Inter-American

Foundation 

Fiscal Year 2003

Grants Results

Report

THE INTER-AMERICAN

FOUNDATION

GRANT RESULTS REPORT

FISCAL YEAR 2003

October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003

INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................9

REPORTING RESULTS .......................................................................................................9

THE GRASSROOTS DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ..............................................................9

DATA COLLECTION..........................................................................................................9

MAIN INDICATORS.........................................................................................................10

RESULTS REPORTED FOR FY-03 ....................................................................................11

PART I: IAF NEW GRANTS AND GRANT AMENDMENTS IN FY-03 ....................................14

NEW GRANTS AND GRANT AMENDMENTS .....................................................................14

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS: REDEAMERICA................................................................14

PART II: GRANT RESULTS IN FY-03..................................................................................15

MEASURING TANGIBLE RESULTS: RAISING THE STANDARD OF LIVING ............................15

EDUCATION: ACQUIRING NEW KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS...........................................15

LITERACY ...................................................................................................................15

AGRICULTURAL TRAINING...........................................................................................16

ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING ........................................................................................17

FINANCE TRAINING .....................................................................................................17

HEALTH TRAINING ......................................................................................................18

PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATIVE TRAINING ................................................................18

EDUCATION: APPLYING NEW KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS .............................................19

AGRICULTURE.............................................................................................................19

DEMOCRACY-BUILDING ..............................................................................................19

ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................19

FINANCE.....................................................................................................................20

HEALTH......................................................................................................................20

OTHER AREAS ............................................................................................................21

HEALTH ........................................................................................................................21

NUTRITION AND ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE...............................................................21

ACCESS TO WATER ......................................................................................................22

LATRINES AND SIMILAR FACILITIES.............................................................................25

SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ........................................................................................25

HOUSING ......................................................................................................................23

EMPLOYMENT...............................................................................................................24

PERMANENT AND SEASONAL JOBS CREATED ...............................................................24

JOBS IMPROVED OR SAVED..........................................................................................25

MEASURING GRANTEE ORGANIZATION CAPABILITIES .....................................................26

RESOURCES MOBILIZED..............................................................................................26

RESOURCES BROKERED ..............................................................................................27

REACHING THE POOR BY COOPERATING WITH OTHERS................................................28

PARTNERING AS A STRATEGY TO HELP THE POOR........................................................29

DIVERSITY IN LOAN PROGRAMS .................................................................................30

NEW APPROACHES......................................................................................................30

STAKEHOLDERS' ACCESS TO INFORMATION..................................................................31

DISSEMINATION ..........................................................................................................32
MEASURING INTANGIBLE RESULTS: INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES .....................................33

COMMUNICATION...........................................................................................................33

PROBLEM-SOLVING........................................................................................................33

SELF-ESTEEM ................................................................................................................33

CULTURAL IDENTITY......................................................................................................34

GRANTEE AND BENEFICIARY INNOVATION ......................................................................34

PART III: PROFILES OF PROJECTS ENDING IN FY-03 .......................................................37

ARGENTINA

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SUPPORTING SMALL ENTREPRENEURS.........................37

BOLIVIA

INCREASING INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT .................38

BRAZIL

CONSOLIDATING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR THE AMAZON .....................................40

CARIBBEAN REGION

ASSISTING LOCAL FARMERS ON THE HAITI-DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BORDER ........................42

COLOMBIA

EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR POOR WOMEN ..................................................................43

ECUADOR

TRAINING COMMUNITY LEADERS THROUGH DEVELOPMENT-CENTERED EDUCATION.............45

EL SALVADOR

FACILITATING SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING...........................47

GUATEMALA

SUSTAINABLE HEALTH STRATEGIES IN INDIGENOUS GUATEMALA .........................................49

HONDURAS

BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ....................................51

MEXICO

IMPROVING NUTRITION, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ...........53

NICARAGUA

DEVELOPING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS AFTER HURRICANE MITCH ..................55

PANAMA

CONNECTING FARMERS AND ARTISANS TO AN EXPANDING ECONOMY ..................................57

PERU

STRENGTHENING THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY ......................................................................59
List of Tables

Table 1: FY-03 grants and amendments by program area as a percentage of funding..........

Table 2: FY-03 grants by country (excluding RedEAmerica)...............................................

Table 3: FY-03 RedEAmerica cooperative agreement grants................................................

Table 4: Beneficiaries acquiring planning and administrative skills in FY-03...................... 

Table 5: Beneficiaries reporting application of new knowledge or skills in FY-03..............

Table 6: Beneficiaries of health-related activities .................................................................

Table 7: Individuals benefiting from health-related activities in FY-03................................ 

Table 8: New and renovated housing units in FY-03.............................................................

Table 9: Installation of electrical power and sewer to homes in FY-03.................................

Table 10: Permanent and seasonal full- and part-time positions created................................

Table 11: Permanent jobs saved and improved, .....................................................................

Table 12: Resources mobilized in cash and in kind by source ............................................. 

Table 13: Resources brokered in cash and in kind by source in FY-03 .................................

Table 14: Partnerships to date ...............................................................................................

Table 15: Loans by category, number and average amount in FY-03.....................................

List of Figures

Figure 1: Quality of beneficiary living conditions due to grant activites, FY-01 to FY-03 ...

Figure 2: Beneficiaries by type of knowledge/skills acquired................................................

Figure 3: Beneficiaries by type of knowledge/skills applied .................................................

Figure 4: Resource mobilized by source and fiscal year .......................................................

Figure 5: Resources mobilization distribution FY-01 to FY-03............................................. 

Figure 6: Brokered resource distribution FY-01 to FY 03 .....................................................

Figure 7: IAF grantee's partner distribution, FY-03 ...............................................................

14

14

15

19

20

23

23

25

25

26

26

28

30

31

31

16

17

21

27

28

29

32
Appendix: Selected Additional Tables

A1 - Beneficiaries reporting better living conditions in FY-03

A2 - Beneficiaries whose diet improved in FY-03

A3 - Beneficiaries receiving medical attention in FY-03

A4a - Beneficiaries acquiring agricultural skills in FY-03

A4b - Beneficiaries applying new agricultural skills in FY-03

A5a - Beneficiaries acquiring manufacturing skills in FY-03

A5b - Beneficiaries applying new manufacturing skills in FY-03

A6a - Beneficiaries acquiring construction skills in FY-03

A6b - Beneficiaries applying new construction skills in FY-03

A7a - Beneficiaries acquiring environmental knowledge/skills in FY-03

A7b - Beneficiaries applying new environmental knowledge/skills in FY-03

A8a - Beneficiaries acquiring planning/administrative skills in FY-03

A8b - Beneficiaries applying new planning/administrative skills in FY-03

A9a - Beneficiaries acquiring marketing skills in FY-03

A9b - Beneficiaries applying new marketing skills in FY-03

A10a - Beneficiaries acquiring leadership skills in FY-03

A10b - Beneficiaries applying new leadership skills in FY-03

A11a - Beneficiaries acquiring skills related to civic participation in FY-03

A11b - Beneficiaries applying new skills related to civic participation in FY-03

A12a - Beneficiaries acquiring knowledge of the legal system in FY-03

A12b - Beneficiaries applying new knowledge of the legal system in FY-03

A13a - Beneficiaries acquiring financial knowledge/skills in FY-03

A13b - Beneficiaries applying new financial knowledge/skills in FY-03
9

Introduction

The Inter-American Foundation (IAF) is an independent agency of the United States government,

established under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969.

Its mission is to promote sustainable grassroots

development throughout Latin America and the

Caribbean. Unlike other official foreign assistance

agencies, the IAF neither channels its resources

through governments nor designs programs or projects. Instead, the IAF awards grants directly to grassroots and community-based organizations to help

them implement their own creative ideas for development and poverty reduction. 

Projects are selected for funding based on their

potential to become self-sustaining and to generate

concrete results that improve poor people’s lives.

Since beginning operations in 1972, the IAF has

made 4,464 grants for more than $557 million.

Among the efforts supported have been agricultural

cooperatives, small urban enterprises and intermediary organizations that provide grassroots groups with

credit, technical assistance, training and marketing

assistance. In FY-03, the largest portion of IAF’s

funding was invested in business development ($5.6

million), followed by food production and agriculture

($3.0 million), education ($2.8 million), corporate

social investment ($2.0 million), community services

($1.3 million) and eco-development ($600,000). 

Reporting Results

The IAF strives to provide specific evidence of success by systematically tracking the results of its projects. As an experimental development institution, the

IAF is deeply committed to learning from the projects it sponsors. Careful documentation of results is,

therefore, of paramount importance. 

Documenting the tangible results of grassroots funding, however, has not been easy. Anticipated outcomes of grassroots projects occur over time and

many appear well after grants have expired.

Additional challenges stem from grantees’ diversity,

the amount and duration of the grants awarded, type

of beneficiaries, and also from a broad array of project goals, activities and locations. Heterogeneity of

cultures, languages and political contexts adds complexity to attempts to standardize criteria and, subsequently, generalize from findings across Latin

America and the Caribbean.

The Grassroots Development Framework

To meet these challenges, the IAF designed and

developed the Grassroots Development Framework

(GDF), a practical tool consisting of a menu of 40

indicators used to collect and assess results data. The

GDF measures the directly observable, tangible

results of the projects as well as the subtler intangible

effects and levels of impact on the individuals

involved, the group and the community. Tangible

results are palpable, but intangible results, such as the

assumption of leadership roles or heightened selfconfidence, are no less vital factors that influence

current and future development initiatives. 

Tracking these indicators over time allows subsequent analysis of project results and documents the

IAF’s work for reporting to agencies to which the

IAF is accountable. Knowledge of the indicators also

helps the grantees stay focused on their goals; information on these indicators provides feedback to them

and to Foundation staff. We also hope it can provide

lessons that individuals, groups and communities

may apply in their processes of organizing and associating in the future for their own improvement.

Data Collection

The data presented in this report are collected by the

grantees as part of their respective grant agreements

with the IAF. Grantees forward their project results to

the IAF every six months during the life of their project. A cadre of in-country data verifiers contracted by

the IAF then corroborates the results submitted and

forwards the validated data to the IAF along with

comments on whatever facilitated or impeded

achievement of objectives.

The current group of IAF data verifiers has been visiting grantees and their beneficiaries for the past

three years. In addition, data verifiers participate with

IAF Evaluation Office staff in an annual conference

where they review data collection techniques and

concepts and discuss problems encountered in the

field. Their on-site experience with grantees and their
participation at the conference, help them hone their

skills, resulting in more accurate reporting. 

Main Indicators

In FY-03, the IAF tracked eight indicators related to

the IAF’s Strategic Plan:

Acquisition of knowledge and/or skills

One of the IAF’s goals of is to support self-help

efforts designed to increase opportunities for individual development. Consequently, most IAF-funded

projects have a training component to increase the

capabilities and skills of individuals and families. In

FY-03, the number of individuals registered in

grantee sponsored courses, workshops and seminars

exceeded 38,000 in finance, 32,000 in agriculture and

environment-related topics, 18,000 in business

administration and 16,000 in health issues. In FY-02,

agricultural topics were the most heavily attended

workshops and seminars.

Jobs

Training provides IAF grant beneficiaries with

knowledge and skills that allow them to fare better in

the job market and be more effective in their daily

activities, whether these are in the agricultural, manufacturing or service sector. 

Satisfaction of basic needs

Probably one of the most important factors in

improving the standard of living is gainful employment or, at least, the proper conditions for people to

start businesses. In FY-03, IAF grantees helped create

close to 3,200 permanent full-time positions and

more than 1,200 part-time jobs. In addition, as a

result of grant activities, 13,000 jobs were saved that

otherwise would have been lost. 

Many IAF grant beneficiaries lead better lives as a

result of grant activities. Creating job opportunities

for the poor is a way to improve their standard of living, but not all improvements are economic. IAF

beneficiaries’ standard of living has risen as a result

of improvements in health care, nutrition, housing

conditions and education. Close to 23,000 beneficiaries received medical attention during FY-03. Roughly

26,000 beneficiaries improved their diet, and hence

their health. Many were farmers who through technical assistance and farming practice workshops sponsored by IAF grantees, have been able to increase

their crop production, which, generally, translates

into more income and more food consumed by family members. Thus, a link is established among several grant activities through results measurable by the

indicators. Training, for example, can increase production, which raises income and helps a family with

basic needs.

Resource mobilization and resource brokering

Resource mobilization and resource brokering have

also played a pivotal role in the sustainability of

grantee organizations and activities after the termination of IAF financial support. In FY-03, grantees

were able to leverage $11.6 million from international and domestic private and public organizations, an

increase of 30 percent over FY-03. The amount of

resources leveraged is proof of the IAF’s ability to

select projects that broaden the scope and strengthen

the capacity of grantee organizations. Resource mobilization and resource brokering are two important

indicators used to measure the ever-wider participation of people and organizations in the development

process. 

Rebecca Janes

10
11

donors and policy-makers through publications, conferences, public appearances, working groups and

international fora. IAF grantees supported such

efforts through speeches and presentations, radio and

television interviews, pamphlets and brochures,

newspaper and magazine articles, press releases,

books, videos, movies and CD-ROMs.

Results Reported for FY-03

Continued advances and substantial diversity in

grassroots development characterized the InterAmerican Foundation’s active grants in fiscal 2003.

Projects in the IAF’s portfolio span the hemisphere

from the U.S.-Mexican border to Patagonia in southern Argentina. The array of organizations supported

runs the gamut from small grassroots groups in

Guatemala to large nongovernmental organizations in

Brazil. Projects supported range from motivating

children in Argentina to read to building houses in

Brazil to lowering remittance transfer costs for rural

communities in areas of high migration in Mexico.

Cooperation and partnerships 

Closely linked are the indicators that measure cooperation and partnerships. The IAF supports programs

that catalyze partnerships involving NGOs, municipal

governments and the private sector. Partner organizations, whether public or private, domestic or foreign,

contribute resources and expertise toward strengthening grantee organizations and programs, and helping

the poor improve their conditions. In FY-03, IAF

grantees partnered with more than 1,000 organizations and enjoyed the cooperation of 1,900 others,

mainly government agencies at the national and local

level. Many of these organizations contributed cash

or in-kind assistance; others were active in planning

and implementing grant-funded activities. 

Dissemination

Finally, it is IAF’s intent to further a deeper understanding of the problems and potential of Latin

America and the Caribbean by disseminating the

results of its funding to development practitioners,

Rebecca Janes
12

As reported here, the results of the IAF’s program

of grassroots development reflect the Office of

Evaluation’s best efforts to assure an assessment of

the IAF’s effectiveness based on a broad spectrum

of reliable data. In this connection, we are pleased

to note that in FY-03, 226 grantee organizations

reported project results, representing 97 percent of

active IAF grants versus 228 organizations, or 92

percent, in FY-02; 210 in FY-01 and 144 in FY-00.

Cumulatively, the most current data reveal the following: 

* More than 26,000 beneficiaries improved their

diet, and hence their health.

* Nearly 23,000 beneficiaries received medical

attention.

* Close to 3,000 individuals benefited from

access to clean water. 

* More than 123,000 individuals benefited from

trash removal operations.

* IAF grantees in nine countries helped their

beneficiaries build or expand their own homes.

A total of 138 new houses were built and 871

were improved.

* Registration in courses, workshops and seminars exceeded 38,000 individuals in finance

including loan management; approximately

32,000 in agriculture and environmental related

topics; 18,000 in planning and administration;

and 16,000 in health issues, such prenatal care

and disease prevention.

* IAF-funded grant activities created more than

3,200 full-time permanent positions and 1,200

part-time positions.

* Grant activities also generated 5,500 full-time

seasonal jobs and 4,300 part-time seasonal

positions.

* More than 27,000 individuals benefited from

innovative practices.

* More than 1,900 organizations voluntarily

cooperated with IAF grantees.

* Of the 1,000 organizations in partnerships with

IAF grantees; 340 became partners in FY-03.

* Grantees leveraged $11.6 million for project

activities: $7.8 million in cash and $3.8 million

in kind.

* International nonprofit organizations donated

$1.5 million in cash to IAF grantees. Mercy

Corps and the Hewlett Packard Foundation led

the way.

* Central government agencies contributed 30

percent of total resources mobilized. 

* IAF grantees extended close to 139,000 loans

averaging $270 each. Agricultural loans averaged $1,022. Loans for business development

represented 55 percent of all loans and averaged $385 each.

* The largest loan, for $17,000, helped start a

revolving credit fund in Colombia.

* Mexican grantees extended 88 percent of all

loans funded in FY-03.

* Grantees disseminated project approaches,

practices and/or techniques in 15 of the 17

countries where IAF funds activities.
13

What is grassroots development? 

The Inter-American Foundation uses the term “grassroots development” to describe the process by which

disadvantaged people organize themselves to improve social, cultural and economic conditions. The concept assumes that the key to sustainable democracies, equitable societies and prosperous economies is a

people-oriented strategy stressing participation, organizational development and networking to build the

social capital needed to complement human and physical assets.

What is the Grassroots Development Framework?

The Inter-American Foundation created the

Grassroots Development Framework (GDF) to

measure the results and impact of projects the

Foundation supports. Results can inform decisions, signal challenges, confirm achievements

and indicate topics for further research. The

GDF was created by applying what had been

learned from more than 4,000 projects

financed by the Foundation. 

The GDF is useful to both the grantee and the

donor. It provides the means to establish project objectives and report achievements,

strengths and deficiencies. The GDF is a tool

to measure the impact and the results of a project. Since the pilot testing and application of the GDF in

various countries in the region, several development assistance institutions have, in consultation with the

Inter-American Foundation, adapted the GDF to their own activities.

How does it work? 

The premise of the GDF is that grassroots development produces results at three levels, and important tangible and intangible results should be taken into account. In business, profits are the bottom line. In grassroots development, a project must generate material improvements in the quality of life of the poor.

Because poverty entails not only lack of income but also lack of access to a range of basic services (including education, healthcare, shelter and others), as well as insufficient opportunity for active civic participation, the GDF draws these indicators into a single tool. 

A development project is a special kind of investment that should produce tangible and intangible benefits,

and the GDF seeks to measure and document both. The Foundation’s experience has demonstrated that

each project can plant a seed for change and that grassroots development produces results not only for individuals but also for organizations and society. Therefore, the cone shape of the GDF portrays the potential

dimensions of the impact of grassroots development, progressing from individuals and families, to organizations, to the community or society at large—the three levels of the GDF. 
Table 2: FY-03 grants by country 

(excluding RedEAmerica)

 

Number 

of 

Country Grants 

Percentage 

of Funding 

Bolivia 4 6 

Brazil 8 8 

Dominican 

Republic 

2 2 

Ecuador 1 2 

El Salvador 4 9 

Guatemala 5 7 

Honduras 1 2 

Jamaica 1 3 

Mexico 5 14 

Nicaragua 6 13 

Panama 3 4 

Peru 4 6 

Trinidad & 

Tobago 

1 1 

Uruguay 1 2 

Venezuela 4 7 

Regional grant 2 2 

 Total 52 88 

In FY-03, the IAF awarded grants to NGOs and base

groups and funded cooperative agreements with corporate foundations supporting grassroots development. Grants to NGOs and base groups continued to

be the backbone of the IAF's program. Cooperative

agreements with corporate foundations are a new

component initiated during FY-03.

New Grants and Grant Amendments 

New grants and grant amendments to NGOs and base

groups cover seven basic program areas:

agriculture/food production, business development,

education/training, community services, ecodevelopment, cultural expression, research and dissemination. The IAF awarded 83 grants and amendments

(see Table 1).

