ED 104 010

AUTHOR

TITLE

( INSTITUTION

REPORT NO

PUB DATE

NOTE

AVAILABLE FROM

EDRS PRICE

DESCRIPTORS

DOCUMENT RESUME

95 EA 006 957

Grant, N. Vance; Lind, C. George

Digest of Educational Statistics, 1974 Edition.

National Center for Education Statistics (DHE1),

Washington, D.C.

SCES-75-210

75

181p.; Tables may reproduce poorly

Superintendent of Documents, O. S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock

Number 017-08001393.4, $2.50)

HF-$0.76 HC-$9.51 PLUS POSTAGE

Academic Achievement; Adult Education; Degrees

(Titles); Dropout Rate; Educational Facilities;

*Elementary Secondary Education; Employment

Statistics; Enrollment; Expenditures; Graduates;

*Higher Education; Income; Libraries; School

Districts; School Holding Power; *Statistical Data;

Tables (Data); Teachers

ABSTRACT

The 13th in a series of annual publications provides

an abstract of statistical information covering American education

from kindergarten through graduate school. Subjects on which

statistical are provided include the number of schools and colleges,

and information on enrollments, teachers, graduates, educational

attainment, finances, federal funds for education, libraries,

international education, and research and development. The digest is

divided according to (1) all levels of education, (2) elementary and

secondary education, (3) higher education, (4) federal programs for

education and related activities, and (5) selected statistics related

to education in the United States. Innovations include data on

enrollment and teachers of the handicapped in public elementary and

secondary schools; enrollment in higher education, by place of

residence; trends in enrollment in higher education, by type and

control of institution; institutions of higher education, by highest

level of offering, sex of students, and control of institution;

characteristics of persons receiving doctor's degrees; federal

libraries; federal expenditures for research and development; and

summary data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress in

science, 1970 and 1973, and in music, 1971-72. (Author /JG)
p 6, NCES 78-210

ri U S DEPARTMENT OF NEAT TN

EDUCATION & WEL,ANL

CO NATIONAL INSTITUTE 0 4

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EDUCATION

TN") MN, MTN! NAS ESE% WE PNO

OA I c *AC t 1itet,VED 1110,11 C) INS PE Ittot.t AM 0116ANI1A T OR ,4:h ot, :1 poi at v.1 Old OPINIONS SW 1 tvg (1.'0,4411 v fit PRE i ht ,`§ 1 .A1 Na0,0NAI INS, ,t)vi 01

C3I L. ( 4' ..sh PO 011011 OR Pt) '1 Digest o f

Educational

Statistics

1974Edition

by

W. Vance Grant

and

C. George Lind

National Center for

Education Statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary

Education Division

Virginia Y. Trotter, Assistant Secretary for Education Cr) National Center for Education Statistics

C.0 Francis C. Nassetta, Acting Administrator
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

"The purpose of the Center shall be to collect and disseminate statistics

and other data related to education in the United States and in other nations.

The Center shall . . . collect, collate, and, from time to time, report full

and complete statistics on the conditions of education in the United States;

conduct and publish reports on specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; . . . and review and report on education activities

in foreign countries."--Section 406(b) of the General Education Provisions Act,

as amended (20 U.S.C. 12210-1).

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1975

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 Prise $2.80

Stock Number 017-080-01393-4

3
FOREWORD

The 1974 edition of the Digest of Educational Statistics is the 13th in a series of annual publications

initiated by this office in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide an abstract of statistical information

covering the broad field of American education from kindergarten through the graduate school. In order to

perform this function, it utilizes materials from numerous sources, including the statistical surveys and

estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics and other appropriate sources, both governmental

and nongovernmental. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects within the field of

educational statistics, including the number of schools and colleges, enrollments, teachers, graduates,

edtcational attainment, finances, Federal finds for education, libraries, international education, and

refearch and development.

The Digest is divided into five chapters: All Levels of Education, Elementary and Secondary

Education, Higher Education, Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities, and Selected

Statistics Related to Education in the United States. To qualify for inclusion in this publication, material

must be nationwide in scope and of current interest and value. Series of data extending as far back as 1870

have been employed in many instances in order to give some historical perspective. The introduction

supplements the tabular materials in chapters I through V by providing a brief description of current trends

in American education.

In addition to updating many of the statistics that appeared in previous years, this edition of the

Digest contains a number of new tables and charts. Included in the new material are data on enrollment and

teachers of the handicapped in public elementary and secondary schools; enrollment in higher education,

by place of residence; trends in enrollment in higher education, by type and control of institution;

institutions of higher education, by highest level of offering, sex of students, and control of institution;

characteristics of persons receiving doctor's degrees; Federal libraries; and Federal expenditures for research

and development as a percent of the Federal budget. Summary data from the National Assessment of

Educational Progress in science, 1970 and 1973, and in music, 1971-72, are also included.

In the past, the Digest of Educational Statistics has proved useful to persons interested inthe nature

and scope of education in the United States and in particular to those individuals concerned with the

formulation and conduct of educational policy. We trust that the readers of the 13th edition will find it as

valuable as its predecessors.

MARJORIE CHANDLER, Chief KENNETH A. SIMON, Chief

Division of Statistical Information Reference, Estimates and

and Studies Projections Branch
CONTENTS

Page

Foreword Hi

Introduction 1

Chapter I. All Levels of Education S

Chapter II. Elementary and Secondary Education 29

Chapter III. Higher Education 69

Chapter IV. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 119

Chapter V. Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States 137

Index 161

FIGURES

1. The structure of education in the United States 4

2. Estimated retention rates, fifth grade through college graduation: United States, 1965 to 1977 13

3. Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race: United States, 1870 to 1969 17

4. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1972 21

5. Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product: United

States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 25

6. Direct general mpenditures of State and local governments, by function: 1962-63 and

1971-72 28

7. Population, public school enrollment, and public school expenditures in 20 'ale cities as a

percent of the national total 36

8. Selected characteristics of public elementary and secondary school teachers: United States,

1970-71 47

9. Number of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years of age: Un'ted States,

1869-70 to 1969-70 55

10. Estimated current expenditures fur, public elementary and secondary day schools,

1 Q73-74, as a percent of personal income in 1973, by State 65

11. Major field of study of college students 14 to 34 years old: United States, October 1966

and October 1972 79

12. Selected characteristics of teaching faculty in colleges and universities: United States,

1972-73 86

13. Number of institutions of higher education for men, for women, and coeducational:

United States, 1953-54 to 1973-74 92

V

0
Page

14. Cost of student education from tuition and fees and from other sources, by control of

institution: United States, 1971 -72 112

TABLES

AU Levels of Education

Enrol Wen:

1. Estimated enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of

control: United States, fall 1973 and fail 1974 6

2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United

States, fall 1970 6

3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of school: United

States, 1899-1900 to fall 1970 7

4. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by race, sex, and age: United

States, October 1973 8

5. Percent of the population 5 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age: United States,

October 1947 to October 1973 8

6. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age and by State: Spring 1970 9

7. Participants in adult education, by source of instruction: United States, 1969 and 1972 . . . 10

8. Participants in adult education, by type of program: United States, 1969 and 1972 10

9. Participants in adult basic education programs, by race or ethnic group, age, and sex: United

States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973 10

Teachers and Other instructional Staff

10. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in

institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 11

11. Estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total

instructional staff for resident courses in institutions of higher education: United States,

fall 1973 and fall 1974 11

Schools and School Districts

12. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of schools, by

level and control, by State: 1972-73 12

Retention Rates and Educational Attainment

13. Estimated retention rates, 5th grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublic

schools: United States, 1924-32 to 1965-73 14

14. Level of school completed by persons 25 years old and over and 25 to 29 years old, by

color: United States, 1910 to 1974 14

15. Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by sex, race, and State:

1970 15

16. Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State: 1970 16

17. Illiteracy of the population, by State: 1900, 1930, and 1960 18

18. Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental requirements for induction into the

armed services, by State: 1972 18

19. Occupation of employed persons 16 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of scnool

completed: United States, March 1973 19

vi

6
Page

Income

20. Total annual money income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school

completed, sex, and age: United States, 1972 20

21. Annual income of men, by age and by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to

1972 22

22. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1972 . 22

23. Receipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source:

United States, 1971-72 22

Expenditures

24. Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control:

United States, 1973-74 and 1974-75 23

25. Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of Rinds: United States,

1967-68 to 1974-75 23

26. Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type

of control: United States, 1971-72 26

27. Gross national product related to total expenditures for education: United States,

1929-30 to 1973-74 26

28. Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for education, by

per capita amount and percent of per capital income: 1971-72 27

Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

29. Enrollment in MI-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by

State: Fall 1973 and fall 1974 30

30. Enrollment by grade in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: United

States, 1962-63 to 1973-74 31

31. Enrollment, attendance, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary

day schools, by State: 1971-72 32

32. Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1972 33

33. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population

14-17 years of age: United States, 1889-90 to fall 1973 33

34. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: United States,

1869-70 to 1971-72 34

35. Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in 20 large cities compared

with the United States totals: 1973-74 36

36. Selected statistics of local public schwa systems, by enrollment size: United States,

1969-70 37

37. Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States,

February 1963 and 1970-71 37

38. Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professional

staff for the handicapped in local public elementary and secondary schools: United States,

spring 1970 38

39. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current

expenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 38

40. Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 39

41. Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and

by State: Spring 1970 40
Page

149. Occupation groups of employed degree recipients, by sex: United States, October 1971 . 140

150. Relationship of work of degree recipients to major field of study, and reason for working

in a job not directly related to field: United States, October 1971 141

151. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of

study: United States, 1968-69 to 1973-74 141

152. Average monthly salary offers to male and female candidates for master's and doctor's

degrees, by field of study: United States, 1972-73 to 1973-74 142

International Education

153. United States college faculty abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1972-73 . . . 142

154. United States college students abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1971-72 . . . 142

155. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area

of origin, major field of interest and academic status: 1972-73 143

156. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area

of origin: 1954-55 to 1972-73 144

157. Estimated population and enrollment, by level, in major arias of the world: 1970-71 . 144

158. Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in selected countries of the world:

1970-71 145

Libraries and Public Television

159. Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing and by type of

licensee, geographic region, and budget size: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year

1972 146

160. Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections: United

States, 1968 146

161. General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United

States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1968 147

162. General statistics of Federal libraries: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972 147

163. Estimated number of librarians, by type of library in which employed and by sex: United

States, 1960, 1970, and requirements for 1980 148

164. Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of large university

libraries: 1971-72 148

165. General statistics of college and university libraries: United States and outlying areas,

1959-60, 1968-69, and 1970-71 149

166. Prices for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback

books, 1967-69 and 1972, and number of tides, 1972, by category: United States . . . 149

167. Price index for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback

books, based on 1967-69 average prices, by category: United States, 1971 and 1972 . . 150

168. Prices for periodicals /Ind serial service, by subject area: United States, 1967-69, 1971,

and 1972 150

Research and Development

169. Number and median annual salaries of scientists, by type of employer and by field:

United States, 1970 151

170. Federal research and development expenditures related to total Federal budget outlays:

United States, 1940 to 1974 151

171. Federal funds obligated for educational research and development, by sponsoring agency:

United States, 1969 to 1974 152

172. Research and development funds related to the gross nadonal product: United States,

1953 to 1973 152

173. Sources of funds used for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1974 . . . 152
Page

64. Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States,

1919-20 to 1970-71 54

High School Graduates, Dropouts, and Seniors

65. Number of high school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: United

States, 1869-70 to 1972-73 54

66. Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old, by race and by sex:

United States, 1967 and 1973 54

67. Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State: 1972-73 . . 56

68. Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school

seniors: United States, spring 1972 57

Income

69. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools,

by source and by State: 1973-74 58

70. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local,

and other sources, by State: 1971-72 59

71. Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal, State, and local

sources: United States, 1919-20 to 1972-73 60

72. Results of public school bond elections: United States, 1957-58 to 1972-73 60

Expenditures

73. Estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and

by State: 1973-74 61

74. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and

by State: 1971-72 62

75. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose:

United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 63

76. Personal income, 1973, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1973-74 . . . 64

77. Estimated expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance In public elementary and

secondary day schools, by State: 1973-74 66

78. Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary

and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 67

79. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local fkmds for vocational education: United States

and outlying areas, 1920 to 1973 67

80. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscal

year 1973 68

Higher Education

Enrollment

81. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status and sex of

student, control of institution, and State: Fall 1973 70

82.: Total and first-time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State:

Fall 1973 and fall 1974 71

83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and

by State: Fall 1973 72

84. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State and by

place of residence: Fall 1972 73

ix
Page

85. Selected statistics for the 60 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number

of students: United States, fall 1973 74

86. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population

aged 18-24: United States, fall 1950 to fall 1973 75

87. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of

institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1974 75

88. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total

population and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1972 . 76

89. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of

institution:-United.11itates, fall 1968 to fall 1973 76

90. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and control of

institution: United States, fall 1973 77

91. First-time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by

control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1974 77

92. Selected characteristics of first-time students in institutions of higher education: United

States, fall 1973 78

93. Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance

status, and field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1971 R0

94. Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States and

outlying areas, fall 1960 to fall 1970 81

95. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 years of age: United States, October

1973 81

96. Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level:. United States and

outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1973 82

91. Total enrollment, fall 1973, and degrees conferred, 1970-71, in institutions attended

predominantly by black students: United States 82

98. Number of 2-year institutions of higher education and degree-credit enrollment, by

control of institution and by sex: United States, iall 1947 to fall 1973 83

99. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher

education: United States, 1869-70 to 1971-72 84

Faculty and Other Professional Staff

10U. Estimated fiill-time and part-time resident instructional staff in institutions of higher

education, by academic rank: United States, fall 1960 to 1974 85

101. Teething and research staff in 'institutions of higher education, by academic rank and

field: United States and outlying areas, fall 1970 85

102. Professional background and e.adernic activity of college faculty members, by type of

institution and by sex: United States, 1972-73 87

103. Demographic and background characteristics of college faculty members, by type of

institution and by sex: United States, spring 1969 88

104. Number and average salary of fidl-time instructional faculty on 9-10 month contracts in

institutions of higher education, by type of institution, academic rank, and sex: United

States, 1972-73 89

105. Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank,

type of institution, and size of enrollment: United States, 1971-72 and 1973-74 . . . . 89

106. Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4year colleges

and universities: United States, 1959-60 to 1973-74 90

10
Institutions

107. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment:

United States. fall 1972

108. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State: 1973- 74

109. Number of institutions of higher education, by highest level of offering, sex of students, and

and control of institution: United States, 1973-74

Page

90

91

93

Degrees

110. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by

State: 1970-71 and 1971-72 94

111. Bachelor's, master's, and docto a degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by

sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71 95

112. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by

sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971-72 100

113. First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student,

control of institution, and field of study: United States, 1970-71 100

114. Number of first-professional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex:

United States, 1949-50 to 1971-72 101

115. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education: United States, 1869-70 to

1972-73 101

116. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree:

United States and outlying areas, 1948-49 to 1971-72 101

117. Doct 's degrees conferrea oy 60 large institutions of higher education: 1961-62 to

1970-71 102

118. Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States,

1972-73 103

119. Male college graduates in the population, by field or highest degree: United States, March

1967 104

120. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by

type of degree: United States, 1965-66 to 1970-71 104

121. Formal awards based on organized occupational curriculums at the technical or

semiprofessional level in institutions of higher education, by length and type of

curriculum and by sex of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1970-71 105

income

122. Current fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by

source of revenue: United States, 1971-72 107

123. Current4Und revenue of institutions of higher education from State and local governments

related to total current -fund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 1971-72 . . 108

124. Current fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by

State: 1970-71 and 1971-72 109

125. Income of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 110

126. Private gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, by control of institution:

United States, 1959-60 to 1971-72 111

127. Estimated tuition and fees, and room and board rates, in institutions of higher education,

by type and control of institution: United States, 1964-65 to 1974-75 113

128. Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and fees, room, and

board, by control and type of institution, and by residence of student: United States and

outlying areas, 1971-72 113

xi
Page

Expenditures

129. Currenthind expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose:

United States, 1971-72 114

130. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 . 114

131. Curtentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State:

1970-71 and 1971-72 115

132. Personal income, 1971, related to educational and general expenditures for higher

education and to vlucadonal and general Nods received from State and local

govenunents, by State: 1971-72 116

Property

133. Physical plant value per student in institutions of higher educe In, by control and by

level: United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72 117

134. Endowment fkmds per student in institutions of higher educatkv by control and by level:

United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72 117

13S. Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 . . . 117

Land Grant Institutions

136. Selected data for landirant institutions on students and finances: United States and

outlying areas, 1962-63 and 1972-73 118

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

137. Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fiscal years 1973 to 1975 . . 125

138. Federal funds for education and related &Alvin's: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967

and outlay for fiscal years 1968 to 1975 126

139. Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R&D plant: Fiscal years 1972,

1973, and 1974 128

140. Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies:

Fiscal year 1973 129

141. Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary and secondary education, by

agency and by State: Fiscal year 1973 130

142. Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 . . . 131

143. Federal obligations to universities and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1972 . 134

144. Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education, by program area and by State: Fiscal

year 1973 135

145. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment, by program:

Fiscal year 1973 136

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

Employment Status and Job Opportunities

146. College enrollment and labor force status of 1973 high school graduates, by sex, color,

and marital status of women: United States, October 1973 138

147. Employment status of 1973 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1972-73

school dropouts, by sex, color, and marital status of women: United States, October 1973 139

148. Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by

year of high school graduation, and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by

sex: United States, October 1973 140
Page

42. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, pupils, and teachers, by level and by church

affiliation of school: United States, 1970-71 41

43. Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools: United States,

1919-20 to 1973-74 41

44. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age and by type

of program: United States, October 1973 41

45. Estimated enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1974 42

46. Enrollment in foreign languages compared with total enrollment in grades 9-12 of public

secondary schools: United States, fall 1965, 1968, and 1970 42

47. Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared with total enrollment in

gradeb 7 to 12 of public secondary schools: United States, 1948-49, 1960-61, and

1972-73 43

48. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: United States, and

outlying areas, 1920 to 1973 43

49. Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and by

level of instruction: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1966 to 1973 44

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff

50. Number of full-time and part-time classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementary

and secondary day schools, by State: Fall 1973 and fall 1974 45

Si. Instructional stall in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position

and by State: United States, 1971-72 46

52. Selected characteristics of public school teacners, by level and by sex: United States,

1970-71 48

53. Teachers of federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program: United

States and outlying areas, fiscal years 19' 1973 48

54. Public secondary school teachers, by teaching field and by sex: United States, 1970-71 48

55. Estimated number of classroom teachers in nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching

field: United States, fall 1974 48

56. Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary

schools: United States, 1955-56 to 1973-74 49

57. Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public

elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1952-53 to 1973-74 49

58. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary

day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1973-74 50

59. Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day

schools, and average annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in unadjusted

dollars and adjusted dollars: Url.ted States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 51

Instructional Rooms

60. Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day

schools, by State: 1970-71 and fall 1971 52

Schools and School Districts

61. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), by State: Fall 1973 53

62. Number of public school systems and number of pupils enrolled, by size of system:

United States, 1971-72 53

63. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of public and

nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73 . . . . 53
Page

174. Sources of funds used for basic research: United States, 1953 to 1974 152

175. Funds used in the performance of basic research, applied research, and development:

United States, 1974 153

Equal Educational Opportunity

176. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary

schools, by geographic area and by level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall 1972 153

177. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary

schools, by minority group and by level of isolation: United States, fall 1970 and fall

1972 154

178. Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st- and 12th-tirade pupils, by racial and

ethnic group: United States, fall 1965 154

National Assessment of Educational Progress

179. National Assessment of Educational Progress in writing, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-70 155

180. National Assessment of Educational Progress in citizenship, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-70 156

181. National Assessment of Educational Progress in reading, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71 157

182. National Assessment of Educational Progress in literature, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71 158

183. National Assessment of Educational Progress in science, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1970 and 1973 159

184. National Assessment of Educational Progress in music, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1971-72 160

xiv

14
INTRODUCTION

A Statistical Look at American Education: Fall 1974

Education is today the major occupation of about

62.2 million people in the United States. That figure,

along with the fact that approximately $108 billion is

likely to be spent by educational institutions this

year, lends support to the contention that education

is now the Nation's largest enterprise. Included in the

62.2 million total are 58.9 million students enrolled

in our schools and colleges, 3.0 million teachers, and

about 300,000 superintendents, principals, supervisors, and other instructional staff members. This

means that in a Nation with 212 million people

nearly 3 out of every 10 persons are directly involved

in the educational process.

Total enrollment in regular educational programs

from kindergarten through the graduate school

increased for 27 consecutive years before reaching an

all-time high of 59.7 million in the fall of 1971. The

small decreases that subsequently have occurred at

the elementary school level reflect the fact that there

are now fewer children 5 to 13 years of age than in

the recent past. Enrollment is continuing to rise at

the high school and college levels.

The following percentages of the school-age population are estimated to be enrolled in school in the

fall of 1974: Of the 5-yea-olds (the usual kinder.

garten age), 84 percent; 6- to 13-year-olds (grades 1

to 8), 99 percent; 14- to 17-year-olds (grades 9 to

12), 93 percent; and 18- to 24-year-olds (college age),

25 percent. These estimates are derived from data

obtained in the annual fall surveys of the U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, and

reported in Current Population Reports, Series P-20.

Enrollnient in degree-credit programs in colleges

and universities is estimated at 8.9 million this fall.

This represents an increase of about 45/ percent over

the 8.5 million students enrolled 1 year earlier. The

figures for both years exclude undergraduate students

in occupational programs not creditable toward a

bachelor's degree as well as people attending other

types of postsecondary educational institutions.

Enrollment in public and nonpublic schools at the

secondary level (grades 9 to 12) is expected to total

about 15.6 million students this fall. This is a rise of

I

200,000, or about 1% percent, over the 15.4 million

enrolled a year ago. Enrollment in nonpublic schools

held steady at about 1.2 million, while the number of

public school students rose from 14.1 million last fall

to an estimated 14.4 million in 1974.

Enrollment at the elementary school level (kindergarten through the 8th grade) apparently declined by

about 2.1 percent-from 35.1 million pupils last year

to a current estimated level of 34.4 million. Nonpublic school enrollment is estimated at 3.5 million

this fall compared with 3.6 million a year ago, while

public school enrollment is now about 30.9 million

compared with 31.5 million pupils last fall.

School enrollment in future years will be significantly influenced by trends in the birth rate. Data

from the National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.

Public Health Service, show that the number of live

births in this country attained an alltime high of

43 million in 1961. They then declined each year

until they reached 3.5 million in 1968. Small increases occurred in 1969 and 1970, but in subsequent

years there have been further decreases. On the basis

of data for the first 9 months of this year, it appears

that only about 3.1 million children will be born in

the United States in 1974. This will be the smallest

number of births in any year since 1945, a development with major implications for educational planning for the 1980's.

More immediately, the latest projections of the

National Center for Education Statistics indicate that

there will be small annual reductions in elementary

school enrollment for the remainder of this decadereflecting the decrease in the population aged 5 to 13

in the years just ahead. High school enrollment is

expected to reach a maximum in 1975, hold steady in

1976, and then begin a series of small annual declines.

College enrollment is expected to reach a peak about

1980. A decrease in the college-age population will

become evident in the early 1980's, but the extent of

the expected enrollment decline will be determined

by emerging trends in college attendance rates. At the

present time the percentage of young people attending college is down i'ghtly from the high levels

attained in the late 1960's.
Currently, about 2,380,000 persons are employed

as classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. This represents practically

no change from the number of pens. ms teaching a year

ago. A small increase in secondwy school teachers

this year will approximately offset a slight decline in

employment at the elementary school level. More

than 2.1 million persons are teaching in public

schools this fall, and an estimated 240,000 are in

nonpublic schools. Approximately 1,290,000 are

teaching in elementary schools and 1,090,000 at the

secondary level.

Overall, the number of public school teachers is

growing at a somewhat faster rate than the number of

pupils. The result is a continuing improvement in the

pupil-teacher ratio. This fall there are about 21.1 pupils per teacher as compared with 25.1 pupils for each

teacher 10 years ago. Moreover, a recent study by the

National Education Association indicates that public

school teachers today are better prepared academically than were their predecessors. Only 3 percent of

the teachers in 1971 did not have a bachelor's degree,

as compared with 15 percent in 1961. In 1971 more

than 27 percent of the teachers held a master's

degree, compared with 23 percent 10 years earlier.

The average annual salary of classroom teachers in

public elementary and secondary schools rose

6 percent last year over the preceding year, and a

similar increase is anticipated in 1974-75. Salaries averaged about $10,700 in 1973-74 and are expected to exceed $11,300 in 1974-75. The average

salary of the total professional instructional staff is

somewhat larger: The estimates for 1973-74 and

1974-75 are $11,200 and $11,850, respectively.

The number of instructional staff members in

colleges and universities did not rise appreciably

during the past year, according to estimates of the

National Center for Education Statistics. The total

remains near 620,000. College faculties expanded at a

rapid rate during the middle and late 1960's in an

attempt to keep pace with burgeoning enrollments.

Even so, the trend in recent years has been toward

larger classes and greater utilization of graduate

assistants in the classroom

The average full-time faculty member in 4-year

colleges and universities earned nearly $14,400 in the

academic year 1973-74. Average salaries have been

rising about 5% percent annually in recent years. A

further increase to about $15,200 is expected for the

academic year 1974-75.

Approximately 3.1 million persons graduated from

high school in 1974. The class of 1975 is expected to

exceed 3.1 million, which will make it the largest

graduating class in history. The size of these graduating classes reflects the high birth rate in the 1950's

and also the tendency of most young Americans to

remain in school at least until high school graduation.

About 75 percent of the young people today finish

high school, and about 43 percent (or about 58 percent of the high school graduates) can be expected to

enter a degree-credit program in a college or university. If present trends continue, about 23 percent of

persons in their late teens today can be expected to

earn a bachelor's degree; 7 percent, a master's degree;

and more than 1 percent, a doctorate.

In a recent survey of the educational attainment of

the population, conducted in March 1972, the Bureau

of the Census found that the median number of

school years completed by young people 20 and 21

years of age was 12.8 years: persons 45 to 54 had

completed a median of 123 years; persons 75 and

over, 8.6 years.

During the school year 1973-74, the number of

earned degrees conferred by colleges and universities

is estimated as follows: bachelor's, 977,000; firstprofessional, 54,000; master's, 270,000; and doctor's,

34,000. In 1974-75, the comparable figures are

expected to be 975,000, 54,000, 280,000, and

35,000. More degrees were conferred in 1973-74

than in any previous year, and annual increases are

expected through the early 1980's.

Expenditures for public and private education

from kindergarten through graduate school are estimated at nearly $98 billion for the 1973-74 school

year, and preliminary estimates place the 1974-75 figure at about $108 billion. Elementary and secondary

schools last year expended more than $67 billion, and

institutions of higher education spent more than

$35 billion. Public schools and colleges spent an

estimated $80 billion in 1973-74, as compared with

about $18 billion for nonpublic institutions.

Viewed in another context, the total expenditures

for education during 1973-74 amounted to 7.6 percent of the gross national product (GNP). The

percentage of GNP spent for education has been in a

rising trend for most of the time during the past

30 years. The low point in modern times was reached

in 1943-44, in the midst of World War II, when

educational expenditures dropped to 1.8 percent of

the GNP.

The current expenditure per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary

schools has more than doubled in the past decade,

rising from about $485 in 1964-65 to more than

$1,200 in 1974-75. The largest item in the school

budget is teachers' salaries, and expenditure increases

in recent years reflect the efforts of local school

systems to provide more adequate compensation for

2

16
instructional staff members. The rise in expenditures

would be much smaller, of course, if allowance were

made for changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar.

The role of the Federal Government in providing

support to education at all levels continues to grow.

Whereas Federal grants amounted to $3.4 billion in

1965, in 1975 they are expected to reach

$143 billion. Grants to higher education have more

than tripled during the past decade, and aid to

elementary and secondary education has increased

more than fivefold. The largest percentage increase,

however, is in grants for vocational technical and

continuing education, which is more than seven times

as great in 1975 as in 1965. This support reflects the

widely held view that more students should b.;

3

571-602 0 - 75 - 2

prepared for useful employment before terminating

their formal education.

Summing up, there are a number of recent

developments it American education that enable one

to view the future with optimism. Young people

today spend more years in school than their parents

and grandparents did. There is an increased emphasis

on education for a career: most young people

graduate from high school, while many go on to some

form of postsecondary education. In public schools,

there are fewer pupils per teacher than in earlier

years, and the teachers tend to be better paid than

their predecessors. Efforts to support education (both

in actual dollars and as a percentage of the GNP) have

reached new peaks. It appears that some progress is

being made.
Figure 1.The structure of education in the United States

Ph. O. or

Advanced

Professional

Degree

Master's

Degree

Bachelor's

Degree

Associate

Degree or

Certificate

High School

Diploma

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

Postdoctoral Study and Research

41k.

Doctor's Degree Study

4110*

Master's Degree Study4fr

Urtergraduate:

Liberal Arts or General

Antor Technical Community Colleges institutes

5

4

3

Age

11/ Professional

11 (Teaching, '1. meatehle,

Theology, 4

Law, Eta) 3

11111'

2 4 1

2 7

5 ft

fa'

Undergraduate:

Liberal Arts or General

44ear

High Schools

(8=16

Senior

High Schools

16.

Junior

High Schools

db.

Combine4

Junloreenlor

High Sahoole

Elementary for Primary) Schools

Kindergartens

411!

OAS

7

6

5

4

3

2 z

1

Nursery Schools NS

Grade
CHAPTER I

All Levels of Education

The purpose of. this chapter is to provide a broad

overview of education in the United States from

kindergarten through the graduate school. It brings

together materials from elementary, secondary, and

higher education to present a composite picture of

the American educational system. It contains tables

which show the total number of persons enrolled in

school, the number of teachers, the number of

schools, and total receipts and expenditures for

education at all levels. Statistics on educational

attainment, on illiteracy and school retention rates,

and on annual and lifetime income by years of school

completed are also included.

Figure 1 provides a graphic presentation of the

structure of education in the United States. The right

side of the chart indicates the three levels of

education (elementary, secondary, and higher); the

left gives the approximate age of persons at each

level. As the chart indicates, pupils ordinarily spend

from 6 to 8 years in the elementary grades, followed

by 4 to 6 years of high school. The entire 12-year

program is normally completed at age 17 or 18 years.

High school graduates may enter a junior college, a

technical institution, a 4-year college or university, or

a professional school. A junior college normally offers

the first 2 years of a standard 4-year college program

and a broad selection of terminal-vocational courses.

Academic courses completed at a junior college are

transferable for credit to 4-year colleges and

universities. A technical institute offers postsecondary technical training not leading to bachelor's

or higher degrees.

An associate degree requires at least 2 years of

college4evel work, and a bachelor's degree normally

can be earned in 4 years. At least 1 year beyond the

bachelor's is necessary for a master's degree, while a

doctor's degree usually requires 3 or 4 years beyond

the baccalaureate.

Professional schools differ widely in requirements

for admission and in length of programs. Medical

students, for example, must complete at least 3 years

of premedical studies at a college or university before

they can enter the 4-year program at a medical

school. Engineering students, on the other hand, can

enter an engineering school immediately upon

completion of a secondary school program.

Many of the statistics in this chapter are derived

from the annual and biennial surveys of the National

Center for Education Statistics. When necessary,

these survey data have been supplemented by

estimates prepared especially for this volume in order

to make the tables as useful as possible. In addition,

substantial contributions have been made by statistics

received from other agencies, both governmental and

nongovernmental, as indicated in the source note at

the end of the appropriate tables. The data obtained

from the Bureau of the Census surveys of educational

attainment, governmental finances, and school enrollment by age, race, and sex are worthy of special

mention for the valuable information they provide.
Table 1.- Estimated enrollment In educational institutions, by level

of instruction end by type of control. United States.

fell 1979 and fell 1974'

1ln thousands I

Level 01 Mar UCUCIn and type of control Pail 1973 Feu 1974

2 3 Toni elementary. secondery, and higher education 59.039 68,910 Public 52,039 81,940

Nonpublic . 7.001 6,970

Kindergarte..nrade 12 beguier and other sr:boosts . 50.519 60,010

Regular public schools .. 48A09 46.000 Reader nonpublic schools 4.800 4,700

Other public schools 240 240 Other nonpublic schools 70 70 Kindness ten-gredel3 Mount and other schoOlill . 36.133 34.400 Regular public schools ...... 31,333 30.700 Regular nonpublic schools 3.600 3,600

Other public schools . . 170 170 Other nonpublic schools 33 30 Grades 9- 12 irefaular and other 50°91112 15.388 15,610

Regular public schools 14.076 14.300 Regular nonpublic season 1,200 1.200 Other same schools . . . . . 70 70 Other nonpublic %noose 40 40

Higher education (tont degfeweredis enrollment In

universities. colleges. Professionel ushoon. Michels

collages. and fume college) . 8.620 8,900 Public 6.389 6.700 Nonpublic 2.131 2.200 Undergraduate. 7.397 7,700 Graduate 1.123 1,200

I The 1973 figures for mom nonpublic and other elementary and micondelY

schools. and all 1974 figures. ere estimates. Surveys of nonpublic elementary

and secondary schools have been conducted at less frequent intervals than those

of public schools and of mmitutions of higher education. Consequently. the

estimates for nonpublic schools we ten reliable than those for other types of

Institutions. The 'suntan for 1974 am derived from the Increases expected

from population changes combined rth the long'range trend in school

enrollment rotes of the population. 2 "Regular" schools include schools which are a part of State and local school

systems end also most nomprof Winning nonpublic agnomen y and secondary

schools, both church.aff Mated and nonsectarian. "Other" schools include

wheelies's:se departments of institutions of higher education. residential schools

for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians. and Federal schools on

military posts and other Federal installations. Excludes undergraduate students in occupational programs which ere not

ordinarily creditable toward bachelor's degree. There were amuoarneray

1.089.000 of these non-degreecredit students in fall 1973. Includes students working toward finsprofessianal damn, ouch as SAD.,

D.D.S., LL.B.. and B.D.

NOTE -Fail enrollment is usually smaller than school-year enrollment, urns the

totter s e cumulative figure which includes students who enroll et any time during

the year.

SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Canter

for Education Statistics. Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day

Schools. Fen 1973. Fall &raiment M Hither Education. 1971: and estimates of

the National Canter for Education Statistics.

Table 2.- Enrollment in educational imtitutions, by level of instruction

and by type of control: United States, fell 1970

Level of instruction,

by type of school All schools Publicly

controlled

schools Privately

controlled

schools -..

1 2 3 4 All levels Momentary,

secanderY. higher) 59,127,043 51,838,883 7,499,180

Elementary end secondary 51,592,603 45,161.503 6.431 000 Kindergarten. grade 9 38,848,740 32,786,140 4,083.000

Grades 9.12 and postgraduate 14,744.363 13,396.363 1.349.000 7.545.340 a Higher education 6.477.160 2.066.180

4 Kindergarten 2,770.355 2.577.355 193,000

Regular' 2,749.880 2558.880 2191.000 Subconscious departments of man

glans of higher educetion3 6,000 5.000 1,000

Residential schools for exceptional

children3 7,000 6,000 7.000 Federal schools for Indiens4 . 8.375 5.375 Federal schools on Federal instale.l. tans. 2.100 2.100 Grades 1-8 34.077.786 30,187.785 3,890.000

Regular 1 33,883,448 30.015.4413 23,865.000

Subcolleglate departments of MM.

tions of higher education3 41,000 33,000 8.000

Residential schools for exceptional

ohilaen3 87,000 70.000 17.000 Federal schools for Indiens4 33,839 33,839 Federal schools on Federal installstions3 32.700 32.700 .... . Grades 9 -12 and postgraduate 14.744,363 13,396.363 1.348A00

Regina 14,845.782 13,331,762 21.314.000 Subconscious departments of institutions of higher educationa 44.000 19.000 35.000 Residential schools for exceptional

childrenS 39.000 30.000 9,000 Federal schools for Indiens4 12,201 12.201 Fedora schools on Federal installstions3 3,000 3.400 ire. we Higher education:

Resident degme-aedit enrollment 7,545,340 5,477.160 2,068,180

Undergraduate end fin

professional 82813.093 4.037.304 1.651.519 Graduate 900.032 605,925 294,107 Unclassified 350.425 233,871 122,584

1 fncludes enrollments In fecal public school system and In nonpublic schools

Ichurclwiffitiated end nornacterien). Excludes subcolieglete departments of

institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children. and Imderel schools. 2 Includes 'Neiman for nonreponing wheels, a Estimated" 4 Includes path enrolled at any time during school year 1970-71.

SOURCES: (11 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National

Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Mlle Elementary and Secondary

Day Schools, Fan 1970: Statinies of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary

School,. 1970-71: Fall Enrollment in Hither Education, 1970; end unpublished

data, 12) U.8. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Stadetics

Concerning Indian Education. fiscal year 1971.
Table 3. Enrollment In 'duodenal institutions. by level of instruction and by type of Reboot: United States, 1099 1900 to hall 1970

Level of indruotion, by type of school 1999-1900 1909-10 1919-30 1928 -30 1939-40 190-50 1959-60 Pall 1969 Pe111970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All Nods letensoritary. essondery. Iti*nol 17.10341 19.999.148 24381279

g

20911.077 29.7115.203 31.31927: 45.121.020 59.70.709 69.137.80

16361,249 19343333 23,483.898 28.651.940 28257.000 28.680250 42312.076 51.629391

. Elementary and mender/ 51,592.503

Kindergarten-grade 8 18261,846 18328,635 20.953,722 23.7O,540 21.127,021 22.207,241 32A123603 37.111.390 38.848.140

Grades 9-12 and postareduste 899.403

saggicuingsgam

1.115.398 2300.176 4311900 7.129979 6.053.909 9399910 14,518.301 14.744.383

Higher education 237,592 355,215 697.880 1.100237 1,494203 2959.031 13215,544 7.138375 7.545.340

.guma.

225.394 349.189 510,949 7614 '3 660,909 1.175,312 2,293392 2,821.213 Kindergarten 2,770.385

Public2 I 1293370 481,265 723.443 594347 1,034,203 1322.712 2)101242 2,558380 Nonpublic: , :62219 29363 54,456 57341 133301) 354,070 $200300 0191800

Subcolleglete departments of institutions of

higher education 151 15) 151 15) 151 19) $5.851 $6)30P "X° Residential schools for exceptional

children (7) (7) (7) 98.164 5,777 104,469 $4900 $7,000 77.000

Peder ! schools for Indians (7) (7) (7) 3300 3.144 3.650 3,987 4,871 3.375

Pederd schools on Federal Installations .. (7)A

(7) (7) 17) (7) (7) 2.142 $2,100 52.100

18,038,452 113.182.,A8 20352.773 22,963377 20368.112 21331920

I 4 Grades 1-8 30,118.774 34290,177 34.077.788

Public2 14.852.202 16.604321 18,697361 20,555.180 18237,451 18.352.603 25,679.190 29395,628 30318348

70100Public2 1,147.188 1,5011218 1,455378 2.255330 2,095938 $3374.777 54285398 54.100.000 63388.000

Sulicallegiate deportment* of institutions of

higher education 17) 17) 17) 17) 59,547 35,882 $50,903 $41300 $41.000

Residential schools for exceptional

children 37,052 71.307 1199234 9124.163 56.854 1048,884 $119300 587.000 $87300

Federal schools for Indians (7) 17) 17) 18.944 17223 19973 24822 33951 33.639

Federal schools on Federal instaltedom .. 17) 17) 17) 17) 17) 17) 19.083 $33,700 $32.700

1. Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 699,403 1.115,398 2300,176 4,811,800 7.129379 6,03309 9,599,810 14,618,301 14.744383

Public: 519,251 915,061 2200.389 4299.422 6301,444 54724321 8.484,889 13321.710 13.331.782

Nonpublic: 110.797 117A00 213,920 341.158 457.788 $672.382 51,035.247 51,400,000 61,314,000

Subcollegiate dogmatising of Institutions of

higher education 65.855 78,932 81.367 69,287 54.970 38.162 $433u9 744,000 744.000

Reddentief schools for exceptional

children 3,600 4305 114,800 $4388 9,727 109.70 523,800 737.000 739300

Federal schools for Indians 17) (7) (7) 7,545 6,970 8.00 11385 12,191 12201

Federal schools on Federal Insuntations 151 151 (7) f91 (7) 151 1.000 53.400 53.400

Higher education:

Resident demeenredit enrollment 237.592 355,215 597.680 1.100,737 1.594,203 2,659321 13215,644 7.138376 7345,340

Putdidy controlled 90.09 168.500 315.382 133207 786,531 1.354,902 11,831.782 5.111,937 5.477.160

Privately controlled 148.903 188355 282.498 588,090 697,672 1.304.119 11,383.763 2324238 2968.180

I Data for first tom of the academic yam.

7 Excludes subcollegiate departments of Institutions of higher education.

residential schools for exceptional children. and Federal schools.

Data for 1911-12.

Data from Bureau of the Census.

$ Estimetad.

6 includes estimates for nonreponing school &

5 Date not available.

8 Data for 1957-68.

9 Data for 1928-27.

7

10 Data for 1945-48.

II Data for 1917-18.

SOURCES: (1) U.B. Department of Had*. Education, and Welfare, National

Center for Education Statistics. Siatinicc of ems School Spawn SUS litalinice

of &Mk Schools; Statinice of Nonpublic fbanentup and leccindirry &book

1970-71: scedsmic veer and foil reports on enrollment in institutions of higher

education: and unsvidishad data 12) U.B. Dsparossint of Ostorneroa. Byrom of

the Census. assent PopubitIon Rapala Series P.20. (3) U.S. Deperatnnt of the

Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Stanttks Conoanbts helms fiducation.

21
Table 4. -74,01111 of 11111 population 3-to 34 yens old enrolled In school; by Noe. am Ind 89o: United 818191. October 1973

See and esp Total White

t91, .k end other raC01 Sem and am Total Whitete

inect and other rows ce Total Bieck Total [Sleek

1 2

' 3

. 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 8

BOTH SEXES

TOM. 3 to 34 Years

5 end (I years

7 to 9 wen ... ......

10 to 13 years . . ..... 14 and 15 years .. . . .. . . 18 and 17 years

18 end 19 years

20 and 21 years

n to 24 years

25 to 29 yens

30 to 34 yeas

MALE

Total. 3 to 34 Team

3 and 4 Years 6 and() yews

7 to 9 wen

10 to 13 wan

533

24.2 92.6

99.1 99.2

97 5

88.3

47.9

30.1 14.5 8.5 4.5

56.1 24.5 92.2

99.0

99.2

53.1

23.2

9 1 0 99.1 99.3

97.613 88.3

43.4

31.3

14.6 8.74 5

138.8 23.5

92.7 99.0

99.3

56.8

29.3

90.2

99.1

99.1 97.0

88.0

39.9

22.7

13.7 7.3 5.0

MS

30.2 WA

99.3

99.3

.... 55.5

28.9

89.9

99.2

99.0

98.7

87.7

37.8

20.5

12.4

8.1 8.0

me

29.2

89.0

99.2

99.1

14 and 16 years

113 and 17 years

18 and 19 years 20 and 21 Years 22 to 24 Veen

25 to 39 yea rs

30 to 34 years

FEMALE

Too. 3 to 34 vain

3 and 4 Wars 5 and 6 Wan

7 to 9 yews

10 to 13 Wen

14 and 15 veers 18 and 17 years

18 and 19 Van

20 and 21 Van

22 to 24 wan

25 to 211 years

30 to 34 Wen

97.9

89.4 47.9

34.4

19.1

11 .8 5.8

50.9

232

92.9 99.3

992

97.1 87.2

38.2 28.3

10.2 6.4

3.8

98.0

89.4

48 .4 35.7

19.8

12.1 5.4 50

22.9 93.2

99.3

99.3

97.1 87.3

38.7

27.4 9.9

5.4

3.8

97.4 88.3

44.9

26.0

18.0 9.5

82

53 .0 28.5 90.9

99.2

98.9

96.9 862

35.1 19.9

11.6 5.5

3

98.9

89.0

43.6

24.5

13.9 8.9

6.6

53 3..5 28.5

90.9

99.2

98.9

98.6

88.4

32.8

17.3

11.1 5.5

3.9

I Include' enrollment in any type of graded public. parochial or other private

school in the regular school system Includes nursery schools, kindergartens.

Momentary schools. his schools. colleges. universities. and professional schools.

Attendance raw be on either a fullume or ointment, bun, and during the day

or night. Enrollments in "special" schools, such as trade schools or business

colleges. are not included.

NOTE. -Data are based upon a sample survey of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal

population.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Cturenr

Population Reports Series P.20, No. 272.

Table S. - Percent of the population S to 34 years old enrolled in school, by apes Untied Stem October 1947 to October 1973

Veer Total.

5 to 34

years Byrn& 8 weal 7 to 9years 10 to 13 Veen

14 end 16

veers

f8 end 17

wort 18 and 19

years 70 to 24

years 25 to 29

years 30 to 34veers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1947 42.3 63.4 98.2 98.4 98.6 91.6 67.8 24.3 10.2 3.0 IP

1948 43.1 55.0 96.2, 98.3 911.0 92.7 71.2 28.9 9.7 22 .9 1949 43.9 55.1 98.2 98.5 98.7 93.5 89.5 25.3 9.2 3.8 1.1 1950 44.2 51.8 97.0 98.9 98.8 94.7 71.3 29A 9.0 3.0 .9

1951 45A 53.8 96.0 99.0 99.2 04.8 75.1 28.3 8.3 2.5 .7 1952 46.8 57.8 96.8 96.7 98.9 96.2 73.4 28.7 99 22 1.2 1953 48.9 58.4 97.7 99.4 99.4 96.5 74.7 31.2 11.1 2.9 1.7 1954 50.0 57.7 96.8 99.2 99.5 96.8 78.0 32.4 11.2 4.1 1.5 1955 502 58.1 96.2 99.2 99.2 95.9 77.4 31.5 11.1 4.2 12

1958 52.3 58.9 97.0 99.4 99.2 98.9 78A 35.4 12.9 5.1 1.9

:957 53.13 60.2 97.4 99.5 99.5 97.1 80.8 34.9 14.0 8.5 12

1958 54.8 83.8 97.3 99.5 99.5 98.9 802 37.6 13A 5.7 2.2 1959 ... ...... . 55.5 62.9 97 5 99.4 99.4 97.5 82.9 369 12.7 5.1 22

1980 56.4 63.7 98.0 99.6 99.5 97.8 62.8 38.4 13.1 4.9 2.4

1981 56.8 68.3 97.4 99.4 99.3 97.6 83.8 38.0 13.7 4.4 2.0

1982 57.8 66.8 97.9 90.2 99.3 98.0 84.3 412 15.8 5.0 22

1963 58.5 67.8 97.4 99.4 99.3 98.4 87.1 40.9 17.3 4.9 2.5

1984 58.7 68.5 98.2 99.0 99.0 98.6 87.7 41.8 18.8 5.2 22

1966 89.7 70.1 98.7 99.3 99.4 98.9 87.4 48.3 19.0 6.1 3.2

1908 80.0 72.8 97.8 99.3 99 3 98.6 88.5 47.2 19.9 8.5 2.7

1967 80.2 75.0 98.4 99A 90.1 98.2 88.8 47.6 22.0 6.8 co

1963 60.0 74 9 98.3 99.1 99.1 98.0 90.2 50.4 21.4 7.0 3.9

1969 80.0 78.2 98 2 111 3 99.1 98.1 89.7 50.2 239 7.9 4.9

1970 58.9 77.7 98 4 99.3 99.2 98.1 90.0 47.7 21.5 7.6 42

1971 58.5 82.5 98.4 99.1 99.2 98.6 90.2 49.2 21.9 8.0 4.9

1972 88.8 83.5 98.1 99.0 99.3 97.6 88.9 48.3 212 8.8 4.6 1973 . ..... . . . . 56.4 84.1 98.6 99.1 £9.2 I 97.6 88.3 42.9 20.9 8.5 4.5

'Includes children enrolled in kindergarten, but excludes those enrolled rn

nursery schools.

NOTE.-Date are based upon sample surveys of the civilian nonsnstrluttonal

population.

8

22

SOURCES: (I) U.S. Department of COMMIfe. Bureau of the Census. Current

Population Reports. Sarin P.20. 121 U.S. Department of Health. Education. and

Welfare. (im of Education, reports on Picini:nary Enrollment
Table °rm. ent of the popubtien 3 to 34 years old enrolled in salted, by ape and by State: Spring 1970

State

Percent entailed. by age

Tont. 3

to 34 yews

3 and

4 years

5 and

6 years

7 to

13 yews

14 and

15 years

16 and

17 yam

18 and

19 years

20 and

21 yews

22 to

24 yews

25 to

34 yam

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 UMW States 84.3 12.5 72.4 972 95.9 89.3 58A 30.7 14.6 6.1

Alabama 61.7 9.8 61.0 95.8 93.7 84.7 54.8 esa 11.3 4.1

Alaska 48.9 13.9 772 98.9 95.3 88.0 39.0 9.7 8.8 6.2

Maine 68.7 13.7 70.5 98.7 94.3 86.5 56.7 32.0 17.8 9.1

Mamas 61.0 6.2 44.4 95.6 94.1 64.7 51.9 27.3 10.3 3.8

California 55A 20.3 83.8 97.9 98.9 81.9 55.9 30.9 19.9 10.0

Colorado 65.8 18.1 78.0 97.9 97.3 912 60.3 33.6 18.8 7.8

Conneodcut 57.3 19.0 87.3 88.4 98.0 92.7 65.0 37.3 15.6 6.5

Delaware 54.4 15.9 78.5 97.6 98.7 80.7 55.8 25.8 10.5 5.7

Disalet of Columbia 50.8 25.7 81.5 96.9 95.4 87.3 ssa 34.8 18.7 9.3

Florida 54.1 19.1 73.3 97.0 94.4 803.4 64A 27.0 13.3 6.0

Geolgie 48.9 11.2 69.9 136A 93.6 81.7 47.2 21.8 9.9 3.9

Newell 52A 24.6 87.4 98.7 95.8 90.8 53.1 22.4 13.8 6.8

Idaho sea 5.3 136.7 96.7 95.3 91.8 83.5 32.0 18.1 6.7

Iliinnola 65.2 12A 80.5 97.7 969 90.3 66.8 32.2 ISA 8.0

Mame 54.0 8.6 70.5 97.6 98.8 88.2 55.3 30.9 13A 52

Iowa 68.4 7A 73.7 97.1 95.3 91.3 62.2 37.1 14.3 4.9

Kamm 55.7 11.3 74.1 97.5 96.3 90.7 60.8 34.2 18.3 6.3

Kentucky 49.5 5.9 52.3 95.8 93.2 79.7 44.9 23.5 11.3 4.2

Louisan, 53.3 11.0 65.7 98.1 93.3 85.3 60.9 25.8 11A 4.3

Moine 54.8 8.0 74.1 96.5 94.4 130.8 60.5 31.1 10.5 3.6

hbryland 54.0 15.8 79.9 97.8 96.8 892 83.4 28.2 13.5 8.8

Mossechinetts 56.7 14.0 77.5 98.3 97.5. 91.7 63.9 39.9 17.9 7.5

Michigan 58.7 10.2 81.8 98A 97.4 90.9 66.9 32.2 16.7 8.7

Minnesota 57.2 8.5 73.2 98.2 97.5 96.1 62.8 38.9 15.5 5.5

Mielbeippl 53.8 13.2 60.4 94.7 92.3 813 54.8 27A 10.8 3.8

Mbsouri 54.3 10.1 74.1 97.1 96.8 87.8 64.2 31.0 14.1 5.8

Montana 573 5.8 59.4 97.6 96.8 92A 83.7 38.7 17.9 LC

Nebraska 57.3 10.1 77A 97.4 96.8 92.5 64.0 38.8 17.2 8.8

Nevada 60.0 10.7 79.4 96.7 97.4 89.2 45.7 17.6 9.5 4.8

New Hampshire 52.8 8.0 68.1 96.5 96.3 87.2 60.3 34.8 12.2 4.4

New Jassy 55.5 14.2 81.1 98.1 97.1 92.1 68.0 30.8 13.1 5.8

New Mexico 68.0 10.2 63.1 96.6 949 88.8 66.8 27.5 5.8 7.5

New York 64.8 16.0 81.8 97.4 98.6 91.1 61.4 34.5 15.8 8.3

North Corollas 49A 9.8 52.0 98.8 94.2 83.5 . 49.8 23.9 9.8 3.4

North Darns 57.7 4.3 58.0 97.0 96.9 92.9 69.3 36.4 16A 5.4

Ohio 64.8 9.5 73.4 97.8 97.0 91.8 57.0 31.1 13A 4.0

(Mahone 54.1 11.0 70.8 989 95.2 89.8 57.1 31.8 14.8 8.0

Oregon 68.2 11.3 66.5 97.7 97.2 92.8 61.7 37.0 19.3 7.9

Pennwlmnis 65.4 10.7 78.7 97.6 913.7 91A 65.3 31.7 12.8 5.1

Rhode Island 53.5 14.3 82.3 97.9 96A 87.7 67.& 27.8 12.2 6.5

South *soffits 49.5 8.7 53.3 95.7 93.3 82.7 48.4 20.8 7.5 3.1

South Meats 60.0 7.1 72.8 97.6 95.4 92.8 68.8 402 18.7 4.7

Tennessee 49.9 8.8 64.7 95.6 92A 83.0 48.9 27.8 12.9 4.3

Texas 52.1 11.8 54.9 98.6 94.8 86.7 66.1 28.7 13.9 5.5

Utah 131.0 10.2 77.6 97.9 97.3 94.3 67.7 43.3 32.9 12.8

Vermont 64.6 8.9 89.0 99.7 94.9 90.1 64A 40.9 12.8 3.9

MOM 49.8 11.4 57.5 sea 95.2 869 53.5 23.1 10.8 4.9

Voteltington 55.3 13.6 78A 98.0 98.7 92.1 60.1 31.1 16A 7.2

%bet Virginia 51A 3.9 45A 95.2 92.7 93.8 53.7 30.2 11.5 4.0

INbconsin 57.5 9.1 76.8 98.3 97.1 911.0 61.6 39.3 15.9 5.5

Wyoming 65.6 5.9 87.1 97.2 96.7 9IA 61.1 33A 15.8 A. AMEND SOURCE: U.S. Oepertment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population: 1970. Oceerat 'addend 'concede Clopagenenkt. Sales PCIII-CI.

9
TON l.-PertiCipsnts In WM education. by 708706 of

insbuotions United States. 1069 end 1972

awes of oftutottion

Pottstown

Ion thoutenclel Penned t54740. I. 1072 !gee to 1972

3 3 4 Toni 19,041 10.734 210.7 47oor canon and onvonnon . 3.831 3.367

lonalootts ..... . . ......... 2.274 3.613 14.9 6out colngn and tonnual mum& . . 1.550 7.561 65.7 Public tlownonts9 and 'stolidity

Womb ...... 1.970 2.200 11 7 . Commonly otwastacon 1.554 teas 28.4 Promo onl. vout onot. and bonnets whoop' .... 1.504 1.393 -7 4 Otitis (labor anon. pri40001117 ONOCIIMOM halPiteK tuton) .................. . 2.56254

3.360

to

II 7

81A

1 Om to 1969 am to nobloc schools only.

NOTE.-04mir do not odd to town booms soon Nonunion hom Nero than one two

SOURCES: U.S. Oportment of Hank EduelatOn. and Vidlank NI11101111Cnew

for Education Stoosues. Adult Sefsseenan Parrielpenn and Rollciposton. 1709.

Ain Regan. and Adult Educsitoos Penktpona and Antknadon. 1973 Pull

Report fan tons).

oorliospontil roNOnd

Table 0. Participants in adult education, by type of mown:

United States, 1909 end 1972

Type of program

Panic pants

(In thousands) Percent demon. 1969 1972 1989 to 1972

2 3 4 Total 13.041 15.734 20.7 General education 3,653 4,074 14.7 Occupational training 5,816 7,310 297

Community issues 1,202 1,545 28.5 Penal& & family living 1,580 2,209 39.8 Social a recreationel team 1.552 1,895 291

Other & not reported 872 534 -96

NOTE.-Details do not add to totals because some prrtielpents enrolled In mote

than one tv04 of program.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, end Weft,. National Cents

for Education Statistics. Adult Education Participann and fbrOcIparfon.

Pun Report. and Addt Education Plinking= and fludginaden. Pad

Report lin pros).

Table 9. - Participants In adult basic education programs, by race or ethnic group, age, and sex: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973

Age and an Total

R503 or ethnic group

Odle&

American

Indian Black Oriental

SPirnish.surnemed

.._ Puerto

Rican

Mexican.

American Other

1 2 3 4 6 _

6 7 8 9

Tow 2620.281 13.800 MAO 43.954

.., 43,366 79,328 ,

88,848 314,568

Mektotal 354.816 5,234 94.862 13,208 19.893 37,455 44,393 139,771

Women, total 40.4813 0.588. 141,774 30,748 23,403 41,873 44,465 174,588

, 16-24:

Men 139.806 1,984 30,135 4430 10,973 16,048 13,022 57.214

Women 152,228 3,053 48,474 7,913 8.900 14,577 13,623 57.888

25-34:

Mon 97,823 1,428 25.034 3 197 4,350 11.485 12,744 38.807

Woman 127,381 2,364 35,970 9, '17 5,976 11.613 11,389 50.202

35-44:

Man 58,103 984 15,389 2,283 2,438 5,921 8,127 22,981

Women 89,132 1.792 25,651 6.404 4,494 8,508 8,195 34,288

45-54:

Men 32,658 514 9.423 1.202 1,248 2,707 4,948 12416

Women 53,546 835 17,488 3.026 2,388 4,543 5.933 19,333

55-64:

Man 17,489 205 5,591 627 587 986 3,825 5,847

Women 27,988 373 10,053 1,482 1,395 1.929 3.844 8.942

85 a over:

Men 8.959 120 3,280 669 297 328 1,729 2,528

Women 15,190 149 6.138 2.054 510 703 1,501 4.135

* Not classified ebeythere in this table.

2 Race or ethnic group, age, and sex not reported for 2,188 participants and

therefore not Included in any of these date.

10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Notional Center

for Education Statistics, Adult Bask Eigicadon Program Siadnica, fiscal year 1973.
Table 10. -Number of teachers' in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher education: United States,

1929-30 to 1971-72 -

Level of institution, by type of school

1979 30 1939 40 1949- 60 1969- 80 1989-70

...--

1971-72

Men Women Men Women Men Women Man Women Men

- Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 II

4 12 13 All levels 218,375 818,758 298.331 799,782 MOAN 859,082 887,708 1.173250 1.140280__ 1.873.033 1224.951 1295258

Elementary and secondary schools . 154,983 795.178 212.084 789.182 221.835 823,590 430.438 1.119.314 715,890 1.534.453 750,228 1,545.874

Elementary schools (including

kindergartens)3 68,705 633,819 10,187 589,860 58,407 607,258 124,588 828.865 191.024 1.080.443 204.127 1,080,238

Public 87.239 573.718 67,140 508,080 52.925 536.953 117.616 718.1613 1713,124 950.343 187.827 938.538

Nonpublic 41,466 460,101 3,047 N1800 15,482 170.805 58,950 1117,709 114,900 1130.100 118,300 1141.700

Secondary schools (including

tumor. senior, luniorsentur, and

regular high schools13 82.8139 152.405 138,384 192,023 158.5313 207,741 299.239 277,971 518,7713 464.010 548,101 485,438

Public 74.537 138,774 128,837 173,440 142.043 182.080 275,054 248,132 480.078 418,710 507,401 428.138

Nonpublic 48.157 413,631 11,547 18.583 1113,493 175,891 174,186 131,789 138.700 137.300 138,700 139,300

Motel lanw.us elementary and

secondary schools

Sober) Iterate departments of

colleges 1,684 1,751 1,968 1,753 3.031 2.785 3.973 5,739 13.000 13.800 13.000 13.800

Publicly controlled 339 248 524 389 1,447 1,851 2,222 3,935 11,700 52,600 11,700 52.800

Privately controlled 1,225 1.005 1,444 1,384 1,584 1,134 1,751 1,804 11,300 11200 51,300 11,200

Residential schools for exceptional

children 61,578 58,571 71,107 74,599 81,148 84,771 11,900 58,600 53.800 58,400 53.800 18.400

Federal schools for Indians . .. 447 1,132 438

".

947 7513 91,035 1758 91,189 91.0601. 91,590 91,123 71.684

er ok Higher education, 81,292 23,680 88247 30,570 1452131 44292 227270 54238 1425,000 5121200 1483.700 5132,300 -

25,401 12,904 35,702 14,311 68,483 21,245 118.838

... 27,705 1272,100 579.200 1310,000

. 191,000 Publicly controlled

Privately controlled 35.891 10.878 50,645 113359 79,399 23,247 110,434 28,631 1152,900 841,100 5513,700 541.300

I Number of teaching positrons. Includes librarians and guidance and psycho.

logical personnel when not separately reported: excludes supervisors and

principals.

2 Includes faculty for resident instruction In degreecredit COMM excludes

faculty engaged in administration, research, extension work, INC.

3 ExCludst subcolleglate departments of Institutions of higher education, resl

dentist schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools.

q Oats for 1927-28.

Estimated.

8 Data for 19213-27.

Distribution by sex estimated.

8 Date for 1945 46.

9 Beginning in 1959-80, date are for the first term of the acedernic yew.

NOTE. - Beginning In 1959-80. includes Alaska and Hawall.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, NatIond Center

for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Mouton In the United Stalte.

Statinice of Same School System Fend* end Other Profratiaod 3f07 ht

Inatinstiona of Higher Education. end unpublished date.

Table 11. - Estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total instructionalstaff for resident courses in institutions of

higher education: United States, felt 1973 end fall 19741

(Full-time and pert-time teachers and staff)

Level of instruction end type of control Fall 1973

-.. Fall 1974 Level of Instruction and type of Control Fall 1973 Fall 1974

I 2 3 1 2 3 Total elementary. secondary. and Public 1,148,000 1,135,000

Wen education 2291,000 3,008.900 Nonpublic 164,000 168,000

Public 2265E00 2.572.000 Secondary classroom teachers In regular and

Nonpublic 432,000 433,000 other schools/ 1,077,000 1,093,000

Elementary and secondary classroom teachers in Public 995,000 1,012,000

regular and other schools/ 2,377E00 2283.000 Nonpublic 82,000 81,000

2,141,000 2,147,000

r Public Higher education instructional staff for

Nonpublic 238,000 238=0 resident courses (first term)3 620,000

.. 822,000

r Elementary classroom teachers In regular and Public .. 424,000 425,000

other schools2 1,300.000 1290E00 Nonpublic 198,000 197,000

1 The 1973 figures for nonpublic and other elementary and secondary abaft

and for institutions of higher education, and all 1974 figures. are estimates.

Data for nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are not as conwhte as

those for public schoob: consequently, the estimates for nonpublic schools we

not as reliable as those for public schools or for higher education. The estimates

for 1974 are derived from expected enrollment changes confined with the

loneerrn trend in puplitsecher ratios.

2 The figures Include elementary and seconder/ classroom tetehers In regular

public and nonpublic schools and other schools, such as Federal schools for

11

25

Indians, federally operated schools on posts, subcolleglate *enrolments of

colleges, and residential schools for exceptional children. For 1973, the

numbers of such teachers are estimated as 12,000 In public and 2,000 in

nonpublic elementary schools: 4,000 in public and 3.000 In nonpublic

secondary schools.

3 Includes full-time and part-time stet, with rank of instructor or above, and

junior staff, such as graduate assistants, for instruction in resident courses.

SOURCES: Surveys end estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics,

U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Table 12. Number of Noel basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools by level and control, by State: 1972 73

State or

other area

systems r.

,m= 1

Nonpublic 0°0111 Institutions of

higher educetiont T.

Schools

with

wonder/

grades ocivi

Comb led

elementary.

secondary

schools

Elementary Secondary3 Public Privets

4 5 8 7 a 9

23.919 2.003 14.372 3,770 1,183 1.403

278 550 197 76 30 21

71 11 13 B 1 2

180 2 100 28 14 8

503 BB 14 8 11 1,483 1.234 333 114 102

414 151 38 21 I I 248 259 95 20 28

49 9 43 15 3 4

52 2 49 33 3 17 685 86 364 118 38 28

429 58 94 49 29 32

50 8 60 t4 8 5

177 8 38 8 8 3

1,095 37 1.053 172 50 es

525 78 373 51 8 38

707 254 48 18 38

528 144 32 28 24

358 217 48 8 28

371 213 322 108 12 I I 188 12 71 38 4 13

310 34 288 95 25 23

510 52 477 193 30 88

1,377 47 700 170 42 45

838 15 401 81 28 31

407 8 188 123 24 17 718 432 89 22 48

200 49 14 9 3

398 0 181 48 13 14 74 Hi 3 5 1 87 Its 81 32 4 15

425 804 183 28 33

218 84 19 8 3

1.117 188 IA78 420 79 148

444 159 142 63 68 48

284 48 12 9 3

1.020 703 149 32 69

718 45 12 26 14

332 5 120 33 20 20

1,073 135 1,217 287 31 115

83 6 108 30 3 10

331 31 128 30 22 24

227 75 18 8 10

371 77 118 38 19 43

2.019 475 126 77 55

189 a 23 5 9 4

58 10 38 19 6 13 482 90 208 80 38 33

532 43 191 53 31 12 347 43 18 14 10 820 882 85 28 30

113 113 I 8 0

0

6

(41 (4) 0

3

(41 (4l 0

8

(4) 141 1 0

1238 1202 /4) (4) 2 8

5 2

/41 /41 1

Public school

School

dimness

Schools

with

elementary

grades only

United Motel

2 3

Alabama

Alaska

Arlaona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

insane

tom

Kansas Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota Mississiold Missouri

Montane

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhoda Island

South Carolina

South manta

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

U.S. Service Schools

Outlying emu:

American Samoa

Canal Zone

Guam

Puerto Rico

Virgin islands

15.980

128

2b

298

387

1,058

181

188

28

87

188

1 115

1 090

312

452

311

19068

289

24

410

80's

444

150 BOO

732

1,404

17 167

803

87

754

162

375

821

860

339

508

40

93

231

147

1,135

40

27'

135,

318

55

442

80

112,942

830

248

594

717

8,518

807

909

142 137

1,341

1,318

158

370

3,449

LEO

1.327

1,177

1,146

842

851

989

1,909

2,504

1.199

841

1.593

855

1,533

181 385

2.052

431

3.123

1,425

478

3.197

1,174

947

3,180

323

817

881

1,338

3,248

372

348

1,238

1,130

984

1.898

275

27

1527

11,643

25

1 Data for 1970- 71.

2 Includes universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers collages end other independ

ant professional schools. and lunlor colleges.

Includes regular 4.year high schools. lunlor high schools, senior high schools,

and iuniorsenior high schools.

4 Data not available.

SOURCES: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Canter

for Education Statistics. Stalk*? of Public Islen.9991.7 and Secondary toy

Schools, Roil I97J: unpublished data from the survey of Nonpublic Elementary

and Secondary Education. 1970-71: end Fad Enrollment in Higher Education,

1972.
School Retention Rates

A new computation of school retention rates by

the National Center for Education Statistics indicates

that young people today stay in school longer than

their predecessors did a decade ago. As the

accompanying chart shows, about 98 percent of the

5th-graders in the fall of 1965 reached the 9th grade,

87 percent got as far as the 1 1 th grade, and

75 percent received a high school diploma in 1973.

The proportion of young people who graduated from

high school rose from about two-thirds in 1962 to

threefourths in the graduating class of 1973.

College attendance rates are also higher today than

they were in the early 1960's. Currently, about 43

percent of young adults (or close to 58 percent of the

recent high school graduates) enter a degree-credit

program in a college or university. A decade ago

slightly over one-third of the appropriate age group

entered college. Approximately 23 percent of persons

in their late teens in 1973 can be expected to

graduate from college with a bachelor's degree. Ten

years ago slightly more than one young person in six

went on to earn a 4-year degree.

The Office of Education bases its school retention

rates on 5th-grade enrollment because the high rate of

retardation in the early elementary grades tends to

inflate the enrollment figures for these grades.

Fifth-grade enrollment is regarded as a better measure

of the number of persons entering the 1st grade for

the first time 4 years earlier than is total 1st-grade

enrollment for that year.

Compulsory attendance laws keep virtually all

children in school at least until the 5th grade.

Retention rates are based on enrollment in public

elementary and secondary schools and are adjusted to

include estimates for nonpublic schools. The

computations include all college students, full tune

and part time, who are enrolled in programs

cred table toward a bachelor's degree.

For trends in school retention rates over the past

40 years, the reader may consult table 13 of this

report.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

13

27

FOR EVERY 10 PUPILS IN THE 8th GRADE IN FALL 1965

9.8 ENTERED THE 9th GRADE IN FALL 1969

9.7 ENTERED THE 11th GRADE IN FALL 1971

Mt Mid

7.5 GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL IN 1973

4.3 ENTERED COLLEGE IN PALL 1973

2.3 ARE LIKELY TO EARN BACHELOR'S DEGREES IN 1977

fi

Figure 2.Estimated retention rates, fifth grade

through college graduation:. United States,

1965 to 1977

SOURCE: Table 13 of this report,
Table 13. - Estimated retention rates.1 5th grade through college entrance. In public and nonpublic schools: United States. 1924 - 32 to 1965 -73

School year pupils

entered 5th wade

Retention per 1,000 pupils who entered 5th geode High school graduation First.

time

college

students

5th

grade

6th

grade 7th

grade

8th

grade

9th

grade

10th

wade

11th

wade

12th

grade

Number Year of

graduation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1924 25 1,000 911 798 741 612 470 384 344 302 1932 118

1920 27 1.000 919 824 754 677 552 453 400 333 1934 129

1928 -29 . . . . . . . 1.000 939 847 805 738 624 498 432 378 1938 137 1930 -31 1,000 943 872 824 170 652 529 483 417 1938 148

1932-33 1,000 935 889 831 788 684 570 510 455 1940 1130 1934-35 1.000 953 892 842 803 711 810 512 487 1942 129

1938-37 1,000 954 BBB 849 839 704 554 425 393 1944 121 1938-39 . . . . 1,000 955 908 853 798 555 532 444 419 1948 121 1940-41 1.000 968 910 838 781 697 586 807 481 1948 (21

1942 -43 1,000 954 909 847 807 713 004 539 505 1950 205

1914 -48 1,000 952 929 858 848 748 850 549 522 1952 234

1948-47 1.000 954 945 919 872 775 041 583 553 1954 283

1948-49 1,000 984 956 929 883 795 706 619 681 1958 301 1950-51 . . . .

. . . 1,000 981 988 921 888 809 709 632 582 1958 308

1952-53 1.000 974 965 938 904 836 748 687 821 1960 328

1954-55 1,000 9130 979 948 915 855 759 884 642 1982 343

1956-57 . . . . 1,000 985 984 9413 930 871 790 728 878 1904 382

Fall 1988 1,000 983 979 981 948 908 842 781 732 1958 384

Fall 19130 1,000 980 973 987 952 913 858 787 749 1988 482

Fall 1982 1,000 987 977 987 959 928 860 790 750 1970 481

Fall 1984 1,000 9130 985 976 978 942 8138 791 748 1972 433

Fell 1905 1.000 998 983 980 980 947 874 788 749 1973 433

I Rates for the 5th grade through high school graduation are based on

enrollments in successive wades in successive years in public elementary and

secondary schools and are adjusted to include estimates for nonpublic schools.

Rates for finttime college enrollment include fulltime and parttime students

enrolled in programs creditable toward a bachator's degree. 3 Data not available.

NOTE.-8eWnning with the class In the 5th grade in 1958, data are based on fall

enrollment and exclude ungraded pupils. The net effect of these changes Is to

Increase high school graduation and college entrance rates slightly.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States:

Statistics of State School Symons; Pall Statistics of Pub* Elementary and

Secondary Day Schools: and unpublished data.

Table 14. - Level of school completed by persons 25 years old end over and 25 to 29 years old, by color: United States, 1910to 1974

Color. age. and date

Percent. by level of

school completed Median

school

years coo. plated

Color, age, and date

Percent, by level of

school completed Median

school

years

cont *tad

Less than 5 yews of stamen. tary whom

4 years

of high

school or more

4 or more

years of

callow

UP than

5 years of

Omentary school

4 Where of high

school or more

4 Or MOM

years of

college

1 2 3 4 5

-.... 1 2 3 4 5

WHITE Aler) NONWHITE

25 rears old and over 25 to 29 mars old: 19101 23.8 13.5 2.7 8.1 19201 12.9 22.0 4.5 8.5

19201 22.0 lbA 3.3 8.2 April 1940 3.4 41.2 GA 10.7

19301 . 17.5 19.1 3.9 BA April1950 3.2 55.2 8.1 12.2 April 1940 13.5 24.1 4.8 8.8 April1950 2.2 63.7 11.8 12.3

April 1950 . .. . ...... 10.8 33.4 8.0 9.3 March 19711 .9 77.8 17.3 12.8

April 1960 8.3 41.1 7.7 10.5 March 1972 .8 81.5 19.9 12.7 March 1970 ..... . . 5.3 55.2 11.0 12.2 March 1974 1.1 83.4 22.0 12.8

March 1972 4.6 58.2 12.0 12.2 March 1974 4.4 81.2 13.3 12.3 NONWHITE

25 to 29 years old: 25 years old and over:

April 1940 5.9 37.8 5.8 10.4 April 1940 41.8 7.7 1.3 5.7

April 1950 4.8 51.7 7.7 12.1 April1950 31.4 13.4 2.2 8.9

April 1960 2.8 80.7 11.1 12.3 April 1980 23.5 21.7 3.5 8.2

March 1970 1.1 75.4 18.4 12.6 March 1970 ...... ... 14.7 38.1 8.1 10.1 March 1972 .8 79.8 19.0 12.7 March 1972 12.8 39.1 8.9 10.5

March 1974 1.2 81.9 20.7 12.8 March 1974 ...... ... 12.2 44.3 8.0 11.1 WHITE 25 to 29 yews old: 19201 44.6 6.3 1.2 5.4

25 years old and over: April 1940 28.7 12.1 1.8 7.1 April 1940 10.9 28.1 4.9 8.7 April1950 15.4 23.4 2.8 8.7

April 1960 8.7 35.5 8.4 9.7 April 1980 7.2 38.6 5.4 10.8

April 1980 17 43.2 8.1 10.8 March 1970 2.2 68.4 10.0 12.2 March 1970 4.2 57.4 11.8 12.2 March 1972 1.2 6135 11.8 12.4 March 1972 3.7 60.4 12.8 12.3 March 1974 1.8 71.3 11.0 12.5

March 1974 3.5 63.3 14.0 12.4

I Egirnstes based on retrolection of 1940 censor data on education by age.

NOTE.- -Prior to 1950. data exclude Alaska and Hawaii. Data for 1972 and 1974

are for the noninititutional population.

14

SOURCES: U.S. Dem moot of Comma or, Bureau of the Census, 1960 Census

of Population. Vol. 1, Pert 1 Current Population flePorft. Series P20:

Series P19. No. and 1960 Census Monograph. Education of the American

Population. by John K. Polars and Charles B. Nem.

