarkii taeniata) The Atlantic salt marsh snake inhabits coastal salt marshes and mangrove swamps. Specifically, it occurs along shallow tidal cr eeks and pools, in a saline environment ranging from brackish to full strength. It is often associated with fiddler crab burrows. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Profile page.

http://ecos.fws.go v/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile?spc ode=C01T#lifeHistory

Elkhorn coral

(Acropora palmat)a Turbulent shallow water on the seaward face of reefs in water ranging from 1 to 5 m in depth. It has been found in waters up to 30 m in depth. The proposed d icamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2008. Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals; Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2008

- 11

- 26/pdf/E8

- 27748.pdf#page=1

Okaloosa darter

(Etheostoma okaloosae) Fast

- flowing streams. Bottoms are mostly sand, with detritus collecting in areas along the edges and eddy areas where the currents are deflected. Darete streams are heavily shade over most of their courses with ti

- ti, alder, wax myrtly, oak, pin e, juniper, and black gum. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. Species life history
page

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/life_h istories/E00H.html

Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp

(Palaemonetes cumingii) Squ irrel Chimney cave system. Entrance is a steep to vertical sloped sink with a shaft 3

- 6 ft wide and extends to the main cave and is referred to as a chimney. The cave has bedding plane tunnels, ledges, and a debris cone which opens to an air chamber. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FWS. 2008. Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp (Palaemonetes cumingii) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1919.pdf

Staghorn cora l

(Acropora cervicornis) Staghorn coral commonly grows in more protected, deeper water ranging from 5 to 20 m in depth and has been found in rare instances to 60

m. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with aquatic environments. US FW S. 2008. Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals; Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2008

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- 27748.pdf#page=1

### 85 Species Habitat Rationale Source
Plants
Acuna Cactus

( Echinomastus
erectocentrus var. acunensis ) The a cuña cactus occurs in valleys and on small knolls and gravel ridges of up to 30 percent slope in the Palo

Verde

- Saguaro Association of the Arizona Upland subdivision of the Sonoran desertscrub at 365 to 1,150 m (1,198 to 3,773 ft) in elevation. The plant i s not found on all seemingly suitable habitat and microclimate (soil structure, chemistry, and moisture) may be important factors. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with desert environments. US FWS. Species life history
page.

htt p://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile?spc ode=Q0OU#lifeHistory



### American

c haffseed, ( Schwalbea americana) Habitats described as pine flatwoods, fi re

- maintained savannas, ecotonal areas between peaty wetlands and xeric sandy soils, and other open grass

- sedge systems (US FWS, 1995). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine flatwoods, fire

maintained savannas, wetland or sedg e dominated systems. USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/950929c.pdf

American hart’s tongue f ern, ( Asplenium scolopendrium

var. am ericanum ) Early successional habitats Northern populations occur in forests of secondary growth where canopy openings are abundant. New York populations occur in conifer forests. Bryophyte beds are an important substrate. The proposed dicamba DGA uses

are not expected to overlap early successional forests, conifer forests or bryophyte beds where the species is found. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/930915.pdf

Arizona Cliff

- rose

( Purshia (=Cowania) subintegra ) Dry. At each site P. subintegra is pa rt of a locally unique vegetative community. The geographic and local distribution of P. subintegra appears to be limited by competition from other plant species rather than a requirement for a specific soil type. Distribution may be limited by competitio n from creosotebush. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. 2013. Arizona Cliffrose (Purshia subintegra) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4260.pdf

Ariz ona hedgehog
cactus Plants are found on dacite or granite bedrock, open slopes, in narrow cracks between The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not US FWS. 2008. 5

- Year Reviews of 28 Southwestern Species

### 86 ( Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus ) boulders, and in the understoryof shrubs in the ecotone between Madrean EvergreenWoodland and Interior Chapparal. expected to overlap with desert habitats. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2008

- 03

- 20/pdf/E8

- 5632.pdf#page=1

Brady pincushion
cactus

( Pediocac tus bradyi ) Pediocactus bradyi is restricted to habitat composed of Kaibab limestone chips overlying soil derived from Moenkopi shale and sandstone outcrops. Chert and quartzite pebbles eroded from the Shinarump member of the Chinle Formation are also pres ent at some sites (USFWS 1985). The rock chips that overlay the soil have clear crystalline coatings and a whiter color that appears distinct from the adjacent brown limestones where few or no P. bradyi

occur The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expect ed to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. 2012. Brady Pincushion Cactus (Pediocactus bradyi) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4036.pdf



### Canby's dropwort ( Oxypolis canbyi ) Coastal plains

- specifically i n pond cypress savannas, the shallows and edges of cypress pond/pine sloughs, and wet pine savannas. These are shallowly flooded, open habitats. Found in natural ponds dominated by cypress,
grass

- sedge dominated Carolina bays. (USFWS 1990) Wetlands (USFW S 2010) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands. 1990 USFWS Canby's dropwort recovery plan

2010 USFWS Canby's dropwort 5

- year review

Canelo Hills ladies'

- tresses

( Spiranthes delitescens ) Occurs in rare wetland habitats i n southern Arizona and northern Sorona, Mexico called "cienegas." Ciengas are mid

- level wetland communities, often surrounded by relatively arid environments, that are usually associated with perrenial springs or stream headwaters. They have permamently or seasonally saturated organic soils, and have a low probability of flooding or scouring. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats.

US FWS. 1997. ETWP; Determination of Endangered Status for Three Wetland Species Found in Southern Arizona and Northern Sonora, Mexico (62 FR 665 689)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr3030.pdf Carter’s small

flowered flax Proposed PCE’s for this species are areas of pine The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not US FWS. 2013. Designation of Critical Habitat for

### 87 ( Linum carteri carteri) rockland habitat with freque nt disturbances ( e.g. fire) expected to overlap with pine rockland habitats with frequent disturbance regimes. Brickellia mosieri (Florida Brickell

- bush) and Linum carteri var. carteri (Carter’s S mall

- flowered Flax).

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 10

- 03/pdf/2013

- 24174.pdf Clay

- loving wild buckwheat

( Eriogonum pelinophilum ) Distribution is linked to soil type. Found within swales and drainages. Mat saltbrus h community. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 2009. Clay

- loving wild buckwheat 5

- year review

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2635.pdf

Cochise pincushion
cactus

( Coryphantha robbinso rum ) Bedrock and stony soils of the Permian Limestone Formation . Transition zone between the Chihuahuan desert scrub and the semi

desert grassland habitats. Occupies limestone hills. Grows on bedrock areas with very little soil in sunny, open, well

- dra ined areas The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1993. Cochise pincushion cactus (Coryphantha robbinsorum) recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930927c.pdf 

### Butterfly plant, Colorado ( Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis ) This species requires early

- to mid

- succession riparian habitat. It commonly occurs in habitat types that are usually intermediate in moisture between wet, streamside communities dominated by sedges, rushes, and cattail s, and dry, upland short

- grass prairie. Typically, Colorado butterfly plant habitat is open, without dense or overgrown vegetation (US FWS, 2010). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with riparian habitat or upland prairies. USFWS. 2010. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/Colorado%20B utterfly%20Plant%20Recov ery%20Outline_Final_May %202010.pdf

Colorado hookless Cactus

(Sclerocactus glaucus ) Populations of S. glaucus occur on alluvial benches and lower mesa slopes along the Green, Colorado, and Gunnison Rivers. Soils are usually coarse, gravelly river alluvium above the river flood plains. Mancos shale with volcanic cobbles and pebbles form surface material The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overl ap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 2010. Recovery Outline for the Colorado hookless cactus (Sclerocactus glaucus)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/CO%20hookless%20 cactus_recovery%20outline_A pr%202010.pdf 

### Cooley's meadowrue Gras sland/herbaceous, woody wetland, and The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to 1994 USFWS Recovery Plan

### 88 ( Thalictrum cooleyi ) herbaceous wetlands (p. i). (USFWS 1994) overlap with wetlands. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/940421.pdf

DeBeque phacelia

( Phacelia submutica ) DeBeque phacelia is restricted to exposures of chocolate to purplish brown and dark charcoal gray alkaline clay soils derived from the Atwell Gulch and Shire members of the Wasatch Formation. These expansive clay soils are found on moderately s teep slopes, benches, and ridge tops adjacent to valley floors of the southern Piceance Basin in Mesa and Garfield Counties, Colorado. On these slopes and soils, DeBeque phacelia usually grows only on one unique small spot of ground that shows a slightly d ifferent texture, color, and crack pattern than the similar surrounding soils. We do not have a precise scientific description of the soil features required to support this species. The natural shrink

- swell cracking process creates the conditions needed fo r the plants and seed bank to thrive. Its habitat lies at the interface of the North

Central Highlands and Rocky Mountain Section and the Intermountain Semi

desert and Desert Province. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with ste ep slopes, benches or ridge tops.

US FWS. 2013. Recovery Outline DeBeque phacelia (Phacelia submutica)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/Debeque%20Phaceli a%20Recovery%20Outline.pd f

Dudley Bluffs bladderpod

( Lesquerella congesta ) Found on drainages along barren outcrops formed by erosion by the downcutting of streams in the Piceance Basin. Grows on level surfaces at the points of ridges and on narrow outcrops of exposed, level, white shale . Surrounding hills and mesas are juniper and pinyon woodla nds The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 1993. Dudley’s bluff bladderpod (Lesquerella congestai) and Dudleys bluff twinpod (Physaria obcordata) recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/93 0813a.pdf

Dudley Bluffs twinpod

( Physaria obcordata ) Found on drainages along barren outcrops formed by erosion by the downcutting of streams in the Piceance Basin. Grows on steep sideslopes. Surrounding hills The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 1993. Dudley’s bluff bladderpod (Lesquerella congestai) and Dudleys bluff twinpod (Physaria obcordata) recovery plan

### 89 and mesas are juniper and pinyon woodlands. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930813 a.pdf 

### Eastern prairie fringed o rchid ( Platanthera leucophaea ) The eastern prairie fringed orchid occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from mesic prairie to wetla nd communities such as sedge meadows, marsh edges and even fens and sphagnum bogs. It requires full sunlight for optimum growth and flowering, which restricts it to grass

- and sedge

dominated plant communities. The substrate of the sites where it occurs ranges from more or less neutral to mildly calcareous, typically glacial soils. It is often early successional, but can be maintained in mid

- to late successional wetlands that remain open and sunny (US FWS, 1999, pp. 6

- 7). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with grass or sedge

- dominated plant communities. USFWS. 1999. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/990929.pdf

Fickeisen Plains
cactus

( Pediocactus peeblesianus fickeiseniae ) Occurs on shallow soils derived f rom exposed layers of Kaibab limestone. Most populations occur on the margins of canyon rims, on flat terraces or benches, or on the toe of well

- drained hills with less than 20 percent slope. Within the Plains and Great Basin grasslands and the Great Basin desert scrub vegetation communities. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile.actio n?spcode=Q1C9#lifeHistory Florida brickell

bush ( Brickellia mosieri ) Proposed PCE’s for this species are areas of pine rockland habitat with frequent disturbances ( e.g. fire) The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with pine rockland habitats with frequent disturbance regimes. US FWS. 2013. Designation of Critical Habitat for Brickellia mosieri (Florida Brickell

- bush) and Linum carteri var. carteri (Carter’s Small

- flowered Flax).