Grants to organizations in the various countries were

usually concentrated in one or two program areas. In

Mexico, grants funded projects in business development/management and in agriculture; in Venezuela,

the awards supported projects in business development/management and education. The portfolio for

Peru displayed the most diversity with awards in all

program areas except cultural expression. Brazil's

grants were dispersed among all areas except community services and cultural expression. 

In FY-03, 15 countries received new grants: Bolivia,

Brazil, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,

Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,

Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and

Venezuela. Of the 52 new grants, Brazil led with

eight, followed by Nicaragua with six, and Mexico

and Guatemala with five each. New grants represented 88 percent of the budget; the remainder funded 31

amendments. 

Cooperative Agreements: RedEAmerica

In addition to its traditional program of grants to

NGOs and grassroots groups, the IAF works

with the Inter-American Network of Corporate

Foundations and Actions for Grassroots

Development (RedEAmerica), a private-sector

strategy to promote grassroots development

throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

Founded in Miami in 2002, the network grew

from 27 to 35 corporate foundations by the end

of FY-03. Through 12 bilateral, three-year cooperative agreements financed equally by the IAF

and the respective corporate foundation,

RedEAmerica has channeled small grants or

Table 1: FY-03 grants and amendments by program area 

as a percentage of funding 

 

Program areas 

Number 

of Grants 

Percentage 

of Funding 

Business 

development/management 23 40 

Agriculture/food production 25 21 

Education/training 18 20 

Community servic es 7 10 

Ecodevelopment 4 5 

Cultural expression 3 3 

Research & dissemination 3 1 

Total 83 100 

Part I: IAF New Grants and Grant Amendments 

14
loans to a broad range of community-based organizations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,

Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. New grants represented

86 percent of the cooperative agreement budget,

with the remainder distributed over four amendments. Colombia had the most new grants with

three, representing 31 percent of total funding, followed by Argentina's two grants, representing 23

percent of funding (see Table 3).

15

Table 3: FY-03 RedEAmerica 

cooperative agreement grants 

Country Number 

of Grants 

Percentage 

of Funding 

Argentina 2 23 

Chile 1 4 

Colombia 3 31 

Ecuador 2 10 

Mexico 2 6 

Peru 1 6 

Uruguay 1 6 

Total 12 86 

Miguel Cuevas
16

This is the IAF’s fifth report in response to

the Government Performance Results Act

of 1993, requiring all federal agencies to

document and report results of strategic

plans and performance goals for the fiscal

year. It summarizes the results of grants

active in FY-03. This report follows the

structure of the Grassroots Development

Framework, which measures results at the

levels of the individual and family, the

organization and society at large. In FY03, 226 of the 234 grantees submitted

reports, or 97 percent of all organizations

with active grants. Each grantee report on

pre-selected indicators was verified by an independent in-country professional. 

Data for FY-03 show IAF grants had a positive

effect on the quality of life of the poor in Latin

America and the Caribbean through education,

improved health, better housing conditions and

increased job opportunities. Asked if their quality

of life had improved, stayed the same or worsened

as a result of grant activities, 91 percent of the beneficiaries of IAF-supported projects reported that

they were better off (see Figure 1). 

Measuring Tangible Results: Raising the

Standard of Living 

Education: Acquiring New Knowledge and Skills

Literacy 

As a result of IAF grants, more than 700 individuals learned basic reading and writing skills.

Grantees in Haiti led in literacy training, followed

by grantees in Guatemala and El Salvador. In Haiti,

Pwogram Fomasyon pou Organizasyon Dykano

(HA-184) mobilized resources from the business

sector to support literacy centers for adults. Besides

literacy training to adults with little or no prior

schooling in three low-income Port-au-Prince

neighborhoods, other grantees provided remedial

reading, writing and math education. Fundación Leer

(AR-330), whose program focuses on the literacy and

leadership skills of children and youth, provided

books to take home, which helped 16,000 children in

Patagonia improve their reading skills. Instituto

Qualidade na Escola (BR-775) in Brazil assisted

3,000 low-income children with basic math, writing

and reading skills. In Venezuela, Equipo de

Formación, Información y Publicaciones (VZ-182)

and Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales (VZ168) reinforced the reading skills of almost 200

young people.

IAF grantees carried out training activities in a

plethora of other areas and topics; finance predominated followed by agriculture, environment-related

topics and planning/administration. Methods included

on-the-job training, courses and workshops lasting

one to several days. Grantees also provided complementary technical assistance as reinforcement. As

FY-02, women outnumbered men in most of the

training offered (see Figure 2).

Agricultural Training

Peru, Nicaragua, Honduras and Mexico registered, in

that order, the greatest enrollment in agricultural

training.1 In Peru, 17 of 23 grantees offered training

in agriculture. Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo

Regional (CEDER) (PU-481) trained farmers in the

Part II: Grant Results Obtained in FY 2003

1 Participation figures are based on enrollment. During the fiscal year, an individual could enroll in more than one course or workshop. Participants could be fewer

than reflected if the same individuals enrolled in multiple activities.
17

district of Puquina, Arequipa, in production of

organic fertilizers, post-harvest methods and animal

husbandry, especially cattle breeding through artificial insemination. CEDER’s training benefited

1,500 individuals. Centro Ecuménico de Promoción

y Acción Social (CEDEPAS) (PU-505) trained 500

farmers in the application of fertilizers and control

of insects and crop diseases. Asociación

Especializada para el Desarrollo Sostenible

(AEDES) (PU-507) offered more than a dozen of

workshops to 700 amaranth and quinoa growers of

the Cotahuasi River Basin near Arequipa.

In Nicaragua, half of the grantees provided training

in agricultural related topics in FY-03. Movimiento

por la Paz, Acción Forestal y Medio Ambiente

(NC-247), for example, trained more than 1,200

farmers in sustainable development, natural

resource conservation and the care and management of livestock. The grantee used a combination

of workshops and follow-up visits to train beneficiaries in the rural areas adjacent to Managua, the

capital. Another, Nicaraguan grantee, Cooperativa

de Servicios Múltiples San Isidro (COOPECAFE)

(NC-250) offered 200 growers eight workshops on

norms and procedures for organic coffee production. COOPECAFE is setting up a cooperativelyowned processing plant to allow small coffee growers to process their own harvest using an off-grid,

stand-alone, solar/biomass-powered coffee drying

system.

In Honduras, Fundación Cayos Cochinos (HO-228)

trained 1,100 villagers, many of them fishermen, in

agricultural techniques related to production of

palm trees and vegetable gardening. The rationale

provides the fishermen with alternative incomes

during hard time for the fishing industry. Similarly,

the Centro Independiente para el Desarrollo de

Honduras (CIDH) (HO-231) with the support of

agronomists from the Instituto de Formación

Profesional, trained 860 participants from Trujillo,

Rebecca Janes
18

Iriona, Santa Rosa de Aguán, Limón and Santa Fé,

towns on the Caribbean coast, in agricultural techniques associated with vegetable and banana tree

growing.

In Mexico, Milpas de Oaxaca (ME-428) trained

more than 600 farmers in reforestation, soil conservation and organic horticulture production.

Pronatura Chiapas (ME-448) trained more than

900 farmers in soil conservation, horticultural production, aquaculture, livestock production, forestry

management and reforestation. Indeed, 17 additional Mexican grantees provided agricultural training

in FY-03.

Environmental Training

IAF grantees trained 9,500 individuals in environment-related topics in Mexico, more than in any

other country in FY-03. Two IAF grantees, Acción

Comunitaria del Bajío (ME-433) and Niños y Crías

(ME-449) accounted for 87 percent of all persons

trained and both targeted school children. In FY

2003, 1,800 trees were planted by the students and

their parents under the “Adopt-a-Tree” program,

where Acción Comunitaria del Bajío provided

training on proper tree maintenance. The grantee

also offered ecology training to 500 students.

Overall, Acción Comunitaria del Bajío trained

4,200 persons in FY-03. Niños y Crías trained

4,050 elementary and secondary school students in

environmental health, specifically, trash disposal.

The project encourages natural resource protection,

promoting sustainable economic development and

improving the quality of life within protected areas

of theYucatan peninsula. Project activities resulted

in improved trash collection in four communities

and the commencement of trash pick up in three

others.

Finance Training

Women benefited the most from finance training,

especially in Mexico. This is due to their high participation in grants with a loan component.

Desarrolladora de Emprendedores (ME-438), for

example trained 31,400 members in FY-03, 89 percent women. The grantee is developing a tier of village banks to provide loans for productive purposes to communal banks comprised of low-income

beneficiaries who would not otherwise have access

to commercial credit. A requirement for receiving a

loan is participation in a credit management program. 

In Guatemala, Coordinadora de Asociaciones de

Desarrollo Integral del Suroccidente de Guatemala

(GT-266) established a loan fund for low-income

indigenous women. As part of the program, the

grantee trained borrowers in the skills necessary to

improve their agricultural and marketing production, as well as in financial management. In FY-03,

close to 400 women were trained. 

Health Training

Grantees from three countries accounted for 83

percent of all participants receiving health training.

Grantees from Guatemala trained more than 9,000

individuals, followed by grantees from Mexico

with more than 2,400 individuals and Honduras

with close to 1,700. In Guatemala, for example, six

grantees provided health-related courses and seminars and visited homes. Most trainees were beneficiaries of Asociación de Salud y Desarrollo Rxiin

Tnamet (GT-252). Courses included training geared

to pregnant women and mothers of children under

five; men received training on preventing sexually

transmitted diseases. In the municipality of

Santiago Atitlán, the grantee trained 6,600 beneficiaries, 84 percent of whom were women. Another

Sean Sprague
19

Guatemalan grantee, Fundación para el Desarrollo

Educativo Social y Económico (GT-260) offered

health training to 1,100 individuals; 610 health

educators (520 men and 90 women) received training in preventing diarrhea, rabies and dengue

fever; more than 400 midwives learned pre- and

post-natal care.

Planning and Administrative Training

IAF grantees also provided courses, workshops and

on-the-job assistance in planning and administrative techniques to community members involved in

local development plans, small-business owners

and others. Overall, genders were evenly represented in the training activities, but there were wide

variations among the countries. For example, twothirds or more of the trainees in Colombia and

Guatemala were women, while in the Dominican

Republic women accounted for less than onefourth of all trainees. Table 4 shows the distribution by country and gender.

Close to 3,000 Mexicans received training in planning and administrative techniques in FY-03. The

grantee Acción Ciudadana para la Educación, la

Democracia y el Desarrollo (ACCEDDE) (ME407) had a total enrollment of nearly 900 beneficiaries in planning and administrative training activities. ACCEDDE supports socio-political development by strengthening institutions and offering

training to civic associations and community

groups. Fifty-seven members of two civic associations, CAMPO in Oaxaca and FECHAC in

Chihuahua, participated in training in social enterprise assessment and planning. ACCEDDE organized strategic planning workshops and assisted 500

community members of 30 community organizations during their constituent assemblies in

Pihuamo, Tuxpan, La Manzanilla de la Paz,

Quitupan, Mazamitla, San Martín de Hidalgo,

Cocula, Ixtlahuacán del Río and Cuquío. 

In El Salvador, 15 of the 22 grantees offered training in planning and administration. The Asociación

para la Organización y Educación Empresarial

Femenina (ES-196) trained almost 700 individuals

in managing community resources. In Bolivia,

Oficina del Artesano Micro y Pequeño Empresario

(OFAMI) (BO-481) offered 44 small-business management courses to nine consortia of shop owners.

Enrollment in all 44 courses totaled 430. 

Education: Applying New

Knowledge and Skills

The number of beneficiaries

applying acquired knowledge

and/or skills is a barometer of

grantee success in training and

technical assistance. The data

presented in this section are

cumulative and reflect the application of new knowledge and/or

skills acquired through IAF-funded activities since the inception

of each grant. 

Agriculture

In Omate and Puquina, in southern Peru, close to 1,300 beneficiaries of the Centro de Estudios

para el Desarrollo Regional

Table 4: Beneficiaries acquiring planning and administrative 

skills in FY-03

Country Men % Women % Total

Argentina 350 51% 340 49% 690

Bolivia 920 54% 770 46% 1,690

Brazil 300 33% 620 67% 920 

Colombia 140 29% 350 71% 490 

Costa Rica 110 58% 80 42% 190 

Dominican Republic 50 71% 20 29% 70 

Ecuador 940 41% 1,370 59% 2,310 

El Salvador 1,240 53% 1,110 47% 2,350 

Guatemala 410 34% 790 66% 1,200 

Haiti 110 52% 100 48% 210 

Honduras 930 44% 1,160 56% 2,090 

Mexico 1,880 63% 1,100 37% 2,980 

Nicaragua 100 56% 80 44% 180 

Panama 500 54% 420 46% 920 

Peru 1,050 62% 640 38% 1,690 

Venezuela 40 33% 80 67% 120 

 

Total 9,070 50% 9,030 50% 18,100 
20

(CEDER) (PU-481) applied agricultural techniques in various activities including growing

fodder, raising animals and preparing crops for

market or further processing. As a result, farmers improved the quality of their products and

obtained higher prices. The price of avocados,

for example, rose from $0.32 to $0.50 per kilogram. In Piura, the Asociación para la

Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER)

(PU-499) has been introducing farmers to new

techniques to improve pig- and sheep-breeding,

harvest forest products and grow vegetables

using hydroponic methods. In FY-03, 540 beneficiaries applied to their farming practices what

they had learned or had observed in demonstration gardens. In the case of the pig breeders, for

example, their sows produced nine litters for a

total of 44 piglets. 

The Fundación Campo (ES-187) in El Salvador

reported that 1,600 beneficiaries had applied soil

conservation and crop diversification techniques

during planting season. Similarly, 640 beneficiaries

of the Comunidades Unidas de Usulután (COMUS)

(ES-182) continued applying growing techniques to

their vegetable gardens as well as organic production methods to their cash crops. Techniques currently used by COMUS’s beneficiaries were

acquired in 2001, demonstrating the effectiveness

of the training. 

Democracy-Building

Table 5 shows areas of application of new leadership skills and knowledge of the legal system and

civic participation, all basic to building democracy.

In Panama, for example, 230 beneficiaries of the

Instituto Panameño de Desarrollo Municipal (IPADEM) (PN-259) conducted participative community needs assessments for formulating community

development plans.

In Guatemala, approximately 550 beneficiaries of

Fundación Para El Desarrollo Educativo Social y

Económico (FUNDADESE) (GT-260) are participating in ongoing dialogues between municipal

authorities and community organization members

on topics such as human rights, health, housing, local

infrastructure, tourism and the environment. 

In Brazil, the Centro de Articulação de Populações

Marginalizadas (CEAP) (BR-795) is promoting

development of grassroots networks of community

organizations to multiply the community development impact of base groups in favelas in Rio de

Janeiro. The effort is succeeding as every year the

number of participants is increasing. In FY-03, 390

beneficiaries actively participated in their respective organization’s activities, compared to 20 individuals the previous year. 

In Costa Rica, the Fundación Localidades

Encargadas de la Administración del Desarrollo

(Fundación LEAD) (CR-326) reported more than

500 individuals applying their new knowledge of

the legal system to environment-related problems

and maritime issues.

Table 5: Beneficiaries reporting application of 

new knowledge or skills in FY -03

Men Women Total

Agriculture 63% 38% 35,700

Civic participation 50% 49% 10,300

Construction 60% 39% 5,800

Environmental 47% 53% 76,100

Finance 23% 77% 51,600 

Health 34% 66% 16,900 

Leadership 51% 49% 14,700 

Legal system 52% 48% 4,000 

Manufacturing 24% 76% 7,750 

Marketing 52% 48% 10,420 

Planning & 

administration 42% 58% 31,800 

Political system 38% 62% 4,170 

Sean Sprague
21

Environment

Figure 3 compares the numbers of men and women

who applied knowledge and/or skills in various

fields. More than 76,000 individuals applied their

environmental problem-solving training to addressing pollution and soil erosion. In the Dominican

Republic, the Sociedad Ecológica del Cibao

(SOECI) (DR-310) is repairing environmental

degradation, thanks to educational activities related

to sanitation in urban areas and soil conservation in

rural areas. Waste collection and sanitation techniques applied by 42,000 residents keep the stream

that runs through their community clean. 

Other projects dealt with recycling. In Suchitoto,

El Salvador, 3,220 residents, applying what they

learned in trash recycling workshops offered by the

Centro Salvadoreño de Tecnología Apropiada (ES178) are separating organic and inorganic waste.

The organic waste is processed into compost and

sold to farmers. In Ecuador, 3,900 individuals

trained by the Corporación de Estudios RegionalesGuayaquil (EC-379) applied their recycling knowledge to separating organic and inorganic waste. In

Mexico, the Fundación Comunitaria del Bajío

(ME-433) reported close to 2,500 individuals

applying their environmental related knowledge;

specifically, children and their parents, who are taking care of 1,800 “adopted” trees as part of a program to help improve the community environment.

Finance

Individuals reporting that they had applied financial

knowledge and/or skills more than doubled from

FY-02 to FY-03. In FY-02, the number of individuals applying new skills to manage their loans hovered around 22,000; one year later, the number surpassed 50,000. More than three-fourths of the borrowers are Mexican beneficiaries of

Desarrolladora de Emprendedores (ME-438). 

Mancomunidad Héroes de la Independencia (BO474) counted approximately 2,700 beneficiaries of

its training who are applying their financial knowledge to running a credit program. Members of the

Solidarity Capitalization Fund (FONCASOL), a

fund set up by Mancomunidad with the IAF’s support, award loans, handle loan repayments and

Sandra Lafontaine
22

determine the distribution of interest earned. The

credit program was established to finance production and income-generation initiatives among poor

families in the municipalities of San Lorenzo, El

Puente, Yunchara and Uriondo in the department of

Tarija, Bolivia. 

Health

Beneficiaries made ready use of their acquired

knowledge of health practices. Guatemala’s

Asociación de Salud y Desarrollo Rxiin Tnamet

(GT-252), for example, is improving basic health in

two indigenous communities in the Lake Atitlán

area through a program of curative and preventative

services, education and community organization.

Since the project began in August 1998, Rxiin

Tnamet reports more than 8,000 community residents have been taking better care of their health,

particularly pregnant women who received prenatal care classes. Additionally, women have

worked as volunteers in disseminating preventative

information among families in the communities

served. 

Similarly, in Nicaragua more than 1,000 beneficiaries are applying health care and disease prevention

methods learned in workshops offered by

Asociación de Voluntarios para el Desarrollo

Comunitario (AVODEC) (NC-226) to improving

their own health and that of their families. The project’s objective is to promote public sanitation and

improve public health education in the municipality

of Jinotega.

Other Areas

IAF grant beneficiaries applied skills acquired in

other areas as well. In Panama, Fundación para la

Promoción de la Mujer (PN-267), for example, is

helping low-income men and women increase their

employment opportunities and income-earning

capacity through vocational training in construction

and other trades. In FY-03, 140 persons, 70 of them

women, applied their skills to building or renovating houses, while others did repairs as plumbers or

electricians. 

In El Salvador, Asociación para la Organización y

Educación Empresarial Femenina de El Salvador

(OEF) (ES-196) is promoting community development and organizational strengthening through education and training. Municipal authorities who have

received computer training are using this knowledge to provide better services to the public. 

Health

Nutrition and Access to Medical Care 

Better diets and access to medical care and clean

water impact the health of the community and,

hence, its standard of living. Equally important is

proper disposal of human waste and removal of

solid waste (see Table 6). Through improvements

to diet, FY-03 grant activities improved the health

of approximately 26,400 beneficiaries.

For most grantees, dietary improvement was not an

initial objective but an indirect benefit of stated

objectives to increase production and/or income.

