1

- i CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS .............................................................. 1-1

1.3 OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT STANDARDS 1-2

1.3.1 Definitions

................................ ................................ ............................................ 1-3

1.3.2 Rulemaki ng History ............................................................................................. 1-3

1.3.2.1 Standards Prescribed by Statute ............................................................... 1-4

1.3.2.2 Standards Established by Rulemaking ..................................................... 1-4

1.3.3 Current Energy Conservation Standards .............................................................. 1-6

1.3.4 Framework and Analysis Methodology ............................................................... 1-8

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ............................................................................ 1-9

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.3.1 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Standards Prescribed by EPCA – Effective January 1, 2010 .................................................................................................... 1-7 Table 1.3.2 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Standards Established in the 2009 Final Rule – Effective January 1, 2012 .................................................................................... 1-7 Table 1.3.3 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Analyses ...................................................... 1-81

- 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUM ENT

This preliminary technical support document (TSD) is a stand- alone report that documents the technical analyses and results in support of the information presented in the preliminary analysis for establishing energy conservation standards for self -contained commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator

- freezers; remote condensing commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator

- freezers; commercial ice

- cream freezers; and self

contained commercial refrigerators with transparent doors designed for pull-down applications.

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS

Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA or the Act)

, Pub. L. 94-163, as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 (NECPA),

Pub. L. 95-619; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA), Pub. L. 100-12; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (NAECA 1988),

Pub. L. 100-357; and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT 1992), Pub. L. 102-486, established the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products other than Automobiles. (42 U.S.C. 6291–6309) Part 3 of Title IV of NECPA amended EPCA to add Part A-1 of Title III, which established an energy conservation program for c ertain industrial equipment. a (42 U.S.C. 6311–6317) EPACT 1992 included amendments to EPCA that expanded Tit le III to include additional commercial equipment. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), Pub. L. 109-58, updated several existing standards and test procedures; prescribes definitions, standards, and test procedures for certain new consumer products and commercial equipment; and mandates that the Secretary of Energy (the Secretary) commence rulemakings to develop test procedures and standards for certain new consumer products and commercial equipment.

The U.S. Department of Energy ( DO E) is required to design each standard for this equipment to (1) achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified, and (2) result in significant conservation of energy. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) and (o)(3), 42 U.S.C. 6313(f)(4)(A); see 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(A) and (o)(3)(B)) To determine whether a proposed standard is economically justified, DOE will, after receiving comments on the proposed standard, determine whether the benefits of the standard exceed its burdens to the greatest extent practicable, considering the following seven factors:

1. The economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and on the consumers of the products subject to such standard;

2. The savings in operating costs throu ghout the estimated average life of the covered product in the type (or class) compared to any increase in the price of, or in the initial charges for maintenance expenses of, the covered products which are likely to result from the imposition of the stand ard;

a This part was originally titled Part C. However, it was redesignated Part A

- 1 after Part B of Title III of EPCA was repealed by Pub. L. 109

- 58.1

- 2 3. The total projected amount of energy savings likely to result directly from the imposition of the standard;

4. Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the covered products likely to result from the imposition of the standard;

5. The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the Attorney General, that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard;

6. The need for national energy conservation; and

7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant.

( See 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i); 6313(f))

For commercial refrigeration equipment, DOE is applying those factors in a manner consistent with its other energy conservation standards rulemakings to ascertain the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is t echnologically feasible and economically justified for this equipment.

1.3 OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION EQU IPMENT

STANDARDS

EPACT 2005 included amendments to EPCA that updated several existing standards and test procedures; prescribed definitions, standards, and test procedures for certain new consumer products and commercial equipment; and mandated that DOE commence rulemakings to develop test procedures and standards for certain new consumer products and commercial equipment. With respect to the stand ards for commercial refrigeration equipment, EPCA, as amended by EPACT 2005, also states that:

(A) Not later than January 1, 2013, the Secretary shall issue a final rule to

determine whether the standards established under this subsection should be

amended. (B) Not later than 3 years after the effective date of any amended standards under subparagraph (A) or the publication of a final rule determining that the standards should not be amended, the Secretary shall issue a final rule to determine whether the standards established under this subsection or the amended standards, as applicable, should be amended. (C) If the Secretary issues a final rule under subparagraph (A) or (B) establishing amended standards, the final rule shall provide that the amended standards apply to products manufactured on or after the date that is – (i) 3 years after the date on which the final amended standard is published; or (ii) if the Secretary determines, by rule, that 3 years is inadequate, not later than 5 years after the d ate on which the final rule is published.