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 10

- 03/pdf/2013

- 24174.pdf

### 90 Fringed campion ( Silene po lypetala ) Occurs in hardwood forests in bottomland and ravines. It is often on fairly steep slopes of deep ravines or north

- facing hillsides, sometimes on nearly level ground, particularly in flatwoods developed on Iredell soils. Occurs mainly in small is olated patches of rich hardwood. The great majority of populations occur in the watershed of the Apalachicola River and its tributary, the Flint River. (USFWS 1996) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests. 1996 USFWS Techni cal Agency Draft Recovery Plan for Fringed Campion ( Salene polypetula )

USFWS Species Profile: Fringed campion ( Silene polypetala ) (http://ecos.fws.gov/species Profile/profile/speciesProfil e.action?spcode=Q21P)

Gentian pinkroot ( Spigelia gentianoides ) W ell drained upland pinelands; longleaf pine

wiregrass ecosystem (USFWS 2012) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests. 2012 US FWS Gentian pinkroot 5

- Year Review

Gierisch mallow

( Sphaeralcea gierischii ) Found on gypsum out crops associated with the Harrisburg Member of the Kaibab Formation in northern Mohave County, Arizona and closely adjacent Washington County, Utah. The surrounding plant community is that of warm desertscrub (Mohave desertscrub) The proposed uses of dicam ba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. Species profile
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile.actio n?spcode=Q3LJ

Gypsum wild

buckwheat

( Eriogonum gypsophilum ) Chihuahuan region of the Desert Scrub F ormation. The climate is semi

- arid and receives an average of about 14 inches of precipitation per
year The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1981. 50 CFR Part 17. Endangered and Threatened Plants; Deter mination of two New Mexico Plants to be Endangered Species and Threatened Species with Critical Habitat. Final Rule. Federal Register / Vol. 46, No. 12 / Monday, January 19, 1981 / Rules and Regulations.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr515.pd f 

### Harperella ( Ptilimnium nodosum ) Harperella is known from only two locations in North Carolina. One population occurs in the Tar River in Granville County. Anoth er population was reintroduced to the Deep The pro posed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with river habitats. USFWS. 1991. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/910305b.pdf

### 91 River recently after the original population known from that area disappeared. This population occurs in Chatham County, but the river serves as the divide between Chatham and Lee counties (US FWS, 1991).

Holmgren milk

vetch

( Astragalus holmgreniorum ) Grows on the shallow, sparsely vegetated soils derived primarily from the Virgin limestone member of the Moenkopi Formation. The species is a principal member of a warm

- desert shrub vegetative community. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 2006. Astragalu s holmgreniorum (Holmgren Milk

- Vetch) and Astragalus ampullarioides (Shivwits Milk

- Vetch): Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060929.pdf

Holy Ghost ipomopsis

( Ipomopsis sancti

spiritus ) Holy Ghost ipomopsis is known from a single popul ation in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of San Miguel County in north

- central New Mexico (Figure 2). Plants are relatively continuous in scattered patches for about 3.5 kilometers (km) (2.2 miles (mi)) of Holy Ghost Canyon beginning 1.6 km (1.0 mi) above t he confluence with the Pecos River then up Holy Ghost Creek to the confluence with Doctor Creek. There are about 80 hectares (ha) (200 acres (ac)) of occupied habitat. The Santa Fe National Forest manages most of the habitat. The USFS maintains a
campgroun d and leases land in Holy Ghost Canyon as the Holy Ghost Summer Home Area. About 80 percent of the population grows on, or immediately adjacent to, the west

- facing cutslopes along Forest Road 122 in Holy Ghost Canyon. Plant density varies from small dense patches (5 plants/m2) The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with montane forest habitats.

US FWS. 2002. Holy Ghost Ipomopsis (Ipomopsis sancti

spiritus) Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/020926.pdf

### 92 to single, isolated plants found greater than 50 m from others. The occupied habitat in Holy Ghost Canyon ranges in elevation from 2,350

- 2,500 m (7,730

- 8,220 ft). Holy Ghost ipomopsis occurs in the Rocky Mountain montane conifer f orest plant community (Brown 1982). Commonly associated species are ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ), aspen (Populus tremuloides), Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), mountain mahogany 

### Houghton's goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii ) This plant grows on the shore s of the Great Lakes, mainly Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, at the Michigan

- Ontario border. (USFWS 2011) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with shores. 2011 US FWS Houghton’s Goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii A. Gray, Asteraceae) 5

- Y ear Review: Summary and Evaluation Huachuca water

umbel

( Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var.

recurva ) Cienegas (marshy wetlands) and associated vegetation within Sonoran desert scrub, grassland or oak woodland, and conifer forest The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1997. Lilaeopsis schaffneriana ssp. recurva.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4435.pdf

Jones Cycladenia

( Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii ) The species can be found in Eriogonum

- Ep hedra, mixed desert shrub, and scattered pinyon

- juniper communities, at elevations ranging from 4,390 to 6,000 feet elevation in plant communities. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 2008. Recover outline for the Jones Cycladenia (Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/Jones%20cycladenia _123008.pdf

Kearney's blue

- star

( Amsonia kearneyana ) South Canyon in the Baboquivari Mountains, Brown Canyon, Jaguar Canyon, and Thomas Canyon. In two distinct habitats: open woodland on unconsolidated slopes of over 20 degrees, and canyon bottoms in full sun to partical shade. once thought to only occupy canyon bottoms, we now know that this is secondary habitat for the species, w ith most subpopulations being located The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats.

US FWS. 2013. 5

- Year

Review for Kearney Bluestar

– 2013

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/ five_ year_review/doc4261.pdf

### 93 on steep, dry, and open woodland

- dominated slopes

Knowlton's cactus

( Pediocactus knowltonii ) The species occurs on rolling, gravelly hills in a pinon

- juniper

- sagebrush community at about 1,900 meters (m) (6,200

- 6,300 feet (ft)). The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not
expe cted to overlap with sagebrush habitats. US FWS. 2010. Knowlton’s Cactus (Pediocactus knowltonii) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3082.pdf

Kuenzler hedgehog
cactus

( Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzle ri ) Throughout its range, pinkflower hedgehog cactus occurs in desert grasslands, honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and other desert shrubland communities, pinyon

- juniper (Pinus

Juniperus spp.) woodlands dominated mostly by Colorado pinyon (P. edulis) and oneseed juniper (J. monosperma), and pine

- oak (Quercus spp.) woodlands. At the Desert Laboratory in Arizona, pinkflower hedgehog cactus grows in a creosotebush/triangle bursage (Larrea tridentata/Ambrosia deltoidea) community. In a 1941 survey, pink flower hedgehog cactus was rare in the Colorado River canyon, where it was usually found in association with Engelmann's hedgehog cactus (E. engelmannii). The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. 1985. Reco very Plan for the Kuenzler's hedgehog cactus

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/850328a.pdf 

### Ladies'

- tresses, Ute ( Spiranthes diluvialis ) Occurs in relatively low elevation riparian, spring, and lakeside wetland meadows. Endemic to mois soils in mesic or wet meadows near springs, lakes, or perrenial streams. Occur primarily in areas where the vegetation is relatively open and not overly dense or overgrown, but some populations are found in riparian woodlands. Observed to be shade

intolerant (US FWS, 1995). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with riverine, spring, or lakeside wet meadows. USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/950921.pdf

USFWS. Species Profile P age. http://ecos.fws.gov/species Profile/profile/speciesProfil e.action?spcode=Q2WA

### 94 Occurs in relatively low elevation riparian, spring, and lakeside wetland meadows. Endemic to moist soils in mesic or wet meadows near springs, lakes, or pe rennial streams. Occur primarily in areas where the vegetation is relatively open and not overly dense or overgrown, but some populations als found in riparian woodlands. Observed to be shade

intolerant (US FWS, Species Profile Page).

Lee pincushion
cactus

( Coryphantha sneedii var. leei ) Chihuahuan desert scrub to conifer woodlands, rock outcrops (rarely alluvial rubble), usually narrowly confined to cr acks in limestone The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1986. Recovery Plan for the Sneed and Lee Pincushion Caciti

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/860321b.pdf 

### Leedy’s roseroot ( Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi ) New York populations occur on cliffs along the western shore of Seneca lake. In Minnesota, populations occur on moderate cliffs, which are coole d by air exiting underground passages in the karst topography (US FWS, 1998). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with cliffs. USFWS. 1998. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/980925.pdf

Lewton's polygala ( Polyga la lewtonii ) This plant grows on the sandhills of Central Florida and the transition between sandhill and Florida scrub. The land is dominated by longleaf pine, turkey oak, and other oaks. It can also be found in recently cleared areas such as the dry, ope n clearings around power lines. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sandhills. US FWS. 2010. Lewton’s polygala ( Polygala lewtonii ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3261.pdf

Manc os milk

- vetch

( Astragalus humillimus ) Semi

- arid sandstone rimrock ledges and mesa tops. Usually found on large, usually flat sheets of sandstone and is clustered around bowl

- like depressions on the bedrock. Also found in cracks and fissures in the The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1989. Mancos milkvetch recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/891220.pdf

### 95 sands tone and at the base of slickrock inclines.

Mesa Verde cactus

( Sclerocactus

mesae

- verdae ) In general, the cactus is restricted to the Mancos and Fruitland Shale Formations which have high alkalinity are gypsiferous and shrink

swell properties that make them harsh sites for plant life. The Mesa Verde cactus is most frequently foun d growing on the tops of hills or benches, slopes of hills and very rarely on level ground between the hills or benches. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. 1984. Mesa Verde Cactus Recovery Plan.

ht tp://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/840330a.pdf



### Miccosukee gooseberry ( Ribes echinellum ) Mixed mesophytic hardwoods (USFWS 2008) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests. 2008 US FWS Miccosukee Gooseberry 5

- Year Review

Michaux's sumac ( Rhus michauxii ) It is endemic to the inner coastal plain and piedmont of the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, where it occupies sandy or rocky open woods. It appears to depend upon some form of disturbance to maintain the open quality of its habitat. (USFWS 1993) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sandy or rocky open woods. 1993 USFWS RECOVERY PLAN for Michaux’s Sumac ( Rhus michauxii ) Sargent

Navajo sedge

( Carex specuicola ) Endemic to Navajo nation, and is no w restricted to Navajo Sandstone Formation bedrock seep

- spring pockets or in hanging gardens within the Great Basin conifer woodland at an elevation of 1740m to 1824 m. May have occurred in lower riparian areas in other canyons on the Navajo Nation. Grows in variety of situations, from inaccessible sheer cliff faces to accessible alcoves. Dominant associated species include monkey flower (Mimulus eastwoodiae), helleborine (Epipactis gigantea), water bentgrass (Agrostis semiverticillata), sand bluestem (And ropogon hallii), thistle (Cirsium spp.) Foxtail barley (Hordeum The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with hanging garden habitats.