An increase in production leads to more food for

household members because part of the production

is allocated for home consumption. Additionally, as

income rises, households can afford more and better food. 

Grantees in Mexico, such as Milpas de Oaxaca

(ME-428), Fundación de Apoyo Infantil

Guanajuato (FAI/Guanajuato) (ME-446) and, to a

lesser extent, Fundación Comunitaria del Bajío

(FCB) (ME-433) pursue food security and/or better

nutrition as part of their development strategy.

Milpas’ activities are aimed at increasing and diversifying horticulture production and consumption. In

Luis Gonzalez
23

FY-03, Milpas reported approximately 550 beneficiaries improved their diet as a result of consuming

nontraditional vegetables grown in their gardens.

FAI/Guanajuato is pursuing a food security strategy by selling basic staples and supplies at reduced

prices through a mobile community store in Xichú

and Tierra Blanca. In FY-03, more than 2,100 persons benefited. FCB is working under its health

sub-project toward reducing child malnutrition

through workshops on infant nutrition, including

the importance of mother’s milk, constructing

kitchens in public schools and training parents in

economic, nutritious food preparation. 

In FY-03, FCB in collaboration with its partner,

Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (DIF), distributed food rations valued at $4 each to 900 families.

Other Mexican grantees also reported improvements to their beneficiaries’ diet as an unexpected

consequence of activities: 

Coordinadora de

Organizaciones

Campesinas e Indígenas

de la Huasteca Potosina,

(COCIHP) (ME-434),

which helps indigenous

and peasant families

improve production,

reported that 160 persons

in the communities of

Zojualo and Xocoyo benefited from increased

chicken and bread production, part of which

was allocated to home

consumption. 

Colegio de Biólogos del Sistema Tecnológico

(ME-445), whose goal is to assist Mayan

communities in expanding the use of environmentally-sustainable traditional production

methods in organic forest gardens, in augmenting family subsistence production and

increasing family income in the state of

Quintana Roo, reported more than 300 persons improved their diet by consuming homegrown vegetables and fish.

Table 7 shows by country the number of beneficiaries, whose health improved through the

availability of clean water, hygienic disposal of

human waste through construction of latrines and

access to medical care, including preventive measures such as vaccinations. In Guatemala,

Asociación de Salud y Desarrollo Rxiin Tnamet

(GT-252) provided prenatal care and other health

services to 1,700 patients. Fundación para el

Desarrollo Educativo Social y Económico (FUNDADESE) (GT-260) vaccinated 200 children

under the age of one against whooping cough,

diphtheria and polio and provided vitamin A to

760 children between the ages of one and four.

Overall, FUNDADESE reported medical services

to 3,200 residents in the 11 communities in its

jurisdiction.

In Argentina, the Asociación de Mujeres Warmi

Sayajsunqo (Warmi) (AR-329) received a team of

Table 6: Beneficiaries of health -related activities 

 

Activity Number of beneficiaries 

 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 

Installation of latrines 4,570 4,510 2,840 

Installation of piped water 22,760 34,690 3,300 

Medical care 33,700 20,580 23,000 

Trash removal 168,970 130,000 123,500 

Vaccinations 17,950 2,310 3,700 

Table 7: Individuals benefiting from health -related activities in FY -03

Country Medical care Vaccinations Piped water Latrines

Argentina 2,090 500 500 0 

Bolivia 0 0 160 130 

Brazil 0 0 640 90 

Dominican Republic 0 0 0 1,170 

Ecuador 380 0 40 40 

El Salvador 180 0 250 150 

Guatemala 15,700 2,600 660 810 

Honduras 1,900 580 610 170 

Mexico 0 0 130 130 

Nicaragua 700 0 0 0 

Panama 0 0 0 50 

Peru 500 0 0 110 

Venezuela 1,500 0 0 0 

Total 22,950 3,680 2,990 2,850 
24

20 U.S. and Argentine medical doctors who gave

physical examinations to 660 Warmi beneficiaries.

Patients with medical complications were referred

to the closest medical facilities.

Access to water

Access to clean water reduces the risk of disease.

In Brazil, Centro de Agricultura Alternativa do

Norte de Minas (BR-781) constructed 71 tanks to

collect rain water, benefiting 280 individuals. In the

community of Jenipapinho, the grantee built a

reservoir which is providing water to 50 individuals. In Mexico, Centro Campesino para el

Desarrollo Sustentable (ME-454) reported close to

130 individuals benefited from installation of 24

10,000-liter water tanks. The grantee contributed

30 percent of its own funds for the construction,

mobilized 55 percent from Instituto Nacional de

Desarrollo Local (INDESOL), a Mexican government institution, and procured the rest from beneficiaries.

In El Salvador, Fundación Campo (ES-187) facilitated meetings of community leaders of El

Amatillo and municipal authorities of Nueva

Granada in Usulután with officials of the Local

Development Social Investment Fund, which

resulted in the flow of piped water to more than 80

housing units; approximately 250 Salvadorans benefited from access to potable water.

Latrines and Similar Facilities

Toilet facilities improved sanitary conditions

for more than 2,800 individuals. In the

Dominican Republic, Consejo

Interinstitucional para el Desarrollo de

Constanza (CIDC) (DR-306) built close to

140 latrines in ten communities, benefiting

close to 1,000 residents. In Peru, Asociación

para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral

(PU-499) built four latrines benefiting 110

individuals. In Bolivia, Centro de Acción

Social para el Desarrollo Comunitario (BO469) constructed 25 full baths in the

community of Kaori Bajo, Cochabamba,

improving sanitary conditions for 25

families.

Solid Waste Collection

Health conditions also improved through trash disposal, which benefited 20,000 individuals in FY-03.

The Dominican Republic’s Sociedad Ecológica del

Cibao (DR-310), for example, organized a clean up

campaign to eliminate 11 illegal dump sites in 9

communities. In Venezuela, Fundación Papyrus

(VZ-183), which assists low-income school children in raising funds for academic projects through

recycling activities, reported that 10,600 households participated in the recycling operation, benefiting approximately 53,000 individuals. Part of the

money raised is used for hiring more teachers and

buying school supplies for the children.

In Ecuador, Corporación de Estudios RegionalesGuayaquil (CER-G) (EC-379) in partnership with

three municipalities in the province of Guayas

sponsored a trash clean- up contest. The winning

neighborhoods then participated in the solid waste

management program sponsored by the grantee.

The contest, a pilot for the solid waste management

program, benefited approximately 900 households,

improving living conditions for 4,600 residents as a

result of cleaner streets. 

In El Salvador, Fundación para el Fomento de

Empresas para la Recolección y Tratamiento

Ambiental de los Desechos Sólidos (ABA) (ESLuis Gonzalez
25

201) organized 12 schools into solid waste collection and recycling centers. As part of the school

ecological program, students separated inorganic

material which was later sold to ABA-created recycling centers. 

Housing

In FY-03, IAF grantees in nine countries had a

direct and positive impact on the standard of living

of the poor in Latin America and the Caribbean

through assistance with housing construction or

additions (see Table 8). Brazilian grantee Fundação

Centro de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos Bento

Rubião (BR-788) helped residents of two lowincome housing cooperatives located in the poorest

neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro build 50 new

houses. In Mexico, Comité de Promoción Social

del Valle del Yaqui (PROVAY) (ME-441) is

improving living conditions for low-income families by building ecological homes from locally

available materials. In FY-03, 20 houses were built

benefiting approximately 90 individuals. Another

Mexican grantee, Comité de Defensa Popular de

Zaragoza (ME-426), improved conditions for 75

individuals by replacing their one-room mud huts

with 14 new homes made of long-lasting materials.

Home renovation also made life better for the poor.

In Nicaragua, for example, Sociedad de Servicios

Integrales para el Desarrollo Rural Espino Blanco

(NC-230) provided loans averaging $525 to

approximately 60 low-income families for home

improvements such as roof repairs, floor tiling and

wall partitions, benefiting 200 persons.

Consejo para el Desarrollo Estratégico de

la Ciudad y el Municipio de Santiago or

(COORPLAN) (DR-307) helped rehabilitate 285 homes around Santiago, the

Dominican Republic’s second largest city.

COORPLAN provided homeowners technical assistance in the selection of contractors

and purchase of materials and monitored

the work through completion, thereby benefiting 1,100 individuals.

IAF grantees in Brazil, the Dominican

Republic and Nicaragua led in the installation of electrical systems and connection to

sewer systems, as Table 9 shows.

Employment

Permanent and Seasonal Jobs Created

In FY-03, IAF grantees created approximately

3,200 permanent full-time jobs and 1,200 part-time

positions as well as 9,800 seasonal jobs, mostly in

agriculture, for 5,500 full-time and 4,300 part-time

workers. About 56 percent of all seasonal jobs created were full-time positions (see Table 10).

Nicaragua grants produced 1,560 permanent fulltime positions, or almost half of all permanent fulltime positions created in the 15 countries in this

category. Desarrollo para la Mujer (NC-244), a

revolving loan fund for women micro-entrepreneurs, and Fondo de Asociación para el Desarrollo

de la Costa Atlántica “PANA PANA” (NC-235), a

Table 8: New and renovated housing 

units in FY-03 

 

Country New Renovations 

Argentina 0 15 

Brazil 50 0 

Dominican Republic 0 490 

Ecuador 10 10 

Guatemala 20 0 

Honduras 2 0 

Mexico 40 160 

Nicaragua 30 200 

Panama 0 5 

Total 152 880 

Table 9: Installation of electrical power and sewer to homes 

 in FY-03 

 

Electrical power 

installation Sewer hook-up 

Country Persons 

Housing 

units Persons 

Housing 

units 

Brazil 80 30 80 30 

Dominican Republic 130 40 0 0 

Ecuador 40 10 30 5 

Nicaragua 80 20 30 10 

Total 330 100 140 45 
rural credit and social investment fund for

victims of Hurricane Mitch on the

Caribbean coast, accounted for about 85 percent of the new jobs. 

IAF grantees in 13 countries created 1,200

permanent part-time positions. Nicaraguan

grantees led with 420 positions, or 34 percent of those created, followed closely by

Honduran grantees with 400 jobs or 33 percent of new part-time jobs. If El Salvador is

added to the mix, grantees from the three

Central American countries accounted for

three out of four permanent part-time positions created in FY-03. 

Nicaraguan grantees also surpassed other

IAF grantees in Latin America and the

Caribbean in seasonal jobs created in FY-03.

Of the 5,500 seasonal full-time positions, 65

percent corresponded to Nicaraguan

grantees; of the 4,300 seasonal part-time

positions, 1,200 or 28 percent belonged to

Nicaraguan grantee PANA PANA. 

In South America, Centro de Estudios para el

Desarrollo Regional (PU-481) in Peru created close to 600 temporary construction jobs

in connection with a concrete irrigation

canal which will serve to irrigate farm lands.

Another Peruvian grantee, Consorcio para

el Desarrollo Regional (PU-513) is helping

small businesses in Huancayo market a

broader variety of better products and services locally and nationally. The 100 seasonal

jobs created by these micro-enterprises were

linked to their business cycle. 

Jobs Improved or Saved

Table 11 shows the number of jobs that have

been saved and improved as a result of IAF

funding. The data for all grants active in FY03 are cumulative since inception. 

In Brazil, Associação de Reciclagem

Ecológica Rubem Berta (BR-780) has preserved more than 1,000 jobs in 22 recycling

associations located in Porto Alegre, Vale

dos Sinos and Delta do Jacuí. 

26

Table 11: Permanent jobs saved and improved

 

Jobs saved Jobs improved 

Country 

Fulltime Parttime Fulltime Parttime 

Argentina 130 0 180 0 

Bolivia 40 140 400 800 

Brazil 1,300 40 0 30 

Ecuador 290 70 610 100 

El Salvador 150 230 1,000 860 

Guatemala 320 340 160 240 

Haiti 0 0 70 10 

Honduras 2,210 1,850 4,970 3,390 

Mexico 40 0 810 70 

Nicaragua 2,320 200 940 50 

Panama 30 210 10 310 

Peru 1,050 230 1,550 410 

Venezuela 0 70 20 20 

Total 7,880 3,380 10,720 6,290 

Table 10: Permanent and seasonal full - and part-time 

 positions created 

 

Permanent Jobs Seasonal Jobs 

Country 

Fulltime Parttime Fulltime Parttime 

Argentina 50 60 0 80 

Bolivia 0 20 60 130 

Brazil 150 10 30 20 

Colombia 5 0 0 0 

Dominican 

Republic 0 0 20 0 

Ecuador 220 30 350 160 

El Salvador 90 100 40 90 

Guatemala 240 50 0 1,340 

Haiti 60 0 0 60 

Honduras 230 400 450 770 

Mexico 190 40 300 10 

Nicaragua 1,560 420 3,580 1,200 

Panama 10 20 10 200 

Peru 360 40 690 270 

Venezuela 30 10 0 0 

Total 3,195 1,200 5,530 4,330 
27

In Peru, Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo

Regional (CEDER) (PU-481) saved more than 600

jobs in Puquina, Arequipa, by training fruit growers

in pest-control management. Farm workers who

otherwise would have been idle during the dry season were able to continue farming as a result of an

irrigation system funded by the grantee.

In Honduras, Centro para el Desarrollo Comunal

(CEDECO) (HO-232) is promoting self-help economic development activities to increase employment opportunities for low- income residents in the

departments of Cortés and Atlántida. As part of its

efforts, CEDECO is providing loans to enable

micro-entrepreneurs to take advantage of the

expanding tourist market. Many loans have been

used to keep business activities running; preserving

jobs that otherwise would have been lost. 

Measuring Grantee Organization Capabilities

This section looks at resources leveraged to expand

the scope of the grantees’ work beyond the beneficiaries originally envisioned in the agreement with

the IAF and to sustain their activities once IAF

funding ends. It also examines efforts to forge new

relationships toward providing the level and quality

of goods and services required. 

Resources Mobilized

Resource mobilization refers to funds raised to

cover operating expenses and development efforts

beyond those covered by an IAF grant. Leveraged

resources, from international, national or local

sources, private and public, can be financial, material or human. In FY-03, grantees mobilized the

equivalent of $7.7 million: $5.5 million in cash and

$2.2 million in kind. In FY-02 the total amount

mobilized was $5.5 million: $3.7 million in cash

and $1.8 million in kind. Thus, in FY-03, grantees

raised 40 percent more in cash resources than the

previous year (see Figure 4).

In FY-03, grantees leveraged $3.2 million, or 41

percent, from international sources, including $2.6

million in cash and close to $600,000 in kind (see

Table 12). This represented a slight increase over

the $2.5 million raised from international sources in

FY-02 and in FY-01. 

Resources mobilized from national and local

sources totaled almost $4.6 million. Domestic

donor contributions represented 59 percent of total

resources mobilized in FY-03 compared to 55 percent during the previous year. Figure 5 compares

resources mobilized by grantees in FY-03 with

those mobilized in FY-02 and FY-01. 

Central governments are contributing more

resources for local development, while local

sources are reducing their share of contributions, as

Figure 5 demonstrates.

Only two out of 227 grantees reported receiving

cash donations from foreign businesses during FY03: Instituto Qualidade do Ensino (BR-775) in

Brazil received $33,000 from Dow Corning, FMC

do Brasil, Agribrands and Robert Bosh-Divisão de

Freios; Asociación de Voluntarios para el

Desarrollo Comunitario (NC-226) in

Nicaragua received $7,400 from

Vujovich, a U.S.-based construction company.

Cash mobilized from domestic businesses totaled $500,000 in FY-03. Fundación

Leer (AR-330) received $53,000 from

Importadora y Exportador de la

Patagonia and $37,700 from Editoriales.

Centro Mexicano para la Filantropía

(ME-422) received more than $82,000 in

cash contributions from Mexican businesses:
28

Hewlett Packard de México, 

S.C. Johnson and Son, 

Servicios Corporativos Phillip Morris, 

Hipotecaria Su Casita, 

Merck Sharp y Dohme de México, 

Interprotección, Agente de Seguros y

Fianzas, 

Servicios Administrativos Wal Mart, 

ADO y Empresas Coordinadas, 

Hipotecaria Crédito y Casa, 

Administración Portuaria Internacional

Coatzacoalcos, 

McDonald de México, 

Manpower, 

Novartis Farmacéutica and 

Grupo ADO.

Other businesses contributed time or materials to

IAF-supported projects. In Argentina, for example,

Transportadora de Gas del Norte provided

Asociación de Mujeres Warmi Sayajsunqo (AR329) materials for greenhouses valued at $22,700.

In Mexico, Arquitectura y Ciudad, an architectural

firm, donated the design of a training center design

valued at $40,000 to Alternare (ME-457), and

Consultores en Ingeniería Integral SA contributed

engineers to supervise construction. 

Nonprofit international organizations contributed

approximately $1.5 million in cash in FY-03, a stellar year in which IAF grantees raised 14 percent

more than in the previous fiscal year. Among the

largest cash contributors were the following2: 

* First Data Western Union Foundation, $12,500

to Fundación Leer (AR-330) in Argentina;

* Caritas (France), $85,000 to Mancomunidad

Héroes de la Independencia (BO-474) in

Bolivia;

* Misereor (Germany), $22,600 to Fundação

Centro de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos Bento

Rubião (BR-788) in Brazil;

* Branford Congregational

Church (Connecticut, USA),

$50,300 to Asociación

Comunitaria Mi Cometa

(EC-383) in Ecuador;

* TROCAIRE (Ireland),

$72,600 to Comunidades

Unidas de Usulután (ES182) in El Salvador;

* Alternativa Solidaria

Plenty (Spain), $12,000 to

Asociación para el

Desarrollo Económico,

Educativo y Cultural de

Guatemala (GT-265);

* SEED-USA, $80,250 to

Fondation Sémence (HA193) in Haiti;

* Mercy Corps, $157,000 to

Proyecto Aldea Global (HOTable 12: Resources mobilized in cash and in kind by source

Cash In-kind Total

$40,700 $63,400 $104,100

$173,500 $233,800 $407,300

$2,165,900 $256,200 $2,422,100

$220,800 $34,600 $255,400

$510,800 $139,400 $650,200

$1,967,100 $307,700 $2,274,800

$234,400 $147,200 $381,600

$51,700 $80,700 $132,400

$106,300 $412,400 $518,700

$25,600 $494,700 $520,300

$37,000 $75,100 $112,100

$5,533,800 $2,245,200 $7,779,000

Source

International private organizations

Other international organizations

International businesses

International public sector

National public sector

Other national organizations

National businesses

Local public sector

Local businesses

Total

Community contributions

Other local sources

2 No cash contributions from international private organizations were reported for FY-03 by grantees in the Dominican Republic.
29

235) in Honduras;

* the Hewlett Packard Foundation, $125,000 to

Pronatura (ME-448) in Mexico; 

* the Ford Foundation, $100,000 to Fondo de

Desarrollo para la Mujer (NC-244) in

Nicaragua;

* the Committe of 200 Foundation (USA),

$4,850 to Fundación para la Promoción de la

Mujer (PN-267) in Panama;

* Centro Orientamento Educativo (Italy),

$19,150 to Asociación Especializada para el

Desarrollo Sostenible (PU-507) in Peru; and

* the Onaway Trust (United Kingdom), $8,400

to Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales

(VZ-168) in Venezuela.

In FY-03, central governments provided $2.3

million ($2 million cash and $300,000 in Kind), a

137 percentage increase over the previous year.

Seventy percent of the total came from three

Mexican government agencies: Fideicomisos

Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura of the

Banco de Mexico, Instituto de Desarrollo Social

and Instituto Nacional de Capacitación Agrícola. 