28
Tab 15. - Median school yen completed by Perms 25 von cold end ova. by Mr ma, end 012101 1970

State

Total

population,

25 Veen

old and

WM

Men Women

Total White Black

Persons of

Spanish

haulage

Total White Black

Persons of

Spanish

heritage

1 2 3 4 8 6 7 e 9 10 United Sato 12.1

, 12.1 12.1 9.4 9.9 12.1 12.1 10.0 9.4

10.8 10.7 11.8 7.4

r , Alabama 12.8 10.9 11.8 8.5 12.5

Alaska 12.4 12.8 12.8 12.3 12.8 12.4 12.8 12.3 12.8

Arlsona 123 12.3 12.3 9.4 9.3 12.2 12.3 9.9 8.8

Arkansas 10.5 10.2 10.8 7.1 12.2 10.8 11.3 8.3 12.1 California 12.4 12.4 12.5 11.9 10.8 12.3 12.4 12.0 10.4 Colorado 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.2 10.0 12.4 12.4 12.2 9.8

Connecticut 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 10.4 12.2 12.2 11.0 9.8

Delmore 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.8 12.3 12.1 12.2 10.2 12.1 District of Columbia 12.2 12.2 15.1 11.1 13.4 12.2 12.8 11.8 12.4 Fierily 12.1 12.1 12.2 8.3 11.9 12.1 12.2 9.2 10.4 Georgia 10.8 10.8 11.8 7.3 12.9 10.8 11.5 8.3 12.8

Hawaii 12.3 12.3 12.7 12.5 12.0 12.3 12.8 12.7 11.8

Idaho 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 e.e 12.3 12.3 12.0 9.0

Illinois 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.5 9.4 12.1 12.1 10.8 9.0

Indiana 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.2 10.8 12.1 12.1 10.8 10.8

lows 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.0 12.1 Kansas 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.7 112 12.3 12.3 11.0 10.7

Kentucky 9.9 9.5 9.8 8.9 12.7 10.3 10.3 9.7 12.8 Louisiana 10.8 10.7 12.0 7.4 12.2 10.8 11.9 8.3 12.0

Maine 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 129 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.5

Maryland 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.5 13.1 12.1 12.2 10.3 12.8 Massachusetts 122 12.2 122 11.5 12.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 11.4 Michigan 12.1 12.0 12.1 10.2 10.4 12.1 . 12.2 10.9 10.7 Minnesota 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.2 MississloM 10.7 10.4 12.1 8.5 12.7 10.9 12.1 8.1 12.4 Missouri 11.8 11.7 12.0 9.7 123 11.8 12.0 10.3 12.1 Montana 12.3 122 123 12.3 11.4 12.3 12.4 122 12.0

Nebraska 12.2 122 122 10.8 10.8 12.3 122 11.4 11.3 Nevada 12.4 12A 12.4 10.7 12.1 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.0

New lfariodike 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.7 123 122 12,5 12.4 New Amy 12.1 12.1 12.2 102 8.4 123 12.1 10.7 8.0

Nov Mexico 122 12.2 12.3 112 9.8 12.1 122 10.6 9.8

New York 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.8 88 12.1 12.1 10.9 8.3

North Carolina 10.8 10.3 10.8 7.9 128 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.8

North Dakota 12.0 10.8 10.9 12.8 128 123 12.2 12.3 12.3 0Mo 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.3 11.3 12.1 12.1 10.8 113

Oklahoma 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.4 11.7 Oregon 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.4. 12.0

Pennsylvania 12.0 11.9 12.0 10.1 8.2 12.0 12.1 108 7.8

Rhoda Island 11.5 11.5 11.5 10.8 122 11.8 11.8 10.8 11.8

South Carolina 10.5 10.3 11.4 7.1 123 10.8 11.4 8.1 12.5

South Dakota 12.1 11.5 11.8 12.3 11.9 122 12.3 12.3 11.9 Tennessee 10.8 10.4 10.9 8.4 12.9 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.6

Texas 11.8 11.7 12.0 9.3 7.8 11.8 11.9 10.0 7,0

Utah ' 12.8 12.5 128 11.7 10.7 12.4 12.4 11.3 10.5 Vermont 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.4 128 12.3 12.3 123 12.8

Virginia 11.7 11.4 12.1 8.0 13.0 11.8 12.1 9.0 12.8

Washington 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.0 12.0 12.4 12.4 11.8 11.9

West Virginia 10.9 10.3 10.3 8.9 12.3 10.8 10.8 10.0 12.2 Wisminsin 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 10.2 12.2 122 10.7 10.7 Wyoming 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.3 9.0 12.4 12.4 11.0 9.5

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Como of

Population: 1970, Genensi Social and Economic Charectmedeu Series PCM-C.

1S

29
Table 18, -Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by Stets: 1970

State

Number of

persons 25

years old

and

over Total

Percentage distribution, by years of school completed

No

school Yawn completed

Elementary school High school College

1 to 4

Yeah

8 or 6 Veers 7 Wen

8

yea"

1 to 3

yeas

4 i to 3 4

years years years

5 or more

years

United Sane

Alabama

Alaska

Anions Arkansas California

Colorado

Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia

Plaids

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indians

Iowa Kansas Kentucky

Louisiana

Wine

Maryland Massachusetts Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Caroline

South Dakota

Tennessee Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

2

109,899.359

1.808.798

134.948

915,737

1.057.512

10275,9133

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.141.138

1.685298

287.395

423.061

3067.881

2.355.810

384,843

368.912

6.089.328

2,746,414

1.540,588

1,225,988

1,713,298

1.809.914

537.823

2.082.549

3.142,463

4,594,481

1.990.387

1,111.788

2.602,279

364,508

804.623

265,089

397.681

4.056,608

489,623

10.418.555

2.646,272

318.339

5,700,317

1,422.669

1,156.024

6.689,938

524.082

1,283)337

349 ,497

2,127,948

5,817.158

492.337

232.643

2.446.082

1.825.888

969.436

2,329,796

175.849

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100A

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1.6

2A

2.5

2.5

2.11.5

1.0

1.8

1.2

1.2

1.6

2.2

3.0

.7 1.2

.9

.6

.7 1.7 3.9

.9

1.1 1.9

1.1

.7 2.7

.9

.7

.8

.9

1.6

3.3

2.2

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

.7

IA

2.2

2.6

.6 1.7 3.0

.9

.8

1.6

.7 1.6

.9

3.8

8.3

3.4

3.6

2.8

2.2

2.5

2.6

4.1 4.3

8.9

5.3

1.6

2.9

2.3

1.3

1.6 7.7 9.2

1.9 3.5

2.3

2.6

1.7 9.7

3A

2.0

1.7

1.51A

3.1 6.6

3.1 8.0

3.1 2.6

4A

1.6 2.8

3.2

9.5

2.1 7.8

6.3

1.11.5 8.0

1.5 5.8

2.3

1.8

5.7

10.7

3.1 4.5

8.9

4.0

3.1

4.8

4.9

8.3

8.4

9.3

5.8

2.6

4.6

4.1 2.7

2.8

8.3

10.3

4.0

7.1 4.8

4.132

9.3

4.9

3.1 2.8

2.8

3.5

5.8

5.6

58

9.8

4.5

4.6

6.8

2.8

5.7

6.3

10.0

3.2

8.7

7.4

2.0

3.3

8.3

2.6

8.8

4.0

2.7

4.4

8.5

2.3

3.2

5.8

2.7 2.7

4.1 4.1 4.6

4.17.5

2.5

2.6

3.7

3.9

3.0

3.15.9

6.4

3.6

8.1 3.8

3.7

3.5

5.3

4.6

3.1 2.8

1.9 3A

4A

3.7

3.9

8.5

4A

3.7

4.7

3.2

4.5

5.6

7.3

3.2

5.7

BA

2.0

32

8.7

2.8

5.6

3.7

2.4

12.8

8.9

7.1 11.0

15.2

82

11.1 12.9

10.5 7.7

11.4 8.4

8.2

14.3 16.2

15A

18.5

16.1 21.2

8.7

16.0

9.7

9.9

13.5

19A

11.7 20.0

16.2

17.3

8.7

152

13.1 9A

13.0

8.8

26.7

13.4

13.5

13.2

14.7 12.9

8.7

24.8

18.1 8.2

7.8

17.6

7.6

11A

19.1 18.9

12A

19.4

21.9

14.9

17.1 19.9

17.6

18.1 17.9

22.1 20.9

19.6

23.2

13.3

18.7 18.8

20.5

15.0

15.8

16.6

19.2

19.8

20.3

18.9

22.1 14.0

20.3

17A

15.7

15A

19.6

17.8 19.5

17.1 19.4

24A

11.0

21.5

18.9

18.5

20.6

23.5

24.1 12.8

18.3

22A

19.2

16.7 20.0

17.6

17.6

15.7

17.1

31.1

25.0

12.7 31.6

25.6

32.8

11 12 13

10.6 6.1 4.6

7.5 5.1 2.7

14.9 7.8 6A

13.9 6.7 6.9

7.6 4.2 2.5

16A 7.0 6.5

34A 14.8 8.5 6A

31.7 10.7 7.8 8.9

31.7 9.8 7.5 5.6

26.2 11.2 8.1 9.7

30.7 11.6 6.3 4.0

22A

35.9

34.13 31.9

38.1 38.7

35A

24.1 24.7

35.1 29.5

34.9

33.7

34.5

23.9

30.8

34.0

37.2

38.9

34A

31.8

30.0

31.2

21.7

27.6

35.3

30.0

35.0

34.6

29.0

20.6

31.2

26.7

25.1 35.9

33.0

25.2

38.2

27.6

34.8

38.2

9.0 6.1 3.2

12.0 7.7 8.3

15.0 6.2 3.8

10.4 6.0 4.3

8.5 4.5 3.9

11.1 5.5 3.6

12.7 6.6 4.8

7.2 4.2 3.0

8.5 8.5 3.6

11.2 5.5 2.9

9.9 7A 6.6

11.0 8.8 5.7

9.7 5.1 4.3

12.0 6.13 4.5

9.0 BA 2.7

9.3 5.2 3.8

14.1 8.9 4.1 12A 5.7 3.9

15.5 6.3 4.5

12.3 8.9 3.9

8.8 7.0 4.9

12.5 6.8 8.0

9.6 6.2 5.6

8A 8.5 2.9

14.3 5.2 3.2

8.7 5.3 4.0

11.6 5.8 4.3

13.3 6A SA

7.0 6.1 3.7

8.0 5A 4.0

8.3 6.2 2.7

13.6 5.3 3.3

8.2 4.9 3.0

11A 6.4 4.6

17.4 7.6 13A 12.6 7.0 4.6

10.3 7.2 5.1 14.5 6.7 8.1 7.3 4.0 2.8

9.9 5.8 4.0

14.8 72 4.6

NOTE.-Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of ComnIefte. Bureau of the Cerium Cenew of

Populadon: 1970. General Social and Economic Charoctertnics. Series PC111-C1.
Illiteracy in the United States

The illiteracy rate in the United States was cut in

half during the 1960's, according to sample surveys

conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The latest

data indicate that in November 1969 only 1.0 percent

of the population 14 years of age and over were

unable to reed and write a simple message in English

or in some other language. A similar survey

conducted in March 1959 found that 2.2 percent of

the persons in the same age group were illiterate.

The Bureau of the Census has collected statistics

on illiteracy since 1840, but the figures for 1840,

1850, and 1860 are not regarded as comparable with

those for subsequent years. Reasonable comparability

has been maintained since the census of 1870. The

data show that 100 years ago illiterates constituted

20 percent of the population. In other words, the

proportion of illiterates was 20 times as great in 1870

as it is today (see the accompanying chart). Each

generation tends to spend more years in school than

the generation that preceded it, and illiteracy declines

as the older people in the population are replaced by

younger ones.

Traditionally, the illiteracy rate has been higher

for men than for women, but in 1969 the difference

was negligible: 1.1 percent of the men and

Percent eo

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

1.0 percent of the women were classified as illiterate.

This may be attributed in part to the fact that women

live longer than men, and illiterates are more likely to

be found in the older age groups.

The census surveys have consistently found that

the inability to read and write is more prevalent

among blacks than among the white population. In

1870, for example, 79.9 percent of the nonwhite

population were illiterate as compared with

11.5 percent of the white. In 1900, the comparable

percentages were 44.5 and 6.2, respectively. In recent

years, however, dramatic strides have been made

toward the eradication of illiteracy among all

Americans. The illiteracy rates in 1969 were

0.7 percent for whites and 3.6 percent for blacks.

For additional information the reader may wish to

consult the Bureau of the Census publication,

Illiteracy in the United States: November 1969

(Osrrent Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 217).

The report may be obtained for 15 cents from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 3.Percent of illiteracy in the population, by rase:

United States, 1870 to 1869

Nn

Black and other races*

\

Total

\ ".

hite. 0

1870 1900 1930

I Data for 1989 are for blacks only.

NOTE.Data for 1870 to 1930 are for the population 10 years old and over; data for

1969 and 1999 are for the population 14 years old end over.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population

Reports. Series P-20, No. 217.

1959 1969

17
Table 17.- Illiteracy of the pooutetloo. by Stow 1900. 1930. NW 1960

State

Number

illiterate

19601

Percent illiterate

1960! 1930 1900

1 2 3 4 5

UMW Suns, 3255,000 2.4 42 11.3

Alabama 93.000 4.2 14.0 35.1

Alaska 5,000 3.0 20.5 40.8

Arizona 33.000 3.8 11.0 30.0

Arkansas 45.000 3.6 7.6 21.3

California 203.000 1.8 2.8 5.3

Colorado 16.000 1.3 3.1 4.6

Connecticut 41.000 22 5.1 6.5

Delaware 6,000 1.9 4.4 13.2

District of Columbia 11,000 1.9 1.7 9.4

Florida 92,000 2.6 7.7 23.4

Georgia 120.000 4.5 10.4 32.1

Hawaii 21.000 5.0 17.6 35.2

Idaho 4,000 .8 1.2 5.1

Illinois 128,000 1.8 2.7 4.8

Indiana 40,000 1.2 12 5.2

Iowa 14,000 .7 2.7

Kansas 14.000 .9 1.4 3.3

Kentucky 70,000 3.3 7.3 18.1 Louisiana 137.000 6.3 15.1 39.8

Maine 9.000 1.3 3.0 5.6

Maryland 41.000 1.9 4.2 12.1 Massachusetts 83,000 2.2 4.0 6.5

Michigan 84,000 1.6 2.2 4.8

Minnesota 23.000 1.0 IA 4.6

Mississippi 71.000 4.9 142 30.1

Missouri 62.000 1.7 2.6 7.0

Montane 5,000 1.0 1.9 6.6

Nebraska 9.000 .9 1.3 2.6

Nevada 2.000 1.1 4.8 13.8

New Hampshire 8,000 1.4 3.0 6.7

New Abaft 99.000 2.2 4.3 6.5

Now Mexico 24,000 4.0 14.9 35.7

New York 355.000 2.9 4.1 8.1

North Carolina 125,000 4.0 11.5 30.1

North Dakota 6.000 1.4 1.7 6.1

Ohio 99.000 1.5 2.5 4.5

Oklahoma 32,000 1.9 3.1 11.7

Oregon 10,000 .8 1.1 3.7

Pennsylvania 186,000 2.0 3.5 6.9

Rhode Island 15.000 2.4 5.6 9.2

South Carolina 87.000 5.5 18.7 37A

South Dakota 4.000 .9 IA 5.8

Tennessee 88.000 3.5 8.0 21.9

Taxes 272.000 4.1 7.3 16.6

Utah 5.000 .9 IA 3.6

Vermont 3.000 1.1 2.4 6.4

Virginia 94.000 3.4 9.7 24.3

Washington 18,000 .9 1.1 3.4

West Virginia 35.000 2.7 5.6 12.6

Wisconsin 35.000 1.2 9.1 5.4

Wyoming 2,000 .9 1.8 4.4

I Estimated.

NOTE.-Date refer to the population 15 years old and over In 1900 end 1930,

and to the population 14 years old and over In 1980.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports. Series P-23. No. 8.

18

Table W.-Percent of *does who felled to mast the mantel rooks

menu for Induction Into the awned melons by 60115: 1972

State or other area

Total

Relied frontal

requirements only

Mentally

and medically

disqualified

Total

Felled

rantsl

tests

Train.

ability

limited

1 2 3 4 5 6

United States 9.9 8.7 38 3.2 3.2

Alabama 28.8 18.3 8.6 9.7 10.3

Alaska 9.8 3.8 18 18 6.0

Arizona 78 4.4 12 32 3A

Arkansas 18.4 102 7.7 3.1 5.6

California 8.3 4.4 1.7 2.7 18

Colorado 4.5 3.0 1.8 1.4 1.5

Connecticut 4.4 2.1 12 08 2.3

Delaware 9.6 8.5 5.5 1.0 3.1

District of Columbia 20.4 12.5 11.1 1 A 78

Florida 11.3 8.0 5.5 2.5 3.3

Georgia 24.8 198 11.6 82 5.0

Howell 14.7 102 48 5.8 4.1

Idaho 3.6 2.3 1A 08 1.3

Illinois 6.5 48 2A 2.4 1.7

Indiana 8.5 4.6 18 2.7 18

Iowa 3.3 2.1 0.13 1.5 12

Kansas 2.6 1.7 0.8 1.1 08

Kentucky 17.6 10.0 5.7 4.3 7.5

Louisiana 23.7 172 12.3 48 13.5 Maine 4.9 28 1.0 18 2.0

Maryland 7.3 4.8 4.3 0.5 2.5

Massachusetts 4.0 2A 1.0 1.4 1.8

Michilan 5.4 32 1.7 1.6 22

Minnesota 18 1.1 0.5 0.6 08

Missisdppi 36.2 26.6 17.1 9.5 8.6

Missouri 38 22 12 1.0 1.7

Montana 2.0 12 0.3 08 02

Nebraska 2.5 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 Nevada 7.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 28

New Hampshire 4.3 2.0 0.8 1.4 2.3

Mew SSW 7.8 5.8 2.8 3.0 2.0

Mew Mexico 12.1 8.8 3.4 52 3.5

Mew York 8.6 5.3 22 3.1 3.3

North Carolina 20.4 152 8.3 88 52

North Dakota 3.5 2.1 0.5 1.6 1.4

2hio 8.8 4.2 1.6 2.7 2.6

Alehonse 9.8 8.3 0.6 5.8 3.6

Dragon 2.7 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.7

Pannsyhenla 6.7 3.7 2.0 1.7 2.0

Rhode island 6.0 6.1 2.4 2.7 08

Muth Caroline 338 258 14.3 112 6.3

Muth Dakota 2.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.1

rennessee 20.3 13.5 7.1 6A 88

ream 122 8.3 3.8 4.5 4.6

Ash 4.1 28 1.7 12 12

Ferment 4.3 2.1 0.8 1.5 22

iirginie 16.0 .11.5 7.8 3.7 4.5

Vashington 4.0 1.8 02 1.6 22

Vest Virginia 17.3 9A 6.1 4.3 78

Visconsin 48 3.2 1.3 18 1.7

thoming 2.4 18 0.7 1.1 0.6

Outlying arms:

hem and Wiens

Islands

overt° Rico and

37.1 26.0 102 14.8 12.1 Virgin islands 782 592 488 10.7 16.7

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General,

Summary of Registrant Examinations So Seduction.

32
Table 19. -Occupotlon of employed persons 16 years old and over, by sox, C010f, and yews of school completed: United States, March 1973

Sex. color, end occupation

...

' Total

employed

lin

thousands/

Percentage distribution, by yews of school completed

Median

school

years

completed

Total

Elementary school

, High school College

Lees then

8 Mimi

,

-,... 8

years

110 3 wars 4

years

1 to 3 4 years

Peers or more

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10

Men

MIN

AU occupation groups 45,878 100,0 6.7 7.8 17.2 38.8 15.1 18.8 12.5

Profaisiond, techvieel, and kindred workers 8,517 100.0 0.8 0.9 2.3 15.4 18.7 04.1 18.7

Mammy end adminimators, except farm 8,889 100.0 2.5 3.8 8.7 38.5 21.4 28.4 13.0

Sales workers 3.070 100.0 1.6 2.8 11.1 35.8 25.8 23.3 13.0

Clerical and kindred workers 2,995 100.0 1.8 3.7 14.0 48.4 25A 9.2 12.7

Craftsmen end kindred workan 9,952 100.0 7.1 9.9 21.3 47.8 11.4 2.8 12.2

Operatives. excel trartsporaitiOn 5,650 100.0 11,4 11.7 25.9 40.9 8.7 1.3 12.0

Transportation millnent nicalutives 2,815 100.0 10.9 11.9 27.4 39.8 8.8 1.8 12.0

Laborers, except farm 2,820 100.0 14.1 9.4 28.5 35.0 11.4 1.8 11.8

Service workers, Including private household 3.408 100.0 9.3 9.3 28.8 35.0 16.2 3.8 12.1

Farm workers 2,180 100.0 19.3 19.0 18.4 31.2 7.4 4.8 10.9

Black and QM noes

MI emotion stoups 5.014 100.0 17.1 8.8 24.0 31.4 9.0 9.1 12.0

Professional, technical, and kindred workers 417 100.0 0.7 0.2 3.8 18.6 18.8 82.8 18.8

Managers end adminiaraton, except farm 250 100.0 1.6 2.8 8.8 31.0 19.2 38.0 13.8

Sales and clerical workers 814 100.0 8.8 4.1 13.8 48.3 22.0 7.2 12.8

Craftsmen and kindred workers 877 100,0 12.4 10.2 28.4 39.7 9.4 1.9 12.0

Operatives. except tranaportetion 903 100.0 18.4 9.7 27.3 37.9 7.9 .8 11.8

TrenePortation equipment operatives 493 100.0 19.1 13.8 32.7 29.8 3.9 1.8 10.7

Laborers, except farm 790 100.0 30.1 10.9 30.1 23.9 4.2 .9 9.9

Service workers. Including private househild 805 100.0 19.7 9.4 30.8 28.2 8.9 3.2 11.1

Farm workers 185 100.0 85.8 11.5 18.8 10.3 3.8 3.0 7.2

Worms

White

AN Demotion groups . 27,962 100.0 3.9 8.8 17.1 48.6 14.2 12.7 las

Professional, technical, end kindred workers 4,324 100.0 0.2 0.7 2.3 19.0 17.7 60.2 16.5

Managers and edministraton, except farm 1,492 100.0 2.9 4.0 10.9 48.8 18.2 16,6 12.7

Ma workers 3.068 100.0 1.8 5.7 21.9 51.8 15.0 4A 12.4

Clerical and k indred workers 9,915 100.0 .8 1.7 10.8 63.8 19.3 4.4 12.8

Craftsman, operatives. and leborefe, except

farm 4.389 100.0 10.5 13.4 30.0 40.8 4.0 1.2 11.8

Private household workers 811 100.0 11.1 12.8 45.3 23.7 5.2 2.2 10,7

Services workers, except private household 4,570 100.0 8.8 9.8 27.0 43.8 10.7 2.1 12.2

Finn working 385 100.0 12.3 15.9 25.3 399 5.0 2.8 11.6

Meek end other U

All occupation group 3.972 100.0 11.5 5.9 23.0 38.0 12.9 10.3 12.3

Professional and manegeriel. and kindred workers: 608 100.0 1.2 1.8 4.0 20.9 17.0 55.4 16.3

Sees and clerical workers 1,068 100.0 2.3 1.0 15.0 529 24.0 4.9 14.8

Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, enePt faan . .. 898 100A 14.8 8.9 31.8 39.3 8.6 .9 11.7

Private household workers 558 100.0 34.4 11.8 34.8 15.9 29 .4 9.3

Service workers, mops privets household 1,010 100.0 11.9 9.1 29.9 39.8 8.0 1.4 119

Fenn workers 32 (3) - - - - - -

I Includes persons reporting no school yam completed.

2 Includes profe:Jond and technical workers end managers, officials, end

proprietors, except farm,

3 Percent and median not shown when base b less then 75,000.

571-602 0 - 75 - 3

19

33

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Elmo. of Labor Statistics, Special Labor

Force Report No. 181, &Motional Ma:bonen of Workers. March 1973.
Tab 30. -Teal mad mousy ammo d moo 25 van old and oar. by yeas of school 'madded, ao, ad as Wad Was, 1972

so, income.

end sot Total Yin of othool corolead

Ilementser school Nth Moo, Moo Medlin

taboo, yews oompletsd Total Less Ow 8

8 Total 1 to 3 4 Total 1 to 3 4 Of moss Tout 4 Sot

=OP

2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

INN

Tool

TM doom

Total $1 1011499 or loss

WOO to $999

91,000 to 91,499

91,800 to 91.899

$2200 to $2.499 WACO to 13.993 $3.000 to 13.989

$4.000 to 94.999

$5.000 to $5299

96.000 to $8893

97,000 to $7

WACO to 19299

$10200 to $14299

$15.000 to $24,999 . 135.000 and oar

Toed. di am

25 to 34 van

35 to 44 Years 45 to 54 von

55084 van

65 years and owe WOMEN

Tess) Vdth intorno Told

$1 to $499 as loss

1500 to $999

$1.000 to $1990

$1.500 to 91.999

MOO to $2.489

92.500 to 92,999

23200 to $3899

14200 to $4299

$5200 to $5.909 WACO to 16.990 17.000 to $7.989

18.000 to 19.999

$10,000 to $14299

915.000 to 924299

126.000 and over Tow. di ow

25 to 34 aeon

35 to 44 veal

45 to 54 years

55 to 04 yews

66 veers and oast

Numbar, OURASIVOI

08,997

BUN

21.0103 1E901

6.167 6,119

6257

35.151 11.120 5204 1.011

MOO

14240

14,740

2.471

8214

UZI

1909

3.1131 LEO

133

123

Prosnuee dittribution of nun with Nome 100.0

1.2 13

2.1 2.7

3.2

2.7 BA

52

5.8

6.3 6.6

13.7 253

13.0 4.3

100.0 12

3.1d2

8.7

7.3 5.5

11.8 9.8

8.9

7.3 6.3

10.4 12.4 2.9

1.9 43

62

8.3

82

8.2

12.3 92

8.8

7.0 52

8.9

9.3

1.5 0.7

100.0

1.2 1.7 3.4

48

5.6

5.0

11.3 9.7

9.2

7.7

7.1 12.1 15.9 42

0.7

1002

1.2 0.7

1.3 18

2.1 4.4 4.9

5.7

7.1 78

17.2 30,8

11.0 23

100A

1.3 1.0

IA

2.4

3.2

2.7 8.4

6.8

7.5 8.6

6.5

16.5 2A

1.3

100.0

1.1 0.6

0.9

1.2 1.6

1.5 3.5

4.1 6.5

7.8

17.4 33.6

13.0 3.6

100.0

0.9

0.6

0.9

1.0

1.3

1.5 2.8

3.0

3.2

4.0

4,13 10.9 29.0

25.1 11.0

100.0

1.1 0.8

0.9

1.2

1.7 1.9 3.3 3.6

3.9

5.4 5.9

14.0 32.9

18.0 5.5

iob.o

0.8

0.5

0.9

02

1.0

1.2 2.4

2.5

3.7 3.0

3.9

8.7

28.1 30.4

15.1

1002

1.0 0.5

0.7

0.9

1.2

1.4

2.1 2.7 28

2.9

4.6

9.7 27.8

29.6

12.3

100.0

02

0.5

1.1 0.8

0.9

1.0

2.8 2.3

2.4

3.0

3.17.4

31.3 IU

12.0 8.4

8.5

8.5

8.7 82

9.0

10.1 102

122

12.2

12.3 12.6

13,6

163

Mellen Mom

Mal

9,218

11.035

10.771 8.902

3,748

$42193

5,683

5.960

7.187 6.140

3.151

$4260

5.234 388

66,257 4.957

2,704

90.789

6.293

8.022

8.124

7.335

3,716

00301

8.913 10395

10,597

.49 421278

97.970

7,432

9,125

9.309

48.,59197 6

09905

9.318

10,951

11,291

1E159

4,840

MAI

10,729

14295

15,348

13,731

6.842

$10.971

12.572

.284

13,125

12,073

5.503

$14.115

11,761

17,396

18294

18,493

7.914

$13320

1611,385 265

17.283 14227

7243

$HAN

12,249

17,968

19232

18,589

8.500

Number, in thousands

69.799

41.452

13.553 9231

7.125

6,179

ens

42ln

$3.711 Mid 10.950

6,96,

24437

WOO

01.010 %ad

4419

0.755

4,517

3.005

1.910

1.790

1.990

122

Paroantsoa distribution of women MO Incorre 100.0

8.1 9.0

10.2 82

7.7 5.8

10.6 8.8

7.4 5.9

5.3 5.9

5.11.0 0.3

100.0

8.8

14.9

19.5

15.6 102

7.1 10.0 62

3.9

2.2 1213

0.7

0.2

111

100.0 6.9

16.9 20.5

17.4

10.4 6.6

8.3 6.0

3.0

1.4

1.0 02

0.5

0.1

111

100.0

162.7 .8 18.3 132

11.5 7.0

11,8

7.2 4.9

3.0

3.0

1.7 OA

0.3

0.1

82

7.7 0.3

7.7

7.2 5.9

12.3 10.4 9.2

7.2

5.8 52

3.6 OA

0.2

100.0

8.0

9.7

10.1

10.1 9.1 7.6

13.7 9.8

7.3 5.3 3.9

3.118

0.2

0.1

100.0 8.8

62

7.5 6.5

8.3

5.1

11.7 10.7 102

8.0

6.6

6.7

4.3 OA

0.2

100.0

8.4

52

5.7

4.6

58

4.1 7.3

7.2 ea

7.0

8.3

12.0

13.8

3.1 0.7

9.0

6.5

6.8

5.7

6.5

5.1 9.3

9.0

8.7

7.9

7.5 9.3

7.3

1.3 0.4

1421.0 4.8

4.5

3.5

4.8

3.2

5.2

5.8

5.2

6.2

ea

14.7 19.9

4,111 1.0

100.0 9.4

62

5.3 3.8 4.6

3.3 52

8.3 6.0

6.2

10.7 142

15.1 2.7 0.6

100.0

4.7

2.4

3.3

3.3

5.2

3.0

4.5

3.9

3.8

6.2

5.5

. 14.6

29.162

1.6

12.3

10.7 103

102

11.4

11.8

12.1 12.3 139

12.5

12.7 122

14.8 163

14.0 Medlar beam

13.031

3.805 3282

4,067

3209

1.899

$1.817

2.038

2.800

2,838

1208

1.835

$1254

1,777

2,623

2,419

1.857

1.526

12.039

2,338

3.047 3,029

2.371 1.784

10.379

3,499

3.824 4187

3.49) 2.113

2,844

3257

3,458

2235 .71

1

$3257

3.765

4,128

4.499

32331 .259 Mos

5,489

5,387

6,176

5277

3.388

14.131

4,375

4,148

5,025

4,550

2.803

MOT

6.703

7.421 5,208

7.990

4.375

98.397

6,318

6302

7,083

7,381

3,579

SUN

7.731 9,742

10.3as

9,627

6,202

..

. I Less than 0.05 wan .

NOTE.-13acaule of rounding. details nsa not odd to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Depaoront of Convnece. Ourseu of the Onus, Cumin

Populate:In Riven" Serbs P-60, No. 90.
Income of Men by Years of School Completed

The Bureau of the Census has recently released

new estimates of the average lifetime income of men

by years of school completed. These data indicate

that in the years from 18 to death an average

Sementary school graduate in 1972 could expect an

income of approximately $344,000; a high school

graduate, $479,000; a college graduate, $711,000;

and a person with one or more years of graduate

study, $824,000.

According to the income data presented in the

accompanying chart, an average college graduate can

look forward to half again as much income as a high

school graduate who fails to enter college. The holder

of a bachelor's degree can expect more than twice as

much income as a person who leaves school after

completing the 8th grade. And a man who has

completed five or more years of college can anticipate

an income which is nearly three times as great as that

of an elementary school dropout.

Recent trends in annual income by years of school

completed have also been made available by the

Census Bureau. The income of all segments of the

population has grown substantially in recent years,

but the greatest increases have occurred at the higher

educational levels. Between 1967 and 1972, for

example, the average income of a male elementary

school graduate 25 years of age or over rose from

approximately $5,200 to $6,800; a high school

graduate, from $7,600 to $10,400; and a college

Eli moon, spool 1.111 then 8 run

8 vows WO Khoo!

I to 3 rows

0 vows Cotifoo

I to 3 vows 4 Min

5 of maw oafs

graduate, from $11,200 to $15,300. The increase

during the 5.year period was thus about $1,600 for

an elementary school graduate, $2,800 for a high

school graduate, and more than $4,000 for a college

graduate. These trend figures are in current dollars;

that is, they make no allowance for changes in the

purchasing power of the dollar between 1967 and

1972.

Not all of these variations in lifetime and annual

income should be attributed to differences in

educational attainment. A number of other factors,

including ability, motivation, opportunities for

employment, and family background, influence the

level of income an individual will eventually attain.

Nevertheless, it would appear that the number of

years spent in school does have an important effect

upon future earning power.

These data are derived from sample surveys of the

population. They are subject to sampling variability

as well as to errors of response and nonreporting. For

more detailed information, the reader may wish to

consult the Bureau of the Census report, Annual

Mean Income, LVetime Income, and Educational

Attainment of Men in the United States, for Selected

Years, 1956 to 1972.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational Jtatistics

Figure 4.Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1972

8180.000

1344.000

8189.000

1479.000

81 1 I.000

0100.000 5300.000 1480.000 SOURCE. U S Doponroon of Coowanco SWIM of 0111 Comm. Anna, Mow bloom. toformis Wank and fdlatbonal Mammal of Men es Mt Mood Stain. her Sextend two. 1958 le tala

21

3s

11300.000 11750.000

0114.000

000.000
Table 21, Annual income of men, by etie and by yews of school

completed: United Stems, 1986 to 1972

(in current dollar)

Age. and yews

of school completed 1988 1951 1964 1968 1972

1 2 3 4 5 8

18 to 24 years old

Elementary:

Lew then 8 yews $1,569 $1,698 $1,931 $3,992 $3.39$

8 years 2,135 2.233 2,553 3.284 3.623

High school:

1 to 3 yews 2,201 2,204 2,288 2,500 3,423

4 yeen 2.698 2.768 3,069 3,874 4537

College:

1 to 3 yews 1824 2.038 2,387 2.700 3.745

4 fan Or more ti 1 3.310 3,520 4373 5.418

4 years (I) 3,3E11 3,738 4,306 4,994

5 wows or more III III if) 4.188 7,173

25 yews old and over

Elementary:

Lew than 8 lawn 2.674 2,998 3,298 3,981 5,236

8 yews 3,831 4,208 4,520 8287 8,768

High school:

1 to 3 years 4.387 5.161 5,853 8.769 8.449

4 years 5,183 5,948 8.738 8,148 10233

College:

1 to 3 years 5,997 7.348 7,907 9,397 11,967

4 yews or more 7.377 9,917 10,2134 12,938 18201

4 yews ill 9,342 9.757 12218 15256

5 yews or more ill 9,987 11,004 13555 17,348

I Date not enlisble.

NOTE.These arithmetic means we esdrneted from sample surveys of hove,-

holds. They we subject to sampling variebIllty as well as to won of response and

noweporting.

SOURCE: U.S. Depwrnent of Commerce. Swear of the Census, Annual Mean

Income. Lfletbne biome, end idneedenal A nativisent of Men In the Shifted

Sousa for Selected rem 1956 to 1972

To 22.Lifetime income of men, by yams of school completed:

United Metes. 1.88 to 1972

tin current dullard

VW! of school 0011111101811 1958 1981 1968 1972

1 2 3 4 5 8

Elementary:

Less than 8 SIN

8 ysen

High school:

1 to 3 years

4 yews

College:

1 to 3 yesrs

4 years or rear.

4 yam

5 yore or mwe

Income from age 18 to death

9131232

178.749

201,825

244,158

278,227

372.644

1(I)

$151,881 2057,23

235265

273,814

335.100

454.732

432,817

476.116

$170,145

223,946

255,701

311262

355249

478,098

469283

600,641

9213206

278.755

3013,305

371,094

424.290

607,921

584.462

838.119

$279.997

343,730

399 2013 478273

543.435

757,923

710,669

823,7E9

Income from age 25 to 64

Elementary:

Less than 8 vein $107,132 $125,044 $138,777 $174240 $230,757

8 yews 146,059 1138,987 181,703 228,708 284.185

High school:

1 to 3 yews 168 ,912 193265 211,343 258,455 323,718

4 won 199,433 224,828 252,447 306,788 393,161

College:

to 3 yews 233,317 273208 297,943 358,297 461.264

4 years or more 310,697 360,951 392.006 604,780 027,288

4 yews

(t)

350299

379,908

7,787

43182,027

488,643

8 yews or more 526,997 671286902532

1 Date not aninble

NOTE. Thaw arithmetic mauls sun esdnsted from ample surveys of howehokh.

They see subject to sampling verbasility as wall as to WON of response end

nonnwening.

SOURCE: US. Depertmant of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Mean

Income. LIfithne Income. and lIdeeattonel Attainment of Os the United Sitter,

fee Selected Yank 1956 101972

Table 23. Recision of aducedonai institutions. by Mel of instruction, typed control. and source United Steles, 1971 72

tin thousands of dollen)

Control of insuarpon and

source of funds

,.--

All lents

Elementery end ncondsry education' near soucesont

Total Revenue Nom

revenue Total, Educational end weal Auxiliary

enteranall

Student and Mein public swim

1 2 3 4 5

- 8 7 8 9 10 Total 884234433 moon 826,8011,645 1198110.4114 $31.1170244 S20200,3139 SUMP, MOW

_ $1280.442

r 74.300.826 54.064,878 50.203246 3280284 20238.197

.11. Publicly controlled 13.012.090 2,018255 415.377 1233,140 Government e8.1e2.859 52.778.757 48217.773 3,860.084 12,404.102 9232.161 01 325.3115 424.488

Federal 7.710.731 4.687.970 4.687,970 3.042.781 2,017,46 (4) 238.554 424,458 Bute 27278.950 19.133.258 19.133.356 8243.894 6289.897 141 83,900 01

Local (including county) 30295.178 26.977231 25.118.547 3,980,984 1.117.847 944.771 141 2292 (4) Student fees 2.818.427 682.232 682.232 2.838.195 2232,635 01 161 (41

Punta gifts end gents 616.280 616,280 322.805 01 69,936 01 All other sources 5,883,280 1.203.840

I 1203.840 4,679220 1.025,398 2,018,955 20268 605.684 15.934207 652065200200 r 69.600.000 iri 10234207 4897.570

I Freely controlled 1290,302 349,213 927,302

4180.322 2280222

. Governrrent 1.274748 01 176,583 558,628 Federal 1.824.088 1,924288 1.081.397 141 143,512 555,628

ewes 208245 208245 181285 (4) 32,357 14)

Local (including county) 47.991 47,991 48.764 01 694 01 Student fees 3.280.784 32130.764 3,261260 141 (4) 01

Private gifts and (Pants 1,879,076 1.579275 885.468 0) 78.076 NI

All other SOWN, 8.94.445 5200200 5200200 3294445 1.161.798 12130,302 94,674 371.778 1 includes *nitrated income for "other" schools. such as residential schools for

exceptions' children. Federal schools for Indent. and Fedor& schools on

Fednel installations. Subcolleglate *moments of institutions of higrar

education its included under hiftor @docent%

2 Includes suboolleglete depertnunts of institutions of higher education. Excludes

schools of nursing not affiliated with college end universities.

3 Indudos MIMa of revenue for plant exppnion and nonexpendebn funds.

Includes mterfund handers.

Den not evellette.

5 Tuition and Pensportadon fees from patrons.

22

6 &tinned on T119 bob of expindintre per teecher hs punk almanory end

secondary schools. 7 Included In column 4. SIYAICES: (11 U.S. Oepertrinnt of Health. Education, end Welfare. Nonni

Center far Education Sauna. tneriffin of &am School 11punin. 1971 -72: Animal Stostisks of bultudoor of Nips, Eklueogion, 1977-72: and

unpublished data eniletie In the National Center for Education Ganda.

12) U.S. Department of the Interior. Buren of Indian Affairs.

36
Table 24. - Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1973 -74 and 1974 -751

tin billions of dollars)

Level of instruction and

type of control

1973-74 1974-75

Total

Current

expenditures

end mutrest2

Capital

outlay Total

Current

expenditures

and interest7

Capital

outlay

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total elementary. secondary,

and highs, education

Public

Nonpublic

Elementary and secondary realer and

other schools7

Public

Nonpublic

Higher Wm:mono

Public

Nonpublic

$978 $88.0 $98 $107.6 $97.9 $9.6

79.7

18.1 71.5

18.5

8.2

1.8

87.5

20.0

79.5

18.4

8.0

1.8

82.4 58.7 5.7 A

- 88.0

4 82A

4

5.8

66.3

8.1

51.1

5.8

5.2

.6

81.4

8.8

58.3

8.1

5.1

.5

35.4 31.3

I

4.1 38.5 35.5

. 4.0

23.4

12.0

20.4

10.9

3 0

1.1 28.113.4

23.2

12.3

29

1.1

I These estimates are based on data shown in the National Center for Education

Statistics publications Nannies of Store School Syrrenr. Marks of Higher

Education. and Bond Sobs for Public School Porporea Expenditures of public

elementary and secondary schools and all institutions of higher education for

1973-74 end 1974-75 are derived from enrollment changes combined with the

trend in Current expenditures par student. Capital outlay for all institutions of

higher education is dewed from the 1971-72 capital outlay. All estimates of

expenditures for nonpublic end other elementary and secondary schools are

based on the assumption that expenditures per teacher (Including donated

services) are the sent as for the public schools. Some previous estimates of the

cost of education in nonpublic schools were based on the tau 1Ption that catsupl cans m nonpublic schools were the same as for the public schools.

Since the putillteacher ratio is higher in nonpublic then in public schools, the

1 previous estimates were higher than those shove here.

Includes estimates for interest. as follows:

(In billions of dollars)

Elementary. Higher

seconders education

Pubic Nonpublic Public Nonpublic

1973-74 ... $1.7 $0.2 $0.4 $0.2

1974- 75 ... 1.9 .2' .4 .2

3 ncludes other elementary and secondary schools, such as residential schools for

exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, federally operated elementary

and secondary schools on posts, end subcolleglete departments of colleges.

Expenditures for these schools were estimated as follows:

(In billions of dollars)

Total Public Nonpublic

1973-74 ... 130.3 50.2 011

1974 -76... .3 .2 .1 4 Excludesen estimated expenditure of $82 million by public, and $39 million by

nonpublic, subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher education. These were Included with other elementary and secondary school

expenditures.

SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics estimates.

Table 25. -Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United Stets% 1987 -OS to 1974 -75

(Amounts in billions of dollars)

Source of funds, by level of

institution end type of control

1987-88 1989-70 1971-72 1973-74 1974-75

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 All levels

Total public end nonpublic $57.2 100.0 $70.2 100.0 $84.7 100.0 $97.8 100.0 8107.5 100.0

Federal 8.8 11.9 7.4 10.8 9.4 11.1 10.8 11.0 11.5 10.7 State 18.8 29.4 22.7 32.3 28.9 31.8 32A 33.1 35.9 33.4

Local 18.8 32.5 222 31.13 27.3 32.2 29.9 30.8 32.8 30.3

All other 15.0 28.2 17.9 25.5 21.1 24.9 24.7 25.3 27.5 25.8

sr 45.5 100.0 58.8

r

100.0 88.9

-.1,

100.0 79.7

.1, Total public 100.0 87,5 100.0 Federal 5.1 11.2 5.7 10.0 7.5 10.9 8.8 10.8 9.2 10.5

state 18.7 38.7 22.8 39.8 28.7 38.7 32.1 4 40.3 35.8 40.7

Local 18.8 40.9 22.1 38.9 27.2 39.5 29.8 37.4 32.5 37.1

M other ...5.1 11.2 5.4 11.3 7,5 )0.9 9.2 11.5 10.2 11.7

23
Table 25. -Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United States, 1987 -88 to 1974 -75 -Continued

(Amounts In billions of dollars)

Source of funds. by level of

Institution and type of control

1967 -68 1969-70 1971-72 1973-74 1974-75

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total nonpublic $11.7 100.0 $13.4 100.0 $15.8 100.0 $18.1 100.0 $30.0 100.0

Federal 1.7 14.5 1.7 12.7 1.9 12.0 2.2 12.2 2.3 11.6

State .1 0.9 .1 0.7 .2 1.3 .3 1.7 .3 1.5

Local 111 13) .1 0.7 .1 .8 .1 .5 .1 .5

M other 9.9 84.8 11.5 85.9 13.6 86.1 15,5 65.6 17.3 88.5

sciEletri end sosaridnY . To public and nonpublic 37.3 100.0 48.5 100.0 55.5 100:0 62.4 100.0 68.0 100.0

Federal 3.0 8.0 3.3 7.3 4.5 8.3 5.1 8.2 5.3 7.8

State 12.1 32A 18.3 35.8 19.0 34.2 22.6 38.2 24.9 38.6

Local 18.0 48.3 21.3 46.8 28.1 47.0 28.5 45.7 31.1 45.7

All other 4.2 11.3 4.6 10.1 6.8 10.5 6.2 9.9 6.7 9.9

Total public 33.2 100.0 41.0 100.0 49.8 100.0 56.3 100.0 61.4 100.0

3.0 9.0 3.3 8.1

4

Federal 4.6 9.3 5.1 9.0 5.3 8.8

State 12.1 36.6 18.3 39.8 19.0 38.1 22.8 40.2 24.9 40.5

Loyd 18.0 54.2 21.3 51.9 28.1 52.4 28.5 50.6 31.1 50.7

All other .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 2 .1 .2 .1 .2

Total nonpublic 4.1 100.0 4.5 100.0 5.7 100.0 6.1 100.0 6.6 100.0

Federal ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... State ... ... ... . . ... ... . Load

All other 4:1' 100.0 '4'i 100.0 ii 100.0 41 i 1 iiii 6.6 100.0

Institution, of hies,

educations

Total public end nonpublic 19.9 100.0 24.7 130.0 29.2 100.0 35A 100.0 39.5 100.0

Federal 3.8 19.1 4.1 les 4.8 164 5.7 16.1 6.2 15.7

State 4.7 23.8 64 25.9 7.9 27.1 9.8 27.7 11.0 27.9

Local .6 3.0 .9 3.8 1.2 4.1 1 A 4.0 1.5 3.8

M other 10.6 54.3 13.3 53.9 15.3 52.4 18.5 52.2 20.8 62.6

12.3 100.0 15.8 100.0 19.1 100.0 23.4 100.0 - -Tone public 28.1 100.0

2.1

.- Radon 17.1 24 16.0 2.9 16.0 3.6 15.0 3.9 16.0

State 4.6 37.7 63 40.o 7.7 40.8 9.5 40.8 10.7 40.8

Local .0 4.6 .8 5.1 1.1 5.5 1.3 6.5 1 A 5Z

M other 5.0 40.7 6.3 39.9 74 38.7 9.1 38.7 10.1 38.7

ems- - Total nonpublic 7.6 100.0 8.9 100.0 10.1 100.0 12 0 100.0 .13A 100.0

Federal 1.7 21.8 1.7 18.8 1.9 18.8 2.2 18.8 2.3 18.6

Stan .1 1.2 .1 1.8 .2 2.0 .3 2.2 .3 2.2

Load il I .3 .1 .7 .1 .5 .1 .8 .1 .8

All other 5.8 78.7 v e 78.9 7.9 78.9 9.4 78.4 10.7 78.4

1 Len than $80 million.

Less then 0.05 percent. In addition to regular schools, these figures Include other elementary end

secondary schools, such as residential schools for exceptional children, Federal

schools for Indians, federally operated elementary and seconder/ schools on

posts, and subcolleglate departments of colleges. See footnote 3 of preceding

table.

NOTE.-6schwatIons of data are as follows:

Data sources

Data as based on statistics shovel In U.S. Department of Health, Education.

and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics. publications: Statistics of

State School Systems. bienniallY 1983-64 through 1931-72:3mM= of Pub&

Moak, annually fell 1984 through fall 1973: Financial Statistics of lashes

Education, annually 1965-66 through 1971-72: Higher Setucadon ~mew

Selected awed and gummy Data: end unpublished data in the National Center

for Education Statistics.

Definitions

Total expenditures are defined as the expenditure of all money from both loans

and grants and exclude only the funds used for reducing debt. Expenditures from

Federal. State. and local sources are defined as institutional expenditures of all

grants OM not ions) of funds received from those sources. Expenditures from all

other sources include all funds received by the institutions that were not received

as a wan from Federal. State, and local governments. Loans from any source are

included in this category. It vas estimated that in 1975 about 631 million in

Federal learn to institutions of higher education wire included in the "all other"

category shown hate.)

24

Since the foregoing definitions are aimed at showing sources of funds through

the eyes of educational institutions. the Federal figures shovel in this table are

different from the ones shown in the chattier on Feder*, funds for education. The

three mein reasons for the difference are as follows:

II) Different items are included. For example, the tables on Federal funds

show grants and loans to Individuals. which would show up in Institutional

accounts as a receipt from tuition or smellier/ services; or they may be spent for

board and room outside the institution and not be a receipt of the institution

from any source.

12) The same item nay be handled differently. For example, the tables on

Federal funds show only basic research for Institutions of higher education. vddis

the Institutions include sane applied research grants from the Federal

3ovemment.

13) The tables on Federal funds frequently show obligated funds, while the

institutional figures show expenditures.

Method

The total expenditures shown here were estinuted according to the method

shown in footnote 1 of the preceding table. The breakdown by source of funds was astirreted by first adjusfing receipt' to equate them with expenditures. and

then snuffling a continuation of the trend in the amount of receipts from cads

source. Equating receipts to expenditures was accomplished mei* by including

loans and excluding receipts that were used for reduction df debt.

38
Educational Expenditures as a Percentage of the

Gross National Product

Total expenditures for public and nonpublic

schools at all levels of education from kindergarten

through the graduate school amounted to

approximately $84.7 billion during the 1971-72

school year. This outlay more than doubles the

$40 billion spent only 7 years earlier and is nearly

10 times the $8.8 billion expended in 1949-50, in

neither case allowing for changes in the purchasing

power of the dollar over these periods. The rapid rise

of educational expenditures in recent years reflects

the growth of the school-age population as well as the

increased efforts of the Nation to provide quality

education for its young people.

The accompanying chart measures the country's

efforts to support education since 1929-30 by

comparing expenditures with the gross national

product (GNP). The GNP, which is calculated by the

Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of

Commerce, "represents the total national output of

goods and services at market prices. It measures this

output in terms of the expenditures by which the

goods and services are acquired. The expenditures

comprise purchases of goods and services by

consumers and government, gross private domestic

investment, and net exports of goods and services."

GNP thus constitutes a convenient yardstick by

which one may appraise the level of educational

expenditures. The percentage of the GNP that went for

education has vaned widely over the past 40 years.

Educational expenditures were relatively high in the

mid-1930's, exceeding 4 percent of the GNP in

1933-34. They later declined to a low point of

1.8 percent during the war year of 1943-44. Except

for a brief period during the Korean conflict, when

the annual investment in education tended to

stabilize, there has been a steady increase in the

proportion of the GNP spent for education since the

end of World War II. Expenditures in 1971-72 were

higher than ever before, both in terms of actual

dollars and as a percentage of the GNP (8.0 percent).

In table 27, both dollar expenditures and percentages

of the GNP are traced for the period 1929-30 to

1973-74.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 5.Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product:

United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72

25
Tebbe 16.-Ibipenditures for educedon, Inducible capitol outlay. by level

of Instruction and by type of control: United States. 1071-72

tin thousands of dollars!

fixemsditenn. by Noel

of indruction

. Total . Publicly

controlled

linunely

convened

.

I 2 3 4 All bomb (elementary.

socendatY. IMAM I 184.748.779 6118048.449 115001330

Cu rant exponditures lusdeding mewl' 78,106.668 81.835,376 14,980,793

Capital outlet, or Oent expansion ... 900,111 7.130.073 1023.038

Elementary and acondery se9i0ols3 . 51300.000 49.000.000 15,800.00o

Current expenetruas tincluding

intenm1 50.346.108 45.141.051 35.105,097

Copal outlay 4,983,892 44.458049 3494043

Madwomen through 8th grodon 33.120000 29.700.000 3.300000

Grades 0-12 and postgraduate!' 33.080,000 19.840.000 3040.000 a- lir 300.000

NY 300.000

1 Other elornentaly and socondery . 100.000 39.348.779 n

19,148,449

f 10.103.330

. Hitter eduartion loicluding sub

collegiate Oceriments1

format expmditunis 25.559000 16,484,325 9075.235

ethostional and amoral 11200.508 12.908.783 8,293.742

Auxiliary entorpreas 3,1 78,373 101 2,131 1.388.141 Eltudontod expenditures 1.241.372 621.3811 819.986 Mbar undo program 1,931411 1.044.045 895.386 Expendlines from plant funds4 3,889019 3,681.134 1.028.095 1 Includes an estimate for "ether" demonism and secondary whack, such at

maidintial Wads for smoptionel children. Rodent sonuola for Indians.

federally opetatod slonontary and secondory schools pan, and subcollagiate

*annum of institutions Of higher education.

I Excludas expeditious for the "other" schools described In footnote 1.

3 Estimoted on the basis of expenditure per boob & .n public elementary and

wonder, echoes.

InJoitae capitol outlay of 8113=745 by State and local schoolhousing

autttrwidoo. I Distribution bemoan pads-groups Oundmmten-into 8, grades 9-13, and

pootgradustel estimated on the assurnpuon that the cost per pupil in grades

8-12 is 50 percent Nov than in grades K-8.

6 Excludes an weaned 8615 minim expended for dont expansion directly from

currant funds 18455 million by publicly convoyed, and MO minion by

pricatett controlled. institutions of minor education) .

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Deportment of Meth. Education. and Wolfe's. Nolonal

Center for mss. Nn Sistretics. Ilteenfor of Sono School &oust 1971-12:

FOsofetel thotbdea of haiffution of Mews EdsfeeNon. 1911 -13: and

unpublished data cases in the National Coma for Education Statistics.

IX U.S. Diontrent of the Index, Bureau of Indian Affirm.

Table Pt -Cron national product related to tone oonditurest

for education: United Bien, 1010-30 to 1973-74

Comm vie

Won

neva*

Medial on nomonsi yaN

lamoditures for tobodion

Tom tin

thousands)

Asa

Mont of

pots vowel dodoes 1 3 4 5

1970. 6103.095 1019 30 63031501 3.1

1931 75.810 1031 31 1.961494 3.9 1933. . 51.001 1933 -34 3.294.696 4.1

1935 . . 71.74, 1038.38 1.649014 3.7 90.445 193 -36 3.014.074 3.3

1939 .... 90.494 1939.40 1199.593 3.5 190 ... . .. 114.810 1941-41 3.203.649 1.8

1943 . .. 191.597 1943 44 3.532.007 I9

1946 111.010 1945.48 4.151.597 1.0

1947 231 323 1047 -48 6114.379 1.9

1949 156484 1949 -60 6705.639 3.4

1951 .... 310.404 1951-57 15.311.4118 3.4

1953 36(593 195 -64 13.949.678 3.8

1965 397.980 1965-50 15,811.651 4.2 1557 ..... 441.134 1967-55 11.119.565 49

1980 483.650 1959-00 24.712.464 5.1 1991 ....... 520.109 1951.01 19.350.306 6.8 1993 ...... 590.503 1003-44 31010110 11

1965 644.804 1955-06 411.291.713 6.8

1957 793.927 1957 68 57.213,374 7.2

1910 930.794 lees -70 71077.228 7.5

1971 1.054.915 19.1-71 84.748.779 8.0

1973 1,294.910 197.1-74 197.830.000 7.6

inciudes monditures of viblio and nonpublic sehoob as all leers ol educance

lelenentene. aseendars. and Wed. Wrested.

NOTE.-8epnning wets 1950-60 school eon. Includes Aloes end Havoli.

BOURCeli III U.8. Obortmont of HMO. eduatice. and Welt.". Notional

Center for education Steustia, dooefffoo of Sono &hoof fiyaonot Riseiref

Savona of buffnafoo of Iffglor flifueoffon: and unpublided data. (3/ U.S.

ilsportmont of Condom. guisou of economic Analysis. &ow of Orme

flosfono Algol 11/611..tele 1911. end bly 1974.
,

Table 28.- Direst expenditures of State and local govamnsents for all

functions and for education, by per capita amount and

percent of per capita income: 1971-72

State Per

capita

personal

income,

1971

1 2

United Stets 84,195

Alabama 3,175

Alaska 4,949

Arizona 3,953

Arkansas 3,080

California 4,899

Colorado 4,204

Conneotkut 5,087

Delaware 4,878

District of Columbia 6.367

Florida 4,050

Georgia 3,814

Hawaii 4,838

Idaho 3,487

Illinois 4,808

Indiana 4,051

Iowa 3.888

Kansas 4,097

Kentucky 3,327

Louisiana 3,299

Maine 3,397

Maryland 4,801

Messachtnetts 4,545

Michigan 4,481

Minnesota 4,019

Mississippi 2,832

Missouri 4,012

Montana 3,700

Nebraska 3,974

Nevada 4,880

New Hampshire 3,978

New Jersey 4,982

New Mexico 3,258

New York 4,982

North Carolina 3,470

North Dakota 3,559

Ohio 4,230

Oklahoma 3,563

Oregon 3,979

Pennsylvania 4,187

Rhode Island 4,193

South Carolina 3,181

South Dakota 3,283

Tennessee 3,373

Taxes 3,743

Utah 3,434

Vermont 3.633

Virginia 3,981

Washington 4,224

West Virginia 3,309

Wisconsin 3,983

Wyoming 3,879

Direct general expenditures

1971-72

All functions Education

Amount

Per

capita

Percent

of per

capita

Income*

Amount

Par

capita

Percent

of per

capita

Income'

3 4 5 8

$801.38 19.1 $311.50 'A

699.37 18.9 222.30 7.0

2,148.83 43.4 727.98 14.7

782.90 19.8 385.78 9.3

612.38 18.7 200.44 8.8

979.58 20.8 338.91 7.2

814.77 19.4 369.42 8.8

828.20 18.3 316.87 8.2

1,009.72 20.7 489.43 9.8

1 ,428.00 28.7 331.88 8.2

85722 182 284.28 8.5

877.32 18.7 257.07 7.1 1,181.32 24.0 379.85 7.9

878.70 19.6 287.98 7.7

794.12 18.5 313.19 8.5

853.29 18.1 323.28 8.0

731.12 18.9 338.03 8.7

893.88 18.8 304.37 7.5

825.29 18.8 241.30 7.3

723.38 21.9 262.05 7.9

884.08 20.1 239.80 7.1

838.28 18.2 341.23 7.4

892.82 19.8 317.52 7.0

868.77 19.2 358.84 8.0

905.81 22.6 415.38 10.3

830.44 22.3 228.78 8.0

083.92 18.6 277.33 8.9

818.15 22.1 32127 8.7

889.73 17.4 291.03 7.3

1,029.82 21.1 337.59 8.9

882.87 17.2 280.83 GA

802.31 18.1 301.95 8.1

772.91 23.7 354.18 10.9

1,238.72 25.0 407.71 8.2

683.45 18.2 240.41 8.9

752.28 21.1 319.88 9.0

838.88 15.1 284.50 8.3

870.79 18.9 '153.04 7.1 809.28 20.3 333.01 8.4

741.28 17.7 303.88 7.3

722.43 17.2 270.94 8.5

58724 17.8 252.15 7.9

788.78 23.4 388.27 11.2

808.78 18.0 228.28 8.8

822.02 18.8 285.18 7.1

729.30 21.2 384.87 10.8

89023 252 332.70 9.4

837.53 18.0 275.88 8.9

891.58 21.1 355.18 BA

701.69 21.2 250.88 7.8

831.19 20.9 381.79 9.1

1,087.70 27.5 485.71 12.0

1 Percentages were computed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCES: II) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,

Survey of Cement Business. August 1974. (2) Bureau of the Census, Govern.

mental Ffruntese In 1971-72, Series OF72, No. 5.

27
Expenditures of State and Local Governments

During the decade 1962-72, education was

consistently the largest item in the budgets of State

and local governments. Expenditures for education

accounted for 37 cents of every dollar spent in

1962-63 and for 39 cents per dollar expended in

1971-72. The total spending by State and local

governments for education rose from $23.7 billion in

1962-63 to $64.9 billion in 1971-72.

Here, for purposes of comparison, are some other

major expenditures at the State and local levels,

hnluGing outlays for highways, public welfare, and

health and hospitals. Expenditures for highways, for

instance, amounted to 17 cents of every dollar spent

in 1962-63 but came to only 11 cents in 1971-72. On

the other hand, there was a substantial increase in the

proportion of money spent for public welfare during

that decade. In 1962-63 one of every 12 State and

local government dollars went for welfare, but by

1971-72 this had risen to one dollar in every eight.

During the '10-year period, public welfare replaced

highway as the second largest item in the budgets of

State and local governments.

The proportion of money spent for health and

hospitals rose slightly during the decade. In 1971-72

these items together accounted for about 8 cents of

every dollar expended. Outlays for health and

hospitals have consistently ranked fourth among the

expenditures of State and local governments.

All of the figures cited above relate to "direct

general" expenditures; that is, they exclude

expenditures resulting from the operation by State

and local governments of utilities, stores, and

insurance and retirement systems. They are derived

from the annual reports of the Bureau of the Census

on Governmental Finances. Additional information

on the expenditures of State and local governments

may be found in the accompanying table and chart.

IV. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

8. Dint wend expenditures of Mete end Mad governments. by function: 198243 and 197142

193243

Year Total

197141

(In millions of dollars(

Educe- High. Public Health All Year Total

San PAM wet- and other

fare hospi funstats tions

Educe- High. Puolic

lion ways mi.

fare

Health All

and other

hand- funs.

tab dons

198243 583.977 $23.729 $11.150 95.420 $4,838 519.040 196748 $102,411 $41,158 $14,461 $ 9,857

198344 69.302 28.286 11.684 5.768 4.910 20.878 196849 118.728 47,238 15,417 12.110

198445 74.548 28.583 12,221 8.315 5.381 22,088 1989-70 131,332 52.718 18,427 14,879

196546 82.843 33,287 12.770 6.757 5.910 24.119 197071 150,874 59,413 18.095 18.228

196647 93.350 37.919 13,932 8.218 6.640 28.841 1971.72 168.873 64.886 19.010 21.070

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, annual reports on Oesernmenfal Finances.

$ 7,646

8,520

9,669

11.205

12.887

$29,369

33,443

37.839

43.738

49.040
CHAPTER II

Elementary and Secondary Education

The United States has gone a long way toward

providing universal elementary and secondary educedon for its citizens. While regulations differ somewhat from one jurisdiction to another, it may be said

in general that free public education is available to all

and that school attendance is compulsory between

the ages of 7 and 16. A school dropout before the age

of 16 is becoming a rarity in this country, and the

great majority of young people graduate from high

school.

Elementary and secondary education is offered by

some 64,900 public elementary schools, 25,900

public secondary schools, 14,000 nonpublic elementary schools, and 3,700 nonpublic secondary schools.

The largest segment of the school population is found

in public schools. Pupils in the regular public school

system account for about 89 percent of the total

enrollment in kindergarten through grade 8, and for

92 percent of the total in grades 9 through 12.

Enrollment in nonpublic schcols, which grew at a

rapid pace in the 1950's and early 1960's, has tended

to decline somewhat in recent years. Today about

1 pupil in 10 is enrolled in a nonpublic (churchrelated or nonsectarian) school.

The National Center for Education Statistics

obtains statistics each fall from the State departments

of education on the pupils, teachers, and estimated

expenditures of public elementary and secondary day

schools. These data are usually available within about

5 months after the opening of the school year. More

comprehensive statistics on the organization, staff,

pupils, and finances of public schools are collected

biennially from the same sources. The data from the

two surveys are published in Fall Statistics of Public

Elementary and Secondary Day Schools and Statistics

of State School Systems, respectively. In these two

publications emphasis is placed upon State and

29

43

national totals. To secure data on pupils, staff, and

finances at the local level, the National Ceder for

Education Statistics conducts a survey of Statistics of

Local Public School Systems. Separate reports have

been issued on the pupils and staff and on the

finances of local school systems.

In recent years this office has expanded its

coverage of nonpublic schools with the publication of

Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary

Schools. The latest report in this series covers the

school year 1970-71. Valuable information on nonpublic schools has also been made available by State

education agencies, the National Catholic Educational

Association, and the Bureau of the Census.

Since much of the instruction in vocational education takes place at the secondary school level,

statistics on enrollment in and expenditures for

vocational education are also included in this chapter.

More detailed information in this area is contained in

the annual reports on Vocational and Technical

Education issued by the Office of Education.

Other recurring reports of the National Center for

Education Statistics which have appeared at less

frequent intervals are the studies of public secondary

day schools, offerings and enrollments in high school

subjects, and special education for exceptional

children. The most recent statistics from each of

these surveys, supplemented by estimates where

appropriate, are summarized in the tables which

follow.

In general, the statistics in this chapter relate to

48 States and the District of Columbia through the

school year 1957-58. Data for 1959-60 and subsequent years also include both Alaska and Hawaii.

Any deviation ram this rule is clearly indicated in

the tabular presentation.
Table O. - Enrolhnent In %BM= public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by Stem: Fall 1973 and 6111974

Web or atiwo area

Fall 1973 Fdl 19741

Total Kinc 101911thm

through

grade 8

Oradea 9-12

end

postgraduate

Total Kindergarten

throuilh

graft 8

Omele 9-12

end

postgraduate

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 UMW Stew 45309305 31333390

. 14375025

, 45300300 30300,000 14,900,000

Nelsons 770.739 534,814 235,928 784300 524.000 240,000

Atoka 82.505 80,882 21,943 81.000 59300 22.000

Arizona 521,240 387.997 159243 517.000 381300 158,000

Animas 450.114 310,555 133,449 448,000 310,01A 138,000

California 4,459,328 3380.277 1399.051 4,419300 2.998,000 1321300

Colorado 573.154 395.218 177,938 588,000 387,000 181,000

Connection 887.088 440.065 228.123 882,000 432.000 230,000

ilderwre 132,940 90,325 42,815 132.000 89.000 43.000

Mika of Columbia 138,038 101,828 34211 135,000 100300 35300

Florida 1.537,952 1.085.489 472.493 1.524300 1,014300 480300

Gaon* 1.085,881 777,831 306.060 1,075.000 782.000 313,000

Mown 178,511 124,035 54,478 177,000 122300 55,000

Moho 189.133 128,871 82,482 187300 124.000 83.000

illinob 2320,872 1309,242 711,430 2.300.000 1,577,000 723,000

radians 1307,420 834,093 373,327 1.198,000 817.000 379,000

Iowa 831.132 431,222 199,910 528,000 423,000 203,000

Karnes 450,898 308,102 152.794 457,000 302300 155,000

Kentucky 709,784 494,487 215,297 703300 484,000 219.000

Louisiana 842,152 698,268 243,898 834,000 588,000 248,000

Paine 248,467 174380 70901 243,000 171,000 72300

Maryland 911,097 840.228 270.989 902300 827300 275,000

fassaseltuents 1,205.142 840940 359,502 1.193,000 829,000 384,000

Michigan 2.123311 1338,858 884.752 2.106.000 1.410300 898300

Minnesota 900.377 801.738 298339 893,000 580,000 303,000

alheledibl 519.788 389,487 180,319 515,000 382,000 153,000

Missouri 1319,803 700,874 319.129 1,011,000 087,000 324,000

Montane 172,045 115,234 58,811 171,000 14,000 88,000

thbresica ... 323,211 220381 102,930 321.000 218300 105.000

Wads 135.408 95,401 40,005 134,000 93,000 41,000

New Harrawhire 171,482 120,351 51.131 170,000 118300 52,000

New Away 1,481,805 1,020302 452,403 1,488300 1,008,000 480,000

Now Make 283.560 190,895 92,855 281,000 187,000 94,000

New Vat 3349330 2.349.518 1399914 3.419.000 2.302300 1.117,000

North Carolina 1.173,415 814,431 358,984 1.183300 798,000 385,000

North Dakota 138302 90351 47,951 138300 89300 49,000

Ohb 2,378349 1,817374 780,975 3388.000 1,ee8300 773,000

Oklahoma 800.948 414,717 188331 696,000 408,000 189,000

Oregon 478,518 321.819 164,899 472.000 315,000 157.000

Pernsylvarb 2321,437 1,551331 789,808 2302,000 1,520,000 782,000

Rhode blind 184,634 130,419 54305 183,000 128,000 55,000

South Coronae 626,814 444,518 182,298 821,000 438,000 185,000

South Dakota 157922 108,179 51343 158.000 104,000 52000

TOMINIM 902,704 843309 259395 894,000 620,000 284,000 Tow 2.782.151 1,991.738 790,415 2.754,000 1351,000 803300

Utah 305.800 211.110 94,890 303,000 207,000 98,000

Vermont 108338 76,441 30.795 106,000 74,000 31,000

Vinsinb 1,085,295 783,006 332.290 1,078,000 738,000 338,000

Vhdtington 788,324 537,885 250,459 781,000 527,000 254,000

West Virginia 409.184 288384 123.100 405,000 280,000 128,000

Whcondn 987,022 854,845 332,077 979300 842,000 337,000

Wyoming 85391 57,270 .8,121 88,000 58,003 29300

754,200 -

1 807,443

r 02113143areas 170.757 774.000 M14.000 180,000

American Swarm 10,298 8,204 2992 10300 8,000 2,000

Canal Zone 11,985 8.438 3929 12,000 8,000 4.000

Guam 27.329 20.843 8388 27,000 20,000 7,000

Puerto Rico 712,58E1 583.149 159,439 704300 542,000 182,000

Virgin Wards 22322 16,811 8,211 21.000 18,000 5300

I Estimated.

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Ospertment of ifesith. Education. and Wiliam. National

Center for Education Statistics. litadnico of Public Etenentory and Sotondffy

Day School; FM 1973. 121 Estimates of the National Canter for Education

Statistics.
Table 30. - Enrollment by grade' In full4Ime public elementary and secondary day schools: United States, 1982 -83 to 1973 -74

Grade 1962-832 1983-643 1964 -683 1985-66 1956-673 1967-883 1988 -693 1989-703 1970-713 1971-723 1972-733 1973-743

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 Number, In thousands

All grades 39,746 41.025 42,280 42.835 43,898 46,078 45,843 48,631 46.828 47,002 48.668 48.317

29,374 29.918 30.652 31.177 31,786 32,495 32.971 33.249 33,229

r Kindergarten-grade 8 92,910 31,481 31,980

2,182 4 Kindergarten 2,177 2,250 2,328 2,411 2,432 2,577 2,053 2,610 2,533 2,552 2,692

1st grade 413,9281 4.023 4.014 4,097 4.092 4,155 4,082 4,020 3,985 3,737 3,529 3,407

2d grade 3,830 4(3,7051 3,800 3.768 3,828 3,885 3,918 3,878 3,817 3,755 3,551 3,359

3d grade 3.518 3.560 413,882) 3,741 3,743 3,823 3,844 3,883 3,827 3,781 3,714 3,508

4th grade 3,391 3.467 3.523 413,6091 3.706 3,741 3,777 3,820 3,841 3,792 3.753 3,687

5th grade 3,332 3,388 3,465 3,504 413,5811 3,723 3,718 3,777 3,798 3,833 3,785 3,722

6th grade 3,190 3,289 3,382 3,433 3,492 4(3,607) 3,701 3,721 3,781 3,791 3,837 3,781

7th grade 3,140 3,241 3.363 3,408 3,528 3.614 413,13981 3,825 3,827 3,883 3.913 3,938

8th grade 3,083 3,077 3,212 3,293 3.385 3,515 3,580 413,868) 3,763 3,808 3,847 3,868

Grades 9-12 and

postgraduate 10,372 11,110 11,628 11.688 12,132 12,881 12,972 13,282 13,509 14,093 14,187 14,357

9th grade 3.172 3.190 3.198 3,307 3.412 3,648 3,847 3,708 4(3.8101 3,969 3,966 3,985

10th grade . 2,981 3.006 3,085 3.057 3,173 3,369 3,441 3,541 3,606 413,7481 3,821 3,825

11th grade 2,348 2,747 2,778 2,778 2,899 3,012 3,106 3,171 3,261 3,360 4(3,398) 3,480

12th grade 1.866 2.160 2,580 2,511 2,641 2,838 2,760 2,841 2,893 3,005 3,004 413,053)

Postgraduate 6 6 7 6 7 16 18 21 29 10 10 14

Percent

All grades 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kindergarten-grads 8 73.9 72.9 72.5 72.8 72,4 72.1 717 71.5 71.0 70.0 69.8 69.0

Kindergarten 5.4 8.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.7 8.6 5.4 5.5 5.8

lst grade 9.9 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.0 7.6 7,4

2d grade 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.6 7.3

3d grade 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.6

4th grade 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.0

5th grade 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0

6th grade 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2

7th grade 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

8th grade 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.4

Grades 9-12 and

Postgraduate 28.1 27.1 27.5 27.2 27.6 27.9 28.3 28.5 29.0 30.0 30A 31.0

9th grade 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.t 8.4 8.5 8.6

10th grade 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.5 733 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.3

11th grade 5.13 8.7 8.6 6.5 6.6 6.7 (3.8 8.8 6.9 7.1 12th grade 4.7 6.3 8.1 6.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.6

Postgraduate 151 131 (3) 131 13) (51 131 .1 13) 13)

I Enrollment In ungraded and special classes Is not shown separately but is

prorated among the grades.

2 Data derived from special studies or estimates. 3 Estimated from fell date.

4 Figures In parentheses, shown In normal progression, Indicate enrollments in

successive grades of the pupils who entered the 1st grade in 1962-63, Including

retarded card accelerated pupils. Because of retardation, school retention rates

should not be calculated directly from 1stgrade enrollment.

5 Less than 0.06 percent.

45

NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals,

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National

Center for Education Statistics, Steatites of State School Systems, 1971-72

(21 Estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.
Table 31. - Enrollment, attendeno, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1971 -72 -

State or

outlying area

Enrollment'

Average

daily

membership

(ADM)

Average

daily

attendance

(ADA)

---, ADA

as percent of

enrollment ADA

as percent

of ADM

Average

length of

term in

days

Average

number

of days

attended

per pupil

enrolled

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

United States 413.833,7110 748,176,900 43,254,272 00.2 93.5 179.3 161.7

Alabama 3820,852 790.605 746.818 90.9 94.3 175.8 169.8

Alaska 88.221 83.483 77,924 88.3 93.3 170.3 150.4 Ant One 4502.854 464.081 428,043 85.1 92.2 181.4 154.4

Arkansas 4469,904 435,930 412,405 89.7 94.8 176.0 158.9

California 44,801,550 4.520,700 $4,453.800 596.8 598.5 177.0 $171.3

Colorado 694,514 659.679 525.128 88.3 93.8 179.7 168.7

Connecticut 4875,7 34 (6) 621.461 91.8 (6) 180.0 7188.3

Delaware 137.197 133.150 124.081 90.4 93.2 180.0 182.8

District m Columbia .. . . . . - .18,305 141.733 130.040 88.9 91.8 181.0 180.9

Florida 1.569.977 1,460,351 1,363.647 88.2 92.7 179.7 7154.9

Georgia 31,136,083 1,084,170 1,000.444 88.1 92.3 180.0 158.6

Hawaii 4182,957 182,535 168,912 92.3 92.5 178.9 155.2

Idaho 41b5.110 (6) 175.746 90.1 (6) 180.0 162.1

Illinois 42,379.982 2,262,920 2,106,308 88.5 93.1 178.9 158.4

Indiana 41,230.853 1,171,209 1,112,047 90.3 94.9 182.1 164.5

Iowa 4687,393 660,165 819.602 90.1 95.3 177.2 159.7 Kansas 539,772 482,859 467.163 84.7 94.7 179.9 162.4

Kentucky 738,408 707,406 mate 90.3 94.3 174.4 157.6

Louisiana 874,488 837,275 771,940 88.3 92.2 179.8 168.8

Maine 247.031 245,858 230,978 93.5 94.0 175.0 163.7

Maryland 949.050 918,484 837.000 88.2 91.3 182.4 160.9

Massachusetts 41,191,179 1,139,1353 1.076,273 90.4 94.4 180.1 182.7

Michigan 42,182.769 (6) 2.008.147 92.0 (6) $180.0 7185.8

Minnesota 948.183 928.688 838.106 93.5 95.6 176.2 164.7

Mississippi 546.342 522,712 494,080 00.8 94.5 178.1 181.4

Missouri 1,087,868 (6) 919,749 84.5 161 9176.0 7185.6

Montana' 0 183,083 7173,500 181,494 88.2 93.1 11180.7 159.4

Nebraska 4338,522 329,399 314,858 92.7 95.8 178.1 189.0

Nevada 4130,256 129,372 120,460 92.6 93.1 180.0 1136.5 New Hampshire 169.510 184,019 153,788 90.7 93.8 178.2 159.8

New Jersey 1,538,367 1,526,100 1,337,129 87.0 87.7 183.6 169.7

New Mexico 303,319 277,596 260,106 85.8 93.7 180.0 154.4

New York 43,519,905 3,451,323 3.108.191 88.2 90.0 180.0 168.8

North Carolina 1,197.797 1,151,778 1.082.650 90.4 94.0 180.0 182.7

North Dakota 151,354 144,515 138.799 91.7 96.0 180.6 165.8

Ohio 42.438,743 2,405,216 2,245,779 92.1 93.4 180.0 185.8

Oklahoma 644,440 812,488 577,804 89.7 94.3 174.9 158.8

Oregon

Pennsylvania

497,825

2,4110,470

468,857

2,343,320

436,328

2.179.947

87.4

90.8

93.2

93.0

177.0

181.8

7164.8

185.1

Rhode Island 197,432 189,088 173.017 87.6 91.6 180.0 157.7

South Carolina 649,487 622,791 582,104 89.6 93.6 180.0 181.3

South Dakota 171,638 164,023 156,875 91.3 95.5 177.2 161.8 Tennessee 938,047 893,220 848.190 90.4 94,7 178.7 159.7

Texas 2.1312,489 2,680,811 2 4'9,248 88.9 93.2 179.8 169,8

Utah 314.799 304,482 .77,578 88.2 91.2 180.1 158.8

Vermont 105,280 (6) 103,324 99.2 161 175.5 172.3

Virginia 1,109,914 1,068,478 994,317 89.8 93.2 180.9 182.1

Washington 4805,049 797,259 746,269 92.7 93.6 180.0 188.9

West Virginia 3418,388 401,730 378,849 90.1 93.8 180.4 182.5

Wisconsin . 4999.921 969,538 899,861 90.0 92.8 180.1 7162.1

Wyoming 488,430 85,331 80,840 93.6 94.7 180.0 168.4

a======com=arw Ou6iln9 limn

American Samoa 48,018 7,987 7,517 93.8 94.1 184,6 173.0

Canal Zone 413,120 12,868 12,169 92.7 98.0 178.0 7163.1

Guam 28,939 26,243 24,201 83.6 92.2 180.0 150.5

Puerto Rico 712,482 897,409 660,992 91.4 93,3 174.0 159.0

Virgin Islands 418.860 (6) 17,880 93.7 - 180.0 71138.7 Figure for a given State Includes pupils enrolled for the first time in the United

States during the school year and pupils transferring to that State from

another during the school year (except those with footnotes 3 and 4).