US FWS. 1987. Navajo Sedge (Carex speculcola) Recov ery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/870924.pdf

### 96 jubatum), and common reed (Phragmites communis). Nichol's Turk's head
cactus

( Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii ) The cactus grows in open areas and partially to shaded area s underneath the canopy of shrubs and trees, or shouldered next to rocks on steep slopes and within limestone outcrops. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 2009. Nichol ’s Turk’s Head Cactus (Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2509.pdf

North Park phacelia

( Phacelia formosula ) Outcrops are rust

- yellow sandstone and sandy areas along steep slopes, dissected by ravines, sparsely vegetated. More individuals are found on steep sided ravines. Other plants found in association include the genera Mentzelia, Chrysothamnus, Oryzopisis, Arenaria, Eriogonum, and Rosa The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with steep slopes.

US FWS. 1986. North Park Phacelia (Phacelia formosula) Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/860321.pdf

Northeastern bulrush

( Scirpus ancistrochaetus ) Found in ponds, wet depressions, or shallow sinkholes within small (generally less than one acre) wetland complexes. Th ese weltands are characterized by seasonally variable water levels (p. i)

In general, the northeastern bulrush tends to grow in acidic to circumneutral natural ponds, shall sinkoles, wet depressions (wet meadows and marshes) found in hilly country (p. 28)

. Wetlands occupied by the species in the northern part of its range do not appear to have any obvious unique habitat characteristics; indeed, many wetlands appear to have habitat suitable for the plant but do not harbor it (p. 28).

Common to all of th e ponds occupied by S. ancistrochaetus , however, are water levels that fluctuate seasonally and/or annually, The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats.

US FWS. 1993. Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930825.pdf

### 97 from inundation (in late winter and spring) to saturation (in summer and late fall) (p. 28).



### Northern wild monkshood ( Aconitum noveboracense ) T ypical habitat is shaded to partially shaded cliffs and talus slopes or in New York, also occurs in semi

shaded seepage springs at high elevation headwaters. Various bedrock types from sandstones to dolomite and others act as substrates. All habitats hav e a cold soil environment associated with active and continuous cold air drainage or cold ground water flowage out of the nearby bedrock. Typically cliff and talus slope populations are associated with openings or caves, often ice

- filled, through which th e cold air emanates (US FWS, 1983, p. 18

- 20). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with cliffsides, rockfalls at cliff bases or springs associated with cold air or water. USFWS. 1983. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec
overy_ plan/830923.pdf

Osterhout milkvetch

( Astragalus osterhoutii ) Middle Park desert badlands surrounded by high ranges of the Rocky Mountains and characterized by open grassy vegetation with scattered shrubs of big sagebrush, rabbitbrushes, bitterbrush, hors ebrush, winterfat, snowberry, and/or mountain mahogany.

Osterhout milkvetch shows evidence of light grazing and can be found on old road cuts and fills,

Occur within six (6) miles to the north and east of the town of Kremmling. The proposed uses of dicam ba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats.

US FWS. 1992. 1992_USFWS_Osterhout milkvetch (Astragulus osterhoutii) and penland beardtongue (Penstemon penlandii) recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/920930c.pdf

### 98 Pagosa skyrock et

( Ipomopsis polyantha ) Shale outcrops

— The Pagosa Skyrocket is limited to the Mancos Shale The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with shale outcrops.

US FWS. . ECOS: Pagosa skyrocket (Ipomopsis polyantha) Species Profile

- Life Hi story

http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile.actio n?spcode=Q2U7#lifeHistory

Parachute beardtongue

( Penstemon debilis ) Steep, continually shifting surface layers of broken shale rubble, along with sparse (less than 10 percent cover)

v egetation of other oil shale

specific plants on the Parachute Creek Member and Lower Part of the Green River geologic formations. Rocky Mountain Cliff and Canyon plant community. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with shale outc rops. US FWS. 2013. Recovery Outline Parachute beardtongue (Penstemon debilis)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/Parachute%20Beardt ongue%20Recovery%20Outli ne.pdf 

### Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) sunflower ( Helianthus paradoxus ) Pecos sunflower is a wetland plant that grows on wet, alkaline soils at spring seeps, wet meadows, stream courses and pond margins. It has seven widely spaced populations in west

- central and eastern New Mexico and adjacent Trans

- Pecos Texas. These populations are all dependent upon

w etlands from natural groundwater deposits. Incompatible land uses, habitat degradation and loss, and groundwater withdrawals are historic and current threats to the survival of Pecos sunflower. (USFWS 2005) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands. USFWS 2005 Final Pecos Sunflower Recovery Plan

Available at: http://www.fws.gov/southw est/es/documents/r2es/peco s_sunflower_fina l_recovery _plan.pdf

Peebles Navajo
cactus

( Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus ) The species occurs in desert habitat and the transition to Great Basin grassland habitat. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert ha bitats. US FWS. 2008. Peebles Navajo Cactus(Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus) 5

- Year Review:Summary and Evaluation

### 99 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1960.pdf

Penland alpine fen mustard

( Eutrema penlandii ) small calcareous wetlands, Oligotrophic rheotrophic alpine marshes The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland habitats. US FWS. 1993. Eutrema penlandii (Penland alpine mustard) Federal Register document

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/920930 c.pdf

Penland beardtongue

( Penstemon penlandii ) Penstemon penlandii is found in co

- existence with Astracialus osterhoutii and both are endemic to Middle Park, a high elevation sagebrush park at 7,500 feet, surrounded by various ranges of the Rocky Mounta ins, in Grand County, Colorado. It is found in badlands of Pierre Shales and of late Tertiary (Miocene Troublesome Formation) in siltstone sediments and the habitat is characterized by an open grassy vegetation with scattered shrubs of big sagebrush, rabb itbrushes, bitterbrush, horsebrush, winterfat, snowberry, and/or mountain mahogany The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with sagebrush habitats.

US FWS. 1992. OSTERIIOUT KILKVETCH (Astra~a1us osterhoutil) PENLAND BEAROTONGUE (Penste mon Denlandil) Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/920930c.pdf

Peter's Mountain mallow

( Iliamna corei ) Iliamna corei occurs in the shallow soil of the Clinch sandstone outcrops on the northwest

- facing slope of Peters Mountain The propos ed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with sandstone outcrops. US FWS. 1990. Peters Mountain Mallow (Iliamna corei (Sherli) Sherff) RECOVERY PLAN

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/900928a.pdf

Pima pineapple
cactus

( Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina ) Desert scrubland or the ecotone between desert scrubland and desert grasslands on flat terrain. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 2007. Pima Pineapple Cactus 5

- Year Review Summar y and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1041.pdf 

### Roan Mountain bluet, (Hedyotis
purpurea var. montana) This species grows in shallow soils and crevices of cliffs and outcrops and on thin rocky soils of grassy balds (US FWS, 1996). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with cliffs and outcrops. USFWS. 1996. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/960513.pdf

Rock gnome lichen ( Gymnoderma lineare ) Rock gnome lichen is primarily limited to vertical rock faces where seepage water from forest The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with high http: //www.fws.gov/raleigh /species/es_rock_gnome_lic hen.html

### 100 soils above flows during (an d only during) very wet times. It appears the species needs a moderate amount of light, but that it cannot tolerate high

intensity solar radiation. It does well on moist, generally open, sites, with northern exposures, but needs at least partial
canopy cov erage where the aspect is southern or
western

Rock gnome lichen is known from the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia, in areas of high humidity, either at high elevations, where it is frequently bat hed in fog, or in deep gorges at lower elevations. elevation vertical rock faces where the species occurs.

Running buffalo clover ( Trifolium stoloniferum ) Running buffalo clover occurs in mesic habitats of
par tial to filtered sunlight, where there is a prolonged pattern of moderate periodic disturbance, such as mowing, trampling, or grazing. It is most often found in regions underlain with limestone or other calcareous bedrock. Specific habitats include mesic woodlands, savannahs, floodplains, stream banks, sandbars, grazed woodlots, mowed paths (e.g. cemeteries, parks), old logging roads, jeep trails, ATV trails, skid trails, mowed wildlife openings within mature forest, and steep ravines. It has been sugges ted that the original habitat may have been open woods or The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with mesic habitats where the cl over is expected to be found. USFWS. 2007. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/070627.pdf

### 101 savannah, and bison herbivory on associated species may have kept the habitats open (US FWS, 2007, p. 12.).

Sacramento Mountains thistle

( Cirsium vinaceum ) Occur in wetlands, or subirrigated areas associated with springs, streams, and seeps. Most exi sting populations are in mixed conifer/mountain meadow settings. Riparian habitat on wet travertine deposits. It typically has meadows and streams on steep slopes with little other vegetation, including grass The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not
exp ected to overlap with wetland habitats.

US FWS. 1993. Sacramento mountains thistle (Cirsium vinaceum) recovery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930927a.pdf

Sacramento prickly
poppy

( Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta ) Occurs in steep, rocky canyons between the pinyon/juniper zone of the Chihuahuan Desert Scrublands and Grasslands (1,310 m [4,300 ft]), and the lower edge of the ponderosa pine community of the Great Basin Conifer Woodlands (2,164 m [7,100 ft]). Habitats include arid cany on bottoms, dry terraces above riparian areas, and stream banks, as well as areas around springs and seeps. Plants grow directly in the rocks and gravel of stream beds; on vegetated bars of silt, gravel, and rock; on cut slopes; and

on terraces above stre am channels. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with canyon habitats.

US FWS. 2013. Sacramento prickly poppy 5

- year review

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc4324.pdf

San Francisco Peaks ragwort

( Packera franciscana ) Found on the talus slopes in the alpine fellfield on the San Francisco Peaks. 3,445

- 3,780 m. Ground surface is gravelly and existing boulders are more rounded with better lichen development that in the boulder field. Plant common in fine

- medium grain soil s on inclines from moderate to 60%; aspect ranged from 45

- 315 degrees, with largest population/greatest densities on slopes with aspects from The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with alpine habitats.

US FWS. 1987. Recovery Plan for San Francisco Peaks Groundsel Senecio franciscanus Greene

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/870721.pdf

### 102 180

- 270 degrees. Vegetation here is of low stature, sparse, characterized by herbs, grasses, occasional shrubs,

an d at timberline by dwarf
trees.

Sandplain gerardii

( Agalinis acuta ) Typically occurs on dry, sandy, poor

- nutrient soils of sparsely vegetated sandplain environments and serpentine barrens. Lives in grassland communities. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap wit h grassland habitats. US FWS. 1989. Sandplain gerardia recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/890920.pdf Scrub mint ( Dicerandra frutescens ) Dicerandra frutescens is mostly restricted to excessively drained, yellow sandy soils of the Astatu la and Paola soil types. However, it has been found on a moderately well

drained, yellow sand of the Orsino type. The plant requires periodic fire to maintain populations and populations decline in areas without fire in as little as five
years. Row crop lands are expected to be maintained in a fireless state continually and it is not reasonable to
assume t hat population of this species persist in row cropped areas. The proposed 2,4

- D choline use sites are not expected to provide appropriate fire influence d habitat. US FWS. 2009. Scrub Mint ( Dicerandra frutescens ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2492.pdf



### Seabeach amaranth ( Amaranthus pumilus ) Barrier island beaches of the Atlantic coast, inlets, temporary habitats, may move as areas become suitable or unsuitable habitat. Overwash flats at accreting ends of islands, lower foredunes and upper strands of noneroding beaches (landward of the wrackline). Does not occur on well

- vegetated sites. (USFWS 1996) Th e proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with beaches. 1996 Weakley, Bucher, Murdock U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Recovery Plan for Seabeach Amaranth.( Amaranthuspum ilius) Rafinesque ) . Atlanta, Georgia. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec

o very_plan/961112b.pdf.