Resources Brokered

Resources brokered refers to monetary, material or

human resources brokered by the grantee from individuals or national or international public or private

entities and channeled directly to grassroots organizations or groups that support the project funded by

the IAF. Resources brokered never pass through the

grantee’s hands but rather go directly to organizations, grassroots groups or beneficiaries.

As Table 13 demonstrates, most

resources brokered came from central governments, which invested

$941,000, or 25 percent of total

resources brokered, in projects for

IAF grant beneficiaries. Resources

brokered slightly increase from $3.3

million in FY-02 to $3.8 million in

FY-03. Local public sector contributions soared to $603,880 in FY-03

from a low of $138,760 in FY-02. 

The distribution by sectors has also changed significantly over the last three fiscal years (see Figure

6). 

International donor contributions channeled directly

to IAF beneficiaries dropped 4 percent, from

$664,000 in FY-02 to $637,000 in FY-03. Similarly,

resources brokered from national organizations,

either private or public, dropped from $2.2 million

in FY-02 to $1.8 million in FY-03. However, local

government and community contributions more

than compensated for the shortfall. 

Centro para el Desarrollo Comunal (HO-232) in

Honduras brokered $155,000 in cash from the

Kellog Foundation, one of the largest contributions

to IAF grantees from international sources. It was

channeled directly to small projects in 10 communities: Travesia, Bajamar, Tormaneb, Rio Tinto, San

Juan, La Encenada, Triunfo de la Cruz, Punta

Gorda, Santa Elena and Afrocurnh.

Fundação Abrinq pelos Direitos da Criança (BR774) in Brazil brokered resources from the Lucent

Technologies Foundation, the International Youth

Foundation and the Levi-Strauss Foundation. The

combined contribution of more than $ 150,000 was

channeled to six organizations, including Geração

Jovem, benefiting approximately 250 youths, and

Virada do Futuro, which encompasses nine educational agencies.

Resources brokered from local institutions

increased three-fold, from $463,000 in FY-02 to

$1.3 million in FY-03. These resources were con-
30

centrated in Mexico, where

many public institutions provide funding for local projects

coordinated by IAF grantees. 

Reaching the Poor by

Cooperating with Others

Without any written agreements specifying an obligation

to do so, 1,760 organizations,

mainly government agencies at

the national and local level,

cooperated with IAF grantees

in FY-03. In southern Mexico,

for example, 12 public institutions are assisting Colegio de

Biólogos del Sistema

Tecnológico (ME-445) in helping Mayan communities in the

state of Quintana Roo to

expand the use of environmentally-sustainable production

methods in Mayan organic forest gardens as a way

to increase income and reduce the migration of

teenagers to Cancún, other Mexican cities and the

United States. 

In Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, Fundación Comunitaria

de la Frontera Norte (ME-452) is working with 40

Mexican and U.S. corporations, nongovernmental

organizations and public agencies to plan and support local development projects in low-income

neighborhoods near the U.S.-Mexico border. By

improving living conditions, the grantee expects to

reduce migration.

Argentina’s Fundación de la Universidad Nacional

de General Sarmiento (FUNAS) (AR-320) promotes and supports the university’s mission in

seven contiguous communities on the outskirts of

Buenos Aires through socio-economic development

partnerships among public, private and civil society

organizations that enhance the efforts of local

stakeholders and strengthen democracy at the local

level. In FY-03, FUNAS reported 105 organizations, all but seven domestic, cooperated at various

levels. FUNAS’ success in attracting institutions to

cooperate with its program is due to its positive

image among its partners as a place open to new

ideas and democratic practices. 

Partnering as a Strategy to Help the Poor

Helping the poor requires certain skills and by

partnering with organizations that have these skills,

grantees can offer beneficiaries the assistance they

need. Partnerships present challenges because of

differences in interests, objectives, goals,

resources, and human and financial capital, but

they achieve outcomes not otherwise possible.

Partnering involves shared decisions and pooled

resources to benefit the target group. IAF grantees

recognize the advantages in terms of maximizing

the impact of their investment and accessing a

greater range of skills. During FY-03, IAF grantees

reported partnering with 1,080 organizations, public and private, foreign and domestic. As Table 14

shows, the Brazil portfolio includes the most partnerships, with 220, followed by El Salvador with

190 and Mexico with 160. In FY-03 alone, IAF

grantees established alliances with 330 public and

private organizations. 

Community-based organizations, ranging from

Asociación Vecinal Malvinas Argentina, a neighborhood association in Argentina (AR-320), to

Organización Campesina Independiente de Jalisco

(OCIJ), a farmers’ group in Mexico (ME-407), led

Table 13: Resources brokered in cash and in kind by source in FY -03 

Source Cash In-kind Total 

International businesses $3,260 $12,760 $16,020 

International public sector $1,620 $58,940 $60,560 

International private 

organizations $352,730 $77,370 $430,100 

Other international 

organizations $82,900 $47,830 $130,730 

 

National businesses $798,790 $51,290 $850,080 

National public sector $528,910 $412,880 $941,790 

Other national organizations $34,440 $19,480 $53,920 

 

Local businesses $13,840 $7,840 $21,680 

Local public sector $261,150 $342,730 $603,880 

 

Community contributions $152,910 $497,080 $649,990 

Other local sources $5,660 $30,220 $35,880 

 

Total $2,236,210 $1,558,420 $3,794,630 
31

the way in partnering with IAF grantees (see Figure

7). Other major partners were drawn from the public sector. These included municipal governments,

such as the municipality of Oruro, Bolivia, which

partnered with Centro de Investigación y Servicio

Popular (BO-472), as well as national entities such

as FONAES (Fondo Nacional de Apoyo a las

Empresas en Solidaridad) and FIRA (Fideicomisos

Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura) in

Mexico. Domestic businesses also supported IAF

grantees. Foreign businesses, however, were rarely

a partner and contributed less than $120,000 to IAF

projects in FY-03, a further decline from the previous low of $170,000 in FY-02.

Diversity in Loan Programs

IAF’s credit-fund portfolio reflects a dazzling

degree of diversity. In FY-03, the IAF funded projects with micro-credit components in 17 countries.

These fell into six categories: agriculture, construction, manufacturing, business development, education and other. Of the loans extended in FY-03,

76,600 were used to develop businesses, 11,000

were used for agriculture pursuits and 37,000 loans

for other purposes. Averaging $1,022, agriculture

loans were the largest, followed by construction

loans averaging $704 dollars and education loans

averaging $255 (see Table 15). 

Mexican grantees extended the most loans in all

categories except agriculture. Mexican grantees

accounted for 88 percent (122,000 of 138,600) of

all loans extended by IAF grantees in FY-03.

Projects in Bolivia accounted for the greatest number of agricultural loans (3,400), followed by those

in Guatemala (1,600) and Nicaragua (1,200).

Mexican grantees reported 71,350 business development loans, averaging $357 each. Of these,

66,500 loans are attributable to Desarrolladora de

Emprendedores (ME-438), a project oriented

toward expanding banking capacity. It established

three bank branches for asset accumulation and

loans. The banks allowed members with a successful track record to access higher levels of credit.

They improved efficiency through computerization,

provided low-income people in the Valle Chalco

access to technology, and managed private capital

for a fee to generate revenue. This project extended

Table 14: Partnerships to date

Country

New 

partnerships 

in FY-03

Total new 

and 

previous 

partnerships

Argentina 30 50

Bolivia 40 110

Brazil 50 220

Colombia 10 30

Costa Rica 10 10

Dominican 

Republic 0 10

Ecuador 10 40

El Salvador 40 190 

Guatemala 20 60 

Haiti 0 5 

Honduras 20 30 

Mexico 50 160 

Nicaragua 20 15 

Panama 0 20 

Peru 20 115 

Venezuela 10 15 

Total 330 1,080 

Table 15: Loans by category, number and 

average amount in FY -03

Loan Category

Number 

of Loans

Average 

Amount 

in US $

Agriculture 11,000 $1,022

Construction 3,300 $704

Manufacturing 8,600 $313

Business development 76,600 $385

Education 2,100 $255

Other 37,000 $320

Total 138,600 $270

56,000 loans to member groups and 1,600 loans to

individual members. 

Bolivia’s Mancomunidad Héroes de la Independencia

(BO-474) supports a grassroots-driven credit program

(FONCASOL) that finances production and incomegeneration initiatives. In FY-03, the credit fund

extended 3,200 loans averaging $62 each. These
32

loans represent approximately 94 percent of all

agricultural loans extended by IAF grantees in

Bolivia during the fiscal year.

From the Rio Grande to the Rio de la Plata, the

demand for credit is significant. The uses of microcredit in the Americas are as challenging to catalogue as the hemisphere’s bio-diversity. With IAF

resources, grantees are filling development niches

largely ignored by the traditional commercial sector, but the need for credit still far exceeds

resources.

Planning and Evaluation Activities

The IAF assesses planning and evaluation ability as

high, medium or low. A high rating is given to a

grantee that systematically plans and evaluates programs, taking into account institutional goals and

objectives as well as contextual factors. A low rating means there is nothing systematic about the

grantee’s approach to the design, follow-up and

evaluation of its programs. During FY-03, grantees

in 15 countries reported on this variable: 62

grantees, or about 54 percent, reported their capacity high; 48 grantees, or about 42 percent, reported

their capacity medium; and the remaining 4 percent

reported their capacity as low.

In Mexico, for example, six grantees (46 percent)

reported their capacity in planning and evaluation

high, six reported their capacity as medium and one

as low. Among those reporting a high capacity for

planning and evaluation was Centro Campesino para

el Desarrollo Sustentable (ME-454), a rating the

Mexican data verifier confirmed by noting that the

grantee conducts semi-annual evaluations of activities so as not to lose sight of established goals.

New Approaches

“New approaches” refers to a demonstrated ability to

take the initiative in devising imaginative solutions

with the resources available. This includes making

use of resources previously overlooked or by integrating traditional and modern know-how. In FY-03,

55 grantee organizations reported on this indicator.

IAF data verifiers corroborated the self-assessments

and confirmed high ratings by 40 grantee organizations, or approximately 73 percent, medium ratings

by 11 organizations, or close to 20 percent, and four

low ratings. Centro Mexicano para la Filantropía

(CEMEFI) (ME-422), in Mexico, rated itself high

based on its having founded an electronic information exchange group comprised of members of the

Business Leaders Forum, government officials and

development practitioners associated with organizations linked to business development projects. The
33

electronic information exchanged among members,

who currently number 171, has facilitated the flow

of ideas and suggestions. CEMEFI’s objective is to

encourage corporate involvement in social development. 

Venezuela’s Fundación para la Defensa de la

Naturaleza (FUDENA) (VZ-178) is an example of

an organization that does not hesitate to apply new

methods to achieve its goals. FUDENA has been

successfully using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes

to build enclosures for oyster farms, an innovative

measure because PVC pipes are weather resistant

and more economical than material used previously.

Junta de Asociaciones Campesinas de Salcedo

(JUNACAS) (DR-321) in the Dominican Republic,

identified and applied new strategies to boost its

beneficiaries’ income. JUNACAS entered into a

marketing arrangement with PLM Marketing which

now exports bananas, plantains, lemons and other

fruit grown by small-scale farmers in Salcedo.

Stakeholders’ Access to Information

Access to information is defined as the willingness

of the grantee organization to provide its members,

officials and beneficiaries clear information on its

policies, programs and finances. In FY-03, 65 percent of grantee organizations were rated high on

willingness to disseminate information on policies

and programs to staff, beneficiaries and participating organizations; 34 percent were rated medium;

one was rated low. Centro de Estudios Regionales

para el Desarrollo de Tarija (CERDET) (BO-471)

received a high rating for regularly distributing status reports to indigenous community leaders and

representatives of base groups. The wealth of information provided to leaders and representatives of

the Guaraní people has rekindled their enthusiasm

and participation in activities that impact on their

territories. Centro de Protección para Desastres

(CEPRODE) (ES-190) received a medium rating as

it provides staff and beneficiaries only limited

information at selected times, for example, on work

processes or a training class. However, CEPRODE

does share information with other organizations

when requested. 

How much do beneficiaries, staff, and/or organizations working collaboratively participate in decisions affecting goals and activities? Of the 70

grantees reporting on this indicator measuring the

democratic workings of IAF projects, 60 percent

had a high rating, 34 percent had a medium rating

and six percent had a low rating in participatory

decision-making. For example, in Colombia a

group of poor women belonging to Red Fuerza

Viva , a grassroots organization, participated in

project planning and decision-making with Centro

de Educación e Investigación para el Desarrollo

Comunitario Urbano (CO-494), which earned the

Centro high marks. In contrast, Sociedade AfroSergipana de Estudos da Cidadania (SACI) (BR799) limits its beneficiaries’ participation in the

decision-making process.

Dissemination

The dissemination of knowledge and experience

allows development projects to build on the success of others and avoid their errors. The IAF supports such efforts through funding a wide array of

information outlets, including speeches and presentations, radio and television interviews, pamphlets and brochures, newspaper and magazine

articles, press releases, books, videos and movies,

and CD-ROMs.

In FY-03, IAF grantees in 15 of 17 countries with

projects funded by IAF grants, or 88 percent,

undertook some sort of dissemination activity.

Miguel Cuevas
34

Argentina and Mexico grantees were represented in

each area of dissemination activity. Usually, however, projects use a more modest array of tools.

Overall, IAF grantees produced 300 pamphlets and

brochures and distributed more than 246,000

copies. A sample of grantee dissemination follows:

* Asociación Civil Nortesur (AR-327) in

Argentina produced six brochures on population growth, migration, education, employment

and health and distributed 1,500 copies to residents of Reconquista, a city located 380 miles

north of Buenos Aires; 

* Centro para la Promoción del Desarrollo y

Capacitación (PU-502) in Peru produced two

brochures related to pasture management and

veterinary product applications and distributed

more than 500 copies to alpaca herders; and

* Fundación del Empresariado Sonorense

(FESAC) (ME-453) in Mexico produced and

distributed three issues of Haciendo, its bulletin, to Sonora’s businessmen members of

FESAC, municipal authorities, civil society

organizations and the media (television, radio

and print ). One publication was the special

edition of Foro Estatal de Desarrollo Local

distributed to 5,000 members of the Forum, a

group of organizations interested in philanthropic activities.

Newspaper articles are also part of IAF grantees’

strategy to disseminate project activities, not only

to their members but to a wider audience. In

Barbados, the Community Tourism Foundation

(CTF) (CA-096) is raising money from the financial and tourism sectors for subgrants to benefit

community groups, neighborhood development

organizations and community-based organizations.

As part of its fund-raising strategy, CTF staff wrote

two articles discussing CTF’s activities, one focusing on corporate social responsibility, which

appeared in the Barbados Advocate newspaper.

Information was also disseminated through speeches, presentations and radio and television interviews. New dissemination categories are likely to

be included in the GDF given the explosion in

information exchange via the Internet.

Measuring Intangible Results: Individuals and

Families 

A holistic view of grassroots development includes

intangible gains that can be observed, inferred and

reliably verified, if not directly measured. At the

individual or family level, the IAF, through its data

verifiers, collects data on seven intangible indicators: communication, problem-solving skills, selfesteem, cultural identity, respect, determination and

innovation. Considered with results on tangible

indicators, these widen the lens through which

grant impact is viewed and provide symmetry to

the IAF’s measurement process. The data presented

in this section reflect the perception of grantee

organizations and beneficiaries with regard to cultural values, a sense of belonging, personal recognition of self-worth and human dignity, and the sense

of the potential to live a better life and contribute to

society. The data are cumulative and show results

since the inception of each grant. Following are

intangible results achieved.

Communication

Through project activities in FY-03, approximately

55,000 IAF grant beneficiaries increased their

capacity to express their ideas and views clearly.

Most of those increasing their communication skills

were Argentine child beneficiaries of Fundación

Leer’s (AR-330) two programs, Open Book and

Life Skills. In the two years of the program, more

than 25,000 children (9,300 children in FY-02 and

16,000 in FY-03) improved their communication

skills. Their teachers and school principals specifically agreed that reading has helped children with

their vocabulary and grades.

In Ecuador, Corporación para el Desarrollo de los

Recursos Naturales Renovables (CEDERENA)

(EC-374) is implementing a natural resource and

watershed management program to protect sources

of water for the municipality of Pimampiro. As part

of the program, CEDERENA holds regular fora

where Nueva América Forest caretakers and Jambi

Sacha Ecotourism Committee members are

exchanging views and suggestions; thus honing

their communication skills. 
Problem-Solving

The following examples illustrate how beneficiaries,

as a result of IAF-funded activities, analyze a situation and plan and carry out a course of action:

In Mexico, Acción Comunitaria del Bajío (ME-433)

reported that its program against substance abuse at

the Youth Orientation Centers is helping 270 men and

women fight drug addiction. Also, school attendance

has improved since last year because 1,300 beneficiaries are using their parenting training to motivate

their children to attend school. 

In Panama, Instituto Panameño de Desarrollo

Municipal (PN-259) is strengthening the capacity of

local groups through training and participatory community needs assessments which later are used to formulate sustainable municipal development plans.

Thus far, more than 2,200 individuals have benefited

from the program which has increasing their capacity

to resolve problems through negotiations with local

authorities.

In Argentina, 130 program coordinators, teachers,

librarians and school principals trained by Fundación

Leer (AR-330) in the literacy and life skills aspect of

the Open Book Project were able to resolve problems

associated with implementation. They adjusted

school schedules to accommodate new tasks or

extended the time allotted for various activities to

allow participants to complete assignments.

Self-Esteem

Personal recognition of self-worth and human dignity

and a sense of potential are attributes of self-esteem,

which plays a key role in human accomplishment and

development. Most IAF-supported activities aimed at

tangible results affect the self-esteem of the people

targeted by these activities. For example, more than

25,000 children and youth, as well as 150 program

coordinators, have raised their self-esteem by participating in Fundación Leer’s after-school reading and

interpersonal skills program. Through books available to take home, the program offers children an

important opportunity to select something of their

own to keep, and learning continues with their families. As a result, the children’s attitude toward reading and libraries has improved, along with their reading and learning skills. Further, children find in rincones de lectura (Reading Corners) a place where

their wishes and preferences are respected.

Appreciative parents, by the same token, are becoming more involved in their children’s education and

spend more time with them, thus, boosting the children’s self-esteem.

Centro Independiente para el Desarrollo de

Honduras (HO-231) in Honduras, reported that since

its IAF-funded program began in 1999, approximately 4,200 beneficiaries have more self-esteem. The

grantee based its assessment on the beneficiaries’

enthusiastic reaction to events such as the Second

Garifuna Song Festival, where preventive messages

about sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV

and AIDS, were conveyed to the crowd. Additionally,

agricultural and natural resource management workshops have fostered a sense of empowerment in participants.

Cultural Identity

Asociación para el Desarrollo Económico, Educativo

y Cultural de Guatemala (ADEEC) (GT-265), provided training in weaving to indigenous women in

the Q’eqchi communities of Samanzana and Secanal

II. The objectives were twofold: to provide women

with the skills to earn a living and to preserve traditional indigenous weaving techniques. Further, the

training taught weavers the significance of the güipiles, human and animal figures used in the designs on

skirts. A total of 230 women weavers are now linking

their work to traditional indigenous designs.

35

Miguel Cuevas
36

In Panama, Centro de Estudios para la Promoción

del Desarrollo (PRODES) (PN-265) reported that

2,600 individuals have stronger ties to their cultural

heritage as a result of grant activities. In FY-03,

beneficiaries participated in the fourth annual

Congo Dance Festival held in Portobelo, Colón,

sponsored by the National Institute of Culture, the

Ministry of Education, the provincial government

and the municipality. The festivities commemorate

Black Heritage Day and the last one included an

exhibit of photos depicting black folklore.