42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(5)1

- 3 1.3.1 Definitions

Section 136(a)(3) of EPACT 2005 amended section 340 of EPCA by inserting definitions for the following terms that describe commercial refrigeration equipment:

(9)(A) The term “ commercial refrigerator, freezer, and refrigerator

- freezer ” means refrigeration equipment that

— (i) is not a consumer product (as defined in section 321); (ii) is not designed and marketed exclusively for medical, scientific, or research

purposes; (iii) operates at a chilled, frozen, combination chilled and frozen, or variable

temperature; (iv) displays or stores merchandise and other perishable materials horizontally,

semi

- vertically, or vertically; (v) has transparent or solid doors, sliding or hinged doors, a combination of hinged, sliding, transparent, or solid doors, or no doors; (vi) is designed for pull-down temperature applications or holding temperature applications; and (vii) is connected to a self -contained condensing unit or to a remote condens ing

unit. (B) The term “ holding temperature application ” means a use of commercial refrigeration equipment other than a pull-down temperature application, except a

blast chiller or freezer.

* * * (D) The term “pull- down temperature application ” means a commercial refrigerator with doors that, when fully loaded with 12 ounce beverage cans at 90 degrees F, can cool those beverages to an average stable temperature of 38 degrees F in 12 hours or less. (E) The term “remote condensing unit” means a factory

- made assembly of refrigerating components designed to compress and liquefy a specific refrigerant that is remotely located from the refrigerated equipment and consists of one or more refrigerant compressors, refrigerant condensers, condenser fans and moto rs, and factory supplied accessories. (F) The term ” self -contained condensing unit” means a factory

- made assembly of refrigerating components designed to compress and liquefy a specific refrigerant that is an integral part of the refrigerated equipment and consists of one or more refrigerant compressors, refrigerant condensers, condenser fans and motors, and factory supplied accessories.

42 USC 6311(9)

1.3.2 Rulemaking History

Two subsets of commercial refrigeration equipment standards currently exist: standards prescribed by EPACT 2005 for certain equipment, and standards established by DOE for other equipment.1

- 4 1.3.2.1 Standards Prescribed by Statute

Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005 amended EPCA to prescribe energy consumption standards for self-contained equipment consisting of refrigerators with solid doors, refrigerators with transparent doors, freezers with solid doors, freezers with transparent doors,refrigerator/freezers with solid doors, and refrigerators with transparent doors designed for pulldown temperature appl ications. (42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(1– 3)) These standards became effective on January 1, 2010. See Table 1.3.1 in section 1.3.3

.

1.3.2.2 Standards Established by Rulemaking

Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005 also amended EPCA to mandate that DOE set standards for the following additional categories of equipment: ice- cream freezers; self

- contained commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator -freezers without doors; and remote condensing commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator -freezers. (42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(4)(A)) DOE undertook a rulemaking process beginning in April 2006, when it published

the Rulemaking Framework for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Including Ice- Cream Freezers; Self -Contained Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezerswithout doors; and Remote Condensing Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and RefrigeratorFreezers . That framework described the procedural and analytical approaches DOE anticipated using to evaluate the establishment of energy conservation standards for these types of commercial refrigeration equip ment. This document is available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/comml_refrig_fra mework.pdf

DOE held a public meeting on May 16, 2006 to discuss procedural and analytical approaches to the rulemaking, and to inform and facilitate the involvement of interested parties in the rulemaking process. The analytical framework presented at the public meet ing described different analyses, such as the engineering analysis and the life

- cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) analyses, the methods proposed for conducting them, and the relationships among the various analyses.