2007 USFWS Seabeach Amaranth Five

- Year Review; http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc1068.pdf Sensitive joint

vetch ( Aeschynomene virginica ) Occurs in fresh to slightly brackish tidal river systems, within the intertidal zon e where populations are flooded The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with wetlands. 1995 USFWS Sens itive joint

- vetch recovery plan

2012 USFWS Sensitive joint

- vetch 5

- year review

### 1 03 twice daily. Typically occur in the estuarine meander zone of tidal rivers where sediments transported from upriver settle out and extensive marshes form. Need disturbed/open habitats such as: accreting point bars that ha ve not yet been colonized by perennial species, low swales within extensive marshes, areas of nutrient deficiencies in saturated organic sediments, or areas of muskrat herbivory. (USFWS 1995)

Majority are found in natural tidal marsh habitats, but also a few documented cases of a pocket marsh wetland, edge of a moist soybean field, and a mowed grassy strip between a manmade drainage channel and dirt road. (USFWS 2012) Sentry milk

- vetch

( Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax ) Found on scarcely visible cracks in Kaibab limestone, in sand

- filled hollows in rock, or on shallow gravelly

s oils. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with limestone outcrops. US FWS. 2009. Sentry milk

vetch 5

- Year Review

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/actio n_plans/doc3054.pdf

Shale barren rock

cress

( Arabis serotina) This plant grows on the soils of the restricted to shale barrens and adjacent woodlands found in western Virginia and eastern West Virginia.

Shale barren is a designation for a shale slope of the region with an open, scrubby growth of pine, oak, red cedar, and other woody speci es adapted to the xeric conditions. Amidst the woody growth, which may form a canopy cover of less than 10%, an open herbaceous cover is found with species The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with shale barren or woodland habitats.

US FWS. 1991. SHALE BARREN ROCK (Arabis serotina) Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/910815.pdf

### 104 also adapted to the harsh conditions. Siler pincushion
cactus

( Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Ut ahia) sileri ) Badland like rolling hills. Th e proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with desert habitats. US FWS. 1986. Recovery Plan for the Pediocactus sileri

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/860414b.pdf 

### Small

- anthered bittercress ( Cardamine micranthera ) Native to small streambank seeps, adjacent sandbars, and stream edges in the Dan River drainage of the North Carolina and Virginia piedmont. (USFWS 1991)

This plant occurs in moist and wet, shady areas near streams and in dim woodlands. Small

anthered bittercress is kno wn only from the Dan River basin in north

central North Carolina (Stokes County) and south

- central Virginia (Patrick County). (USFWS 1998) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with stream edges. 1991 USFWS Recovery Plan for the Small

- anthered bittercress Cardamine micranthera

1998 USFWS Recovery Plan for the Cardamine micranthera

Small whorled pogonia ( Isotria medeoloides ) The small whorled
p ogonia occurs on upland sites in mixed

- deciduous or mixed deciduous/coniferous forests that are generally in second

- or third

- growth successional stages. It occurs on both fairly young and maturing forest stands. Most occurrences include sparse to modera te ground cover in the species’ microhabitat, a relatively open understory canopy, and proximity to features that create long persisting breaks in the forest canopy. Soils at most sites are highly acidic and nutrient poor, with moderately high soil The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with mixed deciduous/coniferous forests. USFWS. 1992. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/921113b.pdf

### 105 moistu re values. Light availability could be a limiting factor for this species. The one Illinois site is unusual in being on a dry, steep, thinly forested slope atop a vertical sandstone bluff. The one Ohio site is along the Ohio River in a typical Appalach ian

- type forest association (US FWS, 1992, pp. 23

- 24). Smooth coneflower ( E chinacea laevigata ) The habitat of smooth coneflower consists of open woods, cedar barrens, roadsides, clearcuts, dry limestone bluffs, and power line rights

- of

- way, usually on magnesium

- and calcium

rich soils associated with amphibolite, dolomite, or lim estone (USFWS 2011) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with open woods, barrens, or bluffs. 2011 USFWS Smooth Coneflower ( Echinacea laevigata ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

Sneed pincushion
cactus ( Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii ) The Sneed and Lee pincushion cacti grow in semi

- desert grassland (Brown, 1982). The Sneed pincushion cactus is restricted to limestone and grows in cracks on vertical cliffs or ledges. The Sneed pincushion cactus grows at an elevation of 1,200

- 2, 350 m in areas where the average precipitation varies from 19.7 to 40 cm per year. Edaphic requirements are poorly understood. (USFWS 1986) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with semi

desert grasslands. 1986 USFWS Recovery Plan for the Sneed and Lee Pincushion Cacti. Pages 8

- 9. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/860321b.pdf

Swamp pink ( Helonias bullata ) Swamp pink is found in a variety of wetla nd habitats, including swampy forested wetlands bordering small streams; headwater wetlands; sphagnous, hummocky, dense Atlantic white cedar swamps; Blue Ridge swamps; meadows; bogs; The proposed dicamba DGA uses

are n ot expected to overlap with wetlands. 1991 USFWS S wamp P ink ( Helonias bullata ) R ecovery Plan

Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/910930c.pdf

### 106 and spring seepage areas (USFWS 1991)

Todsen's pennyroyal

(Hedeo ma todsenii ) Todsen’s pennyroyal occurs in the Great Basin Conifer Woodland community where piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and one seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) are the dominant species (Brown and Lowe 1980). Besides piñon and juniper, other common associ ates with Todsen’s pennyroyal include mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), yellowleaf sil ktassel (Garrya flavescens), wavyleaf oak (Quercus undu/ata), white ragweed (Hymenopappus radiatus), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sp.), and muhly grass (Muhienbergia s p.). Todsen’s pennyroyal does not appear to associate consistently with any particular species. It grows (and flowers) in the shade of piñon pines and junipers, and in woodland openings with thin grasses (mostly Muhienbergia sp.). At some sites, it is abse nt from thickets of wavyleaf oak; at other sites, flowering plants are under wavyleaf oak and other shrubs (The Nature Conservancy, New Mexico Field Office 1 990; Sarah Wood, pers. comm. 1993). Todsen’s pennyroyal is restricted to loose, gypseous

- Plants g row in loose limestone substrates associated with or positioned
gypseous

- limestone immediately below the Permian Yeso Formation soils on north

- facing (NMFRCD 1991) Most plants are on steep (20 70 slopes degree), north

- facing slopes, with a surface of

scree or The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats.

US FWS. 2001. Todsen’s Pennyroyal Recovery Plan

- 2001

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/010131.pdf

### 107 gravelly cobble; however, some plants at Mountain Lion Peak are on small, nearly level terraces along intermittent streams. The substrates have a thin layer of conifer litter over a mixture of limestone and finer materials.

Virginia round

- leaf birch

( Betula uber ) Transitional between the oak

pine and maple

- beech

- bi rch associations, with some tendencies toward the elm

ash

- cottonwood association because of the riparian setting. Disturbance and moderate levels of incoming solar radiation associated with seedling establishment The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not

e xpected to overlap with forest habitats. US FWS. 1990. 1990_USFWS_Virginia round

- leaf birch (Betula uber) recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/900924a.pdf 

### Virginia sneezeweed ( Helenium virginicum ) Seasonal wetlands, sink hole ponds varyin g from forest settings to farm pond margins. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap sink hole ponds and seasonal wetlands. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/001002.pdf

Spiraea, Virginia ( Spiraea virginiana ) Spiraea virginiana is fo und along the banks of high gradient sections of second and third order streams, or on meander scrolls and point bars, natural levees, and other braided features of lower reaches (often near the stream mouth). The habitat is in oft

- disturbed early success ional areas. Occasional flood scouring reduces shading and seems to be essential, although the spiraea can tolerate some overstory growth (US FWS, 1992, pp.17

- 18.). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rivers, streams, creeks, or other water bodies. USFWS. 1992. Recovery Plan. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/rec overy_plan/921113a.pdf

Welsh's milkweed

( Asclepias welshii ) Aeolian sand dunes in a plant community dominated by sand mulesears with prominent groves of ponderosa pine and clu mps of Gambel oak. Vegetation surrounding the sand dune habitat is dominated by The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland or sagebrush habitats. US FWS. 1992. Welsh's Milkweed (Ascl epias welshii) Recovery Plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/920930a.pdf

### 108 pinyon

- juniper woodlands with sagebrush.

Zuni fleabane

(Erigeron rhizomatus ) Found on red detrital clay with steep easily erodable slopes that do not crust over. Associated with pinyon

juniper woodland. Prefers sl opes of up to 40 degrtees, usually with a north

- facing aspect, but it also occurs on eastern and western exposures. It never occurs on slopes with a southern aspect. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats.

US F WS. 1988. Zuni fleabane recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/880930.pdf

Aboriginal Prickly

apple

( Harrisia aboriginum ) This cactus occurs in Florida in coastal strand vegetation (relatively low salt

- tolerant shrubs and grasses), tropica l coastal hammocks with trees including gumbo limbo ( Bursera simaruba ), wild lime ( Zanthoxylum fagara ), or live oak ( Quercus virginiana ). Populations are likely to be on shell mounds created by pre

- European local residents, or at least on sites with shelly substrates. Plants may be quite close to the mangrove zone The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with habitats on shelly substrates or vegetation that is at all salt

tolerant. US FWS. Species life history
page.

http://ecos.fws.gov/ speciesPro file/profile/speciesProfile.actio n?spcode=Q0DR

Apalachicola
rosemary

( Conradina glabra ) Xeric longleaf pine communities; prefers sunny or lightly shaded areas. Edges of steephead ravines, upland pine

- wiregrass vegetation, also found in right

- o f

- ways, edges of roads in pine plantations The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woody habitats

. US FWS. 2009. Conradina glabra (Apalachicola rosemary) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_
year_ review/doc2421.pdf

Avon Park harebells

( Crotalaria avonensis ) Sparsely vegetated, xeric white sand scrub. Prefers (but does not require) open scrub, with less vegetation cover and more bare sand. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to ove rlap with scrubland habitats or areas of bare sand. Avon Park harebells ( Crotalaria avonensis ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

US FWS. 2007.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1067.pdf

Beach jacquemontii

( Jacquemontia reclinata ) Jacqu emontia reclinata requires open areas that are typically found on the crest and lee sides of stable dunes (Austin 1979), and may also invade and restabilize maritime hammock or coastal strand communities that have been disturbed by tropical storms, hurrica nes, and The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with sand dune or maritime habitats

. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Field Office Multi

- Species Recovery Plan

http://ecos .fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf

### 109 possibly fire. Common vegetative associates found with J. reclinata include sea grape ( Coccoloba uvifera ), cabbage palm ( Sabal palmetto ), poisonwood ( Metopium toxiferum ), Madagascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ), Croton involucrata, gopher appl e ( Licania michauxii ), prickly pear cactus ( Opuntia sp.), sandspurs ( Cenchrus spp.), sea oats ( Uniola paniculata) and other shrubs and dwarfed trees. It is also an inhabitant of disturbed or sunny areas In the tropical maritime hammock (hardwood forest) or the coastal strand vegetation, typically with sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and other shrubs and dwarfed trees. It usually occurs with more or less weedy plants such as Madagascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus

roseus ) and sand spurs ( Cenchrus spp.). It occasio nally occurs in the beach dune community with sea oats ( Uniola paniculata ).