Ayllus Originarios de Quila Quila (BO-473) in

Bolivia reported that project activities related to

preservation of natural resources and training in

cultural identity, indigenous rights and land management have given the indigenous people of Quila

Quila a greater sense of cultural identity and an

appreciation of the need to preserve a protected

area rich in paleontological treasures.

Grantee and Beneficiary Innovation 

As defined by the IAF, innovation is the capacity to

develop creative solutions with the materials and

resources available and to apply new strategies or

methods that integrate traditional and modern

knowledge and practices. This is one of several

GDF indicators for which information is collected

by gender when available.

During FY-03, grantees from 13 countries reported

27,200 individuals displaying greater skill at innovation, of whom 44 percent were male and 56 percent female, percentages which varied in the different countries. In El Salvador, for example, the split

was 66 percent male and 34 percent female. In

Colombia females accounted for 74 percent of the

beneficiaries displaying greater skill at innovation.

Fundación Restrepo Barco (CO-476) reflects the

Colombia portfolio; of more than 500 individuals

with greater skill at innovation skills, 63 percent

are females and 37 percent males.

In Argentina, the Asociación de Mujeres Warmi

Sayajsunqo (Warmi) (AR-329) is providing microcredit to community members, but Warmi’s members are running the operation and deciding who

receives credit. Especially in the Argentine altiplano, this is innovative, since previous credit operations were run by outsiders.

Guatemalan farmer beneficiaries of the Fundación

para el Desarrollo y Fortalecimiento de las

Organizaciones de Base (FUNDEBASE) (GT-272)

used banana leaves around their crops to retain

moisture in the soil. Banana leaves are more readily

available than plastic sheeting, which is costly.

Rebecca Janes
37

Background

Fundación para el Desarrollo del Centro Chaqueño

(FUNDECCH) is a nongovernmental organization

that obtained legal status in 1990. Working in El

Chaco province, FUNDECCH aims to promote

sound development policies. It successfully applied

for an IAF grant in September of 1999 to establish

a revolving loan fund for low-income borrowers

and provide technical assistance to micro-entrepreneurs working in the informal market. 

Objectives and Results

FUNDECCH’s broad objective was to encourage

the productive activities of small-scale producers of

goods and services, improving the quality of life of

low-income families in the Domo Central del

Chaco region. Such producers generally cannot

obtain credit from traditional sources. The FUNDECCH credit line would be made available to

those already working as micro-entrepreneurs, as

well as those who wanted to initiate such activities. 

FUNDECCH’s goal was to extend 300 loans of

US$1,000 each in the first year of its funding, and

loans of progressively increasing amounts over the

next two years. FUNDECCH also aimed to provide

a series of 48 technical training courses on microenterprise development, financial analysis management and business administration to help the microentrepreneurs develop and manage their businesses. 

Through the revolving credit system, FUNDECCH

eventually extended 605 loans averaging $1,100

each and totaling $682,000. Perhaps most importantly, the revolving loan fund continues and can,

through repayments with interest, continue beyond

the timeline of the original grant. Of the 48 projected courses, 39 were realized; attendance totaled

540 participants. Of these, 500 directly applied new

skills and knowledge to their business. For example, micro-entrepreneurs learned simple bookkeeping techniques, which they later used to track their

income and expenses. 

Part III: Profiles of Projects Ending in FY 2003

ARGENTINA

FUNDACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL CENTRO CHAQUEÑ

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SUPPORTING SMALL ENTREPRENEURS

GRANT AMOUNT: $200,000

Lessons Learned

Project administrators highlighted the importance

of flexibility in view of the Argentine economic crisis, including the devaluation of the peso in

January of 2002. Whereas before 2002 many

small businesses had successfully sold imported

goods with a high profit margin, the devaluation

put such goods out of reach for most consumers.

The market shifted to a new emphasis on substituting locally developed products and extending

the useful life of older articles through repair and

reuse. Small repair workshops for household

goods and automobiles, as well as carpentry and

tailoring, grew in importance. The devalued currency increased the demand for clothing and

honey for export. 

FUNDECCH responded to these changing needs

by expanding course offerings to include such

practical skills as pickling, bee husbandry, candy

production and soy production. These courses

were very popular and the new skills were quickly put into practice. At a macro level, FUNDECCH was also able to negotiate a number of

favorable agreements with both private and state

entities to assist small-scale producers and

entrepreneurs under the new economic circumstances. 

The benefits of a program design that allows a

project to continue beyond the original grant are

also evident. Through FUNDECCH’s revolving

loan system, the original loan fund amount was

augmented over time to further serve its intended

beneficiaries. 
38

BOLIVIA

TALLER DE HISTORIA ORAL ANDINA

INCREASING INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

GRANT AMOUNT: $257,050

THOA accomplished its goal of training 50 Aymara

leaders in local government administration, local

development planning, indigenous rights and

women’s participation. Training sessions were held

throughout five communities. THOA conducted

two studies in natural and sociocultural resources in

the three selected zones and a self-assessment in

organizational, productive and economic potential

in Qamata. 

THOA also planned to conduct mapping and meetings, discussions, and document analysis as exercises for redistricting the sub-municipal boundaries.

Boundaries were officially set for pilot territories

Ayata and Qamata, two zones in the department of

La Paz mainly populated by indigenous groups.

Establishing new geographic boundaries for the traditional indigenous ayllu and providing assistance

in obtaining legal status enabled the communities to

access municipal development funds for community investments. The communities were also encouraged to take advantage of financial resources and

economic opportunities afforded by Bolivia’s new

laws related to decentralization and popular participation.

THOA planned to publish five booklets on its experience with empowering ayllus in local government

and disseminate them among other Aymara altiplano groups. One pamphlet, a guide for developing leaders, was published; it addressed the themes

of internationally recognized indigenous rights and

indigenous community rights acknowledged in

national legislation. Another text on human rights

and indigenous community rights was also produced. 

Background

Founded in 1983, the Taller de Historia Oral Andina

(THOA) is a nongovernmental organization comprised of sociologists, anthropologists, educators,

community planners and economists who carry out

training, social communications, social research, education and organization-building activities in rural

communities of Bolivia’s altiplano. Given the value

of oral history as a resource for understanding the

indigenous population, THOA used symbols such as

the wiphala (an indigenous flag) and the ayllus

(indigenous community organizations) as reference

points for its mission: to promote the reconstruction

of the ayllu and encourage its role in local development. 

Through an IAF grant awarded in September 1997,

THOA designed the project titled “Del Ayllu y la

Marka al fortalecimiento del poder local” and, later,

the complimentary project “Programa de Difusión,

Ejercicio de los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas y

Desarrollo con Identidad.” The goal was to facilitate

greater community participation in local development

by giving the community-based indigenous ayllu

organizations a stronger role in local government.

Originally planned for three years, the grant was later

extended through June 30, 2002. 

Objectives and Results

The specific project objectives were to place the two

indigenous municipal districts of Muñecas and Mollo

under the traditional ayllu authorities in the altiplano

province of Muñecas and to secure representation of

the ayllu authorities on the committees overseeing

the municipal government of Umala, also in

Muñecas. THOA hoped to enable the traditional

organizations to leverage public funds earmarked for

municipal government. 
39

Lessons Learned

Among the lessons learned was the importance

of understanding the target community: 

Communication in their native language elevated self-esteem among the indigenous people.

Legal documents in Spanish were drafted so

that they could be understood and some were

translated. For best results, project activities

were adapted to agricultural calendars, rituals

and festivals. 

Few institutions had a multidisciplinary team

able to discuss indigenous themes. Therefore, it

was important for authorities and leaders to be

able to understand the problems of the indigenous communities they represented.

THOA collaborated with the Consejo Nacional

de Ayllus y Markas del Qullasuyu (CONAMAQ)

to secure proprietary rights over community

lands in the departments of La Paz, Oruro,

Chuquisaca and Potosí. THOA planned to apply

the lessons learned from the two pilot territories

in its training and technical assistance for leaders and representatives of other communities.

All of these factors laid the foundation for future

work with ayllus.
BRAZIL

POEMAR - NUCLEO DE AÇÃO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL

CONSOLIDATING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES FOR THE AMAZON

GRANT AMOUNT: $262,208

Background

Nucleo de Ação para o Desenvolvimento

Sustentável (POEMAR), the organization behind

Bolsa Amazônia, was founded in 1992 to alleviate

poverty through the sustainable use of natural

resources in income and job creation and through

the promotion of social and ecological responsibility. POEMAR’s extensive activity in poor, rural

communities led its founders to the conclusion that

small producers had difficulty making sustainable

use of their plentiful natural resources and in marketing them to assure their families’ quality of life.

In a very successful program, POEMAR linked a

rural community with DaimlerChrysler, the automobile manufacturer, in the production of interior

car parts using natural fibers from coconut palms. 

POEMAR proposed to use a two-year InterAmerican Foundation grant awarded in 2000, to

work in three communities representative of the

Amazon region. Through the project, a fishing village would reach a broader market through

improved food preservation techniques, a slashand-burn agricultural area would process surplus

bananas into dried fruit for domestic consumption

and a rapidly growing squatter settlement would

process banana pulp for processing into flour or use

in other food products. 

Objectives and Results

The project objectives outlined by POEMAR were

essentially site-specific to the participating communities:

* Intensive technical assistance in production

and marketing as well as better technology,

including a refrigerated fishing boat, fish processing equipment and packing machines,

would benefit 200 fishermen in Porto de Moz

by improving their businesses and quality of

life. 

* The Small Producers Association of

Camurituba, a roadside community, would

maximize their production of dried fruit products through the installation of solar panels in

a drying plant, benefiting 30 farming families. 

* The consolidation of operations of a fruit processing plant for the manufacture of banana

flour in the community of Novo Paráiso would

benefit 800 members of the Resident and

Small Producer Association of Grotão dos

Caboclos de Novo Paráiso (ACROCANP). 

POEMAR also planned to hold 20 training modules

of 40 hours each for the 360 members of the three

participating community associations at the project

sites and in POEMAR’s specialized food-processing labs. These modules covered business management, quality control, packaging, marketing and

industrial design of manufacturing processes.

While unforeseen technical, cultural and market

difficulties delayed or hampered the full functioning of the plants during the two-year grant period,

the potential productive capacity of the three villages was positively affected. Specifically, the projects helped attract subsequent ancillary investments

and improvements to the communities. Thanks to

an agreement between the grantee and the state

government, two communities receive electrical

power, reducing production costs. In Camurituba,

the very existence of the processing plant encouraged the municipal government to build a new road

and bridge, which facilitates access to the community and allows for easier, less costly transport. 

The successful completion of the technical training

allowed for the implementation of new techniques

as well as more effective community management

built on sustainable production methods. The three

community associations partnered with POEMAR

40
41

Lessons Learned

POEMAR’s coordinators point to the importance of extensive preparatory research and

planning, of including project beneficiaries as

active participants in the greater process, of

administrative flexibility in dealing with a market-centered project and of a long-term

approach in developing industries in communities unaccustomed to deadlines and timetables. A long-term approach has made the difference in not only adding value to products

and establishing vital market links with important corporate partners, but also in assuring

the conservation of the natural environment

from which these communities may continue

to draw their sustenance.

have greater experience with wider and more selective markets. Such challenges have contributed

toward a renewed sense of solidarity, optimism and

cohesion. Finally, many of the lessons and models

considered in the course of this project have since

been adapted for use in similar agro-industry projects in six other communities in this region.
42

Lessons Learned

A significant lesson learned through this project was the importance of the farmers’

dependence on outside sources, including

banks, NGOs, local special interest associations and government. Associations of

Dominican coffee growers formed during a

period of decreased demand allowed for mutual assistance while income was depressed. 

The national government offered coffee producers monetary incentives that motivated

them to achieve production goals and assisted

with costs. At the conclusion of the project, all

indicators pointed to GRAN’s continued support of the coffee producers in the Dominican

Republic. In comparison, the near-absence of

a support network in Haiti made it difficult to

meet project goals on that side of the border. 

CARIBBEAN REGION

GRUPO DE DESARROLLO RURAL NACIONAL

ASSISTING LOCAL FARMERS ON THE HAITI-DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BORDER

GRANT AMOUNT: $188,300

By the end of the three-year program, 960

Dominican farmers were trained in areas such as

improved organic farming techniques and microcredit management; 300 Haitian farmers had

received similar training. Certification activities

affected 600 farmers in the Dominican Republic

compared with 20 in Haiti. However, 90 percent all

farmers applied their training to prepare for certification in the future. 

Although no new community banks were established, the existing ones were reorganized into 20

banks. Due lack of experience with credit funds

and political instability, the credit component of the

project was not accomplished in Haiti. However,

900 farmers qualified for loans in the Dominican

Republic and also benefited from the assistance

provided by the newly created Dominican Coffee

Council (CODOCAFE). 

Background

The nongovernmental organization Grupo de

Desarrollo Rural Nacional (GRAN) aims to promote and improve agricultural productivity on the

Haiti-Dominican Republic border. Focusing on

organic and biodynamic farming techniques,

GRAN functions in response to simultaneous

demands in emerging national and international

markets. Affiliated with farming associations,

GRAN has worked with nine Dominican communities to improve production techniques toward a

more competitive position in the world market.

Through technical assistance and training programs

in areas related to credit, organic certification and

export, the organization has improved sales of

organic coffee and basic grains. GRAN used its

three-year IAF grant to apply advanced production

techniques to expand its success in the Dominican

Republic to Haiti. 

Objectives and Results

Overall the project aimed to improve the handling

of natural resources and standard of living for

1,700 farmers in the areas on both sides of the

Haiti-Dominican Republic border. Specifically,

GRAN hoped to apply a certification program to

500 farms in the Dominican Republic and 140 in

Haiti. It anticipated extending credit to 600

Dominican farmers during the first year of the project. By the third year, the small loan program

administered by GRAN would include 760 farmers

in the Dominican Republic and 400 farmers in

Haiti. The organization also planned to establish

four new community banks to supplement the existing ones. It hoped to expand its membership to

include agricultural associations. Collaboration

among certified associations and national and international businesses specializing in the commercialization of organic products would increase access

to wider markets for organic products.
43

COLOMBIA

CENTRO DE EDUCACIÓN E INVESTIGACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO COMUNITARIO URBANO

EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR POOR WOMEN

GRANT AMOUNT: $278,956

Background

The Centro de Educación e Investigación para el

Desarrollo Comunitario Urbano (CEDECUR) is a

nonprofit association of women development professionals who focus on urban projects benefiting

poor women. Since 1994, CEDECUR has worked

in the Aguablanca district of Cali with about 600

women in an adult education program.

CEDECUR’s work in Aguablanca has been instrumental in creating the Red Fuerza Viva de Mujeres,

a network of 25 women leaders, and the Escuela de

Mujeres, which resulted from its educational program.

This project arose out of the recognition that poor

women in urban Colombia are not only single

heads-of-household but also are far more likely

than men to be unemployed or to work in the informal sector. CEDECUR aimed to help some 300

women of Aguablanca and their families by

expanding opportunities for formal education and

training and by helping the women establish sustainable, small-scale agricultural enterprises to

improve their families’ nutrition and income.

Central to this plan were initiatives to offer educational programs at the primary and secondary level,

to prepare a farm for cooperative agricultural production, to introduce home industries, such as canning, and to encourage family gardens. CEDECUR

received a three-year IAF grant in March 2000.

Objectives and Results

CEDECUR’s overall goal for the project was to

provide poor women in this marginal area of Cali

with the means to support their families and

improve their nutritional standards through education, training and food production. This broader

goal was broken down into a series of quantitative

and qualitative indicators. The first set of indicators

corresponded to the progression of 130 women

through primary and high school education equivalency programs under the coordination of the

Escuela de Mujeres and the women of the Red

Fuerza Viva de Mujeres. This would affect the leadership and organizational skills of women of the

Red, constituting a type of informal education.

A second set of goals was connected to the successful training of 130 women in basic and advanced

agricultural production, in the appropriate technology and in the preservation and pickling of food

products. In this connection, a five-hectare organic

farm was put into production. As an element of this

initiative, CEDECUR set the goal of organizing

technical assistance for 65 women to help them

develop family gardens, coordinate land cleaning,

soil preparation, construction and planting and

stock the farm with 500 chickens.

On a qualitative level, the program hoped to impact

these women through a greater connection to their

community and an enhanced appreciation of their

role as women in the larger political and economic

spheres. CEDECUR also pointed to the critical

importance of women’s education in creating

greater equity for women, in encouraging them to

exercise their rights and in guaranteeing the education and advancement of their children.

While the programs were successful in enrolling

participants, and even exceeded the original projections, student retention was more difficult as is

common with adult education programs. As the

members had hoped, 130 women advanced a full

educational level through this training, obtaining

primary or high school certificates and preparing

themselves for the job market. Despite a major

downturn in the national economy, 20 of these

women directly improved their circumstances

through obtaining new employment over the course

of the project. 
44

Lessons Learned

A clear lesson of the CEDECUR project was

that improving the education and productive

capacities of women can dynamically affect

family welfare. This was most clearly illustrated in the involvement of the 60 women in the

organic farm and the family plots. Additionally,

more than 300 individuals in their families

improved their daily diets.

Also important to an assessment of this project is an acknowledgement of the effects of

the broader social and economic context on

results. Colombia’s economic crisis of the last

three years has raised the percentage of people living below the poverty line and reduced

the average per capita wage. Studies still

show that women suffer the highest rates of

unemployment nationally. This context has

affected the participants and tempered project

results. 

The project administrators and participants also

highlighted the importance of a broadened world

view, of enhanced self-esteem, of increased civic

commitment and participation and of the development of the ability to work in groups, to think analytically and to respond constructively to the

broader needs of their communities. This was

demonstrated by the continued participation of a

number of these women in the community work of

the Red Fuerza Viva de Mujeres, even after completing their education. 

The more technical, agricultural element of the

project was also successful despite its challenges.

The organic farm and family parcels were developed and gradually improved, through increased

planting and animal production as well as through

an increasingly autonomous administrative structure, in which the women met and voted on how

to best exploit the resources of the farm. Training

courses and hands-on learning methodologies

allowed the relatively inexperienced women to

move toward self-sufficiency through sales of

their agricultural products (crops and animals).

Their families all benefited as well from nutritional produce.
45

The goal of the UPS program was to train 200 leaders. The school worked closely with a number of

key community organizations in designing a curriculum that would build on their experience. This

curriculum covered local development, social management and participatory methodologies.

Instruction was to be facilitated through a decentralized system that involved three regional centers

and a modified cycle of distance-learning, with onsite classes and independent work. This methodology allowed most students to maintain their leadership posts and jobs in their communities. This first

period also involved the initiation of ongoing

teacher training and the creation and maintenance

of an Information Center that specializes in the collection and publication of documents and other

resources on development. While the UPS also set

the goal of creating a student scholarship fund in

conjunction with the Quito Chamber of Commerce,

this objective was not realized due to funding cutbacks by partner institutions. 

Since the first class entered in 1999, 1,250 students

have matriculated into the program over eight

semesters. The students represent the full diversity

of Ecuadorian society, with 7 percent of the students identified as Afro-Latino, 39 percent as

indigenous, and 54 percent as mestizo. The men

and women are equally represented. 

While the number of students is the most obvious

indicator of success, project administrators also

point to such important intangible results as better

self-esteem, a new consciousness of cultural identity, improved communication, greater awareness of

the national social reality and a clearer vision of the

students’ role as actors within that society. They

also highlight the effect of the increase in capable,

local development professional in a country that

struggles with excessive centralization and the concentration of qualified actors in the largest cities. 