2 includes estimates for nonreporting States.

3 Net enrollment for the school yaw.

4 Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date.

Not strictly comparable with those of other States because attendance figures

Include excused absences and enrollment is not cumulative.

6 Data not available.

7 Estimated by the Nations) Center for Education Statistics.

8 Legal minimum.

9 Data from published annual State report.

1°. Data from various Published reports.

Data for 1987-88 whool year.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Statbtics of Stare School Systems, 1971 -7Z
Table 32.-Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State. 1972

State

Compulsory

attendance

age range)

Permissive attendances

State

Compulsory

attendance

age range)

Permissive attendence1

Minimum Maximum3 Minimum Maximum3

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Alabama 7.18 (by Oct. I) 01 Montana 7.16 8 21 Alaska 7.16 (by Nov. 2) (4) Nebraska 7.18 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Anson 8.18 (by Jan. 1) 21 Nevada 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) (4)

Arkansas . 7.18 (by Oct. 1) . .. 21 New Hampshire 6.16 (4) (4)

California . 8.18 % (by Sept 11. .. ..... ell

New Jersey 8.18 5 20

Colorado 7.16 21 New Mexico 8.17 (4) (4)

Connecticut 7.16 (4) New Yak 618 5 (by Dec. I) 21 Delaware 618 .... . . ........ ... 21 North Carolina 7.18 My Oct. 1) 21 District of Columbia 7.16 (by Nov. 1) (4) North Dakota 7.18 6 (by Oct. 31) 21 Florida .. . . .. . . 7.18 % (4)

Ohio 618 8 21 Georgia . 7.16 19 Oklahoma 7.18 8(by Nov. 1) 21 Hawaii 618 (by Dec. 311 (4) Oregon 7.18 8 (by Nov. 15) 21

Idaho 7.18 (by Oct. 16) 21 Pennsylvania 8 17 6 (by Feb. 1) 21

Illinois 7.16 (by Dec. 1) 21 Rhode Island 748 (4) (4)

Indiana 7.19 (4) (4)

South Carolina 7.18 8 21

Iowa 7.18 8 (by Sept. 15) 21 South Dakota 7.16 8 (by Nov. 1) 21 Kansas 7.16 8 (by Sept. 1) (4) Tennessee 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) (4)

Kentucky . 7.16 6 (by Dec. 31) 21 Texas 7.17 8 (by beginning of school

Louisan 7.16 6 (within 4 months of (4) year) 21 beginning of term) Utah 6.18 8 18

Maine 7.16 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Vermont 7.18 8 (by Jan. 1) 18

Maryland 7.16 6 21 Virginia 8.17 67 20

Massachusetts 7.18 (4) (4) Washington 8-18 6 21 Michigan 616 5 (by let day of school (4) West Virginia 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 year) Wisconsin 7.18 8 (by Dec. 1) 20

Minnesota 7.18 55 21 Wyoming 7.17 8 (by Seat 15) 21 Mississippi ... . 8 (by Jan. 1) (4)

Outlying WNW

Missouri 7.16 6 by Oct. 1) 20 Puerto Rico 8.18 5 18

I The age span for permissive school attendance refers in most cases to the age range

within which persons are entitled to free public education in the elementary and

secondary grades. Separate provisions which apply to persons of kindergarten. nursery

school, or tumor college age are not included in this tabulation.

2 Many States have special provisions for children who have completed a certain level of

education (usually the 8th grade or higher) and who are employed.

" Sons States have special provisions for veterans and disabled parsons. Also, the

statutes in a few States provide that no person shall be deprived of educational

opportunities by reason of age.

4 Not specified in the statutes. 5 A :Iwol board may exclude children under 8.

6 A school board may admit children who have reached their 6th birthday 641 or befpre

Sept. 30.

SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, State Law on Compulsory Attendance. (2) National Education Association,

research reports, High Spots in State School Legislation.

Table 33. - Enrollment in grades 9 -12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population 14 -17 years of age: United States, 1889 -90to fall 1973

School year Enrollment, grades 9-12 and

postgraduate Population

14-17 years

of age2

Total

number

enrolled

per 100

persons 14-17

years 01 age

School

year

Enrollment, grades 9-12 and

postgraduate) Population

14 17 years

of age2

Total

number

enrolled

per 100

persons

14-17

years

01 NS

All schools Public

schools

Nonpublic

schools

All

schools

Public

schools

Nonpublic

schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

1889-90 359,949 3202.983 394,931 5,354,853 8.7 1949-50 6.453.009 5,757,810 695,190 8404,7813 76.8

1899-1900 . .. 699,403 3519,251 3110,797 8,152.231 11.4 1951-52 8m8.361 5,917,384 678487 8.518.000 77.5

1909-10 1,115,398 3915,081 3117.400 7.220,298 15.4 1953-54 7,108,973 8.330,585 778.408 8.881,000 80.2

1919- 20 2,500,176 32,200,389 3213,920 7,735,841 32.3 1955-58 7,774,975 8.917,790 857,185 9,207400 84.4

1929-30 4,804.255 34.399.422 3.4341,158 9,341,221 51.4 1957-58 8,889,188 7,905469 963,717 10.139400 87.5

1939-40 7,123,009 6435,337 487,872 9,720,419 73.3 1959-80 9,599.810 8.531,454 1,068,368 11,154,879 88.1

1941-42 8433,285 6420.544 512,721 9,749,000 71.1 1981-82 10,768,972 9,818,756 1.152.217 12,048400 89.4

1943 -44 6,030,617 5.584.856 445,981 9,449,000 63.8 Fall 1983 12,255,498 10,935,538 1,319,980 13492,000 90.8

t946 -48 8.237,133 5,664,528 572,605 9458.000 68.9 Fall 1965 13,020423 11,857,808 1.383,015 14,148,000 92.1

1947-48 8.305,188 5,875.937 629,231 8,841,000 71.3 Fall 1969 14,518,301 13,084.301 51,434.000 15,550.000 93.4

Fall 1971 15,226,000 13.888400 31,340400 16,279400 93.5

Fell 19736 15,388,000 14,148,000 1,240400 113.743400 91.9

Unless otherwise indicated, includes enrollment In subcolleglate departments of

institutions of higher education end in residential schools for exceptional

children. Beginning in 1949-50. also includes Federal schools.

2 includes all persons residing in the United States, but excludes Arm./ Forces

overseas. Date from the decennial censuses have been used when appropriate.

Other figures am Bureau of the Census estimates es of July 1 preceding the

opening of the school year.

3 Excludes enrollment in subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher

education and in residential schools for exceptional children.

4 Date lot 1921 28.

33

5 Estimated.

6 Preliminary dila.

NOTE, - Beginning in 1959-60, Includes Alaska and Hawaii.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, National Center

for Education StatIstkat Statistics of State School System Statistics of Public

Elementary and Secondary Day Schools: Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and

Secondary Schools: end unpublished data.
Teals 30.-H1Sto7104 tureately if WOO deseentarY end 19008079

Item 1888 70 1879.80 1889 -90 1899 1900 1909-10 1919- 20

2 3 . 4 8 7 Pope MOM Imp lb. std

(nsoustIonin staff 10111 Pon lemon' !thousands! . . 39.818 5a 116 82.948 75.995 90499 104.512 Population aged 5- 17 veers inclusnel

itboutends1 . 121166 15.0611 18.543 ' 21.673 24.009 27.558 Prowl of total populmion rode-. 17 . 30.3 30.0 29.5 28.4 25.5 28A

Tone enrollment m Momently and Ilcondiry

day scheme lthoutends1 6.879 9.887 12.723 15.503 17,814 31878 Nursery'y, kindergarten. end peals 1 8

broutends) . . . 8.793 9.757 12.520 14.984 18.899 19.378 Grades 9-19 and postpeduates Ithoueencht '80 110 203 619 015 2.200 Percent ol total Po Colston enrolled 113 19.? 20.3 20.4 10.7 208

Percent of population 5-17 years owned . 57.0 86.5 882 71.9 74.3 78.3 Percent of total enrollment in high schools

nodes 9-12 and posnadustes1 . . . . 1.2 1.1 1.8 3.3 5.1 102 High school maduetes (Monsen*/ . . 22 82 III 231 Aesop daily attendance lthousendsl . . 4.077 6:144 8.154 10.633 12.827 15.150 Total number of dyes mended by all pupils

enrolled Moutons) 539.053 800.720 1.098.233 1.534.823 2.011,477 2815.181 Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily 59.3 69.3 84.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 Average length of snot term lin days' 132.2 130.3 134.7 144.3 157.5 1818 Average number of days attended by each Mod mooned . . bhousen

78.4 81.1 88.3 99.0 1130 121.2 Total inaniction2 Mall ds I 570

7 Principle lthousends1 14 Timbers. herenans. and other nonsupervoory

instructional malla (thousands) . . 201 287 364 423 533 857 Men Ithouunds) 78 133 ITS 127 110 93 women uhousendsl 123 154 238 295 413 51311 Percent men 38.7 428 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 Name' Amounts In thousends of dean (ureeNusesd) Total revenue Reno . . . . 8143.195 $219 766 04133.084 8970.120 Peden Government . . . 2.475 State governments 160.085

LOOP etsurCIII. including intermediate . . 807861 Percent of revenue receipts nom

Federal Government . . . . ....... . State governments .. 18.5

Local sources. including intermediate . 832

Total expenditures for all WhOOls . $63.297 8713.058 8140.507 $214,968 81838.151 Current expenditures far elementary and

secondary day schools 114.300 179.514 355272 891.120 Capital °obey 18.207 38.451 69.978 153.543

Innen on school debt 18212 Other eximachtures7 Percent of total expenditures devoted to. ' 3,977

Current expenditures for elementary

and secondary day schools 81.3 83.5 838 83.1 Capitol outlay 18.7 16.5 164 1411

Interest on school debt 1.8 Other expenditures, Date In undiutted dollen Average annual salary of total instructions! stalta . . . . ... 8189 8195 8252 8325 8485 2971 Personal moonset per member of the labor

foreal Tome expenditure for all schools per capita of

total population 1.69 1.58 2.23 283 4.71 921

National income' per cola of total

Population . . Current expenditure' 0 per pupil innaa it 131322 131827 139725 Totes expenditurel3 for day schools per pupil inADA . . 15.85 12.71 17.23 20.31 33.23 64.16 National income per pupil in A.0 A.. .. Current expenditure per thou, per pupil rn A D A 13.10 13.19 13.18 .33 Total expenditure for day mewls per der per

pupil in A D A. .12 10 .13 .14 .21 .40 Date in adlumed dollars-1971-72 pumbasine poem

Average annual unary or tram instructional stall si.eao

Personal intone per member of the labor bra

Total expo One br all schools per mite of

total opuletion 21.39 Nat. set income per capita of total population

CW ..Int expenditure par pupil in A D A. . . 11528-

'cod expenditure for der scheme per Peal m A 0A 13845 National income per pope in A D A

Current expenditure per day Per pupil in A D A .71 Total axpendeute for day 'chock Per day

rep pupil mADA .88 Data on population and labor force are Irom the Bureau of he CAMS. and dale 0 Because of a moddicetion of the scope of "cadent expenditures br elementary

on personal income and national income Irom the Office of SIMMS and akendaV day sallneal." data for 1959-80 end liter yens are not entirety

U S Department of Commerce. comparable with data for prior yens. 2 Pall enrollment Includes Willf110/ Idt0011. community colleges. and adult education. Beginning

I Data for 1810 1) in 1969-90. alto includes community cervices. formerly douttred with "current

4 Prior to lqi9 20. dale are for the number of different persons employed rather eaPendlturea br elementary and Ma'am del Wheels."

men number 01 poutrom Beginning with 1971 - 72. excludes community college and adult education.

0.slirbution estimated by the Office of Eduaallon
school Mtn*: United Man* 1899-70 to 1971-72

1929 30 1939 40 1948 50 lose- SO 1969- 70 1971- 72 Item

8 9 to 11 12 13 14 Population. MA, aml

inehuations1 staff 131.770 130.880 148,665 179,323 203.212 206.217 Total pops:Wrong ithausandel

Population aged 5-17 mark inclusive

31,417 30.150 30,163 43,881 52.490 52.294 Ittiousanthl 258 23 0 203 24.5 254 25.4 Percent of total population aged 5-17 minanximai=1

Total enrollment in alimentary and smontimf 25.678 26.434 76.111 38,067 345.619 345.081 day schools Ithounmels)

Nursery. lundsrgems, and wade, 1-8 71.779 18.833 19.387 37.602 332.697 132,788 'thousands) 4.399 8.621 5.725 8.486 313.077 313,818 Grades 9-12 end inatgralustes 'thousands) 21.1 19.4 18.9 70.1 22.4 22.3 Putnam of toot population enrolled 81.7 84.4 83.2 82.2 86.9 88.1 Percent of population 6-17 yaws enrolled

Portent of total enrollment In high schools

17.1 26.0 77.7 23.5 28.5 300 %ono 9-12 and postweduatas) 592 1.143 1,063 1.827 2.589 2.708 High school graduates lehousendsl 21.265 72,042 72.284 32.477 41.934 47,254 Amos dory inondanos Ithoussada

Total number of days attended by all Pupas 3.672. 785 3.868812 3.964.354 5.781274 7.501.094 7874.167 anrailad (thous ands) 82.8 86.7 88.7 900 90.4 90.2 Amen of enrolled Pings attending daily 172.7 176.0 177.9 178.0 178 9 179.3 Amp length of school term (in days)

Average number of days attended by each 143.0 151.7 157.9 160.2 161.7 161.7 pupil enrolled 912 962 1.464 2.253 2,322 Total Inetructioml miff (thwoods) 7 5 9 14 32 37 Supervisors (thousands) 31 32 ma 84 91 97 Principals (thousands)

Taschars. 'Omens, and other nonnipovisory 843

140 876

195 914

196 1,387 5402

2,131

5691 2.187

5737

instructional ataff4 lthousendel Man (thousands) 703 691 719 5965 51.440 51.450 Woman (thoussnds) 16.6 22.2 21.3 529.0 533.4 133.2 Percent men Amounts in thariands of Maws lunadiusied) nrencs

12.088.557 82.250827 95.437.044 $14.748818 940703.933 1160,043,645 Total revenue receipts 7.334 39,810 1613.848 651.639 3.219.567 4,487889 Federal Government 180.085 353.670 934.354 5.768.047 19.133266 Sots gammon=

1,727.553 1.638.383 3,115,507 8,326832 20,984889 2543024320 Local sources. including intarmadlans

Percent of moms mains from

.4 1.8 2.9 4.4 8.0 8.9 Federal Government 18.9 30.3 39.8 39.1 39.9 38.3 8tsta governments 92.7 88.0 57.3 58.5 52.1 52.8 Local awes. hnhndbq InhInnedlete

12.318.790 112.344849 16237.643 915813268 010833.429 848860283 Total amenditwas for an schools Current expenditures for slarionoty end 1843.552 1.941.799 4.687274 612229.389 634,317,773 641817.782 secondary day schwas 370.878 267.974 1414,178 2.661.786 4,669472 058.949 Coital outlay 92.538 130.909 103,578 489.514 1.170.783 1_278.236 inmost on school debt 9.825 13,387 35814 132867 635.802 395,315 Oast weenditures5

normal cif total irmanditunn dratted so: ClInent mpsisiltums for elementary 798 82.8 80.3 679,0 684.1 687.0 and secondary day schools 18.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 11.5 9.3 Coital outlay 4.0 5.8 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 home on school debt

.4 .6 8 .8 IS .8 Other wigninditunts7

Del. in unolusod donuts

A annual salary of toed instruntional 81.420 81.441 53.010 15..174 88.840 810,100 staff)

Pommel Income per member of the labor 1.634 1.358 3.400 6.413 8,750 9.763 fora)

Total itapenditura for all schools per capita of 19.03 17.91 39.27 87.07 200.20 233.01 total population

National income* per capita of total 037 587 1,620 2.272 3.829 4,348 population

88.70 88.09 209.83 375.14 815.98 98987 Conant rimanditwill0 pr pupil In &OA."

Total expandkural3 for day schools ow pupil 108.48 106.74 265.85 472.17 056.00 1.127.81 in ADA.

3,848 3.502 10,312 12.547 18,6136 21226 National income per pupil In A.O.A.

Current smenditure per dm" Per pupil in

50 .8o 1.17 2.11 4.56 6.52 A.DA.

Total wmanditura for OW WhOols per MY per

.63 so 1.48 2.66 8.34 629 pupil In A.DA.

Dot in adhstod dean-1971-72 poodosins pour

Avenge annual wry of total incinational 83.414 24.243 03.230 57.248 19,831 810,100 Calf 3.928 3.992 8.906 7881 9,833 9.783 Person I memo per member of the labor form

Total s .pendintre foe all schools per mum of 45.75 62 73 68.24 121.94 218.12 233.01 total opantion

1.603 1,728 2,841 3,182 4.172 1E349 Nations' Moms per capita of total population

208.43 259.35 382.86 525.38 869.01 989.87 Comm .menditure per pupil In A.DA.

Total ex utditure for dry schools per pupil 260.81 311.33 449 -78 661.27 13140.57 1.127.81 in A,D

9.243 10.311 17.918 17.572 20.326 21,728 National moms per NMI In A.D.R. Current 'wafture per do per WWII 1.20 1 47 283 2.95 4.97 5.52 in A.D. .

Total pip /Mem for day 5010045 per dry I51 1.77 2.54 3.71 6.82 8.29 par pip in A.134.

9 Includes sup mon. principal. odors, end other nOnildlOnninni Manua

tonal stet

!? Excludes curnol witillnditure not Mom o to oupit oho

"A.DA." mans average daily amodocis in shriontary and secondary del, schools. 13 Includes interest on school debt. 13 The expenditure figna used hem is ths sum of warent expenditures allocable

to pupil costs. coital outlay, and mono on school debt.

571-602 0 - 76 - 4

35

49

14 Oarmy rpm thrived by dividing annual nos by romp length of term.

NOTE.-Eleginning In *969.00. include Ababa and Mevwa. Because of mural%

details may not add to totals.

SOURCE U.S. Osomment of Health. %doom" and Wallets. National Canter

for Education Statistics. Senbtles Sed. School System& 1971-72
Public Schools in Large Cities

Each fall the National Center for Education

Statistics collects basic data on the public elementary

and secondary schools in each State. In the same

survey, statistics are also obtained on the public

schools in the 20 largest cities in the country, as

determined by the 1970 Census of Population. Data

from the latest survey have recently become available

with the publication of a report entitled Statistics of

Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall

1973.

The public schools of the 20 largest cities are an

important segment of American education. In the fall

of 1973 they accounted for slightly more than

one-tenth of all public school pupils in the country,

enrolling 10.5 percent of those at the elementary

school level (grades K-8) and 10.0 percent of those

at the secondary level (grades 9-12). They also

employed 10.2 percent of all the classroom teachers

in public elementary and secondary schools in the

United States. There were 21.5 pupils enrolled for

each classroom teacher in large cities, a figure quite

similar to the pupil-teacher ratio in the Nation

(21.4 pupils per teacher).

During the 1973-74 school year the 20 cities

spent an estimated $7.3 billion for public elementary

and secondary schools, as compared with about $56.0

billion nationwide. Indicative of the effort large cities

are making to support public education are the facts

that their current expenditure per pupil in average

daily attendance is about 30 percent higher than the

national average and their teachers' salaries are about

20 percent higher.

Additional information on public schools in large

cities may be found in table 35 and in Statistics of

Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall

1973, which may be purchased for 85 cents from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Percent 15

10

5

0

-W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

The 20 Inlet cities In the United States

,mossassoossas6 1

Accounted for 14.1 Enrolled 10.3 percent Spent about 12.9 mtnitnntscitietttel of the pupils In public meant of the soul

oulW for public schools population in 1970 In fad sari" in 1973.74

Figure 7.-Population, public school enrollment, and public

school expenditures in 20 large cities as a percent

of the national total

Figure 7.-Population, public school enrollment, and

public school expenditures in 20 large cities as a percent of the national total.

Teats N. -blond ratilha 00 909191slotwdin mid teeendste schools in 10 bets elase canoed with the UMW Stets, head: WI -74 Cd, Po offournsos CINIIMM

1411165

11.11001 Oa 16611 160

566441111

In show

1661

Cana

oopeoloass 111 640 so asap

dish

otiondsosol

/mop wool ray ios

1.55 11,04466

004 5

01,06 5 17 40

10shisdvilh 140 CI 44111 001011

poOssund

sstnalsond

stills

1 2 3 4 a a 1 I e lo

vend swot 20 alp von

loas

Illooffloos Up

fo11op. Lets 00.30 in

Comovol 13160 D.W. Ilis 0641.17.01 Memos too asals000t 44

Los 6141101 Lao Shosoas ear

4.400 50! 4115.092

197.733

97.441 937.315 637164

141.003 257.334 315 09

91.461 812.9.1

119129

177452 VI BM

11 103.234 757907

175.115 09 095 70477 121.05 0189

138 038

3133300

3150.112

137.104 50.40 39204

94.143

101.343 11810

1St 642

08.319 431.20

83 173 6.242

11220

1111.012 10075

170.191

.066

0.404 NMI 50 124 116.05

14.011./711 1104580

60 109

23 447 141771 44311

44.262

75.457 58147

20 141 191355 30116

37295

37.490 30 157

53114

55 974 30301 31114

38/181 71632

34 211

7.125.094 312.517 53 11 0/10

13.191 1000

0.515 10010 5263

4 090 75460 100

5.425

4 130 0000

1111313 1141 4163

7.097 4.931 4.633 8 00

114 714 710 1/5

737

77 1 170

373 00

279

715

137

230

209

154 375

217

71 7 135 06

15 3 70 2

01031 041

7261155 20275

511450

406.41. 1411400 181.800 317153

1 70 1 /1 94.555

9041111 125515

134.205

100.500 1.434103

451.715

553.111 10.011

10321 03034

140 117 73200

41.110 105

1.10 120

114/ 1244 90

1290 Ill 917

1.117 1101 1113

1/170 120

1 Pm

'MI 1125

122 1500 119/ 1173

011.114

III 11313

14309 6,62

'7100

13 141

11. 10194

11,033 1410

10103 148/3

9 110 1001

13219 11.64

11,37

1.113 14143

14./70 1740

910103

11.423

10.11137 11103

17943

11.709 9.800

117.174 9132

10163

13.403 LOW

14002 100

14200

13.001 10117

11 365 9.403

13.493 14222

17.705

066547. ao Nu Wood Ls NM 71g5, 'I V 3606260 04 hems 46.1 31 Laos No Us MMus Us 56166 01

36 Os6060. Can

11161sorm 0 0 hariona Ooto 4.401014

'Das 111/2 73 woos soos 501001 115 13061661 0 61616. 1106566 4.q 11406. 55.111.11 01111

tos 10.666 Suesoes. 3111.4e of Mk flesiesems wed Studds. 1113 &Usk 1111 36
Table 36.-Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, 1888-70

I tem

1

Total

Enrollment size of school system

25,000

or more 10,000 to24,999

5,000 to

9.999

2,500 to

4,999

300 to

2.499

Under

300

2 3 4 6 8 7 8

Number of operating school systems

Number of pupils enrolled!

Elementary

Secondary

Classroom teachers,

Elementary

Secondary

Average pupil teacher ratio:

Both levels

Elementary

Secondary

Revenue receipts, total

From local sources

From intermediate sources

From State sources

From Federal sources

Current expenditures

Allocated to pupil costs

Other current expenditures

Average daily membership

Current expenditures per pupil in average

daily membership

17,980

45.521.776

27,348.408

18.175,370

1,902,248

1269.787

832.481

24

28

22

180

13.475,792

8.105207

8,370.284

538.038

308,268

231.770

25

26

23

538

8.098.168

4,763,114

3.335.064

335.989

184.819

151.370

24

28

22

1,096

7.843.252

4.588.242

3.077,010

321.343

178.802

142.541

24

28

22

2.028

7,185.434

4,331.558

2.853,878

299,584

168.647

130.937

24

28

22

7,911

8.509,353

5,128,028

3.381,328

372,884

207,510

185,374

23

25

20

6,229

809.777

451.956

157.820

34.412

23,923

10,489

18

19

15

Thousands of dollars

$375181,757

20.289.939

448,251

14,601.839

2.841.928

33.193.198

31,908,705

1.284,491

44.793.929

$712.34

$11,551,208

8.245.582

60,535

4.290.582

964.529

10232,186

9.850.460

481.736

13,144,939

$749.37

$8.711.631

3.596.181

56.069

2,638.301

420,979

5,889,224

5.684.460

204.764

7,971.259

$710.61

$8.433.877

3.474.682

58.994

2,498,464

401.558

6.570,488

5272,438

198,050

7,706.213

$897.18

$5,852.352

3,079.765

87,398

2.323.291

381.907

6,052,801

4,878,919

173.882

7.108229

$888.87

$8,839,341

3,652,115

186.739

2,874,285

447,222

5,858.182

5.858,281

199.901

8.250.040

6885.85

$693,648

341.644

39.518

178,768

35.733

510.515

484.158

28.357

815.249

$788.93

1 Data are for Nil 1969.

VOTE. - Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Local Public

School Systems. Pall 1969. Pupils and Staff; and Stannic& of

Local Public School Systems. Finances. 1969-70.

Table 37. - Enrollment in spodel education programs for exceptional children: United States, February 1963 and 1970-71

Area of exceptionality

1983 1970-712

Total

enrollment

Local public

schools

Public and private

residential

schools

Total

enrollment

Local public

schools

Public and private

residential

schools

2 3 4 5 6 7 Total

Visually handicapped

Deaf and hard of hearing

Speech unpaired

Crippled and special health problems

Emotionally end socially rnalediusted

Mentally retarded

Other handicapping conditions

Gifted

1,861,351

21.531

45.894

802,197

84,842

79,587

431.890

22,039

214,871

1,870,370

13,982

28,551

802,187

84.842

30.871

393.237

22.039

214,671

111,981

7,589

17,043

431

431 448.716

38,853

431

131

3,158.400 3,025000

24.000 15,000

78,003 58000

1.237,000 1.237000

289,000 259,000

113,000 55,000

830.000 784000

128,0011 128000

481000 481,000

133.000

9.000

20.000

58.000

46.000

Pupils are reported according to the male, type of exceptionality for which

they are receiving Memel education.

Estimated on the basis of State reports to the Office of Education.

3 Not included in survey of resident's schools.

4 Incl:des education programs in public hospitals for the mentally Ill.

37

Si

SOURCES: U.B. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. Office of

Education, survey of Special Education for Exceptional Children. and Annual

Report of the US. Commissioner of Education. Sneed Year 1971.
Table 313. -Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professional staff for the handicapped in local

public elementary and secondary schools: United States, spring 1970

,.._ Handicapped pupils Handicapped pupils

served 1 Professional staff for the handicapped

Teachers of Regular teach.

Specialised

professional

Type of handicap Percent of Percent of separate es who pond. personnel who

Number total Number handicapped Total ispeatel ed special in. Provided in

enrollment pupils classes set uction in

regular classes chinclualiseu

instruction

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 a a V 1000 4,752,000 10.7 2,988,000 62.5 484,200 136.000 247.900 80,100

1.793,000 4.0 1.224.000

-4

Speech impaired 68.3 96.700 35.100 31.400 30,200

Learnmg disabled .. ... . ... 1.180.000 2.6 648.000 55.9 1231100 27.900 81,400 13.700

Mentally retarded 936.000 2.1 728.000 77.8 102.500 54.300 41,900 6,200

Emotionally disturbed 558,000 1.2 263,000 45.5 74.100 11,300 48900 14,000

Hard of hew mg . 131,000 .3 41.000 31.7 21,200 2,000 12,500 6.700

Deaf 23,000 .1 21.000 90.5 6,200 2,300 3.000 800

Crippled 82.000 .2 30.000 38.6 13,400 1,803 8,200 3.400

Partially sighted 64,000 .1 17,000 26.7 20.200 800 16.500 3.300

Blind 6.000 131 6.000 94.0 6,900 500 4,600 1,800

I Includes pupils receiving instruction or assistance from one or more of the

following. Separate (special) classes, special instruction from regular teachers in

regular classes, and individualized instruction from specialized professional

personnel.

1 The totals may be somewhat less than the figures shown because some pipils

and teachers may have been reported in more then one category.

3 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.-Date are based upon a sample survey and are subject to sampling

variability. Percents were computed from unrounded data. Because of rounding,

details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Number of Pupils with Handicaps In Local Public

Schools. Spring 1 970: and Professional Staff for the Handicapped In Local Public

Schools, Spring 1970.

Table 39.-Number and percent of public school pupils transported at

public expense, and current expenditures for transportation:

United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72

School year Total

enrollment

Pupils transported

at public expense

Expenditure of

public funds

Number

Percent of

total

enrollment

Total. excluding

capital outlay

tin thousands)

Average cost

Per Pupil

transported

1 2 3 4 8 6

1929-30 ...

1931-32 ...

1933-34 ...

1935-35 ...

1937 -38...

1939-40 ...

1941-42 ...

1943-44 ...

1945-48 ...

1947-48 . . .

1849 -50...

1961 -52...

1953-54 ...

1955..68...

1957-58 ...

1959 -60...

1981-82 ...

1963-64 . . .

1555-68 ...

1967-59 . . . 1989-70 ...

1971-72 ...

25,678,015

28,275,441

26.434,193

26,367,098

35,975,108

25 ,433.542

24,562,473

23.266.618

23,299,941

23,944.532

. 25.111.427

28,562,664

125,843,871

1 27,740.149

129.722,275

132.477,440

134.682,340

137,405 .055

139,154,497

140,827.965

141,934.3 76

142.264.272

1.902,828

2,419,173

2,794,724

3.250.658

3,769.242

4,144,181

4,503.081

4,512.412

5.056,986

5.854.041

6,947,384

7.897.130

18,411.719

19,695,819

110,881.889

112.225,142

113,222,667

114A7%778

115.536,567

I 17,130,8 /3

116,198.577

119.474,355

7.4

9.2

10.6

12.3

14.5

16.3

18.3

19.4

21.7

24.4

27.7

29.0

32.8

35.0

38.5

37.8

38.1

38.7

39.7

42.0

43.4

46.1

$54.823

58.078

53.908

62,853

75,637

83.283

92,922

107,754

129,756

176,265

214.504

268.827

307,437

353.972

416.491

486.338

576,361

673.845

787,358

981,006

1,218.557

1.507,830

$28.81

24.01 19.29

19.27 20.07

20.10

20.64

23.88

25.06

30.11 30.88

34.93

136.55

138.51 138.34

1 39.78 143.59

140.65

1 50.88 167.27

1 66.98 77A3

I Pupils in average daily attendance.

SOURCE- US. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Statisticseach. School Systenss.
I

1

ill: 1: PM WI WO MP UM PPS MP PRP MP IMP

0 2 I PP! RIM Wil RH! pH! PM Pp! Mil RP Hilr

ii s reill NM OM MN NM IM: Igill MN DRUM

z 1 Pig 11151 11111 !ili/ hill Pill 11111 it MP iiiii5

1

1

I

iii 2 I pm um 5Pli Hn! LIM 1111! PIP Pill PIP IMP

li 0 1 1101 NM MN MP HIP P! PIP P11 PIP KIT

I : i Pril it MO Mil 11111 Mill IP WO 8111 111111

,

1. - ERN Ft7telk UM axial mu '411.111 gfiltill Ali.! WU HIM god; lisr.! REV Mt- El p; itt..ks! aw. pimp hip. /2gggN

I III I Plig !PI PM :MP !PM INE".1 MI! RIP rir Man

11 . I PP! qui! PIP imill MP 111" PIP PIP PHI 18/114r

11 TIM Uni PIP Will hill Prin OW Mb inii IOW

1 , 1 Mil fillii 51111 iliii in:i OM MP PM HIP OM

I

1

1 ali 1 Mt Ws/ WO MP WU PP! Mil PIP Mil ISW.:1

hi I PM MI MN lilli NW ill'l Pill ii515 !pm

11 . i iliii 11111 ilig MN Mil MN Ilfli OW rip IMP

i 1 Pill 11111 MO NM RN MR 1.1111 11111 11111 MP

I hill

'fall ...... i i

Ml Dill 11111 ilin li111 11111 dill 11111 AI

39

53
Table 41. - Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary end secondary schools. by control end by State: Spring 1970

State

Kindergarten through grade 8 Grades 9 thrOugh 12

Todd Public

schools

Nonpublic schools

Total Public

schools

Nonpublic schools

Churchrelated

Non.church.

related

Church.

related

Non.church.

related

2 3 4 6 7 8 9

United States 100.0 88.1 9.7 2.3 108.0 90.3 8.8 3.0

Alabama 100.0 93.0 2.3 4.6 100.0 98.8 1.3 2.0

Alaska 100.0 97.5 1.1 1A 100.0 95.8 2.0 2.4

Arizona 100.0 91.4 5.8 3.0 100.0 93.7 4.0 2.3

Arkansas 100.0 95.5 2.0 2.5 100.0 97.1 1.3 1.8

California 100.0 91.5 8.8 1.7 100.0 92.9 5.0 2.1 Colorado . 100.0 92.7 5.9 1.4 100.0 93.4 4.2 2.3

Connecticut 100.0 86.7 11.6 1.7 100.0 83.5 9.2 7.3

Delaware 100.0 86.7 10.0 3.4 100.0 OBS 5.7 5.7

District of Columbia 100.0 89.7 6.3 4.0 100.0 85.3 6.6 8.0

Florida 100.0 89.5 5.5 5.0 100.0 93.3 3.5 3.2

Georgia 100.0 94.5 1.4 4.1 100.0 96.3 1.0 2.7

Howell 100.0 89.2 5.4 8.5 100.0 87.2 3.7 9.1

Idaho 100.0 93.9 2.9 3.2 100.0 97.4 1.8 1.0

Illinois 100.0 82.9 15.9 1.2 100.0 85.3 12.1 2.8

Indiana 100.0 89.8 9.1 1.1 100.0 92.7 5.8 1.7

Iowa 100.0 89.7 9.7 .6 100.0 90.7 7.7 1.8 Kansas 100.0 92.5 8.7 .7 100.0 93A 4.7 1.9

Kentucky 100.0 89.8 8.4 2.0 100.0 91.0 8.2 2.8

Louisiana 100.0 84.2 10.9 4.9 100.0 87.4 8.3 4.3

Maine 100.0 94.1 5.2 .7 100.0 94.0 2.3 3.7

Maryland 100.0 87.0 10.4 4.1 100.0 88.0 72 4.8

Massachusetts 100.0 83.1 13.7 3.1 100.0 83.2 11.0 8.7

Michigan 100.0 87.4 11.8 .8 100.0 89.0 9.2 1.7

Minnesota 100.0 86.9 12.4 .7 100.0 91.5 8.7 1.8

Mississippi 100.0 92.2 2.0 5.7 100.0 94.8 1.1 4.3 Missouri 100.0 88.8 11.9 1.3 100.0 89.3 8.2 3.5

Montane 100.0 92.4 5.0 2.8 100.0 93.2 5.1 1.7 Nebraska 100.0 88.1 13.4 .4 100.0 8e.1 10.3 1.8

Nevada 100.0 98.7 2.9 .4 100.0 95E 2.8 1 A New Hampshile 100.0 82.9 13.4 3.7 100.0 sr 8.0 5.1 New Jersey 100.0 81.7 16.8 1.5 100.0 84 11.7 4.2

New Mexico 100.0 93.5 3.8 2.9 100.0 98.. 1.2 2.8

New York 100.0 81.1 18.8 2.0 100.0 93.3 12.0 4.7

North Carolina 100.0 95.2 1.3 3.5 100.0 9' 8 .5 2.0

North Dakota 100.0 91.3 7.0 1.7 100.0 93.8 5.4 1.0

Ohio 100.0 86.5 12.5 1.0 100.0 88.2 9.3 2.5

Oklahoma 100.0 97.1 1.7 1.2 100.0 97.2 1.3 1.5

Oregon 100.0 91.6 5.3 3.1 100.0 94.7 3.8 1.8

Pennsylvania 100.0 80.4 17.7 1.8 100.0 83.7 12.11 3.7

Rhode Island 100.0 79.8 17.7 2.5 100.0 84.0 10.8 5.4

South Carolina 100.0 94.2 1.5 4.3 100.0 96.8 1.0 2.2

South Dakota 100.0 93.2 5.8 .9 100.0 94.5 4.1 1.4 Tennessee 100.0 94.4 2.2 3.5 100.0 95.3 1.7 3.0 Texas 100.0 92.9 3.7 3.5 100.0 95.9 '2.0 2.0

Utah 100.0 98.1 1.5 .4 100.0 97.8 1.2 12

Vermont 100.0 89.9 7.2 2.9 100.0 88.8 8.2 4.9

Virginia 100.0 92.5 2.9 4.8 100.0 94.9 1.7 3.4

Washington 100.0 93.7 4.9 1.4 100.0 94.4 3.5 2.1 West Virginia 100.0 95.4 2.9 1.7 100.0 95.8 2.5 1.7 Wisconsin 100.0 80.1 19.3 .6 100.0 89.4 8.8 1.8

Wyoming 100.0 96.1 3.0 .9 100.0 97.6 1.1 1.3

NOTE. - Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.B. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Census of

Population: 1V70. afIttIgi Social and Economic Chatacteristies. Series PCI11-C.
Table Q.-Nonpublic denethery and seconder/ schools,

pupils, and melon, by level and by cloud+ effilletion

of school: United States, 1970-71

Teachers in full tome equivolents1

Item Tom

nonpublic Roman Catholoc Non. affiliated Mhos alhinaid

and unknown

1 3 3 4 5 Schoch Tom 18.142 11.343 2.834 3.975 Eiernaltswe ... 14.372 9.387 1.754 3.255 Seconder

ropes 3.770 1.081 1.070 719

5.389.794 4.383.074 457.907 548,813 Eananuov 4.686.151 3.354818 272.575 429.780 Seconds@ .... .. .... 1.313.843 Looms 188.333 130.053 Teaches 225.703 1159.489 38.392 30.848 Etenantav .... 150.559 1109.994 19.211 31.354 Sacondav ... 75.147 145.474 17.181 9.492

1 Esmond by the National Center for Education Statistats.

SOURCES 111 U.S. Department of Health. Educsbon. and Valfate. National

Comm too Edmonton Stamm. unpoibiodoad data Noon the sunny Nonpublic

filementsrr and Seraadery EduceNon. 1970- H. (21 National Cancun Educe- atonal imociation. ILS Clotho& Morn 1971- 72. (Copyropot 4171972 br the Nations Catholic Educetional esioasaon.1

Tab 44.-Earcillmsnt of 3, 4, and Ilympold dtildren in preprintery

program by ape and by type of program: Untied State,

October 1973

(Numbers in thousands( Entonnent stems and

type of program

Total. 3-5 man

old

3 yews old 4 men

old 5 menold

t 2 3 4 5 Entobrennt Man Tout population 10.361 3E87 3.443 3.364 Patent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Enrolled 40.9 14.5 34.3 78.0 Not enrolled on these pension 59.1 85.5 838 24.0 Taps of mama

Total monad 4234 818

I. 1.177 tau. Nosey school 1.318 489 783 78 Public 394 127 232 38 Nonpublic 924 383 521 40

ItualsaW1411 3.918 26 424 3.488 Public 3.435 10 2813 2.139 Nonpublic 481 18 138 927 NOTE.-Endudai from this table se 3413.000 frvesaolds In dernsotay schools

atom ths kincimpreen hare and 1134.000 heece-aleh In PIPlInulto 0101111115 Oscan@ of roundirq, details nay not sold to totals.

SOURCE. U.S. Ospartmant of Commerce. flume of the Census. [tenet

Ibpulation Reports Sales P20. No. NB.

Table 43. 811111111Ery statistics on Csthotio alarrantary and sscondoty schools: United States, 1919 20 to 1973 74

School year

Number of schools Enrollment -

Instructiond staff*

Elemental/ Secondary Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1919-20 6,561 1,652 1,796,673 129,848 41.592 7,924

1929-30 7923 2,123 2322,698 241,889 68,248 14,307 1939-40 7,944 2,105 2,035.182 381.123 60281 20976

1949-50 8.589 2,189 2,660,816 606,572 66,525 27,770

Pail 1960 10,601 2,392 4373.422 880,389 108,169 43,733

Fell 1982 10.846 2.602 4,485,221 10E3,126 112.199 48.880

Ftdi 1984 10,832 2,417 4333,771 1,038,748 117,854 53344

1967-68 10,360 2,277 4.106.806 1,092,521 2129,800 258.000

1968-69 10,113 2,192 3,859,709 1,080391 2131,200 3t9.400

1989-70 9.695 2,076 3907,168 1,050330 3133.200 42,200

1970-71 9,370 1080 3.385,478 1.003,098 112,750 53,558

1971-72 8,982 1357 3275,785 959.188 108,886 52397

1972-73 8.761 1,773 2974325 924,141 106,384 50,580

1973-74 8,550 1.719 1 2.710.734 903374 102.785 51,098

Beginninp in 1970-71. includes fug-time teaching staff only. 2 Indudes estimates for Me nont11170141110 454`0019. SOURCES; Notional Catholic Educetiond Association. A Statistical Report on

41

Chtholie Sionentory and Secondary Schools for the Years 15E7-68 to 1869-70,

as compiled from the Official Catholic Directory: end U.S. Catholic Schools,

1973-74. (Copyright 0 1970 and 1974. impectiydy, by the National Catholic

Educational Association. All rights reserved.)
Table 45.-Estimated enrollment in nonpubla elementary and secondary

schools, by State: Fell 1974

State or other 6108 Total Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 I

UMW Status 4.700.000 33300,000 1,200,000 Alabama 49,900 37,700 13.200 Alaska 500 300 200

Arizona 27.400 20,900 6.500

&tenses 11,100 8,100 3,000

Calif omb 309.800 244.200 65,600

Colorado 32.500 24,1' 8,200

Connecticut 99.500 63,01m 38,500

Da lame 17,000 12.200 4,800

District of Columbia 20,900 12,400 8,600

Florida 103.000 74,300 28,700

Georgia 30.100 19.700 10,400 HIVIIIII 20.000 14p00 6,000

Idaho 5.700 4,200 1,500

Illinois 407.000 3013,900 98.100

Indiana 98,300 77,400 20,900

Iowa 65,400 47,000 18,400

Kenya 32.000 24,500 7,500

Kentucky 57,600 42.400 15,200

Loubiena 129,500 96,700 32.800

Wine 18.103 10.600 7.600

Maryland 108.800 78.900 27,700 Mesarchusetts 182.700 134.000 68.700

Michigan 244.300 179,400 64,900 Minnesota 107,600 85,200 22.400

Mississippi .. 82.200 38,000 24,300

Missouri 96,000 84,700 11,300

Montane 10,100 6,900 3,200 Nebraska 41,000 28,800 13.200 Nevada 2.800 2,000 800

. New ilimpdtire 25,400 17,300 8,200

New Army 239,800 185,100 54.700

New Mexico 12,700 9,700 3,000

New York 684.800 511,500 173,300

North Caroline 28,100 20,800 5,300

North Dakota 11,000 7,700 3,300

Ohio 261.900 218,600 75,300

Oklahoma 11,500 8.300 3,200

Oregon 23.800 17.900 5,700

Pennsykinis 459,300 339.500 119.800 Rhoda Island 34,000 25,100 8.900

South Carolina 28,200 23,100 5,100

South Dakota 11,000 8,300 2,700

Tennessee 32.000 20,600 11,400 Yeses 112,600 88,300 28,200

Utah 4,400 3,100 1,300

Vermont 11,300 6,700 5.600

Virginia 60,500 40,800 19,700

Washington 42,300 30.800 11,500

West Virginia 10,800 7,200 3.600 Wisconsin 174,200 140,200 34,000

Wyoming 2.100 1.900 200

Outlying areas

1 86,100 47,500 18,600

American Samoa 1,200 1,000 200

Canal Zone 500 400 100 Guam 4,600 3,500 1,100

Puerto Rico 66,000 39,600 16.400 Virgin Islands 3.800 3,000 800

SOURCE: Estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.

Tale U.-Enrollment In foreign languages compared with total

enrollment in pedal 9-12 of magic secondary schools:

United Suter, fall 1995, 1969, and 1970

[Numbers in thousands]

Language Fell 1965 Fell 1968 Fe111970

Percent

change,

1985 to 1970

1 2 3 4 5

Totel enrollment.

grades 9-12 11.610 12.718 13,332 14.8

All foreign languages:!

Number 3.659 3,891 3,780 3.3

Percent 31.5 30.8 28.3

Modern foreign languages:

Number 3,088 3.618 3,614 14.6

Percent 28.4 27.7 26.4

Spanish.

Number 1427 1,898 1.811 28.9

Percent 12.3 13.4 13.6 ... French:

Number 1,251 1,328 1,231 -1.7

Percent 10.8 10A 9.2 ... Gamlen:

Number 328 423 411 25.2

Percent 2.8 3.3 3.1 ... Russian:

Number 27 24 20 -24.5

Percent .2 .2 2 . . . Italian:

Number 25 21 27 8.3

Percent 2 2 .2 .. Other modem foreign

imillnailes:

Number 9 18 18 84 .4

Percent .1 .1 .1 ...

_ Latin:

Number 691 372 285 -55.1

Percent 5.1 2.9 2.0 ...

Includes enrollment In ancient Greek (not shown separately). Feast then 1,000

students were enrolled in this language in each of the 3 years.

NOTE. - Bemuses of rounding, details may not add to totals. Percentages was

computed from unrounded data.

SOURCES: (1) Modern Language Association of Americo. Foreign Lanairme

Offerfrip and thwellmenes in Raba Sewn** Sehooll Fa 197a (2) U.S.

Department of Meath, Education. end Welfare. National Center for Education

Statistics. Statistkv of PuNk pirmentery ow Secondary Day schools

42

56
Table 47. - Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compered with total enrollment in grades 7 to 12 of public secondary schools:

United States, 1948-49. 1080-81, and 1972-73

Subplot area

1948-49 1980-61 1972-73

Number Percent of

total

- Number Percent of

total

Number Percent of

total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Toed enrolintwit. grades 7-12 6.907.833 100.0 11232.742 100.0 18212.671 100.0

r 7.098.770 102.8 12972,238 110.8 23,387,341

0 English language arts 128.0

Health and physical education! 7.794271 112.8 12,081239 103.0 20239.304 115.1 Social sciences 8981.980 101.1 11902499 100.8 18.315.919 101.1 Mathematics 4457.987 64.5 8.688,386 73.3 12255,242 71.0

Natural sciences 4.031.044 58.4 7.739.877 66.0 12.130.350 87.0

Music 2484.201 36.0 4954347 42.2 5,929212 32.7

Business education 3.188.207 48.1 4.667.570 39.8 26,283.169 34.6

Industrial ens 1.782242 26.5 3.361.699 28.7 5.503227 30.4

Hone economics 1293925 24.13 2916297 24.9 24493276 24.8

Foreign languages 1.234.544 17.9 2278.354 22.0 4,379205 242

Art 1,219993 17.7 2.383.703 20.3 4229.523 27.2

Agriculture 373.395 5.4 507,992 4.3 2371,528 2.1 vocational trade and industrial education 369.794 5.4 344.704 22 2475227 2.8

Distributive education 131 131 38,383 .3 2127498 0.7

Other 111,053 1.8 106.487 .9 48,893 (21

I Includes driver education and ROTC.

2 Includes enrollment in Individual courses only (excludes occupational

propene).

Data not reported separately.

4 Includes talingual education only.

5 Less than .06 of 1 percent.

NOTE.-Percentage nay exceed 100.0 because a pupil may be enrolled In more

then one course within a set:feet area during the school year.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. end Welton% National Center

for Education Statistics, Panetta of Course Wining: and Entvlbonsta 6r Pubik

Sccondary *hook 1970- 71:and unpublished date.

Table 48. - Enrollment in federally aided vocational clams, by type a program: United States and outlying arms, 1920 to 1973

Fecal year

Type of program

Total Agriculture Distributive

occupations

Home

00011Onsin Trades and

industry

Health

occupations

Technical

education

Office

occupations

Other

Programs

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10 1920 265.058 31,301 48,938 184,819

1930 981,882 188,311 174,987 618,804

1940 2.290.741 584,133 129,433 818,788 758.409

1942 2,624,785 605.099 215,049 954,041 860,697

1944 2.001.153 489,959 181,809 808.605 543,080

1946 2,227,083 510,331 174,872 911.818 630,644

1948 2,838,121 640.791 292,936 1239,788 782,828

1950 3,384,813 764.975 384,670 1.430.368 804.602

1952 3,168283 748,402 234,984 1291289 793,213

1954 3.104851 737.502 220,819 1,380,147 828,583

1986 3,413.159 788,898 258,025 1286.818 883,719

1958 3.029.339 775,892 282,559 1259,822 983,844 27,423

1860 3.768.149 798.237 303,784 1,588,1013 9313,490 40.250 101.279

1982 4.072.677 822,684 321.085 1.725,1380 1,005,383 48,985 148,920

1964 4586.390 980.905 334,126 2222.139 1.069,274 59.006 221.241 1986 6.070.069 907,354 420,428 1,897.670 1.289,051 83.977 253,838 1238243

1988 7,533,938 851.158 674,785 2283,3 38 1.828.542 140,987 289,832 1.735.997 49,297

1970 8293260 852,983 529.385 2270,410 1.906.133 198244 271.730 2.111.180 354,135

1972 11,710.767 896,4130 040,423 3.445298 2,397288 338,852 337,089 2251,833 1,304819

1973 12,283,638 927.591 738,547 3.516.683 2,702,238 421,075 384,044 2,499.095 1.114265

SOURCES: U.B. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, Office of

Eduottion, annual reports on Vocational and Ttschnical Education: and Suitt:nary

Data. Vocational Education, Moil Year 1973.
Table 49.-Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and by level of instruction:

United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1988 to 1973

Level and type

of program 1906 1987 1988 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 Percent change.

1972 to 1973

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 All programs

-...--...-.{

6,070.059 7,047,501 7,533236 7,979286 8,793,960 10,525,060 11,710,787 12.283,538 4.9 3.048,248 3,532.823 3,842,898 4,079.395 5,114,451

-- Secondary 8,508,376 7,278,823 7.497,289 3.0 Postsecondary 442,097 449.906 692.970 706,086 1,013.426 1.148.312 1.336.191 1,369,722 2.5 Adult 2.530.712 2.941.109 2,987,070 3,050,486 2,666,488 2,870,973 3,088,053 3,418,527 10.4 Special needs 49.002 73,863 111,000 143,420 1805.384 11,423,710 11,636,782 1.601,633 .2.1 Agriculture 907.354

.. _. 935.170 851,168 850,705 852,983 845,086 898,450 927,591 3.5 Secondary 510.279 508,675 628.148 636.039 550.823 562,141 603.324 621,051 2.9 Postsecondary 5,987 8,093 11,038 15.818 23.381 28,418 34,924 40.588 16.2 Adult 390,388 413,454 305.367 290.338 278.779 254.526 258,212 285,972 3.0 Special needs 700 4,948 8.819 8,514 189.087 194.138 1100.228 (2) ... nlefibUtiVO 420,428 481,034 574,785 583,431 529.365 578,075 840,423 738,547 15.3 Secondary 101,728 151,378 175.818 184,208 230,007 241,119 282,730 303,272 16.4 Postsecondary 15.833 21.003 44.824 80.718 82,180 85.859 102,844 105816 3.0 Adult 301,118 403,783 349,730 307,976 217,198 251,097 274,849 329.359 19.8 Special needs 1,749 4.870 4,415 10,531 147.272 161,877 163,703 (2) ... Health 83.877 115.109 140,987 175,101 198,044 269.548 3343.852 421,075 25.1 Secondary 7,973 18,734 20.952 23,207 31.915 43.300 59,468 75,598 27.1 Postsecondary 36,498 54,135 84.592 91,922 102,515 137,943 177,468 192,612 8.5 Adult 37,065 42,721 52,866 58.603 83,614 88,303 99,720 152.887 63.3 Special needs 323 1,519 2,578 3,369 120,179 139,953 148,708 (2) ... a. Home economics 1,897,670 2.188,992 2283,338 2.449,052 2,5711 %10 3,129,804 3,445,68'+ 3,5113,883 2.1 Secondary 1,280.254 1,476,236 1,558,004 1.870,347 1,934.059 2.418,207 2.830.997 2,687,168 2.1 Postsecondary 2,852 3,506 4,395 13,490 44,259 62,972 138,604 68,077 -.8 Adult 602,383 685,225 877476 718,817 592.092 , 860,805 748,087 781,440 2.1 Special needs 12,401 23,026 43,481 48,398 1233.000 1528,518 1865,3W (2) ... Of floe 1.238,043 1.572,335 1,735897 1.835,124

--i 2,111,180 2,228,864 2,351,878

4 2 .499,095 8.3 Secondary 798.388 985,398 1,059,08 1,122,198 1,331,257 1,395.909 1.507,861 1.599885 8.1 Postsecondary 185,439 192,839 225,182 218,448 331,001 335,198 380,245 379,838 6.4 Adult 271,149 389,194 443,481 482,160 448.902 495.747 483,969 519,894 7.4 Special needs 3,087 6,104 7,878 12,318 1197.389 1287,231 1294,491 (2) ... Technical 253,838 288,054 289.832 315,111 271,730 313.880 337,089 384,044

Secondary 28.885 27,814 38,286 31.833 34,388 36,163 38,820 38,545 -.7 Postsecondary 100,151 97,158 104,748 130,584 151,621 177,718 189,488 201,173 8.2 Adult 124,730 140,431 127,418 151,714 85,723 99,979 108,781 124.326 14.3 Special needs 92 853 1,382 1,200 113,373 123,811 128,332 (2) ... Trades end industry 1,269.051 1,490,607 1,6213,642 1,720,889 1808,133 2,075,168 2.397,965 2,702.238 12.7 Secondary 318,961 387,709 421,719 458,554 892.396 809,140 952,283 1,134,280 19.1 Postsecondary 115,539 123,374 137,732 174,201 281,182 309.812 368.879 346.065 -3.3 Adult 803.901 968,301 1,030,723 1,042,382 952,855 956,214 1.088,806 1,222.893 12.3 Special needs 30.850 33,343 38.388 45.742 1182,642 1288.894 1275,219 12)

Other 49,297 89.783 354,135 1.087,270 1,304,619 1,114,265 -14.6 Secondary 42,317 63,011 309.608 1.002,3913 1,223,239 1,037,714 -15.2 Postsecondary 483 928 17,307 20,572 46,781 36.775 -19.6 Adult 18 498 27,220 84.302 35.819 39,776 11.7 Spacial needs 8,499 15,348 142,472 1124,588 1169,783 (2)

...

..... 1 Disadvantaged persons Included in distribution by level above. 2 DM not meltable.

SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of

Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education. (2) Unpubfished data.
Table 50. -Number of full-time and part-timer classroom teachers In publiq and nonpublic elementary and secondary day schools, by Stte:

Fall 1973 and fall 1974

State or

other area

Fall 1973 Fall 19743

Total Public Nonpublic2 Total Public Nonpublic

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 United States 2,366,094 2,125,094 231,000 2,131,000 231,000 '

Alabama 8.824 34.234 2.590 36,920 34,330 2,590

Alaska 4,108 4,048 80 4,120 4,080 60

Arizona 22,742 21,382 1,390 22,800 21,410 1,390

Arkansas 18.563 17,983 560 18,610 18,030 580

California 215,875 200.478 15,400 216,430 201,030 18,400

Colorado 28,282 28.392 1,870 28,340 26 ,470 1,870

Connecticut 40,440 34,750 8,690 40,540 34,850 8,890

Delaware 7,230 6,280 950 7,250 13.300 950

District of Columbia 7,890 8,680 1.310 7,910 6,800 1,310

Florida 73,022 67,532 8.490 73,210 67,720 5,490

Genesi' 47,285 45,375 1,910 47,410 45,600 1,910

Hawaii 8,887 7,877 990 8,890 7,900 990

Idaho 8,533 8.283 270 8,580 8,290 270

Illinois 12b,921 110,831 18,090 129,230 111,140 18,090

Indiana 66,778 52,048 4.730 58,920 52,190 4,730

Iowa 7d,118 32,708 3,410 38,210 32,800 3 ,410 Kansas 2,,189 25,529 1,840 27,240 25,600 1,840

Kentucky 34,382 31,412 2,970 34.470 31,600 2,970

Louisiana 47,894 41,884 6 ,010 48,010 42,000 8,010

Maine 12,772 11,612 1,160 12,800 11,840 1,180

Maryland 48,173 42,793 5,380 48,290 42,910 5,380 Massachusetts 78,099 88.249 9,850 78,280 86,430 9,850

Michigan 102,519 91,429 11,090 102,770 91,590 11,090

Minnesota 49,381 43,821 5,760 49,500 43,740 5,760

Mississippi 28.752 23,472 3,280 28.820 23,540 3,280

Missouri 51.290 46,880 4,610 51,420 48,810 4,610

Montana 9,199 8,639 580 9,220 8,660 560 Nebraska 19,439 17,289 2,160 19,490 17,340 2,150 Nevada 8,671 5,571 100 5,890 5,690 100 New Hampshire 9,915 8,405 1,510 9.940 8,430 1,510

New Jersey 90,148 79,168 10.990 00.370 79,380 10,990

New Mexico 13.280 12,520 740 13,290 12,550 740

New York 212,541 180,721 31,920 213,040 181,220 31,820

North Caroline 62,887 51,277 1,610 53,030 81,420 1,610

North Dakota 8,149 7,569 680 8,170 7,590 580

Ohio 118,087 105,127 12,940 118,380 105,420 12,940

Oklahoma 28,391 27,811 780 28 ,470 27,890 780

Oregon 23,830 22,250 1,280 23,590 22,310 1,280

Pennsylvania 130,703 110,523 20,180 131,010 110,830 20,180

Rhode Nand 11,10 9.428 1,730 11,180 9,450 1,730

South Carolina 28.890 26,960 1,730 28,780 27,030 1,730

South Dakota 8,797 8,127 670 8,820 8,150 870

Tennessee 39,260 37,160 2,100 39.350 37,260 2,100

Texas 137,077 130,517 9,550 137,440 130,880 6,560

Utah 12,590 12,370 220 12,820 12,400 220

Vermont 7,082 8,282 820 7,100 8.180 820

Virginia 55.881 51,781 4,100 58,000 81,900 4,100

Washington 35,039 32,889 2,350 35,130 32,780 2,350

West Virginia 19,054 18,474 680 19,110 18,530 880

Wisconsin 58,732 48,432 8,300 58,870 48,570 8.300

Wyoming 4,983 4,883 120 5,000 4,880 120 Outlying areas 32.410 29,070 3,340 32.490 29,160 3.340

American Samoa 663 823 40 860 820 40

Canal Zone 648 828 20 650 630 20

Guam 1,417 1,247 170 1,420 1,250 170 Puerto Rico 28,349 25,439 2,910 28,420 15,510 2,910

Virgin Islands 1,335 1,135 200 1,340 1,140 200

I The pastime teachers are Included in the totals in full-time OCIuMilentS.

2 Estimated.

45

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Staelarica of Public Elentenrary and Secondary Day

Schools, Pail 1973: and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.

59
Table 81. - Instructional staff In public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and by State: United States, 1971 -72

tin fulltime equivalents)

State or

outlying area

Total

instructional

staff

Principals

(Including

assistant principals)

Consultants or supervisors

of

instruction

Classroom teachers end other nOnsuPetvlsorY personnel

Classroom

teachers Librarians

Guidance and

counseling

personnel

Psychological

personnel

Other non

supervisory

instructional Pets Connell 1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9

United States 2421.607 97,211 37,495 22.069,538 41,954 52,3613 7,378 15,385

Alabama 36.298 1.393 303 33.602 - 13) - -

Alaska 4,491 190 72 4,017 92 101 11 8

Arizona 22.877 828 169 20,692 490 502 88 110 Arkansas 21.682 981 74 19,700 469 432 8 - California 210.508 9.679 1,829 191,055 1,783 6.084 1,098 - Colorado 28,367 1,448 406 25,080 468 812 60 118 Cornet: taut 39.789 1,724 283 34,340 - - - 43.462 Delaware 6,801 288 88 6.049 117 170 33 36

District or Columbia 7 ,436 340 189 6,695 180 314 50 107 Florida 75,072 2.841 1,13/ 65.106 2.134 1,943 1.023 1,088

Georgia 49,375 2,803 347 43,433 1,818 976 - - Hawaii 9.182 391 47 8,235 226 203 - 20

Idaho 9,224 436 111 8,199 181 247 51 -

Illinois 118.143 3.930 1,755 105,835 1,842 2,317 388 296

Indiana 55,732 2,558 690 60,124 980 1.334 100 66

Iowa 36.928 1,615 119 32,293 774 1,039 49 37 Kansas 28,852 1.405 347 26,348 800 818 86 251 Kantuc Iry 34.770 1,415 355 31,014 1,190 778 12 6

Louisiana 41,818 1,419 498 37.913 1,107 884 17 - Maine 12,294 556 238 11,115 150 229 7 - Maryland 47,235 2,308 732 41,693 1,057 1,193 187 85

Massachina s 85,578 3,046 3.323 58.187 838 2.018 190 - Mkhigan 101,133 4.803 1.286 89,238 1,890 2.854 287 977

MInnesot 48.538 1,795 448 43.945 1,154 1.026 128 40

Missisum 25,848 1.221 418 22.829 833 502 14 33

Missouri 61,378 2.202 810 46.887 972 1,328 (6) 181 Montana' 9.936 - - 29,938 - - - - Nebraska 18,780 802 414 16,842 482 433 27 -

Nevada 6,987 284 97 6.291 122 188 7 - New Hantinhire 8,745 407 111 7.988 80 179 - -

New Jersey 86.170 2,963 1,748 78.044 1,377 1,941 480 1,637

NmaNkuna 13,747 834 233 12,248 231 359 5 37

New Vork5 209,432 7.397 9,193 182,319 2.836 6,334 1,353 I North Carolina 55,780 1,985 873 50,434 1.778 870 42 - North Dakota 7,821 247 45 7,271 110 90 4 54

Ohio 111,870 4,883 902 99.819 1,794 2.837 498 1,187

Oklahoma. 30.520 2,113 283 27,154 375 579 22 14 Oregon 213.854 1,295 837 23.038 639 899 7 341 Pennsylvania 121.484 3.588 1,700 109,814 2,025 3.006 348 1,225

Rhode Island 10.548 403 184 9,242 220 374 32 111 South Caroline 30.567 1,420 1.318 25,910 991 775 44 111 South Dakota 9,152 388 46 8,193 191 1713 6 153 Tennessee 40,400 1,485 479 38.378 1,148 870 41 -

Texas 140.580 13.739 584 127.237 2,043 1,428 (6) 2,551 Utah 13,724 588 180 12.084 308 347 55 184 Vermont 7,230 424 es 8,189 167 243 7 15K Virginia 58.841 2,815 811 52,417 1,537 1,290 171 - Washington 37.357 1,848 1.033 31,999 878 988 188 425

West Virginia 19,445 1,283 300 17.260 259 319 8 16 Wisconsin 58.134 2.069 225 51,142 1,103 1.206 194 196 Wyoming 5.221 224 47 4,872 83 102 28 87

4 MAW Ina Veal'

American Samoa 627 57 18 517 18 15 2 - Canal Zone 641 21 18 878 6 19 3 - Guam 1.363 88 88 1.142 34 43 - -

Puerto Rico 25,751 1,083 172 27,1349 395 325 - 147 Virgin Islands 1.044 48 - 934 24 33 - 5

3 Includes audiovisual instructors. television Instructors, and other nonsupervisory

Instructional staff.

:Data for columns 3, 4. and 8 through 9 included in column 6 for the State of

Montana.

3 Included with classroom teachers.

4 Includes librarians, guidance end psychological personnel, and other

nonsupervisory instructional staff.

5 Include' date for summer school and adult education programs.

6 Data not available.

7 Data from 1971-72 Montana Irdneatton [Victory.

a Date are number of fun-time and pertthne positions.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Stanstka of State Systems. 1971- 72.
Selected Characteristics of Public School Teachers

The National Education Aisociation (NEA) in

1972 issued a report on the Status of the American

Publk-School Teacher, 1970-71. The study provides

a wealth of information on the personal

characteristics, professional qualifications, teaching

assignments, and economic status of public

elementary and secondary school teachers. The data

on the age, marital status, and academic attainment

of teachers in 1971 are summarized in the

accompanying chart.

The NEA has conducted several similar surveys at

intervals of 5 years. When the data for 1960-61 and

1970-71 are compared, the following trends emerge:

The typical teacher in 1971 was younger than in

1961 (35 as compared with 41 years old) and had

fewer years of teaching experience (8 versus 11

years). Teachers in 1971 tended to be better educated

than previously; only 3 percent did not hold a

bachelor's degree, compared with 15 percent in 1961.

They also earned substantially higher average salaries,

nearly $9,300 in 1970-71 as contrasted with less

than $5,300 in 1960-61.

Men teachers accounted for 34 percent of the total

in 1971 but only 31 percent of all teachers in 1961.

Secondary school teachers constituted 47 percent of

the total in 1971 and 43 percent of all teachers

10 years earlier. There was a slight decline in the

number of pupils taught by each teacher between

1961 and 1971, but the average number of hours

worked per week remained the same (37 hours in the

required school week and 47 hours per week on all

duties).

Since the above figures are based upon sample

surveys, they are subject to the usual sampling

variability. Highlights from the teacher studies were

published previously in the December 1971 and

March 1972 issues of the NEA Research Bulletin. The

material is copyrighted by the NBA and is used by

permission.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 8. Seclected characteristics of public elementary and secondary school teachers:

United States, 1970.71

NOTE: Oats are bawd upon sample sunny of teachers. Because of rounding. parcentagas may not add to 100.0

SOURCE: National Education Associa tion. Research Report 1972413. Status of the Anwhoon Public-School

Teacher, 1970-7I. lOopyright 01972 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved./

47

61
Table 52.-Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex:

United States, 1970-71

Item All teachers Elementary Secondary Men Women

-- .

1 2 3 4

. a 8

. _ . . it.grant draw.. nod

Nu 4 yew Marsh* percent 2.9 4.6 1.1 2.1 3.4

Hachriiii dram.. . do 89.8 74.5 84.2 54.8 77.4

Mesta s .1egiv or I. years do 27.1 20.9 33.9 42.8 19.0

tru.hir .kgree . do 0 4 0.8 06 0.3

lidlethan v.ii-, rif !earning experience . .. . a 8 7 8 8

Length of ietruired school week . .. . . . . . . . . hours 36.5 36.3 36.8

Average Pumber of hCrice per week devoted to teaching duties 46.9 45.8 48.1 47.6 48.5

Average number of days Of classroom teaching in school year 1970- 71 .. 181 181 181 Average ..o.1.1. salary at ClassrOOM teacher dollars $9,281 $9,092 $9,449 69,854 $8.953

Amato age . years 38 39 36 38 39

Sex . . percent mar . tat status 100.0 34.2 85.7

Married do 27.9 44.0

Single . do 5.2 14.2

Widowed separated, divorced do 1.1 7.5

NOTE. -Data are based on reports received from a sample of 1.533 teachers.

Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0.

Table 53. -Teachers of federally aided vocational education

classes, by type of program: United States and outlying

areas, fiscal years 1970 to 1873

1 nu of program 1970 1971 1972 1973

2 3 4 5 Number o teachers Total 190.364 211.550 236.858 243,614

Agriculture . 12.420 12.910 13.270 13,912

Distributive 10.458 11.974 13.796 14.804 Health 10,483 12.613 14,552 18,780 Herne econorr..cs 34,225 38.106 41.547 44.878

Office 45.081 49,383 52.862 64,917 Technthel 14,241 14.780 16,820 13.858 Trades and industry 56,720 59.065 65.105 70.848 Other or unclassified 6.736 12,770 17.907 14,017

Percentage distribution

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 6.5 8.1 5.6 5.7 Distribut;ve 5.5 6.7 5.9 8.1 Health 5.5 8.0 8.2 6.9 Horne economics 18.0 18.0 17.8 18.3 Office 23.7 23.3 22.4 22.6 Technical 7.5 7.0 7.1 5.6

Trades and industry 29.8 27.9 27.8 29.1 Other or unclassified 3.5 6.0 7.8 6.8

NOTE Blouse of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, Office of Educe.

ton, unpubl.shed data.

SOURCE: Nationa Education Association, Research Division, Research Report

1972-R3. Status of the American PublicSchool Teacher, 1970-74 (Copyright 0 1972 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 54.-Public secondary school teachers, by teaching

field and by sex: United States, 1970-71

Teaching field in which largest

portion of time was spent

All

teachers

Men Women

1 2 3

All fields:

Number 931.898 504217 427,679

Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture 0.8 1.0

Art 3.7 3.1 4.4

Business education 5.9 3.8 8.8

English 20.4 13.2 29.1

Foreign language 4.8 2.3 7.8

Health and physical education 8.3 7.0 10.0

Home economics 5.1 11.3

Mathematics 14.4 15.2 13.4

Science 10.8 18.5 3.4

Social studies 14.0 19.8 7.2

Music 3.8 4.9 2.5

Industrial ens and vocational education 8.2 10.9 10.8

Special education 1.1 0.8 1.8

Other fields 1.0 1.8

Vocational education only.

NOTE. Percents are based on reports received from a sample of 707 teachers;

because of rounding, they may not add to 100.0.

SOURCES: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report

1972-R3, Stoma of the American Public- School Teacher. 1970-71 land Research

Report 1971-R13, Estimate- of School Stab**. 1971-72. (Copyright 0 1972

end 1971, resPeethrele, by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 55. -Estimated number of class:corn teachers In nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching fide:

United Stems. fdl 1974

Tanning Held Cheatham nachos Number reptant 3 All fields English . Social senile, Rah on Mathematics .. ........ Pntheln hinflthlm ... ......... Health ara1 phyucd education ........ Scarce . . ......... Moe . ..... Home economics .. 1thlustria1 ass and theN end *Outman All other . .

78.000

12.870

11.154 5.884

8.892 8.680

8.190

8.630

4.448 4.200

f f858

545

390

100.0

18.5

14.3 12.8

11.4

11.0

10.6 8.5

5. 5.5

1.5

7

.5 SOURCE National Center No !Overton Mentos estinthets 48
Table 58. - Estimated average annual salary of classroom teeclun in public elementary and secondary schools: United Bates, 1985 -58 to 1073 -74

School year

Average slaty lin dollars/ Average salary index 11965-58 00.01 All teachers Elementary

teachers Saeondaryteachers All reaches Elementary

teachers Secondaryteachers

1 2 3 4 8 6 7 1955-56 84.055 $3.852

=4,681

100.0 100.0 100.0 1958-57 4.239 4,044 104.6 105.0 103.9

1957-59 . . . ....... 4.571 4.373 4,894 112.7 113.5 111.0 1958-59 4,797 4,607 5.113 118.3 119.8 118.0 1959-60 4,995 4,815 5,278 123.2 125.0 119.7 1960-81 5,275 5,075 5,543 130.1 131.7 125.7 1961-62 5.515 5,340 5,775 138.0 138.8 131.0 1962-63 5,732 5.580 5,980 141.4 144.3 135.8 1983-84 5,995 5,805 6,288 147.8 150.7 142.1 1964-65 8.195 5.985 6.451 152.8 165.4 148.3 1985-86 6,485 6.279 6.761 159.9 183.0 153.3 1986-87 6.830 8.622 7.109 168.4 171.9 161.2 1967-88 7,423 7,209 7,692 183.1 187.1 174.5

1968-69 7.952 7,718 8,210 198.1 200A 1882

1969-70 8,835 8.412 8,891 212.9 218.4 201.7 1970-71 9.269 9.021 9.588 229.8 234.2 217.0

1971-72 9,705 9.424 10.031 239.3 244.7 227.5

1972-73 10.164 9,878 10.497 250.7 258.4 238.1 1973-74 . 10.673 10,337 11,009 2832 288.4 249.7

SOURCE: National Education Association. annual Ernmarea of School Saddam

Utast edition copyright 0 1974 by the National Education Association. All

rights reserved ; tra

Table 57.-Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries mid classroom teachers in public *matey/

and mender/ missals: United Stems, 1952-53 to 1973-74

School year

Percent of olassroom teachers paidLess then 53.500- $4.500- $5.600- $6,500- $7,600- $8.500- $.500- 410,800- $11,600

$3.500 4,499 5.499 8,499 7,499 8,499 9,499 10,499 11,499 Of more

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 1952-53 62.0 25.0 113.0

1953-54 56.8 28.8 117.8

1954-55 48.5 29.2 122.3 1965 -56 42.8 31.4 126.0

1958-57 35.0 33.0 132.0

1957-98 25.8 33.8 140.9 1958 -69 17.0 31.7 28.7 15.7 29.9

1959-80 12.8 29.7 28.2 17.4 211.9

1980-61 92 26.0 272 19.3 10.9 37.4

1961-82 5.7 20.9 28.9 22.0 12.9 30.0

1962 -83 4.3 17.7 28.0 23.4 14.5 8.1 440

1963-84 2.7 142 28.8 24.2 15.1 9.0 48.3

1964-65 1.8 11.9 27.0 24.7 18.8 10.1 5.5 82.8

1965-68 R 9.0 22.7 28.8 19.1 11.5 6.8 Saa

1988-67 .3 4.1 19.7 26.7 19.8 13.2 8.8 4.5 83.1 1967-88

1969-69

1969-70 .

1970-71

62.1 11.5 76a

72.9

71.6

25.5

18.1 13.2

72

22.0

24.5

20.6

15.6

15.3

18.1 19.7 18.8

10.5 13.4

14.4

15.8

6.6

8.8

11.4

12.5

sea

6.0

7.7 9.4

4.3

10.3

19.0

1971-72 819.9 17.6 16.5 12.4 102 23.1 1972-73 814.9 16.8 18.0 14.0 10.7 27.7

.1973-74 88.9 14.8 15.8 14.9 13.2 32.7

! $4,500 or more: detailed breakdown not available.

6 MOO or more: detailed breakdown not avallebN.

$7,500 or more: detailed breakdown not avellable.

4 $9.500 or more: detailed breakdown not available.

5 Detalkid breakdown not available beyond this salary range.

6 Leo than $4.500: detailed breakdown not available.

7 Less then $5.500; detailed breakdown not available.

Lea than $7.500: detailed breakdown not available.