After the analytical framework public meeting, as part of the information gathering and sharing process for the preliminary manufacturer impact analysis (MIA), DOE organized and held interviews with commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturers. DOE selected companies that represente d production of all types of equipment covered by the rulemaking, ranging from small to large manufacturers, and included both Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) b member companies and non- ARI member companies. DOE had four objectives for these interviews: (1) solicit feedback on the draft engineering analysis (including methodology, production costs, manufacturing processes, and findings); (2) solicit feedback on topics related to the preliminary MIA; (3) provide an opportunity, early in the rulemaking process, for these manufacturers to express specific concerns to DOE; and (4) foster cooperation between the manufacturers and DOE.

b On January 1, 2008, t he Air

- Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) merged to become the Air

- Conditioning, Heating

, and Refrigeration Institute ( AHRI ), to represent the interests of cooling, heating, and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturers.1

- 5 DOE developed a preliminary engineering analysis to estimate the cost of manufacturing equipment at efficiencie s above the baseline levels. DOE also developed spreadsheets to conduct the LCC, PBP, and national impact analysis (NIA). The LCC spreadsheet calculates national

distributions of LCC savings at various energy efficiency levels above the baseline. It can al so provide LCC savings based on typical input values for several business types that use commercial refrigeration equipment. The NIA spreadsheet calculates the national energy savings (NES) and national net present values (NPVs) at various energy efficienc y levels. It also includes a model that forecasts shipments for the various equipment classes of commercial refrigeration equipment at different efficiency levels.

In July 2007, DOE published an a dvance n otice of proposed rulemaking (ANOPR) for

c ommercial r efrigeration equipment including i ce -c ream f reezers; s elf -contained c ommercial

r efrigerators, f reezers, and r efrigerator -freezers without doors; and r emote condensing

c ommercial r efrigerators, f reezers, and r efrigerator -f reezers . 72 FR 41162 (July 26, 2007). In that ANOPR, DOE considered establishing energy conservation standards for these types of commercial refrigeration equipment and announced a public meeting to receive comments on a variety of issues. This document is available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/comml_refrig_ano pr_072607.pdf

.

DOE held a public meeting on August 23, 2007 to provide interested parties the opportunity to comment on the proposed equipment classes DOE was considering; the analytical framework, models, and tools ( e.g. , LCC and NES spreadsheets) that DOE had developed to perform analyses of the impacts of potential energy conservation standards; the results of the preliminary analyses; and the candidate energy conservation standard levels.

After the publication of the ANOPR and the presentation of the ANOPR to interested parties at the public meeting, DOE conducted additional interviews with commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturers as part of its development of the MIA for the notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR). There were 13 general topics discussed during each of the interviews: (1) general key issues; (2) company overview and organizational characteristics; (3) company financial parameters; (4) production cost breakdown; (5) shipment projections and

market sha res; (6) equipment mixes; (7) conversion costs; (8) markups and profitability; (9) cumulative regulatory burden; (10) exports, foreign competition, and outsourcing; (11) direct employment impact assessment; (12) market consolidation; and (13) baseline products and different design options.

Based on findings from the preliminary engineering, analyses (LCC, NES, and NIA), and public comments provided in response to the ANOPR, DOE updated these analyses. In updating these analyses, DOE reviewed the recommenda tions made on April 21, 1998 by the Advisory Committee on Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards. (Advisory Committee, No. 96) c DOE’s analysis implemented recommendations related to (1) defining a range of energy price futures for

c Advisory Committee, No. 96 refers to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards and is available for inspection at the U.S. Department of Energy, 950 L’Enfant Plaza SW.,

S uite 600, Washington, DC, 20024 (Resource Room ) in the file under “Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Procedures for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Products,” RIN [1904

– AA83], as document number 9 6.1

- 6 each fuel used in the econ omic analyses; and (2) defining a range of primary energy conversion factors and associated emission reductions based on the generation of energy and emissions that would be displaced by energy efficiency standards for each rulemaking. In addition, DOE

per formed additional analyses assessing impacts on national employment, consumer subgroups, utilities, and the environment. DOE also developed analysis of alternatives to efficiency standard regulations.

On August 25, 2008, DOE published a NOPR for c ommercial r efrigeration equipment including i ce -c ream f reezers; s elf -contained c ommercial r efrigerators, f reezers, and r efrigerator

freezers without doors; and r emote condensing c ommercial r efrigerators, f reezers, and

r efrigerator -f reezers , to propose energy conser vation standards for these types of commercial refrigeration equipment, and to announce a public meeting to receive comments on a variety of

issues. 73 FR 50072. This document is available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/cre_nopr_fr_final. pdf

.