ECUADOR

UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA

TRAINING COMMUNITY LEADERS THROUGH DEVELOPMENT-CENTERED EDUCATION

GRANT AMOUNT: $175,000

Background

The Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS), a private university that obtained legal status in 1994, is

recognized in Ecuador as a pioneer in developing

innovative teaching approaches. The central objective of the UPS is to train low-income, ethnically

diverse Ecuadorians in practical skills that will

enable them to achieve a better quality of life for

themselves and for their communities. 

Through consultation with representatives of local

government, community alliances and nongovernmental organizations, the UPS identified a need for

a more systematic approach toward educating and

expanding their community leadership base. The

UPS, therefore, decided to launch a new school of

management and local development within its faculty of human sciences. The aim of this school

would be a ground-breaking training program in

grassroots methodologies that would include strategies, participatory planning and evaluation,

resource mobilization, project management,

accounting, results assessment, conflict management and cultural revitalization. Supported by a

five-year grant from the IAF, the program was set

up in 1997, and the first class of students matriculated in 1999. IAF’s grant was later extended

through January, 2003.

Objectives and Results

In its proposal to the IAF, the UPS identified two

basic objectives in founding the school of management and local development: to train leaders of

community-based organizations, local government

functionaries and elected officials in grassroots

development and to strengthen community-based

organizations through the trained leaders’ application of their newly acquired knowledge and skills.
46

Lessons Learned

One of the important lessons stressed by the

project administrators is the impact of a decentralized approach to education and capacitybuilding. Allowing many of the students in the

program to remain in their home communities

and to continue working in the leadership positions they already hold, minimizes economic

costs and reduces the “brain-drain” often suffered by small communities.

A second key lesson is the long term nature of

human resources development and capacitybuilding. While the school became a reality and

many students enrolled, the real impact of such

a project must be judged over the long term. Its

particular impact on development in Ecuador

and on the local institutions and NGOs it hopes

to reach can only be measured in the practical

changes that such training can effect at the

grassroots.
47

EL SALVADOR

SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA DE EMPRESAS AGROPECUARÍAS DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DE

JOCORO, CORINTO, DIVISADERO Y SOCIEDAD

FACILITATING SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING

GRANT AMOUNT: $278,500

Background

The Sociedad Cooperativa de Empresas

Agropecuarias de los municipos de Jocoro,

Corinto, Divisadero y Sociedad (JOCODIS) was

founded in 1997 to improve the lives of small-scale

farmers by coordinating local development efforts

of its members, which are cooperatives and community organizations. JOCODIS works with its

members, in coordination with the Comité de

Desarrollo Local – Jocoro, to design and carry out

programs addressing local ecological problems,

such as loss of biodiversity and forest degradation,

and the improvement and diversification of agricultural production.

This particular project came about in 1998 in the

aftermath of Hurricane Mitch, which caused severe

damage in Central America. JOCODIS received a

three-year IAF grant, later extended for an additional six months, to assist with post-hurricane

rebuilding efforts and to foster longer-term economic development in the affected areas. Through

training and technical assistance programs,

JOCODIS aimed to strengthen its member organizations and facilitate sustainable alternative production and marketing activities. Activities programmed simultaneously with the training were

expected to lead to a reduction in environmental

deterioration. On a broader scale, JOCODIS hoped

to enable its member organizations to coordinate

more effectively with local governments, government ministries and other nongovernmental organizations. 

Objectives and Results

To achieve the desired results, JOCODIS planned

to train its 1,680 members in 285 workshops for 30

people each, which would cover agro-forestry, soil

conservation and agricultural production techniques. JOCODIS would develop demonstration

plots for the production of bananas, corn, beans,

papaya, cashews and other crops in each of the four

municipalities served. Through organized site visits

to the plots, farmers would be able to witness the

application of new techniques. Another component

of the project was the establishment of a 300,000

tree nursery that included 75,000 trees planted in

each of the municipalities. JOCODIS also proposed

the construction of trenches, barriers and terraces to

prevent soil erosion and improve cultivation. Each

year, the grantee aimed to create four 15-member

ecological clubs that would promote environmental

interest and activity in the project area and facilitate

strategic alliances among member organizations,

municipal governments, nongovernmental organizations and government ministries.

The project succeeded in assisting the Joroco,

Corinto, Divisadero and Sociedad municipalities in

recovering from the great losses caused by the hurricane. A total of 280 training workshops were

completed in the four municipalities. Technical

assistance, direct and indirect employment and the

grantee’s training program reached 19 communities. Nearly 1,200 people participated in the site

visits to demonstration plots. However, some of the

crops suffered the effects of the drought that

plagued the production zone. By the end of the

project, 304,000 fruit (papaya, cashew and

tamarind) and woody tree seedlings had been produced, surpassing the initial goal. Soil conservation

strategies including trenches, barriers, terraces,

stone fencing, and live pine fencing reached project

goals. The adoption of ecologically sound cultivation methods led to an increase in production and

an improvement in the environment. Farmers

ceased using slash-and-burn practices, improving

air quality. In addition to building trenches and terraces, to reduce soil erosion and increase moisture

retention, they diversified crop to become less vul-
48

Lessons Learned

A lesson learned from this project was the possibility of recovering from the devastating

effects of a natural disaster. Although the region

suffered the loss of an entire cropping season,

it re-established its annual crop with improved

seeds and new production techniques acquired

through training. Cultivating one crop per year

was preferable to the increased risk associated

with a second crop cultivated during the winter

season with its unfavorable weather conditions.

The combination of these factors has increased

likelihood of successful harvest when compared

to farm practices before the hurricane. 

As evidence of economic development through

this project, approximately 480 jobs were

improved by the application of soil conservation

methods, which led to the direct improvement

of living conditions. 

Although local environmental protection laws

were nonexistent, the project helped to raise

awareness of the importance of conservation.

The creation of the ecological clubs laid the

foundation for new collaborations between

JOCODIS and several different entities such as

the municipal government, police, health unit

and the Casa de la Cultura. In fact, the project

led to the founding of a new NGO. 

nerable to market fluctuations. All four regions created ecological clubs that currently work with other

regional groups on environmental awareness programs. 
49

GUATEMALA

ASOCIACIÓN DE SALUD Y DESARROLLO RXIIN TNAMET

SUSTAINABLE HEALTH STRATEGIES IN INDIGENOUS GUATEMALA

GRANT AMOUNT: $213,600

Background

The rural municipalities of San Juan La Laguna and

Santa Clara La Laguna are neighboring communities in Sololá, a department with large indigenous

population and, until recently, no official health

presence. Located at a strategic crossroads, they

were a natural fit with the Asociación de Salud y

Desarrollo Rxiin Tnamet (Rxiin), a grassroots

organization that focuses on improving health conditions for women and children in rural indigenous

communities. In 1998, Rxiin’s received an IAF

grant toward implementing this vision in San Juan

La Laguna and Santa Clara La Laguna. Rxiin has

broad experience managing health clinics, training

local volunteers in preventative health education

and organizing local health committees. 

Objectives and Results

Rxiin’s objectives were to provide timely medical

advice and treatment, increase access to low-cost

medicines and laboratory services, and teach its

beneficiaries about prevention, nutrition and other

measures to improve their health. Through trained

volunteers and health committees, the grantee also

aimed to strengthen the communities’ organizational capacity to assess, treat and prevent disease and

to address general health problems.

Through this program, Rxiin wanted to reach 2,400

young children and 1,100 women. Working in partnership with the municipal governments and

Ministry of Health, the grantee would provide services in two clinics, train 100 volunteer community

health educators and help the surrounding villages

set up health committees and pharmacies. It would

also provide the health educators monthly training

on prevention, sanitation, nutrition, and maternal,

prenatal and infant care. 

Rxiin reached 1,630, rather than 2,400, but it

reached 1,400 women, rather than 1,110. The

unplanned inclusion of a number of men in the

services or trainings increased total project beneficiaries by 700. An increase in awareness was

demonstrated when the level of reported child vaccinations and the percentage of women who reported seeking health services for children with a cold

or difficulty breathing both rose by 15 percent. The

percentage of women who reported seeking help

for a child with diarrhea rose by 25 percent. The

program trained 90 health volunteers, organized

three local health committees, equipped six rural

community “medicine chests” with basic medical

supplies and set up two full clinics.
50

Lessons Learned

The project directors and beneficiaries highlighted several lessons learned over the course of

the project:

* NGOs can provide health programs and

infrastructure in underserved rural areas.

* The involvement of a broad cross-section

of community actors, from beneficiaries to

local and national government to private or

social service organizations, is critical to

sustainability in that it allows for efficient

resource management. 

* Although the provision of medical services

pays for itself in part through consultation

and medicinal fees, continued provision

must be subsidized to some degree, as the

majority of the beneficiaries cannot afford to

pay the full cost of the services.

* Health personnel who are respected by the

community, understand its culture and customs, and speak the native language guarantee that quality health services offered

are welcomed and used.
51

HONDURAS

RED NACIONAL DE ALFABETIZACIÓN DE HONDURAS

BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

GRANT AMOUNT: $453,000

Background

Census figures from 1998 show that 34 percent of

Hondurans were illiterate. In rural areas, the figure

surpassed 70 percent, not including those formerly

literate who had fallen out of practice for lack of

reading material. Illiteracy was a problem for farmers and their families trying to interact with buyers.

Illiterates had difficulty participating in a democratic system.

That same year, the Red Nacional de Alfabetización

de Honduras (RNAH) was created when the directors of the 11 organizations (seven of them former

IAF grantees) joined together to improve the coordination and effectiveness of their literacy efforts

through better training of literacy workers. Today,

RNAH is a coordinating committee for a network

of Honduran organizations, most of them active in

literacy work for at least 10 years. 

The RNAH has received two awards from the IAF.

The first was a two-year 1994 grant toward offering

five-week courses in organizing and implementing

literacy projects for approximately 260 workers

from its 11 member organizations; the second, the

subject of this report, was a three-year 1998 grant

toward building and managing 20 community

libraries. 

Objectives and Results

RNAH’s strategy was to form alliances with municipal governments, the private sector and other community organizations. The 20 communities were to

use their respective libraries for literacy training,

youth education and community development activities. Part of the grant funds was for a revolving

loan fund to enable libraries and community microenterprises to generate income for each library’s

operating expenses and to increase income of literacy program participants. Training would be offered

to an estimated 270 community members and leaders in topics such as library management, local

development planning and implementation, and the

development of literacy materials. The grantee also

aimed to organize at least one women’s group per

community for future involvement in the educational and cultural development process. 

Because its members had previously developed

seven libraries, RNAH knew that a high level of

beneficiary commitment and responsibility was crucial to success. The libraries, therefore, would be

built only in communities where a RNAH member

had already completed a literacy/adult education

program, a clear indicator of local interest and

commitment. By project’s end, 18 libraries were

fully functioning; two other libraries had been constructed but had not yet been inaugurated. Not

specifically stated as an original project goal was

the reconstruction of four libraries devastated by

Hurricane Mitch in 1998. The libraries have

become a meeting ground for different community

organizations to plan future development projects.

Students participating in distance-learning have met

at the libraries to attend classes via radio, evidence

of the far-reaching benefits. Of the 20 target communities, 14 benefited from the relationship formed

among librarians, local development groups and the

municipal government.

The training program in library management, planning and organization benefited a total of 720 people, of whom 80 percent actively participate in various community organizations. Roughly 400

women were trained in women’s rights; 60 women

in two of the community groups formed participated actively in a women’s network and became

members of various boards; 80 percent of the

female trainees were involved in other community

projects. 
52

Lessons Learned

Recognizing that a high rate of illiteracy can

hinder local development, the project administrators valued the determination of beneficiaries to seek appropriate support and training.

One lesson learned was that results of literacy

training might take time but strengthened the

project as a whole. 

Women were especially willing to participate in

activities geared toward personal achievement

and community development. 

Although important relationships formed among

beneficiaries, local development groups and

municipal government, local and municipal

authorities do not generally support activities

that focus on education. 

Distances between the communities, communication difficulties and inclement weather may

have delayed implementation of the project but

did not prevent the project from moving forward. 
53

MEXICO

MILPAS DE OAXACA, A.C.

IMPROVING NUTRITION, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, 

MIXTECA ALTA, OAXACA

GRANT AMOUNT: $64,302

Background

Oaxaca is a southern Mexican state where erosion,

deforestation, overgrazing and irregular rainy seasons have made it difficult for farmers to depend on

their own crops for basic nutrition. The excessive

use of chemicals has only hastened the deterioration. Nutritional deficiencies, high infant mortality

rates and discrimination against indigenous people

and women have also prevented rural Oaxacans

from reaching acceptable levels well-being and

quality of life. 

Founded in 1997, Milpas de Oaxaca A.C. (MILPAS) is a nongovernmental organization based in

the city of Oaxaca. MILPAS’ primary objective is

to facilitate capacity-building processes whereby

rural communities improve their quality of life in a

way that enhances community participation in

problem-solving and preserves the natural resources

of the area. The organization manages programs in

community development among the Mixteca

Indians in the zone of Nochixlan as well as along

the coast. MILPAS supports the development of

community projects by organized groups with

material resources, training, technical assistance

and links to other groups. Members of MILPAS

serve community groups as facilitators, consultants

and investigators. 

MILPAS has worked in Mixteca since 1997, supporting and strengthening farmer groups through

training that enables them to plan projects affecting

health, agriculture and the environment. The project

“Nutrición, Salud y Medio Ambiente en

Comunidades Indígenas de la Mixteca Alta de

Oaxaca, Mexico” as originally proposed to the IAF

in 1998 focused on seven communities in the

Coixtlahuacán district. The idea came about after

MILPAS had completed a series of workshops in

natural medicine in coordination with the

Parroquia de Apoala. The initial proposal also

called for the collaboration of two local groups: the

grassroots organization Centro de Desarrollo

Integral Campesino de la Mixteca (CEDICAM), to

provide technical assistance; and the Instituto

Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, to provide nutritional training. Between the submission

and approval of the proposal, MILPAS had limited

contact with the Parroquia whose participation was

unclear. At the same time, the relationship between

CEDICAM and the Parroquia had become so

strained that they no longer wished to work together. Given the falling out and that Parroquia never

defined its position, IAF suspended the grant until

MILPAS’ proposal was formally amended with

respect to beneficiary communities and project

partners. The amendment was approved in January

2002 regarding activities to take place in the coming year. 

Objectives and Results

The main objective of the project was to improve

health, nutrition, food security and natural resource

conservation in forested areas, benefiting 1,200

Mixtecans in seven communities. Activities were

divided between agriculture and health. For the

agriculture component, MILPAS would coordinate

training, technical assistance, production and distribution of educational materials, and the local

media’s promotion in of its activities supporting

reforestation, soil conservation, organic horticulture

and traditional medicine. Local groups would

organize seven community nurseries with a capacity of 2,000 seedlings for distribution among indigenous families. With assistance from the Fondo

Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, the

number of seedlings produced jumped to 155,000

by the end of IAF’s funding. 
54

Lessons Learned

Communication between the beneficiaries and

local partners is crucial, as learned from the difficulties at the outset of the project. MILPAS’ lack

of communication with the parish of Apoala and

the parish’s poor relationship with CEDICAM

caused CEDICAM to abandon the project. Even

without IAF funding, MILPAS could have

planned low-cost activities in Apoala to keep the

project going and prevent the disintegration of

the relationship.

One organization cannot solve all the problems

of a community. Clearly, strong relationships with

municipal authorities were important as were

shared responsibilities. If the authorities were

kept apprised of all aspects of the project, they

were more likely to support it with volunteer

labor and other resources. 

Women were more likely than men to be motivated and organized. They were also more likely

to take on new activities and work together even

without funding. 

Although initially the grantee aimed to train project promoters who would then train families, the

project administrators learned that it was more

realistic and beneficial to train everyone simultaneously. One reason for this was that the promoters would not accurately pass on the information they had learned, perhaps due to inexperience. Rather than teaching, therefore, the promoters would simply reinforce what they learned

and provide follow-up training in the future. 

Long-term progress was more realistic than

immediate results. One year was not sufficient

for groups to be fully functioning on their own.

More time was necessary to achieve group

cohesion and to narrow down the participants to

those truly dedicated to the goals of the project:

confidence, self-esteem, strategic planning, conflict resolution and technical training. Project

administrators should be encouraged to identify

natural leaders who demonstrated exceptional

dedication, communication skills, learning ability

and the willingness to share their knowledge.

Providing those leaders with specific support

would ensure success for the future. 

The grantee aimed to promote the conservation

through reforestation and reduction of the use of

wood as fuel. Toward this end, a goal was to build

100 stoves that did not require firewood; by the end

of the project 94 stoves had been built. Soil conservation techniques included construction of stone and

live barriers. 

The health segment targeted consumption of healthy

and nutritional foods. All participating families

developed individual gardens, and two community

gardens were developed. To increase consumption of

vegetables, and to prolong the time these would be

available to families, courses were offered in food

preparation and canning. A total of 140 women from

the seven communities participated in health activities. These communities also formed community

pharmacies offering basic herbal medicines.

Although the grantee proposed planting medicinal

herbs, that goal was not realized due to cold weather.

Nonetheless the land was prepared for future use. 
55

NICARAGUA

CENTRO DE PROMOCIÓN DEL DESARROLLO LOCAL

DEVELOPING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS AFTER HURRICANE MITCH

GRANT AMOUNT: $300,000

Background

The devastation wreaked upon numerous small

Nicaraguan communities by Hurricane Mitch in

1998 often included a severely weakened local

economy, the destruction of productive resources

and considerable property damage. The Centro de

Promoción del Desarrollo Local (CEPRODEL),

founded as a grassroots support organization in

1989 to provide the poor with assistance in housing, access to public services and microenterprise

development, responded to crisis. CEPRODEL

signed a covenant with the IAF in 1998 to help

local producers in the municipalities of Posoltelga

and Chichigalpa recover from the impact of

Hurricane Mitch and to promote and implement

sustainable economic development. Its proposal

centered on the formation of a local economic

development corporation (LEDC) in each municipality and on a working capital fund extending

loans to small-scale farmers and entrepreneurs for

reviving sustainable cash and subsistence crops. 

Objectives and Results

The principle objective of the LEDC was to bring

municipal authorities together with representatives

from local businesses, community organizations

and residents to address local economic development in each municipality. Once incorporated, the

LEDCs would establish local offices, formulate

local development agendas and train to manage the

fund to be established by CEPRODEL with the

goal of extending approximately 300 small loans

averaging between US$500 and US$700. 

In the first phase of the project, CEPRODEL

planned to train the 75 members of the LEDCs in

participatory planning, credit analysis and financial

management. In a second phase, CEPRODEL

would train 110 local authorities, regional and community leaders and representatives of nongovernmental organization in participatory planning, project formulation and resource management.

CEPRODEL would also develop a radio network to

connect seven municipalities where LEDCs function or are being formed, facilitating communication and support for the nascent institutions.

CEPRODEL was ultimately successful in forming

the LEDCs in both municipalities, which in turn

worked with CEPRODEL on five-year business

plans. The capital fund was created and grew by 24

percent through interest charged. An impressive

530 loans were eventually extended to small producers and entrepreneurs, 77 percent more than

originally envisioned. The new communications

network among the LEDCs connecting the seven

existing sites through radio technology facilitated

these accomplishments. Other successful infrastructure advancements included the acquisition of the

Micro-Bank System financial software as well as

the completion of the training modules in software

operation, savings promotion and business plan

design. 