Beautiful pawpaw

( Deeringothamnus pulchellus ) Pristine and modified pine flatwoods, roadsides, and mowed areas The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with woodland habitats or roadsides and

mo wed areas. US FWS. 2009. Beautiful pawpaw ( Deeringothamnus pulchellus ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2588.pdf

Britton's beargrass

( Nolina brittoniana ) Occurs in scrub, high pineland, and even occasio nally in hammocks. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland or woodland habitats

. US FWS. 1996. Recovery Plan for Nineteen Central Florida Scrub and High Pineland Plants (revised) (960622)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov

e ry_plan/960622.pdf

Brooksville bellflower

( Campanula robinsiae ) Deciduous forest: Occurs on pond margins, wet prairies, and seepage areas in adjacent hardwood forests, Also along the margins of marshes. Important characteristic is The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forested or wetland habitats US FWS. 1994. Recovery plan Brooksville bellflower ( Campanula robinsiae ) and C ooley’s water willow ( Justicia cooleyi ).

### 110 that the water line fluctuates. Often the Brooksville bellflower’s habitat is surrounded by pastures http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940620b.pdf

Cape Sable Thoroughwort

( Chromolaena frustrata ) Grows in open canopy habitats in coastal berms and coastal rock barrens, and in semi

- open to closed canopy hab itats, including buttonwood forests, coastal hardwood hammocks, and rockland hammocks. C. frustrata is often found in the shade of associated canopy and subcanopy plant specie s The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with coastal or

wo odland habitats US FWS. 2014. Designation of Critical Habitat for Chromolaena frustrata (Cape Sable Thoroughwort); Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2014

- 01

- 08/pdf/2013

- 31576.pdf

Carter's mustard

( Warea carteri ) Found almost exclusively in upl and areas. It is found primarily in sandhills and scrubby flatwoods, and often at the ecotone between these two vegetation types. In the northern part of its range, most sites are on sandhill. Near the south end of its range (e.g., ABS), Carter's mustard is found primarily in scrubby flatwoods. Also grows along sandy trails and roadsides. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with sandhills or flatwoods habitats

. US FWS 2008. Carter's mustard ( Warea carteri ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1977.pdf

Chapman rhododendron

( Rhododendron chapmanii ) Transitional area between upland mesic or scrubby flatwoods and floodplain swamps or baygalls. Also found in mesic pine flatwoods or on the lower elevations of sandhills. Fire dependent community. Camp Blanding population grows on the edge of a xeric hammock next to a stream bank. The Camp Blanding sites are dominated by sand live oak ( Quercus germinata ), laural oak ( Q. hemisphaerica ), an d water oak ( Q. nigra ). Gulf and Liberty/Gadsden populations are dominated by wiregrass, longleaf pine and/or slash pine. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland or woodland habitats and are not expected to be associated with frequent fires. US FWS. 2010. Chapman's Rhododendron ( Rhododendron minus var. chapmanii ) 5 year Review: Summary and Evaluation.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3201.pdf

### 111 Cooley's water

willow

( Justicia cooleyi ) Hardwood forests and har dwood pine forests. Also found along roadways among species of various grasses and herbs. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with forested habitats or along roadways. US FWS. 1994. Brooksville bellflower and Cooley's water

will re covery plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940620b.pdf

Crenulate lead

- plant

( Amorpha crenulata ) Historically, this species occupied the ecotone between wet prairie and pine rockland, but wet prairie habitat no longer exists in the sites contai ning the two largest natural populations, and pine rockland is rare. Prefers open sun to partial shade sites. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland, forested or rockland habitats

. US FWS. 2007. Crenulate lead

- plant ( Amo rpha crenulata ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1111.pdf

Deltoid spurge

( Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea ) Pine rocklands of Miami Rock Ridge. Open shrub canopy, exposed limestone, and minimal litt er The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wooded habitats and exposed soils. US FWS. 2010. Deltoid Spurge ( Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc 3243.pdf

Etonia rosemary

( Conradina etonia ) Deep white sand scrub with shrubby evergreen oaks and sand pines; occur in natural openings/disturbed areas The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland wooded habitats US FWS. 1994. Etonia rosemary recovery plan

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/940927c.pdf

Florida bonamia

( Bonamia grandiflora ) Occurs mainly in scrub, but occasionally occurs in high pinelands in the Ocala National Forest (pg 14); In Ocala National Fores t, the bonamia has been observed in the following stand condition classes of sand pine: regeneration, seedling and sapling, immature poletimber, mature poletimber (pg 15). The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland or woode d habitats

. US FWS. 1996. Recovery Plan for Nineteen Central Florida Scrub and High Pineland Plants (revised) (960622)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/960622.pdf

Florida golden aster

( Chrysopsis floridana ) Prefers open, sandy areas within the sand pine scrub community. They have been found growing in the ecotone between scrub and other communities. Historically, C. floridana was known to occur in scrub habitat on coastal dunes, and was reintroduced to this habitat type at Fort Desoto County Park. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrubland or wooded habitats

. US FWS. 2009. Florida Golden

- aster 5

- year review

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2411.pdf

### 112 Florida perforate cladonia

( Cladonia perfora ta ) This lichen occurs on a barrier island in the Florida panhandle (Okaloosa County) and in scrub vegetation The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with barrier island or scrubland habitats

. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan (68 spp.)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf

Florida Semaphore Cactus

( Consolea corallicola ) Occurs on r ockland hammocks; coastal berm, and buttonwood forests. Consolea corallicola also occurs on sandy soils and limestone rockland soils with little organic matter and seems to prefer areas where canopy cover and sun exposure are moderate. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with rocky, coastal or wooded habitats

. US FWS. 2013. Determination of Endan gered Status for Chromolaena frustrata (Cape Sable Thoroughwort), Consolea corallicola (Florida Semaphore Cactus), and Harrisia aboriginum (Aboriginal Prickly

- Apple); Final Rule

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg /FR

- 2013

- 10

- 24/pdf/2013

- 24177.pdf

Florida skullc ap

( Scutellaria floridana ) The primary habitat of Florida skullcap is wet longleaf pine flatwoods and wet prairie, within the grassy seepage bog communities at the edge of forested or shrubby wetlands, a habitat defined as a fire

- dependent community. It is also found in the ecotones between mesic flatwoods and swamps sites or grassy margins of wetland habitats, and somewhat disturbed wetland savanna. Florida skullcap can be found growing in full sun or light shade. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with wetland or forested habitats or in areas with frequent fire disturbance. US FWS. 2009. Scutellaria floridana ( Florida skullcap) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2416.pdf



### Florida torreya ( Torreya taxifolia ) The Florida torreya is a dioecious coniferous tree found in the slope forest (FNAI 2010) that cover hammocks, steep, deeply shaded limestone slopes and wooded ravines along the east side of the Apalachicola River in Florida (Fi g. 1), and adjacent Lake Seminole in Georgia. Soils in these areas are within the orders Alfisols and Mollisols. (USFWS 2010) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with forests. USFWS 2010. Torreya taxifolia ( Florida torreya ) 5

- Year Re view. Page 13. Available at: http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/fiv e_year_review/doc3258.pdf

Florida ziziphus Seems to prefer high pine habitats or the transition zone The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not US FWS. 2009. Florida Ziziphus

### 113 ( Ziziphus celata ) betwee n scrubby flatwoods and high pine. In general habitat characterization for this particular species is extremely complexed. Many of the known sites are in pasture and one site in particular is identified as a Remnant Sandhill. Another site in particular is described as open Oak Hickory, yellow sand scrub. expected to overlap with wooded habitats

. ( Ziziphus celata ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_
yea r_review/doc2587.pdf

Four

- petal pawpaw

( Asimina

tetramera ) Found on sand pine scrub vegetation on old, coastal dunes 1979). The species grows in excessively

- drained, quartz sand of both the Paola and the St. Lucie soil series showing a preference for t he Paola soils. Asimina

tetramera is found in various seral stages of sand pine scrub, ranging from open [no canopy] to mature [closed canopy] and is adapted to infrequent, intense fires, perhaps every 20 to 80 years. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are n ot expected to overlap with scrubland or wooded habitats

. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan (68 spp.)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf

Fragrant prickly

apple

( Cereus eriophorus

var. fragrans ) T he plant's favored natural habitat is mostly coastal hammocks with some shade, as the cactus can become desiccated in full sun. Coastal hammocks of this kind have become uncommon as they have been cleared for development and heavily fragmented The propose d uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with coastal habitats with shade. US FWS. 2010. Fragrant prickly

- apple ( Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3246.pdf

Garber 's spurge

( Chamaesyce garberi ) Garber’s spurge occurs at low elevations either on thin sandy soils composed largely of Pamlico sands or directly on limestone. It is found in a variety of open to moderately shaded habitat types. In pine rocklands, it grow s out of crevices in oolitic limestone. On Cape Sable, Everglades NP, it has been reported from hammock edges, open grassy prairies, and backdune swales. In the Florida Keys, it grows on semi

- exposed limestone shores, open calcareous salt flats, pine rockl ands, calcareous sands The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine rocklands, limestone crevices, the Everglades National Park, and the Florida Keys. US FWS. 1999. South Florida Multi

- Species Recovery Plan (68 spp.)