DOE held a public meeting on September 23, 2008 to provide interested parties the opportunity to comment on the proposed standards, results of the analyses and the trial standard levels (TSLs).

After the publication of the NOPR and the presentation of the NOPR to interested parties at the public meeting, DOE received more than 100 comments from a diverse set of par ties, including manufacturers and their representatives, trade associations, wholesalers and distributors, energy conservation advocates, and electric utilities. Comments addressed DOE methodology, the information DOE used in its analyses, results of and i nferences drawn from the analyses, impacts of standards, the merits of the different TSLs, standards options DOE considered and other issues affecting adoption of standards for commercial refrigeration equipment.

DOE considered these comments in developing a final rule for commercial refrigeration equipment, published on January 9, 2009. 74 FR 1092 (herein referred to as the “2009 rulemaking” and the “2009 final rule,” respectively). The 2009 rulemaking established standards

for ice

- cream freezers; self

- contained commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator

freezers without doors; and remote condensing commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator -freezers, which will become effective in January 1, 2012.

1.3.3 Current Energy Conservation Standards

Table 1.3.1 and Table 1.3.2 show the current standards for the two subsets of commercial refriger ation equipment.1

- 7 Table 1.3.1 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Standards Prescribed by EPCA

– Effective January 1, 2010

Category Maximum D aily E nergy C onsumption kWh/day * Refrigerators with solid doors 0.10 V + 2.04 Refrigerators with transparent doors 0.12 V + 3.34

Freezers with solid doors 0.40 V + 1.38 Freezers with transparent doors 0.75 V + 4.10 Refrigerators/freezers with solid doors the greater of 0.27 AV

- 0.71 or 0.70

Self

- contained refrigerators with transparent doors designed for pull

- down temperature applications 0.126V + 3.51

* kilowatt

- hours per day

Table 1.3.2 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Standards Established in the 2009 Final

Rule – Effective January 1, 2012

Equipment

Class * Standard Level **, †

kWh/day Equipment

Class Standard Level **, †

kWh/day

VOP.RC.M 0.82 × TDA + 4.07 VCT.RC.I 0.66 × TDA + 3.05

SVO.RC.M 0.83 × TDA + 3.18 HCT.RC.M 0.16 × TDA + 0.13

HZO.RC.M 0.35 × TDA + 2.88 HCT.RC.L 0.34 × TDA + 0.26

VOP.RC.L 2.27 × TDA + 6.85 HCT.RC.I 0.4 × TDA + 0.31

HZO.RC.L 0.57 × TDA + 6.88 VCS.RC.M 0.11 × V + 0.26

VCT.RC.M 0.22 × TDA + 1.95 VCS.RC.L 0.23 × V + 0.54

VCT.RC.L 0.56 × TDA + 2.61 VCS.RC.I 0.27 × V + 0.63

SOC.RC.M 0.51 × TDA + 0.11 HCS.RC.M 0.11 × V + 0.26

VOP.SC.M 1.74 × TDA + 4.71 HCS.RC.L 0.23 × V + 0.54

SVO.SC.M 1.73 × TDA + 4.59 HCS.RC.I 0.27 × V + 0.63

HZO.SC.M 0.77 × TDA + 5.55 SOC.RC.L 1.08 × TDA + 0.22

HZO.SC.L 1.92 × TDA + 7.08 SOC.RC.I 1.26 × TDA + 0.26

VCT.SC.I 0.67 × TDA + 3.29 VOP.SC.L 4.37 × TDA + 11.82

VCS.SC.I 0.38 × V + 0.88 VOP.SC.I 5.55 × TDA + 15.02

HCT.SC.I 0.56 × TDA + 0.43 SVO.SC.L 4.34 × TDA + 11.51

SVO.RC.L 2.27 × TDA + 6.85 SVO.SC.I 5.52 × TDA + 14.63

VOP.RC.I 2.89 × TDA + 8.7 HZO.SC.I 2.44 × TDA + 9.