CEPRODEL and the LEDCs estimate the creation

of 1,980 new jobs between the two municipalities

over the course of the grant. Of the loans, 58 percent were extended to men and 42 percent to

women; this near parity was reflected in participation in the various kinds of training. The grantee

was also able to form important links with private

and public institutions, broadening the impact of

the project. Administrators and beneficiaries point

to a larger effect in terms of a new focus on entrepreneurial thinking within both local government

and the private sector. In both communities, optimism has emerged in the wake of Hurricane Mitch.
56

Lessons Learned

* The model of the Local Economic

Development Corporation has value, even

in areas traditionally isolated and impoverished.

* LEDCs, when successful, can relieve

some of the pressure felt by local governments due to the demands of the more

vulnerable sectors. LEDCs can effectively

contribute to a changing culture of civil

responsibility and innovation.
57

PANAMA

ASOCIACIÓN UNIÓN CAMPESINA NUEVE DE JUNIO

CONNECTING FARMERS AND ARTISANS TO AN EXPANDING ECONOMY

GRANT AMOUNT: $282,594

Background

Asociación Unión Campesina Nueve de Junio

(AUCANJ) is a small-farmer organization founded

in La Pintada, Panama in l992 with the mission of

improving the social and economic conditions of its

members. To that end, AUCANJ has undertaken

programs of agricultural training and technical

assistance with an emphasis on technology, production and marketing, in addition to managing credit

funds to enable small-scale farmers in the organization to increase their own income and hire other

workers. AUCANJ signed a three-year grant agreement with the IAF in March 2000 to expand its

programming through technical assistance, training

and financial credit to 500 low-income residents of

the municipal district. Its approach would be centered on helping these farmers and artisans take

advantage of new opportunities for marketing their

products in the expanding global economy.

Objectives and Results

The principal goal of this project was to increase

employment, income and the technical and administrative skills of the participating farmers and artisans, thereby also strengthening community organizations and incipient micro-enterprises. AUCANJ

would form a partnership with governmental and

local organizations to carry out training, technical

assistance, a credit program and enterprise development. AUCANJ would also coordinate market feasibility studies and provide and help coordinate

short courses on a variety of administrative and

technical themes. AUCANJ would also offer a loan

program providing credit to 150 low-income participants over the course of the project.

The project was fairly successful in meeting or substantially meeting goals. AUCANJ held 17 out of

the 19 workshops planned; 500 participants were

expected, and 490 actually attended. Of these, 42

percent were women and 58 percent men, an

acceptable level of parity. Although the base fund

began at $120,000, interest earned allowed

AUCANJ to extend $207,600 in loans to 150 different projects, mostly agricultural with some commercial and service-oriented approaches. AUCANJ

estimates the projects financed by the loans had

725 direct beneficiaries and 1,450 indirect beneficiaries. Three market studies completed on potential

agricultural industries have already resulted in a

project proposal that will be financed by the

Panamanian Ministry of Agricultural Development.

The grantee failed, however, to form a public-private partnership with local government, which lost

support from the new municipal administration

after the 2000 election. 

In addition to these results, the program also made

progress toward its goal of indirectly strengthening

local community organizations and micro-enterprises. For example, AUCANJ negotiated a series of

technical assistance agreements which will continue

beyond the duration of this IAF grant. Many of

these partner organizations and grassroots groups

have also demonstrated increased enthusiasm for

the goals of this project, as well as a readiness for

future collaboration. 
58

Lessons Learned

* Proposal elements which hinge on government support can be negatively affected

by a change of administration. In the case

of this project, while the previous municipal authorities had heartily supported the

public-private partnership, the new authorities were not interested, and the partnership, as a result, could not be formed. 

* Despite setbacks, the successful transition

from the failed public-private partnership to

an emphasis on the civil society network

highlights the importance of flexibility in

project design and administration. By

working where interest was high and collaboration strong, AUCANJ was able to

make the most of efforts and more efficiently direct resources. 

* Through a design which connected different economic actors and emphasized

learning and capacity-building, AUCANJ

also demonstrated how successful projects have a multiplier effect for their beneficiaries, building a foundation for future

work. 
59

PERU

CENTRO DE ASISTENCIA PROYECTOS Y ESTUDIOS RURALES

STRENGTHENING THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY

GRANT AMOUNT: $135,600

Background

Centro de Asistencia Proyectos y Estudios Rurales

(CAPER) has been working for more than 25 years

to develop and improve the entrepreneurial and technical skills of beekeepers in the Huaura-Sayán, Río

Chico, Supe, Pativilca and Fortaleza valleys of Peru.

Through training in new technological methods, the

organization has strived to improve honey production

techniques. CAPER realized that there was a need for

training and preparation proportionate to the high

number of beekeepers and beehives in the rural

provinces of Huaura and Barranca. Through a grant

awarded by the IAF in July of 2000, CAPER

designed the project titled “Desarrollo Apícola. Una

alternativa de sostenibilidad económica, ambiental y

agrícola en el sector rural de las provincias de

Huaura y Barranca.” The grantee aspired to create a

solid foundation for the industry that would benefit

beekeepers for years to come. Originally planned for

two years, the grant was extended for an additional

six months.

Objectives and Results

The broad objective was to improve the business and

technological skills and organization of rural families

dedicated to beekeeping. Specifically, 470 smallscale farmers and beekeepers from 12 rural communities in Huaura and Barranca would benefit from a

five-pronged strategy: stronger technical skills

through training; a breeding center; the development

of two eucalyptus seedling farms to facilitate pollination; a rotating loan fund to provide working and

investment capital for small-scale operations; and

construction of a honey collection/processing center. 

Intensive four-month courses covered areas such as

basic beekeeping production, business management,

beekeeping sanitation and breeding of queen bees.

Training in techniques tailored to the specific zone

and community was offered to 240 beekeepers.

Aggressive wild bees began killing Italian and

Canadian queen bees imported because of their

ability to produce more honey and consume less of

it. A breeding and beekeeping supply center created

in response was crucial to the success of the project. Although the imported queen bees had difficulty adapting to their new environment, by the end of

the project the breeding center had produced 400

queen bees and a total of 50 beehives. 

The project called for two seedling farms where

beekeeper groups were to plant 150,000 eucalyptus

trees and later distribute the seedlings among themselves. However, workers developed 11 tree nurseries producing 180,000 eucalyptus trees. When

eucalyptus trees are planted near fruit crop fields,

the bees pollinate both and produce a fruity, minty

honey in great demand. Since eucalyptus take at

least eight years to mature, no cross pollination has

taken place yet.

A project goal to extend 470 loans through a rotating fund financed by the grant, reserves and the

loan repayments was not fully reached. The inability of the first group of imported queen bees to

adapt, along with their illnesses, made it difficult to

collect on the loans. Consequently, it was impossible to extend the number of loans originally

planned.

A honey collection and processing center was constructed in Huaura to control and improve the quality of honey produced. The project met its goal of

gathering 23.5 tons of honey. 
60

Lessons Learned

One of the lessons learned over the course of

the project was the importance of collaboration

among different entities to achieve a common

goal. CAPER relied on the assistance of the

Chamber of Commerce of Huaura and other

NGOs in the area; as a result, the project benefited 240 beekeepers in the provinces of

Huaura and Barranca. 

The training provided throughout the course of

the project laid the groundwork for future

growth in the beekeeping industry. The high

number of beekeepers, more than 200, who

applied what they learned on administration

and basic beekeeping practices, indicates the

potential for long-lasting benefits. 

Negative factors can lead to positive results,

as in the case of the queen bees. A breeding

center was necessary to isolate the imported

bees. Although the transition was difficult at

first, since the imported queen bees were not

adapting to their new environment, the resulting high-quality honey eventually benefited the

target communities. 
Appendix A – Selected Additional Tables 

Table A1 - Beneficiaries reporting better living conditions in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 2,150 46% 2,500 54% 4,650 

Bolivia 7,965 48% 8,562 52% 16,527 

Brazil 1,282 49% 1,346 51% 2,628 

Colombia 0 0% 183 100% 183 

Dominican Republic 3,002 44% 3,809 56% 6,811 

Ecuador 1,812 51% 1,714 49% 3,526 

El Salvador 6,653 50% 6,600 50% 13,253 

Guatemala 18,115 45% 22,190 55% 40,305 

Haiti 13 48% 14 52% 27 

Honduras 15,855 36% 27,632 64% 43,487 

Mexico 5,252 49% 5,422 51% 10,674 

Nicaragua 2,564 70% 1,111 30% 3,675 

Panama 1,608 52% 1,481 48% 3,089 

Peru 2,907 51% 2,760 49% 5,667 

Venezuela 20,606 39% 32,581 61% 53,187 

Total 89,784 43% 117,905 57% 207,689 
Table A2 - Beneficiaries whose diet improved in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 189 49% 197 51% 386 

Bolivia 566 53% 512 47% 1,078 

Brazil 1,178 46% 1,361 54% 2,539 

Colombia 0 0% 59 100% 59 

El Salvador 784 66% 398 34% 1,182 

Guatemala 1,103 52% 1,011 48% 2,114 

Honduras 3,124 51% 3,036 49% 6,160 

Mexico 2,958 49% 3,081 51% 6,039 

Nicaragua 1,663 37% 2,811 63% 4,474 

Panama 487 48% 535 52% 1,022 

Peru 683 50% 687 50% 1,370 

Total 12,735 48% 13,688 52% 26,423 

Table A3 - Beneficiaries receiving medical attention in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,040 50% 1,050 50% 2,090 

Ecuador 225 60% 151 40% 376 

El Salvador 92 51% 90 49% 182 

Guatemala 4,149 26% 11,595 74% 15,744 

Honduras 813 43% 1,086 57% 1,899 

Nicaragua 358 52% 329 48% 687 

Peru 113 23% 388 77% 501 

Venezuela 804 53% 714 47% 1,518 

Total 7,594 33% 15,403 67% 22,997 
Table A4a - Beneficiaries acquiring agricultural skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 45 87% 7 13% 52 

Bolivia 891 60% 595 40% 1,486 

Brazil 340 56% 264 44% 604 

Colombia 0 0% 66 100% 66 

Dominican Republic 336 72% 131 28% 467 

Ecuador 726 42% 988 58% 1,714 

El Salvador 1,717 71% 715 29% 2,432 

Guatemala 1,314 53% 1,170 47% 2,484 

Haiti 152 75% 50 25% 202 

Honduras 2,275 62% 1,401 38% 3,676 

Mexico 2,180 67% 1,074 33% 3,254 

Nicaragua 3,211 60% 2,123 40% 5,334 

Panama 957 79% 258 21% 1,215 

Peru 6,672 71% 2,712 29% 9,384 

Venezuela 80 58% 58 42% 138 

Total 20,896 64% 11,612 36% 32,508 

Table A4b - Beneficiaries applying new agricultural skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 150 54% 126 46% 276 

Bolivia 1,141 61% 730 39% 1,871 

Brazil 1,072 58% 792 42% 1,864 

Caribbean 186 55% 155 45% 341 

Colombia 6 2% 257 98% 263 

Dominican Republic 1,730 59% 1,181 41% 2,911 

Ecuador 1,043 57% 777 43% 1,820 

El Salvador 3,726 78% 1,031 22% 4,757 

Guatemala 1,701 52% 1,587 48% 3,288 

Haiti 20 17% 100 83% 120 

Honduras 1,954 52% 1,790 48% 3,744 

Mexico 4,259 75% 1,437 25% 5,696 

Nicaragua 1,444 46% 1,695 54% 3,139 

Panama 844 69% 385 31% 1,229 

Peru 2,812 69% 1,290 31% 4,102 

Venezuela 274 80% 67 20% 341 

Total 22,362 63% 13,400 37% 35,762 
Table A5a - Beneficiaries acquiring manufacturing skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 74 29% 177 71% 251 

Bolivia 562 41% 803 59% 1,365 

Brazil 84 19% 367 81% 451 

Ecuador 18 15% 100 85% 118 

El Salvador 13 16% 66 84% 79 

Guatemala 6 5% 127 95% 133 

Haiti 46 65% 25 35% 71 

Honduras 42 41% 60 59% 102 

Mexico 27 6% 439 94% 466 

Nicaragua 19 35% 36 65% 55 

Panama 118 20% 468 80% 586 

Peru 159 40% 238 60% 397 

Venezuela 89 45% 108 55% 197 

Total 1,257 29% 3,014 71% 4,271 

Table A5b - Beneficiaries applying new manufacturing skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 35 19% 150 81% 185 

Bolivia 541 46% 629 54% 1,170 

Brazil 462 26% 1,336 74% 1,798 

Ecuador 12 7% 152 93% 164 

El Salvador 67 27% 181 73% 248 

Guatemala 11 3% 308 97% 319 

Honduras 157 25% 479 75% 636 

Mexico 77 8% 896 92% 973 

Nicaragua 3 2% 164 98% 167 

Panama 134 15% 767 85% 901 

Peru 207 21% 782 79% 989 

Venezuela 184 92% 16 8% 200 

Total 1,890 24% 5,860 76% 7,750 
Table A6a - Beneficiaries acquiring construction skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Bolivia 358 74% 124 26% 482 

Brazil 88 100% 0 0% 88 

Ecuador 5 25% 15 75% 20 

El Salvador 31 62% 19 38% 50 

Honduras 204 56% 158 44% 362 

Mexico 248 50% 248 50% 496 

Nicaragua 164 33% 331 67% 495 

Panama 274 79% 73 21% 347 

Peru 120 63% 70 37% 190 

Venezuela 47 71% 19 29% 66 

Total 1,539 59% 1,057 41% 2,596 

Table A6b - Beneficiaries applying new construction skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Bolivia 659 80% 163 20% 822 

Brazil 272 75% 89 25% 361 

Dominican Republic 9 75% 3 25% 12 

Ecuador 12 36% 21 64% 33 

El Salvador 210 65% 112 35% 322 

Haiti 4 100% 0 0% 4 

Honduras 1,172 50% 1,174 50% 2,346 

Mexico 211 48% 228 52% 439 

Nicaragua 43 31% 95 69% 138 

Panama 697 67% 349 33% 1,046 

Peru 185 79% 50 21% 235 

Venezuela 32 91% 3 9% 35 

Total 3,506 61% 2,287 39% 5,793 
Table A7a - Beneficiaries acquiring environmental knowledge/skills in 

FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 76 57% 58 43% 134 

Bolivia 382 47% 432 53% 814 

Brazil 681 28% 1,756 72% 2,437 

Colombia 5 4% 110 96% 115 

Costa Rica 41 40% 61 60% 102 

Dominican 

Republic 1,468 49% 1,524 51% 2,992 

Ecuador 2,365 45% 2,913 55% 5,278 

El Salvador 1,857 52% 1,710 48% 3,567 

Guatemala 556 49% 576 51% 1,132 

Honduras 774 51% 757 49% 1,531 

Mexico 3,692 39% 5,859 61% 9,551 

Nicaragua 1,701 67% 831 33% 2,532 

Panama 116 52% 107 48% 223 

Peru 837 71% 337 29% 1,174 

Venezuela 45 19% 190 81% 235 

Total 14,596 46% 17,221 54% 31,817 

Table A7b - Beneficiaries applying new environmental knowledge/skills 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,317 58% 972 42% 2,289 

Bolivia 315 73% 116 27% 431 

Brazil 754 38% 1,230 62% 1,984 

Caribbean 186 55% 155 45% 341 

Colombia 6 2% 273 98% 279 

Costa Rica 200 60% 134 40% 334 

Dominican Republic 20,189 45% 24,301 55% 44,490 

Ecuador 2,314 45% 2,835 55% 5,149 

El Salvador 4,131 53% 3,678 47% 7,809 

Guatemala 899 63% 521 37% 1,420 

Honduras 1,702 50% 1,698 50% 3,400 

Mexico 1,774 44% 2,288 56% 4,062 

Nicaragua 614 31% 1,343 69% 1,957 

Panama 470 68% 220 32% 690 

Peru 457 73% 173 27% 630 

Venezuela 330 41% 483 59% 813 

Total 35,658 47% 40,420 53% 76,078 
Table A8a - Beneficiaries acquiring planning/administrative skills 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 345 51% 336 49% 681 

Bolivia 919 55% 766 45% 1,685 

Brazil 297 32% 619 68% 916 

Colombia 139 29% 346 71% 485 

Costa Rica 106 57% 79 43% 185 

Dominican Republic 55 77% 16 23% 71 

Ecuador 941 41% 1,369 59% 2,310 

El Salvador 1,237 53% 1,113 47% 2,350 

Guatemala 408 34% 787 66% 1,195 

Haiti 111 53% 97 47% 208 

Honduras 933 45% 1,155 55% 2,088 

Mexico 1,871 63% 1,105 37% 2,976 

Nicaragua 100 55% 83 45% 183 

Panama 498 54% 418 46% 916 

Peru 1,050 62% 644 38% 1,694 

Venezuela 41 33% 84 67% 125 

Total 9,051 50% 9,017 50% 18,068 

Table A8b - Beneficiaries applying new planning/administrative skills 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,185 57% 893 43% 2,078 

Bolivia 965 65% 525 35% 1,490 

Brazil 855 34% 1,637 66% 2,492 

Caribbean 238 74% 83 26% 321 

Colombia 172 27% 456 73% 628 

Costa Rica 215 55% 173 45% 388 

Dominican Republic 46 19% 200 81% 246 

Ecuador 1,106 35% 2,023 65% 3,129 

El Salvador 1,197 57% 902 43% 2,099 

Guatemala 672 59% 470 41% 1,142 

Haiti 12 19% 50 81% 62 

Honduras 3,908 30% 8,946 70% 12,854 

Mexico 823 48% 887 52% 1,710 

Nicaragua 74 66% 38 34% 112 

Panama 1,342 59% 916 41% 2,258 

Peru 463 58% 333 42% 796 

Venezuela 18 45% 22 55% 40 

Total 13,291 42% 18,554 58% 31,845 
Table A9a - Beneficiaries acquiring marketing skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 139 59% 97 41% 236 

Bolivia 271 53% 244 47% 515 

Brazil 126 34% 248 66% 374 

Colombia 31 15% 170 85% 201 

Dominican Republic 68 79% 18 21% 86 

Ecuador 342 36% 606 64% 948 

El Salvador 310 56% 246 44% 556 

Guatemala 394 55% 322 45% 716 

Haiti 18 60% 12 40% 30 

Honduras 58 62% 35 38% 93 

Mexico 180 49% 191 51% 371 

Nicaragua 447 48% 489 52% 936 

Panama 44 44% 57 56% 101 

Peru 1,906 81% 441 19% 2,347 

Venezuela 2 100% 0 0% 2 

Total 4,336 58% 3,176 42% 7,512 

Table A9b - Beneficiaries applying new marketing skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,056 69% 475 31% 1,531 

Bolivia 324 54% 274 46% 598 

Brazil 211 44% 271 56% 482 

Caribbean 261 70% 110 30% 371 

Colombia 45 30% 104 70% 149 

Dominican Republic 67 29% 167 71% 234 

Ecuador 69 17% 339 83% 408 

El Salvador 373 57% 277 43% 650 

Guatemala 608 60% 397 40% 1,005 

Haiti 0 0% 11 100% 11 

Honduras 380 24% 1,214 76% 1,594 

Mexico 1,133 75% 369 25% 1,502 

Nicaragua 137 45% 166 55% 303 

Panama 279 37% 473 63% 752 

Peru 456 60% 300 40% 756 

Venezuela 57 76% 18 24% 75 

Total 5,456 52% 4,965 48% 10,421 
Table A10a - Beneficiaries acquiring leadership skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 205 26% 571 74% 776 