RM.-Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCES: National Education Association, Research Report 1973-R3,

Economic Statue of the Teaching Profusion, 1972-73; end Research Report

1973-R13, Betimates of School Senbtic4 1973-74. {Copyright 0 1973 and

1974, respectively, by the National Education Astociation. All rights reserved)

49
Table ea -Average annual salary of Instructional staff In full-time public elementary and secondary day sthoob, by State; 1929 -90 to 1979 -74

State

or othr area

Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars (1973 -74 purchasing power12

1929 -30 1939-40 1949-50 1929-80 1989-70 1973-743 1929-30 1939-40 1949-60 1969-60 1989-70 1973-743

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United Suit& 81,420 81.441 93.010 115,174 98.840 811,185 413.870 84.810 SUN 69,216

1

810.919 $11.185

Alabama 792 744 2.111 4,002 8,964 9,443 2,159 2,483 4,158 8.364 8,590 9,443

Alaska 1,728 13) 6.859 10.993 16,053 4,710 19) 15) 10,891 13,579 18,053

Arizona 1,837 1.544 3,558 5.590 8.976 10,943 4 462 5,164 7,005 8,876 11,088 10,943

Arkansas 873 584 1,801 3,295 8,445 8,139 1.834 1,949 3,548 5,232 7,981 8,139

California 2.123 2,361 45) 68,800 9.980 13,875 5,788 7,848 45) 6,0,479 12,327 13,875

Colorado 1,453 1,393 2.821 4,997 7,900 10,767 3,960 4,650 6,557 7,934 9,758 10,757

Connecticut 1,812 1,861 3.668 8.008 9.400 11,880 4,939 8,212 7,009 9,540 11,811 11,860 Delaware . 1,570 1,884 3,273 65.803 9,300 11,860 4,279 6.821 8.447 89,209 11,487 11,880

District of Columbia 2.289 2.350 3,920 8,280 11,075 13,412 8,184 7,844 7,722 9.971 13,880 13,412

Florida 876 1012 2,958 5080 9.600 10,954 2,388 3,378 5,827 8,088 10,823 10,954

Georgia 6b4 770 1.283 73.904 7,372 9,110 1,864 2,870 3,867 16,199 9,108 9,110

Hawaii 1.812 131 (Si 6,390 9,829 11,968 4.939 15/ (5) 8,558 12,141 11,968

Idaho 1,200 1.057 2,481 4,218 7,257 8,696 3,271 3.528 4,887 8,894 8,984 0,898

Illinois 1,830 1,700 3,458 55,814 9,980 12,281 4,443 6,875 8,812 89,231 12,290 12,281

Indiana 1,486 1.433 3,401 5,642 9,674 10,828 3,998 4,783 8,700 8.800 11,928 10,828

Iowa 1;094 1,017 2,420 64,030 8,200 10,580 2,982 3,395 4,787 68,399 10,129 10,580

111141811 1,159 1,014 2,628 64,460 7,811 9,420 3,169 3,385 8,177 87,088 9,848 9.420

Kentucky 896 828 1,938 3.327 7,824 8,657 2,442 2,767 3,814 5,283 9,417 8,667

Louisiana 941 1,006 2,983 4,978 7,220 9,500 2,565 3,358 5,876 7,904 8,918 9,500

Wino 942 894 2,115 3A94 8,059 9,547 2,687 2,984 4,166 5,895 9,954 9,547

Maryland 1,518 1,d42 3.594 6,557 9.886 12,310 4,137 5.481 7,080 8,823 12,210 12,310 Massachusetts Michigan

1,875

1,534

2,037

1.578 3,338

3.420

25,145

5.854

9,175

10,125

11,710

1013,060

5,110

4.181 6,8005,261

8.576

6,737

98.804

8,977

11,333

12,506

11,710

1013.060

Minnesota 1,251 1,278 3,013 6,275 9.957 11,730 3,410 4,259 5,935 8,378 12,299 11,730

Mississippi 820 559 1.418 3,314 6,012 7,885 1,690 1,886 2,789 5,282 7,428 7,865

Missouri 1,235 1,159 2,681 4,538 8.091 9,823 3,736 3.869 5,084 7,202 9,994 9,823

Montana 1,216 1,184 2,982 64,435 8,100 9,772 3,311 3,952 5.835 97.020 10,005 9,772 Nebraska 1,077 829 2.292 3,878 7.855 9,541 2,935 2,787 4,515 6,164 9,702 9.841 Nevada 1,483 1,667 3,209 5,893 9,889 IS/ 4,042 6,197 6,321 9,039 11,968 13/ Now Hampshire 1,264 1,258 2,712 4,465 8,018 9,331 3,418 4,199 5.342 7,074 9,904 9,331

New Jersey 2,113 2,093 3,511 15,871 9,500 12,000 5,769 8,986 8.918 111.322 11,734 12,000

New Mexico 1.113 1,144 3,215 5,382 8,125 9.300 3,033 3,819 8.333 8,548 10,036 9.30D

New York 2.493 2.604 3.71:4 8,537 10,200 13,300 6.795 8.692 7,300 10,379 12,599 13,300

North Caroline 873 948 2.888 4,178 7,744 9.823 2,379 3,158 5,295 8,634 9,565 9.823

North Dakota 900 745 2,324 3,695 6,900 8,790 2,463 2,487 4,578 8.887 8.523 8,790

Ohio 1,688 1,687 3,088 5,124 8,594 10,750 4,538 5.297 8,083 8,136 10,615 10,760

Oklahoma 1,070 1,014 2.738 4,859 7,139 8,500 2,918 3,385 5,390 7.398 8,818 8,800

Oregon 1,812 1,333 3,323 5.535 9.200 10,265 4,394 4,460 6,648 8,788 11,364 10,285

Pennsylvania

Rhode Wand

1,820

1,437

1,840

1,809

3,006

3,294

5.308

115,499

9,000

8,900

11,400

11,709

4,415

3,917

5,474

8.038

5.922

8,489

8.428

118,731

11,117

10,993

11,400

11,709

South Carolina 788 743 1,891 3,450 7,000 9,048 2,148 2.480 3,725 5.478 8,648 9,048

South Dakota 956 807 2,064 3,726 8,700 8,600 2,608 2.894 4,086 6,915 8,278 8,500

Tennessee 902 882 2,302 3,929 7,290 9.150 2,469 2,877 4,535 8,238 9,006 9,150 Texas 924 1,079 3,122 4,708 7,503 9,301 2,518 3,602 8,150 7.475 9,268 9,301

Utah 1,330 1,394 3,183 5.098 8,049 9,885 3.625 4,853 8,113 8,091 9,942 9,685

Vermont 983 981 2,348 4,468 8,226 9,189 2.825 3,275 4.825 7,091 10,160 9,189

Virginia 881 899 2,328 4,312 8,200 10,300 2,347 3,001 4,588 8,847 10,129 10,300

Washington 1,556 1,708 3,487 115,843 9,500 11.935 4,241 5,895 8.889 118.960 11,734 11,935

West Virginia

Wisconsin

1,023

1,399

1,170

1,379

2,425

3,007

3,962

124,870

7,850

9.150

8,840

11,637

2,788

3,813

3,906

4,803

4,777

5,923

8,275

127,733

9,696

11,302

8,840

11,637

Wyoming 1,239 1,189 2,798 4,937 6,633 10,184 3,377 3.902 5.512 7,839 10,539 10,164

Outlying wear

American Samoa (5) (6) (5) 852 5,130 (6) (5) (5) 151 1,353 8,337 151 Canal Zone (5) 15) 16) 8,034 10,400 13,965 15) (5) 13) 9,581 12,846 13,965

Guam (5) (5) (5) 4,107 7.800 13,800 (8) (5) 13/ 8,521 9,835 13,800

Norio Rico (61 (6) (5) 62,360 13/ (3) 15) (5) (5) 63,747 (3/ 15)

Virgin Islands (5) (5) 15) 3,407 13) 10,521 (5) (5) 16) 5,410 IS/ 10,521

1 Includes supervisors, principals, classroom UMW% and other 'Mutational

staff.

2 Based on the Consumer Price index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor.

3 Estimated.

4 Beginning In 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii.

5 Data not available.

6 Partly estimated.

7 Excludes kindergarten teachers.

8 Includes administrators.

9 Includes clerical assistants to intuuctional personnel.

1.9 Represents actual salary for 1972-73 school yew.

11 Includes attendance personnel.

12 Excludes vocational schools not operated as part of the regular public school

System.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Cantor

for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systeme and Middles of

Public filamentary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall l 973.
Table 69.-Average annual salary of instructional staff in public

elementary and secondary day schools, and average annual

earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in

unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars:

United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74

Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars (1973 -74

purchasing powerll

School year Salary per

member of

instructional

staff

Earnings per

full-time employee w irking for wages

or salary2

Salary per

member of

instructional

staff

Earnings per

full-time employee working for wages

or salary2

1 2 3 4 5

1929-30 $1,420 $1,388 $3,870 $3,778

1931-32 1,417 1,198 4,586 3,877

1933-34 1,227 1,070 4,322 3,789

1935-36 1,283 1,180 4,358 3,940

1937-38 1,374 1,244 4,479 4,058

1939-40 1,441 1,282 4,810 4,279

1941-42 1,507 1,576 4,513 4,719

1943-44 ..... . ... 1,728 2,030 4,831 5,440

1945-48 1,995 2,272 5,105 5,814

1947-48 2,639 2,692 5,282 5,388

1949-50 3,010 2,930 5,929 5,772

1951-52 3,450 3,3322 6,122 5,895

1953-54 3,826 3,828 6,833 6,291

1955-58 4,156 3,924 7,212 6,841

1957-58 4,702 4,276 7,874 8,979

1959-60 5,174 4,632 8,215 7,355

1981 -82 6,700 4,928 8,844 7,848

1963-64 6,240 5,373 9,434 8,123

1965-66 6,935 5,838 10,131 8,529

1967-68 7,630 6,444 10,463 8,837

1969-70 8,840 7,334 10,919 9,059

1971-72 10,100 8,334 11,450 9,448

1973-743 11,185 9,392 11,185 9,392

571,602 0 75 5

I Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

U.S. Department of Labor. 2 Calendar-year data from the U.S. Department of Commerce have been

converted to a school-year basis by averaging the 2 appropriate calendar years in

each case.

3 Estimated.

SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National

Center Cy Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems and Fall

Statistics of Public Schools. (2) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of

Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July issues; U.S. Income and

Output; and National Income, 1954 edition.

516$
Table 00. bloated stadide on schoolhowing in full ime public alanienaity and secondary day schools, by Stem 1970 71 and fall 1971

State or outlying

area

Number of pupils on cur ailed

'onions. fall 1971

Number of instructiOn rooms

Total Elementary Secondary

Completed

during

1970-71

Abandoned

during

1970-71

Available

and In use,

fell 1971

1 2 3 4 5 f 7 United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Deferent

District Of Cabinda'

Florida

Georgia

Hawed

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa Kansas Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Mwylend Massachusetts Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana Plabraske Nevada New Hampshire

New Jenny

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakote

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee Tees

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

INcist Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

1170.788 1108.211 1264,576 388.300 118,005 21.918400

(31

17.278

68.742

2.065

7.063

102

116.147

4.544

131 2,543

(3)

4.880

21,331

20.179

3.48E

131 32.521

3.018

36,919

29,432

131 174 3,383

(31

9,040

50,644

1,213

2,410

pi)

3,359

13)

1,897

2,977

8,085

430

(31

20,691

7.554

1,111

(3)

131 8,238

16,193

862

4,663

102 4116,147

1,185

(31

648

(31

1,903

16,248

19,749

3.485

(31

11,930

3,018

28,385

28.321

(31 174 3,383

131 102

13)

105

431 1,404

131 276

se

2.829

1,802

298

167

1,900

1,301

425

717

1,438

131 271 2.087

3,238

1.808

2.445

1.381

950

684

238

241 2.821

537

5,110

1,358

232

(31

823

875

2,985

454

131 142

900

2,092es

441 1,728

327

658

1,466

13)

(31

16

431 493

431 256

131 83

24

686

941

99

103

300

118

310

360

862

907

214

376

383

808

542

1,297

997

120

1U

133

775

189

1,228

832

240

431 294

80

1,010

178

31

106

432

429

30

81

1,001

131 359

593

131

(3)

3,248

(31

19.187

43)

23,810

(31

5.642

5,848

53,617

45.799

7,745

7,923

101,800

50.238

29,381

25.958

29,162

38,166

10.463

35,057

47,659

93.085

41.657

22.358

40.182

18.701

6,243

7,059

62.734

12.583

143,743

53,842

7,971

(3)

27.198

22,479

93,384

7,827

28.834

7,714

34,521

43)

11.648

5,914

50,622

35,915

16,625

41.171

431 Outtifine MO'

American Samoa

Canal Zone

Guam

Puerto Rico

Virgin blends

7.998

255.971

8.013

161,801

1,988

94.170

1 186

517

431

3

263

43)

610

1,047

19,213

940

1 Incomplete: escudos Stares for which data are not available.

3 Inducers estimate for the nonreporting States.

3 Date not available.

4 Dee for column 3 included in column 4.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Pan 1 971 Stattnica of Public Schaal.

52 66
BEST COPY AVAILABLE

I onet Nonent at lute bous edmineueno and moot mama. In One toe ion Table 82.-Number of public school systems

end number of pupils enrolled. by site

of system: United Stems, 1971-72

I*

1.111. 1

0000110

.... 00 606 %IA. 6110 oIM,,0

11,11 py -1010 1.004. WM*. &11.L. 11.11,.. 1...

NN

011.0 M

MP10.44.0

411404.04.4

41.44044 8..,44

4001.4 4101 01,o 004

044 0 WWI M. NINA Mese 0 . WM .00 .0.8.41; 44.4.

.10404.94 .4.

1.00 1041

t anba Mole

'404

1110

f

4

......44 ....to

w .*

, . I .. 10 us las* V

1 P .

100 .4 0 1.1. t,N I bp0

1,0

1 b, 11, 4111. 1 / 1.,1 hr' 514 10

1411 4.

,41 stet leo

44. 4 /11 410 5114 103 : 60

8 .0 1 :l1

11 1% Mg 1 Sri 0 0

14 0 1..t. Id, 10

1.41 6'1

9111e

111' 41.

.11

t, 114 . .

110

4U

3/

.69

4 SW

IS

4

n. 1112

II

II

1

0

3107

Ie

0

'I

...,

110

.4

.0. 1:4 10' 0

0

1 104

24

1i Iii

101

Enrollment sin'

School systems Pupils en coo

Numbs, Percent Number tin

thousands) Percent

1 2 v 4 Total 75.000 or more . 12,000 to 74.999

6.000 to 11.999

3.000 to 5.999

1.800 to 2.999

1.200 to 1.799

60e3 to 1.199 300 to 699

15t1 to 299 50 to 149

15 to 49

1 10 14 None,

17,238 100.0 248,010 100.0

184 423 990

1,913

1.952

1,850 2.836 2.387

1.646 1.418 905

770 378

1.1 2.5 6.1

11.1 11.3 9.8

15.3

13.7 9.5

8.2

5.3 4.5

2.2

14,084 8.938

8.194

7,986

4,541

2,448

7,268

1,037 388

138

26

70

20.3

14.5

17.1 18.8 9 5

5.1 4.7 2.2

.8

.33

1410 -..

1 Based on the number of pupils enrolled in October 1971.

3 Includes 1.832.000 students enrolled at the collage level.

3 systems not operating schools.

4 LOU than .05 Dement.

NOTE. - Because of rounding. details may not add to totals. SOURCE U.S. Department of CO1,101140, Bureau of the Census. 1972 Census uf

Governments. Vol. 1. Onvenutientil Organisation.

v4.00 tat 246 J1 40.4.4 138 114 4 .4 00...0. OW 1.40... 3. .. 314 0 : 0

0

1,0400 . 334 1.1 , b.1 1 OU 0..........4.4,44.0.10441..-00.4. 10

1013110.0

4

1 01.. 0.14.4 1 C041 A.411 1 I deo, ..1. 1.,

:.% ...es.. 1 1 1 1

'411401 V .. t.140r...01 0 040 10..0... ... owe.. 0004 1 ...0 0 10004 SOP.. .nne. . w. 3/444/01.1 o y ..... /ad. , .... .4111441.4.4.44 1.30.

Table 63. - Number of local basic I lministretive units (school districts) and number of public and nonpublic elementary and seconday schools:

United States, 1920-30 to 1972-73

School VIM School

districts3

Public school systems Nonpublic schools1

Elententmy schools Mondry

schools ENmen. tary Secondary

Total t teacher 2 3 4 5 8 7 1929.30 131 238,306 '49.282 23,930 9.275 3,258

1931 -32 121.531 232.750 :43,391 28,409 9,734 3.289 1933.34 131 238.236 139.166 24.714 9.992 3,327

1935-38 131 232.114 131.101 25.852 9.902 3,327

1937-38 119.001 275.860 121.118 25,481 9.992 3.327 1939-40 t17.108 131 113.800 13) 11.306 3,568 1941 -47 115,493 183.112 107.892 25.123 10.285 3.011 1943- 44 ...... 111.383 169.906 96,302 28.973 50,286 3.011 1945. 48 101.382 180,227 88.583 24.314 9,883 3.294 1947-48 94.926 148,780 75.098 25.484 10,071 3.202 1949- 50 83,718 128.225 69,6t2 24.542 10.376 3.331 1951-52 71.094 123,783 50.742 23.746 10,666 3.322 1953-54 83.057 110.87E 42.885 25,837 11.739 3.913 1955-56 104.427 34.954 28.048 12.372 3.887 1967 -58 47.694 95.446 25.341 25,507 13.085 3.994 1959- 80 40.620 91.863 20.213 26,784 13.574 4.081 1143182 . 35,878 81,910 13.333 25.350 14.762 4.129 1983-84 31,705 77.684 9,895 26.431 131 4,451

1965-88 28,983 73.218 8.491 26,597 16.340 4,608

1987 -88 22.010 '0.879 4.148 27,011 414,900 14,300

1970-71 t 7.995 65.800 1,815 25,352 14,372 3,770

1972-73 18,980 84.945 1,475 26.922 414,000 43.700

Data for most years are partly estimated.

2 Includes operating and nonothooting districts. 3 Date not available. 4 Estimated.

53

NOTE.- Beg nning In 1959- 60. includes Alaska and Howell.

SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education. end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics. Srattnica of State School Systems: Pali Sfdlblica of

Public Schools. and SraliStlet of Nonpublic Plementary and Secondary Schools.
Table 04. - Number and percent of public secondary schools. by type of school: United States. 1919 -20 to 1970 -71

Scloot yen Total

, Type of school

School year Total

Type of school

Trish. mond I Junior: !WOO Juniorrenior4Trish.

well Juniata Senior/ Junior - eenioe4

I 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 5

1919-20: 1951-52:

Number 14,328 13,421 55 22 838 Number . . . . . 23.746 10.168 3.227 1.780 8.591

Portent 100.0 93.7 0.4 0.2 8.8 Percent 100.0 42.8 13.6 7.4 36.2

1929-30: 1988-59:

Number 23.237 16.480 1,842 648 3.287 Number 24,190 8A24 4.990 3,040 10.130

Percent 100.0 74.0 8.3 2.9 14.8 Potent 100.0 24.9 20.7 12.8 41.9

1937.38: 1967 -68:

Number 26.067 15.523 2,372 969 6,203 Numbs 329.631 6.433 7,437 4,318 8.343

Percent 100.0 . 82.0 9.5 3.8 24.8 Percent 100.0 24.2 28.0 16.3 31.4

1945-46: 1970-71:

Number 24.122 13.797 2.0113 1.312 6.380 Number 324,882 9.818 7.750 4,647 8.687

Percent 100.0 57.2 11.0 GA 26.4 Percent 100.0 29.8 31.4 18.8 23.0

NOTE.-Date through 1958-59 ere or 48 States end the District of Columbia.

Bemuse of rounding, womb may not odd to 100.0.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. Office of Education. Statistics of Ifettseatton in the United Staten 1968-59 Series.

Number 1. Public Secondary IkhooLe: Magnin of Sane School Systeme.

1967 -68: and Statinfre of Allele Stententary and Secondary Day School Fall

1971.

'Includes regular 4yeo high schools proadtd by bone elementary schools: no

niergenitetion hes tekon place.

3 Indudes 3. and 33Yeor bolo/ MIA schools.

3 Includes 3 end 4year senior high schools Preceded by lunla` schools.

4lndudes IS- and boa high schools. Beginning In 1987-88. also includes

combined elementerocondary schools.

I Excludes incomplete high schools and vocational or beds high Moils (480 In

19137-68 end 870 in 1970-71).

Table 88. - Number of high school graduates compared with posh:don 17 yeen of age: United States, 1899 ..70 to 1972 -73

School year

PoPu

lotion

17 years

old/

High shoal eredustes1 Number

greduend per

100 persons

17 years of age

School you

Pope.

lotion

17 years

old/

High school graduates' Mother

gredusted per

100 persons

17 years of age

Total Boys V Olds Total Soya Olds

I 2 3 4 5 8 I 2 3 4 5 8

1889-70 815000 10,000 7,004 8.938 2.0 1949-110 . . . ... 2,034.480

1 1.199,700 570.700 629.000 59.0 1879-80 948.028 23.834 10,605 13.929 2.5 1951-62 2480.800 1.198.500 869200 627200 58.8 18139-90 1,259.177 43,731 18,649 25.183 3.5 1953-54 2.128,600 1,278,100 eitsoo 663.900 60.0 1899-1900 . . .. 1,489.148 94,883 38,075 56,808 6.4 1955-58 ... 227000 1,414200 879.500 735.300 62.3 1909-10 1,788240 158,429 83978 92.783 8.8 1957-88 . . . ... 2224,000 1,608200 725,500 780,400 84.8 1819-20 . 1.885.173 311.268 123,884 287.982 16.8 1859-80 2982,005 1,86000 898000 966900 88.1

1929-30 2.295922 868.904 300.376 366,528 29.0 1981-82 2.768,000 1.928000 941.000 984,000 69.5 1939-40 2.403074 1221.475 578.718 842.757 80.8 1953-44 3001000 2290000 1.121000 1.189.000 78.3 1941-42 2,425,674 1,242275 878,717 665988 51.2 1985-88 3.515,000 2.832,000 1,308,000 1,324000 74.9 1943-44 2.410,389 1019,333 423.971 595282 42.3 1987-88 3221.000 2.7112,000 1,341.000 1261,000 78.7 1948-48 2254.738 1090.033 466028 613.107 47.9 1989-70 3225.343 2.696.900 1.433000 1.483,000 75.7 1947-48 2202,927 1,189,909 582,863 037.946 54.0 1971-72 3,957000 3008,000 1.490.000 1.518.000 78.0 - . - tan-tt_.-i_igaiseg_Am000 1001.000 memo 752

! Indudes oedema of public and nonpublic schools.

Der from Bureau of the Census.

NOTE.-BeennIng In 1959-60. Includes Abdul and Hans&

SOURCES: U.S. Deportment of Heath, Education, and Welfare, National Canter

for Edo:teflon Ststletbs, statistic of State School Syetnnt: Stattnks of Pubic

61nstesttsey and &wonder, Day Schools Pan 1973: Statieties of Nonpublic

Stemenrary and Seeotheltry &hoots: and urdublidted data.

Table IA -Percent of high school dropouts among plicate 14 to 24 veers old, by sacs and Na: United States,1997 and 1973

Ags

1987 Block Female

1 2 3

Total,14 to 24 wen old

14 end 15 von old

IG end 17 yews old

18 end 19 yews old

20 to 24 yews old

23.9 21.8

3.6

11.7

308

42.6

4.0

14.6

22.0

39.1

NOTE.-Dropouts -e proms Wu) ere not enrolled In school end who are not high school roduetse.

1973

White Meek White Mete Female Male Female Mole Ponds

4 S 6 7 8 9

11.9 13.1 17.8 18.9 10.4 11.3

1.5 1A 3.1 3.1 19 2.8

7.0 9.4 10.8 10.0 8.7 92

15.4 152 27.7 23.0 14.1 152

18.8 19.0 24.9 29.0 13.7 142

SOURCES: U.B. Department of Comore. Bureau ui tne Census. Outent

Population Report% Series P-23, No. 48. and Series P-20. No. 272.
High School Graduates Compared With Population

17 Years of Age

The National Center for Education Statistics

estimates that nearly 3.1 million young people

graduated from American high schools during the

school year which ended in June 1974. This

represents an increase of about 2 percent over the

3,037,000 persons who graduated in 1973.

The size of these graduating classes reflects the

high birth rate in the mid1950's and also the present

tendency of students to remain in school at least until

high school graduation. During the past century, as

the accompanying chart shows, the proportion of

young people finishing high school has steadily

increased. Between 1870 and 1970, the number of

high school graduates for each 100 persons in the

population 17 years old rose from 2 to 76.

In the class of 1973, as in each graduating class for

the past 100 years, there were more girls than boys.

Of the 3,037,000 graduates, 1,536,000 (50.6 percent)

were girls, and 1,501,000 (49.4 percent) were boys.

This represents a substantial change in As

distribution of graduates since 1920, when girls made

up 60 percent of the graduating class.

The figures for high school graduates reported

above include graduates of both public and private

schools. in 1973, approximately 90 percent of the

graduates were awarded their diplomas by public high

schools and the remaining 10 percent by private high

schools. in addition, each year a number of persons

are granted high school equivalency certificates. In

1973, approximately 191,000 persons received these

certificates.

NEVA A. CARLSON

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 9.-- Number of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years

of age: United States, 1869-70 to 1969-70

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 193 1940 1950 1960 1970

SOURCE: Table SS.

SS

69
..

Table 67 - Number of public end nonpublic high school spadplates, by sex and by State: 1972 -73

State or

other area

Public high school graduates' Nonpublic high school graduates:

Total Boys Girls Total Boys ;aids

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 United States 32,730.000 31,353.000 31277.000 300,0011 144,000 156,000

Alabama 44,441 21,450 22,991 1,700 800 900 Alaska 3 970 1,974 1,998 200 100 100 Arizona 24,012 12,267 11,768 1,400 700 700 Arkansas 25.708 12,909 12,798 700 300 400 California 268,021 132,339 135.682 19.500 9,200 10,300

Colorado 33.358 18.443 18.915 2.100 1,000 1,100 Connecticut 37,871 18,298 19,575 7,700 4,000 3,700 Delaware 7,733 3,730 4,003 1,000 600 400 District of Columbia 5,213 2,076 3,137 1.800 1,000 800 Florida 81.773 40,771 41.002 3.000 1,600 1,000

Georgia 57.755 27,811 29,944 2,100 1,300 800 Hawaii 11,147 5,529 5.618 1,800 1,000 800 Idaho 12,714 6,028 6,288 300 100 200

Illinois 135,735 68,574 89,161 24,300 11,100 13,200 Indiana 73,165 37,022 38.133 6.600 2,700 2,900

Iowa 44,521 22,459 22.062 6.400 2,600 2,800 Kansas 33.941 17,110 16,831 2,600 1,200 1,400 Kentucky 40.807 20,171 20.436 4,900 2 ,000 2,500 Lambkins 45,704 21,848 23.856 8,100 2,800 3,300 Maine 14,377 7.174 7,203 3.000 1,700 1,300

Maryland 52,813 25,531 27,282 6,300 2,900 3,400

274,372 337,188 237.188 16,700 7,800 8,900 ...4Ciassachusetts

Michigan 3128928 264,077 384.851 17.200 8.000 9,200 Minnesota 83,394 31,908 31,488 8,400 2,800 3,800 Mississippi 28,128 12,849 13,479 1,000 600 600

Missouri 60.069 30,518 29,552 7,900 4,000 3.900 Montana . 10.532 45,268 45,266 1,100 500 800

Nebraska 22,459 11.008 11.461 2.800 1,400 1"

Nevada 8.414 3218 3,198 200 100 100 New Hampshire 9,849 4,881 4.968 2,500 1,500 1,000

New Jersey 91.629 45.087 48,582 12,900 8,200 8,700 New Mexico 17248 8,627 8,621 800 400 400

New Vork 3204,680 4101207 4103.353 41.100 18.700 22,400 North Carolina 69,322 34.081 35,241 1,100 500 800 North Dakota 10,563 5,290 5,273 1,200 600 800

Ohio 152,428 78282 76,148 18,600 8.800 9,800 Oklahoma 37,349 19,028 18,320 800 400 400

Oregon 31,221 15,602 15.619 1,700 800 900 Pannsylvan!3 5154.600 79279 75,321 31,500 15,200 16,300 Rhode Island 10,802 5.288 5,514 2,500 1,300 1,200

South Carolina 636,150 17.400 18,750 700 400 300 South Dakota 12.184 6,152 6,012 700 300 400 Tennessee 52,115 26.280 28.835 2.700 1,700 1,000 Texas 163,529 76.426 77,103 5,700 two 2,900 Utah 18,993 9,473 9,520 400 200 200

Vermont 6,303 3.098 3,207 1,700 900 800 Virginia 62.089 29,000 33,180 3,800 2.200 1,600 Washington 50,988 25,355 25.6.fa 2,700 1,100 1,600 West Virginia 24,541 12.295 12246 800 400 400 Wisconsin 70.789 35,395 35.393 11,100 6.300 5,800 Wyoming 5.653 2,872 2,781 200 100 100

Outlying areas:

American Samoa 448 220 228 40 30 10

Canal Zone 738 362 377

Guam 1.056 521 535 I30 50 80

Puerto Rico 24.081 10,648 13,433 2,190 830 1,360 Virgin Islands 589 80 20 60

I Excludes approximately 7.000 graduates of subcollegiate departments of

Institutions of higher education, Federal schools for ballots and on Federal

installations, and residential schools for exceptional children.

2 Estimated by the National Canter for Education Statistics.

3 Includes estimates for the nomporting States.

4 Distribution by sex estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics. $ Estimated by reporting State.

6 includes pupils graduating during summer of 1973 instead of those graduating

during summer of 1972.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Statistics of Puts& Elementary and Secondary Day

Schools, Ilan 1973: and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.

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Table A. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary schools, by source and by State: 1973.74

!Amounts in thousands of dollars]

State

Total revenue end

110,111NeflUe maims

Revenue receipts

Nonrevenue

receipts

Fedortil State Local end other2

Total Amount Percent

of total

Amount Percent of total

Amount Percent

of total 1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10

United Stets 860228203 856235009 64.213,777 7.5 624,316.561 43.0 1128,004670 49.5 63703.398

Alabama 806,606 691,508 85,000 14.4 402.508 88.0 104,000 17.6 15,000 Alaska 188.605 188,417 28,368 16.8 105,847 82.8 34,702 ?0.3 20,188 Afil0110 643,060 559,180 41,380 7.4 215.128 38.5 302,675 64.1 83,880 Arkansas 378 .933 357,933 58,437 16.3 174,569 48.6 124.927 34.9 21,000 California 7,142.590 6,905,590 481,877 6.7 2,909,480 42.1 3,535,283 51.2 238.000

Colorado 800,983 704.983 51,300 7.3 249,000 35.3 404,883 57.4 96,000 Connecticut 975,065 966,065 39,980 3.1 223.160 23.1 712.965 73.8 10,000 Delaware 234,240 209,240 13200 8.6 146,740 69.7 49,600 23.7 25,000 District of Columbia 231,697 231,697 28,430 11.4 .... ... 205,287 88.8 .... Florida 1.781858 1,739,225 180,834 8.7 993,765 57.1 594,826 342 42,431

GOMIS 1,001,103 943,294 112,598 119 514,184 84.5 316,532 33.6 57,809 Hawaii 239,850 239,860 19,660 82 212.976 88.8 7,214 32 ... . Idaho 176,059 179,659 19,000 11.1 374,059 43.3 78.000 45.6 5000 Illinois 3,590223 3,378,473 199,500 5.9 1,361,155 40.0 1,828,818 54.1 214.160 Indiana 1,725,000 1254000 64000 5,1 410000 32.7 780,000 622 31,000

Iowa 741,000 708,000 35.000 4.9 250,000 35.3 433,000 59.7 33.000 Kansas 589.996 641,596 43.363 6.0 170300 31.4 327,933 60.5 28,000 Kentucky 818,000 580.000 80000 13.8 320,000 552 180.000 31.0 39000 Louisiana 907.780 804,290 112,370 14,0 450,010 58.0 341,900 30.1 103,500 Meine4 247,775 227.775 21.185 9.3 79,720 35.0 126870 55.7 20,000

Maryland 1,489,765 x,460,270 90,203 62 688,121 47.1 661,948 46.7 29,496 Mainchusetts 1,690255 1,483,556 76805 5,2 358,450 242 1,048200 70.7 107,000 Michigen4

Minnesota 2,914,070 2,558,070 102,240 4.0 1,278,035 60.0 1.175.795 46.0 358.000 1,403,000 1.290.000 60,920 4.7 760,000 58.1 479,080 37.1 113,000 Mississippi 472.596 440,695 108200 242 231,096 52.5 101.500 23.0 32,000

Missouri 1,134,728 1279006 82.408 78 387,700 35.9 608,900 58.4 55,720 Montana4 178.452 173,152 14,718 8.5 69,260 40.0 89.174 51.5 5,300 Nebraska 332,510 322.510 25,510 7.9 67,000 20.8 230,000 71.3 10000 Nevada 169,650 151,660 9,300 6.1 63,350 41.8 79,000 52.1 18,000 New Hampshire 189,653 171853 5,414 3.0 12,656 7.4 163,983 89.6 10,000

New Jersey 2,448000 2,348,000 135,000 5.7 673,000 28.7 1,540,000 85.6 100,000 New Mexico 288,294 272,779 43,630 16.0 175,570 64.4 53,679 19.8 15.515 New York 7.158,000 6,681,000 326.400 4.9 2,571,000 39.1 3.685.000 56.0 577.000 North Caroline 1,236,538 1,204,538 126,722 10.5 827,814 88.7 250.000 20.8 32000 North Dakota 159,870 153,870 14,000 9.1 487,800 43.9 72,370 47.0 8000

Ohio 2,840,000 2,480,000 180,000 7.3 850,000 34.3 1,450,000 582 360,000 Oklahoma 574,000 536,000 50000 98 240,000 44.8 246,000 459 38,000 Oregon 827,795 587,795 24275 4.1 143,520 24.4 430,000 71.5 40,000 FennsyMusis 3,352,730 3291,230 223,272 8.8 1,615,640 49,7 1,432,118 43.5 61,500 Rhode island 241,303 228,303 18,579 8.1 83,374 38.4 127,350 65.5 12,000

South Carolina 609.164 571,164 90,000 15.8 328.024 57.4 153,140 28.8 37,000 South Dakota 165.700 161,000 24,000 14.9 21,000 13.0 116,000 72.0 4,700 Tennessee 792,007 744,007 97,309 13.1 335,459 45.1 311,239 41.8 48,000 Tens 2,933.205 2,670,205 295017 11.0 1267,619 47.5 1,107,549 41.5 263,000 Utah 331,000 294,000 24,000 8.2 187,000 55.8 103000 35.0 37,000

Vermont 148874 137874 8,421 6.1 45,485 33.0 83,968 809 9,000 Virginia 1,298,000 1,198,000 125,000 10.4 440,000 38.7 833,000 52.8 100,000 Washington4 1.976.849 993,404 88,426 8.7 560,888 86.5 348,080 34.8 83,445 West Vkginie 379.977 351,015 43.956 12.5 201,735 57.5 105,324 30.0 28,952 Wisconsin 1260200 1,230200 40,000 3.3 491,800 40.0 688.600 568 30,800 Wyoming 91,000 90,000 10,000 11.1 33,000 36,7 47,000 522 1,000

2 Federal revenue receipts include Federal grant programs to Stahl end local

school systems. Including funds under the Elementary end 5econdery Education

Act, Economic Opportunity Act, aid to federally impacted areas, National

Defense Education Act, Manpower Development and Training, vocational

education. etc. Funds received from the School Lunch and Milk Program are

Included, but reporting on the money value of commodities received is

incomplete. Funds from .:Itater share of general revenue sharing ere included.

a Local and other revenue receipts Include menus receipts from local and

intermediete sources, gifts, end tuition and fees from patrons.

3 Includes $8200,000 of general revenue sharing apportioned through foundation

programs to public schools.

4 National Education Association estimates.

5 Includes $12,600,000 from general revenue sharing.

NOTE.-Oecaum of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Report 1973R8. Ersti. mate, of &hoof Statistic& 1973-74. (Copyright O 1974 by the National Education Association. All rights reterrod.)

58 72
Table 70. - Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local, end other Nunes. by State: 1971 -72

[Amounts in thousands of dollars)

State or

other Me

Total revenue

receipts

Federal' State Local sources

(including intermediatefa

Amount Percent of total

Amount Percent of total

Amount Percent

of total

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

United States $110.003,645 114.467.960 SA $19,13301116 38.3 S16.402420 52.8

Alabama . 547.500 117,691 21.5 306,936 56.1 122,873 22.4

Aie511e3 121,003 30,192 25.0 78,460 64.8 12,351 10.2 Arizona 478,595 56,278 11.8 191,924 40.3 228,393 47,9

Arkansas 302,884 64,304 21.2 130,320 43.0 108,240 35.7

California 5,279,814 414,938 7.9 1,768,898 33.5 3,097,778 68.7

Colorado 580.687 48,868 8.4 160,493 27.8 371.426 84.0

Connecticut 808,854 32,896 4.1 306,394 37.9 467,584 58.0

Delaware 189,410 14,232 8.4 117,781 89.5 37,417 22.1 District of Columbia 222,324 80,202 27.1 182,122 72.9

Florida 1,377.397 164,078 11.9 728,120 62.9 485,201 35.2

Georgia 841,580 132.040 15.7 414,825 49.3 294,715 35.0

Hawaii4 228.8413 27,082 11.8 198.230 88.7 3,334 1.5

Idaho 147.838 18,075 12.2 59,303 40.1 70,458 47.7

Illinois 2,841,444 168,171 5.9 940,791 33.1 1,7320632 81,0

Indiana 1.217.265 89,854 6.7 389,289 32.0 758,332 82.3

Iowa ... 702.217 45,743 8.5 198,827 28.3 457,647 85.2 Kansas 464,194 41,183 8.9 131.284 28.3 291,727 62.8

Kentucky 543,081 96,282 17.7 289,869 53.4 1513,910 282

Louisiana 758,353 110.781 14.8 418,895 65.2 228.677 30,2

Maine 224,565 21,557 9.6 79,561 35.4 123,447 55.0

Maryland 1,161.894 90,232 7.8 468,337 39.3 815,325 63,0 Massachusetts 1,480,571 72,817 4.9 390,861 28.4 1,017.093 68.7

Michigan 2,377,400 172,287 7.3 1.031.781 43.4 1,173,352 49.4

Minnesota 1.112.611 73,149 6.8 531,204 47.7 508,258 45.7

Mississippi .1 A 168 98,585 27.8 171.920 48.5 83,853 23.6

Missouri 978.713 90,481 9.3 327,185 33.5 559,087 67,2

Montana° 174,508 17,987 10.3 39.000 22.3 417,521 67.3

Nebraska 291,275 28,814 9.8 62,085 17.9 210,576 723 Nevada 133,232 11,987 9.0 51,798 38.9 69,449 52.1 New Hempshirs 149.212 11,851 7.8 9,289 8.2 128,292 88.0

New Jeneys 1,953,799 111,241 5.7 466,771 23.4 1,388,787 70.9

New Mexico 244,000 49,998 20.5 145,492 59.8 48,510 19.9

Now York 5,878,715 387,889 13.8 2,417,489 42.8 2,873.557 50.8

North Carolina 938,098 168,808 18.0 532,229 58.7 237,061 252

North Dakota 142,404 23,136 18.2 39,807 28.0 79,482 55.8

Ohlu 3,574.381 141,309 4.0 688,694 18.7 2,786,378 77,4

Oklahoma 481,538 65.003 13.5 217,704 45.2 198,829 41.3

Oregon 558,755 47 783 8.8 112,324 20.2 196,689 71.2 Pennsylvania 2,799,878 191,129 6.8 1,315,577 47.0 1,293,172 48.2

Rhode Island 229,458 17,120 7.5 98,228 41,5 117,108 51.0

South Caroline 484,387 90,775 18.7 280,530 53.8 133,082 27.5

South Dakota 148,105 22,848 15.5 20,507 14.0 102,952 70.6

Tennessee 847,288 95,238 14.7 306,122 47.1 248,930 38.1 Texas 2,324,584 290,478 12.5 1,094,287 47.1 939,822 40A

Utah 255,527 28.385 11.1 131.365 51.4 95,797 37.5

Vermont 125.837 7,597 8.0 45.359 38.0 72,881 57,9

Virginia 1.013,533 141,531 14.0 330,846 32.8 541,157 53.4

Washington 844.872 79.487 9.4 427,145 50.8 338,040 40.0

West Virginia 338,489 48,407 13.7 190,967 68.4 101,125 29.9

Wisconsin 1,087,113 50.900 4.8 327,353 30.7 688,880 84.5

Wyoming 93,414 9,739 10.4 32,113 34.4 51,5132 55.2

Outlying ems:

American Samoa 7,831 7,831 100.0

Canal Zone 15,150 4113,150 100.0

Guam 24,026 6.839 28.5 17,187 71.6

Puerto Rico 328.099 88.938 26.7 239,163 73.3

Trust Territory° 9.275 59,275 100.0

Virgin Islands3 26,437 2.743 10.4 23,694 89.6

I Includes value of commodities distributed under the school lunch and milk

programs.

2 Includes a relatively minor amount from other wumes (gifts and tuition and

transportation fees from patrons) whk.h accounted for 0.4 percent Of total

revenue receipts in 1967 68.

10. i from published reports

4 Both State and local revenues are reported even though the entire State of

Hawaii is regarded as a single school system.

5 Includes date from published and unpublished reports; partially estimated by

the National Center for Education Statistics.

6 Dee hum United Nations report.

NOTE. Because of rounding. details may not add to totals.

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, Statistics of Sure &hoot Systems. I v71 72.
Table 71. -Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federe , State, end local sources: United States, 1919 -20 to 1972 -73

School yew Total Fedora State

Local

(Including

inter

mediate!!

School year Total Federal State

Local

(Including

Inter.

modiste)! 1 2 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 6

AMOUNT IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS

_... PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

191920 $970,120 $2,475 8160,085 $807,561 1919-20 100.0 0.3 16.8 83.2

1929-30 2,088,857 7,334 353,870 1,727,553 1929-30 100.0 .4 16.9 82.7

1930-40 2180.527 39,810 684,384 1,536.383 1939-40 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.0

1941-42 2918,880 34,305 759.993 1,822,281 1941 -42 100.0 1.4 31.5 87.1 1943-44 2,604,322 35,886 689,183 1109,253 1943-44 100.0 1.4 33.0 85.8

1945-48 3,089,845 41,378 1,082,057 1.066,409 1945-48 100.0 1.4 34.7 838

1947-48 4,311,834 120.270 1976.362 2.514902 1947-48 100.0 2.8 38.9 58.3

1949-50 5.437,044 155,848 2,165989 3,115,507 1949-50 100.0 2.9 39.8 87.3

1961 -52 6,423,818 227,711 2,478,506 3.717,607 951-52 100.0 3.5 38.8 57.8

1953-54 7968.852 365.237 2844.103 4.587,512 1963 -54 100.0 4.5 37.4 58.1 1955-58 9888977 441.442 3,828,888 5,416,350 1955-58 100.0 4.8 39.5 55.9

1987-58 12,181,513 486,484 4,800,368 8.894981 1957-59 100.0 4.0 399 58.8

1959-80 14,7413,1318 651,639 5,768,047 8128,932 1959-80 100.0 4.4 39.1 58.8

1981-82 17927,707 760,975 8189,190 9,977,542 1981-82 100.0 4.3 38.7 58.9

1983 -64 20,644,182 896,966 8978914 11,669,213 19133-84 100.0 4.4 39.3 56.3

1906 -66 gowns 1998,954 9,920,219 13,439,088 1965-68 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.0

1967-68 31,903,064 2,806,469 12,275.538 18,821.083 1967-68 100.0 8.8 38.8 52.7

1989 -70 . 40.266923 3,219957 18.062,776 20984.589 1969- 70.... . 100.0 8.0 39.9 52.1 1971-72 50,003945 4,487,969 19,133,255 28.402.420 1971-72 100,0 8.9 38.3 52.8

1972-73 52,117,930 4,825,000 20,843,820 26,749,412 1972-73 100.0 8.7 40.0 51.3

I Includes a relativsly minor amount from other sources (gifts. 1n1110n, and

tronsportallon fees from patrons), which accounted for 0.4 percent of total

revenue receipts in 1967 -68.

NOTE.- Beginning In 1959-60, includes Alaska and Harrell. Because of rounding,

details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.8. Deportment of Health, Education, and INalfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Statistic: of Mate School Symms; and expenditure, and

Revenues for Public Momentary and Secondary Education, 1972-73.

Table 72.-Results of public school bond elections: United States. 1957-138 to 1972-73

Fiscal year

Number of election Percent

approved

based on

number

Par value of Issues voted on

(in millions/

i Percent

approved

based on

dollar value

- Total Approved Total Approved

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1967-68 (I) (I) (I) $1,542 $1,123 72.8

1958 -59. ' (I) (I) (I) 1,801 1,433 79.6

1959-60 .W . ... . (I) ( I ) (1) 2,672 1,792 67.1

1980-61 I I 1 ( I ) (I ) 1,605 1,218 75.9

1961-62 1,432 1,034 72.2 1.849 1,273 68.9

1962-63 2,048 1,482 72.4 2,659 1,851 69.6

1963-64 2,071 1,501 72.5 2,672 1,900 71.1

1964-65 2,041 1,525 74.7 3,129 2.485 79.4

1965-66 1,745 1,266 72.5 3,660 2,652 74.5

1986-67 1,625 1,082 66.6 3,063 2,119 69.2

1967 -68 1,760 1,183 87.6 3.740 2,338 82.5

1968-69 1,341 782 562 3,913 1,707 43.6

1989 -70 1,216 647 63.2 3,285 1,627 49.5

1970-71 . . . . . 1,086 507 48.7 3,337 1,381 41.4

1971-72 1,163 542 47.0 3,102 1,365 44.0

1972-73 1,273 719 66.5 3,988 2,266 58.6

I Data not available.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Bond Sales for Public School Purposes, 1972- 7.7.

60 1
Table 73. - Estimated expenditures for public elementary and semndery education, by purpose and by State: 1973 -74

(In thousands of dollars]

State or other area

Current expenditures

Capital

outlay

Interest on

NNW debt Toter

expenlitures Total

Public

elementary

and secondary

whacks

Other

progrems2

1 1

2 3 4 5 8 7 United 8tetes3 558,031.041 848,084,773 $413.988,775 82,127,998 35,259.330 91.888.938

Alabama 575,352 521,282 518,888 2.388 52,000 2,100

Alaska 189,8813 130.181 125.419 4,7132 32.000 7.705

Arizona 1382.828 530,922 530,922 141 116,888 15,018

Arkansas 378,622 321.584 317.038 4,548 47,297 9,741

California 8,714739 4082.314 5,128.438 935.878 454.101 194.324

Colorado 888.545 577,545 572.548 5,000 90.000 18.000

Connecticut 848.270 801,270 5796.770 5,500 25,000 22.000 Delaware 218.080 172,070 6189,870 2,200 35,000 8.990

District of Columbia 232.080 194,820 187,302 7,318 37,460 -

Florida 1,1301,452 1,483,012 51,478,879 74,133 287.488 30,982

Georgia 978,882 873,188 857,188 16,000 70,129 33,345

Hawaii 237,149 209.528 202,641 8,985 28,484 1,139

Idaho 188,842 148,642 148,500 142 14.600 3,500

Illinois 3.048,470 2,841,970 2,843,061 98,919 328,000 78.500

Indiana 1,275,847 1,056,987 1,035,105 20,882 173.844 48,236 WWII 763,620 888.000 888.000 - 80,120 15,500 Kansas 482.025 451,311 449,925 1.388 21,538 9,178

Kentucky 543,500 477,000 474,000 3,000 46,000 21,800

Loubiana 846,000 758,000 753,000 2,000 87,800 23,500

Maine 245.500 219,000 212,000 7.000 20,000 6,600

Maryland 1,326,851 978,990 963.950 13,040 310,1321 39.040 Massachusetts 1,813.385 1,347,000 1,328,000 21.000 105,395 80,980

Michigan 2,893,526 2,505,126 2,480,128 46,000 290,000 98,400

Minnesota 1.321.197 1,181,288 1,098,177 82,991 108874 51,065

Mississippi . 464,159 419,459 381,659 37,800 30.000 4,700

Missouri 997,193 889,188 871,996 17,190 83.752 24.265

Montana 201.000 191,000 191,000 - 6,800 3,200 Nebraska . 388,278 320,721 319,104 1,617 37,185 8,370 Nevada 182.100 131,600 129,000 2,800 23,000 7,500

New Hampshire 185,083 143,488 142,843 543 18,919 5.878

New Jersey 2,195,700 1,948,000 1,910,000 38,000 175.000 7:,700

New Mexico 323,209 286,268 284,501 1.767 53,917 3,034

New York . 8,555,700 5,848,800 5,820,800 228.000 500.000 206900

North Carolina 1.183,044 1,079,544 958,195 121,349 70,000 13,500

North Dakota 149.500 129,000 128,000 3,000 17,500 3,000

Ohio 2,457.000 2,216,000 2,200,000 16.000 180,000 82,000

Oklahoma 515,000 488.000 485.000 3.000 40,000 8.000

Oregon 801.109 546.434 544.980 1,474 44.582 10,093

Pennsylvania 3.381,440 2.887940 2,709,140 158,1300 310,500 1133,000

Hhode island 231.541 217.435 218.472 983 13,108 7,000

South Carolina 873,303 500,431 493,107 7.324 60.383 12.509

South Dakota 164,200 142,350 140,350 2.000 10,000 1,850

Tennessee 748,859 877,059 884,759 12,300 44.600 27,300

Texts 2.548,378 2,128,745 2,037.746 88.000 308,348 114,285

Lb 292,900 241,200 235.000 8.200 47.000 4,700

Vermont 132,141 112,120 111,989 151 15,987 4,034

Virginia 1.172,000 1.011,500 988,500 23.000 125.500 35,000

Washington 896,377 778,057 708,057 70.000 94000 28,320

West Virginia 383.801 335,692 331,882 4,010 25,000 3.109

Wisconsin . 1,217.859 1.095,350 1,081,732 13.618 88,358 34,153

Wyoming 104,186 98,649 99,495 184 4,008 1,509

Outlying areas:

American Samosa 8,085 5,542 5,190 352 523 - Canal 2one . 18.484 t7,578 15,728 1.950 788

Guam 32.787 32.787 22,939 9,848 - Puerto Ricca 319,042 299.431 299,010 421 19,811 - Virgin Islands 30,284 30.284 29.808 676 -

..._. -

Includes value of commodities donated by tne U.S. Department of Agriculture,

except as indicated by footnote 6.

2 Includes expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community services

(such as public libraries operated by school districts, expenditures for nonpublic

schools where authorized by law. community centers. recreational activities,

and community colleges and technical entitutions under the lurisdlction of

local boards of education).

' Includes estimates for nonieporting States.

4 Data not available.

Data inc',Atis expenditures for summit school.

61

6 Does not include the value of commodities donated by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture.

7 Does not include luninr colleges.

Date for 1972-73.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Weller% National Center

for Education Statistics, Seinisnes of Pub& Ekmentory and Secondary Day

Schoolt, Fall 3973.
Table 74. -Summary of expenditures for public &mentor/ and wooden, education, by purpose end by State: 1971 -72

1ln thousands of dollars'

Stem

or °Merano

Tool

intend'.

turn. dl

stools

Current exisellturs for fultims elarrantery and secondary day 'shook

Other

programs

Capital ethyl

'newest on shoe die

, Total

Admine

aeon' Instruction

Ogetin Ion

of plant

Melee.

ems

of plant

Pled

chanin

Other school service

1 2 3 4 8

' a 7 8 cs 10 11 12 Used States 848350283 841517.781 111.875.504 $28,148,306 723,145,231 7111,179,540 84398,404 83,372.790 8395215 114,403549 91,378,238

Aherne 563.637 500.513 18.793 320,642 21,720 10,337 52,718 478.402 (41 47,193 5,931 Alaska 168.010 129.519 7364 88,847 9.482 5.005 9,392 9.730 528 31,742 4.223 Arizona 477.159 371,615 18,889 262.673 28,595 10.587 17,359 33,812 94311 10,933 Aeneas 311 ,518 273,130 17.157 169.952 17,728 8,934 23,898 37.482 1.107 28835 8,646 Califcsnie 4.948,256 4,445,041 224,547 3,108364 318,157 144.237 442,303 2013933 87,811 330,601 102,898

Colorado 579,486 480,878 20.204 335450 34,891 13 ,510 43,544 33,479 4,767 79,679 14,182 Connecticut 779,889 717,551 25952 503,753 773,891 17) 81450 47904 5494 39,499 17,425 Delman 181.710 135,582 8,252 87.431 11,851 3.234 12,570 12243 2,186 36,636 7,407 District*, Columbia 185,612 163.553 5388 108,448 15,269 5.475 9,823 18.479 382 21,877 Florida 1,370,638 1.178.382 48,937 832,300 80,115 38,828 94,845 82,657 2.728 168.126 28.275

Georgia 961328 709,404 35,199 461,671 47.372 21,648 68.396 85.217 7,212 122,928 21.484 Havel 207,219 175,897 12,585 121,171 5.323 7,752 14.727 14,370 ... 29.979 1,342 Idaho 139,184 122.699 7,217 80,585 9,720 3.101 12,851 9,525 13,845 2.820 Illinois 2304,814 2,296,916 114,088 1850,019 217,022 55,288 187.270 172,879 16,743 331,843 59.112 Indians 1256.781 983,085 28819 865.841 87,970 25,898 94,453 79,407 17,008 213,970 43,708

laws 706,932 620.170 43939 403,752 770,275 171 48,607 54,697 3,028 68,893 15,042 Kew 429.385 402.905 19,018 276,834 33,966 11.034 29.203 32,851 480 19,402 8,597 Kentucky 505,111 454,576 16,384 317,917 28,683 9.590 29,197 52.1305 680 32,766 17.188 Loubisne 764,370 875.082 39.771 430,915 38.248 19,830 42,210 104,091 4,523 62,628 22.157 Maine 213,055 192,253 8,433 130.740 14931 4,565 13,803 19,780 5,045 10,338 8449

Maryland 1,102,048 907381 30,387 813.273 78,747 23,703 84,317 71536 5,626 148,456 41,006 Mossehusetts 1,298,591 1.131,709 39,488 808.570 119,394 33,063 59.572 73,821 8,317 123,824 32942 Michhen

Minna=

2,1335329 2234,112 105,328 1,477,705 197,174 54,444 285.213 114,256 23,712 272,288 105,219

Menke 1.169316 960946 35,552 844.0913 83,290 17,441 92.085 88,501 18,389 141,541 50.759 354.286 33'378 15,015 211,422 18322 9,264 22.503 80,097 ON 20,845 4,206

kliamari 904,519 771 390 31,149 538,429 56.800 28,232 58,938 69,842 18,765 86,497 20368 Montana 152,913 146,328 8,288 93.837 11,354 4852 13,535 lama 4.249 3,336 Nebraska 324,276 288,804 18837 195.306 21,917 9,284 21,040 22,739 1,472 26389 9,112 feeds 142519 110,819 4.183 78869 9,380 3,720 7,814 7,205 210 24,599 8,991 New Hampdlint 151537 130.191 5,547 91379 9,871 2,846 8.479 12.389 311 16,687 4,548

New ern 2,018779 1,740,442 73,005 1,155301 134,270 51,882 187,629 138,254 8,010 205,683 83,783 New Mexico 246.143 214,798 8,684 145.147 14,180 6,891 18.899 21.215 8208 20,382 2,765

North emoting

New York 5,654,600 5.140517 215.308 3,311,287 74313,049 171 715,691 460.513 51,687 273347 188.155 885396 803312 31339 543306 39,128 25.438 79,912 83,490 967 89,257 12,849 North Dakota 129,449 115,381 8,682 72,717 9.288 2.237 8,723 15,724 131 11,264 2,702

Ohio 2.158499 1,921.109 82,890 1,358.566 173394 43,774 248.762 113,232 10,685 173,612 53,793 Oklahoma 468,444 422.5.7 19511 273,605 30,724 23334 35,103 39,690 1.284 37.152 7,232 Oregon 839,175 489904 37,304 317.461 37,883 18,242 43,993 35,221 698 38,384 10.189 Pennsylvania 2,814,380 2360.334 104.797 1,528589 7265,616 171 280,846 200406 39,397 293,635 121394 Rhoda Mend 200,206 181,873 8.248 123.027 14,309 3,899 17,780 14,709 409 11.495 8329

South Caroline 484,315 424243 17,305 279,194 23,145 11,409 42,815 60,375 5,375 44,610 10,0136 South Dakota 141.358 129329 6570 84909 9,388 3.170 8,737 15,856 598 9,878 1,863 Teepee 680,694 568,871 25.527 382 ,838 38.787 14.268 51,057 58,213 7,647 78,243 25,535 Texas 2,349,185 1,963,888 99,025 1,447,106 7185,599 171 90.838 141,519 7,437 287,209 90,552 Utah 249543 213,274 10,150 141,790 15,190 7,392 non 113588 7.471 24,856 4341

Vermont 126,703 102,788 U.445 87.783 8,394 2,705 7,390 10,090 58 19,382 3.476 WW1 1,038,989 874,423 27,384 604,328 57,687 31,870 77,528 75,647 8,433 125,069 31,085 endemism 878,955 765,420 38.681 522,512 60,214 22,749 68,321 04.703 2,224 78324 33,887 West Vingnis 339938 308,887 11.530 187.421 19,690 10,035 41449 38,843 5.425 22,707 2,939 INhconsin

Wymnim

1,084393 957.608 34,148 633,532 78,980 29,499 109579 73.488 9.469 83,000 34317 91,377 85,799 5,048 58369 6,062 2.680 6.796 8,355 406 3,794 1,379 ar °Whin, ems

American Sums 5388 5.412 1,021 3.269 184 eo 220 827 134 440 ... Canal lone 15,913 15.081 757 10,827 1,173 1,008 1,311 208 706 124 ... Guam 213.284 24,373 2,545 18,348 540 34 316 2.592 17 904 ... Puerto Rico 348,499 329.134 20,799 215,997 16459 3,023 24,784 48372 421 18,944 ... 'roust 'renew 9,275 9,083 880 66,173 171 171 171 171 212 ... ... Virgin lends 24,675 23,832 1,543 14,112 1,784 989 2,010 3,415 843 ... ...

Include expenditures for administration et all !seals.

2 Inches expandlage by school building autherities.

Include atimeme for the 6 Status that we wises to differentiate between

weendllres lot cessation and for maintenance of plant. 7 Gee for "other progienr included with "other school owykes"

ExPendltures for maintenance of plant are included with operation 0104111.

7 Includes espentlitunla for operation and maintenance of plant, fixed *huge, and other school service.

7 Dal ere Included under instruction.

NOTE.-Bassue of round*/ details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of liedth. Education, and Wangle. National Cent for Education Meddles. Ssethrice teem Ballot theme 1971-72.

62 76
- Table 75. -Summary of ommoditierm for publk liernmttsry ant serombry blutotion, by purpOun United Iltstos. 1910 -20 to 1971 -72

_ .. _ -

Pthouse of expenditure

Total eatheridttunth

lehools Current expenditures. all schools

Public elernhnesy afel

mcondely Almelo Admunsumion . . . 1111111411011 . Plant opethion . Plant maintenance . fixed charoes . ...... Oilier Elmo, senthes1 . Sun/nth schools Aduh education3 . Convnunity wimps .

Community terrines .. Capital oullay4

Interest Total sainndtheth. schools Cumin exoenchtum. all schools . Public aleinamary and

secondary schools Administration

instrucuon

them opium . Plant meintenunth .. Fixed chews Other school anneal Summer schools Adult education3 Corravunity consols

Comnsunny unman

......

[1919 20

2

81.035.151 684,395

881.120 3,752

832.586

115.107 30.432 9.285

36.387

131 3,277

13/ 11/ 153.643 18.212

1003

83.4

83.1 3.5 910

1 I 2 3.9

.9

3.5

13/ .3

1Si 11/ OWN MOW

Inuthet 14.8

School vw .....

1928 30

3

61.316.790

1.851377 1343.562

78,880

1,317,727

210,073 78.810 50,270 104993

131 9,825

12) 111 370.878 92.538

100.0

80.0

79.6 3.4

58.9 9.3

3.4

2.2 4.4

12) .4

13) 11/ 1.8

18.0 4.0

1939 -40 1819 -50 6

1959- 60 8 1961-83 1983-64

8 1985-68

9 1987-6810 1903- 70

11 1971-77

12 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS

82.344349 05.637.643 016,613,386 1111.334390, 826848.016 1132,977.1113 SOMAS 648.080333

1.955.166 4.721288 1236).955

1,818.373.328 14.923.363 17,645,973 21.701384 27243,581 84.853.578 42.213093

1341.199 4687,374 12229,399 14.739.770 17211446 71.053.380 28871187 34217,773 41817,787

91,671 271050 539.408 648.372 744,770 937.308 1249.028 1.605846 1875.504

1.033285 3,113,340 8,350.738 10.016,280 11150.489 14346.484 16,375 782 23370.158 28.148.308

194.365 427,587 1.0135.036 5.283.005 1345345 1262.745 7374.838 3,537257 3.145.231

73.321 714.184 422.586 477.348 539.186 623381 789.760 974.941 1.1 79.540 50.116 261.039 909.323 1.071278 1.343384 4700955 2,388,288 3.266,920 4.095,504

129.141 461,583 1.033.297 1,325.900 294393 1.582858 1399389 3361316 3,373.790

131 13,367

131 353)4

13,283

28,858

21.328 29,52828,994 70.310

129,574 106894

151,884

106.481 128.778 90364

131 13/ 34.492 71.252 245.433 301,145 389 138,513

111 11/ to.953 71 .079 78239 155.575 213980.592 361,731 304,766

357.974 1,014176 2.881,788 2.882.153 2$77.978 3.754,883 4,215.791 4,859.072 4.460.880

130,900 100.578 039.514 587.823 701.044 791,580 977310 1,171783 1278335 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

100.0 100.0 100A 1003 100.0 1000 100A 100.0

83.4 80.9 79.8 81.3 82.7 82.7 134.1 p. 817 879

828 80.3 79.0 80.3 80.7 80.3 81.5 84.1 87A

3.9 38 3.4 3.6 33 3.8 3.8 39 39

593 53.3 53.5 64.6 55.1 550 55.7 57.3 583

8.3 7.3 6.9 70 63 9.7 6.3 62 63

3.1 3.7 3.7 33 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

3.1 4.5 6.8 5.9 63 6.5 72 8.0 03

5.5 7.7 6.6 63 8.5 93 6.1 6.3 7A

13/ 12/ .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 .3 .7

.2 .2 .4 .6 .5 .3 13/ 121 13) .2 .4 1.2 1.1 1.3 .3 13/ 111 II) .4 .4 .4 .7 .8

11.0 17.4 17.0 15.8 14A 14.3 129 11.5 9.3 17 3.1 32 31 3.0 3A 3.9 7.9 1 Aim to 1959-80. luny included under "ocher school senior mere fitted

under "suaskary unvicth." a more commehensem cleenticanon which also

includsd communPy sannthe. 1 Pflet to 1959. 60. data shown for aduft education regiment combined

expenchumn lot adult education. summer schools. and community colIeose. 3 Date 001 0010b10. *Plias 10 1966- 68. excludes ague outlay by Sung and local mhoolhausim

anhosities

NOTE. -Baptising In 1959-61 Includes Alaska and Health Because of rounding.

Mulls trey not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Wilkie. Notional Center

for Edmiston St/0Mb% thatesha of State &WO System
Table 78. - Personal income, 1973, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1879 -74

State

Personal Income

Tots) expenditures for

Public elementary end

secondary educationt

Current expenditures for

nubile elementary and

secondary des schools

Total

lin millions) Per capita

Amount

(in thousands)

As 8 percent

of personal

Income

Amount

(in thousands)

Asa percent

of personal

Income

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 United States $1,067,825 $5241 $56,031.041 5.30 $48,050,775 4,44

Alabama 13,700 3.871 575,352 4.20 518,888 179 Alaska 1,968 5,933 189,886 8.88 126,419 6.41 Arlon 9.60 4.892 662,828 6.87 830,922 5.60 Arkansas 8,050 3,952 378,622 4.70 317,038 3.94 California 113,745 5,521 8,710,739 5.90 8,128,438 4.51

Colorado 12,258 5,029 885,545 6.59 572,545 4.67 Connecticut 18,285 5,938 848,270 4.64 795,770 4.38 Delaware 3,328 5,778 216,060 6.49 169.870 8.10 District of Cotumbis 4,728 8,337 232,080 4.91 187,302 3.96 Florida 37,799 4,923 1,901.452 4.77 1,478,879 3.91 Georgia 21,032 4,395 978,682 4.84 857,188 4.08 lfetvafl 4,582 5.541 237.149 5.18 202,541 4.42 Idaho 3,398 4,413 168,842 4.90 148,500 4.37 Illinois 84,833 5,770 3,048,470 4.70 2,543,051 3.92 Indiana 28,510 4.997 1.275.647 4.81 1,035,105 3.90

Iowa 15,314 5,273 783,620 4.99 868,000 4.38 Kansas 12,088 5,304 482.025 3.99 449,925 3.72 Kentucky 13,478 4,033 543,600 4.03 474,000 3.82 Louisiana 14,795 3,931 846.000 8.72 753,000 5.09 Maine 4,196 4.082 245,500 5.85 212,000 5.06

Maryland 22,339 5,489 1,325,851 5.94 963,950 4.32 Mauschusetts 30,681 5.263 1.513,388 4.95 1.328200 4.34 Michigan 50,201 6.551 2,893,625 5,78 2,460,126 4.90 Minnesota 20,019 5,137 1.321.197 6.60 1,098,277 5.49 Mississippi 8,112 3,558 454,189 5.60 381,669 4.70

Missouri 23.031 4,841 997,193 4.33 871,998 3.79 Montana 3,378 4,882 201,000 525 191,000 5.88 Nebraska 8,127 5,271 386,276 4.51 319,104 3.93 Nevada 3.148 5,745 182,100 6.15 129.000 4.10 New Hampshire 3.713 4,894 165,083 4.45 142,843 3.85

New Jersey 43,028 6.845 1195,7013 5.10 1,910,000 4.44 NOW Mexico 4,282 3,853 323,209 7.58 264,601 6.21 New York 104,198 5,705 8,665.700 929 5,820,800 5.39 North Carolina 22,577 4.282 1,183,044 5.15 958,195 4.24 North Dakota 3,845 5,895 149.500 4.10 128,000 3.48

Ohio 54A74 5,078 2.457,000 4.51 2,200,000 4.04 Oklahoma 11,658 4,340 518,000 4.48 465.000 4.02

0609011 10,753 4,833 001.109 5.59 544,960 5.07 Pennsylvania 59,427 4,993 3,361,440 5.66 2,709,140 4.66 Rhode Island 4,710 4,841 237,541 5.04 2113,472 420

South Carolina 10,5132 3,882 973,303 5.42 493,107 4.66 South Dakota 3,229 4,713 154.200 4.78 140,350 4.35

Tennessee 16.897 4,095 748859 4.43 6364,759 3.93

Texas 53.912 4,571 2.5413/8 4.73 2,037,745 3.78 Utah 4.711 4,072 292,900 6.22 235,000 4.99

Vermont 1.881 4,054 132,141 7.03 111,989 5.95 Virginia 23,606 4,8813 1,171000 4.99 988,500 421

Washington 17,674 5.164 896,377 5.07 7013,057 4.01 West Virginia 7,107 3,961 3133.801 5.12 331,882 4.87

Whconsin 21.703 4,750 1,217.859 5.61 1,081,732 4.98 Wyoming 1,857 4,695 104,186 6.29 98,496 5.94

I Includes current expenditures. capital outlay, and Interest. SOURCES. (II U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Wallace, National

Center for Ethcation Statistics. Statistics of Pubic Elementary and Secondary

NOTE. - Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Day Schools. Pall 197.i. 121 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic

Analysis, Survey of Current Business, August 1974.

64 78
Public School Expenditures Compared with

Personal Income

Current expenditures for public elementary and

secondary day schools in the United States totaled

about $47.0 billion during the school year 1973-74.

Total personal income during the calendar year 1973

amounted to $1,057.8 billion. A comparison of these

figures reveals that the operating budgets of public

schools accounted for 4.44 percent of the Nation's

personal income.

As the accompanying chart and table 76 indicate,

there are substantial differences among the States in

the proportion of personal income that went for

public education. Thirteen States and the District of

Columbia spent less than 4.0 percent of their personal

income for public schools. Fifteen States spent

between 4.0 and 4.49 percent; 10 States, between

4.50 and 4.99 percent; 6 States, between 5.0 and

5.49 percent; and 6 States, 5.50 percent or more. In

each case the percentages are based upon the current

operating expenditures for public elementary and

secondary day schools. Expenditures for other school

programs, capital outlay, and interest payments on

school debt are excluded from the computations.

Comparing public school expenditures with

personal income is one way of assessing the effort

State and local governments are making to support

public education within a State. However, it should

be pointed out that the amount of assistance the

public schools receive from the Federal Government

varies widely from State to State. In 1971-72, for

example, the percent of revenue receipts from the

Federal Government ranged all the way from

4.0 percent in one State (Ohio) to 27.8 percent in

another (Mississippi). In general, the States that

receive large amounts of Federal funds are those with

relatively low personal incomes per capita and those

with numerous Federal installations within their

borders.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist In educational statistics

Figure 10. Estimated current expenditures for public elementary and

secondary day schools, 1973-74, as a percent of personal

income in 1973, by State

IMO less than 4.0%

CD 4.0 to 4.49%

NMI 4.50 to 4.99%

79

65

5.0 to 5.49%

530% or more

United States 4.44 percent
labia 77.- Estimated expenditure per pupil In average daily

attendance In public elementary end secondary

day schools, by State: 1973-74

State or

COW OM

Expenditure per pupil Total 1 Cu rrent2 Coke,

outlay

Interest on

school debt 1 2 3 4

United Metes $1,281 $1.116 11125 $40

Alabama 790 718 72 3 Alaska 2,102 1,07 407 98

Arizona 1,439 1,153 284 33

Arkansas 912 773 116 24

California. 1,318 1,170 104 44

Colorado 1,278 1,075 169 34

Conntericut 1,359 1,283 40 35 admen 1.747 1,388 288 73

District of Columbia 1,927 1,523 305

FlorkkA 1,030 885 124 21 Georgia 974 889 71 34

Hawaii 1,391 1,224 180 7

Idaho 942 $40 82 20

Illinois 1.425 1,228 158 38

Indians 1,152 950 168 42

lows 1,273 1,113 134 28 Kansas 1,114 1043 so 21 Kentucky 829 727 33 MAW* 1,086 978 $8 31 Maine 1.033 918 87 28 Maryland 1,691 1,188 376 47 Massachusetts 1,279 1,138 90 82 Mahlon 1,469 ago 148 50

Minnesota lASO 1,288 126 89

Mississippi 858 787 62 10

Missouri 1,082 963 92 27

Montana 1,248 1,188 42 20

Nebraska 1,188 1,040 121 27 Nevada 1,278 1 A32 184 60

New Holopshke 1,038 900 100 38

New Jersey 1,588 12 127 53 New PAexleo4 1220 1,08504 206 12 New York 2,037 1.609 161 87

North Carolina 978 900 13 North Dakota 1,101 947 132 23

Ohio 1.120 1,009 83 28

Oklahoma 921 835 72 14 Oregon 1,341 1,219 100 23

Pennsylualsb 1,474 1,247 143 84

Rhode Island 1.415 1,295 78 42

South Caroline 983 858 106 22 South Dakota 1.011 932 68 12 Tennessee 841 789 81 31 Texas 977 809 122 48

Utah 998 818 163 18

Vermont 1.309 1,109 138 40

Virginia 1,142 983 126 35

Washington 1,136 974 124 39

West Virginia 945 871 66 8

Wisconsin 1,335 1,200 es 38

Wyoming 1,301 1,232 so 19

OtitiVini amass

American Sun& 719 683 es asS Canal Zone 1,641 1,487 73 e Guam 908 908 Ose Puerto Ric o3 483 483 30

Virgin islands 1,387 1,387

1 includes current expenditures for day schools, coital outlay, and interest on

school debt.

2 includes expenditures for day schools only: excludes adult education, summit

schools, community collages, and community maces.

4 Estimates for 1972-73.

4 61411411wrimpil expenditures for kindergarten pupg..

NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Seatiellet of Public Elementary and Secondary Day

Schools, Fah 1973; and unpublished data.

6

so
Table 78. -Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary schools;

United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74

School year

Unadjusted dollars

Adjusted dollars

11973-74

purchasing wadi

rod: Curtent3 Total2 Current3

2 3 4 6

1929- 30 $106 $87 $294 $237

1931 -32 97 81 314 282 1933- 34 78 67 268 238

1935-38 88 74 299 281 1937-38 100 84 328 274 1939. 40 108 88 354 294 1941.42 110 98 329 293

1943 44 125 117 335 314 1045- 46 146 138 371 348 1947-48 203 179 408 358 1949- 50 259 209 610 412 1951-52 313 244 555 433

1963-E4 351 285 609 480

1955- 461 388 294 873 510

1957-58 449 341 733 557 1959-80 472 375 749 595

1981 -62 630 419 822 660

1963-64 559 460 845 696

1985-66 854 537 966 785 1987-89 788 858 1,078 902

1969 -70 955 8113 1.180 1.008 1971-72 1,128 990 1.279 1.122 1973 -744 1.281 1,116 1.281 1,118

I Owed on the Consumer Peke Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statialcs,

U.S. Department of Labor.

Include current apenditunt for day schools. capital outlay, and interest on

school debt.

inclirke dm school experditures only: excludes current expenditures for other

program. 4 Estimated. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Width, Education. end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Stethacs of State School Systems: for 1973-74

estimate. Satisfies of Public Elementary and Secondary Jay &Rooth Pall 1973.

571-602 0 - 75 8

Table 79.- Expenditures of Federal. State. and focal funds

for vocational education; United States

and outlying arms. 1920 to 1973

lln thousands of dollars]

F Wel year Total Federal State Local 1 2 3 4 5

1920 88.635 $2.477 $2,670 $3,388

1930 29.909 7,404 8,233 14,272

1940 55.081 20,004 11,737 23,340

1942 59,023 20.758 14.045 24.220

1944 84,299 19.958 15.018 29,325

1946 72,807 20.628 18,538 33,841 1948 103.339 28.200 25,834 51.305

1950 128,717 26,823 40.834 61.561

1952 146,465 26,853 47,818 72.784

1954 151.289 25,419 54.650 71,320

1956 175)388 33.180 81.821 80,884

1988 209.748 38.733 72,306 98.710

1980 238,812 45,313 82.465 111,033

1982 283,948 51,438 101,284 128,246

1984 332,785 55,027 124,975 152,784

1966 799,896 233,794 216.08E 349.518

1968 1,192883 032.384 400.382 530.117

1970 1,841,848 300.046 (I) 11,541.801 1972 2.580.759 488,029 II) 12,194.730

1973 3.033,859 482,259 II) 12,551,400

Stets funds are included with local funds In column 5.

NOTE.-Becauve of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: II) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of

Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Edureffen. 121 Unpublished date.
Table 80.Expenditures of Federal. State. end local funds

for vocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1973

In thousands of done's!

State Of other ern

Expenditures by source

Total 1 Federal Suite and

local 1 United States and

oudWng asses 53,033.859 $483.299 51.581.400

Alabama 37.906 10,289 27,817

Alaska 8.255 948 5.309

Arizona 21.773 4.793 18,980

Arkansas 16,962 5.213 11.749

California 278.170 37.603 238.587

Colorado 33.631 5,578 28,053

Connecticut 43.296 6.716 37.680

Delaware 9,815 1.483 8,352

District of Columbia 4.629 2,092 2,537

Florida 128,936 14.749 114,187

Georgie 48.025 12,448 35.679

Hawaii 8.088 2,101 5.985

Idaho 7,897 2.243 5.654

Illinois 209.709 20,579 189,130

Indiana 34,929 11.052 23,877

Iowa 43.674 7.477 36,197 Kansas 21,341 5,261 16.080

Kentucky 32.738 8,872 23.888

Louisiana 38.347 11,195 27.152

Maine 17,107 3,076 14,031

Maryland 73282 8,839 84.843 Massachusetts 145,388 12.685 132.803

Michigan 75229 19.902 55.327

Minnesota 84.789 8 873 76.216

Mississippi 26,681 6,161 20,600

Missouri 48,175 11,950 38.225

Montane 8.785 2.137 8.828 Nebraska 15.001 3.927 11.074 Nevada 4,515 1,267 3,248

New Herninhire 8.829 2.383 8.286

New Jersey 82.274 12,471 49,803

New Mexico 15.310 3.019 12,291

New York 376.329 33,811 342,718

North Carolina 113,315 18.171 97,144

North Dakota 8.643 2,004 4,639

Ohb 146,708 23,821 128.187

Oklahoma 29.501 6,866 22,835

Oregon 53.438 4,874 48,782

Pennsylvania 189,148 24.145 145,001

Rhode Island 10.142 2,778 7,366

South Carolina 24.088 8,072 18,018

South Dakota 5,9119 1,956 4,013

Tennessee 45,868 10,904 34.962

Texas 150,660 33.489 117.171 Utah 21,820 3,039 18,681

Vermont 9.188 1,385 7,803

Virginia 50,802 11,505 39,297

Washington 88,877 7,324 61,353

West Virginia 17,678 5.323 12,356

Wisconsin 84,686 10,205 74,481

Wyoming 5,189 1.156 4,033

Outlying was:

American Samoa 0 0 0

Guam 1.471 298 1.176

Puerto Rico 29,602 8,068 21,534

Trust Territory of the

Pacific Islands 1,719 251 1,488

Virgin Islands 0 0 0

I Amounts Sr. Ow sum of columns 3 and 4 and may differ from total amounts

actually reported.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and INelfere. Office of Education, Vocational and Technical Education, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1975.

68 Er
CHAPTER III

Higher Education

Universities and colleges exist in every State in the

Union and in all of the larger and more populous

outlying areas. More than two - fifths of the entire

group of 2,720 institutions are under the control of

State governments or of cities, counties, or other

subdivisions of States. Seven service schools and one

junior college are controlled by the Federal Government. The remaining 56 percent of the institutions

are controlled by religious denominations, professional organizations, or self-perpetuating groups of

public-spirited persons. The publicly controlled

colleges and universities tend to be much larger than

their privately controlled counterparts. Approximately three-fourths of all college students attend

public institutions.

A salient characteristic of higher education in this

country is its diversity. American colleges and

universities offer a wide range and great variety of

programs. For example, a junior college usually offers

only the first 2 years of training at the college level,

but a university normally offers a full undergraduate

course in the liberal arts, graduate work leading to the

doctorate, and courses preparing for entrance into at

least two or three of the learned professions. Between

these two extremes are numerous colleges which

reflect local needs and purposes.

Higher education has become increasingly accessible to all segments of the population. The growth of

public junior colleges and other low-cost public

institutions means that the expenses of the students

attending these institutions can be held to a

minimum. The Basic Educe &mai Opportunity Grant

Program, Guaranteed Student Loan Program, and

other Government programs have also attracted many

students who otherwise would have found it difficult

to finance a college education.

A less optimistic sidelight to higher education is

that most American colleges and universities, faced

with rising costs, have found it necessary to increase

their basic student charges over time. Thus the typical

college student usually finds that his expenses for

tuition, fees, room, and board are higher when he

returns to school in the fall than they were the

prneding year. How to raise fees without losing some

le students they would like to attract is increasina:y a problem for college administrators.

The National Center for Education Statistics

conducts an annual survey of opening fall enrollment

in which it obtains statistics directly from the colleges

and universities on total and first -time students.

Preliminary data are usually available within 3 or 4

months after the opening of the fall term. The

opening fall enrollment survey has been supplemented from time to time by a comprehensive survey

in which more detailed information is requested. In

the comprehensive survey, students are classified not

only by control of institution and by sex but also by

status as resident or extension students and by

full-time or part-time attendance.