SVO.RC.I 2.89 × TDA + 8.7 SOC.SC.I 1.76 × TDA + 0.36

HZO.RC.I 0.72 × TDA + 8.74 HCS.SC.I 0.38 × V + 0.88

* For this rulemaking, equipment class designations consist of a combination (in sequential order separated by periods) of (1) an equipment family code (VOP=vertical open, SVO=semivertical open, HZO=horizontal open, VCT=vertical transparent doors, VCS=vertical solid doors, HCT=horizontal transparent doors, HCS=horizontal solid doors, or SOC=service over counter); (2) an operating mode code (RC=remote condensing or SC=self

- contained); and ( 3) a rating temperature code (M=medium temperature (38 °F)), L=low temperature (0 °F), or I=ice

- cream temperature (

- 15 °F)). Fo r example, “VOP.RC.M” refers to the “vertical open, remote condensing, medium temperature” equipment class.

** TDA is the total display area of the case, as measured in ARI Standard 1200

- 2006, a ppendix D.

† V is the volume of the case, as measured in ARI S tandard 1200

- 2006, a ppendix C.1

- 8 1.3.4 Framework and Analysis Methodology

In May 2010, DOE published the Rulemaking Framework for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment , describing the procedural and analytical approaches DOE anticipated using to evaluate the establishment of energy conservation standards for commercial refrigeration equipment. This document is available at

h ttp://www1.eere.energy. gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/cre_framework_04 -30-10.pdf

DOE held a public meeting on May 18, 2010 to discuss procedural and analytical approaches to the rulemaking, and to inform interested parties and facilitate their involvement in the rulemaking process. The analytical framework presented at the public meeting described different analyses, such as the engineering analysis and the LCC and PBP analyses, the methods proposed for conducting them, and the relationships among the various a nalyses. See Table 1.3.3 for all the analyses discussed at the public meeting to be undertaken in each of the formal public rulemaking documents.

Tabl e 1.3.3 Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Analyses

Preliminary Analysis NOPR Final Rule* Market and technology assessment Revised preliminary analyses Revised NOPR analyses Screening analysis Life

- cycle cost sub

- group analysis Engineering analysis Manufacturer impact analysis Energy use characterization Utility impact analysis Markups to determine equipment price Employment impact analysis

Life

- cycle cost and payback period analyses Environmental assessment Shipments analysis Regulatory impact analysis National impact analysis Preliminary manufacturer impact analysis
* During the f inal r ule phase, DOE considers the comments submitted by the U.S. Department of Justice in the NOPR phase concerning the impact of any lessening of competition that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(v))

As part of the information gathering and sharing process, DOE organized and held

interviews with commercial ref rigeration equipment manufacturers. DOE selected companies that represented production of all types of commercial refrigeration equipment , ranging from small to large manufacturers, and including both AHRI member companies and non- AHRI member companies. DO E had four objectives for these interviews: (1) solicit feedback on the draft engineering analysis (including methodology, production costs, manufacturing processes, and findings); (2) solicit feedback on topics related to the preliminary MIA ; (3) provide an opportunity, early in the rulemaking process, to express specific concerns to DOE; and (4) foster cooperation between the manufacturers and DOE.

There were six general topics related to the preliminary MIA discussed during each of the

interviews: (1) ge neral key issues, (2) commercial refrigeration equ ipment shipment projections, (3) capital conversion costs, (4) equipment mix and profitability, (5) market shares and industry consolidation, and (6) cumulative regulatory burden.

DOE incorporated the info rmation gathered at the meetings into its engineering analysis (see chapter 5) and the preliminary MIA (see chapter 12). Following the publication of the1

- 9 preliminary analysis and the preliminary analysis public meeting, DOE intends to hold additional

meeti ngs with manufacturers as part of the consultative process for the MIA conducted during the NOPR phase.

DOE conducted the LCC and PBP analyses based on an approach that establishes an annual energy expense using regional average electric utility costs for affected businesses and projected those electricity costs into the future using electricity price projections for the commercial sector from the DOE Energy Information Agency (EIA). Under this approach, LCC results are based on the assumption that manufacturing plants and commercial building customers in the future will face electricity costs similar to those that exist in today’s electricity

markets.

DOE developed spreadsheets for the LCC and PBP analyses, and for the NIAs

. The LCC spreadsheet calculates national distributions of LCC savings at various energy efficiency levels

above the baseline and also can provide LCC savings based on typical input values for several business types that use commercial refrigeration equipmen t as well as distributions of energy

costs. DOE also developed an NIA spreadsheet that calculates the NES and NPVs at various

energy efficiency levels. This spreadsheet includes a model that forecasts shipments for the various equipment classes of commerci al refrigeration equipment at different efficiency levels.