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/140903.pdf

### 114 of beach ridges, and along disturbed roadsides.

Garrett's mint

( Dicerandra christmanii ) Dicerandra christmanii is found within openings in sclerophyllous oak scrub. As a gap species, it prefers open areas and does no t grow vigorously when in shaded conditions. The habitat is yellow

- sand Florida scrub dominated by sand pines ( Pinus clausa ), several species of oak, and scrub hickory. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with oak scrub, sand pines, and scrub hickory. US FWS 2009. Garrett’s Mint ( Dicerandra christmanii ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2545.pdf

Godfrey's butterwort

( Pinguicula ionantha ) Occurs in herb bog habitats embedded in long leaf pine savannas. Specifically, it is found between a lower elevation habitat dominated by pond cypress overstory and a slightly higher elevation pine flatwoods dominated by an overstory of longleaf pine. This species inhabits seepage bogs, deep swampy b ogs, ditches, and depressions in grassy pine flatwoods and savannas (p. 11). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with longleaf pine

savannas. US FWS. 2009. Pinguicula ionantha Godfrey’s butterwort 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluatio n

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2590.pdf

Harper's beauty

( Harperocallis flava ) Gentle slopes, seepage savannas between pinelands, and cypress swamps to open roadside depressions. Observed in pine flatwoods bog areas surrounded with titi ( Cyrilla racemiflora ), wiregrass ( Aristida stricta ), and slash pine (Pinus elliottii), along roadsides, in damp roadside ditches adjacent to planted pines near flatwoods. Wet prairie in transitions to wetter shrub zones and roadside ditches. Wet prairie is characterized as a treeless plain with sparse to dense ground cover of grasses and herbs, dominated by wiregrass in the Apalachicola NF; low relatively flat poorly drained terrain of the coastal plain, seasonally innundated for 50

- 100 days each years, bur ns every 2

- 4 years. Fire prone habitat. The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with savannas and pine flatwoods bog areas. US FWS. 2009. Harperocallis flava Harper’s beauty 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/d ocs/five_ year_review/doc2579.pdf

### 115 Highlands scrub hypericum

( Hypericum cumulicola ) Highlands scrub hypericutn is found almost exclusively in upland areas with excessively

- drained white sand. It is found primarily in rosemary scrub but also in xeric scrub by flatwoods. These areas have fire return intervals of 5

- 30 years or 10

- 100 years. The species is not found in all areas of suitable habitat probably because of dispersal limitations. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with white s and areas. US FWS 2008. beauty Highlands scrub hypericum ( Hypericum cumulicola ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1959.pdf

Johnson's seagrass

( Halophila johnsonii ) Estuarine/Marine Submerged Environments . Lagoons along approximately 200 km of coastline in southeastern Florida between Sebastian Inlet and north Biscayne Bay. Extending from intertidal to 3m of depth The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with lagoons and other aquatic hab itats. US FWS. 2002. Endangered and Threatened Species; Notice of Availability for the Final Recovery Plan for Johnson's Seagrass

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/feder al_register/fr3965.pdf

Key tree cactus

( Pilosocereus robinii ) This cactus grows in upland
tr opical hardwood hammocks on limestone or coral substrates. It sometimes grows on sparsely vegetated coral rock and just above the high tide mark. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with upland tropical hardwood hammocks on limestone or coral substrates. US FWS. 2010. Key tree

cactus ( Pilosocereus robinii ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3278.pdf

Knieskern's Beaked

rush

( Rhynchospora knieskernii ) Occurs in groundwater

influenced, f luctuating, successional habitats. Found on bare substrates with sparse vegetation. Requires disturbance and is an early successional species. Historical records indicate species occupied wet open areas in fire

- dependent pitch pine forests. Species is now found in human

- influenced sites such as the edges of abandoned clay, sand, and gravel pits; borrow pits that are functioning as vernal pools; ditches; unimproved roads; cranberry bogs; and railroad and powerline rights

of

- way The proposed dicamba DGA u ses are not expected to overlap with the edges of abandoned clay, sand, and gravel pits; borrow pits that are functioning as vernal pools; ditches; unimproved roads; cranberry bogs; and railroad and powerline rights

- of

- way. US FWS. 1993. Knieskern's Beaked

- rush (Ii) Recovery Plan.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/930929b.pdf

Lakela's mint

( Dicerandra immaculata ) Dicerandra immaculata is found in open scrub, sand pine scrub, and sandhills on remnants of old coastal dunes. The proposed uses of dicam ba DGA are not expected to overlap with scrub and sandhills habitats. US FWS. 2008. Lakela's mint ( Dicerandra immaculata ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

### 116 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1984.pdf

Longspurred mint

( Dicerandra cornuti ssima ) Endemic to sand pine scrub habitat of Florida. Occurs southwest of Ocala in the Sumter Upland in Marion County along and west of Interstate Highway 75 and formerly in northern Sumter County. The longspurred mint prefers sunny spots with bare sand. The plant is restricted to the margins of scrub vegetation that occurs in patches surrounded by long leaf pine

- turkey oak sandhill vegetation The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sand pine scrub habitat. US FWS. 1987. Recovery Pla n for Three Florida Mints.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/060313d.pdf

Okeechobee gourd

( Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensi s) Lake Okeechobee and the other along the St. Johns River. Limited to areas along the shoreline and a few island s in the lake and along the St. Johns River The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with lakes and rivers. US FWS. 2009. Okeechobee gourd ( Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos. fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2583.pdf

Papery whitlow

wort

( Paronychia chartacea ) Rosemary scrub, or the rosemary phase of sand pine scrub. The fire cycle in rosemary scrub can range from 10 to as long as 100
years The shrub matrix is interspersed wi th open sandy areas that contain a cover of herbs and lichens. These gaps are more persistent in rosemary scrubs than in scrubby flatwoods. Within these scrub communities, papery whitlow

- wort is more abundant in disturbed, sandy habitats such as road right s

of

- way and recently cleared high Pine. In rosemary scrub paper whitlow

- wort can become very abundant after a fire or on disturbed sites such as along fire lanes or trails. The subspecies P. chartace a ssp. minim a occurs in the Florida panhandle in coarse white sand along margins of The proposed uses of dicamba DGA are not expected to overlap with rosemary scrub or sand pine scrub. US FWS. 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf.

### 117 karst lakes (Anderson 1991). It is apparently favored by mild disturbance. It often occurs in nearly pure stands.

Pigeon wings

( Clitoria fragrans ) Range of xeric upland sites. Primarily in sandhill and oak

hickory scrub or oak scrub. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with sandhill or scrub habitats. US FWS. 2008. Pigeon wings ( Clitoria fragrans ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1976.pdf

Pygmy fringe

- tree

( Chionanthus
pygm aeus ) Inhabits excessively drained sandy soils on the Lake Wales Ridge (and historically on the Mount Dora Range) of central Florida. These high ridges are blanketed with soils that are classified as Quartzipsamments. This species is found on the low

nutri ent St. Lucie fine sand which is subject to rapid drying. Chionanthus pygmaeus occurs primarily in scrub as well as high pine, dry hammocks, and transitional habitats. It may form thickets along with evergreen oaks and other shrubs It may be the dominant plant,

co

- dominant plant or subdominant plant. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub and hammocks. US FWS. 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species .pdf

Rugel's pawpaw

( Deeringothamnus rugelii ) Grassy flatlands/mesic/wet flatwoods at Volusia County conservation land. The habitat at this site is dominated by mature longleaf pine and an intact groundcover, which frequently includes wiregrass in abund ance. Open sandy patches that have been controlled under natural situations with fire. Fire is needed to create habitat for this species. Slash pine flatwoods with an understory consisting of grasses and sedges The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expect ed to overlap with flatwoods habitats. US FWS. 2008. Rugel's pawpaw ( Deeringothamnus rugelii ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1990.pdf

Sandlace

( Polygonella myriophylla ) This plant is a member of the Florida scrub plant community. It occurs in dry white

- sand scrub dominated by Florida rosemary, as well as oak scrub, flatwoods, The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub communities US FWS. 2010. Sandlace ( Polygonella myriophylla ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation.

### 118 roadsides, and occasionally sandhills http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3277.pdf

Scrub blazingstar

( Liatris ohlingerae ) Occurs in rosemary scrub or ‘rosemary balds’ as they are also known, is a uniqu e community type within the Florida scrub ecosystem. Rosemary scrub is largely dominated by Florida rosemary ( Ceratiola ericoides ) and has extremely well

- drained, droughty, low

nutrient sandy soils. Rosemary scrub appears as small ‘islands’ separated fro m each other, often by considerable distances. Scrubby flatwoods often surround rosemary scrub, dominated by clonal oaks ( Quercu s spp.). Also colonizes anthropogenic sites within its natural habitat, such as fire lanes and roadsides. Occurrences of scrub blazingstar are generally small, with scattered plants at low densities over large areas. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with rosemary scrub or rosemary balds habitat. US FWS. 2010. Scrub Blazingstar ( Liatris ohlingerae ) 5

- Yea r Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3269.pdf

Scrub buckwheat

( Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium ) Scrub buckwheat occurs in habitats intermediate between scrub and sandhills (high pine) and in turkey oak barrens from Putnam County to Highlands County). The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub and sandhills habitat. US FWS. 2010. Scrub buckwheat ( Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1926.pdf

Scrub lupine

( Lupinus aridorum ) Coastal scrub habitat in two distinct areas: Western Orange County (Orlando area) and North

central Polk County on the Winter Haven Ridge near Auburndale and Winter H aven, on sites that total only about 540

acres. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with coastal scrub habitat. US FWS. 1996. Recovery Plan for Nineteen Florida Scrub and High Pineland Plant Species.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov

er y_plan/960622.pdf

Scrub plum

( Prunus geniculata ) Found in both scrub and high pineland. It should probably be sought in ecotones or scrubby high pineland. (pg. 33) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub and high pineland. US FWS. 1996. Recovery Plan for Nineteen Florida Scrub and High Pineland Plant Species.

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/960622.pdf

### 119 Short

- leaved
rosemary

( Conradina brevifolia ) This plant grows in Florida scrub habitat on white sand substrates among sand pines and oaks. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub habitat. US FWS. 2008. Short

- leaved rosemary ( Conradina brevifolia ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1943.pdf

Small's milkpea

( Galactia smallii ) Pine Rockland habitat. Small’s milkpea prefers open sun and little shade and can be threatened by shading from hardwoods and displacement by invasive exotic species in the absence of periodic fires. Disturbance, such as prescribed fire, is a necessary management tool to maintain suitable habitat for the species The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine rockland habitat. US FWS. 2010. Small’s Milkpea ( Galactia smallii ) 5

- Year Review: Summary an d Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3257.pdf

Snakeroot

( Eryngium cuneifolium ) Open sand gaps in white sand scrub, primarily Florida rosemary scrub ‘balds’, characterized by xeric conditions, relatively sparse vegetation, persisten t gaps, and longer fire

- return intervals than oak (Quercus spp.) and sand pine (Pinus clausa) dominated scrubs (pg. 6); restricted to open areas of well

- drained white sand in Florida rosemary scrub that is very xeric with persistent gaps and longer fire

- re turn intervals than other types of scrub (pg. 11) The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub habitats. US FWS. 2010. Snakeroot ( Eryngium cuneifolium ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review /doc3248.pdf

Telephus spurge

( Euphorbia telephioides ) Xeric to mesic pine flatwoods and in scrubby pinewoods. Occasionally found in wetlands with seepage slope species and in small clumps of wiregrass surrounded by cyprus or pine. The proposed dicamba D GA uses are not expected to overlap with woods or wetlands. US. FWS. 2008. Euphorbia telephioides ( Telephus spurge ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1884.pdf

Tiny polygala

( Polygala smallii ) Occurs in four distinct habitats with similar characteristics: pine rockland, scrub, high pine, and open coastal spoil which are pyrogenic

- extremely dry and prone to periodic natural fire. The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with pine rockland, scrub, high pine, and open coastal spoil. US FWS. 1999. Multi

- Species Recovery Plan for South Florida

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recov ery_plan/sfl_msrp/SFL_MSR P_Species.pdf