Other studies of institutions of higher education

which have been conducted periodically by this office

include surveys of faculty and other professional

staff; faculty salaries; earned degrees conferred;

enrollment for advanced degrees; engineering enrollments and degrees; receipts, expenditures, and

property; basic student charges, including tuition and

fees and room and board rates; and land-grant

institutions. The most recent data from each of these

studies are summarized in the pages which follow.

Some of the tables in this chapter provide totals

for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Others

also include those outlying areasAmerican Samoa,

the Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Trust

Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin

Islandswhich have within their borders ore or more

institutions of higher education. The coveragoof each

table is specified in its title or in the table stilt,.
Table 91. -Total enrollment in institutions of higher educetion. by attendance status. sex of student, control of institution. and Rote: FaN 1973

State or other wee

Total

enrollment

Attendance status *---- Sec of maim Control of institution

Fir II.time Pertame

. Men Women Public j Private

1 2 3 4 6

-.. 8 7 8

United States 9.602223 8.189.493 3.412.630 6.371.033 4231.071 721%516 2.182,007

Alabama 126.829 89.938 38.891 71.361 55.468 110.515 16.314

Alaska 13.224 4.767 8.457 6,025 7.160 11,987 1.237

Anions 138.188 72.431 85.757 79,834 58.654 133,504 4,884

Arkansas 53,872 41,998 11,878 29,918 23.754 44.781 8.891

California 1.489.144 719.594 749.550 825.092 644.063 1.323,013 148.131 Colorado 131.893 94.398 37,595 74.240 57,763 117,978 14.015

Connecticut 135.911 86,331 50.880 73.607 62204 83,509 52,402 Denham 28,888 18,384 10.524 15,433 13,455 24,807 4,081

District of Cia lumbis 80.324 48,805 33.519 47,987 32.357 14,638 05,9136

Florida 281.104 180.545 100.552 160.608 120.409 234235 40,009

Gargle 148.001 106.392 40.200 803170 65,631 119244 27,357 Hash 42.817 30,933 11.684 23.668 18.981 39.673 3,044

Idaho 36.188 26.410 9.788 20.051 16.147 28.479 6.719

Illinois 497.148 308.662 190.484 272,376 224,771 384220 132.926

Indians 200,124 141,422 58.702 113.118 87.000 145,578 54.548

lova 109.2134 91.133 18.161 82,780 46.504 73,835 35.649 Kansas 108.023 78.530 29,493 60,003 47,080 95204 12219

Kentucky 110.759 78.418 32,343 60.538 50,221 91,885 18,894

Louisiana 135.237 102,637 32.800 75.409 59.828 116.428 19,809 Meine 36.122 27,049 9.073 20.299 15.823 27,297 8225

Maryland 177.268 100.049 77,219 96.119 82.149 144,881 32,407

Masachustas 333.860 232,009 100,041 186355 146.595 139.789 193,081

Michigan 426.259 250.188 178,001 237.785 188.494 374.684 51.675

Minnesota 163.282 119.570 43,712 90.050 72.632 130,894 32.388

litssinippi 82.314 84.783 17,531 43,337 38,977 72,917 9,397

Missouri 193.193 1213.176 64.017 109,910 83283 140,160 83,033

PAgnana 77.317 22.460 4.867 16.692 11,025 24.628 2.889

Napalm 88.034 48.847 17.187 38.732 29,302 82.433 13.001 Nevada 20.044 13,321 6.723 11.754 8.290 19,927 117 New Hampshire 33.389 28,051 5,348 19.553 13,948 19.284 14,135

New Jersey 256,357 149,292 108.066 137.167 118,190 187,688 67,659

New Mexico 48,839 33.716 15.124 28.418 20,421 44.601 4238

New York 903.959 580.291 343.688 482.474 421,486 644,820 359.139

North Car a 201.833 158.101 48.532 115,611 89.122 154,989 49,664

.North Da ...e 29,460 24.413 6.017 18.818 12.642 28.194 1,288

Ohio 396.888 279.610 117.266 227.799 169,087 208250 98.316

Oklaame 125.983 88,098 39.865 74.700 51.283 105.933 20.030

Oregon 122.341 79.838 52.505 73,197 59.144 118.089 14272

Pennsylvania 440.866 308.794 133.872 250.178 190290 281,601 179.165

Rhode Island 55.122 34,391 20.731 31.168 23.954 29,989 25.133

South Caroline 96.496 74.098 22.398 65.363 41.133 73,945 mai

South Dakota 26.530 22,173 4,357 15.092 11.438 20296 6.035

Tonnages 154,893 112.930 41,963 87.147 67.746 117.183 37.740

Teas 503,250 344,998 168.752 294.954 208.798 422,985 80.785

Utah 80.486 62.712 17.753 47,524 32.941 49,987 30.478

Vermont 27.707 22.241 5.466 13,688 14.121 16.157 11.550

Virginia 193.277 124,347 68,930 101,316 91.961 164,987 29.320

Washington 199,478 133.686 85,812 106,814 90.684 178.771 22.707

Wen Virginia 69.201 48.019 20.182 36.878 31.323 57,949 10,252

Wisconsin 721.277 152.679 68.598 125,608 95,689 191.271 30,046

Wyoming 17,922 10.529 7,393 9.874 8.048 17,922 0

U.S. Sehrice Schools 18.573 16.573 0 16.667 6 18,573 0

Outlying NOS -

82.174 67.192 24992 43.112 49.0132 58,991 33,283

Arnericen Samoa 909 408 503 551 358 909 0

Canal Zone 1.832 470 1.162 839 793 1.832 0

Guam 3.430 2.145 1.285 1.830 1,600 3,430 0

Puerto Rico 64.390 6322 20,939 39.202 45.188 51.107 33283

Trust Territory of

the Pacific Islands 115 115 0 90 25 115 0

Virgin Islands 1.698 604 1.094 600 1.098 1.698 0

NOTE. -Tool enrollment includes students whose programs of study are

creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree end also undergraduate students in

2.. or 3isar occupational programs which ere not creditable award a

bachelor's dares.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Wafers. Natrona Center

for Education Statistics. Pall Enrollment in lather Education. 1973.
Table 92.Total and *Mime degrecoredit enrolment In Institutions

of WAN education. by Stem Fall 1973 and fall 1974

State or other wee

1

Total enrollment

1973 19741

Firstiirra students

1973 19741 2 3

Linked States Ak Mame Masks

Arizona

Manses

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delmar°

District of Columbia

Florida

Moro le

Horan

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Mao

Karam

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

hlwahind Messechusetts Michigen

Minnesoto

fAissIssippi

Missouri

Montana

*bake

Nevado New Nommishe

New Away

New Skidoo

New York

North Caroline

Dakota

Ohio

Okla horns

Oregon

Pannsalvenie

Rhode Idand

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tunnels's

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

,moan West WOW'

Wissandn

Wyoming

U.8. Service Schools

Outlying ems.

American Minns

Owl Zone

Cluom

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

8.519.750 8.900.808

4

1.750.(64

118,118

12.550

116,988

51.938

1.157,313

117,995

133,852

28,718

79.428

245,197

138,877

35.884

30.893

424,440

180,600

98,884

102,934

104.433

131,584

.32.822

154,126

339,442

352.028

155418

73,042

180.923

28,277

62.255

15,700

29,888

234.173

47.260

8813.652

1133,024

26.378

353,282

120,827

103.470

407.367

52,853

88.488

25,397

148.361

457.228

71.148

25,770

179,629

156.088

64,338

172,882

15.812

18,573

84,003

123.000

13.900

122.000

54.000

1,209,000

123.000

140,000

29,000

83.001)

259.000

143.000

37,000

32.000

444.000

197.000

101,001)

106A(10

109.000

/34,000

1131,001)

323,000

389.000

1133A00 78,000

169.000

27.000

65.000

16,000

31.000

245,000

49.000

927.000

170AM/

28/303

370000

mow

109A00

428,000

55.000

92.000

27,000

155.900

479AM/

74.001)

27.000

187AM/

183,000

87.000

181.000

17000

17.000

25,683

3,308

23,481

11,603

222.479

23.984

30,517

5,761

10,582

50.767

25,509

7,752

8.800

84,036

38.181

21.540

24.141 20.302

2079

6.579

28.988

63.940

79.990

2E1,752

19,719

36.0130 5,871

12,413

4,768

13.873 49,787

8.408

173.772

37/335

6.383

74.075

24.881

23,121

88,281

11,403

24.607

5,779

28.380

97.998

13.177

6,639

20,606

36.786

13,929

34,071

2.733

4.371

WOO 18,874

909

1,632

2.951 78,932

1,579

1 A00

2,000

3.000

60.000

2,000

343

710

767

18.457

97

5

1.850,000

27A00

3,000

25.000

12.000

235,000

25,000

32.000

.000

118,000

53,000

27,000

8000

9.000

138,000

40.000

23.000

25.000

21.000

28A00

7.000

32.000

67,000

84,000

31

21A.000 00

38,000

6,000

13000

5.000

7,000

52,000

9,000

184,000

40.900

7.000

78.000

28,000

24A00

93,000

12,000

28.000

8,000

30,000

104.900

14000

7,000

31.000

39,000

15,000

38,000

3,000

5.000

19,000

(2)

1.000

1.900

17.000

12)

! Esdrnsted. 3 Prow thin 500 students.

SOURCES: US. Depertsrant of Medd% Education, end Welts% Nadonet Center

for Education Ststistics, Pail Enrollment In Miter Education. 1973: and Notional

Center for Education Statistics stibnite.
Table 83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1973

State Or Other aces

All degree

credit and

iendegree

credit

students

Degree credit students Non.

degree.

credit

Total students

Under

graduate

First

professional

Graduate Unclassified

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 United States 9.602.123 8,819,760 6233,047 218.990 1,123,482 644261 1.082.373

Alebema

- - .-

1283339 118.118 93.170 2.102 12,392 9,854 8.711

Awake 13.224 12.550 9.072 0 1,725 1,753 674

Ansune 138.188 118,985 86.198 1.370 16.953 13,444 21,223

Arkansas ..... 53.672 51,938 45,021 1.200 4.337 1.380 1.734

California 1.469,144 1,157,313 895.698 27.239 148,584 86,784 311,831

Colorado 131.993 117.996 88.054 1.893 16,909 12.339 13.9913 Connecticut ...... . . 136,911 133.652 100,841 2.318 24,889 6,028 2,259

Delayers 28,898 28.718 17.588 0 1,783 7,349 2.170

District of Columbia . . 80,324 79,428 40.681 8.167 17.810 1 2,770 898

Ronde . . . . . . 281.104 245,197 195,693 3,959 19,371 26,174 35.907

Georgia . . 146,801 136,877 106.671 4.606 20808 4.692 9,724

Hewes . . ...... 42,817 35.884 27,931 62 4,066 3,615 8,963

Idaho 35 198 30.893 26.673 286 3.058 896 4.305

Ilimoa . . . . 497,146 424,440 310,033 18,187 62.661 36,659 72,708

indiums . . .......... 2011,124 188.600 142,217 4,662 32,043 9,678 11,524

lows . 109.284 98.884 79,201 3.494 11,110 3,059 12.420 Kansas . 108,023 102.934 82,041 2,321 13,744 4,828 6,089

Kentucky . . 110,759 104.433 84.066 4,522 14.184 1,671 8.328

Louisiana 135,237 131,564 108,057 4.640 15.252 3,716 3,873

..... 38,122 32,822 23,689 292 1,901 8,940 3,300

Maryland 177,268 154,126 109.858 3,87d 21,885 18,527 23,142

N'enachusetts 332,860 309,442 218,587 11,517 80,239 29,129 23.408

Michigan 428.269 352.028 283,593 10.650 50.327 7.468 74,231

Minnesota 183,282 165.418 123.458 4.439 20.552 6,969 7,884

Mississippi 82,314 73,042 82,123 1.229 7,985 1,705 9,272

Missouri . 193,193 180,923 127,880 7,887 23.287 21,869 12,270

Montana 27,317 26.277 23.243 187 1.898 949 1,040

Nebraska 66.034 82,265 51,04t 2,459 6.592 2,163 3.779

Nevada . . ......... . 20.044 16,700 12,160 0 1,896 1,854 4.344

New Hampshire m.398 29.688 24,432 109 2.800 2.347 3,711

New Jersey 255.357 234,173 171425 4,039 38,662 22,157 21,184

New Mexico 48.839 47,260 38,272 584 5,683 4,841 1.679

New York 903.959 888.852 661.266 17,884 139.374 68,349 17.107

North Carolina 201,633 163.024 131.126 4,358 18,594 10,948 41,609

North Dakota 29.460 28.378 22,172 350 1,998 1,880 3.082

Ohio 396.866 353.282 283.748 10.238 43.603 16.695 43,584

Oklahoma 125.963 120,627 98,317 2,477 16,248 4.485 6.436

Oregon 132,341 103,470 78.795 2,878 12,614 11.486 28,871

Pennryiyane 440,868 407.361 298.898 12.823 53.174 42.474 33.299

Rhode bland 66,122 62,863 37,055 139 6,125 9,534 2,269

South Carolina 96.498 88.488 74,999 1.881 10.226 1.382 8.008

South Dakota 26.630 25.3137 21 -795 401 2,139 1,052 1,143 Tennessee 154,893 148,381 117,545 4,653 17,062 9,141 8,512

Texas 503.750 467,228 378.573 12.600 61,724 14,331 46.522

Utah 80.485 71.148 60.739 953 7.179 2,277 9.317

Vermont 27,707 25.770 20,941 301 1,828 2.702 1,937

Virginia 193.277 178,829 109.952 3.599 23.292 41.788 14,848

Washington 199,478 156,066 122,317 2.935 18.234 14.680 43.412

West Virginia 69.201 64,338 49.886 852 9,762 3,837 3885

Wisconsin 221.277 172.882 136,897 3,117 21,300 12.588 48.396

Wyoming 17,922 16,812 9,914 231 1,481 4,206 2,110

U.S. Service Schools 16.573 16.673 14,705 0 1,803 86

Outlying areas 92,174 84.003 72,133 2289 4,488 5,113 8.171

American Samoa

Canal Zone ........ 9013 1,632

909

1,632

909

1,832

0O

0

0

0

0 o

0

Guam 3.430 2.951 2.393 0 549 9 479

Puerto Rico ...... . ...... . . 84,390 78,932 66,749 2,289 3,904 4,010 7.468

Trust Territory of the

Pacific Islands 116 0 0 0 0 0 115

Virgin brands 1,898 1.579 450 0 36 1.094 119

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. stational Center

for Education Statistics, PO Enrollment in Higher Education.

72 86
Table 84. - Resident dcypeaceedit enrollment in institutions of Maher education, by State and by place of residence: Fell 1972

State or other area

All students In 41tate students Duval.

Stets students Foreign students

Number Percent Number , Percent Number Percent Number Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6

r 7 8 9

United Stets 7,989232 100.0 6.676,872 83.8 1.141038 14.3 rot 244 1.9

Alphonse '09.389 100.0 95.001 88.9 13,460 12.3 828 .8 Alaska 11,978 100.0 10.791 90.1 1.032 8.8 188 1.3 Arisons 102.858 100.0 85.074 82.7 16.158 157 1,825 1.6 Arkansas 51,300 100.0 44.080 85.9 8.870 13.4 370 .7 California 1.012A39 100.0 988.314 94.1 37,582 3.7 23.143 2.2

Colorado 111.219 100.0 77.714 89 9 31 426 28.3 2,079 1.9 Connecticut 129.033 100.0 107.016 82.9 2thei09 16.1 1.208 .9 Delaware 20.341 100.0 11,281 55.6 8.782 43.1 298 1.5 District of Columbia 72,833 100.0 22,633 31.0 43938 80.5 6.183 8.5 Flotide 224.033 100.0 191.488 85.5 29.132 13.0 3449 1.6 Georgia 134.278 100.0 108,647 80.9 23.741 17.7 1.890 1.4 Haydn 33.539 100.0 29.008 88.5 2.758 8.2 1.773 5.3

Idaho 30.074 100.0 22.484 74.7 7,036 23.4 574 1.9

Illinois 401.098 100.0 358.748 89.2 34A16 8.6 8.838 22

Indiana 189.903 100.0 144975 78.3 42,308 22.3 2.719 1.4

love 97,831 100.0 72972 74.8 23,408 24.0 1,351 1.4 Kansas 100.929 100.0 82981 82.2 18.300 18.1 1988 1.7 Kentucky 98.883 100.0 79295 802 18904 18.8 084 1.0 Louisiana 130.021 100.0 114,578 88.1 13.105 10.1 3.338 18

Maine 30,527 100.0 21.768 71.3 8.489 27.8 280 .9 Maryland 147.742 100.0 120,384 81.6 24.851 163 2.827 1.7 Mauschugetts 277,883 100.0 188,048 67.7 81.841 29.4 7974 2.9

Michigen 339,173 100.0 304912 902 27.199 8.0 6.052 1.8 Minnesota 138.444 100.0 115984 83.8 19,888 142 2.804 2.0

Mississippi 72,865 100.0 86,423 89.8 8912 9.3 630 .9 Missouri 174.721 100.0 139.157 79.8 32,313 18.5 3251 1.9 Montane 25.944 100.0 21.495 82.9 4213 182 238 a

Nebraska 81.301 100.0 49,433 80.6 10974 17.9 894 1.5 Nevada 14,076 100.0 11,405 81.0 1,954 13.9 717 5.1 New Hampshire 27,880 100.0 13,883 4432 14,874 62.7 323 12

New Jersey 218.700 100.0 197,435 90.3 18.343 8.4 2.922 1,3

New Mexico 44.999 100.0 38.364 85.3 5934 132 701 1.6 New York 830.733 100.0 736.758 88.7 742138 9.0 19,809 2.4

North Caroline 161.579 100.0 115,250 78.0 34.482 22.7 1,887 1.2 North Dakota 25.760 100.0 21.495 83.5 3.781 14.7 474 1.8 Ohio 354.737 100.0 298.858 84.3 52.179 14.7 3.690 1.0 Oklahoma 114.930 100.0 0,614 88.7 13,054 11.4 2,282 2.0

Oregon i. 89,314 100.0 71,482 80.5 15,289 17.1 2.183 2.4

Pennsyhonie 383.506 100.0 315,663 82.3 131.588 18.1 8.254 1.8 Rhode Island 39.993 100.0 35.579 64.0 13,210 33.0 1,204 3.0

South Cornball 78,515 100.0 64.600 82.3 13.397 17.1 518 .7 South Dakota 25.626 100.0 19,834 77.4 5,580 21.7 242 .9 Tennessee 141920 100.0 108.086 76.1 31978 22.5 2.008 1.4 Texas 437.796 100.0 391938 89.5 389:0 84 9.228 2.1 Utah 68.389 100.0 43.729 84.0 22.541 33.0 2.100 3.1 Vermont 23.914 100.0 10,903 45.6 12997 53.1 314 1.3 WOMB 145,880 100.0 114915 783 29.793 20.4 1.172 3

Washington 147,663 100.0 129.332 87.8 15.121 102 3.110 2.1 West Virginia 57.278 100.0 41,884 72.7 15903 282 811 1.1 Wisconsin 159.711 100.0 142.383 83.9 24.141 14.2 3.707 1.9 Wyoming 13.469 100.0 10,699 79.5 2,971 18.4 289 2.1 U.S. Service Schools 113999 100.0 731 4.4 15.700 94.1 368 1.5

Outlybes rem 78.818 100.0 73.474 93.5 1995 2.3 3,839 4.2

American Samoa 883 100.0 883 100.0 0 .0 0 .0

Canal Zone 1,419 100.0 1,118 78.8 0 a 301 212

Guam 2.988 100.0 1.487 49.1 941 31 5 680 19.4

Puerto Rico 72.759 100.0 69,555 056 839 12 2.388 3.3

Trust Territory of the

Pacific Islands 121 100.0 121 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 Virgin Islands 488 100.0 350 74.8 28 6.3 93 19.9 ' - NOTE. -Oats from the maidens* and migration study differ slightly from those

previously published in POE Enrollment in Mahar Education. 1971 Because rf

rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

8',URCE; U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Residence and Migration of College Students. Pall 1972
Table 85. -Selected statistic' for the 00 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number of students: United States, fell 1973

Institution R0/11, order!

Control 3 Type3 Total

cnrutlment4

Enrollment by Sell Enrollment by

attendance status Men Women Full-time Pentime

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

University of California . . . . 1 1 U 147,134 87.988 59,1413 113,998 33,136 University of North Caroline 2 1 U 94,786 51,917 42,889 78,889 18,897

Indiana University 3 1 U 88,963 37,942 31.021 42.484 26.499

Pennsylvania State University 4 1 U 66,478 38.878 28,598 44.083 21,393 University of Minnesota 6 1 U 85.237 39,574 26,663 43,717 21,520

University of Illinois 6 1 U 60.032 i .. +'? 22,770 51.431 8.801

University of Maryland 7 1 U 54,525 JO _1'Ai 24,157 37,238 17.289

University of MissOurt 8 1 U 52.648 32.3tii 20.185 37,382 15,188 Ohio State University 9 1 U 61 .491 31,09i 20.394 45,123 8,388 Chicago Cow Colleges 1111.1 10 1 T 45,595 21,631 23,984 17,945 27,660

Michigan State University 11 1 U 44.988 24,838 20,328 35.200 9.766 University of Tens at Austin 12 1 U 43,863 26.167 17.888 39,539 4,314 University of Tennessee 13 1 U 43,333 25,468 17.887 31.139 12,194 University of Michigan 14 1 U 43.180 25 .490 17,670 33.950 9,210

Louisiana State University 16 1 U 41,701 24,092 17.809 31,753 9,948

Rutgers, The State University (N.3.1 18 1 U 40,740 24,323 18 .417 26.889 14,041 University of Wisconsin, Madison 17 1 U 38,315 22,860 15.685 30,378 7,937 Purdue University find.) 18 1 U 38.857 23.209 13.848 27.178 9.879 University of Cincinnati 10hall 19 1 U 36.282 21.760 14.602 22,935 13,327 University of Nebraska . . . . . . 20 1 U 38.204 20.650 15,554 24.845 11.559

University of Washington 21 1 U 34.942 20.907 14.035 30,273 4,689 City Univ. of N.Y.. Brooklyn Collar 22 1 F 4,382 15,813 18,589 19.550 14.832

University of Kentucky 23 1 U .s4,187 19,209 14,958 24,969 9.2013 Northeastern University Mess.) 24 2 U 34.078 22.895 11.383 18,269 17,809 Wayne State Univenoy (Mich.) 25 1 U 33.908 19,326 14.583 20,882 13.047

California State Univ., San Diego 28 1 F 33,344 18,331 16.013 18,888 14,458 University of Colorado 27 1 U 32,795 19,430 13,365 24,812 8.183

California State Umv., San Jose 28 1 F 32,678 17,163 15 ,416 18,677 16,001 University of Pittsburgh (Pa.) 29 1 U 32.628 19,083 13,445 19,690 12,838 Southern Illinois University 30 1 U 32,488 19,593 12,873 23.898 8.570

Arizona Stir' wetter, 31 1 U 31,849 18.007 13,842 19,396 12,453 Temple University (Pa.) 32 1 U 31,049 18,484 12,585 17,931 13,118

California State Univ.. Long Beech 33 1 F 30.774 17.687 13,187 18,089 14,705

University of Massachusetts 34 1 U 30,600 17,473 13,027 27,170 3,330

City Univ. of N.Y.. Queens College 35 1 F 30.346 13.117 17,228 17,223 13.122

Miami Dada Junior College IFIa.1 38 1 T 30,097 18,753 14,344 16,/130 14,337

New York University 37 2 U 28.643 18,644 11.999 13,539 15,101

Son Diego City College (Celd.) 38 1 T 28,133 17,548 10,588 7,713 20,420 University of Arizona 39 1 U 27,706 15,885 11,821 18,889 8.817

Brigham Young University (Utah) 40 2 U 27.687 14,421 13.146 22,050 5,517

University of Houston (Tee.) 41 U 27.552 18,816 10,737 18,869 10.883

California State Univ., Northridge 42 F 23,870 13.839 12,631 14,710 11,780 University of South Carolina 43 U 18,342 16,524 10,818 18 ,499 7,843 Long Beach City aglow (Calif.) 44 T 25.800 13,331 12,469 6 ,498 20,302 University of Florida 45 U 25.823 18,128 9,495 22.675 2.9413 University of Maine 46 U 26,441 13,530 11,911 18,785 8,678 Kent State University (Ohio) 47 U 24,972 13,371 11,801 19.073 5.899

University of Wisconsin. Mihrookee 48 F 24.943 14.110 10.833 15,115 9,828 California State Univ., Los Angeles 49 F 24.865 13,7613 11,097 10,785 14.080

Orange Coast College (Calif.) so T 24,415 12,389 12,047 8.108 18,307

El Gamboa College (Calif.) 51 T 24,373 13,427 10,946 8,931 17,442

State Univ. of N.Y. at Buffalo 52 U 24.191 14,654 9,537 17,037 7,164 City Univ. of N.Y.. Hunter College 53 F 23.899 8.173 17.528 13,421 13,278 University of Virginia 64 U 23,603 12,808 10.795 13,484 10.139

University of Oklahoma 55 U 23,684 14,764 8,830 18.277 7,307

Boston University (Mass.) 68 2 U 23,581 11,039 11,912 17,381 8,200 Northern Illinois University 57 1 U 23,063 12,182 10,871 15,047 8.006

California State Univ., San Francisco 58 1 F 22,983 11.301 11,882 12,930 10,053

Columbia University IN.Y.I 59 2 U 22.841 12,57.1 10,288 15,868 6,973

University of Arkansas 60 1 U 22.835 13,459 9.376 17,108 5,727

I Institutions inked by size of total enrollment

3 Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a privately controlled, by

a "2-.

3 The types of institutions are identified as follows '1.1", universities. 'I", other

4yeer institutions, '7", 2.year institutions.

4 Includes students whose programs of study are creditable toward a bothelor's or

higher degas, and also undergaouate students in 1-, 2, or 3-Year occupational

programs which are not creditable toward e bachelor's degree.

NOTE. For institutions with more than one campus, enrollment shown is the

combined figure for all campuses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics. Pali Mtralimeni In Higher Education. 107.i.

74 88
Table N. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18 24: United States, felt 1950 to fe111973

Yee,

Population

18 24 years of *el

Enrollment

Number an

roiled per 100

persons 18-24

years of age Year Population

18-24 years

of *gel

Enrollment

Number enrolled Per 100

persons 18-24

years of age

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1960 16,076.000 2,286,500 14.2 1960 16.128.000 3,682,726 222

1951 16,781,000 2,107,108 13.4 1951 17,004300 3,860343 22.7

1952 15,473,000 2.139.158 13.8 1982 17,888000 4,174638 23.8

1963 15,356.000 2.235.977 14.8 1963 18,268300 4,494,026 24.8 1954 15,103,000 2.452.468 18.2 1984 18.783.000 4,950 173 28.4

1956 14665,000 2.660,429 17.8 1966 20,293,000 5328.326 27,2 1956 14.980300 2,927,387 19.5 1966 21,378,000 25.928.000 27.7.

1957 15,095.000 3,047.373 202 1987 22,327,000 6,406,000 21, 7 1958 15.307.000 3.235,414 21.2 1988 22,883300 8,928,115 30.3

1959 15,677000 3,377,273 21.5 1969 23.723,000 7,484,073 315

1970 24.683000 7,920.149 32.1

1971 25.776000 8,116,103 31.5

1972 25,901,000 8,265,057 31,9

1973 28,361,000 8,519,750 32.3

1 Thom Bureau of the Census estimates are a of July 1 preceding the opening of

the academic year. They Include Armed Forces OMNI&

2 Estimated.

NOTE.- Date are for 50 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning In 1953,

enrollment figures Include resident and extension students; data for earlier yeas

exclude extension studenN.

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National

Center for Education Statistics, Asa Ennoilitiont fn Mew Education. 121 U.S. Department of COMM** Bureau of the Census. clement Population Rape"

Series P-25, Nos. 311 and 519.

Table 87. Degree credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by see and by control of Institution: United States, 6111940to 6111974

Veer foal Enrollment by sex Enrolment by control

of Institution Yew Total

Enrollment by sex Enrollment by control

of Institution

Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

I 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 8

1948 v2,078,095 11,417,695 1680300 pi 121 1981 3,886,643 2,4013,601 1.452,042 2328,912 1331,731 1947 2,338,226 1359,249 678,977 1,162,377 1,185,849 1982 4.174,938 2,987.291 1,597345 2.673,720 1,601,216 1948 2,403296 1)09267 694,029 1,185388 1,217,808 1953 4,494,828 2,772,562 1,722364 2.848.454 1.848.172 1949 2,444,900 1,721,572 723,328 1,207,151 1,237,749 1964 .. 4,950,173 3,032,992 1,917,181 3,179,627 1.770348 1960 2,281,298 1360,392 720.908 1,139399 1,141,599 1965 6.526.325 3274,603 2,161.722 3,624,442 1,901,883

1951 2,101,962 1,390,740 711,222 1337338 1,064,024 19601 5,928,000 3,577,000 2,351,000 3,940000 1388,000 1952 2,134,242 1,380,367 753,885 1,101,240 1.033,002 19671 6,392.000 3.822300 2,670,000 4,249,000 2,043,000 1953 2.231,054 1.422,598 806,456 1,185,878 1,045,178 1968 6,928.116 4,119,002 2.800,113 4,891.743 2.038,372 1954 2,4413,693 1,583.382 883,311 1,353,531 1,093,182 1969 7,484073 4,419,147 3,064,626 5,414,934 2,069,139 1955 2353,034 1,733,184 919,850 1,476,282 1,176,752 1970 7,920,149 4,036,641 3.283,509 5300,089 2.120.060

1966 2,918,212 1,911,458 1,006.754 1356.402 1.281310 1971 8,116,103 4,717,098 3,399.005 6.013,934 2,102,169 1937

1968

3036.938

3,225.038

1,985,088

2,092,218

1,051,860

1,133320

1,752,669

1,883,980

1,2134269

1,342,078

1972

1973

8,265.0417

8,619,750

4,700,822

4,772,288

3154,435

3247,482

6,159,929

4389.619

2.106,129

2,131,131 1959

1980

3,384,861

3,582,728

2,1532135

2,256,877

1,211296

1225,849

1.972,457

2,115,893

1,392,404

1,460333

19741 8,900,000 4,900300 4300000 8.703300 2,200,000

Estimated.

2 Data not available.

NOTE. Beginning in 1960, dote are for 50 States end the District of Columbia;

date for earlier years are for 48 States end the District of Columbia. Beginning in 1853, enrollment figures Include resident end extension students: data for earlier years exclude *revision students,

75

69

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Pori Muttliment fn Higher Education; and estimates of

the National Center for Education Statistic.
Table 88. - Resident degree-ceadit enrollment In Institutions of higher eduanion related to total population and to age roux 18 -21 and 18 -24: UnitedMetes,

1889-70 to fall 1972

Year

001Ntet tont Resident degree-credit enrollment Ratios

Torah 749.7 19. 213Ages

18 243

Total Under.

greduete4

Graduate

Total resident degrastredit

students to 100 ofUndergrad- uate

resident

degree.

midst

students to

100 of popu

lawn 18- 21

Total

papule non Penult'

tion

18-21

Papule.

tow

18-24

2 3 4 8 7 8 9 10 11 Academic year

1869 70 39.818.449 3.116.000 4.574.000 52.288 15/ 15/ 0.13 1.68 1.14 18/9 HO 50.1567113 4.253200 igaz000 116,8 7 111 t .23 2.72 1.63 1103 90 . 62247.714 5.160.000 8.826000 158.756 154,374 2,382 .25 3.04 1.78 2.99

1890 1900 75.994.575 5.931.000 10.357200 237.592 231.781 6.831 .31 4.01 2.29 3.91 1909 10 ..... 90.492.000 6934,000 12.300.000 366,213 346,080 9.153 .39 5.12 2.89 4.99

1919 1929 30

104.512.000

121.770.000

6388.000

8,862,000

12,836000

16,280.000

597,880

1,100,737

682.288

1.053,482

15,612

47,256

.57

.90

8.09

12.42 4.88

7.20

728

1129

1939 40 . 131.028.000 9.582200 18.458.000 1,494,203 1.388.456 106,748 1.14 15.59 9.08 14.49

1941 42 . ...... 133.402.000 9.706000 18.715.000 1.403.990 61.318.547 685.443 1.06 14,47 8.40 13.59

1943 44 . 136.736000 6706.000 16214,000 1,156.272 61.096041 659,231 .84 11.90 823 11.29

194b 46 139.928.000 9.667.000 16.790.000 1,876251 1.555.599 121.252 1.20 17.55 9.99 18.28 194/ 48 144.126.003 9,276,000 18,419,000 2.816.282 2.441.830 174.432 1.82 2820 15.93 28.32

1949 60 149.188.000 8.990.000 16.120.000 2,856021 2,421213 237.208 1.78 29.58 16.50 28.94

19b1 62 154.283.000 8.742200 16.706000 6301284 2.068257 233.327 1.49 26.33 14.65 23.66

1983 54 169.559.000 8.441200 15.221200 2.514.712 2.237.713 278,999 1.58 29.79 18.52 26.51 1st tam ut academic year

November 1963 . . 159.559.000 8,441,000 15.221.000 2,199,972 1,976.883 223.109 1.38 26.06 14.46 23.42

November 1965 166.278.000 8,608,000 14.966,000 2.597.670 2,347256 250,014 1.67 30.53 17.36 27.69

1st term. 1957 58 171218.000 8.844200 16,118,000 2,896585 2,621.919 277.648 1.69 32.79 19.18 29.65

1st term 1959 60 177,830,000 9,190.000 15.677200 3.21%544 2,873,724 341,820 121 34.99 20.51 31.27

1st term. 1981 62 183291.000 10,290,000 172134,000 6726,114 3,326288 397,826 2.03 38.21 21.91 32.34

Fall 1953 .. 189,242200 11,171.000 18.266000 4,234.092 3.755215 478.677 2.24 37.90 23.18 33.82

Fall 1903 200.706.000 14.529.000 22.883.000 8,659.203 5,856279 807.924 3.32 4523 29.10 40.27

Fait 1989 .......... 202.877.000 14228.000 23,723,000 7,136075 8.308.029 828.046 3.52 49.47 30.08 43.73

Fall 1970 .... 204.879,000 14.705200 24.683.000 7,545,340 6,645,308 900.032 328 51.31 30.57 45.19

Fall 1971 207.045.004 15.019.000 25.776.000 7,799.644 8.891.876 907,868 3.77 51.93 30.28 45.89

Fall 1972 208.842.0W 16.432.000 25.901.000 7.956528 7,007,188 943.358 321 51.52 30.70 45.41

I Armed Forces oversees are excluded from 1889-70 to 1929-30. they ere

included in 1939-40 and subsequent years.

2 Oats are actual census counts as of June 1 from 1870 to 19011 for later years

they are estimates by the Bureau of the Census es of July I preceding the fell

term of each school year.

3 Data from 1869- 70 to 1939- 40 are estimates by the Office of Education from

figures for brood alp groups supplied by the Bureau of the Census. data for tater

rears are estimates by the Bureau of the Census.

4 Includes studio s enrolled for first-professional degreeS. Also includes

"undessified" students when not reported by level.

Date not available.

6 Distribution by level estimated.

SOURCES! U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Centx

for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the (Mired States; end

comprehensive and fell surveys of enrollment in Institutions of higher education.

Table 89. -Degreocredit enrollment In Institutions of higher education, by type end control of Institution: United States, fall 1908 to fall 1973

Type and control

of institution

1956 1989 1970 1971 1972 1973 Percent change.

1968 to 1973

1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8

All institutions 6928.115 7284,073 7,v .148 8.116.103 8,285.057 8,519.750 23.0

Um-mites 2,702,412

1.....r.-

2.880.313 3200.295 3.004.988 3214974 3.110,130 15.1 Other 4-yew institutions 2.938.204 3.096.331 3.289,872 3.386,794 3.458.529 3,487,894 18.8

2 yew institutions 1.289.499 1,528,429 1224982 1.725,321 1,791,854 1926726 49.0

021== TSICI.CB, /0=12===1/1I

4291,743 5.414,834

t

Pubis instihrtions 5,800289 6,013934 6,158,929 6,3E81219 30.5

Univerrtier 2.008.131 2.182,317 2.277.735 2.301.976 2,310.047 2,405,895 19.9

Other 4 -year institutions 1,716271 1,840,007 2.002.592 2.089,252 2.154.417 2,153,713 25.5

2year institutions . 1.1139,141 1.41168'.0 1,516782 1,826706 6694.455 1,829,211 KS

Pirate instdutions 2.036.372 2269.139 2,120,050 2.102.159 2,108,128 6131,131 4.7 Unmet sit Ns 696.281 697,996 732.580 703,012 704,627 704,435 1.2 Other 4 yew institutions 1.219.733 1.255.324 1.287,280 1.298.542 1.306112 1.334.181 9.4

2year mstitutions .... . ... 120.358 115,819 110,220 102,815 97,389 92,515 -23.1

SOURCE U.S. Department of Redth. Education. and Welfare National Canter

for Education Stetistica. Patt btrottfttent tn Higher Education.
Table 90. - Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, end control of inetltution: United States, foil 1973

Type of enrollment and

control of institution

Number of students

Type of enrollment and

control of institution

Number of students

Total -. Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 .

3 4

All lintdutions. Fullime . 3.681.500 2,084,880 1,596,640

Ad resident and extension students 9.602.123 5.371.052 4.231.071 Part time 1.343.424 701,483 841,941

F nu.professionat students 91.949 81,811 18.138 Degree credit students 8.519.750 4.712.288 3.747.482 Graduate students . . . ... 799.155 441,483 357,1392

Jnderg, Musts and test professional Unclassified students .. 486.591 239.680 247.011

students . . 3.806.931 2.945.106

Undergraduate students 6.533.047 3.620.634 2.912.413 Nondegree-credd students . . . .. . 1,030.897 573,773 457.124

F ull.tene . 4.976.150 2.792.440 2.183.710 Part 4 one 1,556,891 828.194 728.703 Privately controlled institutions:

Fast-professional students 218.990 186.297 32.693 All resident end extension students .. . 2.182.607 1,268,082 914,525

Graduate studehts . . 1.123.462 047.158 4713,305

2.131.131 1,243,091 888,040 Unclassified students 644.251 318.201 326.050 Degree credit students

Undergraduate and f irst professional

Non.dewee-credit students .. 1,082.373 598.764 483.6E9 students 1.649,164 958.777 690,387

x, Undergraduate students . 1,828,123 854391 673.832

Publicly controlled Institutions: Fulltime 1.314,680 727,580 587,070

All resident and extension students 7,419,516 a,102,970 3,318.546 Parttime

Firstprofessional

213,473 128.711 86,782

121,041 104,486 18,555

6.388.619 3.529.197 2.859,422

students

Degrescredit Students . Graduate students 324,307 205,693 118,614

Undergraduate and first professional Unclassified students 157,680 78.621 79,039

students 5.102.873 2.848.154 2.254.719

Undergraduate sto.derns 5,144.924 2,768.343

_ 2.238.581 Nondegreecrerbt students 51.478 24,991 26,485

st)URCf, U S Ow& tment of Health. Education... ' Wel are. National Conte:

for Ere-cation Stanstws. Pan hnnollotornt on Inane. Fdurer m, 19

Table 91. - Firsttime degree...edit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of Institution: United States, fell 1948 to fall 1974

Year Total

Enrollment, by sex Enrollment. by con.

no, of Institution Year Total

Enrollment, by sex Enrollmen . by con.

trot of institution

Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 6

1946 1896.419 1499.632 1196.887 121 121 1961 .. ...... 1,018,361 691,913 426,448 648.238 370,125

1947 592.846 399,972 192.874 298.508 294.338 1962 1.030,554 598,099 432.455 869,728 380,826

1948 567.191 368.940 198,251 298.136 272,056 1983 1.048,417 804,282 442,135 Beam 359.558

1949 554.605 355.319 199.289 298.515 268,093 1964 1224.840 701,524 523.316 814.884 410,176

1950 512,427 317.183 196.284 281,911 230.516 1966 1.441,822 829315 612,607 990,021 451,801

1951 467.999 276.092 189,907 259.560 208A39 19681 1.378.000 787.000 591.000 947,000 431,000

1952 532.310 321.310 111.000 304,518 227.792 19671 1.439.000 814,000 825.000 1.024,000 415,000

1953 565.989 341.761 22a.208 331,656 234.313 1968 1,629,751 924,580 705,171 1300,784 428,987

1954 624.910 382,852 242,058 371.7013 253,204 1969 1.748,665 986,719 762/336 1,309359 439,286

1955 698.064 14,571 263.493 398423 269,841 1970 1,780.119 983,794 798.325 1,337.896 442323

1956 714.966 441,525 273,441 427.611 287.355 1971 1.765,625 987.859 797.766 1,339,177 428,448

1957 721,547 44C,613 280.934 431/358 289.889 1972 1,740.438 928,804 811,834 1322,664 417,874

1958 772.292 483.865 308.427 471.712 300.580 1973 1.758.864 930.783 826,071 1,322,903 417.535

1959 818,280 486.067 332.223 498.852 319.628 19741 1,850,000 980,000 870.000 1.420,000 430.000

1960 .. 923.089 539,512 383,567 577.744 345,325

I Estimated.

Data not available.

NOTE. Beginning in 1980, data me for 50 States and the District of Columbia:

for earlier years. tor 48 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning in 195:.i.

enrollment figures include resident and extension students: for earlier years. they

exclude extension students.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, van intrellmrnt In Maher Education: and estimates of

the National Center for Education Statistics.
Table 92. - Selected characteristics of brimless students in institutions of higher education: United States, fell1973

(Percentage distribution)

Item

Fast time students First.time students

Total Men Women

Item

Total I Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Toler 100.0 100.0 100.0 Average grade in high school wontinuedi:

C. 10.9 14.0 7.4 i 4 Age by December 31. 1973 C 9.7 13.1 8.0

.1 .1 .2 0 .4 .8 .1 17 . . .. . . ..... .. . .. 4.7 3.3 6.2 Distance from home to college: 18 74.7 71.9 77.8 5 miles or lets 13.3 13.6 12.9

19 15.3 17.9 12.3 8 to 10 miles 14.9 15.4 14.4 20 .... ... .. . ........ .. 1.8 2.4 1.2 II to 50 miles 248 24.2 25.5

21 . .7 .9 .5 51 to 100 miles 12.8 12 3 13.3 22.25 1.5 2.2 .8 101 to 500 miles 25.9 75.3 28.5

28 or older 1.2 1.3 1.1 More than 500 miles 8.3 9.1 7.4 Racial background:1 Highest degree planned anywhere:

White. Caucasian .. . . . . . ...... . 88.5 99.1 87.9 None 3.8 32 4.0

Bleck. Negro. AfroAnterican . . . . . .. ... 7.8 7.0 8.6 Associate (or equivefent) 82 5.0 7.6

American Indian .9 .8 1.0 Bachelor's (BA.. BS.) 30.8 28.5 33.3

Oriental . ... ...... . . . . .... 1.1 1.2 1.0 Master's (51.A., M.8.) 32.1 29.4 35.0

Meincen-Anwrican. Clucano. 1.3 1.3 1.2 Ph.D. or Ed.D 10.9 12.1 9.8

Puma Rican-American .4 .5 .4 M.D.. 0.0.. 0.0.8.. or D.V NI 8.2 10.8 5.4

Other 1.8 1.5 1.5 LL.B. or J.D. (law) 5.2 7.5 28

Marital SOON B.D. or M.Div. (divinity) .4 .13 .2 Presently married 1.9 2.1 1.8 Other 2.5 2.9 2.2

Not married 98.1 97.9 98.2 Probable realer field of study:

Veteran status: Agriculture (Incl. forestry) 28 4.4 1.0 No 98.3 95.9 99.8 Arts (fine and performing) 6.7 5.1 8.3

Yes, served in Southeast Asia .9 18 .0 Biological sciences 7.0 82 5.7

Yes, did not save in Southeast Asia ... .. . . .8 1.6 .1 Business 17.7 21.1 14.0

Father's education Education 12.2 5.2 198

Grammer school or loss 7.2 7.2 7.1 English 1.5 1.0 2.1 Sono high whoa! . . .. ...... . 14.0 14.5 13.4 Engineering 8.13 12.1 .7 High school graduate 28.4 29.8 28.9 Health professions 10.4 4.6 16.5

Postsecondary other then college 4.3 3.9 4.8 History and geography 1.6 2.0 1.1 Some college 14.4 13.9 14.9 Home economics 12 .0 2.5

College degree 17.2 16.8 17.7 Humanities (other) 28 2.0 3.5

Some graduate school . . . . ...... . . .. 2.4 22 2.5 Mathematics and statistics 1.7 18 1.6 Graduate degree 12.1 11.7 12.6 Physics and chemist'', 1.7 2.8 .7 Estimated parental Income. Physics' sciences (other) 1.0 1.6 .4 Less then $4.000 ............. . . . . .... 6.5 5.9 7.3 Psychology 3.3 22 4.5

134,0013 to 55.999 4.6 4.3 8.0 &Mel sciences (other) 48 5.5 4.1 $6,000 to 37.999 64 8.3 6.5 Social work 1.8 S 3.1 88.000 to 59.999 8.6 8.9 8.3 Technical fields 6.3 8A 2.0

810.000 to $12.499 15.8 16.9 15.3 Other fields 5.4 7.1 3.6

$12,500 to $14,999 14.0 14.6 13.2 Undecided 4.7 4.5 4.9

$15,000 to 519.999 16.8 17.5 16.0 Reasons noted as very Important 520.000 to $24.999 ......... .. . ... . . 10.9 10.9 10.9 In 'electing this cab*: I

525.000 to 629.999 6.3 5.2 5.4 Parents wanted me to come here 9.5 79 11.3

$30.000 to 534.999 3.7 3.4 4.1 Wanted to live away from home 15.4 11.7 19.6

$35.000 to $39.999 22 1.9 2.4 Teacher advised me 52 5.1 6.3

$40.000 or more ... .. . .. ..... . 5.3 5.3 5.5 Has a good academic reputation 49.0 44.4 54.2

Current religious preference Offered financial assistance 16.8 168 16.9

Protestant . . . .. . .. . . 46.4 441 47.0 Advice of someone who attended 188 17.9 19.9 Roman Catholic 34.3 34.6 33.9 Offers special education program 202 24.8 342

Jewish 5.1 5.0 6.1 Has low tuition 28.9 28.4 27.5

Other &O 5.0 6.1 Advice of guidance counselor 9.5 98 92

None 10.1 11.4 8.8 Wanted to live et horns 13.9 13.5 14.3 Political orientation Could not get a lob 28 2.8 2.t

Per left 2.2 2.7 1.6 Sources of financial support for

Liberal 32.8 332 32.0 soilage of $500 or more: I MIddle-olthe road .. ..... .. . . .. . 50.7 482 53.5 Partume Or summer work 24.0 31.6 15.6

Conservative 13.9 16.0 12.6 Full.time employment 68 9.3 4.1 Par right .6 .8 .4 Savings 17.0 198 14.1 Year graduated from high school Spouse 1.8 2.0 1.9 1973... 911 91.8 94.7 Parental family 54A 50.4 58.5

Did not graduate in 1973.. 6.9 8.4 6.4 Pennies military service benefit 2.1 2.3 1.8 Average grade in high school Parent's social security benefit 3.6 3.7 3.6

A or At 7.5 5.9 9.3 Personal military service benefit 1.9 3.4 .3 A. 9.8 7.4 12.4 Scholerships or grants 20.8 21.4 20.1 co . .. . ...... . . ..... .... 20.6 17.0 24.7 Loans (federally Insured, or collage) 15.1 14.7 16.4 B .

. . . . .. 25.6 24.1 27.4 Other repayable loans 5.1 4.7 5.3

8 . . .. . . ........ 15.5 18.0 12.7 Other sources of support 3.3 4.1 2.3

I Because some students gave multiple responses to this item. percents add to

more than 100.0.

NOTE. -Data are based upon a sample survey of (unisone freshmen enrolled in

college for the lest time. Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: American Cnuncil on Education. The American Freshman: National

Norms for FaU 1971
College Students by Major Field of Study

In October 1966 and again in October 1972, the

Bureau of the Census collected statistics on the major

field of study of students enrolled in colleges and

universities in the United States. The data are for

students between the ages of 14 and 34. When the

figures for the two years are compared, some

interesting trends in enrollment emerge.

Enrollment in all fields increased from 6.0 million

in 1966 to 8.3 million in 1972, a gain of about

39 percent. Some fields, however, received more than

their share of the additional students, while other

fields failed to keep pace with the overall enrollment

increase (see the accompanying chart). The number

of students majoring in education, engineering, and

physical or earth sciences actually declined during the

6-year period. Reflecting the decrease in the demand

for new public school teachers, education majors

declined from 19 to 12 percent of the total

enrollment. Engineering majors decreased from 9 to

4 percent, and physical or earth science majors from

4 to 2 percent of the total. There were small increases

in the percent of students majoring in the social

sciences and in the biological and health sciences.

Substantial increases were reported for students

majoring in "other" fields (subjects other than the

arts and sciences) and those not reporting a major.

There were noticeable differences in the majors of

college men and women in 1972. The fields in which

women predominated were education, health fields,

and English and journalism. About one-half of the

majors in the social sciences and fine arts were

women. While women were well represented among

the majors in the biological sciences and in

mathematics and statistics, a majority of these

students were men. Men were clearly predominant in

such fields as engineering, agriculture, law, business

and commerce, and physical and earth sciences.

The data cited above are based upon sample

surveys of the population. They are subject to the

sampling errors inherent in surveys of this kind. For

more detailed information, the reader may wish to

consult the Bureau of the Census publication, Social

and Economic Characteristics of Students, October

1972 (Current Population Reports, Series P-20,

No. 260). The report is available at $130 from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist M educational statistics

Figure 11.liflajor field of study of college students 14 to 34 years old:

Unites States, October 1986 and October 1972

October 1966 October 1972

NOTE.-Bocause of rounding percentages do not odd to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.& Deportment of Commerce. Bum of the Census. Curfew Population Repo*. Sense P.20. No. MO.

79

93
Table 93.- Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance stems, and field of study:

United States and outlying areas, fall 1971

Field of study

Alt

students

Firstveer studentsl Students beyond the first year2

Total. Men Women Total Men Women

FulltimeParttime

Full.

time

Parttime

Full.

time

Parttime

Full.

time

Parttime

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12

Enrollment for master's and

doctor's degrees 838,294 528.151 141,354 170.459 72.883 143,455 308.143 129,999 90,430 44,285 43,429

Agriculture and natural resources 10,975 5,283 3,562 1,281 316 124 5,692 3.677 1,832 238 145

Architecture and environ

menial design 6.262 3,515 2,353 512 505 145 2,747 1,839 432 381 95

Area studies 3,838 2,141 B61 430 479 371 1,897 776 296 436 189

Biological sciences 37,981 18,042 8.082 4,748 2,852 2.382 19,939 11.462 3.514 3,656 1,307

Business and management 97.359 66.392 23.947 38,067 1,898 2,682 30,987 13.313 18,213 751 690

Communications 5.557 3,987 1,697 914 842 634 1,870 649 441 245 235

Computer and information

sciences 8.300 4,921 1,903 2,418 270 332 3,379 1.493 1,538 173 175

Education 280.510 189,288 20.137 55.404 23.155 90,592 71,222 13,746 24,295 9,852 23,329

Engineering 59.132 30.545 14,607 15,388 284 268 28,687 16,124 11,967 307 189

Fine and applied arts 23,484 14,527 4,728 2,674 3,837 3,288 8,957 3,538 1,846 2,422 1.351

Foreign languages 17,285 9,089 1,716 1.477 2.765 3,141 8.196 2,219 1,434 2,679 1,884

Health professions 20.596 12,738 4,199 1,508 4.799 2,234 7,858 3,714 830 2,618 698

Home economics 4.939 3.580 212 88 1,336 1,924 1,379 121 72 600 588

Law 2,472 2.165 686 1,372 52 75 307 100 191 5 11 Letters 50,849 29,638 7,048 5.936 8.483 10,191 21,211 7,787 4,384 4,877 4;183

Library science 13.272 9,907 1,046 829 3,845 4,387 3,365 456 373 960 1,576

Mathematics 20.547 11,996 3,969 4.318 1,383 2,348 8,551 4,647 2,292 863 749

Physical sciences 38,928 16,665 9,284 5,006 1,377 998 22,263 15.424 4.684 1,697 558

Psychology 26.712 14,754 sass 3.595 3,024 2,747 11,958 5,641 2,308 2,888 1,343

Public affairs and services 24.138 16,350 5,689 3.457 5,859 1,365 7,788 2,923 1,048 3,384 433

Social sciences 75.337 43.164 15.889 14,240 6,018 7,019 32,173 16,642 8,868 4.791 3,074

Theology 9.667 4.276 2,274 1,059 512 431 5,391 3,652 1,140 432 167

interdisciplinary studies 18,154 15,208 2,117 5,748 1.448 5,897 7,946 1.078 1,034 354 482

Enrollment for *omb

*bold degrees 190.749 69.909 58.001 6,601 6.411 896 120,840 102,963 9,194 7,897 788

Dentistry (D.D.S. or 0.M.0.) 17.433 6,103 4,932 11 160 12,330 12,121 14 196

Medicine (M.D.) 43.966 12,948 11,229 1,898 5 31,019 27,963 27 3,022 7 Optometry 10.0 2.091 796 768 2 28 1,895 1,821 14 59 1 Osteopathic medicine ID.0.1 . 2,301 690 855 4 31 1,811 1,558 5 48

Podiatry or porhatric medicine

(Pod. 0.. OP.. or D.P.M.) 1.287 394 387 7 873 865 8

Veterinary medicine ID.V.M.) ...... 5,163 1.509 1,278 3 228 3,864 3,284 5 366

Law, general (LL.B. or J.D ) 94.416 40,003 29,262 8,088 3,875 778 64,413 42,108 7,883 3,762 860

Theological professions, general

16.0.. M.Div.. Rabbi) ..... . . 22,789 8,206 7,295 472 326 113 14,683 12,891 1,241 334 117 Other 724 282 195 5 62 462 352 5 104 1 1 Students with less than 1 full year of required study for an advanced de- SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Na tonal Center

gree or its equivalent in part-time study. for Eduation Statistics, Students &trolled for Advanced Domer, Pa 1 P71.

2 Students with 1 or more years of requite.' study for an advanced degree.

80

94
Table fn.Enrollment for maters and dootoes degrees, by field of study: United States

and oudyinoUM. fell 1960 to fall 1070

Field of study 1960 1982 1984 19881 1968 1970

1 2 3 4 8 6 7

, .

.. All fields 314.349 373,815 07.1136 655,023 703 .745 816,207

Agriculture 3,852 4.1 J2 4,772 8,308 6497 7.186

Architecture 585 836 847 1.161 1,424 2,240

Biological sciences 14,376 17.780 23,660 29,378 33,047 38.499

Business and commerce 26,342 29,750 43.999 53,2114 86,747 87.487

City planning (2) (2) (3) 1,316 2,039 3,193

Computer science and systems analysis (2) (2) (2) 2,032 3.893 7,938

Education 94.993 114,641 133,478 188,434 216,131 254.473

Engineering 38.836 43,850 64,318 58.385 83.882 84.7138

English and Journalism 13,463 16,873 22.681 27,499 32,2913 35,967

Pine and spelled arts 9,254 11,613 16.016 18.802 23,974 28,748

Folklore (2) (2) (2) 102 178 187

Foreign languages and literature 6,310 8,878 12,108 16,498 19.937 20.461

Forestry 560 713 850 930 1,180 1.485

Geography 1,041 1,281 1.743 2.207 2.1338 3,334

Health professions 6,842 6.588 8.234 9,338 11,373 14,242

Home economics 1,680 1.587 2.213 2,410 3,484 4.611

Law 1.851 2,124 2,407 2.430 2.539 2,633

Library science 1,380 1.858 7.563 9,277 10,982 12.416

Mathematical sciences 11.770 14,121 18.228 20.380 22.947 22.672

Philosophy 2.258 2,684 3,450 4,183 4,931 4,851

Physical sciences 26.707 28,591 34.061 38,081 40,937 40,113

Psychology 10,877 11.344 13,733 16,695 21,843 26,342

Religion 5,314 6.447 8,111 7,393 12.820 12.227

Social sciences 37,313 46,121 59,808 69,282 83,726 97.185

Broad general curriculums end miscellaneous fields . 4081 5,199 8.281 8.308 16.825 26.071

I Excludes 35 nonreporting institutions with an estimated

28000 students enrolled for master's and doctor's degrees.

2 Data not available.

NOTE.Date for 1960 and 1962 exclude students enrolled

for fist-professional degrees, including some master's degrees

in such fields as business and commerce, education, library

science, and social work. Data for subsequent years include

all students enrolled for master's and doctor's degrees.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Motion. end Welfare,

National Center for Education Statistics. reports on golden&

Bnronedfor Advanced Da m+.

Table 96. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 yews of age: United States. October 1973

Characteristic Number

On thousands/ Percent Characteristic Number

lin thousands)

Percent

2 3

1 2

All students

RV:

113and 17 years

18 and 19 years

20 and 21 wows

22 to 24 Weft

25 to 29 were

30 to 34 years Sex. May Female Race;

White

Black

Other

6.173 100.0 Marital status.

Married. present

Other Residence: I Metropolitan areas lin central

cities)

Metropolitan areas (outside

central Odes)

Nonmetropolitan areas

Year of college:

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth or higher

1,996

6.177

2.837

3453

1.882

2.275

1,807

1.476

1.230

694

691

24.4

75.5

34.7

42.2

23.0

279

22.1

18.1 15.0

8.5

8.5

289

2.517

2.073

1.465 1.378

551 4,677

3.497

7.318

684

171

3.5

30.8

25.4

17.9

15.6 6.7

57.2

42.8

89.5

8.4

2.1

I Residence refers to the permanent ` address of the student rather than to

where he attends college.

NOTE. Date are based upon a sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional

population. Because of rounding. details may not add to totals.

81

9$

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Current

Popularly', Report; Series P-20, No. 272.
Table 98. - Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level: United States and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1973

Fall Total

engineering

enrollment

Level of enrollment, forTotal

engineering

enrollment

Level of enrollment, for -

Pint

engineering

*Wee

Master's

degreel

Doctor's

degree

Fell Pint

engineering

degree

Master's

degree!

Doctor's

degree

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1949 219,712 201,927 15.242 2.543 1969 .. ..... . 278,348 242.992 29.713 5,543

1950 180.262 161,592 15,889 2,801 271,850 234,190 31,215 8,445

1961 .... . . . 165,837 145,997 16.765 2.875 1961 .. . 272,777 232,104 32,804 7.869

1962 176.549 156.080 17,539 2.930 275,329 230,730 35.359 9.240

1963 193,333 171,725 18,807 3.001 281,452 232,001 38,457 10,994

1964 214.414 193.892 17,441 3.281 1984 299,388 244,807 42,159 12.622

1955 243,390 221,448 18,779 3,183 1965 . ...... .. 311,587 253,412 44,208 13,947

1958 277.052 251,121 22,529 3.402 1989 ... .. 321,471 254,514 47,087 19,870

1967 297,077 288.761 24,136 4,180 1970 .. ..... .. 318,995 250.175 49,089 19.751 1968 289.880 268,779 28.138 4,763 1971 .. ..... .. 292,854 229.047 45,097 18,710

1972 .. ..... .. 270,153 208,878 43,895 17,382

. _ 1973 .. ..... .. 283.003 202.397 44,527 18.079

I Also includes enrollment for other postgraduate predoctoral degrees.

NOTE.- Includes fulltinse and Partinla dellreleakill student&

SOURCES: 111 U.S Department of Health, Education. end Weft are. National

Center for Education Statistics, Engineering Degrees 11964 -6.1)and Enrollments

1Fia1 1964 12) Engineering Manpower Commission of Engineers Joint Council.

linstneertns and Technology Enrolhnents. Fah 1973.

Table 97. Total enrollment, fall 1973, and degrees conferred, 1970 71, In institutions attended predominantly by Meek students: linked States

Item Total

Pour .yeer institutions!

.. Two.year institutions

Total Public Private Total Public

r Private

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

Number of Institutions

Total enrollment

Men

Women .

Full time enrollment

Men

Women

Par t-time enrollment

Men

Women .

Earned Jbgrees conferred:

Bachelor's and first professional Men Women Master s Men Women Doctor's Men Women

114 90 38 64 24 14 10

247,7134 192,101 132,720 w 59481 55 603

r 53.166 2

117;161 130.603 91,162

100,939

62,632

70,188

28.830

30,751

2439

29.864

24.779

28.388

1Z

1,278

182,826 154,128 100,729 ¢ 399 28.M 2493

89.422

93,404

74.806

79,322

48,708

52,021

,098

27,31)1 1.2911:

'14;082

13,528

13.077

1,086

1.006

64.879 37.973 31.991

_ _

. 28.905 26.509 346

27,679

37.199

..._ 16,356

21 '517

r 13.824

18,167

:,Z

3.450

11,323

15,592

11,251

15,309

72

273

26,433 26,423 10 070 16,363

j1522 1,1961 11,197

15,226

4.366

5,714

6,641

9.512

4.121 4.121 1,284 2.857

1,821

2,300

1,821

2,300

537

727 1,2841,573

47 47 47

1 0

_ .. _ fr 40

7 40

7

to

7 0

0

I Colleges and universities offering bachelor's Ind /or advanced degrees.

NOTE Total enrollment includes students whose programs of study are

creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree and also undergraduate students in

1 . 2.. nr 3year occupational program which are not creditable toward a

bachelor's degree.

SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, Pall finnolimen: on Higher Minn:Inn. 1973: end Earned anners tlatterred. 197 71.

82. 96
Table Natrilet of alai institutions of highs, education arid **amnia antollinont. by comet of institution and be tow Wiled NMI.

fed 1947 to fall 1913

Yost Numbei of dislituliont qr.*

total

enrollment

Imottment by control

of institution

Smottment by tea 11

tams Oubto pint* Public Private Men Women

3 4 5 0 7 1947 480 790 230 722.049 153.005 59.040 151,003 70,042

1948 497 757 239 310.977 153,970 57.007 139.830 15,347

1949 518 VS 243 129.001 170,899 98.312 151.191 11,810

1930 SU 299 719 711.403 157.874 49.079 139,878 77,535

1091 SI 1 394 717 199.997 156.339 43.798 119.601 79,108

1981 525 399 236 238.121 191.601 46.820 141.459 99,753

1953 III 393 229 288.241 210,006 49.139 155.806 102.4.19 1994 474 177 197 287.433 741.149 41.388 171,792 mop

1999 457 Ps 597 108,411 769.375 43.909 100,071 111,749

1996 487 278 204 347.345 297,011 49.724 975630 121,710

1957 490 383 207 368.998 315.900 53.008 237.017 131.381 1988 495 190 205 385.438 330.881 114.1195 147,942 137,494

1959 508 310 196 409,195 355.987 53.128 099.904 149,691

1980 521 315 306 451.333 392.310 99.013 182.1115 169,178

1961 514 339 195 517.925 456.381 91.544 320.158 197,769

1962 961 349 212 589.529 519,757 10,772 355.524 223.905

1983 573 397 716 674.789 531.308 73.481 388660 238.139

1954 817 389 228 710.868 830.959 90.009 439.509 271.359

toss 633 399 234 841.437 737.890 103.547 911.846 319,591

19651 700 490 254 945.000 840.000 109.000 577.006 369.000

108/1 739 495 340 1.075000 906.000 109,000 653.000 422,000

1969 9011 548 254 1.289.993 1.169.039 120.368 787.602 907.391

1969 813 577 230 1,938.410 1.412.610 119.819 910.631 517.798

1970 833 603 324 Lenny 1,519.763 110,220 953081 676.021

1971 854 837 217 026.331 1.622.700 103,615 1,003.173 733.149

10/2 883 871 212 1,791664 I.894.465 97,380 999.238 793,618

1973 929 709 720 1.931,735 1.829,711 92.815 1.048.458 873.368

astimeted The total numbs' of 3yeer institutions. indulging those offering

non4eweiscnnet programs exclusively. was 733 in 1068 end 788 so. '167.

NOTE Beginning in 1980. date ere for 50 Steles end the District of Columbia.

dire for eerher years ate far 48 States and the Oistrect 01 Columbia. Beginning in

57 Mg 0 71 - 7

enrollment figures include. resident end extension depsectedit students.

dela for earlier pun occlude extension students.

SOURCE- U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center

10r Vducetion Stennis% Pal Enranwnt se Higher Eduratfon.

83

1993,

97
Min 00. .4411101104 imam al Wu It,. soda et, apes, end Nemo In Ini1hut1en4 of 13.52edUcetion: UMW 313111. 11183.70 to 1101-72

tam MO /0 1919 00 MO-00 1889-1900 1900. 10 1919 -20 1028 -30 1939. 40 4 6 7 9

Melfttnall

Tout 811 1 989 1 911 051 1541 1.48

- 1.108

114000,1 Total 15.553 711,522 115.8131 23.888 38.480 48.515 82.288 148.910 Mon 24.8d7 17.353 112.704 29.133 35.807 612017 163,318 Worms 14,194 $3.1011 1.348 13.805 n.369 40.801 Roam deenereln asoUnn4t4

Total 152.188 3115.817 158.756 331,592 355,713 597.1310 1,100,737 1.494.203 Men *wan LK 180 Immo

377.972

337,845

11(15,453

188,303

153,354

85,338

1214548

3140,565 282314.938 .942 819,935

480.902 893.760

300.953

Iternaldesteastonhein

Bectaiors and hat molemonai [

Total . 9.371 IMO 15.530 27210 31,199 48.022 121.484 188,500

/.993 10,411 12,857 n 173 28.102 31580 13,615 109,548 Women 1.378 1.485 2,882 6,237 8,431 18.342 48.889 76.984 Mater's mom hest. caohissionel7 Total 879 1,016 1.583 3,117 4,279 14209 28.731 Man 0 82 1 1.280 1265 2.985 8.926 113.508 Woven . 11 194 303 518 1 8244 10,233

Doctors Total 64 149 382 615 7209 3.290 Men . . 1 51 147 359 399 522 1,956 2.881 Women 3 2 23 44 93 353 419

Phonies Un thoumnds of dollars) Taal current Income 141 1111 141 151 678.883 3199922 355011 6715,211 Educational) end general mama 111/ 191 $21 484 535.084 67,017 173,929 483.065 571.2138 Total anent opera

lutes 1111 lel 15,1 19/ 17/ 507.142 074.688 Educational and general

expenditures 171 3) 171 (7) Oh 377.903 521,990 Value of Orme

11800111V (SI 98.426 253.599 460.532 741,333 2555950 92.163.780 Endowment and other nonependebk Wilde° 181 IN 18,788 194998 373,851 450271 1,512,023 1,764,604

I Total number of different individuals (nos reduced to full-time eouivelentl.

Beginning in 1959-60, dem are for the tint arm of the academic yea. tothroted.

011,611mM/re data

4 Untla Othartfill mdleseted, includes students enrolled at any tuna during (hi eadernle roar. Dale for first term of the academic veer. 6 Opening fen enrollment.

7 Beolnnum in 1989-70, Includes ail maser's C. OM

Data not availebie. 9 Includes mama:woad Pam Ion&

1

1949 -50 1959-80 --

1969 - 70 1971- 72

10 11 12 13

1551 I008J 2.618 2.606

246.721 380.554 1515200 7007500

188.189 206,773 1443200 3107,003

80.533 4

93.781 1192200 1200500

2259211 13.116.3M 47,136515 61250.515

1233.058 13.079,788 54241,018 64,549,410

005,853 14.135,7138 62.889,081 43.401566

432588 l 382.440 837234 1926.810 30.841 264583 484,174 7631540

103217 138277 343.0110 7388,930

613.183 74,435 209291 7250.070

41,330 50.898 135.624 3159,100 18563 23,631 82.6137 3101,970

6,420 9,829 29,90e 133.330

5,804 8.801 25,990 728.060 616 1.628 3.916 35,770

12479640 1113.785627 331 .515,243 526234259

1,833,845 4,688252 18.486.177 20.200289

2245581 6,601,378 21,043,113 25559,560

1,708.444 4,613208 15,788599 19200,508

4,799954 13.448.548 42993580 50,153,25t 2944.213 5.571,131 1110.853A16 1111E83.208

I? Book value. I' Endowment funds only.

NOTE.-fleonning In 1959-130. includes Alaska and lavaii.

SOURCES: U.S Department of Health, Education. end While. National Canto

for Education Sonatas, Menotti Survey of Sdarottav 4u Ow United States;

Faculty and Other hafistIonal Staff In IntrItudons 4 Higher Sdireettom

Cbatprehasive Report on Enrollment in Hipp Education. Pea Ihnolintent Os

Higher Sdatotton; Hamad Doren Cbnlettitt Financial Stathaa Of 91817919041

of Higher Beacotton; and unpublished dem

'84 98
Table 100. Estimated Maims and timeline noldont intauetional Neff In institutions of blobs, education, by academic tank: United States, fell 1980 to 1914

lin thousands)

Fyn of

tutu resident

instructional

stall

Instructor or above I Junior instructional staff

Toot Fulltinte Pitttme Total Fulllime Part.1111111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

1960 . . ... 270 238 164 82 40 8 32

1961 ... 292 748 182 88 44 9 35

1982 312 288 173 92 41 10 37 1963 . . . 331 381 184 07 50 IP 40

1984 307 307 212 95 50 12 48

1955 412 339 248 91 73 15 58

1988.. 445 361 278 83 84 17 87

1967 484 389 299 90 95 14 91 1986 523 427 331 95 96 16 80

1989 548 448 349 99 98 15 83

1970 674 472 368 104 103 15 87

1971 596 490 382 109 100 16 90

1972 .... . . 603 498 187 109 107 113 91 1973 .. .. 620 510 399 112 110 16 94

1974 . 822 511 399 112 111 18 95

NOT . -Because of rounding, details may not add to tools.

SOURCES U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, end Welfare, Notional Center

for Education Statistics, iraculfy and Mho Profitattonat Staff in inttUntiout of

Higher bdueetion: Numbor and Charoctoittita of Emptopas M buffnakest of

Higher Education; Thochtnn and Rematch Staff by Academic Held to inintutions

of Myna Education. Asti 1968; and ureublirhid dote.

Table 101. Teaching and research staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank end field: United States and outlying eras, fal11070

(In full-time equivalents)

Academic held

Resident instruction and depart.

mantel research staff

Organised research

staff

Total Senior Junior Total Senior Junior

1 2 3 4 13 7 All fields 455277 404.182 51,095 39,888 22,988 17,273

Agriculture

Architecture

6.452

2.335

5,487

2.214

985

121 6,817

46

4,660

33

2.257

12

Biological sciences 25.383 21,201 4.182 4,445 2,399 2.086

Business end commerce 28,098 25,978 2,118 539 344 198

Education 32,748 29,838 2,910 1.519 851 688

Engineering 21,012 19411 3201 4,451 2,205 2,248

English end lournalism 40,06P 36,290 3,779 249 133 116 Fine sad applied arts 39261 38.534 2.917 287 149 138

Foreign lanwrmas 22,881 19,930 2,851 192 122 70

Forestry 768 878 78 447 252 198

Creograghy 3,381 2890 491 78 39 37

Health professions

Home economics

44,306

4237

38.190

4,098

8,118

341 7240215

4,493

127 2,947

88

Law 3.384 3.266 98 81 49 12

Library science 1.744 1,618 128 26 15 11 Mathematics 23,441 20.800 2.841 1319 338 283

Military science 1,840 1,785 88 B 3 3

Philosophy 8.604 6,031 573 50 30 20

Physical and health education 17.878 18.693 1.015 87 41 48

Physical sciences 34.172 27,179 6.993 6,729 2.817 3,112

Psychology 13.604 11,915 1,689 883 280 393

Religion and theology 6.724 8.502 222 74 26 49

Social sciences 51,832 48,886 5,148 2,489 1,365 1,104

Trade and industrial 11,437 11.194 243 130 93 37

All other 9.829 13,056 1,773 2,920 1,782 1,168

NOTE.-Because of rounding. detail may not add to totals. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, unpublished data.

85

99
Selected Characteristics of College Faculty

Members

A recent report from the American Council on

Education describes in considerable detail the

demographic characteristics, professional

backgrounds, and academic activities of the teaching

faculty in colleges and universities in 1972-73. While

college teachers are obviously a diverse group, a

composite picture of the typical faculty member

emerges from the report.

The typical American college teacher is a white

male between the ages of 31 and SO. He holds at least

a master's degree, and he has attained the rank of

assistant professor or above. He earns nearly $15,000

a year, but this figure is inflated somewhat by the

fact that a sizable number of teachers are employed

for 11 or 12 months a year rather than the traditional

9 or 10 months.

The typical college teacher received his highest

academic degree in the 1960's, and he also began

service with his present employer in the 1960's. His

principal occupation is classroom teaching rather than

administration or research, and he likes his work. If

he had a chance to start all over again in a new job or

a different academic discipline, he would decline the

opportunity.

The Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher

Education aid the American Council on Education

conducted a similar survey of college faculty in

1968-69. When the 1968-69 and 1972-73 studies

are compared, the following trends are apparent:

During the 4year period, the age of college faculty

members increased. A larger percent of teachers were

41 years old and over in 1972-73, and a smaller

proportion were aged 40 or less. The percent of

women on college faculties increased from 19 to

20 percent. The proportion of faculty members who

are black rose from 2 to 3 percent. The percent of

teachers with the rank of professor or associate

professor increased from 42 to SI percent, while the

percent with the rank of instructor declined from 20

to 13 percent. Possibly reflecting the growth of

enrollment and staff in 2year colleges, the percent of

faculty members holding a professional or doctor's

degree declined substantially between 1968-69 and

1972-73.

A great deal of additional information appears in

the two reports, College and University Faculty: A

Statistical Description and Teaching Acuity in

Academe: 1972-73, both by Alan E. Bayer. They

may be purchased from the American Council on

Education, I Dupont Cirde, Washington, D.C. 20036.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 12.Selected cheracteristics of teaching fain, in colleges

and universities: United States, 187273

Academie rank

NOM dsgise hid

SOURCE: Anwrican Council on Education. Research Report vol. 8. No. 2. bathing Fatuity in Modena: RUM

Profestonsl INrehrOns etudicieS

5.1%

Sacheloni

Ns 61%

86

100
Table 103. - Professions! issekoroond and academie Kenny of Celle" 180121Y 111MISIMS. by type of Institution and by WC United States, 1973 -73

(Percentage 91111,1bl/hen!