DOE reviewed the recommendations made on April 21, 1998 by the Advisory Committee on Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards. (Advisory Committee, No. 96) These

recommendations are related to (1) us ing the full range of consumer marginal energy rates (CMERs) in the LCC analysis (replacing the use of national average energy prices) ; (2) defining a range of energy price futures for each fuel used in the economic analyses ; and (3) defining a range of pr imary energy conversion factors and associated emission reductions based on the generation of energy and emissions that would be displaced by energy efficiency standards for each rulemaking. DOE’s analysis implemented (2) and (3) above; however

, as discuss ed previously, DOE conducted the LCC analysis using regional average electricity prices for affected business types and did not develop CMERs in the LCC analysis.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT

Th is preliminary TSD outlines the analytical approaches used in th is rul emaking. The

TSD consists of 16 chapters as well as appendices

.

• Chapter 1

, Introduction : provides an overview of the appliance and equipment standards program and how it applies to the commercial refrigeration equipment rulemaking, and outlines the structure of the document.

• Chapter 2

, Analytical Framework

, Comments from Interested Parties, and DOE Responses : describes the rulemaking process step by step, summarizes comments made by interested parties during the framework document comment period, and provides DOE responses to those comments.

• Chapter 3

, Market and Technology Assessment : characterizes the commercial refrigeration equipment market and the technologies available for increasing equipment efficiency.1

- 10 • Chapter 4

, Screening Analysis : determines which technology options are viable for consideration in the engineering analysis.

• Chapter 5, Engineering Ana lysis : discusses the methods used for developing the relationship between increased manufacturer price and increased efficiency.

• Chapter 6

, Markups for Equipment Price Determination : discusses the methods used for establishing markups for converting manufacturer prices to customer equipment prices.

• Chapter 7, Energy Use Analysis : discusses the process used for generating energy use

estimates of commercial refrigeration equipment for a variety of equipment classes

, climate locations, and standard levels.

• Cha pter 8, Life -Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses : discusses the economic effects of standards on individual customers and users of the equipment and compares the LCC and PBP of equipment with and without higher efficiency standards.

• Chapter 9 , Shipments Analysis : discusses the methods used for forecasting shipments with and without higher efficiency standards.

• Chapter 10, National Impact Analysis : discusses the methods used for forecasting national energy consumption and national economic impacts based on annual equipment shipments and estimates of future equipment efficiency distributions in the absence and presence of higher efficiency standards.

• Chapter 11, Life

- Cycle Cost Sub -Group Analysis : discusses the effects of standards on a subgroup of commercial refrigeration equipment customers and compares the LCC and PBP of equipment with and without higher efficiency standards for these customers.

• Chapter 12, Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Analysi s : discusses the effects of standards on the finances and profitability of equipment manufacturers.

• Chapter 13, Utility Impact Analysis : discusses the effects of standards on the installed generation capacity of electric utilities.

• Chapter 14, Employment I mpact Analysis : discusses the effects of standards on

n ational employment.

• Chapter 15, Environmental Assessment : discusses the effect of standards on airborne

emissions of electric utilities.

• Chapter 16, Regulatory Impact Analysis : discusses the present regulatory actions as well as the impact of non- regulatory alternatives to setting energy efficiency standards.

• Appendix 5A, Engineering Data: accompanies Chapter 5, Engineering Analysis

• Appendix 6A, Data for Equipment Price Markups: accompanies C hapter 6, Markups for Equipment Price Determination

• Appendix 8A, User Instructions for Life

- Cycle Cost Spreadsheet: accompanies C hapter 8, Life

- Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses1

- 11 • Appendix 8B, Detailed Life

- Cycle Cost And Payback Period Results: accompanies Chapter 8, Life- Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analyses

• Appendix 10A, User Instructions for National Energy Savings and Net Present Value Spreadsheet: accompanies C hapter 10 , National Impact Analysis

• Appendix 10B, Detailed National Energy Savings and National Net Present Value

Results : accompanies C hapter 10 , National Impact Analysis