White birds

- in

- a

nest

( Macbridea alba ) In general, plants are found in mesic pi ne flatwoods, wet savannas, seepage slopes, and ecotones between pine flatwoods and titi

- swamps. The wettest sites occupied by The proposed dicamba DGA salt uses are not expected to overlap with mesic pine flatwoods, wet US FWS. 2009. Macbridea alba (White b irds

- in

- a

- nest) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

### 120 these plants are grassy seepage bogs on gentle slopes at the edge of forested or shrubby wetlands. White birds

- in

- a

- nest also occ urs in drier sites along longleaf pine and runner oaks, as well as along associated roadsides. savannas and seepage slopes. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc2371.pdf

Wide

- leaf warea

( Warea amplexifolia ) Endemic to the high pine (or sandhill) habitat of Lake Wales Ridge in Lake, Polk, Osceola, and Orange Count y, Fl. This habitat has a relatively high diversity of herbaceous ground cover maintained by patchy summer fires sparked by lightning. It grows well in open, sandy patches and does not tolerate shading by dense shrubs or trees. The proposed dicamba DGA u ses are not expected to overlap with pine habitat. US FWS. 2007. Wide

- leaf

warea

( Warea amplexifolia ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc1096.pdf

Wireweed

( Polygonella basiramia ) It occurs in scrub domi nated by Florida rosemary, sand pine, other pines, and oaks. The plant occurs in openings in the scrub which are maintained by periodic wildfires. Other plants in this habitat include Calamintha ashei

, Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Eryngium cuneifolium, Euphorb ia floridana, Hypericum cumulicola, Lechea cernua, Licania michauxii, Paronychia chartacea, Polanisia tenuifolia, Polygonella polygama, Selagniella arenicola , and Stipulicida setacea The proposed dicamba DGA uses are not expected to overlap with scrub habi tat. US FWS. 2010. Wireweed ( Polygonella basiramia ) 5

- Year Review: Summary and Evaluation

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_ year_review/doc3280.pdf

### 121 

### Appendix 3
Critical Habitat Designations and PCE Descriptions

Summary of 1 4 Listed Species Identified as being on Agricultural Fields with and without Critical Habitat Designations for the 11 States (AZ, CO, DE, FL, MD, NM, NJ, NY, PA, VA, WV) Assessed for D icamba DGA salt

Species Name Primary Constituent Elements (PCE) Source Species with Critical Habitat Designations ( 6 Species) 3 California condor ( Gymnogyps californianus ) PCEs: The following areas of land, water and airspace with spatial bounds described in the critical habitat source documentation: Sespe

- Piru Condor Area, Matilllja Condor Area, Sisquoc

- San Rafael Condor Area, Mountain

- Beartrap Condor Area, Mt. Pinos Condor Area, Blue Ridge Condor Area, Tejon Ranch, Kern County rangelands and Tulare County rangelands. http://ecos.fws.gov/ docs/f ederal_register/fr161.pdf

Gray wolf ( Canis lupis ) PCE: Not specified. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr186.pdf

Indiana bat ( Myotis sodalis) Critical habitat designations are either mines or caves. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr161.pdf Jaguar (Panthera onca) PCEs: Expansive open spaces in the southwestern United States of at least 100 km2 (38.6 mi2) in size which: (1) Provide connectivity to Mexico; (2) Contain adeq uate levels of native prey species, including deer and javelina, as well as medium

- sized prey such as coatis, skunks, raccoons, or jackrabbits; (3) Include surface water sources available within 20 km (12.4 mi) of each other; (4) Contain from greater than 1 to 50 percent canopy cover within Madrean evergreen woodland, generally recognized by a mixture of oak ( Quercus spp.), juniper ( Juniperus spp.), and pine ( Pinus spp.) trees on the landscape, or semidesert grassland vegetation communities, usually charact erized by Pleuraphis mutica (tobosagrass) or Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) along with other grasses; (5) Are characterized by intermediately, moderately, or highly rugged terrain; (6) Are below 2,000 m (6,562 feet) in elevation; and (7) Are characterize d by minimal to no human population density, no major roads, or no stable nighttime lighting over any 1

- km2 (0.4

- mi2) area. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys /pkg/FR

- 2014

- 03

- 05/pdf/2014

- 034 85.pdf

Virginia big

- eared bat ( Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus ) Critical habitat designations are caves. http://ecos.fws.gov/spec ie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A080 #crithab

http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr366.pdf Whooping crane ( Grus americana ) PCE: All areas proposed in this rule wo uld provide food, water, and other nutritional or physiological needs of the http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/f ederal_register/fr237.pdf

3 Critical habitat designation status determined using U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservati on Online System (ECOS) species profiles.

### 122 whooping crane during spring or fall migration. Consumption of some cereal crops in adjacent croplands during migration period. Direct relatable resources to agricultural field po ssibly treated with 2,4

- D choline. Species without critical habitat designations ( 8 species ) Audubon crested caracara ( P olyborus plancus audubonii ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=B06 Q Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel (Sciurus niger ciner eus) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A00 B Eastern indigo snake ( Drymarchon corais couperi ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=C026 #crithab

Florida panther ( Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A008 Lesser prairie

chicken ( Tympanuchus pallidicinctus ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=B0A Z#crithab Ocelot ( Leopardus (Felis) pardalis ) None http:// ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A084 #crithab Red wolf ( Canis rufus ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profil e/speciesPr ofile.action?spcode=A00 F#crithab Sonoran pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana sonoriensis ) None http://ecos.fws.gov/specie sProfile/profile/speciesPr ofile. action?spcode=A009

### 123 

### Summary of Listed Species Identified as being off Agricultural Fields without Critical Habitat 4 

### (19 1 species )

Alamosa springsnail( Tryonia alamosae ) American chaffseed ( Schwalbea americana ) American hart's

- tongue fern ( Asplenium sco lopendrium var. americanum ) Anastasia Island beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus phasma) Apache trout ( Oncorhynchus apache ) Apalachicola rosemary ( Conradina glabra ) 

### Appalachian Monkeyface, Appalachian (pearlymussel) ( Quadrula sparsa ) Arizona Cliff

- rose ( Purshia (=Cowania) subintegra ) Arizona hedgehog cactus ( Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus ) Atlantic salt marsh snake ( Nerodia clarkii taeniata ) Av on Park harebells ( Crotalaria avonensis ) Bachman's warbler (=wood) ( Vermivora bachmanii ) Beach jacquemontii ( Jacquemontia reclinata ) Beautiful pawpaw ( Deeringothamnus pulchellus ) Birdwing pearlymussel ( Lemiox rimosus ) 

### Black

- footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) Blackside dace ( Phoxinus cumberlandensis ) Bluetail mole skink (Eumeces egregius lividus) Bog (=Muhlenberg) turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Brady pincushion cactus ( Pediocactus bradyi ) Britton's beargrass ( Nolina brittoniana ) Brooksville bellflower ( Campanula robinsiae ) California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni) Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) Canby's dropwort ( Oxypolis canbyi ) Canelo Hills ladies'

- tresses ( Spiranthes delitescens ) Carolina northern flying squirrel ( Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus ) Carter's mustard ( Warea carteri ) Chapman rhododendron ( Rhododendron chapmanii ) Cheat Mountain salamander ( Plethodon nettingi ) Chittenango ovate amber sna il ( Succinea chittenangoensis ) Clubshell ( Pleurobema clava ) Cochise pincushion cactus ( Coryphantha robbinsorum ) Colorado hookless cactus ( Sclerocactus glaucus ) Cooley's meadowrue ( Thalictrum cooleyi ) Cooley's water

- willow ( Justicia cooleyi ) Cracking pearlymussel ( Hemistena lata ) Crenulate lead

- plant ( Amorpha crenulata ) Cumberland bean (pearlymussel) ( Villosa trabalis ) Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) ( Quadrula intermedia ) Deltoid spurge ( Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea ) Dromedary pearlymu ssel ( Dromus dromas ) Dudley Bluffs bladderpod ( Lesquerella congesta ) Dudley Bluffs twinpod ( Physaria obcordata ) Duskytail darter ( Etheostoma percnurum ) Dwarf wedgemussel ( Alasmidonta heterodon ) Eastern prairie fringed orchid ( Platanthera leucophaea )

4 Critical habitat designation status determined using U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS) species profiles.

### 124 Etonia rosemary ( Conradina etonia ) Fanshell ( Cyprogenia stegaria ) Finback whale ( Balaenoptera physalus ) Finerayed pigtoe ( Fusconaia cuneolus ) Flat

- spired three

- toothed snail ( Triodopsis platysayoides ) Florida bonamia ( Bonamia grandiflora ) Florida Bon neted bat (Eumops floridanus) Florida golden aster ( Chrysopsis floridana ) Florida grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) Florida perforate cladonia ( Cladonia perforata ) Florida salt marsh vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli) Fl orida scrub

- jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) Florida skullcap ( Scutellaria floridana ) Florida torreya ( Torreya taxifolia ) Florida ziziphus ( Ziziphus celata ) Four

- petal pawpaw ( Asimina tetramera ) Fragrant prickly

- apple ( Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans ) F ringed campion ( Silene polypetala ) Garber's spurge ( Chamaesyce garberi ) Garrett's mint ( Dicerandra christmanii ) Gentian pinkroot ( Spigelia gentianoides ) Gila topminnow (incl. Yaqui)( Poeciliopsis occidentalis ) Gila trout ( Oncorhynchus gilae ) Godfrey's butterwort ( Pinguicula ionantha ) Gray bat ( Myotis grisescens ) Green blossom (pearlymussel)( Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum ) Greenback Cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki stomias ) Harperella ( Ptilimnium nodosum ) Harper's beauty ( Harperocallis flava ) Hay's Spring amphipod ( Stygobromus hayi ) Highlands scrub hypericum ( Hypericum cumulicola ) Holy Ghost ipomopsis ( Ipomopsis sancti

- spiritus ) Houghton's goldenrod ( Solidago houghtonii ) Hualapai Mexican vole (Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis) Humpback wh ale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) James spinymussel ( Pleurobema collina ) Jones cycladenia ( Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii ) Kearney's blue

- star ( Amsonia kearneyana ) Kemp's ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys kempii ) Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) K ey tree cactus ( Pilosocereus robinii ) Kirtland's warbler ( Setophaga kirtlandii ) Knieskern's beaked

- rush ( Rhynchospora knieskernii ) Knowlton's cactus ( Pediocactus knowltonii ) Kuenzler hedgehog cactus ( Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri ) Lakela's mint ( Dicerandra immaculata ) Least tern ( Sterna antillarum ) Lee County cave isopod ( Lirceus usdagalun ) Leedy's Roseroo t ( Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi ) Lee pin cushion cactus ( Coryphantha sneedii var. leei ) Lewton's polygala ( Polygala lewtonii ) Littlewing pearlymussel ( Pegias fabula ) Longspurred mint ( Dicerandra cornutissima )

### 125 Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) Madison Cave isopod ( Antrola na lira ) Mancos milk

- vetch ( Astragalus humillimus ) Masked bobwhite (quail) (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) Mesa Verde cactus ( Sclerocactus mesae