Hem

All institutions Untwisting *WSP Colleges %aced colleges

Total Men Women Toed Men Woman 1 Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Highest ilegrest curiantly held None. less titan 13.A . . . . 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 OA 0.6 0.5 0.7 3.3 3,6 2.3 Bechelues 4.0 4.5 8.5 5.1 4.9 6.3 3.7 2.8 4.3 8.2 7.3 10.9 Masters 44.9 40.8 61.8 302 25.0 59.9 47.0 44.3 58.8 73.5 73.6 73.2 LI. 8.. JO.. other profesponal

(emcee medical) 5.0 5.4 3.? ILI 6.6 32 4.7 5.1 3.6 3.1 22 32

Doctorate Immo., medical &W..

or Ph.D.) 12 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 I. 12 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 Ed D 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 32 4.0 3.1 1.6 1.7 IA

Medico IM.D. or DM 1.1 12 0.5 2.3 22 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 Ph.D. 30.2 33.8 15.6 40.2 44.9 18A 31.4 34.2 21.5 4.3 4.5 3.4 Me answer) . ...... 8.1 8.3 7.4 10.3 10.8 8,5 7.3 7.1 82 4.7 4.9 4.0 Wier highest degree recessed

&Rom IOW . . . ........... 4.4 4.6 3.4 6.0 6.3 4.7 3.6 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 1940. 1949 9.0 9.4 7.4 11.8 112 105 7.6 8.0 8.5 5.7 8.2 4.1 1960 -1959 24.3 26.5 19.1 28.2 27.7 18.7 22.7 23.5 20.0 22.9 24.4 18.1 1960 5969 48.5 45.4 50.7 43.6 42.4 49.8 48.5 47.8 50.8 48.8 472 519

1970 present 10.5 9.. 12.9 8.0 7.8 11.8 12.5 12.1 93.8 10.9 10.1 13.8 No Mahar degree. Or no mew 5.5 5.2 6.5 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.9 6.0 92 8.9 10.2 Meier field of highest degree. Business 4.1 4.7 1.9 3.2 3.7 OA 4.7 5.5 2.0 I0 5.5 3.5

Education (including physical and

Math education) . 14.8 12.6 23.4 11.3 9,1 21.9 16.3 13.9 24.8 192 182 22.9 Biological sciences (including

agriculture) 6.8 7A 4.3 9.2 10.1 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.2 SI 5.4 4.1 Physical sciences (including

mathematics/statistics. and computer

sciences) 11.5 13.3 4.3 102 12.3 3.0 12.4 142 4.4 11.4 13.0 8.2

Engineering (including architecture/

design 8.3 7.8 0.4 8.9 10.5 OS 4.6 5.8 0.3 4.0 5.3 0.0

Sodas sciences (Including psychology

and fPoilrolMV) 12.4 13.3 8.8 13.1 14.2 7A 13.0 14.1 8.7 9.5 9.2 10.5 Fine ern 8.4 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.0 8.4 10.2 9.8 11.6 7.7 8.2 5.9 Humanities 17.6 162 20.8 14.3 14.0 15.7 21.2 20.5 232 17.7 18.2 22.3

Health sconce 4.6 3.2 10.2 8.2 6.6 NA 1.5 0.5 5.1 3.0 0.6 10.1 Other prolesPons i.ncluding soda

work. taw. lawn* sm. library

science) 4.0 3.7 4.9 5.3 5.1 8.2 3.7 3.3 5.1 1.4 1.0 2.8 All other fields !Including horns

ecomonics. industrial ens. vocational.

technical) 2.7 2.1 5.4 22 1.7 8.4 2.0 1.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 32

None. no higher dimes (Including

no envied

athtelpla activity of current Position:

8.7 8.7 GA 52 8.2 5.5 5.3 6.3 11.4 12.5 8.1 Administration 11.4 122 8.5 122 13.7 8.6 12.0 12.5 10.0 8.9 7.5 5.2

Teaching 82.2 812 88.5 752 74.2 93.5 85.4 94.9 87.2 90.5 90.8 89.8 Research 4.2 4.8 1.6 8.5 9.5 3.7 1.3 1,5 0.6 0.3 02 OA

Other 2.2 1.8 3.4 22 2.6 4.2 IA 1.1 2.2 2.2 12 4.8

Employment status for current scedimic

year

NH time 95.3 96.1 91.8 932 94.8 89.2 96.4 98.5 91.4 98.2 98.8 98.3

Pan time. muse than half time

Half time

1.3

1.2 0.8 0.8

2.9

2.7

1.6

1.3

1.2 OA3.8 3,5

1.4

1.4 0.9

1.0

3.2

22

0.5

0.6 0.3

0.4 1.2

1,2

Less than half Pm 22 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.5 18 1.7 2.5 0.7 0.6 13

Present rank: Professors 28.4 30.3 11.0 36.2 40.9 12.3 21.3 27.8 112 8.0 82 7.4 Associate professor 34.3 26.1 21.0 20.4 28.4 20.4 272 27.8 212 188 152 14.9 Ailment professor 252 232 31.2 24.4 22.3 35.1 32.2 30.8 37.1 122 12.5 13,9

Instructor 132 10A 24.3 8.7 192 22,8 102 8.6 18.4 292 262 37.8

Lecturer 2.5 22 4.0 32 2.7 5,8 2.8 2.4 4.3 0.4 OA 0.4

Do not hold mina dedipiation 6.7 6.8 6.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.13 1.6 32.1 34.4 25.0

Otter rant 12 1.1 2.5 1.7 1.4 32 1.1 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.5 1.0 Number of hours per week in scheduled

teaching. None. or no answer 8.8 8.4 7.8 7.2 7.1 7.9 8.2 52 7.1 OA 5.8 82

Ore to four hours 11.8 12.5 8.0 172 182 122 9.0 9.2 8.6 3.7 3.7 3.5

Plie tonged hours 21.8 232 18.2 32.8 34.6 22.5 17.5 18.0 15.8 5.9 5.5 7,2

Nine to heeler bows 28.3 28.3 33.1 25.4 24.5 28.7 39.6 40.5 313.6 11.4 11.6 11,1

Thirteen to sixteen hours 17.3 18.2 21.9 82 7.7 14.3 17.5 172 182 38.7 35.7 40.0

Seventeen hours or mon 14.1 13.3 17.1 8.4 7.3 132 10.1 9.3 /3.1 35.9 37.7 Current base institutional salary:

5$.500 or less 2.7 2.0 5.7 22 7.3 8.1 2.9 2.1 8,3 1.7 0.9 4.1 $8.800-19.1900 7.0 4.4 172 4.3 2.2 14.7 9.2 8.0 21.5 8.7 ILO 15.5 $9.800-011.600 12.5 10.4 21.4 9.0 8.4 22.0 18.9 15.3 22.8 11.6 9.8 18.0 111.600- 513,600 18.4 18.2 17.3 132 12.8 19.1 19A 20.4 15.7 IBA 15.5 17.2 $13,800 -0t 5,500 15.8 18.5 13.1 16.0 15.1 14.6 15.1 18.3 10.6 19.1 20.4 15.0 $15.600- 117.500 13.2 14.2 8.9 12.6 13.2 9.4 10.4 11.5 6.0 20.6 22.7 13.3 817.600-$19.500 9.9 102 5.5 10.8 112 4.5 7.3 8.0 4.7 13.4 15.0 8.4

$19.800-1121.500 82 7.7 2.8 82 9.9 3.4 8.0 833 2.6 3.7 2.4 $21.800- 124,500 6.I 7.0 2.3 8.9 10.3 1.7 8.0 5.2 32 IA 2.2 0.5

124.600 or more 9.7 102 5.4 14.1 16.0 42 7.9 8.4 6.0 3.5 2.9 5.8 Salary hews: 9110 months 86.8 68.2 69.0 60.1 69 3 64.3 68.4 68.7 87.5 782 78.5 792

11 /12 months 33.2 332 31.0 39.9 40.7 35.7 31.8 31.3 32.6 21.1 21.5 20,1

NOTE Data are toted upon sample sunny. Because of rounding, percents may SOURCE: American Council on Education. Research Report Vol. 8. No. 2.

not add to 100.0. Teachine Faculty M Academe: 1972- 73.

87

101
Table 103.-Demographic and background characteristics of college faculty members, by type of institution

and by sex: United States, spring 1969

(Percentage distribution,

item

All institutions

-r

Universities Fouryear colleges Twoyear colleges

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

- - Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

i f - , v Aga:

Over 60 (born before 1909) . . . . . 7.7 7.3 9." 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.5 7.9 10.4 8.6 6.2 8.0

b1 -60 (born 1909-1918) 15.7 16.1 196 15.7 11.1 19A 16.6 15.0 17.7 18.1 152 18.5

41-50 (born 194b-19281 . . 28.7 28.7 i 6 27.1 27.3 25.8 28.7 25.6 28.4 28.0 27.6 29.0 38-40 (born 1929-1933) 16,5 17.3 13.0 17.3 18.3 11.7 15.9 18.4 14.5 14.8 15.5 12.2

31-35 (born 11034-1938) 17.4 18.5 12.8 17.8 18.6 13.3 17.1 18.4 12.8 16.6 18.3 11.9 30 or Ian (born after 19381 .. . . . 16.0 15 0 19.7 14.8 13A 21.1 17.0 16.7 18.1 18.0 17.2 20.3

Race.

White 96.3 96.8 94.7 97.7 97.7 97.7 93.6 94.2 91.3 98.4 99.1 98.7 Black 1.8 3.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 6.0 4.2 7 4 .7 5 1.4 Orienal 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 .9 .5 .2 1.4 Other .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 2 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .5

Citizenship.

Not U.S. citizen 3.8 4.0 2.8 4.8 5.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 .9 .8 1.3 U.S. citizen, naturalized 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.8 4.9 as 4.3 2.2 U.S. citizen, native 90.9 90.5 92.0 el9.8 89.2 91.6 91.1 90,9 91.9 95.3 949 96.5

Father's educational attainment:

Eighth grade or less 29.1 30.0 25.6 28.1 26.9 21.9 30.5 31.5 28.2 37.1 39.4 30.5 Some high school 14.3 14.4 13.7 13.9 13.8 13.3 15.0 15.4 13.6 15.1 15.2 15.0 Completed high school 17.5 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.2 17.7 17.1 17.4 18.0 19.3 19.1 20.1 Some college 12.6 12.4 13.7 13.1 12.9 142 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.1 10.8 15.9

College graduate 9.7 9.5 10.0 11.0 10.9 11.7 9.0 8.7 10.1 8.5 8.7 5.8 Some graduate school 5.4 5.0 7.1 5.8 5.5 7.5 5.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 2.7 4.5 Advanced dean* 11.4 11.1 12.6 13.1 13.0 13.8 10.7 9.9 13.3 6.6 8.1 8.2

Religious background:

Protestant 64.1 63.9 65.4 87.6 66.8 722 69.4 59.3 59.7 64.3 64.4 84.1 Catholic 16.9 15.9 21.3 13.0 12.7 14.8 19.9 18.6 24.3 23.4 21.8 28.2 Jewish 9.7 10.4 6.7 10.1 10.7 62 11.5 12.3 8.9 3.3 3.7 2.2 Other 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.8 3.8 2.8 None 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.5 22 2.4 1.4 No answer 2.7 3.0 1.2 2.3 1.8 .9 3.0 3.4 1.8 3.1 3.8 1.3

Cunene religion:

Protestant 47.9 47.1 61.4 48.9 47.8 55.8 45.1 44.6 46.7 62.0 51.4 53.5 Catholic 13.5 12.2 19.2 9.6 92 122 18.4 14.7 22.4 20.1 17.0 28.8 Jewish 7.0 7.3 5.4 8,9 7.3 4.9 8.8 9.0 7.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 Other 5.9 8.1 5.2 8.0 6.2 5.1 6.8 6.7 5.1 8.8 7.1 5.9 None 20.7 21.9 15.8 23.7 24.6 18.8 19.0 20.2 15.0 13.8 15.0 10.1 No answer 4.9 6.4 3.1 4.7 4.9 3.4 5.3 5.8 3.3 5.0 8.0 2.1

Marital status:

Currently married 79.3 87.0 47.4 83.2 89.4 48.1 74.9 83.7 45.8 78.7 88.0 50.3 Divorced. separated. widovad . . . . 4.8 3.0 12.4 4.1 2.7 12.1 5.7 3.5 12.9 52 2.8 12.2 Never married 15.9 10.0 40.1 12.7 7.9 39.8 19.4 12.8 41.6 18.1 11.2 37.5

Number of children:

None 38.1 29.3 85.3 32.3 26.2 87.3 40.6 33.7 64.8 38.0 29.7 81.9 One 15.9 18.7 12.3 15.7 16.4 12.0 18.0 16.9 12.8 18.3 18.0 11.5 Two 23.7 28.3 12.9 25.4 27.7 12.0 22.0 24.3 139 22.5 25.9 12.7 Three or more 24.3 27.7 9.6 26.6 29.7 8.7 21A 25.1 8.8 23.1 26.3 13.9

NOTE.-Data are cased upon a sample survey by the Carnegie

Commission on the F iture of Higher Education and the American

Council on Education. Because of rounding. percentages may not add

to 100.0.

SOURCE: American Council on Education, Research Report Vol. 5.

No. 5. College and University Faculty: .A Statistical Description. June

1970.
Table 104. -Number and average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 10.ntonth contacts in institutions of higher educttion, by type

of institution mademle rank, end sets United States, 1972-73

Rank and tie

Total Universities Other 4year

institutions

2year

institutions

Number

of

faculty

members

Average

Pam

Number

of

faculty

members

Average

Want

Number

of

%write

members

Average

salary

Number

of

faculty

members

Average

salary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Toed 251,897

.., 013.913 93.234 $15,301 120.192 013.059 38,371 $12,053

Men 195.843 14,380 78,008 15,869 92.108 13.493 15,/29 12.890 Women 58.054 11,901 15,326 12,410 28.088 men 12,642 11,868

Psalmists 55,424 18.916 27,516 20.792 25.378 17.131 2.430 18.231 Men 49,968 19.127 25.878 20.987 22.198 17.203 1.894 16,644 Women 5.455 18,978 1,710 18.199 3.180 16.622 538 15.122

Associate professors 68,755 1.4.354 24.409 14,983 30.044 13,833 4,302 14,426 Men 49,205 14,472 21.366 15,072 24.813 13.953 3,226 14,459 Women 9.550 . 13.748 3.043 14,389 5,431 13,291 1.076 14,327

Assistant professors 86,234 12.046 31,371 12.484 48.697 11.741 8,166 12.181 Man 65,710 12,232 25.172 12,602 34.981 11.980 5,857 12.269 Women 20,524 11,450 6,199 11,901 11,716 11.088 2,609 12.015

instructors 81.484 10,662 9,938 9,779 18.073 9,482 23,473 11,959

Men 30.960 11,006 5,594 10,031 10,314 9.605 15,052 12,327 Women 20,624 10,143 4,344 9,454 7,759 9,273 8,421

_...._ 11,301

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics. preliminary data from release doted February 16, 1973.

Table 105. -Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by modernist rank, type of institution, end site of

enrollment: United Stases, 1971-72 and 1973-74

Type of institution and

sue of enrollment

1971-72 1973 -74

All ranks

combined Professors Associate

professors

Assistant

professors

Instructors

and

lecturers

AU ranks

combined

Professors Associate

professors

Assistant

professors

Instructors

and

lecturers

2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 All year collages and universities

Public universities:

10,000 students and over

5,000 to 9.499

Under 5.000

Private universities;

5,000 and over

Under 5.000

Public colleges

Private colleges:

1.000 and over

600 to 999

Under 500

All 2yeer institutions'

Public institutions

2,000 students and over

1.000 to 1.999

Under 1,000

Private untie. .ons

512.932 $18,091 913,968 $11,611 $9,347 $14273 $19297 $16,331 02244 $10211

13,960

12,757

12,411

14.303

12.783

12.304

11,483

10.440

9.950

19,131

17,052

18,777

20,889

17,639

17.885

15,929

13,735

13,250

14,629

13,770

13 707 14,644

13,857

13,618

12,716

11,470

10,962

12,109

11,562

11,3132

11,912

11,480

11,271

10,748

10,007

9,411

9,863

9,382

9,278

9,029

9.386

9.353

9,217

8,456

8,120

15,882

14,187

14,001

15,496

13.636

13,518

12,410

11,081

10.639

21,238

18.717 19,302

21,506

19.124 18,352

16.822

14,690

13,554

15,918

15,144

15,342

15,683

14,732

14,916

13,570

12,164

11,321

13,186

12,844

12,569

12,750

12,243

12,470

11,488

10,499

9,893

10.498

10,229

10,157

10,363

10,065

10,748

9,708

9,960

0.479

11,759

11,952

13.255

10.765

10,002

8,856

13/18

14,925

12,442

10,863

9,457

t Sono a minority of the reporting 2.year institutions have not established

professorial ranks, data are not shown by rank for these institutions.

NOTE.-Salanes are for 9 months of fulltime teaching.

SOURCES: National Education Association. Research Report 1972 Rb, Salaries

Aid and SalaryRdated Practice in Higher Education. 1971-74 and Research

Memo 19744, Summary of Salaries Paid in Higher &location, 1973. 74.

(Copyright 0 1972 and 1974, respectively. by the National Education

Association. All rights reserved.)
1%A. 100. Median annual navies of Instructional staff and cesministrativeofficers In Ow mikes 000 adversities: United States, 1939 -.GO to 1973.74

Position 1959-60 1861-83 1963 64 1969.48

..I 1987-68 1969-70

4.. -.... -- 1971-72 1973-74

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

.

-4 9

Insttuellorial staff in Syeer 1141149111end untasnitint All mks

ProNstors $6,711 $7,488 18.183 $9,081 $10,235 $11,748 $12,932 $14,373

Astaciete Protatant

9,107 10,268 11,313 12,053 14,713 16.799 18,081 19,897

Assistant protesters 7,332 8,167 8.969 10,068 11,393 12,985 13;48 18,331

instructors end lecturers 8,231 6.900 7,539 8,417 9.472 10,598 11,811 12.644 5,088 5.683 6,114 6,761 7,498 8.416 9,347 10,211

Adistinbustive officers:

President

vise president

13,827 15,375 17.330 19.638 22.339 26,879 29,760 31,342

Ow of the cotiego 14,154 18.000 17,130 19,012 21,458 23,260 26.313 27,687

Dean of students 10,723 12,230 13,644 15,703 18,141 19,128 19,975 22.000

Dean of men 8,788 9.592 10,694 12,027 14,088 16,050 17,830 119,117

Dean of women 7,280 8,303 9,144 9,783 10,983 12,319 13,090 14,500

Dean of admissions

5.539 7,309 8,218 9,209 10.289 11,408 12,448 13,198

Registrar 7.880 8,838 9,572 10.384 11.445 12,993 14,280 15,773

Business manager

8.340 7,312 8,142 9,123 10,388 11,743 13,108 14,443

Chief librarian

8,538 9,405 10.512 11,780 14,914 17,615 19,019 21,039

Director of public relations

7.078 8,183 8,883 10,225 11,817 13,439 14,891 16417

Director of athknim 7,194 7,689 8,440 9,595 10,823 12,784 14,652 15.523

Reed football coach 8,104 8,930 9,871 11,125 12,470 14,311 18,821 17,815

Reed basketball coach

7.824 8,554 9321 10,718 11,488 13.395 14,591 18,159 6,888 7,700 8,542 9,383 10.485 11,779 13,208 14,700

t Median for "student personnel services vice president or director."

NOS.-Wanes of instructional staff ere for 9 months of full time teaching;

salaries of adminbtrative off tears are usually for 11 or 12 months of service.

SOURCES: WORM Education Association. Research Report 1973.23, Economic Salim of Ow Midas *Onion, 1972- TS; end Research Memo 19741, ,6sinnmey of Make Fold In liquor educoNon, 5973-7A (Copyright 0 1973 end 1074. meistatantlY. by as Nationet Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 107. - Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of alrolatent: United States, fal11973

Control of institution end

site of enrollment

All institutions -

Universities AB other

4.yeer institutions 2.yeer institutions

Number Enrollment Number Enrollment . -

Number

-s. Enrolknent Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5

, 6 7 e 9

Public and privets institutions 2,885 9414450 3.048,894 1,842 3,800.379 984

... 2.626.787 Under 200 282 28.947 0 0 190 19,889 72 9,058 200 to 499 387 130,019 0 0 215 78,209 152 83.810 500 to 999 542 398,178 0 0 386 288.811 178 127,387 1,000 to 2.499 880 1.082.699 1 1,985 409 6374.6 270 423,987 2,500 to 4,999

MOO to 9499 328

269 1,841,726

1,181,428 10 40,410 175 811,911 143 809,107 48 371,133 120 836,034 93 834,559 10,000 to 19.999 149 2,093494 48 703,222 52 872,172 81 718,600 20,000 to 29.999 44 1,014,980 27 220,045 11 252,302 6 142,480 30,000 or more 34 1,488420 29 1411,878 4 128,025 1 47,119 Public institutions . 1,182 7,059.574 94 2,342.439

A 9% 2.174,571 733

.. 2,562,584

10 1,483 0 0 4

-. 483 5 979

Under 200

200 to 499 60 23.095 0 0 8 2600 52 30,285 500 to 99P 199 119603 0 0 21 17,241 138 102,882 1.000 to 2,499 314 811,792 0 0 68 115,193 248 3913.599 2,500 to 4,999 233 836611 0 0 94 341.181 139 494,330 8,000 to 9.999 208 1,453,452 15 123,701 99 700.261 92 829,800 10,000 to 19,999 129 1,808,344 30 488,849 48 619,096 51 718 600 20.000 to 29,999

30400 or more

39

33 1,420,783

897,233 22 502,450 11 262,302 6 14:A80 r

27 1,247439 4 128,025 1 41,119

1,483 2,145498 46 709458

, 1,197 1,3213,814 231 113,233

Privet* innitutions

Under 200 252 27,488 0 0 188 19.409 06 8.079 MO to 499 307 109,924 0 0 207 73,409 100 33,815 500 to 999 383 278,275 0 0 346 251,570 38 24.706 1400 to 2.499 386 580,905 1 1,988 343 521,833 22 27,088 2,500 to 4,999 98 325,917 10 40.410 81 270,730 4 14,777 5.000 to 9.999 53 388,374 31 247,432 21 135,783 1 5,059 10,000 to 19,999 20 287480 16 234,573 4 53.077 0 0

20,000 to 29,999 5 117,818 8 117,818 0 0 0 0

30400 or more 2 84,237 2 84,237 0 0 0 0

NOTE. - Includes students Mime proweins of scaly are creditable toward s bachelor's or higher degree end also students In 1, 2., or 3-yew undergraduate programs not creditable toward a bachelor's degree but designed for knmediete employment or to provide general education.

SOL iCE: U.S Department of Health. Education. and Weltare, National Center for I du cation Statistics, FaN Ovothnent lie Mt liveasion, !NM
Table 109. --Number of institutions of hither education. by typo. tona01. and State: 1979 74

State or other area

AU institutions Univeruties

All other 4ess

institutions Vyear insolidions

Total

Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Privet

1 a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Muted Mato 3,730 MOO 1.520 93 65 347 1211 780 243

51 30 21

... 2 0 to IS Is s Alabama . . .. . ..... Alaska .. . . .. ...... 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 u 1 Anions . . . . . . ... . . . 21 IS 6 2 0 1 a 13 1 Arkansas.. 19 8 11 1 0 5 8 2 3 Celsius me 221 117 104 1 4 21 91 95 9

Colorado 33 21 t.' 2 I 7 II 12 0

Connecticut 48 21 25 1 1 4 19 16 5

3 Delaware .. ....... 7 3 4 1 0 I I I District or C olumhta . . . I. 3 14 0 5 2 7 1 2

Florida 88 37 29 3 1 6 23 28 5

Georgia 82 31 31 1 1 IS 22 15 e Hawaii ..... . . . .. . . .. 13 9 4 1 0 I 4 7 0

Idaho

Illinois

9

137 6

50

3

87

13

0

5

3

I

2

72

2

40

1 10

Indiana 45 5 39 4 2 0 33 2 4

Iowa 55 18 37 2 1 1 30 IS 6

Kansas . .. 52 28 24 3 0 4 20 21 4

Kentucky 38 8 28 2 0 6 21 0 7 Louisiana 23 12 11 1 2 9 9 2 0 Marne 18 4 14 I 0 1 13 2 1 Maryland 47 25 22 1 1 8 18 IS 3

Massachusetts 118 31 87 1 7 13 54 17 36

Michigan 88 42 48 3 1 10 39 29 8

Minnesota 57 38 31 1 0 7 27 18 4

Mississippi 42 24 le 2 0 a I1 18 7 Miaow' 73 22 51 1 2 9 43 12 6

Montana 12 9 3 2 0 4 3 3 0

Nebraska 27 13 14 1 1 4 12 a 1 Nevada 5 5 I 1 0 1 1 3 0

New Hampshire 25 10 15 1 0 2 12 7 3

New Maw 81 28 33 1 2 II 23 IS 8

0

New Mexico 11 8 3 2 0 4 3 2

New York

North Carolina

259

99

80

58

179

43

2

1 122

34

0

133

28

44

58

34

120 North Dakota 12 9 ;I 2 0 4 3 3

Ohio 104 33 71 8 I a 82 20 8

Oklahoma 40 28 14 2 1 10 9 14 4

Oregon

Pennsylvania

40

148

20

32

20

114

2

3

145

15

17 100

1314

2

10

Rhoda Island 13 3 10 1 0 1 10 1 0

South Carolina 47 23 24 2 0 7 19 14 5

South Dakota 16 e 10 2 0 4 8 0 2

Tennessee

Texas

62

13E

19

81 43

55

16

14

5

28

34

45

12 80

8

s

Utah 13 9 4 2 1 2 1 8 2

Vermont 20 6 14 1 0 3 12 2 2

Virginia 70 38 34 3 0 10 28 23 6

0

Washington 43 31 12 2 0 4 12 25

West Virginia

Wisconsin

25

59

15

29

10 30

1

1 0

1 1012 8

28

4

16

2

10

Wyoming 8 8 0 1 0 0 0 7 U.S. Service Schools 7 7 0 0

-

0

___

7 0 0 0

16

,,===ig

8 a 1 o 7 3 1 Outlying mass

American Samoa I 1 0 0 0 0 0 I 0

Canai Zone

Guam

Puerto Rico

1

1 11

1

13

0

0

8

0

0

I 0

0

0

I1

1 0

0

7 0

o

1 0

1 Virgin Islands 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Trust Territory of the

Pacific Mends 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 I 0

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Resod, Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, Higher Schication Education Directory, 1973 74.
Trends in the Number of institutions of

Higher Education

Between 1953-54 and 1973-74, the number of

colleges, universities, and putfinsional schools listed

in the Office of Education's Education Directory:

Higher Education increased from 1,845 to 2,720. The

net increase of 875 institutions included almost 500

2-year institutions and nearly 400 4-year colleges and

universities. The number of 2-year institutions nearly

doubled over the 20-year period, while the 4-year

colleges and universities increased by more than

one-fourth.

The last two decades have seen an upsurge in the

relative importance of public higher education.

Twenty years ago public institutions enrolled slightly

more than one-half of all college students. Today

more than three-fourths of the students are attending

these institutions. The number of public institutions

has increased by 557 since 1953-54, while private

colleges and universities rose by 318. About

56 percent of the colleges and universities at the

present time are private, but they tend to be

substantially smaller than their publicly controlled

counterparts.

Another major trend in higher education today is

the trend toward coeducation. As the accompanying

INSTITUTIONS

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000

chart suggests, the number of single-sex institutions

reached a peak in the mid-1960's (there were 236

colleges for men and 281 for women in 1965-66)

and has subsequently declined very substantially.

Today there are only 127 men's colleges and 142

women's colleges in the country. They tend to be

small, privately controlled institutions, and many of

them are affiliated with a religious group. There are

only 11 publicly controlled, single-sex institutions in

the country today. Five of these are service academies

operated by the Federal Government. The remaining

six are State institutions, four for men and two for

women.

For more detailed information on the

characteristics of institutions of higher education, the

reader may wish to consult the Education Directory:

Zither Education, The 1973-74 edition of this

annual publication is available for $5.30 from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 13.Number of institutions of higher education for men, for women, and

coeducational: United Statee,190344 to 1973-74

Institutions for women

2 500

" 2.000

1ollstUlicos for nun

195344 195748 198102 19E1549 NOT!, Oete MO 'or 50 states and the District of Columbia for all years.

SOURCE: U.S. Oetwohnent of Health. Education. end Welton. Office of Education, Education Elitactotv Huh., Education.

92

106

1989.70 1973.74

1,500

1,000

500
Table 109, Number of Institutions of highs, education, by highest level of offering, ten of students, and control of institution; United States 1973 74

of iota Ina anti

sea of students fades& I State

1 3

All ......

1:113 -it - 667 Cuedu.anonal 3 t01

Mtn only 127 5 4 Women only 142 0 2 Coastlines 1 9 0 0

2 but less sin

4 years beyond Soh school

Coeducatnmai

Men only . Women only

Coordinate" . 41.or 5.year baccalaureate dross

..:ooducational

Men only

Woman only

Coordinate" ......

Fiestprc,ossionai &woo . Coeducational

Men only . Women oi ly . . Coordinatx7 . Sister's dosses . ..... Coeducational

Men only

Welton only

Coordinate.' ........ Beyond master's but NU

than doctorate

Coeducational

Mon only

Wilms only .

Coorthisate3

Doctorate

Coeducational

Men only

Women only ............ Coordmato3

151:14ren-Unnhts." .,1.011.1 954

11a

753 628

268

00

0a

2670

0

61 50

796

0

00

sa

30

0

78 57 0

21 0

0 0

0 0

4

4

0

0

0

434 0 138 387 0 138

27 0 0

19 0 0

1 109 0 88 99 0 67

20 0 0

333 2 140 317 2 139

104

2 0 0

1.111

NIPS Pi fate

Likol Icily.

county. ni 6111160

gONSidle

and WOO Stateanatorl

I memo:wont

dl relg taus

romp

RIPIgiou$ grout.

istotestans Catholic Othef

9 10 11 _al 122 all 41 .1 JUI1

..L._

3 671 47t t47 14 0 0 0 37 87 19 0 O 0 AO 10 43 1 0 0 0 4 1 297 204 0 138 73 30

297 204 0 10S 70 18 2 0 0 0 8 0 4 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

27 3

0 o

8 0

0

4 2

.0.............~govaiumikammois=100selamena

1 280 280 172 8

4 2 1 230 265

011..0.1.111 64 4

0

0

0

0

0

0

Is 2 35 1: 24 3

31 0 0 0 2 1 3 0

1 0 0 30 21 9 4 0 0 32 19 1 0 0 0 0 7 2 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

76 as 9

I I 0 134 74 38 3

0 0 0 8 1 14 6

0 0 0 14 1 4 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 11 5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

18 3

1 0

I 0

0 0

6 o

8 2 0 0

0 0

5 2 A

2 110 40 22 10

5

0

0

20

0

20

0

102 40

4 0

3 0

20 5

2 4

0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 1

I Includes 7 U.S Service Schools and Marken Indian Jumot College. 3 Institutions vath senses swims for men and for women.

Includes Jewish, Letteay Saints. Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and

Unitarian SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Cantor

for Education Statistics. 11141to edurotien: Eduroffon Directory, 1573 M.
Tubb 110, IWO d8W555 90011 rid by foittfutions of Moho ol000tioo, by foal of degree and by gaup II and 1811 ...1:

Mee

other wee

1. 1970-71 1971-711

eraltelor's

decree. Puss. potimonsi

deafen

.

Meter's

dorms

Doctor's

degmes -Woo 't

degrees

Pot

prefessiolud

dopes

Master's *DM Deetor's

Open

1 A

2 3 5 .3 7 0

Un to: Stem 839,730 $7 1,948 230,509 21,107 803.800 WOO 1150260 38.280

Magma 13.000 ala 2.561 $3 13,7110 490 3.190 Alaska ...... Among . 389 0 231 12 0 280 10 Maws 8.361 tit $.155 396 8.100 140 3.420 410 7.284 305 1.185 116 7,700 *40 1.390 tie Ceidonue /3.6,4 3,893 31,097 3,349 77,70 4.460 NAM 3.470

Colorado ..

Connection

..... . 12.401 502 3.571 658 13.000 510 3170 680

Pe loam

11,459

1,602

449

0

4.353

473 75 13,100

1.700

510

0

4.720

510

540

Monet of cohort,* 80

Ponds . . . . 5,997 1,844 4,833 516 0,200 1.7/0 GAN . 30.933 866 5,069 702 211.000 760 5.500 730

Oeofshe Rowan . . . 15,117

3,051

/69

0

4,541

1,104

456

18

15,000

3,100

980

0

4.930

1,200

470

Idaho . . 80

. ....... . 2,144

41,951

34

2.461 452

13,787

51

JOS 2,900

44.000

40

3.820

500

14,940

00

3,180 INDIUM 33.643 888 8.833 1,355 34200 990 9,380 1,410

........ 14,184 5912 3,266 703 15200 080 2,890 730

Kentucky

12.3130 387 3.849 387 13,000 440 LON 400

Lousiane ......... 13,459 844 1.785 190 13,100 970 /00

Mew. ........ 14,051 820 3,343 391 14,830 940 33.000 .630 410

kleytand

4,4132

12,624

50

tot

748

3,244

to

551

4,700

13,300

70

690

810

3,1320

30

510 Mesmchusetts

Mithisen

30.832 3,111 11,236 1,791 33,200 9.430 13,190 1180 38.792 1.481 13,281 1,793 38.700 1.690 14.390 1,080 /Annotate

Miniumpi 10,014 738 3.791 813 19,800 840 3220 840 8,816 195 1,856 225 9,300 220 1 900 330

Missouri

Montane

19,533

3.991

1,405

3$

6,009

693

1345 1. 20,600

4,200

Leto

40

6.520

140

610so Nebraska

farads

New flemoshire

9.870

1,283

4,328

402

0

0

1,374

260

598

223

19

54

10.400

1,300

4.600

460

0

0

1,490 280

650

230

to

60

New army 19,690 683 5,094 501 20.700 780 0.180 570 New Mexico 4,327 82 1,301 182 4.600 90 1,410 190 New York

North Wolin, 72,236 4.199 20,971 3.310 76,000 4800 32,1110 3.490 19,847 737 3,443 123 20.900 040 3,740 750 Noah Dekute 4,017 34 035 18 4,200 40 730 190

Ohio 44,325 1,730 9,782 1.419 46,600 1,080 10,590 1,470 Oklehome 12,486 352 2,868 487 13,100 400 3,140 490 Oregon 10189 489 3,251 494 10,600 5410 3.630 510 Pefinsylmnia

Rhode blend

50.074

5,107

2,388

0

12,434

1.301 1136

207

62,700

5,403

3,70

0

13.490

1,420

1.700

no

South Quoins. 8.039 278 1,093 125 8.500 320 1,180 130 South Dakota 4.798 58 888 52 5,000 70 940 50 Tenamme 16.575 888 3,236 484 17,400 990 3.610 900 Twin 43.329 2,112 9,803 1.399 45,800 2,430 10.420 1.410 Uteh 9,363 168 2,018 394 0.800 190 2,190 410

Vermont 3,045 46 704 as 3,200 50 780 30 Virginb 14,782 808 3.174 372 1500 920 3,440 390 Washington

West Engine

16.558 387 3,427 874 9,400 440 3,720 800 7,901 184 1,265 102 8.300 210 1270 110 Wisconsin

Womb RI

22,700

1,315

614 4,815

329

960

88

23,900

1,400

700

40

5.220

360

1,000

90

U.S. Service Schools 2287 0 958 19 3,000 0 1,040 20

5,350 330 97, 6,300 300

A 1,000 10 0113134n0 craw CAW Zone

Gum

7 97 O0

0

8$ 00

121 100

0

0

0

70 0

0 Puerto Rico 6.228 330 014 6 8,600 380 900 10 Virgin Wends 48 0 0 0 100 0 0 0

I U.S. tomb are orelimlnwy date hounded!. Stem end Vie figures are estimated.

Lem then 50. SOURCES: U.S. Department of 'faith. education. *no Welfare. National Canter

for Education Sunistka. aim* °awn ConArm4 7970 -71: and eglifnlarli of

the National Ceram for education Statistics

40
Table 111.Bich slo", master% sod dootoes dogmas =Mood by in tituticas of Watt **viatica.

by ID of student and by field of study: United Ststos, 1970-.71 ...

Mew tee of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 6 years

Seconders's! (mesas's)

degrees

. Doctor's degrees

(PhD.. Ed.13.. etc.)

....--.

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total flan Women

2 3 4 5 8 7 8 a 10

AB fields 639,730 478,694 364.136 230409 138.146 92.363 32.107 27.530 4.577

Agriculture end newel resource 12.672 12,138 636 2.457 2.313 144 1.086 1.065 31

Agricuiture. general 1.491 1.445 48 123 122

Agronomy 823 812 11 293 293 10 169 165 4

Soils stenos 212 207 6 87 84 3 89 84 5

Animal science 2.445 2.232 223 344 318 28 145 140 6

Dairy science 245 237 8 54 62 2 30 30 .. . . Poultry science DO 79 1 so 45 5 27 27 .... Fish, geme, end wildlife management 938 916 20 151 144 7 43 42 1 Horticulture 386 347 38 161 147 14 . 78 73 3

Ornamental horticulture 200 178 24 10 9 1 2

Agneatural end farm management 213 210

Agncultuna economies .175 1.168 10 417 403 14 212 209 3

Agnculturel business 883 868 18 6

Food science end technology 333 280 47 188 165 33. 119 110 9

Forestry 1.826 1.804 22 291 282 9 92 92 .... Natural resources management 424 396 28 76 74 2 16 16 . . . Agriculture and forestry technologies 164 154 .... 18 18 .... 8 8 . .. Range management 136 134 2 27 27 .. . 18 15 .. .. Other 711 681 30 184 147 17 43 42 1 Architecture end environmental desIgn 5.570 4,906 684 1.705 1A69 238 36 33 3

Environmental design, general 568 404 164 58 42 16 2 . . 2

Architecture 3A59 3.284 176 626 678 47 6 i ....

Interior design 314 82 232 6 2

Landscape architecture 505 474 31 107 99 8 1 Urban architecture . ... .... .... 60 54 8 3 2 i

City. community. and regional planning 229 204 25 810 658 152 23 23 .... Other 496 458 37 39 36 3 1 1 .. .. Arell studies 2.492 1,174 1,318 1,007 818 389 144 120 24

Asian studies, general 162 83 79 100 68 32 6 5 1 Ent Asian studies 42 18 24 87 85 22 s 7 1 South Asian (India. etc I studies 26 16 10 18 11 7 3

Southeast Asian studies 10 s 5 8 8

African studies 13 5 8 67 40 27 2

Islamic studies 3 1

1

fitosion end Seek studies 136 73 83 49 29 20 4

Lean Anierican steles 280 148 132 148 78 70 3

Middle Eastern studies 4 2 2 8

European studies. general 81 31 Eastern Ewopean studies 20 17 t 3

West European studies 28 11 15 8 4

American steles 1.468 830 838 231 108 126 87 49 18

Pedfle wee studies 1 Other 282 133 119 GM 206 ft 50 46 4

Biological seems 36.743 25,333 10,410 5.728 3.805 1923 . 3.645 3.060 896

iliolo ay. general 26,294 18.263 8.041 2.665 1,748 919 638 405 131

Soma. Fowl 546 349 197 311 212 99 223 195 38

BecterlologY 383 210 143 74 47 27 42 all 8

Plant istalcologif 16 13 2 so 69 21 105 100 6

Wont ShYsioloGV 7 6 1 28 19 9 37 34 3

Zoology, general 6.310 4,314 1.068 691 451 240 418 346 72

Pathology, human and aninte ... .... .... 85 54 11 58 WI 6

Plammeoloay. human and animal 1 1 .. 76 es 17 161 141 20

inersioto)y, human and enirnel 177 146 32 148 116 32 245 ael 4 t

Microbtolway 1.122 698 526 382 224 158 323 264 69

Amatoeny 6 4 1 112 73 39 149 126 23

Histol097 1 1 . .. 1 1 . . Bloetemistry 668 430 135 251 152 99 617 436 81

Biophysics . 53 34 19 39 31 8 101 87 14

Molecuter biology se 49 17 6 4 2 32 25 7

Cell biology 29 17 12 6 1 6 16 10 6

Marine b i o l o g y 8 2 6 0 2 46 4 0 6 12 12 .. .. Biometrics and biostecisties 8 4 4 44 31 13 24 20 4

Ecology as 78 18 21 16 s 17 15 2

Entomology 154 147 17 188 161 27 215 302 13

Genetics 48 22 24 88 51 37 128 109 19

Reliobiology . . .. .... .... 26 19 6 13 11 2

Nutrition. scientific 39 14 24 103 23 V 42 32 10

Neuroscience 22 18 8 2 2 8 7 1 Toxicology .... .... .... 9 4 5 9 4 t

Embryology ... .i .... 1 1 Other jai 651 120 6 we ifs 38

Business and menage rent 116.627 105.060 10,467 14.544 26,606 1.038 810 787 23

Business end commerce, general 30,187 27,208 2,979 8,693 8,318 377 190 188 2

Accounting 22,099 20,036 2,083 1,097 994 103 61 59 3

Business stealing 198 171 27 104 97 7 7 Renting and 'Weise 8,922 5,767 165 1,781 1.741 40 23 23 . Investment end securities 183 174 9 47 44 3 2

SOURCE: U.B. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Lamed Owvis C0011,10: 1970 n.

95

109
Table 111. - Bachelor's, master% and domes degrees confuted by Institutionsof higher education.

by sex of student end by field of study: United States. 1970-71 - Continued

maior hold of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 5 years

Secondlovel frostier's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D.. Ed D.. etc.)

total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men

,..---..

Women

1 2

... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Business management end administration 28,028 26,096 1,932

4 9.571 9,253 318 306 296 10

Operations research 138 129 7 604 478 28 80 48 2

Hotel end restaurant management 616 568 48 18 17 1 Mahatma and purchasing 15,985 14.698 1.289 1,383 1,328 se 15 26 . . . . transportation and public utilities 882 858 8 83 3

Real estate 420 404 18 40 3

insurance 478 464 14 18 18 . 3

International business 220 202 18 245 235 1.0 6

Secretarial studies 1,323

Personnel management 1,205 1.116 89 296 288 8 3

Labor and industrial ',lotions 1,148 1,094 64 300 294 18 25 24 1 Business economics 2.179 2,051 129 241 225 17 86 62 4 Other 4,538 4,204 334 2.142 2,090 52 37 38 1 Communications 10$02 6,989 3,813 1,888 1.214 642 146 126 19 Communications, general 1,734 1,068 888 518 314 204 93 78 15 Journalism 5.144 2,883 2,281 853 588 295 15 13 2 Radio/television 1,889 1,581 339 195 143 92 5 Advertising 1.194 882 312 94 73 Communication media 478 330 149 86 se Other 363 285 88 110 70 40 32 30 2 Computer and information sciences 2,388 2,084 324 1,588 1,424 184 128 125 3 Computer and information sciences,

general 1.624 1,388 238 1.131 988 143 110 107 3

Information sciences and systems 177 148 31 143 130 13 11 11 .. . . Data processing 409 380 49 171 188 Computer progi.vring 32 32 . .. 5

Systems analysis 88 87 1 88 88 i 6 Other se 51 7 50 49 1 1 Education 176,571 48,089 131,482 88.718 38.899 49,817 6,398 5,043 1,355 Education, general 2.026 383 1.843 12.867 5,458 7,409 1.598 1.272 328 Elementary education. general 90,432 8,090 82,342 17$70 3.123 13,947 219 1111 103 Secondary education, general 3,649 1,629 2,020 5,422 2$37 2.486 212 170 42 Junior high school education 721 280 481 134 67 97 2 1 1 Higher education. general 8 6 . .. . 308 145 183 274 233 41 Junior and community college education 1 1 . ... 91 BS 38 6 5 1 Adult and continuing education 12 7 5 239 141 98 45 35 10 Special education, general 2,320 3 1,979 3,051 846 2,208 114 77 37 Administration of special education . . . . . . . . .. . 106 40 es 9 6 3 Education of the mentally retarded 2,640 375 2,285 935 287 868 18 13 6 Education of the gifted 12 1 11 28 7 Education of the deaf 239 11 228 208 40 1138 4 2 2 Education of the culturally

disadvantaged 3 1 2 115 es Education of the visually handicapped 78 4 74 97 25 72 2 1 1 Speech correction 2,358 284 2,074 572 78 494 40 30 10 Education of the emotionally disturbed 347 58 291 378 91 287 14 9 5 Remedial education . . . . . . . . . .. . 87 17 Special learning disabilities 125 9 116 179 37 142 2 Education of the Physically handicapped 149 17 132 150 32 118 Education of the multiply handicapped 83 4 es 60 12 Social foundations 180 110 70 534 304 230 129 Se 31 Educational psychology 307 198 109 1,288 612 674 382 274 88 Preoiemetary education 3,406 47 3,358 533 34 499 9 2 7 Educational Oltenia and research

Educational testing, evaluation, and

3 . . . 3 61 34 27 BB 45 13

measurement

Student personnel

. . . . . . . . 222 109 118 30 24 6

7 3 4 13,335 6,589 6,746 558 440 116 Educational administration 5 4 1 7,702 6,127 1,575 957 875 82 Educational supervision . . . . . . . . .. 707 333 374 71 82 9 Curriculum and instruction 113 81 216 2,281 887 1,374 458 341 117 Reading education 9 1 8 2.789 299 2,490 61 31 30 Art education

Music education

5,661 1,598 4,083 998 334 864 53 37 16

Mathematics education

7,264 3,084 4,200 1,564 837 727 109 95 14 2,217 1,078 1,139 782 429 353 49 34 16 Science education 891 479 412 883 540 343 91 78 15 Physical education 24,732 15,177 9,555 4,410 3,032 1,378 283 214 69 Driver and safety education 132 89 33 171 146 25 2 1 1 Health education

liminess, commerce, and distributive

education

Industrial arts, vocational and

1,089

8,550

447

2.627

642

5.923

405

1,924

109

777

206

1,147

51 82

43

56

8

28

technical education 7,071 6,988 108 2,099 1988 111 106 100 6 Agricultural education

Education of exceptional children, 1,398 1,384 14 447 428 21 43 42 1 not classified above 28 3 23 112 28 ee 4 3 1 lame economics education

Suring education 6,449 94 6,355 802 77 725 28 1 27

)tier 603 13 580 330 13 317 28 1 27

ginearing 1.195 238 957 2,272 1,279 993 219 178 43

Engineering. general

kerospaoe. aeronautical, astronautical

50,048

2,864

49,646

2,829

400

38

18,443

813

16,258

804

185

9

s,038

219

3,615

216

23

3

qpicultural engineering

engineering 2,443 2,428 17 717 711 8 217 214 3 504 903 1 135 134 1 65 55 . . . . _ .__ _

: unent of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Earned Dairies Conpred: 3970- 71.
Table 111.-Bacheioes, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of Wiper education.

by sex of student end by field of study: United States, 1070-71 - Continued

Major field of study

Bachelor's degrees

requl Mg 4 or 6 years

Second-level (master's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(PhD., Ed.() etc.)

Total Mon Women Total Man Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4

-. 5 6 7 a 9 10

Architectural engineering 272 288 4 31 29 2 3

81wmigineering and biomedical engineering 68 67 1 73 72 1 29 29 .. . . Chemical engineering 3,579 3.516 63 1,100 1,074 28 408 404 2

Petroleum engineering 292 281 1 100 99 1 17 17 .... Civil, construction. and transportation

engineering 8,528 6.474 52 2,425 2,397 38 448 443 3

Electrical, electronics, communications

engineering 12,198 12,122 78 4,282 4.262 30 879 878 3

Mechanical engineering 8,858 8,817 41 2,237 2,232 5 438 43E1 ... . Geological engineering 123 122 1 39 9

Geophysical engineering 28 26 . . . 7 1

Industrial and management engineering 3,171 3,152 i9 1,921 1,698 23 139 138 3

Metallurgical engineering 623 617 6 273 272 1 148 147 1 Materiels engineering 78 73 3 124 118 6 78 77 1 Ceramic engineering 178 174 4 39 25 25 .... Textile engineering 212 211 1 32 31 1 1 Mining and mineral engineering 158 187 1 68 88 . . . . 43 43 .... Engineering physics 373 368 5 65 63 2 28 25 1 Nuclear engineering 250 248 4 329 327 2 120 120 ... . Engineering mechanics 260 258 2 264 282 2 148 147 1 Environmental and sanitary engineering 54 62 2 238 224 14 49 49 .... Navel architecture and marine engineering 418 415 1 71 71 ... . 13 13 .... Ocean engineering 64 64 . 62 1 Engineering technologies 5,148 5,106 42 134 134 ... . 1 Other 1,310 1,292 18 876 851 26 127 125 2

Fine end applied arts 30,394 12,258 18,138 6,875 3,510 3,185 821 483 138

Pine arts, general 3,695 1,272 2,323 558 268 288 28 21 7 Art 10,688 3,920 6,768 1,690 960 730 6 3 3

An history and appreciation 1.709 333 1,376 283 92 171 48 24 22

Music (performing, composition, theory) 3,318 1,559 1,769 1,713 878 835 200 164 38

Music (liberal arts program) 2,648 1,124 1,524 623 382 271 88 73 13

Music history and appreciation 98 43 53 99 47 52 40 38 4

Dramatic arts 3,675 1,881 2,014 1,039 549 490 122 100 22

Dance 297 23 274 78 10 88 1 . . . . 1 Applied design 2,048 916 1,132 120 82 38 2 1 1 Cinematography 70 58 12 28 24 2

Photography 477 401 78 57 50 7 . . .. .. .. Other 1,773 946 827 411 198 213 90 81 29

Foreign languages 19,945 6,028" 14,870 4,755 1,642 3,113 781 484 797

Foreign languages, general 607 219 388 444 171 273 122 87 59

French 7,308 1,140 6,166 1,437 331 1,108 192 103 89

German 2,801 982 1,639 890 298 394 144 95 49

Italian 201 55 146 87 28 89 10 5 5

Spanish 7,068 1,807 5,281 1,458 629 927 168 98 70

Russian 715 277 438 110 61 59 14 14 .... Chinese 89 43 46 22 10 12 8

Japanese 77 28 51 19 3 18 1 1 Latin 483 168 297 132 49 83 6

Greek, classical 104 es 39 21 10 11 18 11 7 Hebrew 203 129 74 19 17 2 4

Arabic 15 4 11 0 4 3 1

Indian (Asiatic) 1 1 3

Scandinavian languages 82 16 48 29 13 18 1 Slavic languages (other than Russian) 110 55 55 88 37 51 32 24 8

African languages InonSamiticl 2 . . 2 3 2 1 1 Other 321 41.0 211 192 89 103 54 43 11 Health professions 25,228 5,788 19,438 5,749 2,667 3,182 486 389 77

Health professions, general 230 140 90 46 26 20 12 11 1 Hospital and health care administration 60 56 4 498 438 60 14 14 .... Nursing 12,199 283 11,948 1,530 31 1,49 7 1 6

Dental specialties 5 5 .... 450 428 22 14 14 .... Medial specteldes 11 11 . . 128 108 23 43 29 14 Occupational therapy 883 28 837 51 8

Optometry 351 339 12 12 10 2 :'

Pharmacy 4,549 3,638 913 194 154 40 94 93 1 Physical therapy 1,252 257 995 73 19

Dental hygiene 531 2 529 24 .. - Public health 127 91 38 1,244 772 472 B6 88 19

Medical record librarianship 148 7 Podiatry or pediatric medicine ... . . ... . ... 6

Biomedical communication . . .. .. . . . ... 5

Veterinary medicine specialties 2 2 89 83 6 48 48 1 Speech pathology and audiology 1,427 178 1,251 823 152 671 70 48 22

Chiropractic 2 2 . ... . ... .... ... . ... . .... .... Clinical social work 38 24 12 304 168 138 7 8 2

Medical laboratory technologies 3,097 388 2,711 45 13 32 4 3 1 Dental technologies 82 62 . ... .... .... ... . ... . .. .. ... . Radiate* technologies 48 29 19 32 23 9 10 10 . . . . Other 426 284 142 198 131 65 68 i 48 10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. anted Degrees ConfOrtid: 1970- 71.

97

111
Table 111.-Bsehalaes, muter's, and doctor's decrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by see of student and W field of study: United States, 1970-71 - Continued

Major field of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 5 years

Second4Ny.1('11ml)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D.. Ed.D.. etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men

_ .. Women

1 2 3 4 5 8

. 7 8 9 10

Home economics 11,167 301 10.866 1.452 88 1,384 123 48 76

Home economics, Om& 8.439 49 6,390 648 21 827 18 . . . . 18

Home decoration and home equipment 378 17 359 31 . . - 31 1 Clothing and textiles 1,821 13 1,508 123 2 121 8 . ... 8

Consumer economics end home management 232 13 219 58 2 56 5 1 4

Family relations and child development 1,667 41 1,826 296 45 251 65 34 21

Foods end nutrition 981 19 982 231 10 221 33 13 20

Institutional management and

cafeteria management 342 128 214 32 6 26 2

Other 609 21 698 33 2 31 1 . . - 1 Law 545 518 27 956 909 46 20 20 . . . . Lew. general 636 509 27 922 880 42 20 20 . . . . Other 9 9 . . - 33 29

Letters 73,122 28,546 44,576 12,710 6,407 7,303 2,416 1,849 iii

English. general 51,562 17,002 34,660 7,610 2.852 4,558 1208 708 300

Literature, English 4,641 1,699 2,942 885 385 520 274 190 84

Comparative liters ire 428 150 278 246 85 160 96 88 28

Classics 341 177 184 110 61 59 57 49 8

Linguistics 250 83 187 352 173 179 150 113 37

Speech, debate, and forensic science 8,970 2.983 3887 1,715 700 1,015 235 180 55

Creative writing 154 72 82 185 132 53 6

Teaching of English as a fomitll44911401 43 5 38 238 78 158 5 2 3

Philosophy 5,785 4.620 1,165 598 449 149 394 358 36

Religious studies 2,381 1,508 855 728 445 283 180 152 8

Other 887 349 338 148 77 69 31 23 8

Library science 1,013 81 932 7201 1,311 8,690 39 29 11 Library science, general 978 80 898 6,959 1,296 5,563 38 26 9

Other 35 1 34 42 15 27 4 2 2

Mathematics 24.801 15,369 9,432 5,191 3,673 1,618 1,199 1,106 93

Mathematics, general 24,253 14,951 9,302 4,499 3.132 1,367 971 890 81

Statistics, mathemeticel and theoretical 214 160 54 495 386 99 186 173 12

Applied mathematics 248 201 47 132 115 17 43 43 .. . . Other 88 57 29 65 30 35 Military Oen= 357 356 1 2

Military sciences (Army) 86

Naval science (Navy, Marines) 44

Aerospace science (Air Force) 22 21 Other

Physical sciences 21,412 18,459 2,953 6,36; 5221 .949 4,390

. 4,144... . 246

Physical sciences. general 985 830 148 297 240 57 29 28 1 Physics, general 5.046 4,708 338 2,174 2,027 147 1,449 1,407 42

Molecular physics 3 3 . . . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . Ember physics 22 18 4 14 11 3 33 32 1 ChemistrY, general 11237 9,006 2,031 2,197 ' 1,733 464 1,952 1,798 154

Inorganic chemistry 14 10 4 6 4 1 20 21 5

Organic chemistry 9 7 2 26 14 12 58 53 6 Physical chemistry 1 14 8 8 48 41 5

Analytical! chemistry ... . . . . . . . . . 2 2 11 11 .. Pharmaceutical chemistry 2 31 28 9 68 62 4

Astronomy 102 94 9 100 88 12 76 69 7 Astrophysics 34 33 1 8 6 2 24 23 1 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology 249 245 4 153 149 4 61 81 .. . Geology 2,359 2,097 262 608 544 62 289 279 10 necchernistry 7 8 1 5 5 4 3 1 Geophysics and seismology 48 46 2 40 39 1 31 31 ... Earth sciences, general 667 659 108 282 227 35 25 24 1 Paleontology 3 3 9 7 2 7 6 1 Oceanography

Metallurgy

228 222 9 152 140 12 52 60 2

39 39 . .. 44 43 1 30 30 . . .. Other earth sciences 24 23 1 15 16 . . - 2 Other physical sciences 533 498 35 213 193 20 119 113 8 Psycholoay 37.680 21,029 10,851 4,431 2,783 1,848 1,782 1,356 427 Psychology, general 37,219 20,682 16.537 3.227 2,063 MN 1.443 1,100 343 Experimental psychology 44 44 . . . eo 44 18 72 57 16 Clinical psychology 24 18 8 191 119 72 133 104 29 Psychology for counseling 21 14 7 499 288 213 20 16 4 Social psychology 78 33 46 37 25 12 51 33 18 Psychometrics

Industrial psychology

. . . . 42

. . . . 28

. . . . 14

7

21 2

19

5

2

2

6 4 1 Developmental psychology 8 . . 8 24 10 14 13 7 8 Physiological psychology 20 14 6 4 4 . - 4 2 2 Other 424 198 226 361 211 150 39 30 9 Public affairs and services 9220 4,723 4.497 8,260 4.274 3,986 178 135 43 Community services, general 233 77 156 72 64 8 2 Public adminiettation 426 372 63 1,406 1,255 151 38 33 3 Parks and recreation management 1.821 1,058 583 218 153 65 2 1 1 Social work and helping 1111ViCel 4.608 1,139 3.489 8,019 2,415 3.604 126 87 39 Law enforcement end conectIons 2,045 1.856 189 194 174 20 1

International public service 88 83 5 83 54 9 1 Other 200 138

a 62 288

A 159 129 10 10 .. .. SOURCE: U.S. DenertanInt of Hide% Education. and Wafers, National Come for Education Statistics, Sensed Dawn Confirred: 1970-71.

98

5 12
Table 111.Elaelieloel, master's, and doctors degrees confened by institutions of Meter educetion,

by sex of student end by field of study: United Roes, 1970-71 Continued

Major field of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 6 years

Second-level Insister's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D.. Ed.D.. etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total - Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Social sciences 155,326

i

98.145 57.181 16.501 11.798 .703 3.655 3,152 507

Social sciences, general 21,543 11,753 9,790 2,330 1.522 808 50 38 12

Anthropology 4,384 1,952 2,432 766 429 337 241 178 63

Archaeology 72 34 38 29 11 18 8 4 4

Economics 15,758 13,890 1,868 1,996 1.733 262 721 888 63

History 44.663 29.055 16.608 5.157 3 ,470 1.687 991 871 120

Geography 4.155 3,291 884 649 528 121 164 147 17

Political Warne and government 27,482 21,966 6,516 2,318 1,839 479 700 815 85

Sociology 33,283 13.810 19,653 1,808 1.131 677 574 455 119

Criminology 659 508 151 138 116 20 15 12 3

International relations 1,212 850 382 783 860 123 86 58 8

Afro-American (Wank culture) studies 80 47 33 17 13

American Indian cultural studies 2 1 1 1 .. . Mexican-American cultural studies 8 7 1 7 6

Urban studies 371 207 184 236 161

Demography 5 3 2 6 4 2 8 5 3

Other 1,869 971 698 283 175 88 121 101 20

Theology 3,744 2,727 1.017 2.710 2.049 681 312 306 6

rualogiest professions. general

Religious music

1,891

116

1,844

64

247

62

1,342

106

1,204

78

138

30

249

6

248

6

3

.... Biblical hinguages 24 23 1 18 10

Religious education 1,365 722 843 937 551 386 .34 31. 3

Other 348 274 74 307 208 99 23 23 .. . . Interdisciplinary Mau 13,787 9,824 3.943 1,708 1.106 600 91 77 14

General liberal arts and sciences 5,481 3,880 1,681 649 308 243 11 8 3

Biological and physical sciences 3,897 3.193 704 624 407 117 15 14 1 Humanities and social sciences 2,020 1,091 929 336 184 152 21 14 7

Engineering and other disciplines 178 174 4 24 22 2 17 17 . . . . Other 2.211 1.486 725 273 187 88 27 24 3

... - SOURCE: V.B. Ocipartrnent of Heald% Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, tamed Down Conferred: 1970-71.

571-802 0 - 75 8 99

113
Table 112. Bachelor's, master's. and devisor's degrees conferred by Institutionsof higher education, by sex of student and by field of study:

United States. 1971-72

Meier field of study

Bachelor's degrees mmmnri4m5yem Master's

degrees Doctors degrees

(Ph.D.. Ed.D.. etc.)

Total Men Women Total Mm Women Totes Men

- Women

1 2 .0 4 5 t. 7 8 9 10 All fields

.883,600 497,300 3111,300 250.080 148,100 101990 33.330 28.060 8.270

Agriculture end

miturairetoume

Architecture and en13.700 12.900 800 2.660 2.480 180 970 950 20

wronmentel design

Area studies 8,500

3,000

5,700 800 1.880 1,820 270 so 40 10 Biological sciences 1,800 1.600 1,080 840 410 160 130 90

Business and management 121,800

37.200 26.200 11,000 6.100 4,090 2.010 3.850 3.030 820 110.200 11900 29.980 28.760 1.200 900 880 20

Communications

Computer and information

12,400 8.000 4,400 2.200 1,440 780 110 go 20

Education memos 190.800

3,400 2.900 600 1,840 1,620 220 170 160 10 Engineering 49.400 141,400 97.740 41,650 66.090 7040 8.380 1960

F me end applied arts

50.300 49.800 500 16.660 16,370 280 3.660 3.640 20 33,800 13,800 20,200 7.540 4050 3,490 670 430 140

Foreign languages

Health professions 18,800 4,700 14,100 4.620 1.620 3,000 840 520 320

Home economics 28.600

12,000

6.900 21,800 7,120 3.080 4.040 440 360 80

Law 400 11.600 1.670 120 1,650 100 30 70

Letters 73.200

500 500 (11 620 580 40 40 40 (3) 29,300 43,900 12,710 8,380 7,930 2.680 1,890 700

Library science

Mathematics 1.000 100 900 7.380 1,480 5.900 70 40 30

Military sciences 23,700

TOO

14,400

200

9,300 6.190 3,660 1,640 1,130 1,040 90

Physical sciences

Psychology 20,400 17,300 3,100 6.160 5,280 890 4.090 3,820 270 43.000 23.100 19,900 5,290 3,260 2.030 1,880 1,410 470

Public affairs and services

Social sciences 157,600

12,500 6.600 5900 9,360 5.000 4,380 210 150 60

Theology 100.400 57,200 17,430 12.520 4910 4,080 3,480 600

_Interdisciplinary studies 15,300

3.900 2,800 1.100 2,760 2.110 WO 440 420 20 10.300 6,000 2,140 1,300 840 160 130 20

Less than 50.

2 Len then 6.

NOTE. -The subfields included in each of the broad fields shown above may be found in the preceding table.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center

for Education Steadies, preliminary date (rounded) from the survey of &Med Degree: Oenterred: 1971-72.

Table 113.Pirstprofessional degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education, by sex of student, control of institution, sod field of study: United States, 1970-71

Control of Institution

and fluid of study

Fint-inufassionai deems) Control Of institution

field Fint-professiond degrees'

Tote: Man Women

and of study

Toni Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Total, di institutions 37,948 35,544 2,402 Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) 1,098 1,018 82

Law (LL.B. or 1.D I 7.805 7.132 474 Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M D I 3.745 3.703 42 Theology (8.0.. M.Div.. or Rabbi) Medicine MD I 8.919 8,110 800 Other 93 62 31 Optometry (0.D.) 831 518 13 Osteopathy (0.0.) .... 472 461 11 Total, Private* controlled Institutions 21,807 20.433 1.374 Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or pediatric medicine

ID P.M.) 240 238 5 Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M 0 I 1,878 1,668 20

Medicine (MD I 3,828 3,429 398 Veterinary medicine (3.V.M.I 1.252 1.154 St) Optometry (0.1).1 349 344 s

Law (LL.B. or J.D.) 17.421 18.181 1.240 Osteopathy (0.0) 472 461 11 Theology 18.11. M.Dni.. or Fights') 5,055 4937 118 Podiatry (Pod.O. or D.P.I or pediatric medicine

Other 311 i45 68 (D.P.M.) 340 335 5

TotaL pubNoly controlled institution' 16.139 16,111 1,028 %monody medicine (D.V.M.) 154

16 Lew ILLS. or 1.0.) 9.815 949 ,0138 788 Dentistry ID.D.S. or D.M 0) 2.087 2.045 22 Theology (8.0.. M.Disi.. or Rabbi) 5,065 4.937 118 Medicine (M.D.) 5,093 4,682 411 Other 218 183 35 Optometry (0.0.) 182 174 8

Osteopathy (0.0 I

Podiatry (Pod.O. or D.P.) Of poi:aerie medicine

1

r

(D P.M.)

Includes degrees which require at least 8 years of college work for completion (Including at least 2 years of preprofessiond training).

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. Earned Dawes Conferred: 1970-71.
Year

Table 114. Number of firstprofessional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex: United States, 1949 50 to 1971 72

Watling (13 U s or tr M 01 Medicine IM.D.1 Law ILLS. or J.0.11

Number of mammon'

conferring

degrees

Downes conferred

Total Men Women

Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Dew ees conferred

Total Men Women Nunttrei of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred

Tote! Men Women

2 3 4 b 6 1 8

1948- 50 . 1950 -51. 1951 52 .

1952- 53 . 1953 54 . 1954 55 . . 1955 66

1958 57

1957 58 . 1958- 59

195 130 . . 1960 61

19131 -82 . 1982-83 ... 19133- 84 . . 1984 85

1985 66 . 1988-67 .

1987 88 . 1988- 69 ..

1989- 70 .

1970-71

1971-723

40

40

41

4142

42

42

43

43

43

45

48

48

46

48

45

4/

47

48

48

48

48

49

2.619

2.803

2.918

7.935

3.102

3 099

3.009

3.038

3,085

3.1511 3,247

3,265

3,183

3,189

3,1130

3,107

3,178

3,341

3,422

3,408

3,718

3,746

3,860

2.561 2.768

2,896

2,920

3,083

3,071

2.976

3.011 3.031 3,138

3.221 3,247

3.168

3,145

3,168

3,085

3,146

3,312

3,375

3,376

3.684

3,703

3,820

1836

23

1539

28

34

2734

14 28

18

17 24

12 22

32

29

47

3234

4240

7272

72 72

73

72

/3

75

75

78

79

7981

8182

81 84

83as 84

88

89

90

5.812

6.014

6.201

6.8813 8.112

7.014

6.810

6,744

6,818

6,825

7,032

6,940

7,138

7,231

7.303

7.304

7,873

7,723

7,944

8,025

8,314

8.919

9.260

6.028

5.583

5,871

8.326

6.377

6.683

6.464

6.397

8.469

6,457

8,849

8.749

8.831 8.878

8.832

7.170

7,159

7,318

7,415

7,615

8,110

8,420

9

545

330 360 335

331 348

347

347 368

387 330

389

400

426

472

603

884

828

810

899

809

830

10 12 13

128

131 127

131 132

134 134

134

134

133

134

138

134 138

140

146

147 150

8,209

8,282

8.794

9,394

9.868

9,240

9,429

9,384

9.884

10.679

11,583

13,248

14,683

16.454

17,053

14,816

17,421

21,760

7,921

7,974

8.525

9,122

9,599

9,010

9,182

9,091

9.582

10,372

11,216

12,778

14,112

16.805

16,373

14,115

18,181

20.280

288

288

289

272

257 230

247 273

302

307

387 470

551 649

880

801

1,240

1,500

Data Poor to 1954-55 are not shown because hey lack comparability with the

I igures for s Assquent years.

2 Preliminary data.

Table 115. Earned degrees conferred by 'malodors' of higher

education United States, 1889-70 to 1972-73

Year Earned degrees conferred

Alldinnees Bachelor's end first.

professional Master's except I mistprofessional!

Doctor's 2 3 4 5 1889-70 .

1879-80

1889-90

1899-1900

1909- 10

1919-20

1929-30

1939-40

1941-42

1943- 44

1945- 48

1947 -48

1949.50 .

1951-62

1963-54 ..

1955-58

1967 - -68 . 1959-80 . 1981 -62 .- 1983-61 .

1986-88

1987-88

;989-70

1970-71 . 1971- 722 1972-733

...

......

......

.....

9,372

13.829

18.703 39.375

39,755

53,518

139.752

218,621

213,491

141,682

157,349

317,807

498,881

401,203

358.808

378,973

438,979 470 704

514,323

1314,194 709,837 888.548

1.016.391 1.140,292

1210,280

1,295.100

9.371

12.898

15,839

27,410

37.199 48.622

122.484

188.500 185,348

125.863

138,174 271.019

432,05d

329,9813

290,825

303.812

382.554 392.440

417,848

499.1354 581.040 666,710

827.234

877,678

928.870

1,004,700

0

879

1.016

1,583

2,113 4.279

14,988

28,731

24,848

13,414

19,209 42.400

58.183

63.534

58.788

10,258

65,487

74,438

84,803

101.050

140,555

176,749

208,291

2.10,50) 250.080

256 300

se

149 382 443

615 2.299

3.290

3.497

2,305

1,868

4,188

6,420

7.683 8,995

a,903

8,938

9.829

11,822

14,490

18,237

23,089

29.868

32.107 33.330

34 100 Beginning in 1965-60 includes all mater's degrees. 2 ProliMirrin date.

I Estimated. NOTE. -8efpnamg in 1959-60, includes Alaska and He

SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education ðnics, Biennial Surrey of Edasation in Me United States:

Earned Degrees Confeweel: and unpublished date

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, tamed Degrees tautened; and unpublished data.

Table 116. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions

of hipper education, by level of degree: United States

and outlying areas, 1948 -49 to 1971-72

Year Alf

INEIhmednil degrees Bachelor's and first

engineering

degrees Master's dames'

Doctor's

degrees

1 2 3 4 5

1948-49 50.415 45,200 4.'98 417 1949-50 58,130 62.732 4.904 494 1950-61 47,636 41,893 5,156 588

1951 -62 35,013 30,288 4,141 586 1952-53 28.499 24,184 3,743 592 1953-54 27.003 22.236 4,177 590

1954-55 27,872 22,589 4,484 599 195558 31.840 28,306 4,724 610

1958-57 37,039 31,211 5,232 598 1957-58 41.787 35,332 5 788 847 1958- 59 45.801 38,134 8,753 714

1959-130 45,753 37,808 7.159 788

19130-61 44,980 35.860 8,177 943

1981- 82 44,851 34,735 8.909 1,207 1982-83 44,471 33,458 9.635 1,378

1983-84 47,746 35,228 10.827 1,693 1984-85 50.871 38,891 12,058 2.124

1965-613 51,795 36,816 13,877 2,303 1968-67 52.887 38,188 13,885 2.814 1987-69 55,734 37,814 15,188 2,932

1988-69 60,173 41,563 15.243 3.377 1989-70 64,050 44,772 15,597 3,881

1970-71 70.452 50.357 18,457 3.838 1971-722 71,000 50.600 18.700 3,700

Also includes other postgraduate predoctoral degrees.

2 Preliminary data.

SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare, National Canter

for Education Statistics, Engineering Degrees. 1965 -66: tamed Degrees alifferfed. end unpublished date.

101

115
Table 117.-0ot:ton degrees, confined by 80 51155 inititutions of higher education: 1001-82 to 1970-71

Institution Rank ado 3

Tule!.

1961-62

to 1970-71 1961-63 1962-63 1983-04 1964-65 1965-68 1968-67 1987-68 19613-69 1969-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Columbia University (N.Y 1 .. 1 6,804 649 517 602 616 631 750 796 823 816 705 University of California at

Berkeley 2 8.352 430 418 492 585 645 722 675 803 823 749 Unnermy of Wisconsin .. 3 8.308 435 428 458 531 645 627 720 749 900 915

University of Illinois 4 6.076 444 450 495 493 645 689 660 721 903 870 Harvard University (M0380 6 5,107 379 446 483 471 491 516 568 554 NB 612

University of Michigan . 8 5.094 364 379 403 384 439 476 648 627 686 809

Ohio Sten University . . .. 7 4,413 282 329 341 397 362 425 457 642 822 676

Michigan State Univeisity . 8 4,279 210 223 303 368 365 423 461 530 875 731 Stanford Univenity (Calif.) .. . . 9 4,226 261 278 301 382 403 498 481 527 605 562

New York University . .. .. 10 4,217 299 349 382 345 365 438 439 607 519 574 University of Mammon 11 4,208 276 314 318 366 396 408 489 484 546 613

Indiana University 12 4.110 234 268 322 342 393 384 448 547 581 623 Purdue University tInd.) 13 3,839 258 290 302 322 345 361 403 484 676 498 Urnversity of California at

Los Angeles 14 3,816 202 224 269 306 311 398 442 481 615 570 Cornell University (N.Y.) 15 3,572 261 212 269 312 318 358 406 431 494 531 Massachusetts Institute of

Technology 16 3.489 224 270 308 335 360 398 351 414 439 400

University of Teen 17 3,319 198 219 243 249 336 359 381 448 418 488

University of Chicago 1111.1 . 18 3.177 228 280 273 290 306 293 328 384 381 434 Yoe Urnwerty (Mani 19 2.860 224 231 283 395 6285 6285 278 316 348 346 Pennsylvania State University 20 2.743 167 202 201 232 258 268 278 344 379 436

University of Southern

California 21 2,702 142 169 176 305 241 281 341 322 393 493

Northwestern University 1111.1 . 22 2.698 166 198 198 236 241 279 298 320 360 404 University of Pennsylvania .... 23 2.693 154 184 212 246 251 262 265 368 373 378

University of Washington 24 2.625 142 161 182 228 262 286 290 332 342 432 University of Iowa 25 2.610 173 205 223 224 225 282 278 292 319 380

Iowa State University of

Science and Technology a 2,343 165 174 201 216 2013 248 253 271 296 311 University of Miuoun5 27 2,115 93 100 122 184 190 219 217 267 362 381 University of Maryland 28 2,108 Ice 110 118 177 166 205 241 285 350 339 Princeton University (N.J.) ... . 29 2.073 167 172 192 171 222 216 229 212 238 265 Case Western Reserve University 1010o)6 30 2,026 102 148 148 180 145 177 235 271 295 327

University of Floe& 31 2,018 121 99 129 159 185 216 244 TM 208 303

Univenity of Pittsburgh (Psi 32 1,900 139 137 135 168 169 181 186 181 315 326 University of North Corinna

ex CUMMINS 33 1,820 114 117 138 162 164 165 213 239 241 278

Rutgers, The State University

IN..L1 74 1.777 91 111 147 172 no 191 198 229 245 233

Florida State Univertity 35 1,734 so 84 81 126 131 182 207 233 288 314

University of Colorado 38 1,701 91 108 123 148 189 163 193 193 261 252

University of Oregon 37 1.659 66 70 93 124 152 172 203 348 273 280

University of Kansas 38 1661 78 92 07 128 139 160 as 233 268 280

Syracuse University (N.Y.) 39 1.621 80 00 1172 132 531 152 193 194 290 267

Jobe Napkins University Mt/ 40 1,615 113 103 119 136 141 148 219 201 223 212 University of °Mahone 41 1,5135 es 91 107 122 155 176 172 fl 245 224 Duke University (N.C.) 42 1,559 92 los 116 141 159 158 WI 164 223 220

Boston University (Mess.) 43 1.498 la 116 TIM 118 111 123 as 208 216 214

Catholic University of Americo

(O.0 ) 44 1,063 110 118 107 129 130 133 143 182 191 MO OliNhorns State University 45 1433 se 63 94 120 144 on fa ta 218 MB

University of Nebraska 48 1.410 69 91 101 99 536 171 ISO 165 213 222 University of Utsh 47 1,407 67 81 81 92 114 151 142 193 248 239 University of Tennis's ... 48 1.400 60 77 77 91 98 103 175 197 236 ' 2138 Louisiana State University 49 1,306 75 104 89 95 117 148 181 178 199 221 University of Rochester 10.'1.1 . 50 1,384 82 90 88 104 110 144 154 184 215 203

Wayne State University (Midi.) . 51 1.360 09 69 so 111 124 143 548 1617 190 208 TOMB A. ts M. University 62 1,283 so 45 73 96 130 138 1E0 177 318 215

SUN University of New York

at Buffalo 53 MN 33 37 155 72 100 114 134 218 348 249 University of Anions 54 1.249 40 44 63 99 115 154 139 137 214 245 Oregon Sate University 56 1.192 03 66 82 99 119 93 145 159 156 207

University of Virginia 58 1.152 62 se 73 $4 90 119 129 155 178 226 Unitienity of Northern

Colorado 67 1.144 78 71 81 78 101 100 191 137 147 160 University of Georgia se 1,124 23 41 61 56 92 135 118 as 197 250

North Caroline State University

at Raleigh 59 1,074 40 54 54 96 96 123 102 143 163 205 California Institute

of Technnopy 60 1.069 84 90 401 98 104 110 110 125 120 117

I Indio*, Ph.D.. Ed.0., and comparable degrees at the doctoral lova Excludes

fintrofessionsl degrees, such it M.O.. 0.13.8., and O.V.M.

2 Institutions ranked by total number of doctor's degrees conferred during the

10year period 1961-62 to 1970-71.

3 Includes degrees conferred by Radcliffe College.

a Estimated by the Office of Education.

5 Includes degrees conferred by the University of Kansas City, WW1 become

branch of the University of Missouri In 1963-64.

Indudes degrees conferred by Case Institute of Technology and Western

Reserve University prior to their merger in 1906 -67.

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welton. Office of

Education. 8411101 Dyne! C011fOred

102

11-6
Table 118. -Statistical profile of parsons receiving doctor's degrees,' by field of study: United Metes, 1972 -73

Item All

f 'olds Reid of study

Arts and

humanities

Education Engineer.

Mg

Life

oilman

Mahe.

maim

Plweicel sciences Profession.

at fields

ON. Social scenes

1 2 3 4 S 8 7 8 9 10 Doctor's degrees

confined 333.737 5.3P4 7248

yr 3.3311 8.068 1222 4.016 1,481 5.911

Sex laments):

Men 82.0 71.2 75.4 98.7 82.8 90.3 93.8 88.3 79.0

Women 18.0 28.8 24.6 1.3 17.2 9.7 6.4 13.7 21.0

Retie liahnis

group Isercenta :3

White, Caucasian 81.7 87.3 84.9 69.5 182 141 4781 86.6 84.8

Oriented flA 1.9 1.8 17.4 9.1 14) 41, 3.0 4.0

Black. Negro,

Afro American 2.7 1.7 6.7 1.0 2.4 141 41.0 2.1 1.8 SpennitAntencen,

Mexicen.American.