Bolivia 226 62% 136 38% 362 

Brazil 267 42% 363 58% 630 

Colombia 14 7% 194 93% 208 

Dominican Republic 348 50% 352 50% 700 

Ecuador 397 40% 602 60% 999 

El Salvador 782 59% 535 41% 1,317 

Guatemala 118 59% 81 41% 199 

Honduras 366 52% 340 48% 706 

Mexico 110 35% 206 65% 316 

Nicaragua 98 56% 76 44% 174 

Panama 68 44% 88 56% 156 

Peru 929 69% 409 31% 1,338 

Venezuela 363 48% 397 52% 760 

Total 4,291 50% 4,350 50% 8,641 

Table A10b - Beneficiaries applying new leadership skills in FY-03 

 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,216 55% 1,011 45% 2,227 

Bolivia 387 63% 229 37% 616 

Brazil 426 46% 509 54% 935 

Colombia 18 7% 224 93% 242 

Costa Rica 93 47% 103 53% 196 

Dominican Republic 793 50% 808 50% 1,601 

Ecuador 65 10% 591 90% 656 

El Salvador 810 60% 536 40% 1,346 

Guatemala 1,324 80% 334 20% 1,658 

Honduras 970 38% 1,585 62% 2,555 

Mexico 55 23% 182 77% 237 

Nicaragua 40 69% 18 31% 58 

Panama 746 57% 572 43% 1,318 

Peru 212 65% 115 35% 327 

Venezuela 299 41% 423 59% 722 

Total 7,454 51% 7,240 49% 14,694 
Table A11a - Beneficiaries acquiring skills related to civic participation 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 272 62% 165 38% 437 

Bolivia 309 51% 302 49% 611 

Brazil 324 42% 450 58% 774 

Colombia 28 14% 169 86% 197 

Costa Rica 255 55% 210 45% 465 

Dominican Republic 86 58% 62 42% 148 

Ecuador 34 53% 30 47% 64 

El Salvador 130 53% 113 47% 243 

Guatemala 1,266 92% 107 8% 1,373 

Haiti 19 41% 27 59% 46 

Honduras 751 36% 1,318 64% 2,069 

Mexico 1,491 63% 876 37% 2,367 

Nicaragua 233 55% 194 45% 427 

Panama 229 62% 138 38% 367 

Peru 219 34% 421 66% 640 

Total 5,646 55% 4,582 45% 10,228 

Table A11b - Beneficiaries applying new skills related to civic participation 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 377 47% 417 53% 794 

Bolivia 200 68% 93 32% 293 

Brazil 312 38% 514 62% 826 

Colombia 44 17% 220 83% 264 

Costa Rica 324 61% 206 39% 530 

Dominican Republic 173 48% 190 52% 363 

Ecuador 136 23% 457 77% 593 

El Salvador 472 66% 245 34% 717 

Guatemala 1,037 96% 40 4% 1,077 

Honduras 1,147 37% 1,928 63% 3,075 

Mexico 81 45% 98 55% 179 

Nicaragua 181 55% 150 45% 331 

Panama 508 57% 389 43% 897 

Peru 131 48% 143 52% 274 

Venezuela 78 100% 0 0% 78 

Total 5,201 51% 5,090 49% 10,291 
Table A12a - Beneficiaries acquiring knowledge of the legal system 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 225 67% 109 33% 334 

Bolivia 415 55% 343 45% 758 

Brazil 59 53% 53 47% 112 

Colombia 12 11% 101 89% 113 

Costa Rica 35 66% 18 34% 53 

Dominican Republic 3 12% 23 88% 26 

Ecuador 375 69% 172 31% 547 

El Salvador 11 32% 23 68% 34 

Guatemala 125 83% 26 17% 151 

Honduras 105 41% 154 59% 259 

Mexico 104 51% 100 49% 204 

Nicaragua 31 40% 47 60% 78 

Panama 43 38% 71 62% 114 

Peru 66 50% 66 50% 132 

Venezuela 82 80% 21 20% 103 

Total 1,691 56% 1,327 44% 3,018 

Table A12b - Beneficiaries applying new knowledge of the legal 

system in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 105 79% 28 21% 133 

Bolivia 214 62% 131 38% 345 

Brazil 59 59% 41 41% 100 

Colombia 16 22% 57 78% 73 

Costa Rica 147 76% 46 24% 193 

Ecuador 608 53% 538 47% 1,146 

El Salvador 143 58% 105 42% 248 

Guatemala 335 100% 1 0% 336 

Honduras 250 28% 641 72% 891 

Mexico 116 45% 140 55% 256 

Nicaragua 11 61% 7 39% 18 

Panama 58 24% 180 76% 238 

Peru 5 42% 7 58% 12 

Total 2,067 52% 1,922 48% 3,989 
Table A13a - Beneficiaries acquiring financial knowledge/skills 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 134 54% 115 46% 249 

Bolivia 362 72% 140 28% 502 

Brazil 54 29% 134 71% 188 

Dominican 

Republic 13 100% 0 0% 13 

Ecuador 376 50% 383 50% 759 

El Salvador 458 59% 320 41% 778 

Guatemala 420 37% 712 63% 1,132 

Honduras 79 36% 143 64% 222 

Mexico 3,890 12% 28,784 88% 32,674 

Nicaragua 496 42% 685 58% 1,181 

Panama 339 78% 97 22% 436 

Peru 69 59% 47 41% 116 

Venezuela 39 98% 1 3% 40 

Total 6,729 18% 31,561 82% 38,290 

Table A13b - Beneficiaries applying new financial knowledge/skills 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 1,249 67% 615 33% 1,864 

Bolivia 2,037 74% 719 26% 2,756 

Brazil 158 48% 173 52% 331 

Caribbean 575 92% 53 8% 628 

Colombia 1 4% 22 96% 23 

Dominican Republic 13 7% 163 93% 176 

Ecuador 300 31% 674 69% 974 

El Salvador 485 54% 410 46% 895 

Guatemala 500 38% 827 62% 1,327 

Honduras 177 17% 877 83% 1,054 

Mexico 5,617 14% 34,914 86% 40,531 

Nicaragua 92 44% 118 56% 210 

Panama 371 51% 351 49% 722 

Peru 52 78% 15 22% 67 

Total 11,627 23% 39,931 77% 51,558 
Table A14a - Beneficiaries acquiring knowledge of the political system 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 225 67% 109 33% 334 

Bolivia 156 68% 73 32% 229 

Brazil 64 61% 41 39% 105 

Colombia 3 2% 153 98% 156 

Ecuador 39 27% 106 73% 145 

El Salvador 119 74% 41 26% 160 

Honduras 127 65% 69 35% 196 

Mexico 203 60% 136 40% 339 

Peru 60 12% 450 88% 510 

Total 996 46% 1,178 54% 2,174 

Table A14b - Beneficiaries applying new knowledge of the political 

system in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 100 81% 23 19% 123 

Bolivia 133 78% 38 22% 171 

Brazil 139 39% 222 61% 361 

Colombia 0 0% 84 100% 84 

Ecuador 16 59% 11 41% 27 

El Salvador 24 4% 560 96% 584 

Guatemala 126 100% 0 0% 126 

Honduras 798 37% 1,332 63% 2,130 

Mexico 34 41% 49 59% 83 

Panama 214 45% 260 55% 474 

Venezuela 2 100% 0 0% 2 

Total 1,586 38% 2,579 62% 4,165 
Table A15a - Beneficiaries acquiring knowledge related to health 

in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 15 20% 60 80% 75 

Bolivia 117 40% 178 60% 295 

Brazil 0 0% 15 100% 15 

Colombia 0 0% 6 100% 6 

Dominican Republic 10 25% 30 75% 40 

Ecuador 9 17% 45 83% 54 

El Salvador 72 36% 128 64% 200 

Guatemala 1,827 20% 7,398 80% 9,225 

Honduras 717 43% 953 57% 1,670 

Mexico 594 24% 1,840 76% 2,434 

Nicaragua 240 40% 364 60% 604 

Peru 432 35% 806 65% 1,238 

Venezuela 117 50% 119 50% 236 

Total 4,150 26% 11,942 74% 16,092 

Table A15b - Beneficiaries applying new knowledge related to 

health in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 0 0% 8 100% 8 

Bolivia 6 29% 15 71% 21 

Brazil 10 10% 89 90% 99 

Colombia 0 0% 35 100% 35 

Ecuador 0 0% 10 100% 10 

El Salvador 1,316 47% 1,513 53% 2,829 

Guatemala 2,918 34% 5,607 66% 8,525 

Haiti 2 100% 0 0% 2 

Honduras 556 30% 1,286 70% 1,842 

Mexico 654 30% 1,560 70% 2,214 

Nicaragua 138 13% 915 87% 1,053 

Panama 20 67% 10 33% 30 

Peru 61 33% 122 67% 183 

Total 5,681 34% 11,170 66% 16,851 
Table A16 - Beneficiaries acquiring knowledge/skills toward 

 the prevention of domestic violence, sexual abuse and drug use 

 in FY-03 

 

Country Men % Women % Total 

Argentina 46 24% 142 76% 188 

Bolivia 43 41% 63 59% 106 

Brazil 38 33% 78 67% 116 

Colombia 4 8% 49 92% 53 

Dominican Republic 97 19% 415 81% 512 

Ecuador 30 94% 2 6% 32 

El Salvador 57 29% 140 71% 197 

Guatemala 0 0% 52 100% 52 

Honduras 810 32% 1,715 68% 2,525 

Mexico 395 45% 474 55% 869 

Peru 29 26% 83 74% 112 

Venezuela 76 88% 10 12% 86 

Total 1,625 34% 3,223 66% 4,848 
Table A17a - Resources mobilized from international sources in FY-03

International

Businesses Public sector Private organizations Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kin

Argentina $58 $0 $0 $0 $38,700 $0 $0 $1,666 $38,758 $1,6Bolivia $0 $0 $25,300 $0 $279,897 $2,100 $0 $0 $305,197 $2,Brazil $33,143 $32,065 $0 $0 $70,431 $0 $0 $0 $103,574 $32,0Colombia $0 $18,950 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $18,9Costa Rica $0 $400 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $600 $0 $1,0Dominican Republic $0 $0 $0 $1,200 $0 $0 $0 $2,855 $0 $4,0Ecuador $0 $10,000 $64,200 $160,000 $68,959 $1,200 $681,636 $2,000 $814,795 $173,2El Salvador $0 $0 $0 $0 $190,252 $50 $148,279 $0 $338,531 $Guatemala $0 $1,235 $10,389 $58,712 $21,706 $59,346 $0 $2,703 $32,095 $121,9Haiti $0 $0 $0 $0 $80,250 $6,000 $0 $0 $80,250 $6,0Honduras $0 $0 $0 $1,188 $361,067 $155,818 $5,000 $5,000 $366,067 $162,0Mexico $0 $0 $60,000 $0 $197,400 $0 $14,539 $0 $271,939 Nicaragua $7,470 $784 $0 $0 $151,214 $4,500 $350 $0 $159,034 $5,2Panama $0 $0 $13,650 $5,852 $4,850 $27,078 $35,903 $3,300 $54,403 $36,2Peru $0 $0 $0 $6,850 $21,850 $100 $6,000 $7,500 $27,850 $14,4Venezuela $0 $0 $0 $0 $8,407 $0 $0 $9,000 $8,407 $9,0

Total $40,671 $63,434 $173,539 $233,802 $1,494,982 $256,192 $891,707 $34,624 $2,600,898 $588,0

Country
Table A17b - Resources brokered from international sources in FY-03

Country International

Businesses Public sector Private non-profit 

organizations Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind

Argentina $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,000 $0 $0 $0 $5,000 $0Bolivia $1,000 $0 $100 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,100 $0Brazil $0 $350 $0 $0 $150,942 $0 $0 $0 $150,942 $350Colombia $0 $2,414 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $6,000 $0 $8,414Ecuador $0 $0 $0 $25,000 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $25,000El Salvador $0 $0 $1,100 $0 $0 $4,834 $12,600 $30,228 $13,700 $35,062Guatemala $0 $0 $0 $15,063 $2,727 $53,265 $0 $11,598 $2,727 $79,927Haiti $260 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $260 $10,000Honduras $0 $0 $0 $14,286 $184,066 $5,571 $0 $0 $184,066 $19,857Mexico $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $58,700 $0 $58,700 $0Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,600 $0 $4,600 $0Panama $0 $0 $420 $4,596 $0 $0 $0 $0 $420 $4,596Peru $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $13,700 $7,000 $0 $9,000 $13,700

Total $3,260 $12,764 $1,620 $58,945 $352,735 $77,370 $82,900 $47,826 $440,515 $196,905
Table A18a - Resources mobilized from nonlocal domestic sources in FY-03

Domestic

Businesses Public sector Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind

Argentina $102,185 $45,286 $0 $19,361 $56,788 $103,954 $158,973 $168,600Bolivia $9,500 $0 $10,000 $1,800 $0 $100 $19,500 $1,900Brazil $33,318 $1,494 $25,565 $1,646 $8,998 $23,121 $67,881 $26,261Caribbean $0 $0 $0 $10,063 $0 $0 $0 $10,063Colombia $21,552 $0 $0 $517 $10,000 $0 $31,552 $517Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $38,061 $0 $0 $0 $38,061Dominican Republic $0 $128 $0 $7,368 $0 $187 $0 $7,683Ecuador $0 $0 $80,000 $11,000 $1,918 $1,000 $81,918 $12,000El Salvador $0 $714 $61,552 $10,754 $0 $395 $61,552 $11,863Guatemala $0 $15,935 $71,787 $12,794 $0 $8,804 $71,787 $37,533Haiti $0 $36,310 $0 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $38,810Honduras $0 $0 $0 $142,971 $42,045 $515 $42,045 $143,486Mexico $285,524 $18,734 $1,604,990 $13,850 $97,812 $5,079 $1,988,326 $37,663Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $11,417 $1,283 $1,348 $1,283 $12,765Panama $58,742 $15,050 $870 $7,480 $15,555 $250 $75,167 $22,780Peru $0 $5,000 $20,514 $375 $0 $1,475 $20,514 $6,850Venezuela $0 $700 $91,875 $15,719 $0 $1,000 $91,875 $17,419

Total $510,820 $139,351 $1,967,153 $307,677 $234,398 $147,227 $2,712,372 $594,255

Country
Table A18b - Resources brokered from nonlocal domestic sources in FY-03

National

Businesses Public sector Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind

Argentina $70,000 $0 $70,000 $0 $0 $0 $140,000 $0Bolivia $14,405 $0 $630 $0 $28,000 $3,223 $43,035 $3,223Brazil $658,505 $393 $0 $1,100 $524 $0 $659,030 $1,493Colombia $0 $0 $0 $1,307 $0 $0 $0 $1,307Ecuador $0 $0 $30,000 $28,500 $0 $0 $30,000 $28,500El Salvador $36,893 $28,870 $14,403 $105,938 $2,088 $7,358 $53,384 $142,166Guatemala $5,000 $5,000 $20,231 $18,075 $3,377 $0 $28,608 $23,075Honduras $1,114 $4,654 $0 $20,294 $0 $342 $1,114 $25,290Mexico $0 $0 $391,644 $193,267 $0 $953 $391,644 $194,220Panama $0 $0 $1,400 $8,000 $0 $0 $1,400 $8,000Peru $500 $0 $600 $36,399 $450 $7,600 $1,550 $43,999Venezuela $12,375 $12,375 $0 $0 $0 $0 $12,375 $12,375

Total $798,792 $51,292 $528,908 $412,880 $34,439 $19,476 $1,362,139 $483,649

Country
Table A19a - Resources mobilized from local sources in FY-03

Local

Businesses Public sector Communities Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind

Argentina $7,640 $1,812 $27,000 $10,935 $4,554 $64,028 $6,070 $9,773 $45,265 $86,5Bolivia $722 $450 $8,557 $5,686 $472 $90 $41 $0 $9,792 $6,2Brazil $2,214 $340 $8,776 $5,060 $16,910 $95,709 $1,740 $9,213 $29,639 $110,3Colombia $0 $5,120 $0 $29,646 $0 $247,383 $0 $29,551 $0 $311,7Costa Rica $0 $0 $0 $7,355 $200 $0 $0 $0 $200 $7,3Dominican Republic $0 $687 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $6Ecuador $0 $1,700 $12,000 $238,684 $2,123 $12,537 $0 $2,770 $14,123 $255,6El Salvador $0 $0 $354 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,342 $354 $1,3Guatemala $0 $0 $0 $9,622 $0 $22,683 $0 $5,534 $0 $37,8Haiti $1,882 $13,676 $0 $0 $0 $1,500 $0 $0 $1,882 $15,1Honduras $0 $0 $0 $5,223 $0 $4,106 $0 $2,345 $0 $11,6Mexico $39,215 $55,034 $49,496 $11,227 $900 $0 $8,744 $4,215 $98,354 $70,4Nicaragua $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,013 $0 $10,0Panama $0 $1,871 $75 $65,622 $180 $34,879 $19,737 $0 $19,992 $102,3Peru $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,402 $0 $375 $0 $10,7Venezuela $0 $0 $0 $23,314 $300 $1,404 $625 $0 $925 $24,7

Total $51,673 $80,690 $106,258 $412,374 $25,639 $494,721 $36,956 $75,131 $220,526 $1,062,9

Country
Table A19b - Resources brokered from local sources in FY-03

Local

Businesses Public sector Communities Other sources Total

Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind Cash In-kind

Argentina $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,333 $0 $5,333Bolivia $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $0 $1,000Brazil $0 $0 $3,330 $0 $7,151 $30,532 $0 $0 $10,481 $30,532Colombia $0 $0 $0 $21,184 $1,207 $151,797 $0 $14,932 $1,207 $187,913Ecuador $0 $1,600 $0 $207,030 $0 $211,289 $0 $0 $0 $419,919El Salvador $13,844 $200 $58,040 $963 $857 $21,733 $0 $600 $72,741 $23,495Guatemala $0 $0 $0 $7,561 $14,532 $42,573 $4,091 $200 $18,623 $50,334Honduras $0 $0 $15,336 $0 $0 $4,458 $0 $0 $15,336 $4,458Mexico $0 $5,138 $175,747 $68,063 $128,590 $13,783 $0 $8,157 $304,337 $95,141Panama $0 $690 $0 $0 $0 $3,288 $0 $0 $0 $3,978Peru $0 $217 $8,700 $37,928 $570 $17,628 $1,573 $0 $10,843 $55,773

Total $13,844 $7,845 $261,154 $342,729 $152,907 $497,082 $5,664 $30,222 $433,568 $877,877

Country
Table A20 - Dissemination activities in FY-03

Dissemination practices and techniques used by grantees

Pamphlets/brochures Books Videos

Produced Distributed Written Distributed Made D

Argentina 23 324 10 2,979 5 217 3 450 1 Bolivia 3 23 27 7,855 2 6 3 447 1 Brazil 340 74 28 39,330 50 87 0 0 7 Caribbean 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Colombia 137 10 1 1,000 7 19 3 2,900 2 Dominican Republic 13 25 59 23,729 1 0 0 0 0 Ecuador 39 31 21 500 4 84 0 0 2 El Salvador 12 11 19 11,285 3 5 0 0 0 Guatemala 27 38 8 225 1 2 0 0 0 Haiti 8 0 4 3,700 0 0 1 500 2 Honduras 157 255 7 15,360 23 1 0 0 4 Mexico 133 60 37 126,940 8 66 6 711 10 Panama 42 22 4 4,300 8 3 0 0 0 Peru 32 62 63 4,811 19 58 0 0 1 Venezuela 25 14 14 4,115 2 4 0 0 3 

Total 991 949 302 246,129 135 552 16 5,008 33 

News 

releases

Country Speeches/ 

presentations

Radio/TV 

interviews Articles

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