- verdae ) Miami Blue Butterfly (Cyclargus (=Hemiargus) thomasi bethunebakeri) Miccosukee gooseberry ( Ribes ec hinellum ) Michaux's sumac ( Rhus michauxii ) Mitchell's satyr butterfly ( Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii ) Nichol's Turk's head cactus ( Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii ) North Park phacelia ( Phacelia formosula ) Northeastern beach tiger beetle ( Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis ) Northeastern bulrush ( Scirpus ancistrochaetus ) Northern m onkshood ( 

### Aconitum noveboracense ) Northern riffleshell ( Epioblasma torulosa rangiana ) Okaloosa darter ( Etheostoma okaloosae ) Okeechobee gourd ( Cucurbita okeechobeen sis ssp. okeechobeensis ) Osterhout milkvetch ( Astragalus osterhoutii ) Papery whitlow

- wort ( Paronychia chartacea ) Pecos gambusia ( Gambusia nobilis ) Peebles Navajo cactus ( Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus ) Penland alpine fen mustard ( Eutrema p enlandii ) Penland beardtongue ( Penstemon penlandii ) Peter's mountain mallow ( Iliamna corei ) Pigeon wings ( Clitoria fragrans ) Pima pineapple cactus ( Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina ) Pink mucket (pearlymussel) ( Lampsilis abrupta ) Puritan tiger be etle ( Cicindela puritana ) Pygmy fringe

- tree ( Chionanthus pygmaeus ) Rayed bean ( Villosa fabalis ) Red

- cockaded woodpecker ( Picoides borealis ) Roan Mountain bluet ( Hedyotis purpurea var. montana ) Roanoke logperch ( Percina rex ) Rock gnome lichen ( Gymnode rma lineare ) Roseate tern ( Sterna dougallii dougallii ) Rough pigtoe ( Pleurobema plenum ) Rugel's pawpaw ( Deeringothamnus rugelii ) Running buffalo clover ( Trifolium stoloniferum ) Sacramento prickly poppy ( Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta ) Sand sk ink (Neoseps reynoldsi) Sandlace ( Polygonella myriophylla ) Sandplain gerardii ( Agalinis acuta ) Schaus swallowtail butterfly ( Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus ) Scrub blazingstar ( Liatris ohlingerae ) Scrub buckwheat ( Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalif olium ) Scrub lupine ( Lupinus aridorum ) Scrub mint ( Dicerandra frutescens ) Scrub plum ( Prunus geniculata ) Seabeach amaranth ( Amaranthus pumilus ) Sensitive joint

- vetch ( Aeschynomene virginica ) Sentry milk

- vetch ( Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophyla x ) Shale barren rock cress ( Arabis serotina ) Sheepnose mussel ( Plethobasus cyphyus)

### 126 Shenandoah salamander ( Plethodon shenandoah ) Shiny pigtoe ( Fusconaia cor ) Short

- leaved rosemary ( Conradina brevifolia ) Shortnose sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ) Si ler pincushion cactus ( Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri ) Small whorled pogonia ( Isotria medeoloides ) Small

- anthered bittercress ( Cardamine micranthera ) Small's milkpea ( Galactia smallii ) Smalltooth sawfish ( Pristis pectinata ) Smooth coneflow er ( Echinacea laevigata ) Snakeroot ( Eryngium cuneifolium ) Sneed pincushion cactus ( Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii ) Snuffbox mussel ( Epioblasma triquetra ) Socorro isopod ( Thermosphaeroma thermophilus ) Socorro springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis neomexicana ) So nora tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) Southeastern beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) Southern sandshell ( Hamiota (=Lampsilis) australis ) Spectaclecase (mussel) ( Cumberlandia monodonta ) Squirrel Chimney Cave shrimp ( Palaemo netes cumingii ) Stock Island tree snail ( Orthalicus reses ) Swamp pink ( Helonias bullata ) 

### Tan Riffleshell ( Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri )) Telephu s spurge ( Euphorbia telephioides ) Tiny polygala ( Polygala smallii ) Tubercled blossom (pearlymussel) ( Epioblasma torulosa torulosa ) Uncompahgre fritillary butterfly ( Boloria acrocnema ) Ute Ladies'

- Tresses, ( Spiranthes diluvialis ) Virginia fringed mountain snail ( Polygyriscus virginianus ) Virginia round

- leaf birch ( Betula uber ) Virginia sneezeweed ( Helenium virginicum ) Virginia spiraea ( Spiraea virginiana ) White birds

- in

- a

- nest ( Macbridea alba ) Wide

- leaf warea ( Warea amplexifolia ) Wireweed ( Polygonella basiramia ) Wood stork ( Mycteria americana ) Yuma clapper rail (R allus longirostris yumanensis) Zuni fleabane ( Erigeron rhizomatus )



### Summary of Listed Species Identified as being off Agricultural Fields with Critical Habitat 5 

### (1 1 7 species)

Aboriginal prickly

- apple ( Harrisia aboriginum ) Acuna Cactus ( Echinomastus ere ctocentrus var. acunensis ) American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) Arkansas River shiner ( Notropis girardi ) Bartram’s Hairstreak Butterfly (Strymon acis bartrami) Beautiful shiner ( Cyprinella formosa ) Bonytail chub ( Gila elegans )

5 Critical habitat designation status determined using U.S. Fi sh & Wildlife Service’s Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS) species profiles.

### 127 Cape Sable seaside sp arrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) Cape Sable thoroughwort ( Chromolaena frustrata ) Carter's small

- flowered flax ( Linum carteri carteri )

— ( proposed ) Chihuahua chub ( Gila nigrescens ) Chipola slabshell ( Elliptio chipolaensis ) Chiricahua leopard frog ( Rana (=Lithobates) chiricahuensis ) Choctaw bean ( Villosa choctawensis ) Choctawhatchee beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) Chupadera springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis chupaderae ) Clay

- loving wild buckwheat ( Eriogonum pelinophilum ) 

### Colorado Butterfly Plant ( Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis ) Colorado pikeminnow (=squawfish)( Ptychocheilus lucius ) Cumberlandian combshell ( Epioblasma brevidens ) DeBeque phaceli a ( Phacelia submutica ) Desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii) Desert pupfish ( Cyprinodon macularius ) Diamond darter ( Crystallaria cincotta ) Elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmate ) Everglade snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Fat three

- ridge (mussel) ( Amblema neislerii ) Fickeisen Plains cactus ( Pediocactus peeblesianus fickeiseniae ) Florida brickell

- bush ( Brickellia mosieri )

— ( Proposed ) Florida Leafwing Butterfly (Anaea troglodyta floridalis) Florida semaphore cactus ( Consolea corallicola ) Fluted k idneyshell ( Ptychobranchus subtentum ) Frosted flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma cingulatum ) Fuzzy pigtoe ( Pleurobema strodeanum ) Gierisch mallow ( Sphaeralcea gierischii ) Gila chub ( Gila intermedia ) Green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Gulf moccasinshell ( Medionidus penicillatus ) Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi ) Gypsum wild

- buckwheat ( Eriogonum gypsophilum ) Hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata ) Holmgren milk

- vetch ( Astragalus holmgreniorum ) Huachuca water

- umbel ( Lilaeopsis schaffner iana var. recurva ) Humpback chub ( Gila cypha ) Jemez Mountains salamander ( Plethodon neomexicanus ) Johnson's seagrass ( Halophila johnsonii ) Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis)

— (proposed) Karner blue butterfly ( Lycaeides melissa samuelis ) Key Largo cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola)

— (proposed) Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli) Koster's springsnail ( Juturnia kosteri ) Leatherback sea turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ) Lesser long

- nosed bat (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabu enae) Little Colorado spinedace ( Lepidomeda vittata ) Loach minnow ( Tiaroga cobitis ) Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ) Maryland darter ( Etheostoma sellare ) Mexican long

- nosed bat ( Leptonycteris nivalis ) Mexican spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis lu cida ) Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis)

### 128 Narrow pigtoe ( Fusconaia escambia ) Narrow

- headed garter snake ( Thamnophis rufipunctatus )

— ( Proposed ) Navajo sedge ( Carex specuicola ) New Mexican ridge

- nosed rattlesnake ( Crotalus will ardi obscurus ) New Mexico meadow jumping mouse ( Zapus hudsonius luteus )

— ( Proposed ) Noel's amphipod ( Gammarus desperatus ) North Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) Northern Mexican gartersnake ( Thamnophis eques megalops )

— ( Proposed ) Ochlockonee m occasinshell ( Medionidus simpsonianus ) Oval pigtoe ( Pleurobema pyriforme pyriforme ) Ovate clubshell ( Pleurobema perovatum ) Oyster mussel ( Epioblasma capsaeformis ) Pagosa skyrocket ( Ipomopsis polyantha ) Parachute beardtongue ( Penstemon debilis ) Pawnee montane skipper ( Hesperia leonardus montana ) Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) sunflower ( Helianthus paradoxus ) Pecos assiminea snail ( Assiminea pecos ) Pecos bluntnose shiner ( Notropis simus pecosensis ) Perdido Key beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus trissylle psis ) Piping plover ( Charadrius melodus ) Preble's meadow jumping mouse ( Zapus hudsonius preblei ) Purple bankclimber (mussel) ( Elliptoideus sloatianus ) Bean, Pur ple ( Villosa perpurpurea ) Rabbitsfoot ( Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica ) Razorback sucke r( Xyrauchen texanus ) Reticulated flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma bishopi ) Rice rat (Oryzomys palustris natator) Rio Grande silvery minnow ( Hybognathus amarus ) Ros well springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis roswellensis ) Rough rabbitsfoot ( Quadrula cylindrica strigillata ) Round ebonyshell ( Fusconaia rotulata ) Sacramento Mountains thistle ( Cirsium vinaceum ) San Bernardino springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis bernardina ) San Francisco Pea ks ragwort ( Packera franciscana ) Shinyrayed pocketbook ( Lampsilis subangulata ) Slabside pearlymussel ( Pleuronaia dolabelloides ) Slender chub ( Erimystax cahni ) Smalleye shiner ( Notropis buccula ) Sonora chub ( Gila ditaenia ) Southern kidneyshell ( Ptycho branchus jonesi ) Southwestern willow flycatcher ( Empidonax traillii extimus ) Spikedace ( Meda fulgida ) Spotfin chub ( Erimonax monachus ) Spruce

- fir moss spider ( Microhexura montivaga ) St. Andrew beach mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis ) Staghorn coral ( Acropora cervicornis ) Tapered pigtoe ( Fusconaia burkei ) Three Forks Springsnail ( Pyrgulopsis trivialis ) Todsen's pennyroyal ( Hedeoma todsenii ) Virgin River Chub ( Gila seminuda (=robusta )) West Indian manatee ( Trichechus manatus latirostris ) W elsh's milkweed ( Asclepias welshii ) Woundfin ( Plagopterus argentissimus )

### 129 Yaqui catfish ( Ictalurus pricei ) Yaqui chub ( Gila purpurea ) 

### Yellowfin Madtom ( Noturus f lavipinnis ) Zuni bluehead sucker ( Catostomus discobolus yarrowi )

### 130