Chicano .8 1.1 .7 .5 12 14/ .4

Other .7 .7 .9 1.0 .8 141 4.6 .2 No usable response 7.7 7.3 5.3 10.7 8.3 483 7.8 8.1 Citizenship Isercenta:

United States 82.6 88.7 92.9 83.7 78.1 77.3 77.0 81.9 85.1 Foreign 15.3 8.9 5.4 34.9 r.I 20.8 21.3 14.5 13A

Unknown 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.8 2A

Manta status !percents):

Married 73.5 68.2 77.5 78.3 74.7 69.8 70.8 77.4 73A

Not married 23.1 28.1 19.6 21.1 21.9 26.8 28A 18.2 24.0

Unknown 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.6 3.4 3.4 32 4.4 3.0

Median age at doctorate

Iran) 31.3 32.0 36.5 30.4 30.1 29.1 29.1 332 30.5

Median time lapse from

bachelor's degree to

doctorate lyears) 8.4 9.2 12.5 7.7 7.2 8.8 6.7 10.0 7.7 Percent with bachelor's

degree In sense field

as doctorate 59.0 63.8 44.2 83.1 42.9 75.2 79.7 39.5 60.0

Postdoctoral study 'percents):

Fellowship 7.5 1.9 5.7 22.4 4.3 18.4 .7 4.1 Research antwiewship 6.0 .7 .5 7.1 11.8 3.4 23.8 2.0

Treineethip .6 .2 .3 .3 1.1 .3 .5 .3 .7 Other IA 1.9 1.0 3.7 1.4 1.8 .5 12

Postdoctoral employment

Ipacents):

advances! Institution 53.7 77.8 74.9 22.8 32.5 65.2 19.7 69.1 59.3

Industry. butanes 9.0 1.7 1.7 39.7 7.4 9.2 16.1 5.8 4.4

Government 8.3 1.8 8.4 12.8 9.5 8.1 8.9 6.7 11.5

Nonprofit orgenitation 3.3 1.8 3.6 2.5 2.5 .9 1.0 7.5 8.2

Other and unknown 3.9 4.2 4.3 aa 3.4 3.0 3.3 2.3 4.8

Postdoctoral status unknown 8.1 8.1 4.7 4.4 5.7 6.1 6.9 63 5.9

Pr14419f postdoctoral work

activity Imircants):

Reminds and development 21.4 3.1 8.8 81.3 39.9 27.8 60.9 8.5 17.2 Tessrating 51.4 83.6 45.7 20.2 38.7 61.9 32.1 66.0 54.3

Administration 10.2 2.5 29.3 2.9 3.5 .9 2.7 8.8 48

Prefestional services 8.4 1.7 10.7 6.0 8.9 2.7 3.7 9.3 168

Other 1.6 1.0 2.3 2.8 .7 2.1 1.3 1.3 Unknown .1 7.5 8.7 72 8.2 8.0 &6 6.1 6.2

I Includes Ph.D.. Ed.O.. end cornmeal' degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes

firetorolessional degrees, such as M.D., D.O.S. . and D.V.M.

3 Includes 99 digress in other or unaseelfnd fields not shown separately.

3 Bawd upon responses from 81 percent of the graduates.

4 Mothernstics is included under physical sciences.

NOTE.-The above classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that 14

most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics. The major

IV?

differences ars that history is included under arts and sciences rather than social

lames. and Pnichology is included under social 'alums. Because of rounding.

percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Somme*

Report 1973 Doctorate Recipients from flatted States Untversines.
Tense 119. -Male Whale graduate* in the population, by field of West degree: United States, March 1907

Field of Mohan degree Number On

thOusends)

Percent 10y.....Field of highest degree Number fin

thousands/

Percent

1 2 3 1 2 3

Total %WO 100.0 Humanities 379 8.0

English and journalism 174 2.7

Biological sciences 285 4.6 Speech and drama 31 0.5

Agriculture 138 2.1 Foreign languages and literature' .. 53 0.8

koology 18 0.2 Philosophy 47 0.7

Forestry 16 0.3 All other fine and applied arts! .. . 74 12

All other biological sciences' .. . 117 1.8

Law 406 8.4

Business and commerce 1.171 18.4 Physical sciences 533 8.4

Accounting 238 3.7 Mathematical subjects 124 2.0

All other business and commerce' 935 14.7 Chemistry 223 3.5

Physics 93 1.5

Education 976 16.4 Geology 38 0.6

Elementary education 24 0.4 All other physical sciences! 66 0.9

Educational administration 76 1.2

Industrial arts (educational) 37 0.6 Religion 142 2.2

Physical education 58 0.9 Theology 110 1.7

All other educationl 781 12.3 All other religion! 32 0.6

Engineering 1.000 15.7 Social sciences 678 10.7

Civil engineering 111 1.7 Psychology 95 1.6

Electrical engineering 173 2.7 Economics 174 2./

Mechanical engineering 188 3.0 History 158 2.6

All other engineering' 628 8.3 Political science 61 1.0

Sociology 55 0.9

Health professions 477 7.5 All other social sciences! 138 2.1 Dentistry (D.D.S. and D.M.D.) .. . 93 1.5

Medicine 151.D.)

Pharmacy

235

80

3.7

1.3

Other fields

Architecture

178

64

2.8

0.8

All other health professions! 69 1.1 All other .. 124 2.0

Not reposed 128 2.0

1 Includes not specified.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P -20 , No. 201.

Table 120 - Associate degrees contorted by institutions of higher educed:3m by sex of student

end by type of degree: United Stetes.1995-99 to 1970-71

Sex of student end type of degree 1985-88 1968-87 1867-438 1988-89 1869-70 1970 -71

1 2 3 4 6 8 7

All associate digress 111607 138.183 169,441 183979 206.523 252,610

A Men 63.779 78,356 90.317 105,881 117A32 144.395

Women 47.828 60.827 89.124 77.618 88,581 108.215

72,034 88.785

I 4IP. 101.289

II

113.709 ' 127.903 -

Associate In arts (1)

39.132 47.984 541472

i.-

Men 62.452 70.113 (1)

Women 32,902 40,801 48,797 51,257 57,790 (1) b I Associate in science 18,928 25,801 31.148 36.454 40.743 (3)

Men 11,472 15,434 19,252 22922 24.748 11/

Women 7,456 10.387 11,894 13,412

st.. 15,995 (1)

All other associate degrees 20,1345 24,E97 27.028 33,116 37.377 II)

Men 13,175 14,938 18,693 20.287 22671 111 Women 7.470 9.659 10,433 12,829 14,806 11)

Data not available.

NOTE.-Associate degrees are based on at least 2 but less

than 4 yews of work beyond high school. Except for the

years 1985-66 and 1970-71. respondents have been asked

to report only degrees which are based on at least 2 yews of

work that Is wholly or chiefly creditable toward a bachelor's

degree.

SOURCE: U.S. Depertnient of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Nation! Center for Education Statistics, Associate

Degrees and Other Formal Awn* Below the

Baccalaureate.

104
TOM 121. Foisted swamis band on organised occupational 011171011111418 at the technical or anderotossional

level in institutions of higher ideas*" by length and typo of 09,1601111mind by sat of recipient:

United States and outlying moo 197641

Curriculum All awards

Awards based on maniac,

ocoupetionsl currIculurra of

At least 2 years

but less than 4 years

At least 1 year

bit less than 2 yews

Total Men Women Total Men Women ital Men Women

2 3 4 6 6 7 IC

All curriculums 153,549 83,380 70,189 124,093 71,527 52,888 23,488 11.053 17.603

Science and angineenrigneNted curriculums . 87,728 50,882 38,8413 68,213 42.123 25.090 19.615 8.759 10,758

Mechanical and engineering technologies . . . . 37,437 38,915 sn 30.172 48,781 411 7.285 7.154 111 Mechanical engineering, general 2,580 2,5313 22 2.383 2,342 21 197 196 1 Aeronautical and aviation 2.173 2.154 19 1951 1937 14 222 217

Engineering graphics 2,917 2,857 60 2,355 2.313 42 562 544 18

Architectural drafting 1938 1,1385 53 1,891 1,849 42 247 238 11 Chemical 589 485 104 547 478 71 42 9 33

Automotive 4,041 4,037 4 2,820 2,816 4 1,221 11221 Diesel 721 712 9 559 650 9 182 182

Welding 1.097 1,090 7 475 478 822 815 7 Civil 1,837 1,1325 12 1,577 1.5135 12 60 60

Electronics and machine 7,851 7,828 25 7,001 13.979 22 850 847 3

Electromechanical 1,301 1,297 4 1,279 1.278 3 22 21 1

Industrial 1,657 1,837 20 1,28) 1,252 15 390 385 5

Textile 156 48 107 148 42 108 7 6

Instrumantedon 203 201 2 157 165 2 48 46

Mechanical 2,749 2,732 17 2.347 2.337 10 402 396 7 Nuclear 86 se 9 83 55 8 2 1 1 Construction and building 4229 4,215 14 2,551 2.541 10 1,878 1,874 4

All other mechanical engineering

technologies 1,854 1,520 34 11121 1.001 20 633 519 14 Neturelicience technologies 7.028 6.428 1.002 8,107 4.751 1,356 921 675 248

Natural science. general 483 173 472 305 187 184 178

Agriculture 2,870 2,608 282 2.734 2,487 241 138 121 15

Forestry and wildlife 1287 1279 8 867 949 8 130 130

Food services 693 482 231 455 343 112 238 119 119

Horns economics 872 75 797 781 81 700 111 14 97

Marine and oceanographic 183 168 15 175 188 15 8 8

Laboratory. general 144 84 60 144 84 60

Sanitation and public health impaction ... 145 130 15 80 74 6 135 58 9

All other natural science technologies 378 337 41 329 288 41 49 49

Health services and paramedical technologies 34,818 2,911 31.807 24.370 2.455 21,915 10.148 458 9,892

*- Health services assistant, general 268 28 230 48 9 37 212 19 193

Dental assistant 2,191 63 2.138 885 32 853 1,508 21 1,485

Dental hygiene 2.506 17 2,489 2.481 16 2.445 46 1 44

Dental laboratory 284 171 93 227 153 74 37 18 19

Medical or biological laboratory

essIstent 1.335 305 1,030 1,018 281 735 319 24 29 :i

Animal laboratory assistant 55 32 23 65 32 23

Rediologic 1,139 357 782 1272 333 739 87 24 43

Nursing. R.N. 14408 809 13.799 14,405 808 13.797 3 1 2

Nursing, practical 7,708 212 7,498 1.218 41 1.177 8.490 171 8.319

Occupational therapy 243 28 217 185 23 182 58 3 55

Surgical 244 40 204 70 28 44 174 14 160

Optical 81 73 8 81 73 8

Medical record 374 15 359 338 15 423 38 36

Medical assistant and medical

office assistant 1,268 80 1.178 552 61 491 704 19 885

Inhalation therapy 570 300 270 540 280 250 30 10 20

Psychiatric 834 205 429 555 172 383 79 33 48

Elect,* diagnostic 22 17 14 4 10 8 1 7

Institutional management 176 es 91 ss 40 IS 121 46 78

Physical therapy 239 43 196 228 42 188 11 1 10

All other health services and

paramediad technologies 815 255 580 587 204 383 248 51 197

Datprocassing technologies 8,745 5230 3.115 7,5134 5.158 2.408 1.181 474 707

Data processing, general 5,027 3.302 1.725 4.898 3.087 1911 329 216 114

Key Minch operator and other input

preparation 648 81 507 184 24 140 484 57 427

Computer programmer 2,149 1,554 598 1985 1,415 560 184 139 45

Computer operator and peripheral

equipment operation 387 188 199 210 130 80 177 se 119

Data processing equipment maintenance 431 428 2 431 429 2

All other date processing

technologies 103 78 27 96 71 25 7 2

105

119
Table 121. - format awards based on organised ocoullationti nurtieulenn at the technical or tolniProfersional

level In institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum end by sex of recipient:

United States and outlying areas, 1970-71 - Continued

Curriculum

1

awards

Awards based on organized

occupatio.ial curriculums ofA least 2 yews

but less than 4 years

At least 1 year

but less than 2 years

Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

3 4 6 7 8 9 10

32,498 33,323 55,880 29.404 28.478 9.941 3,094 8,847

23,457 27.580 43,671 22,087 21,604 7,488 1,390 6,078

7,991 3,017 10,395 7,781 2.815 812 210 402

3.581 1.710 4,829 3.414 1,415 472 177 295

218 58 252 207 45 20 9 11 6,888 2,571 8.649 6,217 2.432 588 449 . 139

279 18,255 12,190 238 11,952 4,344 41 4,303

78 1,184 498 22 478 784 55 708

518 61 529 488 41 48 28 20

527 201 723 522 201 S 5

487 25 431 420 11 81 67 14

894 222 847 844 203 89 50 19

238 es 282 203 69 82 35 27

1,355 1,843 2,924 1,312 1,812 74 43 31

819 549 1,041 599 442 327 220 107

9,041 5,743 12,309 7.337 4,972 2,475 1,704 771 102 176 212 92 120 es 10 55

340 404 604 306 299 140 35 106

689 3,287 3,3131 508 2,843 505 81 424

31 440 378 30 348 95 1 94

8.453 420 5,502 5,088 404 1,371 1,356 18

526 620 1,121 506 818 25 21 4

718 19 581 571 10 154 145

98 15 84 74 10 27 22 5

188 383 478 154 324 93 34 59

All

Total

2

Norman ice- and nonengineennwrelated

curriculums

Business and commerce technologies

Business end commrce. general

Accounting

Banking and finance

Marketing, distribution, Purchasing,

business, and industrial

management

Secretarial

Personal service

Photography

Communications and broadcasting

Printing and InhowaphY

Hotel and restaurant management

Transportation and public utility .....

Applied ans, groin arts,

and fine ans

All other businei and commerce

technologies

All other normalising- and nonengineering.

rotated curriculums

Public service related, general

Bible study or religion related

Education

Library assistant

Police, law enforcement,

corrections

Recreation and social work

related

Fire control

Public administration and

management

Other

65,821 1

51,047

11,008

5.301

272

9.237

1%534

1,262

577

728

512

918

324

2.998

1,388

14,784

277

744

3.856

471

8.873

1,148

735

111 571

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare.

Office of Education, Associate Degrees and Other Formal A wants

Below the Baccalaureate. I970-71.

106

1.20
Table tn.-Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by source of revenue: United States, 1971 -72

Amounts In thousands of dollars!

Source

Currant.fund revenue, by control of Institution

Public and private Public Private

Amount Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 7 Total elliteRt4tInd leVentin $26 134 259 100.0 17 79 784A2 1002 100.0 a

Educational and general revenue 20200,269 77.0 13612.699 6,5137270 72.0

Tuition anu fees from students 8.894.095 21.3 2,332.535 13,7 3.261.560 35.6

Federal Government 3,098,891 11.8 2.017.493 11.8 1.0E11.197 11.8 Unrestricted appropriations swam 2.5 542,562 3.2 119,638 12

For sponsored research 1.589.437 6.0 877,084 5.1 892,363 7.6

For other sponsored programs 887.284 3.3 597,847 3.8 269.408 2.9

Stets governments 7,120.982 27.1 6.969.897 402 151,085 1.7 Unrestricted appropriations 6,612.888 28.3 8.786.114 39.7 125,974 lA

For sponsored research 75,155 .3 64,428 .4 10,727 .1 For other sponsored programs 133.739 .5 119,355 .7 14.384

Local governments 991,034 3.8 944.771 8.5 48,284 .5 Unrestricted argroprlatIons 904,423 3A 901,941 5.3 2,482 Ill

For sponsored research 7,013 Its 3,254 Itl 3.759 Ill

For other sponsored programs 79,598 .3 39.578 .2 40.023 .4 480,805 1.8

r Endowment earnings 85.234 .3 425,572 4.6

P. iota gibe and grants 1,208,070 4.8 322.806 1.9 885,466 9.7

Unrestricted gifts 765.224 2.9 90.927 .5 674,297 7A

Philanthropic. research 112,789 .4 32,884 .2 79.926 .9

Other grants, research 161,130 .6 11.3.127 50.002 .6

Philanthropic, other programs

Other grants, other programs

48,466

120,481

.2

.6

16,309

79,378 .6

32.158

41,083

A

.4 Recovery of indirect costs 413,427 1.8 209,464 12 203.974 22

For sponsored research 340,875 1.3 168,007 1.0 174,689 12

For other sponsored Programs 72.750 .3 43,446 .3 29304 .3

fr Other aducadenal and general revenue 1392,953 4.9 760,709 4.5 532,254 52

3208,957 12.8

A

Auxiliary enterprise revenue 2,018,655 11.8 1390303 14.1 Student-aid gents 784590 2.9 416277 2.4 349314 3.8

Federal Government 382,058 1.5 139.584 1.4 143,512

State governments 118,288 .4 83,909 .5 32,357 A

Local governments 3,585 Ill 2,892 Ill 694 Ill

Private gifts and grants 148.012 69,938 A 78.070 .9

Endowment earning 80,142 .3 11.170 .1 68,97a .0

Other studentid grants 34,518 .1 8.916 .1 25,602 .3

Major service programs 1,950,442 7.5 1,033,140 6.0 927302 10.1 Federal funds for hospitals 28,434 .1 9.790 1 16.044 2

Other hospital revenue 980,431 3.7 608,854 3.8 371,777 4.1 Other major service program revenue: 953,5n 3.8 414.696 2A 538,882 5.8

.1. Lett then 0.05 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Canter

Revenue for federally funded research and development centers were reported for Education Statistics, Financial Stailaties of Insittutiont of Higher Education.

In this item. 1971-7z

NOTE. -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

11'721
Tab's 123.-Cuttenfund menu of institution of highat education ftatn

Suns and load g94071119.967 Waled to total 497renttund sovenue,

by gonad of Itedtudan and by Stater 1971-72

State

Publicly controlled

Institutions'

Privately controlled

instilutIonS

Amount (in

thousands

of dollars)

Percent of

total

currentfund

revenue

Amount Use

thousands

of Mere

Percent 01

total

currentfund ...1041 revenue 2 3

111, 4

Urribiel Stales 788.001A69 48.8 SWAN 2.5

Alabama 98.156 36.7 1.139 2.2 Alaska 21.745 00.4 401 6.1 Arleen* 115,388 48.6 250 2.8 Arkansas 54.381 42.7

California 1.204.159 53.3 4,392

Colorado 111,877 35.0 587 I. Connecticut 100.273 59.2 3.474 1.4 Delaware

District of Columbia ...

21,801

27.848

38.8

64.3 478 .2 Florida 234.162 50.1 3,872 2.1 Georgia 138.489 47.3 805 Hawaii 48.030 42.0 .. Idaho

Illinois

32.485

473.792

52.8

66.8 18.011 2.4 Indians 198.115 39.8 2.351 1.4

!ewe 114,886 39.8 218 .2 Kansas 101.932 43.2 10 I7) Kentucky 126.817 80.0 so .a Louisiana 121,817 63.7 425 .5

Maine 29.308 46.8 .1 Maryland 138.730 44.8 4,074 1.6 Massachusetts 140.884 60.7 3,952 .4

Michigan 392.036 41.8 791 .6

Minnesota 152,745 39.7 815 .8

Mississippi 80.787 42.1 Missouri 181.585 51.1 877 .3 Montana 31.243 44.0 22 .4 Netwaske 58.411 39.3 166 .4 Nevada 19.203 51.8

New Hampshire 16,340 31.0 .0. New Jersey 196.970 87.2 4,901 2.3 New Mexico 45,842 37.1 89 1.0 New York 837,398 69.0 125,304 7.6 North Caroline 198,486 44.9 1.124 .4 North Dakota 25,973 35.3 .1 Ohio 281.733 33.3 6.539 1.7 Oklahoma 74,111 31.7 108 .3 Oregon 97,720 38.9 822 1.4 Pennsylvania 300 .428 41.1 36.778 5.1

Rhode Island 29.894 47.1 282 .3

$outh Caroline 78.434 43.7 107 .2

South Dakota 20.087 27.8 41 .2 Tennessee 117.099 45.4 527 .3 Texas 422,827 80.1 4.304 1.8 Utah 53.033 32.8 305 .4 Vermont 13,925 27.6 178 .4 Virginia 138,280 37.4 17) Washington 185.393 49.4 182 .3 West Virginia 62.478 84.7 162 Wisconsin 282,815 3.082 2.9 Wyoming 20.341 al 1 .a Excludes U.S. service Schools.

2 Lass than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.-Secause of rounding, details may not odd to totals.

SOURCE: U.S Department of Hoalth. Education. and Welfare, National Conies

for Education Statistics. Financial Stailases of Hither Education. 1971- 72.
Table 124. -Ctorentfund revenue of Institutions of higher Edmiston, by cannot of Institution and by State: 1970 -71 and 1971 -72

(Amounts in thousands of dollars)

State Or

tither area

1970 71 1971-72 f ercent change.

1970-71 to 1971-72

Total Public Privets Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 is 5 6 7 8 9 .0

United States 6113.814.188 815.538285 68253.303 876.234.289 817.079.870 89,154259 10 10 10 Alabama 281.828 233,414 48.414 327.131 274.906 52.228 16 18 8

Alaska 39.668 38.623 3.043 49.736 43,170 6,586 25 18 118

Arizona 213.310 205.145 8.185 245.004 237.164 8,840 15 16 8 Arkansas 133.406 112.710 20.696 150,289 1 3 r 280 22.979 13 13 11 California 2.918.610 2143,414 773.196 3,122,549 2,258.108 864240 7 5 12 Colorado 334,101 285.028 49,073 371.173. 318.877 52,296 11 12 7 Connecticut . 379,549 183.380 228,188 408 794 169,414 239.379 8 10 8 Delaware 59.540 52.001 7.539 64.192 56,541 7.661 8 9 1 Nstrict of Columbia 302,882 29.797 273.086 353.174 43.312 309.862 17 45 13 Florida 591.200 435.277 155.923 834,877 487.713 167.164 7 7 7 Georgia 398,888 269.992 128.894 431.969 293,019 138.950 8 9 8

Hawaii 111.593 104,673 7,020 121,964 114.326 7,837 9 9 9

Idaho 69.678 56.809 12.719 75.258 61.515 13.740 8 8 8

Illinois 1.418293 806,022 612.570 1,576775 838.868 736.109 11 4 21

Indiana 811,319 448,450 163,869 688,558 498.340 168.217 9 11 3

Iowa 368.991 284278 104.513 398,308 289.116 109,192 8 a 4

Kansas 259.213 224,409 34,804 271,804 235.812 35,793 5 5 3

Kentucky 279.372 227.330 82.042 307,274 253.108 54.168 10 11 4

Louisiana 303.880 229.104 74.676 304,488 228,423 78.088 II ) .1 5

Maine 89,012 56.895 32.117 99,827 64.010 35,818 12 13 12 Maryland 470,609 273,883 198,647 530,914 309.615 221.398 13 13 13 Massachusetts 1.088.537 200,921 887,817 1.184,307 232.027 952.280 9 15 7 Michigan 996.152 889.714 128.438 1,073,381 938.848 134,632 8 8 8

Minnesota 452,360 358,898 8.481 488.891 384.976 10(`.918 7 7 8

Mississippi 193.799 172.394 21.408 214,887 191.897 reses 11 II e missoun . 482.345 285.597 198.749 530.815 316.293 214.322 10 11 9

Montana 73,014 67,289 6,724 78.714 70,988 5.728 5 5 Is) Nebraska 173.465 129.748 44.717 188,604 143,480 43.044 8 II 4

Nevada 33,471 31 417 89 37,126 37,041 85 11 11 44

New Hang:whim 110.218 4 321 61.695 120.375 52,722 67.1353 9 9 10

Na vo Jersey 500.082 293.662 208.501 860.401 344,509 215.892 12 17 6

Neal Mexico 120.934 114,358 8.576 132.317 123.531 8,788 9 8 34

NOW York 2230,675 1296,506 1234.169 2,871.411 1.214,068 1,687,358 9 11 8

North Carolina 810,860 389.110 221,780 006,559 437.707 265,852 14 12 17 North Dakota 72.479 68.702 3,777 77290 73.521 4,070 7 7 8

Ohio 1,017,835 711.778 306,087 1.118.609 788.47 330,470 10 10 6

Oklahoma 244.749 209275 35,474 272.956 233.975 38,981 12 12 10

Oregon 272.682 232.148 40,834 295,058 251,397 43,668 8 8 8

Pennsylvania 1286235 618,994 667,941 1,458209 730285 725225 13 18 9

Rhode Island 129.485 81.247 88.207 140.138 83,481 78,857 8 0 12 South Caroline 209.137 152.250 56.886 235.649 175,098 80,454 13 15 6

South Dakota 81.930 613.837 15,293 89,519 72.743 16.772 9 9 10 Tennessee 393.841 222,588 171.264 480,424 258,000 202,424 17 1E1 10 Texas 983245 736,970 226.875 1,087.793 843289 243204 13 15 7 Utah 218.471 149.147 69,324 230,443 161,872 68.771 5 e .1 Vermont 84.429 46.114 38,316 95.488 80.528 44,940 13 10 17 Virginia 412,153 326.196 85.959 457.787 364.955 92,933 11 12 8

Washington 417,661 385.530 52.131 430.771 375.140 55.631 3 3 7 West Virginia 149.765 123,890 26,876 141,445 114.268 27.179 4 5

Wistomln 597,662 500.215 97,448 668.701 582279 108.222 12 12 9

Wyoming 44.570 44,570 49,319 49.319 11 11 ... U.S. Serit. Schools 182212 182,912 248.198 248.198 36 36 ... Oudying wen 142.187 117,849 24,338

1.1=1:Pi 168,868 131,156 35,600 17 11 American Samoa 744 744 ... ... Canal Zone 1,088 1,088 1,101 1.101 1 1 ... Guam

Puerto Rico

5,829

129,828

5.829

105.490 24.338

8,288

150.210

8.288

114.710 35,500

42

16

419

... 48

Virgin Islands 5.441 5,441 5,870 5,870 8 8 ... Trust Territories 443 443

Less then 0.5 percent.

NOTE.-Elecause of rounding, details may not ado to totals.

109

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, Financial Stasietica of holitudow of Higher Education.
Table 198. -income of institutions of higher education: United States. 1919-20 to 1971-72

1ln thousands of dollars)

Item 1919-30 1923 -30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 11163-64 1985-88 1987-88 1989-70 1971-72

1 2 3 4 6

. 6 7 8 0 10 11 Cummtfund 1110011111 8199.922 $854,511 8715211 62,374,846 16,7813237

' 89243,514 1112,734225 816,835,198 821,515242 828,234259

Educational end general 172,929 483,065 571.289 1.8"3,845 4.688.3W 7.788.448 10,285.252 13,848,898 18,488,177 20.200.269

Student tuition end fast .. . . 42,265 144.128 200.897 394,810 1,187,482 1.892,839 2,689,699 3,380,294 4.419,845 5,194,088 Federal Government: V e t e r a n s ' tuition and fees' . . 307.325 3,422 Research:

Other Magus

1:1 12,763

(3)

20.858

(3)

39,850

13: 216,994

827,283

205,305

1,798,710

364.179 2,653.778 3,348240 2.682.384 3,028,991

Staaparemments4 161.690 71110,84, 151,222 491,638 1.374,478 2,110,981 2,984,314 4,181,070 5.787,910 7,120,982

Local governments 151 151 24.392 81,700 151,715 339,851 316,483 503,601 774,803 991.034 Endowment earnings 36,482 88,806 71,304 86,341 205,619 288.187 316.231 383,990 447,278 480,806 Private gift, end ranee 7.584 28.172 40,453 118.627 382,569 550.8134 840,744 848.450 1,001,484 1,208.070 Related activities (31 (3) 32,777. 111,987 244,672 383,220 689.821 484.977 890.448 Sales and services of educational

der amend 13) 13) 131 131 45,423 64,742 MAW 118,618 127,800 148,711 Or iv educational and general . 22,138 72.867 11,383 34.625 88.207 139,082 411,488 759,730 887,231

Atimilery enterprises 26.993 80.419 143,923 511,286 1204,283 1,806274 2,139.117 2,481,670 2,900,390 3,309,957 Studentd income 13) 13) 13) 16.288 92.902 148,093 309,855 497,930 658,016 764,590 Other current income 11.027 13,247 81.470,860 1260.441

Plant4erse receipts 19,194 92,078 86.209 5213,747 1,308,806 2,632,004 3,483206 (9) (9) 191 Federal Govenerent 22.987 12.358 57,599 134,215 322.473 Stec governments 11,394 30.b21 18.404 283,920 319,513 630,473 738,328

Local governments 2.154 19,373 38,304 62.694 80.868 .. Prase' gets and WOOS 7.900 51,457 22,683 72,820 198,408 314,586 385,910 Loan-noniratitutional sources . 13) 13) 13) 131 381.112 744,308 1,512,787 Loans-Institutional serum (31 13) 13) 13) 31,873 64,121 . 77,558 Transfers from other funds

Miscellaneous rootlets

13) 131(3)

(31

13)

(31

60.582

79.894

228.578

77,122

422,673

158,988

I 375,986

Other hod imams (9) (9) 44,615 10116.932 498,850 829.371 815,702 (9) (9) (9) Private gifts and grants 60,907 83,512 36,376 86,850 209,146 308,592 327,072 Other soma 141 141 8,142 50,082 289.804 320,779 488,630

Net Masao In Winded of fends . 171 (9) (9) (9) 419.310 480.935 652.578 (0) 357,979 729,541

Endowment funds11 375,178 444,669 862.578 387,978 729,641 Annuity funds 11,854 MAW (9) en (9) Student ken funds 32,729 13,915 171 19) (9) 1 Tuition and fees recolgod from veterans under Public Law 860 are reported

under student fees end not under income from the Federal Goverment.

2 know* from the Federal Government for reaserch at agriaduand experiment

stations admininered by landarent institutions le included under Federal

Government "other Purposes." not under "research."

3 Dete not mare* collected.

4 Includes Federal aid received through State elonnsis end regional compose.

11 Income hone Sus end local governinents tabulated under Stets.

6 Beginnuo in 1967-68. the private grads represent frranitgangderrial Menu*

to moored re ean% and other sponsored Program.

7 Specified, detested or semerked funds.

8 Milo public service programs previously MOW In Federal GOW11111111(

retook in related activities, end r4. other items of education and general rewire.

9 Oct. not collected.

39 cost not (WWI/ Inlerfu,nd staastan.

13 Includes funds functioning an endowment; harm calculated on book value.

NOTE.-11tginning in 1959-60, doe ere for 50 Soto and the District of

Columbia; date for earlier mars ere for 48 States and the District of Columbia

°scene of rounding, details may not add to total'.

SOURCE: U.B. °emigrant of Redth, Eduardo% and Wafers, Natrona Center

for Education Statistics, FinintelaiStsebticsofkatiationeefliesterEducatioa

110 12,4
Table 126. -Moto WU end idents to ingitotiont of MOW education. by control of insdtutioni United swiss, 1959 -1110 to WI -72

(Amounts In thousands of doilies!

Control of Institution and putpose of private

glft and grant

1959-60 1961-42 1983-64 1965-66 1967 -88 1989-70 1971-72

1 2 .

3 4 5 6 7 8

GIFTS AND GRANTS TO ALL INSTITUTIONS

OF HIGHER EDUCATION

adamant and general tun& $382,560 $450.145 $550684 1640.744 $840.41.0 51,001,455 $1.208,070

As percent of total education& and

general revenue 8.2 1.5 7.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0

Research, included in 'doodlers& and

general funds= $87274 $93,876 $123384 $152,9015 $213.754 $255378 $273,919

Studentold funds $45475 957.000 $65.121 $1313476 6103,012 $127,9134 $148,012

As percent of total student.

old nwenueS 48.9 12.3 44.0 27.9 20.7 19.4 19.4 Plant tuft* $198.408 $226,486 $314.558 $365210 15) IS) IS)

As percent of total plant.

fund income 28.8 23.8 243 19.3 Real property. tuPtaidd value $24.187 $49387 $42,397 $72821 $69.132 151 IS)

As percent of grow additions

to plant assets 1.8 3.0 1.7 2.3 1.7 Endowment funds $187,527 8230.074 $2494133 $282373 IN (5) if i

As percent of total endowment

income applied to educational

end general revenue and to

studetudd revenue 81.9 88.1 88.3 79.7 /5) I5) 15)

Annuity and living trust funds $16,000 $19.645 $30,294 $34,493 IS) 151 151 Student loan funds $5.819

: $9166 $9.1335 $10405 14 IN t si GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PUBLICLY

41 A CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS

Education& end general fun& $85232 $98.148 $113.832 $155378 $215,592 $262A85 $322,604

As percent of total educational

and general revenue 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2A

Research. Included In educational

ard goner& funds2 537.727 143,378 $60,842 181,491 $111.0813 $128028 1138,991

Studentdid funds $17245 ULM S23,492 130.782 140.197 $53,261 $69938

AS of total student.

aid levenue3 42.8 42.2 37.4 22.4 15.5 15.3 16.8 Plats hinds $19900 $18,0134 $30,807 $44,518 151 151 151 As percent of total plantfund irdome4 4.2 2.7 3.3 3.3

Real progeny, appraised value $9.831 $26.557 $15,942 128.847 $341318 IS) 151 As percent of gross additions

til plant *MS 1.3 '4.7 ,, 1.1 1.6 1.3 Endowment funds $17.711 $25398 $34373 $46,724 Pi t5) Pi

As percent of total endowment Income

applied to educational and

genet& revenue and to studentaid (avenue 75.2 95.8 103.9 130.8 151 15) 151 Annuity and living trust funds $57 $641 $450 112.559 14 ter) (5)

Student loan funds 11.670 $3268 $4.184 $2393 14 15) 151 GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PRIVATELY

CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS I.

Educational and general funds' 5297. 337 $351.998 $437.052 $4853135 $1332357 $738970 $886466

As percent of total educational

and general revenue 14.7 13.. 12.7 11.3 122 13.3 13.4 Research. included In educational

and ganard furds2 $49.545 MAIM $62943 $71313 $102,666 $129,880 $137.028

Studentaid funds $28230 1135.439 141,629 $65.714 $62215 $74223 178.078

As percent of total student.

aid revenue3 542 52.9 48.8 32.3 28.3 243 22.4

Plant funds $17631013 $2013.412 $283348 $321392 I5) 151 14

As percent of total plantfund Income 82.1 75.9 78.0 58.3

Reel property. awed& value $14255 $23.309 628.456 844,074 $34A14 151 01

As percent of gross &Midas to

&tent nests 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.9 2.5 Endowment funds $170354 $2042713 $234.690 $233.450 151 (S) (S)

As percent of total endowment income

applied to educational and

general revenue and to studentaid tetanus 82.6 87.3 87.5 73.7 01 (5) 15I Annuity and living trust funds $15,943 $19.200 $29.844 $31.934 (51 151 (SI

Student loan funds $4,049 $5.200 $4.651 $7,413 15) (5) 0 i

I Oats for 1967-68 to 1971-72 include separately reported revenue from

noniovenwriental sources for sionsored mewed and mho sponsored prawns.

3 Data for 1967 -68 to 1971-72 were reported 415 Mama from nolifwellrolonlal

sources for sponsored research.

Endo*es revenue for student work assignments and student Honk

! Excludes transfers end loam.

' Data not collected.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and We ens. Mann& Center

for Education Statistics, Faimsdat Swanks of Mined= of Wier Edueoefea
Who Pays for Higher Education?

The National Center for Education Statistics has

estimated that colleges and universities in the United

States spent an average of $2,219 to educate each

full-time student during the academic year 1971-72. The cost per student was somewhat lower for

publicly controlled institutions ($2,020) and

substantially higher for privately controlled colleges

and universities ($2,800). It is generally reuognized

that college students, through their tuition and fees,

pay for only a portion of the cost of their education.

Publicly controlled institutions derive a substantial

part of their income from governmental

appropriations, especially State governments, while

private colleges and universities depend upon a

variety of other sources, including private gifts and

grants, endowment earnings, and the Federal

Government.

The average full -time undergraduate student

attending a publicly controlled institution in his or

her home State (or local district in the case of

students attending locally controlled colleges) paid $376 in tuition and fees for the academic year 1971-72. Public institutions received some

additional funds from outof-State and graduate

students, so that the average tuition and fees for all students was $447. For undergraduate students attending privately controlled institutions in

Publicly

controlled

institutions

U.020 per FTE student

1971-72, the average tuition and fees came to

$1,820. Some additional charges to graduate students

brought the overall average to $1,827. The

accompanying chart shows the amount and the

percent of money that colleges and universities

received from tuition and fees and from other

sources.

The "student education" expenditures used in

these computations include expenditures for general administration, instruction and departmental

research, other sponsored programs, libraries, and

physical plant maintenance and operation. Over the

past decade the percentages represented by tuition

and fees as a source of revenue for "student

education" expenditures have remained very stable.

The increases in tuition and fees in recent years have

only kept pace with the increasing expenditures for

"student education."

"Student education" expenditures are a portion of

educational and general expenditures and exclude

expenditures for separately budgeted research,

extension and public service, and organized activities

of educational departments. The excluded items are

those which largely serve the general public rather

than the students.

C. GEORGE UND

statistician

Figure 14.Cost of student education from tuition and Tess and num other

sources, by control of institution: United States, 1971-72

controlled

institutions

113,200 per FTE student

FTE lull time equivalent.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Edift t, end Welfare. National Center lot EducationSundaes.

Financial Varieties of Innautsons of Mph*, (duration end Proiecoons Of Educebonal Stat4ttes.
Table 127. Estimated tuition end fees, and room end board rates, in institutions of higher education, by type end control of institution: United States,

1994-65 to 1974-78

Year and contro:

of institution

r...

Tuition and required fees Board rotes Charges for dormitory rooms

All

instie

lions

Univer shies Other

4year

!rialto.

lions

Bytom instit

dons

All

Mediu

lions

Univer

titles

Other

4/ear

insdt

dons

yeer

instit

lions

All

instit

dons

Univer

sides

Other

4year

intim

tions

2-yeer

fastens. dons

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1984-138: Public

Privets

1889 -70:

Public

Private

1974-78:

Public

Private

$243

1.088

324

1.633

482

2,381

2208

1,297

427

1,809

691

2.781

$224

1.023

307

1,489

488

2.286

$90

702

178

1,034

283

1.581

$438

488

511 682

672

731

$482

615

540

808

717

814

$402

479

483

542

824

699 l

$381

484

488

548

849

699

$371

331 370

437

588

632

$291

380

396

503

707

733

$241

308

347

409

822

582

$178

289

308

414

497

598

NOTE.Data are for the entire academic year and are average charges per

fullahno resident degrowcredit student. They have not been adhoded for changes

in the Parch:wine power of the dollar.

SOURCES: Estimated from U.B. Jeportment of Health, Education. end Welfare.

National Center for Education Statistics. Higher ihhteetion dole Student Merges, and Fall Stuniintent in Nigher liduention.

Table 128. Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and fees, room, and board, by =Mold and type of institution,

and by residence of student: United States end outlying areas, 1971 72

Type of charge and

type of institution

Charon to full ime

undergroduste students

Charges to full-time

graduate students

Publicly

controlled Privet*

trolled

Publicly

controlled Privately COW

Resident Now trolled

resident

Resident Now

resident 1 2 3 4 5 8 7

Tuition and fees. room, and board $1.285 $1A434 $2.1561

$1.804

$3.033 $2.918

Universities 1,542 Z226 3.330 2.238 3,114

Other 4yr. Institutions 1,282 1,823 2.819 1,350 1,823 2.322

yeer Institutions 1.049 1,639 2,101

Tuition end required fear 374 953 1,898 517 1.081 1.819

Univerdties 514 1,198 2,117 858 1,210 1.901 Other Syr. Institutions 390 981 1,834 478 961 1,337

2-you institutions 219 709 1,137

Room Amiss 368 388 478 425 415 504

Universities 448 448 684 488 446 884

Other Syr. hntitutions 383 383 424 383 383 424

year institutions 334 334 420

Baird Amps 523 823 579 538 828 598 Universities 582 882 829 682 582 829

Other Syr. Institutions 489 489 561 489 499 561 yeer institutions 496 496 644

NOTE.Oate represent average institutional chenille unweighted by numbers of

students attending.

113

127

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Eel:radon, end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Higher education Mule Student Chen" 1971-72.
Table 129. -Cunentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control end by purpose: United States. 1971 -72

(Amounts in thousands of dollars(

Purpose

Currentund expenditures, by control of institution

Public and private Public Private

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total censabfund expenditures 525259.660 1002 818,484,325 ,0,0 lumps 100.0

Educational and general expenditures 19,200,506 76.1 12,906,763 78.3 4293.742 69.4

General adminisuation and general expense

instruction and departmental research .. 3,344,216 13.1 2,028,177 12.3 1,316038 14.5 Extension and public servian

8,443.281 33.0 5,978,425 38.3 2,484238 27.2 615.997 2.4 Libraries 569.648 3.4 58249 .8

Plant operation end maintenance 1,827,553

764.411 3.0 498,6131 3.0 265,930 2.9 7.5 Sponsored activities other then research 1284.098 7.8 643.455 7.1 Sponsored research 1,890276

1,059289 4.1 7.4 751.848 4.6 308,143 3A

Other separately budgeted research 378.007

1,034,214 8.3 866,061 9.4

Related organized activities 1.5 306,327 1.8 ,680 779,729 3.1 485,478 2.8 31684,250 4

3.5

3,178272 12.4 1,912,131 11.8 1,284141 13.9

Auxiliary enterprises

Student-aid grams

Major public service Programs 1,241,372

1,939,411

4.9 821,387 3.8 819,986 6.8 7.8 1.044,045 6.3 895,388 9.9

Hospitalsl

Other major public service programs: 998,585 3.9 828,880 3.8 371,726 4.1 940,826 3.7 417,185 2.5 523.640 8.8

1 Before 1968-69. these date were Included with educational and general Items.

NOTE .-8ecause of rounding. deans may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.8. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Finn:dal Statistics of hutfteflons of Maher ilducadoe, 1971- 72.

Table 130. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States,1929 -30 to 1971 -72

(In thnusends of dollars)

Item 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-80 1981-82 1903-04 1955-29 1967-90 1999-70 1971-72

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Conant Aund expenditures 5507.142 074289 0245.661 84801.378 82.152.528 89.1222122 812.804499 9141.4120789 931.028.112 556,569,853

377,903 521990 1,708,444 4.513,209 5,788,243 7.425.083 9251.108 13,190220

- 15,768299 19200,505

Educational end general

General administration end

Instruction and departmental

general expense 42,833 82,827 213,070 583.224 730,429 957.512 1,201.107 1238.948 2227293 3244,215

Extension and public

research 221998 280,248 780,994 1.793.320 2,202.403 2,801.707 13211,377 15,6530 /3 17953.097 9,503,250

Libraries

services 24,982

9,654

38,325

19,487

86,674

56,147

208,595 244,337 297.350 438,385 597.544 521,148 615,997

Phnt operation end 136,384 177,382 238,718 34620 483,288 652,696 784,481

Separately organized

maintenance 80,919 89,812 225,110 489,843 864,225 688,054 844,508 1,127290 1,541298 1.927,653

Related activities

research 18,117

(2)

27,268

27.225

225,341

119,108

1.022.353 294. 1.474.408 1,973,383 2.448,300 2299,90 2,144,078 2,285,282

Other educational and 367.027 458,507 558,170 640.711 648,089 779,728

general 121 (2) 12) 39.134 38,013 313,832 153,013 240322 121 (2) 141 124,184 478.401 918,117 1,157.517 1,452,244 1,887.744 2,302,419 2,769,276 3,178,272

Auxiliary enterprises

Studenteld expenditures (t) fel

Other current expenditures 129.239 28,514

(4) 172,060 228,785 300.320 425,524 712 .425 954,894 1,241.372 62.818 .. .. 246,115 275,623 21,500,544 21239,411 ' 125,108 83,785 418.931 1214,717 1,675,122 2,437,810 3.124,631 4.03,957 4,232226 4,162228

Groh addition emplane mimeo 1 includes "other sponsored Programs.

2 Data not collected separately/.

3 Sales and services expenditures.

4 Oats not tabulated separately.

s "Major Public service programs" previously reported in seperetely organized

research." "extension end public services," and "related activities."

6 Includes expenditures from plant and current funds, gift and grants of plant assets. and increasea In value due to reappraisal end other adjustments.

ROTC-Beginning in 1959-60, date are for 60 States and the District of

Columbia: data for earlier years are for 48 Stems and the District of Columbie.

Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of Inottnitiont of Higher Education.
Table 131. - Current'fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1970 -71 and 1971 -72

(Amounts In thousands of dollars]

State

Or other area

19)071 1971-72 Percent change,

1970-71 to 1971-72

Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

United States 823,375,197 814,996.042 813.379,1513 825.689.5130 816,484,325 89,078,335 9 10

Alabama 275,900 226.788 49,114 315.843 264,493 51.350 14 17 6

Alaska 39.939 36.738 3,200 47,452 41,864 5,788 19 13 81

Arizona 202,824 196,070 7,754 240.814 232,083 8,532 19 19 10

Arkansas 128,443 108,694 19.749 14Q525 119,208 21,317 9 10 8 California 2,807.588 2.032,888 774,900 3,015,570 2,149,912 885,658 7 6 12 Co lored*

Connecticut

325.996

366,218

276,738

134,980

49,280

231,258

368.776

399,373

307.847

154.690

50,929

244.882

IC.

9

111536 Dolman, 58.051 49,589 8.482 80,339 53.667 6,672 8 a 3 District of Columbia 300.143 28.007 272.137 344.154 38.875 306,279 15 39 12 Florida 585.780 414,844 150.938 816,039 453,420 182,619 9 9

Georgia 395,845 268,277 127,389 424,794 288,851 135,943 7 7 Hawaii 112,250 105.072 7.178 118,687 110,887 7.820 6 9

Idaho 66.388 54,383 11,984 74,849 61,743 13,105 13 14 9

Illinois 1.402,723 789.890 612,834 1,568,843 827,301 729,542 11 . 19

Indiana 596,554 433.578 182,978 641,321 473,101 168,221 9 3

Iowa 303,429 258,694 104,735 387,191 279,072 108,119 7 3 Kansas 255,288 219,844 35,844 286,187 229.898 36.489 4 5 2

Kentucky

Louhlana

271.793

299,387

219,184

221,570

52,1339

77.797

298,419

296,341

243,109

217,323

53.310

79,018

9

1

1t

.2

12

Maine 88,852 55,480 33,391 97.485 82,231 36.284 10 12 6 Maryland 470,228 270.242 199,984 526,920 306,494 220,425 12 13 10 Massachusetts 1,080,80 188.813 893.832 1,174,351 225,977 948,374 9 21 6

Michigan 986,807 859.808 126,801 1,060.158 927,683 132.495 7 8 4

Minnesota 448.224 350,721 95,503 468,771 388A09 100,382 5 5 5

Mississippi 187,533 167,189 20,343 207,301 188,060 21,241 11 11 4

Missouri 489,884 272.634 197.030 511,529 300.878 210,853 9 10 7 Montana 70,878 66,024 5,852 72.533 66,332 6,201 2 2 6 Nebraska 174,115 130.149 43,967 184,419 142,022 42,397 8 9 4

Nevada 32,518 32,459 59 35,993 35,923 70 It 11 19

New Hampshire 110,888 48,098 62,790 121,345 51,893 89,351 9 10

New Jersey 484.428 280,843 203,785 543,298 330,507 212.791 12 18 4

New Mexico 117,765 111.219 8,648 128,336 119,694 8.642 9 32

New York 2.556.579 1,003.048 1.553,533 2.788,933 1,128416 1,840,517 12 6 North Carolina 588,942 370,528 218,413 880,897 427,828 252.871 18 16 17 North Dakota 70,190 66,464 3,736 72,803 69,005 3,798 4 4 2

Ohio 1,012,884 701,269 308.595 1,094,462 764,622 328,841 9 7 Oklahoma 244,298 209,337 34.958 289.837 231,465 38.172 10 11 9

Oregon 287,139 227.893 39,245 288987 248,849 42,037 8 8 7 Pennsylvania 1,283,318 816,979 666,338 1,452.880 731,859 721,321 13 19 Rhode Island 131,632 59.964 71,888 138,409 62,641 75,888 5 4 8 South Carolina 208,385 150,619 55,787 232.905 173,420 59,488 13 15 7 South Dakota 81,608 85.239 16,389 88.323 70.928 17,395 a 9 8

Tennessee 394,372 219,318 175.054 448.1142 250,185 198.758 14 14 14 Texas 938.538 712,708 223.830 1,035,690 794,652 241,039 11 t1

Utah 212,084 144,901 87.184 226.125 158.919 87,207 7 10 (I)

Vermont 83,490 46,201 37,290 93,447 50,408 43,038 12 9 15

Virginia 4u/,982 318,681 84,321 450A99 358.486 92,032 12 12 9

Washington 408,364 356,608 61,758 413,748 368,623 55,126 1 1 7 West Virginia 141,810 118,023 25,787 132,948 105,940 27,007 43 5 Wisto.nsin 577,142 477.861 99,481 845,073 637,998 107,075 12 13 8

Wyoming 42,388 42,368 46,328 46,326 9 9 . . . U.S. Service Schools 182,477 182,477 245,073 246,073 34 34

Outlying areas 140.025 118,435 23,894 168,975 123,748 35,227 14 49

American Samoa 744 744 . Canalone 1.088 1,088 1,101 1,101 1 1 ... Guam 5,021 5.021 6,727 6.727 34 34

Puerto Rico 128 651 105.068 23.594 144,590 109,383 35,227 12 4 49

Virgin Islands 5.288 5.288 5,408 5.408 3 3 . a rust Territories 406 405 ... ...

I Lass than 0.5 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department o Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center

fax Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of Inaniutioiu of Maher Education.

NOTE.- Barauw of rounding, details may not add to totals.

571402 0 - 74 - 115

129
Table 132. -Personal income, 1971, related to educational and general enpendftwes for higher education and to educational and general funds received

from date and local governments, by MOH 1271 -72

State Personal income. 1971

Imillions of dollars)

Educational and general

expenditures or higher

education. 1971-721

Educational end general

funds from State and local 1.0. governments, 1971-72

Amount

(thousands of dollars)

Percent of

personal income

Amount

(thousands of dollars/

Percent of

personal Income

2 3 4 8 8

United States $884,989 818,991.080 3.20 88,113.018 0.94

Alabama

Alaska 11,070 219.348 1.98 98,988 .89

Arizona

1,549 42.053 2.71 22.089 1.43

Arkansas

7,381 188,351 2.58 115,804 1.57 California

5270 99,753 1.87 54,382 .91 95,322 2,181.297 2.29 1,202,802 1.28

Colorado

Connecticut

9,573 270.410 222 107,124 1.12 Delaware 15.648 313,870 2.02 102,649 se

District of Columbia

2.728 48,548 1.78 21.271 .78

Florida

4,033 '141,203 5.98 27,881 29 28.451 509,005 1.79 234,834 .83

Genie

Hawaii 16,855 321,348 1.91 138,209 23

Idaho 3,772 105,085 2.79 48.030 127

teinoit 2,655 55,511 2.17 32.344 1.27

Indiana

53,783 1,084,875 2.02 480.081 .89 21243 485,691 2.19 195,977 92

Iowa Kansas 11,057 300,878 2.72 114,652 1.04

Kentucky 9,247 200,613 2.17 101.650 1.10

Louisiana

10,901 234.820 2.15 128,351 1.18

Maine

12,183 226,342 125 119.914 .98 3.038 73,030 2.12 29,307

Maryfrid Massachusetts 18,437 358,193 1.93 140,579 .78

Michigan. 26,187 872,831 3.33 141,948 .84

Minnesota

40,313 802,608 1.99 387,193 .98

Miuminsia

15.511 372,845 2.40 151,888 .98 8,372 148,107 2.29 80.818 1.27

Missouri

Montana

18.925 409,253 2.18 181,954 28

Nebraska 2,827

5,994

55,312

142.248

2.11

2.37

31,084

88,527

1.18 Nevada .94

New Hampshire

2.489 33,033 1.33 1%731 .75 3,016 90,761 3.01 18,325 .54

New Jersey

New Mexico

36.392 428,641 1.18 197,148 .64

New York 3,402 104,174 3.08 45,889 1.34

North Carolina

91,047 2284,824 2.51 931,437 1.02

Nowt, Dakota

17,898 515,550 2.88 195278 1.09 2,235 53.693 2.40 25,531 1.14

Ohio 45,423 755,681 1.86 Oklahoma 282.587 .58

Oregon

9,239 188,118 1.82 74,123 20

Pennsylvania

8,512 207,127 2.43 97,304 1.14

Rhode bland 49,832 1,037,921 2.08 321,155 24 4,018 106,151 2.84 30.084 .75

South Carolina 8,377 158,626 1.89 78,428 .91 South Dakota 2,213 57,892 2.82 20,039 .91 Tennessee Texas 13.472 307.381 228 117,812 .87

Utah

42.772 828.999 1.94 425,981 1A0 3.780 158,623 4.22 83,118 1.41

Vermont

Virginia

1,804 88.690 4.28 13.607 24

Washington

18,791 307,012 1.83 134,583 .72

Wet Virginia

14.538 346,171 2.38 185.240 127 5,850 Wisconsin 99.019 129 81.915 1.08

Wyoming

17,817 498.316 2.80 281223 1.47 1,315 38,655 2.79 20,335 1.55

Excludes U.S. service schools.

NOTE. - Because of rounding. details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Educedon, and Welfare, National Ceuta, for Education Meddles, Financial Statistics of Institution, of Higher &location. 1971-72. 121 U.S. Department of Conmwrco, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Suety of Current Dogma August 1974.

116

130
Table 133. - Physical plant value per student In Institutions

of higher education, by control and by kW:

United States, 1970-71 end 1971-72

control end level of institution

Institution, Plant value Number mint!

Total lin

thousands of dollen) Per student 2 3 4 5 1970-71

All Institutions 2,568 8.580.687 $46,053,681 $8.387

Ayear Institutions 1,885 8,357.679 40,908,873 8.435

2vosi institutions 891 2.223,208 5,144,912 2,314

Publicly controlled institutions 1.089 8.428,134 29,540,021 4,691

veer institutions 435 4,326,182 250136,243 6,799

2year institutions 814 2.101,972 4,461,778 2,123

Privately controlled institutions 1.487 2,182,183 18,508,584 7,887

4vear institutions 1,230 2,031.617 15,822,430 7,788

2year institutions 237 121,236 883,134 5.035

1971-72

Al) institutions 2,608 48.948,1144, 80,153,252 5,605

roa institutions 1,672 6,482,733 44,329,756 6,859

ysar institutions 934 2,488,911 5823,487 2,343

Publicly controlled institutions 1,137 8,804,309 32.424.662 4,785

Apgar institutions 440 4,438,442 27,278,874 6,148

2year institutions 897 2,355,887 5,147,778 2.178

Privately controlled institutions 1,489 2,144.335 17,728.600 8.288

year institutions 1,232 2,024.291 17.052,881 8,424

2year institutions 237 120.044 875,719 %bee

Total resident end extension enrollment, futime and partilme, degreActedit

end nonlegmecredit. fall 1970 and t971.

SOURCE U.S. Deportment of Health, Education. and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Matter Education,

Table 134. - Endowment funds per student in institutions

of higher education, by control end by level:

United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72

Control and level

of Institution Number Enroll.

mend

Book value of

endowment funds2

Total Iln

thousands of dollen) Per student

1 2 3 4 5 1970-71

All Institutions 2,656 8,580,887 $11,341.388 $1,322

4-year institutions 1.865 6.367,879 11,237,898 1.768 2.year institutions 891

asw.marmozxxxxxxx44xxos 2.223.208 103,470 47

4xxxxons Publicly controlled institutions 1,089 6,428,134 1,981,581 304 A Ayeer instittiIons 435 4,326,162 1,924.909 446

2rear institutions 6114 2.101.972 26.672 13 Privately controlled MAW dons 1,487 2.152.763 9288,785 4,382

year institutions 1,430 2.031,617 9,312.997 4.684

2year Institutions 237 121.238 78.798 833

4 1971-72

All lattltutIons 2,606 8.948,644 11,983,206 1,339

414er insusutioft 1,872 8.482.733 11.875,821 1838

2.year institutions 934 43

Publicly controlled institutions 1.137 6,804,309 2.108,282 310

4 year Institutions 440 4,438,442 2,082,104 ' 089

2.year Institutions 897 2,385,887 26,178 11

1.4139 1

2,144,335

e Privately controlled ;..:::tutions 9.874.928 4806

Ayear institutions 1,232 4,024,291 9,793.717 4,838

2year Institutions 237 120,044 81,209 678

I Total resident and extension enrollment, fullilme end varmints, degree-credit

end nowdogreeeredit. fell 1970 and 1971.

3 Including funds functioning as endowment.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Wetter*, National Center

for Education Statistics, Financial &stinks of Institutions of Higher Education.

Table 135.-Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72

(In asuusands of dollars)

Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-60 1969-60 1969-70 1970-71 11171-72

1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9

Property value at end of year

Land. buildings, and equipment

Endowment (book value/2

Liabilities of plant funds

81.310.404 $3,437,118 18089.800 187,401, sal '410.893.388 182.947.396 887.394.951 $02.136.459

741,333

569.071

2,2480130

1,372,068

2,763.780

31,736,620

4,799,964

32,601,223

13,448,848

36.444,837

42,093,880

10,863.616

48,083.885

11,341,388

50,153251

11,983,208

I4) (4) I4) la) 1.964,308 9,304,731 9,088,240 10,291,095

I Excludes date reported for student loan funds: $28,784,000 In 1939-40,

$43,100,000 In 1949-50, and $126,284,000 in 1959-88.

2 Includes funds functioning as endowment.

3 Includes annuity funds: $49,537,000 in 1939-40, en umpecif Rd amount In

1949 -50, and $122,757,000 In 1959-60.

4 Data not collected.

NOTE.- Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education,
Table 136.Selected data for landirent institutions on students and

finances: United States and outlying areas, 1962-03 and 1972-74

Item 1962-63 1972-73

1 2 3

Opening (fall) enrollment:

Total enrollment 1819,026 21,600,730

First-time enrollment 3144,457 2270,862

Regular Federal appropriations $113,579,587 $247,762,422

Funds tor instruction and facilities (Morrill-Nelson

and BanktwacWones Funds) 14,500,000 12,700,000 Funds for research (experiment stations) 35,426,725 72,697,217

Hatch funds, as amended 34,843,733 64,409,948 Research under Agricultural Marketing Act 582,992 8,287,269

'oe onnrarntive extension 63,652,862 162,365,205

Smith-Lever funds (Act of 1914, as amended) 62,137,381 159,599,076 Extension under Agricultural Marketing Act 1,515,501 2,766,125

Endowment income under landgrant funds 5,111,041 9,238,007

From 1862 land-grant funds 3,139,289 5,493,288 From other Federal land-grant funds 1,971,752 3,744,739

I Resident and extension, degree-civet and non-degree-credit, first ami enrollment.

2 Resident and extension, degreecredit and nowdsgree-credit, opening fall enrollment.

3 Resident, degreecredit, first-term enrollment.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of LandGrant Colleges and Universities, Year Ended June 30, 1963, and Statistics on Condition of LarulGrant Funds, 1973 Report; and National Center for Education Statistics, Pali Enrollment in Higher Education, 1972

S

118

132
CHAPTER IV

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

Federal lard grants provided under the Northwest

Ordinance of 1787 represent the first instance of U.S.

Government financial assistance for education. With

this enactment, the National Government embarked

upon a program of educational support unique among

national governments in its commitment to State and

local autonomy and in the responsibility it assumed

for a public function of national interest.

A variety of programs and procedures are used by

the Federal Government to support numerous educational activities. Procedures include financial grants

and loans, allocation of surplus commodities and

federally owned property, operation of special programs and institutions, and the cost of services or

contracts.

This highly complex Federal educational involvement affects, directly or indirectly, every person in

this country and many persons from other countries.

Programs may be for the purchase of research and

training services in educational institutions; for support of individuals for whom there is a special Federal

responsibility; for support of schools in areas where

Federal activities would result in undue burdens on

school services without such support; for support of

vocational education, foreign language study, and

similar special areas; or for numerous other purposes.

A capsule view of fue history of Federal educational activities is provided in the following list of

selected Federal educational legislation:

Year Program

1787 Northwest Ordinanceauthorized land grants

for the establishment of educational

institutions.

Albert R. Moose of the Reference, Estimates, and Projections Branch, National Center for Education Statistics, had

the major responsibility for development of data for this

chapter.

119

1862 First Morrill Actauthorized public land

grants to the States for the establishment

and maintenance of agricultural and mechanical colleges.

1867 Department of Education Actauthorized the

establishment of the Office of Education.

1874 Aid to State nautical schoolsprovided funds

for State nautical schools.

1890 Second Morrill Actprovided for money

grants for support of instruction in the

agricultural and mechanical colleges.

1917 Smith-Hughes Actprovided for grants to

States for support of vocational education.

1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Actauthorized

funds for rehabilitation of World War I

veterans.

1919 Federal surplus propertyauthorized use of

Federal surplus property by educational

institutions.

1920 SmithBanlchead Actauthorized grants to

States for vocational rehabilitation

programs- 1933 School lunch programsprovided assistance in

school lunch programs. The use of surplus

farm commodities in school lunch programs

began in 1936 and the National School

Lunch Act of 1946 continued and expanded

this assistance.

1935 Banldtead-Jones Act (PL 74.182)made grants

to States for agricultural experiment

stations.

1937 National Cancer Institute Actestablished

Public Health Service fellowship program.

Subsequently, fellowships were authorized

in legislation concerning other agencies.

1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940authorized Federal aid for construction, maintenance, and operation of schools in

federally impacted areas. Such assistance was

continued under Public Laws 815 and 874,

81st Congress, in 1950.

13,/,
1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 78-16)

provided assistance to disabled veterans.

School Lunch indemnity Plan (PL 78.129)

provided funds for local school lunch food

purchases.

1944 Servicemen's Readjustment Act (PL 78346)

pr o vid ed assistance for education of

veterans.

Surplus Property Act (PL 78457)authorized transfer of surplus property to educational institutions.

1946 George-Barden Act (PL 79-586)--expanded

Federal support of vocational education.

1948 United States Information and Educational

Exchange Act (PL 80402)provided for the

interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills

between the United States and other

countries.

1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services

Act (PL 81-152)provided for donation of

surplus property to educational institutions

and for other public uses.

1950 Public Laws 815 and 874provided assistance

for construction (Public Law 815) and

operation (Public Law 874) of schools in

federally affected areas.

Housing Act (PL 81-475)authorized loans

for construction of college housing facilities.

1954 School Milk Program (PL 83690)provided

funds for purchase of milk for school lunch

Programs.

Cooperative Research Act (PL 83-531)

authorized cooperative arrangements with

universities, colleges, and State education

agencies for educational research.

National Advisory Committee on Education

Act (PL. 83-532)established a National

Advisory Committee on Education to recommend to the secretary of the Department of

HEW needed studies of national concern in

the field of education and to propose

appropriate action indicated by such studies.

1956 Library Services Act (PL 84-597)authorized

grants to States for extension and improvement of rural public library services.

1957 Practical Nurse Training Act (PL 84-911)

provided grants to States for practical nurse

training.

1958 National Defense Education Act (PL 85-864)

provided assistance to State and local school

systems for strengthening instruction in

science, mathematics, modern foreign

languages, and other critical subjects;

improvement of State statistical services;

120

guidance, counseling, and testing services and

training institutes; higher education student

loans and fellowships; foreign language

institutes and advanced foreign language

study and training provided by colleges and

universities; experimentation and dissemination of information on more effective utilization of television, motion picture, and

related media for educational purposes; and

vocational education for technical occupations necessary to the national defense.

Public Law 85-926Federal assistance for

training teachers of the handicapped

authorized.

Public Law 85. 905authorized a loan service

of captioned films for the deaf.

1961 Area Redevelopment Act (PL 87-27)

included provisions for training or retraining

of persons in redevelopment areas.

1962 Manpower Development and Training Act

(PL 87415)provided training in new and

improved skills for the unemployed and

underemployed.

Public Law 87447provided grants for the

construction of educational television broadcasting facilities.

Migration and Reiligee Assistance Act of 1962

(PL 87-510)authorized loans, advances,

and grants for education and training of

refugees.

1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act

(PL 88-129)provided funds to expand

teaching facilities and for loans to students

in the health professions.

Vocational Education Act of 1963

(PL 88-210)increased Federal support of

vocational education, including support of

residential vocational schools, vocational

work-study programs, and research, training,

and demonstrations in vocational education.

Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963

(PL 88. 204)authorized grants and loans for

classrooms, libraries, and laboratories in

public community colleges and technical

institutes as well as undergraduate and graduate facilities in other institutions of higher

education.

1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (PL 88452)

authorized the Commissioner to (1) arrange,

through grants or contracts with institutions

of higher education, for the operation of

short-term or regular session institutes for

special training to improve ability of elementary and secondary school instructional

134
staff to deal effectively with special education problems occasioned by desegregation;

(2) make grants to school boards to pay, in

whole or in part, the cost of providing

htservice training in dealing with problems

incident to desegregation; (3) provide school

boards technical assistance in desegregation

and required nondiscrimination in federally

assisted programs.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

(PL 88-452)authorized grants for college

work-study programs for students of lowincome families; established a Job Corps

program and authorized support for worktraining programs to provide education and

vocational training and work experience for

unemployed youths; provided training and

work experience opportunities in welfare

programs; authorized support of education

and training activities and of community

action programs, including Head Start,

Follow Through, Upward Bound; authorized

the establishment of the Volunteers in

Service to America (VISTA).

1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act

(PL 89.10)authorized grants for elemen

tary and secondary school programs for

children of low-income families; school

library resources, textbooks, and other

instructional materials for school children;

supplementary educational centers and

services; strengthening State education

agencies; and educational research and

research training.

Health Professions Educational Assistance

Amendments (PL 89-290)authorized

scholarships to aid needy students in the

health professions and grants to improve the

quality of teaching in schools of medicine,

dentistry, osteopathy, optometry, and

podiatry.

Higher Education Act of 1965

89-329)provided grants for university

community service programs, college library

assistance, library training and research,

strengthening developing institutions, and

educational opportunity; insured student

loans; teacher training programs; and undergraduate instructional equipment. Established a National Teacher Corps and

provided for graduate teacher training

fellowships.

Medical Library Assistance Act (PL 89.291)

provided assistance for construction and

improvement of health sciences libraries.

National Foundation on the Arts and the

Humanities Act (PL 89.209)authorized

grants and loans for projects in the creative

and performing arts, and for research,

training, and scholarly publications in the

humanities.

National Technical Institute for the Deaf Act

(PL 89.36)provided for the establishment,

construction, equipping, and operation of a

residential school for postsecondary education and technical training of the deaf.

National Vocational Student Loan Insurance

Act (PL 89. 287)encouraged State and nonprofit private institutions and organizations

to establish adequate loan insurance

programs to assist students to attend postsecondary business, trade, technical, and

other vocational schools.

Disaster Relief Act (PL 89.313)provided for

assistance to local education agencies to help

meet exceptional cost resulting from a mAJor

disaster.

1966 International Education Act (PL 89.698)

provided grants to institutions of higher

education for the establishment,

strengthening, and operation of centers for

research and training in international studies

and the international aspects of professional

and other fields of study.

National Sea Grant College and Program Act

(PL 89.688)authorized the establishment

and operation of Sea Grant colleges and

programs by initiating and supporting

programs of education and research in the

various fields relating to the development of

marine resources.

Adult Education Act (PL 89-750) authorized

grants to States for the encouragement and

expansion of educational programs for

adults, including training of teachers of

adults and demonstrations in adult education (previously part of the Economic

Opportunity Act of 1964).

Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act

(PL 89. 694)authorized the establishment

and operation, by Gallaudet College, of a

model secondary school for the deaf to serve

the National Capital region.

Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1966 (PL 89. 750)in addition to

121

135
modifying existing programs, authorized

grants to assist States in the initiation,

expansion, and improvement of programs

and projects for the education of handi- capped children at the preschool,

elementary, and secondary school levels.

1967 Education Professions Development Act

(PL 90-35)amended the Higher Education

Act of 1965 for the purpose of improving

the quality of teaching and to help meet

critical shortages of adequately trained

educational personnel by authorizing

support for the development of information

on needs for educational personnel, training

and retraining opportunities responsive to

changing manpower needs, attracting a

greater number of qualified persons into the

teaching profession, attracting persons who

can stimulate creativity in the arts and other

skills to undertake short-term or long-term

assignments in education, and helping to

make educational personnel training programs more responsive to the needs of

schools and colleges.

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

(PL 90-129)established a Corporation for

Public Broadcasting to have major responsibility in channeling Federal funds to

noncommercial radio and television stations,

program production groups, and ETV networks directly or through contract; conduct

research, demonstration, Jr training in matters related to noncommercial broadcasting; and authorize grants for construction of educational radio as well as television

facilities.

1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967 (PL 90. 247)in addition to

modifying existing programs, authorized

support of regional centers for education of

handicapped children, model centers and

services for deaf-blind children, recruitment of personnel and dissemination of

information on education of the handicapped; technical assist ....ce in education to

rural areas; support of dropout prevention

projects; and support of bilingual education

programs. Also, in order to give adequate

notice of available Federal financial assistance, authorized advance funding for any

program for which the Commissioner of

Education has responsibility for administration by authorizing appropriations to be

included in the appropriations act for the

fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for

which they are available for obligation.

Handicapped Children's Early Education

Assistance Act (PL 90-538)authorized preschool and early education programs for

handicapped children.

Vocational Education Amendments of 1968

(PL 90-576)changed the basic formula for

allocating flmds; provided for a National

Advisory Council on Vocational Education,

expansion of vocational education services

to meet the needs of the disadvantaged, the

collection and dissemination of information

for programs administered by the Commissioner of Education, and the preparation of

a cat, log of all Federal education assistance

progri ma.

Higher Education Amendments of 1968

(PL 90-575)provided new programs to

assist disadvantaged college students through

special counseling and summer tutorial

programs, and to assist colleges to combine

resources for cooperative uses, including

closed-circuit television and computer networks. Also authorized grants to expand and

strengthen student cooperative programs and

to expand programs which provide clinical

experiences to law students.

1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assistance Programs, Extension (PL 91.230)

authorized comprehensive planning and evaluation grants to State and local education

agencies; provided for the establishment of a

National Commission on School Finance.

National Commission on Libraries and

Information Science Act (PL 9I.345)

established a National Commission on

Libraries and Information Science to meet

the needs of the people, to utilize effectively

the Nation's educational resources, and to

cooperate with State and local governments

and public and private agencies in assuring

optimum provision of such services.

Environmental Education Act (PL 91.516)

established an Office of Environmental

Education for the purpose of curriculum

development and initiation and maintenance

of environmental education programs at the

elementary-secondary education levels;

dissemination of information; the provision

of training programs for teachers and other

educational, public, community, labor, and

industrial leaders and employees; com- munity education programs; and the

122

136
distribution of material dealing with environment and ecology.

Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970

(PL 91.527)provided for the development,

demonstration, and evaluation of curriculums on the problems of drug abuse;

dissemination of information; training programs for teachers, counselors, lawenforcement officers, and other public

leaders and officials; and community education programs for parents and others on drug

abuse problems.

Appropriations for the Office of Education

and for other purposes (PL 91.380)

provided Emergency School Assistance for

assistance to desegregating local education

agencies.

1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act

of 1971 (PL 92-257)amended title VII of

the Public Health Service Act. Increased and

expanded provisions for health manpower

training and training facilities.

Nurse Training Act of 1971 (PL 92-158)

amended title VIII, Nurse Training, of the

Public Health Service Act. Increased and

expanded provisions for nurse training

facilities.

1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972

(PL 92. 255)established a Special Action

Office for Drug Abuse Prevention to provide

overall planning and policy for all Federal

drug-abuse prevention functions; a National

Advisory Council for Drug Abuse

Prevention; community assistance grants for

community mental health centers for treatment and rehabilitation of persons with drugabuse problems; and, in December 1974, a

National Institute of Drug Abuse.

Education Amendments of 1972

(PL 92-318)established a National Institute

of Education; general aid for institutions of

higher education; Federal matching grants

for State student incentive grants; a National

Commission on Financing Postsecondary

Education; State Advisory Councils on

Community Colleges; a Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education and State grants

for the design, establishment, and conduct

of postsecondary occupational education;

and a bureau-level Office of Indian

Education. Amended current Office of

Education programs to increase their effectiveness and better meet special needs.

Prohibited sex bias in admissions to

institutions of vocational, professional,

graduate higher, and public institutions of

undergraduate higher education.

1973 Older Americans Comprehensive Services

Amendment of 1973 (PL 93.29)makes

available to older citizens who need them

comprehensive programs of health, education, and social services.

1974 Educational Amendments of 1974

(PL 93. 380)provides for the consolidation

of certain education programs; establishes a

National Center for Education Statistics in

the Office of the Assistant Secretary for

Education and transfers to the Center, from

the Office of Education, the responsibility

for the collection of education statistics and

facts and the diffusion of such information;

specifies that the Office of Education shall

be the primary Federal agency responsible

for the administration of programs of financial assistance to educational agencies,

institutions, and organization; authorizes a

White House Conference on Education, and

mandates several education surveys and

studies.

There is no single total for Federal funds for

education that is meaningful for all purposes, but

there are many possible totals which may be constructed to service particular needs. This multiplicity

is probably due to the many kinds of assistance

provided, the differences in the manner of distributing assistance, the special circumstances which

describe the program beneficiary as each program was

legislatively tailored for its special purpose, and, of

course, the purposes of the data user. However,

table 138 (Part I), "Federal funds supporting education in educational institutions," gives one summary

which the Office of Education has found useful.

Part I includes those programs more frequently considered in the general category of Federal aid to

education. Grants and loans are separated because of

the obvious difference which requires repayments of

loans but not grants. Part II includes data for other

programs which may also be considered in determining Federal funds for education.

In contrast with table 138, which shows program

amounts, table 137 shows where the money comes

fromthe Federal agencies which make the funds

available for the various education programs. This

table reveals that the Federal role in education and

related activities involves many Federal agencies and

varies from relatively insignific2nt amounts to almost

$8 billion estimated for the Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare for the 1975 fiscal year. Six

123

13
agencies report education amounts in excess of $100

million, exclusive of outlays for research and develop- ment. The support provided various levels of

educationelementary-secondary, higher, vocationaltechnical and continuing education, and "other"

programsis also shown.

Noteworthy is the fact that amounts in tables 137

and 138 report Federal funds from a "Federal"

vantage point. This will differ from State and local

education agency reports and higher education

reports of Federal receipts. A major reason for the

difference is the fact that payments to individuals and

to nonschool agencies for education or education

services cannot be identified as Federal funds by the

educational institutions. Consequently, summaries of

State, local, and institutional reports of Federal

receipts will be less than amounts reported for the

same years from this "Fedora" perspective.

A somewhat different view of the Federal educational involvement is brought into focus in table 139,

from the National Science Foundation publication

Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other

Scientific Activities, Vol. XXII. For example, to the

extent that federally supported research may be

considered to be education-related, this table shows

federally supported educational activity taking place

in many institutions other than those formally

described as educational, including industrial establishments, federally operated facilities, and various

nonprofit establishments. Figures from the National

Science Foundation were used also to obtain the

research and development amounts reported in

tables 137 and 138 for colleges and universities and

for Federal obligations to universities and colleges

reported in table 143.

Table 140 gives additional information about the

programs for training grants, fellowships, and

traineeships included in table 137. Figures for this

tabulation, like those in tables 137 and 138, were

obtained from information provided the Office of

Management and Budget for "Special Analysis H," a

chapter in its publication Special Analyses, Budget of

the United States, Fiscal Year 1975.

A summary 4' Office of Education disbursements

for the years from 1960 to 1975, by legislative

program, is presented in table 142. This table reveals

the support Worn for the Office of Education by

showing changes in levels of support for different

educational activities and the appearance of new

activities. Funds transferred to the Office of Education from other Federal agencies for various

education services are presented at the bottom of

table 142.

State-by-State data on Federal educational assistance from various Federal agencies are displayed in

tables 141, 143, and 144. Table 143 includes

amounts for higher education institutions only and is

based on Federal obligations during the 1972 fiscal

year regardless of when funds were spent by a

recipient institution. Higher education loans to

students and institutions, Federal expenditures for

Federal employee training, and veterans' education

benefits are not included in these higher education

figures.

In contrast with table 143, "Obligations,"

amounts reported in table 141 combine "obligations"

for Office of Education programs with "outlay"

amounts by the Department of Agriculture and the

Office of Child Development in the Department of

Health, Education, and Welfare. Table 145 shows

Office of Education funds for instructional materials

and equipment.

124

138
Table 137. -Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fined years 1973 to 1976 [In thousands of d098131 Total Elementersecondary education Higher education Vocational - technical and continuing education Other . Abettor 1973 actual 1974 1 estimate - 1975 estimate - 1973 actual - 1974 estimate 1975 estimate - 1973 actual 1974 estimate - 1975 MOM* - 1973 actual 1974 estimate ' e- 1975 estimate 1973 aci..ar 1974 estimate 1975 er ...ale 1 2 , 3 - 4 - 5 6 7 8 . 9 10 11 . ' 12 13 .. . 14 15 6 Total $17427.611 319379355 320379311 64.084.972 . 64.599477 $4698057 66.331.692 56.9115.843 55924923 32.793.959 SUMAC 12.835.340 34.716.579 56425.322 55.722.733 ....partment of Health, Educe- tdn and Welfare 6227.467 7,490206 7.980504 3237214 3.731.422 4.001082 2.724.912 2.991,545 3.182, 48 165.372 166.042 187.117 500.169 601.597 609,567 iirice r Education 4235.951 5271,392 6.078.965 2.871.160 3241.694 3,588225 1.713.701 1203,291 2,193,178 97.580 113.513 117.695 153.510 212.894 181.566 Pubic Health bollnrscht 908.793 989.182 901939 862.954 937.869 847.550 3.169 5.204 3.511 42.670 46.109 51 378 Socha and Rehabili- tation Service 113.816 92,242 104.522 12.766 12,300 9200 36.427 32.617 29,112 64.923 47,325 65.910 . .. . . . Other 768,907 837,790 895.088 353.088 377.428 405.057 111.830 117.768 113,408 . 303989 342.594 376.623 Department of Agriculture 1,530250 1243.171 2251.937 42.650 57.171 50232 . .. 1.488200 1.886.000 2.001.000 Department of Commerce 11,294 14,129 14.982 2.067 2.912 2.969 1.515 2.617 2215 7.822 8.600 9.778 Department of Defense 1240.980 1.367,260 1.434.600 203268 239,725 282.181 687 522 592 7899 8.471 8.415 1.029.206 1.118.542 1.153.412 Department of Housing and Urban Development 154.697 128.600 32.607 93.456 93.455 34.850 28,983 2409 -16240 322559 32,736 14,397 Department of the Interior 279.318 278,566 303.545 209.963 210.500 229221 29.700 29.750 33.568 39.955 38.316 41.156 . . .. . . Department of -Wilke 55.152 63811 63.159 38,153 42.965 40.795 7,505 10.133 10,776 9.494 110013 11,588 Department of Labor 1207000 1262,000 2 , 0 7 9 . 0 3 0 1 5 9 . 2 0 0 113,470 143,480 1,347.800 1.448.530 1.935.520 Department of State 32.879 36.26b 40.148 4.748 5.514 8.289 28.131 30.751 33.859 Department of Transportation 25,530 21229 22.303 3.405 2-075 3.150 ... . 22 125 19.154 19.153 Department of the Truisms 3.142 7.082 24.470 ... . . .. 3 142 7.082 24.470 Action 22013 20.971 22,323 .. . . ... . ... . . .. .. . 27.013 20.971 22,323 Appalachian, Regional Devel- opment Commis ion 43.961 48.791 68.082 34.926 39267 56.699 8,227 7805 9,280 808 1.619 2.123 .. .. Atomic Energy Commbsion . . 6.325 5,121 6467 2.790 2.410 '3.450 3.151 2,205 2,389 385 505 628 - . Corporation for Public Broadcasting 18500 22.000 27.000 18500 22.000 27.000 District of Columbia National Center for Education Statistics estimate! 54.191 57,273 79.870 46.300 47.827 54,832 7,891 9446 25038 . .. .. Environmental Protection Agency 10.433 9.228 5,597 10.433 9.226 5.597 . Government Services Administration 2.722 3.016 3.227 2.722 3 016 3.227 International Development Assistatce, Alliance for . Progress 22255 22,238 17826 .... 22.555 22.238 17.826 Library of Congress 59592 68.110 74.490 .. .. 59 592 68 110 70 49n National Aeronautics and Space Administration 3652 2,359 2,359 2,349 1.000 1.000 1 303 1 359 1.359 National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities . .. 15,202 26.189 41657 4229 4.932 6.441 4.926 5.847 9.063 6.047 15.410 26.153 . ... National Science Foundation . 51.185 33923 29.980 1.950 1,800 1.000 49.235 31.423 28.950 . .. Office of Economic Opportunity 26000 .. .. 26000 . . Smithsonian Institution 30.421 43258 50.708 . 30.421 43.258 50.708 US. Information Agency 2820 3.022 3.140 944 1,031 1,111 .. .. . . . 1.876 1 991 2.029 Veterans Administration 2.718.3136 3.167.796 2.792.165 43835 50,863 44.389 2.016.127 2.452209 2.140.936 658.424 664.133 606.840 . . . . . . . . Research and development in colleges and universities (all agencies) I 2271,543 2.933.844 3.107.000 1,401.456 1,374203 1.456.000 . . . . . 1.470.087 1.559.640 1.651.000 SOURCES. I 1 l National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Health. Educ tier, and Welfare, from information collected by the Office of Management and Budget for its report Special Analyser. Budget of the United States. Fiscal Year 1971 42) Research and development data from National Science Foundation. Federal Funds Jun Research. Desrlopmenc and other &knew denainez Vol. XXII.
140

7abla 198. -Federal funds for education and misted aatIvItloss OblIsetlorts for fiscal years 1882 to 1987 and outlay for flu& yore 1988 to 1878

Iln thousands of dollars]

TM)* of Wood. level. and program area Now obliationel authority Outlay 1982 1983 1984 1955 1968 1967 oly 1988 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

lestknated) 1975

(estimated/ 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PART 1. Federal funds support rig education In valuations!Institutions

Total grants end leans $2,173.700 82,507600 02.70.900 83.908.700 18,779,578 88.352.880 117.7112.035 118.0131.3118 39,222,130 1110227.045 811,77091 $12.710.533 11113,953,813 $14.050,822 Chats. total 1.853.200 2.111.700 2.350,500 3.379,000 5,187,978 7,611.283 7.179.355 7952,118 5,714,173 10,593,201 11,422.265 12.385.801 13,572.570 14,202,241 Elementary and secondary

education 558.100 600.400 888,300 942.900 2,480,078 3.037.837 2987.004 2,83E4439 3,212.418 3,774,383 3,555,027 4.084,072 4.599 ,477 4,8913,057 Se 11.101 assistance in

federally afflicted mess 304 900 330,300 323,100 407,500 433.900 489.137 508.372 397.581 856,372 527,043 848,008 580,493 547,051 432.000 Economic °optimality PIM Vans' 53.000 60100 67.000 123,500 404,300 721.257 828.533 552,434 534.482 884,355 473,307 718.572 705,088 708.194 National Defense Education Act-eguipmen4 . 59.300 88,700 94,900 90.900 104,400 109.200 109,009 74,316 88.547 44,847 42629 38.802 44,892 31,850 Supponing servoes3 4.300 4.700 5,200 8.500 173,100 273,581 280.481 290,107 237,532 215.252 287.749 281.193 388,960 397,018 Apistance for educationally

deprived ehedren4 . . 959,000 1,057.455 1.058.983 1998.105 1,207,894 1.676.282 1.813.847 1,580.359 1,839951 1,859/383 Teacher Corps 8.800 5.100 8.800 11,324 18,019 19,388 18,191 28,781 23.887 32.092 35.025 43.708 Vocational education . 28.400 28.3173 24,900 127.700 184.878 194.638 135,224 152,441 181,379 241.491 282,845 305.728 289,944 518.177 Dependents' Whools

abroad ... . . ...... 40.500 45.300 61,500 80,600 88,100 87.533 era ,a20 108.589 137.138 140915 188.908 190,803 220.018 244.422 Public lends revenue

for schools ....... 43.600 44.500 48,800 51.500 54.100 80.173 52.294 66.112 82,378 78293 73.285 90648 109,148 110,384 Arisotence In luecoi - IL HS 14.800 17 700 32.600 50,200 88.800 88.969 68.288 71 119 78,992 120.719 158,787 178922 178,798 123,386 Veteran{ edurstam

Emeliancy schtil 1,294 3.200 4.924 8,233 13.783 10,874 43,835 80.853 44,389 eustanse

51,239 88,818 43.391 179.290 210,274 Education revenue lithemy . Others ..... . . 4,400 5.100 6.400 4.600 mous X7C7C 2.383 onsuos

5.353 13.282 18.313 19,515 24,538 32,988 32.1300 Haden iniucento, ..... . 1.210.300 1.397,800 1.480.400 2.057.800 2930.400 3.834.494 3.241.170 3,347,124 3212.582 4,835,586 6,172,443 5685280 i 8.584,889 0.630.844 Rae.; reSe4r,h .n U.S. au. cannel& Mifflin...1ns Research tat

Proper"

1:1.800

.100 691.900

157.900 5983500 133.500 784.900

191.700 940.300 1.032.823 1,040.000 1.020,905 985,784 1954,385 1,192,187 1,177,838 1,203,537 81,278,000 194.000 260.568 199.790 238,5.8 226.130 227908 170,747 223,318 170,887 8181,000 Triening ra.ls tenon

Shell and Paoseest. p. 2E19.900 b, 7,800 443.000 479.300 830,400 713,770 701.419 852,830 895.990 1,037,202 982,008 1,184,990 1.237685 1,115,798 E one Alum rent 37.100 41.000 158.100 384.100 888,900 822,203 549,382 482,387 513.152 518644 400,147 135.588 145,878 128,097 Other 'nine

rauPoff 33.000 43.400 69.500 93.400 163,800 189.925 130637 173,088 178.158 288,090 292191 339.025 408,038 355,718 Other student *potence 103.900 89900 82.300 100.400 214,200 590,688 808.883 789.446 1.101.924 1,781981 2,130,083 2224.303 3,418,708 3.477.233 Othet Mune. aucat.or

guidance . . 11.700 15 400 17.400 18.800 18,800 64,819 2,059 9,976 12,548 9,478

VecatiOnllitechnical and

continuing education toot

claniflable by Nail 87,800 113,500 203,800 384.100 867.400 939.162 971,181 .360,663 1.589.093 1,973,283 2,393.205 2.293280 2.388,513 2935,340 Vocational. technical. and woos trent Ing9 34,800 82.700 171,000 384.300 817.900 827.303 851,1383 1,163,444 1189.254 1,515,741 1,829.481 1974,847 1,539,940 2.069,673 Veterans education . . 49,900 29.003 25.100 10,300 8,300 64,000 78.648 123,970 244,834 351 414 429.229 688.424 884,133 1013,840 General cont.nuing

adocation10 400 400 1200 moo 19,200 29.200 28,701 60,364 85.885 88,308 125,715 149,738 1110,887 153.295 Training Stets CO local

personnel . ... . 2,900 1,400 6,800 8.000 14.000 29.649 11,152 18,775 9.350 11,793 8,870 101130 14,563 15.532 Wens. total (nigher

eduallord

student loan prsfam National 320.500 MAO 308.800 529.100 811.700 741983 403,281 565.388 507268 334241 348.725 345.732 381.154 304,011

Deena Education Acell 74,800 90.700 111,300 180.100 235.900 237264 22E1.303 230.894 198,843 231,708 287,183 324.851 383,427 404,123 College 4011titS1041,41 . 245900 305.200 287.500 389.001 376.800 503,829 378.978 272.588 311,123 102,736 81,883 21.181 -2173 -10942
Total

Appiad research awl

dentopment,

School lunch end milt. programs ..... Training of Federal

personnel U.L. academies . . ..... Professional train..w. Cwilisn education Ind

taming an F oval

facilities

libfaiy senficy

Grants to public

t Weise%

NO' WV! IiMaw

tarimesf 3

Intonational education

Eoacationsi 'wham.

program

Agency for internatonsi

Fievelopment points . Aryan rprenousw Paha

Crum

Other international educe

trop and training . Oiher

Agricultural execution

term*

Educational televien

iiciatios14 . Educetoon m Naive comic

teinal inenutions .

Vein, of surplus property

Pinewood

Acquisition cost of

Personal prope'ty Fair value of reel property

Other' S

PART H. Other Federal funds for education and related ectivides

82.777254

-a

112.938,341

----. 83239281 $3,717,232 113,903,859 83,930.083 113,805.819 83.339.887 1134428.724 84211245 14.528221 84.718.978 NASSAU 16,7/2,7831 750.700 905,700 906,300 952.300 1.026,800 1.0813.150 1.142.350 1,237,499 1,238,749 1218,9133 1,470.558 1,470.087 1,859,840 61251200

3E6,000 379.300 411,700 607,500 421,900 448,006 643,846 597.700 878.198 928,188 1,213,075 1,298,002 1,874,155 1,788243

1,177.500 1,279.600 1.370.400 1,577,900 1.706,700 1237,399 1,138,333 639,853 891,894 854,930 981,215 1,091,928 1,153,653 1217,888

59.418 69,099 119.796 130,971 164,593 133.002 141,599 170,488 184,282 218,869 232,047

7.7

275,871 279,832 289,507

1,085.584 1.188,601 1,202,804 1.373.279 1.470.607 1,30E1,848 923.470 376,105 492,040 814,009 718,180 779,834 863,689 900,521 31.500 31,900 48,000 73,700 81,800 94,449 73.264 94.280 15.392 21,962 10,988 8.321 10,432 27,853

22=28=900 25,300 82,900 86,300 141,381 138.099 188,124 170.135 188.338 185,098 166,712 225.157 193,843

6.900 7.400 7.800 54.900 55.000 78.000 62,017 82,794 60235 52,875 58248 48.782 82,214 35211

15,300 18,500 17.800 22.000 31,390 85,381 74,082 123.330 119,900 133,383 108.850 120,930 142,943 167232 -- - 109.100 118.100 130.000 178.700 232.688 328.742 272.008 278.135 193.484 180.888 122,140 77229 79,712

...i 78.999 ----.4

211.100 35.600 38,000 *.400 53,500 44.712 41,1370 38,173 30,850 36.101 37,837 28,131 30,751 33.889

81.000 80.500 84.800 87,800 111.800 203270 140,000 170,000 111.325 105,808 55,812 22,555 22.238 17,828

... . 44.300 57.176 41,944 43,641 44,605 28,160 25,026 19,819 22,013 79,971 22,323

. .... 7,400 9.200 10,183 38.818 48.897 26,868 23,139 13,933 9.472 5,239 5,762 4,991

348 984 330.741 388,151 417,932 429,701 393.378 372,984 400.358 480,486 542,180 883,849 842.322 733,005 793.018 59.300 63,000 79,400 135,400 90.700 92,824 90.030 97,273 124,528 154,872 189,811 185.803 207.288 208,860

5.200 6.100 15,200 3,304 8.737 8,758 19.183 28,880 8,000 28.568 35,880 42.197

2,100 2 500 2.900 3.500 3,600 6.341 3.662 3,818 5.007 8,333 9,068 9,494 11,013 11,888

244,1700 223.800 288.700 277.300 266.400 215.509 189.383 223,803 248,330 255.888 298.805 2713.693 314,389 345,805

21,070 I 21.100 15,100 11,900 15.100 18,884 28.278 13,254 12,488 25.718 12,200 26288 213,000 27000

19.934 20.341 24,851 28.732 38.701 53.714 443,993 53,754 52,992 71.189 94,957 116,470 138,357 169,578

includes Office of E40110411le Opportunity. Indian education. Appalachian

Regional Drearooment, Department of Labor. NYC arachnid work supoort,

end Head Sum Pregcnnol

2 InCludas smell amounts for National Defense Education Act loans to private

siementaryiecondsry Knoell%

Includes suoplertiontal centers, school library meter:els, strengthening Stale

education agent as captained films for the deaf, dissemination of information.

school counseling and testing, American Printing House for the Blind, planning

and avaluato,

4 Includes Elementary end Secondary Educstion Act. Title I. handicapped

children. dropout tylevention, bilingual education. Kendall School for the

Dalt and Muds' School fo. the CHIC

Includes District Of Columble, Canal Zone, territories and dependencies,

Cuban refugees. sod payments In Olen Of levee by the Atomic Energy

Commission end the Tennessee Valley Authority.

6 Inductee eamieniarriac3ndary programs of ten National Science Foundation.

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humenliiii% Department of Defense,

Junior ROTC. fed National Aeronautics end Space Adminetretion: Apr

Office of Chau Imelopment programs not included elsewhere. and Office of

Education programs and engandituteS not otherwise included.

7 Data are from Federal Funds for Rewash. Development and Other Selentific

Aeff Mtn annual publication. National Selene, Foundation. Includes university Operated research centers.

1915 amounts am estimated by the Office of Education at 5.7 percent Increase

over 1914 levet 141

° Includes adult vocatl*nal education and manpower training programs.

to Includes Office of Education. Action. Social and Rehabilitation Service,

Department of Housing end Urban Development. Office of Economic

Development, and additional programs for continuing education.

1_1 Induces National Defense Education Act and Insured student loans.

14 Includes Department of Housing and Urban Development college housing

loans and Office of Education collage facilitieS loans. 33 Includes Library of Congress. Smithsonian Institution. General Services

Administration. National Archives end Records Service. National Agricultural

Library, National Library of Medirine. and Government Printing Office

depository library and catalog and India activities.

14 Also includes education broadcasting facilities.

15 Includes Office of Education end education programs and administration

expenditures not otherwise Included.

NOTE.- Because of exclusion of some programs and because date are bated on

Federal disbursement rather than on the authority to spend, this figures since

1968 are not strictly comparable with those for Wier years.

SOURCES; 411 National Canter for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of

Health. Education, and Welfare, from Information collected by the Office of

Management and Budget for Its report Special Analysts Budget of the United

States, Flrcal year 197!.. 121 Research and development date from National

Science Foundation, Federal Pirtle for Resterch, Development and Other

Mont* Activism, Vol, )001.
Table 139. -Summery of Federal funds fog resell* development. and R&D plant: Fiscal years 1972. 1973. and 1974

in militant 01 dollars)

Item Acme'

1972

inmates t Item Actual

1972

Estimates 1973 1974 1973 1974

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Total expendihares for resestell. Basic research- Continued

devekmment. and R&D Plant 818.743.0 816428.3 $17485.6 State and local governments 16.6 16.6 17.2 Foreign 10.1 15.0 11.5 Reseal. h and development 16.1785 15.9262 18,798.8

. . . . . . ......... c============weerssca R &D plant . 564.4 702.1 768.8 Fields of science

Life sciences 728.9 769.6 760.1 Total obligations foe reilearch. Psychology 58.4 64.8 57.3 development. and R&D plant . . 17.154.1 17.816.5 18,242.7 Physical sciences 783.3 819.7 803.5

Environmental sciences ..... . . 464.2 480.1 440.3 18452.8 16.985.8 17.383.3 Research and development . Mathematics 82.8 60.0 58.6

Engineering 234.9 198.2 193.0

13.679.1 86432 6.793.9 Niel rowel :h .. . . . Social sciences 79.7 90.0 110.8

Other sciences 8.7 5.0 7.0 8 0111. I eunuch ... . . 2.4104 2.475.3 2420.9

Applied reseech 4.1882 4387.9 4373.0 Applied research

Performers

9,9736

- 10.322.6 10.589.4 Development . . . Federal intramural' 1,490.0 10332 16278

Industrial firms 1251.3 12592 1,290.5 602.1 850.8 859.3 Red) plant . F FROCI administered by

industrial firms 43.1 40.3 40.7 - ----------- -- Reseach end development Universities and colleges 786.6 735.3 79.28 Pei humeri FFRDC's administered by Metal intramural 4,495.8 4088.1 4,797.9 universities and colleges 153.1 144.1 158.9 Industrial firms 7,851.8 8.028.7 8,205.0 Nonprofit inehutions 290.3 269.7 273.8 F F RUC's: administered by F FROC's administered by industioal tams . . . . . 629.9 553.2 540.9 nonprofit Institutions 53.1 48.0 45.1 Universities and colleges 1.902 2 1.889.5 1,955.9 Stale and local governments 84.4 88.0 91.2 F F H DC's administered by Foreign 38.4 51.0

i... -. 52.3 universities and colleges 7606 758.4 807.2

Nonprofit inslitutionS . . 0409 548.2 5759 F folds of science F F R DC's administered by Life sciences 1,252.8 1214.2 1.388.0 nonprofit institutions . . 2164 185.7 191.8 . Psychology 67.5 64.0 75.0 Slate and local governments . 206.7 245.7 231.6 Physical sciences 365.7 327.8 381.1 Furman . . . . . 599 92.2 77.1 Environmental sciences 337.6 3432 351.8

Mathematics 78.0 70.8 84.1 Research Performers Engineering 1.738.8 1498.4 1.7634

Social sciences 230.7 228.8 198.0 Federal intranturall 2.0973 2.1533 2251.9 Other sciences 107.0 122.7 165.4 Industrial firms . .... 1.714.8 1.771.0 1,716.1 l

. F F ROCS adrniniSterad by Development induortal firms . . . . . 75 3 72.7 72.7 Performers Univetsites and colleges ..... 1588 2 1037.7 1,708.0 Federal Intramural: 2.398.5 2.612.8 2448.1 Ff. FMC's administered by Industrial firms 8,138.7 82556 8,488.9 universities and colleges . . 426.8 420.8 447.2 F F RDC's administered bY

Nonprofit institutions . . . . .. . . 372 0 385.4 372.8 industrial firms 454 8 480.5 4F9.2 F F lit)C's adrmmstered by

Ninprobt Institutions Universities and colleges 217.0 251.8 2479

... . . . 807 54.0 53.3 F FRDC's administered by State and local governments . . . . 101.0 102.5 108.4 universities and colleges 3339 337.9 380.0 Foreign 46.4 66.0

1 83.7 Nonprofit institutions 158.9 182.8 203.3 F FRDC's administered by Fields of science nonprofit lintlrotIOM 155.2 131.7 1.8.3 L tie sciences 1,981.7 2083.7 2318.1 State and local governments 105.7 1432 123.2 Psychology . . . 126.9 118.8 132.3 Foreign 13.2 26.2 13.4 Physical sciences . . . . 1,139.0 1.147.5 1,184.5 i _._ Environmental sciences . 791.8 823.3 792.1 R&D plant Mathematics . 140 8 130.8 142.7 Performers supported Engineering . . .. . . .. . . . ... . 1.973.8 1.892.8 1,948.7 Federal intramural 246.5 371.8 3832 Social sciences . . 310.4 318.8 308.9 Industrial firms

Other sciences 67.1 91.8 8C.3

. . . 115.7 127.7 172.6 FF RDC's administered by

induroiel Itims 75.3 137.9 199.4 fair research Universities and colleges 46.3 58.6 37.7 Performers F F RDC's administered by Federal intramural' 607.3 620 0 624.1 universities end colleges 130.4 186.2 133.0 Industrial firms 463.5 5118 425.5 Nonprofit institutions 28.1 19.4 13.4 F F ROC% administered by FFROC's administered by industrial firms . 32.2 32.4 32.0 nonprofit institutions 1.8 3.0 2.3 Universities and colleges . 918.8 901.4 915.2 State end local governments 4.7 0.9 0.6 FFROC's administeled by Foreign 2.7 2.8 3.0 umwouties and coney's 273.6 276 4 288.3 , Nonprofit Institutions 81-7 95 7 98.8 F F ROC'. administered by

nonprofit institutions 1.2 6.0 8.2

I intramural activities cover costs Associated with the administiation of Intramural and extramural programs by Federal personnel as well as actual

intramural performance

2 Federally Funded Research and Development Centers.

NOTE. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE National Science Foundation, Federal Funds Pr Research. DelOSOP" mend, and Other Scientific Actteites. Vol. XXII.

128

142
Table 140.Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and training

grant programs of Federal agencies: Fiscal year 1973

[In thousands of dollars]

Agency and program Amount 1 2

Department of Health. Education, and Welfare

Office of Education:

College personnel development $7,880

College teacher fellowships 25,617

Education personnel for training the handicapped 27,826

Education personnel training for occupational,

'vocational, and adult education 15,347

Education professions development 78,801

Eliender fellowships 600

Emergency school aid training grants 5,892

Librarian training and library demonstration grants 4,359

National Defense Education ActLanguage

training and area studies 12,742

Food and Drug Administration 2,788

Health Services Administration 603,792

Public Health Service:

John E. Fogarty international Center

for Mvanced Study 1,674

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 10,915

National Cancer Institute 14,155

National institute of General Medical Sciences 42,710

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2,958

National Heart and Lung Institute 14,503

National Institute of Dental Research 13472

National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism,

and Digestive Diseases 17,232

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 9,360

National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke 12,881

National Eye Institute 5,144

Health Services Administration 003,832

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration 89,832

Go Daudet College 179

Assistant Secretary for Human Development 18,120

Department of Justine

Law enforcement assistance 38,153

Atomic Energy Commission 660

Environmental Protection Agency 10,433

Department of Tramportation

Urban mass transit 2,940

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Community development training and urban development 487

Model cities 18,410

National Aeronautics end Specs Administration 2,349

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 4,926

National Balance Foundation 48,435

SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, from information obtained from

the Office of Management and Budget for Special Analyses, Budget of the United

States, Fiscal Year 197S.

129

143
Table 141, - Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary end

secondary education, by agency and by State: Final year 1973

In thousands of dollars)

State or other area Total

Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare

Department of

Agric..iture3

',

Office of

Education'

Office of

Child

Development2

1 2 3 4 5

Total 85,113A47 $3,404,081 $389.141 81.340.255

Alabama 122,743 75,233 10,420 37,090 Alaska 40,910 37,562 1,712 1,636 Arizona 61.927 43,889 8.699 11,359 Arkansas 87,319 42,530 5.322 19,467 California 435,519 317.255 27,485 90.799

Colorado 57,122 39.820 6,322 12,172 Connecticut 48,439 31,994 2,903 11,542 Delaware 14,829 10,190 1,079 3,580 District of Columbia .. . 36,050 248133 5.694 5,703 Plordla 183,1t 4 98.619 12,579 51,968

Georgia 152,281 98,733 5,731 49,797 Hawaii 28,251 20887 2.419 4,948 Idaho 18,318 12,441 1,712 4,165 Illinois 208,732 136,811 14,849 57,272 Indiana 82,322 48,857 5,210 28,249

Iowa 53,157 31.287 3,312 18,558 Kansas 49449 31,753 4,577 13,119 Kentucky 103.518 60.854 10,881 31,983 Louisiana 124,327 69,283 9,0131 45,983 Maine 24,380 15,717 1.824 8.819

Maryland 97,024 89882 4,131 23,011 Massachusetts 112,176 71,909 8,038 32,629 Michigan 159,125 109890 9.378 40,057 44innesota 75,848 48,089 4,019 25.740 Mississippi 129,009 60,730 38.687 29.812

Missouri 93.845 58,628 8,522 28,897 Montana 21.361 15,789 2,270 3,302 Nebraska 35,095 24.405 2,047 8.643 Nevada 11,041 8613 870 1,788 New Hampshire 13,903 9,419 1.005 3.479

New Jersey 138,994 97,920 10,348 31,728 New Mexico 50.877 35,288 3.610 11,782 New York 491484 381,2135 27,577 102,842 North Caroline 178,373 112,511 11,388 52,474 North Dakota 20,522 14,870 1,191 4,481

Ohio 189,740 105,442 10.495 63,803 Oklahoma 71,734 443,150 6848 18,738 Oregon 41,112 28,280 2,047 10,785 Pennsylvania ..... 237,822 170,089 11,18E 56,588 Rhoda Island 23,304 17,589 1,042 4,893

South Carolina 104.403 88.102 6,810 3t,491 South Dekora 24,773 18,006 1,749 5,018 Tennessee 109,944 68,026 7,741 34,177 Texas 317,202 211.205 18.273 87,724 Utah 29.502 20.217 1,898 7,397

Vermont 10,205 8.719 930 2,558 Virginia 152.092 109,829 5.545 36,918 Washington 89,598 49.154 5,081 15,381 West Virginia 47.811 28,872 4.019 14,720 Wisconsin 69,500 42,825 4,815 22,080 Wyoming 9897 7.621 595 1,681

Puerto Rico 90,834 53.989 7,443 29,222 Virgin Islands 8,013 3.074 782 1,157 Other territories 11,179 8,533 633 2,013

Indudes elementary-secondary education; occupations , vocational, end adult

education; and elumenteryeecondary education for handicapped children. 2 Data from Federal Aid to States, Fiscal Year 1973. Department of the Treasury. 3 includes amounts for National School Lunch Program, Special Milk Program

!Schools), School Breakfast Program, Cost of Commodities to Schools Program, and Nonfood Assistance Program.

NOTE.-Date combine "obligated" amounts for the Office of Educa..on and

expenditures for otter agencies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics.

130 144
Table 142. Office of Education expenditures. by lagidativo prog...... local yews 1960 to 1975

!In thousands of dollars!

Lovingly. imagism 1950 1982 1984 1968 1988 1970 1971 1872 1973 19741 19751.3

1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOO 13459035 $347.400 $873.008 $2.034,426 $3.513.478 114.111,598 SWUM $4003,711 04.990.203 65.885.1369 35,171,836 v . Elementary end Secondary Education

Act3 .. 811 1.247 1.848 8113.982 1,327,723 1,412,949 1,743.115 1.835.584 1.784.215 2,139.320 098,459

Taw I. Educationally deprived children ... 748,904 1.049,116 41,170,355 1.518.210 1870,389 1,504.842 1.772.100 478.440 Taw II Library resources .. . 47,871 91,084 44.1370 59.253 74,848 80.835 95,199 55.700

Title III Supplementary education

car ars 10.938 1131,258 188,781 112,071 122.527 128,813 177.149 91.840

74 V. &lengthening State departments

r aducetions 811 1,247 1,848 11,789 28.297 29,247 28.545 32,879 31,911 50.428 14,372

Title VII Bilingual education 8,192 20,878 28,010 29,854 34,291 55,221

Tills VIII. Dropout promotion 3,704 13,180 9,112 8,380 10,153 56913 258,198 282,903 334.289 409.593 500.372 . .. 1333.372 527.043 848.8113 580.493

1 647.051 482,0130

School assistance in lederelly effected

asses 174.850 228.419 283.888 353,851 470,887

I.

Maintenance end operabon 820,483 508,851 828,305 580,518 519.268 458,080

Construction .. . .......... . 83.348 56,490 50.1301 55,742 35.4135 35,909 20,192 20.303 19,977 27.783 24.000

Higher Education Act 35,232

4 385,884 631,090 853,307 772,707 845,729 1,233,018

1 1,877,828

` Title 1 University community minces . . 3,928 9,897 10,889 10.983 9,618 5,791 14,771 8,883

Title II. Library oeglems 6

wings library resources 48.906 34.083 5,598 3,913 8.800 14,1380 10,155

Lenny training 11.381 7,005 4,789 2,489 4,409 4.440 4,319

Acquisibt.a and cataloging by Library

of Congress 306 8.470 5,:21 7,079 6,805 3.849 979

TM* HI. Strengthening developing

institutions 22.428 27.731 35,894 35.7138 40,072 80,919 113,300

Tale IV. Student assuance.

Equal opportunity grants 103,104 142,57'! 180678 187,1300 183,107 7379,154 7733,337

Work atudy program and cooperative

education 30.834 111,812 172.078 191,085 251,997 350,843 228,229 253.188

Insured loans .... 29.947 98,330 150,396 201,321 208.498 338.474 315.733 Student loans insurance fund 2,323 11,035 28.589 43.279 83,216 112,598

Title V. Teacher Corps 382 18.019 18,191 28.781 23,887 32.092 35,028 43,788

Title VI. Undergraduate instructional assistance. Television end other equipment 5.415 4,9813 2.258 5,884 11,841 3,034 11,797

Special prolamin for disadvantaged

relent Search, Special Services.

Upward Bound 10 2,497 7,437 44,215 43.983 45,302 74.248 89.881

105.526 461,968 437,387

a 340,033 212.828 188,284 82.980

' Higher Education Facilities Act 70.152 Title I. Public community colleges and

techncal institutes and other undergraduate facilities 48,739 317.003 317,227 277,590 180,700 151.088 57.753 38.894 State administration and planning 1.875 5.088 5,981 5,540 7,221 Maw disaster areas 147 200 45 Title II Graduate lemmas 4,220 37,970

Title 111 College constrychon loans .. . 50.892 101.719 114,199 58.802 24,468 8,018 13,462 17.931 Construction loans interest subsidisation 1 39 9,133 11.785 13,627

131 145
Table 142. Office of Education expenditures. by 15001811118 8701178M: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 Continued

I In thousands of dollars!

Legislative progiem 1980 1982 1984 1968 1988 1970 1971 1912 1973 19141 141751.7

1 2 3 4 b 8 1 8 9 10 11 12 Vocational education/1 . 45.179 51.782 54.603 128.468 255.234 285,568 370,954 430,722 518.138 490,527 248.821 Vocational Education Act of 1984. . Gerespearden and suoglementai aeu

SmithHughes Act .

. . 45,178 51.162 54,503 118.398 250.197 271,282 328.087 370,819 446,975 404,502 184.103 Work etude Program and cooperative education

innovative Programs in vocational education end research . . . .

.. 10.012 5.021 6.322

1.133

16,011 8.801 24.758

13.777 25,635

16,376 28.054

19,751 19.040 National advisory councils .. . 12.938 State advisory councils . . .... 94 271 321 370 338 Consumer and homemaking education . . .

. ...

. 2,218 500 2.474 15.310

2.858

19,091

2,685

26.197

3.081 34.803

61 20.419 Education professions development . . . 8,683 13,893 13,969 42.147 80,271 104,671 93.541 93,117 88,240 82.585 62,851

Elementary end secondary teacher

honing prograne . 8.683 13.893 13.989 47.147 58,387 72,924 83.078 69.641 73.445 .

Preschool, elementary, and secondary 12,234 56,053

training grants to States . . . . .... Higher education Ironing programs .. 21.500 22.525 13.552 6.403 2,875 1,438

.... 1,884 10,247 7,939 9,924 8.392 7.476 5,380

Public Library Services and Construction ---

Act 8,068 6,932 7.443 40,915 82.017 52.887 52,270 54,086 45.782 82,214 40,311 8.056 6,932 7,443 25,000 34,306 33.489

r 37,637 44,284 37,168 64,042 28,656

Public Weary services . . .. ....... Construction

Interlibrary couPnalion .. . 15.915 26.815 17,527 12.788 7,184 5,818 13,149 5,260 . .... 1,096 1,871 1,845 2,618 2,696 5,023 8,395

i Educational improvenunt for the I

380 1,191 4.982 15,386 40.955 79,065 85,146 93,138 105,356 96,131 120.783 Education for the handicapped . . . . . . 7,861 31.073 29.280 32,857

39,572 Teacher education and recruitment . 308 943 35,544 18.324 Research end innovation I includes 2,488 10,448 24.182 31,219 27.368 25.305 28,187 24,350 46.2118 deetblind and MOWN

centedl .12 Captioned Rims end Mudge winces 248

. 1.018 3,227 8.377 12,515 20.687 18,883 21,584 16,961 32,189

Early childhood education . 1.500 1.691 649 4.258 5,079 11,706 9,281 9,878 13,486

.... 2,784 8887 6,732 9A08 12,518

117,965 158,801 218,338 320.172 370,034 332,898 330.783 392.233 382,735 385,928 357,656

National Defense Education Act . .. .

Tine II. Student loans and Tale In. Instructional assistance

cenceitetions .. .. 40,326 74.532 111.729 177,394 182.825 194.520 231.708 287.183 287.075 305,220 397.955 Grants and loanslo

Tato iv Col*e welcher fellowships

49,848 39.510 56.131 78,175 85.916 58,647 44,847 42.829 38,602 44,882 31.850 Title V Guidance. counting. and

. 4,820 17,313 19.680 31.974 60.650 63,518 40.884 53,782 1126.316 1131,788 1111.510

testing . . . .. . .. 12,670 14.064 13.710 22,017 23.093 Title VI. Language deeelheillent I Z

Language and area centers, Wove

ships, and research 10,301 13.382 15,088 12,612 17.550 18,313 13.548 8,858 12.742 14.228 18.331 Research and development . . . .. 5.004 7,461 12,712 31,245 79,955 87,823 114,905 17102,235 13101,003 3357,168 3348.204 Trawling and researan

Construction 4,832 6,736 6.939 4,844

Research and development and 'duce.

. . . 333 1,911 3,582 13,085

vane media research and

'Insemination (mondee

amounts lot raseatch in

education renewal pro POsal114 T...s.:.....L04 7,461 12.712 31.245 74.790 79.170 104.394 1584.308

132 146
Table 142. -Office of Education expenditures, by logistativa program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 -Continued

(In thousands of stoners(

Leglidohvit program 1980 1982 1984 1988 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741 197514

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 I1 12

eNIMINON Adult Mac educsoon/6

.

33.8113 28.701 43.484 57 .418 55.971 57,124 75.5137 30,522

Civil rights activities 5,291 7.437 10,1308 19,132 22.315 9.721 3,821

Landgrant colleges 5.052 10.744 14.500 14,500 14.500 21.981 12,690 12.600 18.700 12.200 Consolidated:education

grants . 1010.400

Dag Atom . . ... . 8,918 119313 8,435 5,818

Spec* lamp tummy program

training, issewoh and Hu*

Irate to American institutions

erimitial 8 138 500 857 774 1,749 2.279 1,883 2,877 2,878

Edo/Anima Moacasung feaditiesIT .. .. 4.183 5.590 12,182 10,069 13,980 15,197

Follow Through 2.024 38.995 46,1369 40.347

India education .. .. 16,990 37,005

Ernergency school manna . .. 51.239 139.899 40.966 193,157 232.985 Wax of Education Warns and

expenses, indudmg waned

awned and penning and evaluation 11,608 12.684 14,251 25.901 40,908 47,714 68.170 73.645 101.806 119.173 137.182 Middleman evaded accounts . .... 17,745 11.049 Candidata Working Fund-net advances

and rambunements .29 -202 ^1.788 -1A26 -9.325 +2.404 -769 -207 -1.889

Expenditures from /math transferred to

the Office of Education by other

Federal agencies.14

Mamma Development and

Nutmeg Actl9 84,777 75,532 99,451 121,461 141,529 128,800 128.711 127.925 Educational wansion team» 1,982 4.883 8,737 0

Mutual exchange ammo (foreign

currency/20 1.592 1.434 930 944 873 829 848

Appalachian Regional Development

and Training ActI 1 21.753 27.128 37.906 36,840 45,249 42.972 Cuban Ream Program 5.195 9603 9.302 18.990 19,488 19,851 18.110 14.060 11,830

Office of Economic

Ofiwortumw23 64881 686 38,234 47,280 78,096 12,032

Consolidated Working Fundwross

outlay 82 3.069 2,20u 10,515 11.395 6,185 513.000 3.377 2,070 2,381

I Estimated.

2 Champs in program amounts may Wiest than prepaid "consolidated

education grants" for 1975 1$1,910400.000) that include amounts for

disadvantaged MI.260.800.0001, Pundit:aped 11138.2000013), innovation

1585.000.0010. supporting onvices ($88.100.000). vocational education

19382.000,0001. and 'duds 1986,300,0001.

3 TIN VI for education of OW handlcelMed is not Included tree but is included

under "Educe:47nel improvement for the handicapped" "Nutrition and

Health" Included in "Hassid+ and Devadomant."

4 includes some 'Wintery eimendory school axpendlams horn expired

accounts 5 Indudes Tide X, National Calera ;demotion Act INDEA).

Amounts for comae library inmeomment we included under research and

deeln0Pmlin

Includes BIM Educational Opportunity Diann.

° Amounts for vocational tesearch are included under 1131111tCh end development.

9 Includes funds for Veda training institutes later 1989/ provided under the National Poundedon on the Arts and the Humanities Act and NDEA. 10 Includes assistance under MO National Foundation on the Arts and this Humanities Act. II Includes "Bander" fellowships.

12 Includes Fulltinghtiris Act.

1.87

15 Includes transfers to the National Institute of Education. Program detail not wadable. 14 Includes amounts for college library Improvement and vocational Werth in

addition to other R. & 0. funds. 12 Includes **Nutrition and Health." 16 Includes amounts for adult vocational education sad adult

vocationdeduation teacher training.

17 Amounts for this activity supported with tsandened funds prior to 1860.

15 Arnaura listed below are not Included in the Office of Education expenditure

weds.

10 Includes amounts for Area Redealopment Act.

20 Includes Educational Eschew.

21 Funds ttansfewed prior to 1967 ant included in the Consolidated Working

Fund. Since 1972, also includes Deveiooment nalltios. Economic

Development Assistants. Department of Commerce: Ragland Development

Programs. Regional AGEISM Planning Convnissiy: and Military Construction,

Army.

22 Some 0E0 transfers also included in the Consolklaqd Working Fund

SOURCE: Compiled by the Nations) Comer for Education Statistics and the

Office of Administration. Office of Education. U.S. Department of Health,

Education, and men.
Table 143. - Federal obligations to Wrinkles and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 19721

I In thousands of dollars)

State Of other wea

Department or agency

Total

Department

of

Agnculture

Atomic

Energy

Commission

Department

of

Defense

Environmental

Proration

Agents

Health, Edu

cation, and

Welfare

Deportment

of the

Interior

National

Aeronautics

end Space

Administration

National

Science

Foundation

Otheri

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

00

11 Total $5,207,214 8238,556 8704,299 $442,843 823.284 $3,837,419 $24.395 $330,298 $500889 $105,838

Alabama 74,176 8.269 70 1,658 116 58,333 436 1,874 2.108 2,167 Alaska 10.902 1,060 247 3,097 118 2,148 232 670 2,805 527 Adeona 45,009 2,387 382 2,469 199 23,600 337 1,821 13,285 880 Arkansas 27,544 8,012 88 0 38 20895 182 29 1,021 101 California 895.559 8,151 228.790 37.821 2.192 298,689 1,820 230,129 78,457 11,810

Colorado 83,140 2,828 1,050 4,902 389 40.760 1,825 3,972 30862 2,858 Connecticut 69,897 1,821 3,013 3,032 80 53,268 228 527 7,376 853 Delaware ...... 7,612 1,461 13 245 74 3,541 100 30 2,058 0 Dntnct of Columbia 108.149 811 174 4,117 436 93.628 88 1,453 2,857 4,988 Florida 102.154 4,883 1,818 8,175 1.600 89,199 320 874 12,400 5,601

Georgia 70,529 8.055 931 3,044 359 50,064 293 876 5,672 1,238 Hawaii 22.930 1.378 834 1,641 0 11,540 104 2.198 3,758 1,528 Idaho .

Minas

7,8138 1,980 18 223 0 4,747 382 0 680 0

381,171 8.951 190,801 8.877 1,203 118,739 348 4,160 28.883 1,781 Indiana 81,014 5,869 2.562 2,741 440 48.888 628 1,941 18,482 2,806

lows 57.015 5,888 7.789 785 202 36,881 428 1,829 3.787 690 Kansas 41,020 3,819 877 610 72 31,502 222 820 3,178 220 Kentucky . 42,801 8,494 40 296 17 31,483 242 640 1,390 100 Lowsiena Maine 58.028

8.877

5,948

1,987

231 1,07028 329

77

44.1130 5.668

125

107

713

0

4,005

833

1,427

188

Massechusens

Maryland 197,809 3,312 3.014 102.400 183 68,464' 160 6,252 8,628 8,448 371,758 2,876 13,220 143,979 1,600 130,693 538 25,585 46,084 7,323 Michigan 141,409 8,681 4.244 9.062 1,128 93,572 308 5,810 18,198 4,818 Minnesota 78.318 6,479 1,440 2,066 756 88,108 554 2,690 5.323 4,013 Mississippi 40.905 7.959 20 208 538 28,475 127 313 2,731 539 Missouri 93,450 7,108 357 2.358 102 75.915 358 1,180 6,249 786 Montana 12,973 2,428 71 72 285 8,524 440 95 1,081 0 Nebraska 27,081 3,781 48 78 es 21,321 238 199 1,113 315 Nevada

New Hampshire

8,978

18,852

1,098

1,312

371

so

288

260 289

so

3,248

11.908

1,029

100

10

721 601

1,720

48

624

New Jenny 75.900 2.854 10,358 3,837 489 45848 172 3,006 8,246 1,881 New Mexico 185,775 2,158 128,328 6,523 28 24,080 483 2,132 1,905 1,138 New York 487,403 7872 78.853 17,017 1,819 283,0139 693 7,523 64.246 8,712 North Caroline .....

North Dakota

130.693

14,781

11,082

2.395

1,540

4

3,090

100

1,091

48

98,793

9,888

237

1,790

485

18

10,440

439

3,915

106

Ohio 134,184 7,605 1,401 11,037 1,013 99,848 388 1,613 9,883 3,038 Oklahoma 38,595 5,098 57 1,784 421 28,998 283 958 2.796 223 Oregon 51,803 2,087 884 1,718 881 35.938 258 504 8,648 2,309 Pennsylvania 210,990 8,145 3,856 10.880 1,120 152,384 1,230 2,120 23,879 1,698 Rhode Island 21,871 1870 807 2,048 195 9,841 216 204 6,144 1,349

South Carolina 35,306 6,019 58 609 380 28,489 187 101 1,614 71 South Dakota 18,279 2,343 43 108 52 11,483 1,104 11 1.103 35 Tennessee 92,200 7,802 8.888 953 171 70,458 378 411 4,890 641 Texas 189,828 12.787 2,800 9,854 744 135,000 899 7,827 13,750 8,387 Utah 47.370 1,812 1,604 4,420 397 30,249 1,358 1,104 6,188 1,340

Vermont 13,436 1,410 21 378 se 10,1398 100 15 801 148 Virginia 68,918 8.909 911 10,818 113 41,739 475 2,8513 4,374 1,124 Washington West Virginia . ...... 97,473 3,533 2.737 7,303 818 80.771 410 980 12,389 2,532 29,339 3,870 0 75 294 18,485 811 57 7,059 1,088 Wisconsin 97.065 6,474 2,846 923 88,282 380 2.482 10,934 6,081 Wyoming 7,372 1,273 84 584 110 3,345 912 101 983 0

Guam 493 0 0 0 42 442 0 0 9 0

Puerto Rico 31,684 6,697 IWO 0 0 17,958 loo 0 4.892 0 Virgin Islands ...... 562 53 0 0 492 0 0 14 3

Dollars reflect actual obligations of 14 Federal agencies during the fiscal year,

'wordless of when funds were went by a recipient institution, Including

federally funded research end development centers administered by univeisitles

and Wimps. Excludes repayable loans to students and institutions as well as

amounts for Fedora, employe* Veining.

2 Includes Department of Cummerce. Department of II .sing and Urban

Development, Department of Labor. Department of Transportation, Agency for

international Development, and Office of Economic Opoortunity.

SOURCE: Notional Science Foundation, NSF 74-305, Federal Support to

Chilvenitles Colledes. end Selected Nonprofit InstItudom Fiscal Year l 97Z

134 148
Table 144. Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education. by program area and by State; Fiscal year 1973

(In thousands of dollen(

State or other we Total

Elementary.

secondary

aducistiont

Education

for the

handicapped Occu Patients!. vocational.

end adult

education

Higher

education

Education

personnel

development

Library

resources OtheA

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9

Tool 64.730.107 82.808.658 8130.097 9560.032 8981,861 8114A92 $53,209 $72,760 .----....

102,550 62.442 2.297 12,1ee

.4 Alabama 21,759 1,797 890 1.197

Alaska 41.293 36.041 465 1,321 2.015 551 389 611 Arizona 58.927 37,580 1,611 5,716 10,955 1,719 897 289

Arkansas 55.130 38,895 788 8,305 10.212 888 511 533

California 443,681 270.207 11238 43,683 97.959 12.427 3.472 4,718

Colorado 68.906 32.322 3.473 6,905 14,218 2.637 834 8,718

Connecticut 49,219 26.003 1,1384 GAO 11,994 1,790 719 1,346

Delaware 14,228 8,239 370 1,751 2810 192 444 322

District of &Mumble 44.426 21.417 5203 3,038 9.144 1,897 509 2,721

Florida 133.593 80,493 3,551 11,066 27,549 3,266 1.664 1,405

Monis 124844 80,994 2,310 14,907 22.121 2825 1.057 630

Harall 26.445 18.092 393 2,895 4,368 343 540 116

Idaho 18,080 9.363 523 2,878 3.918 525 364 619

Illinois 194,581 110.845 4,485 24.065 48,578 3,098 2,149 1,591

Indians 76.912 34,007 2.673 13.933 21.309 2,124 1,311 1,558

Iowa 52.483 22,959 2.982 7,838 15.693 1,374 820 820 Kansas 50.481 24.913 2.853 8.482 12.502 UM 718 1,118

Kentucky 81873 49,594 2,258 10,888 15.157 2,184 1.111 693

Louisiana 93.068 56,159 1.200 12,427 19,641 2,238 732 773

Maine 25.530 12.084 617 3.453 7.494 914 438 580

Maryland 91,241 e9,662 1887 9829 18,089 1.108 900 1888 Massachusetts 118.000 56.946 4,714 13,605 34,894 2.993 1.444, 1.604

Michigan 159.028 88,809 4,888 21,491 38.919 3880 1801 1,713

Minnows 75,287 34,850 3,840 10.548 21.321 1.881 1,151 2.178

Mississippi 80.152 52.434 1.077 7.872 16,711 1,191 708 181 Missouri 84.739 44,880 2,184 12,977 20.598 1.604 1,414 1.102

Montana 23.049 12.882 414 2,707 5,206 914 387 859

Nebraska 34.769 19,709 782 4.448 7.629 1,314 529 348 Nevada 12.468 6.915 578 1.488 1.985 887 312 291 New Hampshire 18887 6,687 364 2832 5,288 288 603 257

New Jersey 125869 81.023 1.914 15.717 21,374 3.138 1,329 1.368

New Mexico 49813 31316 2,118 3.789 8.183 2,778 685 788

New Volk 468.449 321,219 12,103 37.112 73,788 9,064 3891 11,472

North Cooling 151.722 94.368 3.509 11228 31.733 2.358 1,472 1.056

North Dakota 22,715 12,230 581 2,440 8,918 683 478 385

Ohio 158,101 78,293 4406 27,274 40.563 4,905 2,209 2.417

Oklahoma 85,224 37.798 1,293 7,921 14.738 2,224 904 348

Oregon 47.835 21,477 4.071 6.448 12,990 1.000 882 987

Pennsylvania 224290 138.859 LOW 20.648 42,804 4,068 2.238 2,182

Rhode Island 24,778 14,349 596 3,020 5.188 519 487 819

South Carolina 84,019 56,110 1,574 9,499 14,156 1.0415 1,111 528

South Dakota 26249 16.163 434 2.843 6,208 1.498 368 940

Tennessee 94,665 54,557 2.478 12.790 20,359 2,723 910 849

Texas 276.963 175,191 6.706 33,993 48,036 7843 2,122 2,283

Utah 30.032 15,9133 1.758 4.013 7,358 388 383 139

Vermont 12,384 4824 549 1,895 3.750 258 387 943

Virginia 1313428 94)383 2.628 14,244 20.286 2.888 1,211 840

Ihtshington 74,430 39,582 1882 8,977 18,737 2,482 836 1,851

Vint Vkginie 40.712 22844 788 5,931 9833 804 529 403

Wisconsin 76,834 29.679 2,529 12.148 27.280 2.304 1,402 1,314

WyonIng 11.230 6,887 528 1,684 2,093 613 312 393

Oidlyine sow

American Sonar 1,347 646 112 173 32 37 74 174 Guam 8.073 4.736 122 382 ger 38 03 38

Nano Rico 85.458 43,738 LOIS 9,681 9.470 794 843 190

Trust Territory of taw

Pacific Isiords 2,590 1,987 122 410 4 37 80

Virgin Islands 3,928 2,740 .44

_ 152 264 628 52 61

Includes ESEA Titles I, 11, 111, V. and VII; NDEA Title 111; Follow Through;

School Asthma* in Federally Affected Areas; and Emergency School Aid.

Includes amounts for educe:eon broadcasting facilities. Sesame Stmt. drug

duos education. Right to Rod. environmental education, nutrition and holith,

dropout prevention. education statistics, national adrift:swans studies. and

135

149

postsecondary innovation.

SOURCE: Complied by do National Center for Education Statistics. U.B.

Department of Health. Education, and Wars, from Office of Education Budget

Division tabulations.
Table 1411. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materiels and equipment, by program: Fiscal year 1973

tin thousands of dollars!

Program Total

InfINC11001MMIIIIIIIS

Printed and

NAM materials

Instructional

equipment

Pub. Audio- visual materials

Audio.

visual

.......... Other

Books Other 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total 11403,615 $112.669 $135A117 $10A80 $47373 $109,699

Elementary and secondary education activities.

Assistance for educationally daybed children

!Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Title 11 School library materials !Elementary and 50.100 5.100 25.000 7.000 5.000 18,000

Secondary Education Act. Title III 85.000 42.500 .... 42,500 .... Supplementary educational centers and services

:elementary and Secondary Education Act. Tide 1111

Instructional assistance (National Defense

11,558 3,218 4,824 2.680 870 288

Education Act, Title 1111

Educatonal broadcasting feciliels

48A00 7,500 .... 5.700 19A00 13.800 22,041 Civil rights advisory services 13,000 9,041

Environment education 918 304 408 204 102 557 .... 508 49

Occupational, vocational, and adult education 102.898 19.535 21,808 3.385 3,380 64.790

Improvement of undergraduate instruction

!Higher Education Acs) 12,500 1,010 1,000 .... 4,000 8,500

Library and community services:

Public library services 18.800 10.800 1,200 3,000 800 1,200 Library resources !Higher Education Act,

Title III 12405 8.885 550 2.970

Education for the handicapped:

Captioned films for the deaf and media

serve es 875 40 55 430 150 .... Emergency school assistance 33,883 13,889 10,334 8,b70 1.070 .... SOURCE: Special tabulation by the Budget Division, Office of Planning. Budgeting. and Evaluation, Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health.

Education, and Welfare.

136

150
CHAPTER V

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the

United States

This chapter consists of a collection of miscellaneous tables which do not fit readily into one of the

other chapters. They were selected because they are

closely related to education in the United States and

are of general interest. They are arranged in six major

categories: (1) Employment status and job opportunities of persons completing educational programs

and of school dropouts, (2) international education,

(3) library and public television statistics, (4) research

and development, (5) equal educational opportunity,

and (6) National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Included in the first group of tables are data from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the employment of

recent high school and college graduates and

dropouts. Other tables provide information from the

College Placement Council on salaries offered

candidates for bachelor's, master's, and doctor's

degrees.

The section on international education contains

Institute of International Education data on

American college students and college faculty abroad

and on foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education. A related table, showing

the number of foreign students attending college in

each State in fall 1972, appears in chapter III of this

report. Two other tables provide statistics from the

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO) on population and school

enrollment for the world, the continents, and selected

countries. The figures in these latter tables show

general magnitudes only, but they are suitable for

making rough comparisons among countries. The

enrollment estimates were prepared in a variety of

ways and for different years, and the enrollment

groupings by level are not strictly comparable from

one country to another.

The third group of tables contains data from the

National Center for Education Statistics on public

libraries, college and university libraries, Federal

libraries, and public television stations. Also included

are data from Publisher's Weekly and the Library

Journal on trends in the prices of books and

periodicals. A table providing Bureau of Labor

Statistics estimates of the number of librarians in the

country has been included again this year.

The fourth group of tables relates to the general

area of research and development. Included is a table

showing the number and median salary of scientists

on the National Science Foundation's National

Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel by

field and by type of employer. Other tables, utilizing

data obtained from the National Science Foundation,

show the amounts and sources of funds used for

research and development. Additional information on

Federal funds for research and development may be

found in chapter IV.

The next group of tables presents statistics from

the Commissioner's report on Equality of Educedonal Opportunity, released by the Office of Education in 1966, and from recent data distributed by the

Office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and

Welfare.

The final group of tables was derived from the

National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Summary data are presented on the performance of

persons in various age groups in the areas of writing,

citizenship, science, reading, literature, and music.

137

1St
Table 146. - College enrollment and labor force status of 1973 high school graduates. by sex. color, and maritalstatus of women: United States. October 1973

(Numbers in thousands)

Item

Civilian non

institutasnel

population

Civilian tabor orce

Number

Number Percent

As percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Number As percent of

civilian labor force

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Not in

labor

force

9

Both sexes

Total 3,059 Who le . . . . . . . . . 2,707 Negro and other races . 352

Enrolled in condor . 1.425

Pull-hrnr 1.341 Perttime 84

Nut enroved in comp

100.0

88.b

11.5

60.2 1.008 232 12.8

1,653

46.6

43.8

2.7 1.634 53.4

Men

Total 1.458

Enrolled ai Lunette

Not mooned in CdIftgff

730

128

Women

Total 1,801

Enrolled , iiiiege

Not enrolled college

Sulu

Married .iirt other nuntal status=

695

908

732

174

187 523

456

67

1,317

81.1 1,473

53.1

38.7

34.0

79.8

80.6

135 453

38

66

1,155

180

52

10.9

27.8

70

68

2

182

13.4

14.9

111 12.3

1,219

1.054

185 902

885

17 317

100.0

50.1

49.9

948

288

657

84.8 844 101 39.5

90.2

39

82

10.7

13.5

9.4

513

442

71 100.0

43.4

58.8

45.7

10.9

696

235

66t

562

98

65.9

33.8

72.8

76.8

56.3

131

31 14.8

100

13.2 16.2

479

81 83

17 14.8

17.3

708

480

248

170

78 Percent nut shown where base is less then 75.000.

2 Includes wicluvwd, divorced, and separated woman. NOTE. Data are for the civilian nomnstitutional population 16 to 24 years of

ay. Because of rounding, detads may not add to totals.

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor Force Report, Employment or SehoolAge Youth, October 1971

138 152
Table 147. -Employment status of 1973 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1972 -73 school dropouts, by sex, color, and marital

status of women: United States, October 1973

(Numbers in thousands)

Item

Civilian non

institutional

populahor

Civilian labor force Not in labor force

Number Percent Number

As percent

of

population

Employed

Unemployed

Total In special

Number As percent of schools civilian labor force

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1973 high school ()Memo not

enrolled In college

Total 1,834 100.0 1.317 80.8 1.166 1E12 12.3 317 102 Men .................. 728 44.8 657 90.2 595 62 9.4 71 14 Women 906 55.4 680 72.8 580 100 16.2 246 88

Single 732 44.8 562 78.8 479 83 14.8 170 (1I

Married and other mental status2 174 10.6 98 66.3 81 17 17.3 76 (11

White 1.406 86.0 1.158 82.4 1,041 117 10.1 247 91 Negro and uther races 229 14.0 159 69.4 114 45 28.3 70 11 1972- 73 school dropouts3

Total4 784 100.0 519 66.2 404 115 22.2 266 27

Men 442 58.4 358 81.0 272 86 24.0 84 19 Women 342 43.6 181 47.1 132 29 18.0 181 8

Single 227 29.0 120 52.9 96 24 20.0 107 8

Married and Odin =neat status2 116 14.7 41 35.7 38 5 (5) 74 - White 808 77.8 422 69.4 332 90 21.3 188 20

Negro and other rams 176 22A 97 55.1 72 25 25.8 79 7

I Date nor available.

2 Includes widowed, divorced. and separated women.

3 Persons who dropped out of school between October 1972 and October 1973.

4 h. addition, 128,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school.

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

571-503 0 - 75 - 10 139 153

NOTE. -Date are for the civilian noninsintaianal population 16 to 24 years at

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Spacial Labor

Force Report. Employment of &boob Age lima% October 1973.
TabIe149.-Maior occupation groups of employed high scliod graduates not enrolled in college, by year of bleb school graduation. and of school dtePoulc, by year last attended school, by sex: United States, October 1973

(Percentage distribution of persons 16 to 24 years of age)

Mater occupation soup and sex Y Graduates of - Dropouts last attended

school1971 1972 1973 1971 1972 1973

2 3 4 5 8 7 MEN

All occupation groups: Number !thumb) 824 810 598 241 216 180

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Percent

Professional. technical, and kindred waken

Manners end ad ministrators. except farm 4.4 3.0 2.0 0.8 1.9 1.3

Sales workers 4.3 3.3 2.0 2.5

Clerical and kindred workers 5.5 52 4.4 1.7 1.3

Craft and kindred workers 8.5 7.0 6.2 3.7 42 2.6 22.3 22.8 17.8 Operatives, except transport 20.4 11.9

Transport equiperent operatives 19.8 22.8 27.9 298 27.3 28.2

Laborers. except farm 6.3 8.7 4.7 8.2 8.5 6.0

Private household workers 18.1 18.4 21.2 27.3 23.1 25.8

Service workers. except private household Farmers and farm mews 5.7 /.) 9.1 6.2 10.2 13.2 1.3 .2 Farm laborers and supervisors 1.3 3.8 2.3 4.4 7.0 8.1 11.3 WOMEN

AO occupation groups: Number ithomaneb) 792 607 560 100 111 71

Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Professions% technical, and kindred workers

Managers old ademnistrators. except farm

4.3 2.8 2.9 09 1.3 1.0 .4 Sales workers

Clerical end kindred workers 5.9 8.4 10.2 6.0 3.9

Craft and Snicked workers

52.1 53.3 47.8 20.0 18.2

Operatives. .cept transport 1.0 13 .7 23

Transport equipment operatives

13.4 11.5 13.1 21.0 30.0

Laborers. except farm 2.0

Private household workers 1.1 1.6 1.6 8.0 18 1.9 3.3 32 7.0 11.8 Service WOMOVI. except Wynn) household

Fannin and farm managers 18.6 19.9 30.0 31.8

Farm laborers and superman . .3 .2 .4 6.0 .9 els

1 Percent not shown where base is lass than 75.000.

NOTE.- Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department or Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor Fora Report No. 168, Employment of Nth School Graduate. and Dropout; October 3973.

Table 149.-0a55110555 groups of employed deem ne19101101, by sex: United States, October 1971

(Percentage distribution' - Occupedon group Both

sexes Men Women Occupation group Both

sexes Men

. Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Total: Number fin thousands)

Percent

1.024 599 429 Managers and administrate's, except farm 23 3.2 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sales workers 7.1 11.3 1.7 Cleric.: cod kindred workers 11.9 7.1 182 -..- Professional aid technical workers 69.6 662 74.1 . 2.6 ... 8.1 Secretaries, stenographers. end typists ...... . .. . Engineers 6.3 11.1 2 Other clerical workers 9.3 7.1 \ Life and physical scientists 12.1 .8 1.3 2 i IL iseenn occupations

Social scientists

5.3 4.7 6.1 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 1.9 3.4 . . . Teachers. college and university

2.1 2.1 22 Operatives end kindred workers 19 2.8 .5 3.7 5.4 13 Laborers. except farm end mine Teachers, except college .8 1.6 ... 33.5 20.8 ...,493 Farmers and farm laborers Engineering and science technicians .6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 Service workers Other professional, technical, and 3.6 3.4 39

kindred workers 18.8 19.7 13.1

. Osta are for persons under age 35 in the civilian naninstitutionelpopulation

in October 1971 who received badhelor's or advanced degrees in 1970 or 1971 and who were not enrolled In school full time in October 1971.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment of Recent College Graduates. October 3973.

140 154
Table 150. - Relationship of work of degree recipients' to major field of study, and reason for working In a job not directly related tofield:

United States, October 1871

(Percentage distribution]

Relationship and meson Total

Sex of recipient Type of degree Major field of study

Men Women BP.:haloes

All

other

Business or commerce Education Humanities

Social

sciences

All

other

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 RELATIONSHIP OF

WORK TO FIELD

Total employed:

Number lin thousands) 1924 599 425 798 2258 178 258 140 198 250

Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Directly related 58.1 54.5 83.3 52.0 ... 51.2 77.9 44A 35.1 87.6

Not directly related 419 45.5 38.7 48.0 ... 48.8 22.1 55.6 649 32.4

Somewhat related 19.0 219 14.8 19.7 ... 35.9 8.3 24.4 20.2 13.8

Not elated 229 23.6 219 28.3 .. . 129 13.8 31.1 44.7 18.6

MAIN REASON FOR WORK

NOT DIRECTLY RELATED

Not directly Meted:

Number lin thousends1 429 273 156 369 261 87 57 78 128 81

Percent .. 100.0 100.0 1009 100.0 PI 100.0 (31 Imo 100.0 100.0

r- _ Only lob could find 44.0 339 61.4 44.5 ... 37.7 . .. 38.8 43.4 39.7

Better opportunities for advancement

than in major field 12.0 18.4 .7 12.1 ... 18.2 . .. 10.3 11.5 8.2

To see if tiked kind of work 12.0 13.5 9.3 11.5 .. . 15.8 . 11.8 14.2 11.0

Did not want to work in field 5,7 4.1 8.8 4.8 11.8 8.8 5.5

All other 262 30.2 20.0 27.0 .. . 28.6 ... 299 22.1 36.6

Data me for persons under age 35 In the civilian nonInstitutional

population in October 1971 who received bachelor's or advanced degrees

In 1970 or 1971 and who were not enrolled in school full time in

October 1971.

2 Original source revised by Office of Education.

3 Percent not shown where base N less that. 75,000.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ErriPloYmtbr of Recent College Graduates October 1971.

Table 151. -Ames monthly salary offers to male candidates for the badmior's degree, by field of study: United States, 1968 -89 to1973 -74

Field of study 1989-88 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74

Percent increase 1968-69

to

1973-74

1972-73

to

1973-74

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 Busman and commerar Accounting $761 $838 $846 $854 $887 $925 21.6 4.3

Busman. generel linduding management)

anon/wino: 687 721 718 728 757 800 17.8 8.9

Aoonowno 811 850 860 884 920 060 18.4 4.3 Manic& 849 902 920 928 982 1.042 22.7 8.3 Civil 797 837 850 END 908 967 21.3 6.5 Electrical 828 869 877 888 931 888 19.4 5.9

Indunnal 802 849 866 871 903 978 21.9 8.3

modunice, 820 987 881 894 927 1.001 22.1 8.0 Metallugicei 811 873 858 881 921 1,003 23.7 8.9 Humanities ess 702 718 1722 121 Of

Waal scums

1 667 } 700 1 1 1. 17138 pi Pi

Mu Wong and distribution 600 702 693 708 740 7P2 lea 5.7 Samos:

Agricultimel mania 698 705 700 694 739 789 152 8.9 Chen say. mathematics. and phyla 784 809 794 795 833 121 III 01

Chemistry 775 825 nig 783 843 891 182 5.7 Ma tanstics 779 794 787 795 819 878 12.7 72

Muds 803 827 826 818 876 Of 121 131 1 Data collected separately. 2 Oath not avedable. NOTE.-Data are based on int ormation supplied by more than 100 participating

colleges and universities throughout the country.

141

zss

SOURCES: College Placement Council Salary Surveys, A Study of 1969- 70

Besbuttnit Offers by Business and Industry: end A Study of 1973-74 Beginning

Wm by nunnYnt and btandry. 1Coadight 1970 end 1974. respectively. by the

College Placement Council. Inc.. Bethlehem, Po. All tights reserved.)
Table 152. -Ammo monthly Wavy often to male and fowls candidates for master's and dodoes deems, by field of study: United SUM.

1972-73 to 1973-74

......... F teld of study

Master's *greet Dodoes degree

1973-732 1973-74

Percent

InCtein.

1972-73 to

1973-74

1972-73 1973-74

Percent

Increase,

1972-73 to

1973-74 .. 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Business adminntratinn industries

management. til commerce.

After nontechnical undergraduate degree 51.109 111.181 8.5 131 (3) Auer technical undergraduate degree (31 1.175 1,235 5.1 (3) (3) (3) Engineering

Chemical

Crini 1,093 1.172 7.2 $1.438 $1,550 7.8

Electrical 1,020 1,102 8.0 1298 1.428 9.9

Industrid 1.01313 1,062

1,149 7.8 1.509 1.551 28

Machsnical 1,120 6.5 (3) (3) (31 1.069 1,138 8.5 1,418 1.479 4.3

Sciences. Aviculture and Mend sciences 915 950 3.8 (3) (3) Chemistry (3)

Computer science 980 1.050 7.1 1.348 1,411 4.8

Meth/mules 1.064

975

1,120 3.3 (31 (31 (3)

Physics 1,042 8.9 1,475 1,341 -9.1 1.052 1.088 3.5 1,390 1,409 1,4

Data are for men and women with 1 WV or less of full.tirne. noarnlllary employment.

Date taken from speed tabulation combining men's end women's offers. Date not available.

NOTE. -Oils are lased on ink:melon supplied by mom than 100 Protlidellstene

=WOW and universities throughout the cournM.

SOURCE: College Piscernent Commit Wert SUMP/. A Study of 1973-74 &abaft wpm by &ahem mad beanstry. (Copyright 1974 by the College Placement Council, Oetblehant, Pa. AU sou reserved.)

Tale* 151-UnIted Sum Mhos faculty duo* by combY and by Sold of Intone: 1972-73 Tale 154.-United Rata sons. students abroad, bycountry and by

fisld of Inmost 1971-72

College abroad

fielded Country and field of inmost College @brood Pander Country and Ouch Ream Number Percent 1 2 3

2 3

Total

Country: 100.0 Teal 22111 100.0 United Kingdom rmmtry: 1,133 Caddo Odriony. Federal Republic of 432 OA 11.617 10.0 France 6,291 18.4 Frame 394 6.0 duke 4,373 12.8 Italy 241 3.7 United Kingdom US7 8.6 Israel 164 2.5 Gummy. Fader& Republic of 2.176 SA Medea 153 2.3 Itdy 1.768 5.1 Sputa Jam 150

144

2.3 Soda

3.2 land 1,7313 1.307

6.1 18 India 128 1.9 Minima 1.0811 32 Prdtzerland 121 1.8 .1spen 1.085 3.2 as 1.5 Beth= 852 2.5 Asserts 97 1.5 Switzerland 723 2.1 Australis 96 1.5 Colombia

1.7 Netherlands 90 1.4 Lateran Conde 329 1.5 Other countries 3.0m

1.4 Varian City

46.5 Other countries 382 2,644

1.1 7.4 Raid of inured:

Humenities Field of study: 20 1 30.4 Hurnmities 15,162 44.3 tiodel edemas

1A.011 21.4 Sodel mignon 4248 14.5 Physical and We sciences 1.112 16.9 Nailed mime Medical minim 491 3.715 10.9 7.5 Phydeal and Ufa sciences 1.830 4.5 education 421 GA Budrassehniabvation 514 1.5 Agriculture 378 5.7 education 476 1.4 Engineering 276 4.2 engirawing Wilms administration 199 415 1.2 3.0 Agriculture, 78 .2 Other or field unknown 303 4.6 Otlw Odds 7283 212

NOTE.-Beesuse of rounding, meantime do not add to 100.0.

SOURCE. institute of inteniationel Education. Nave York, Open Doom 1973.

NOM.' Be=t1 of rolindloS women do not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: inedtute of Intemational lidumtlen. New `fedi, Open Dam

142

1&6

197.8
Table 155. Number of foreign students enrolled in Amerimn institutions of higher education, by arm of origin, major field of interest, and

academic status: 1972-73

Miner field of .merest and acadernii. sh00% Total

Area of origin

Fe East

Near and

Middle East Europe*

Latin

America

North

Anna:al Africa Oceania U.S.S.R.

Stateless

or country

unknown

2 3 4 5 8 1 8 9 10 11 All heeds 146.097 53.662 19,202 16237 28.383 9,885 11,485 2,107 59 5,277 mama Agriculture 3.382 1.182 293 228 780 274 430 57 118 Undergraduate . . . 1.049 203 85 56 358 179 130 17 21 Graduate ....... 2.206 934 200 181 393 93 289 39 97

Other3 107 45 8 11 29 2 11 1 Business administration . 19,597 8.117 2.103 1,982 4.015 877 1.932 311 260

U n d e r g r a d u a t e . . . . 12.204 4,858 1.332 722 3.228 688 1.318 221 139 Graduate . .... 6.848 3.245 711 1.213 654 273 558 es 109 Other3 . . 547 214 80 47 135 16 58 5 12 Education 7.152 1.957 652 727 1,413 1,439 574 355 135 Undergraduate 2.901 386 117 392 810 768 198 237 5G Graduate

Others ....... .. 4.065

196

1.618

53

423

12 388

27

859

44

647

28

358

18 107

11 755

Engineering 32.147 14,103 7,788 2.482 4,890 667 1.707 118 388

Undergraduate 18.903 4.982 5.685 1.102 3.463 418 974 44 3 232

Graduate 14.130 8.613 1,861 1,298 1,289 235 662 87 1 140 Othsr3 1,114 508 260 82 164 14 71 5 4 16 Humanities 22.872 8,218 2.164 4,287 5,164 2,287 1,304 354 31 1,105

Undergraduate 12.430 2,858 1.326 1,919 3.335 1,276 729 193 11 783

Graduate 7,889 2.700 5136 1,884 940 882 484 148 11 278

Other3 2.563 858 272 484 889 109 91 15 9 46

Medical sciences ... . ..... 8,279 2,982 789 576 2.047 576 999 108 4 204

Undergraduate 5243 1,940 598 329 1,533 337 741 70 4 91 Graduate 2,415 966 168 221 483 216 238 37 108 Other3 221 76 19 28 81 23 20 I 5

20,233 10,136 2,143 2,008 2,737 1.046 1.594 292 5 274 Physical and life sciences

Undergraduate 7.392 2,724 1,013 687 1,487 434 818 124 1 126 Graduate 12,388 7,249 1,076 1,285 1,149 598 724 168 3 141 Othw3 453 183 54 54 101 16 54 3 1 7 Social sciences 17,848 5.408 2.004 2,419 3.398 1,680 2272 368 5 302

Undergraduate 7.381 1,781 717 889 1,881 859 961 185 2 156 Graduate 9.803 3.497 1,243 1,455 1225 797 1,076 187 2 142 Other3 482 150 44 106 112 24 38 8 1 4

All other fields 808 173 93 37 218 41 25 14 7 Undergraduate 447 103 58 25 199 27 19 12 4

Graduate 88 44 18 8 9 4

Otter3 73 28 19 4 13 5 2 1 Field and status unknown 14,201 3.288 1.281 1,513 3.721 142 6 2.484

I Excludes the U.S.S.R. (shown separately In column 101.

.? Excludes Mexico end Central America, which ere Included with Latin America.

Special students and academic status unknown.

143

SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New York, Open Doors. 1973.
Table 156 Numbs of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of origin. 1954-55 to 1972-73

AsAdUltb. VCdr luta'

Far East Ne44 dl Ali Middle Lai

..uti

A. .1u. oint

hunt,

Awered: I Atm.. Oceania

2 3 4 6 7 I 8 9

1'- PTA 55 34.232 n.828 4.410 u,196 8 446 4,714 1,734 337 56 36.494 11.302 4 Mil 5 '.02 8.414 5 342 1.231 353 19b5 57 40.886 12,949 5 243 4.996 9.110 5.444 1,424 424 1%7 58 43.391 14,208 5.495 0.618 9,212 5.354 1.515 495 19'.8 59 47,245 15,823 8.519 6.601 10,249 5,612 1,735 813

196u 60 48.486 17.175 7.110 6.362 9,428 5,761 1.969 558 15uu 61 53.107 19,222 7.862 6.686 9.628 8.128 2,831 858 1%1 62 6E1.088 21,588 8.277 6,8 9,915 6.639 3.930 798 19(.7 63 64,705 23,788 8.847 7 888 11,021 7.089 4,998 948 1463 64 74,814 26.531 10.131 9.298 12,882 8,548 8,194 1.0130 1964 65 ...... 82.045 29.400 11.217 10.013 13,857 6.338 6,855 1,265 1965 68 82.709 29,049 11,217 10.188 13,998 9.851 8.898 1.325 196,, 67 100.282 33,570 17.830 14.151 18,182 12,230 7,170 '.8313 19N7 48 110,315 38,228 12,347 15,488 21,908 12,238 6,901 1.893 1968 89 121.382 42,832 13,918 16,418 23.438 12,948 8.979 11389 1969 70 134,959 49,189 15,122 18.473 24,991 13,415 7.807 2,077 1970- 71 144.708 54,247 17,052 18,275 29,300 12,732 8,734 1,995 19/1 -12 140. 126 51,827 17,100 113,168 28.832 10,841 9,592 2,131 19/2.73 1413,097 53.582 19.202 113.237 28,383 9.805 11,4135 2,107

1 Excludes the U S.S.R. (shown seperateiy in column 10).

2 E x, ,udes Mexico and Central America, which are Included with LatinAmerica.

NOTE destining In 1948-87, includes foreign students vitro Intend to remain in

the tooted Steen.

1/ S.S.N

10

Stateless or country

unknown

I1

9 42

29

215

51

3153

69

26

67

77 89

93

78

91 113

180 206

147 439

1A55

3,125

4,034

2.342

3,884

5,277

SOURCE: institute of International Education. New York, Open Molt. 1954-55 to 1973.

Table 157. Estimated population and enrollment, by level, In major areas of the world: 1970 71

Iln thousands)

Major area

Population Enrollment'

All again 5 to 24 years

of age3

Alt levels First level

of edueation4

Second level

of educations

Third level

of educations

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 World toed 3,710,700 1.803.017 482,481 343,219 113.197 28,088

Africa 384,000 154.340 37,908 32,388 5,075 444 Asia (excluding U.S.S.R.) 2.104.000 892,145 180.581 139,799 38.343 5.429 Europe (excluding U.S.S.R ) 488,000 147,811 85,821 52.488 28,878 4.869 Oceania 19,700 7,515 4,513 2,909 1,378 228 U.S.S R 245.000 89,478 54,054 40,321 9,152 4,581 Western Hemisphere:

North America/ 327.000 88,091 84.083 33.011 21.852 9,200 Latin American 195.000 128,839 55,581 43,314 10.723 1,524

1 Data are for school year 1970-71.

Date are for mid-year 1971.

Data are for mid-year 1970.

4 First ieval includes momentary school enrollment. the main function of when is

to provide basic instruction in the tools of learning. Preschool, kindergarten.

and special education enrollments are excluded.

Second level includes general. vocational. and teacher-training enrollments at

the secondary school level. Entrance to secondary schools requires at least

4 years' previous instruction at the First level. Special and adult education

enrollments are excluded.

Third level Includes collages and universities *et require the successful

completion of education at the second level as a minimum entrance requirement. Adult education enrollments are excluded.

/ Includes United States. Canada, Bermuda, Greenland. and St. Pierre end

Miquelon.

8 Includes all other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation. Paris, Start:deal Yearbook, 1972
Table 168. Estimated tend population end ensolboutt. by Niel. in selected countries of the world: 1970 71

Count,'

Mu -veer 1971

population

tat thousands)

Schnps), enrollment. 1970 -71

All levels First level

of education'

Second level

of education2

Thud level

of education I 2 3 4 5 6

Abuts

Ethiopia

Nigeria

South Au e.a

Egypt. Arab Hinx.11.. Asia

26.248

556.510

22.082

34,130

4709.524

3.888.794

3.160.337

5,405,747

4690446

3.615321

62.548,24

3.740.651

4 t14.443

356.665

'1540.691 1,448,918

''4..535

14 401

f t .'.132: 218.1 r6 China Inbinland) 787.176 99590,000 490.000.000 109,990,000

India 550,374 89,168.236 1149.499.000 117,880.102 2.009.134

Indonesia 124.894 15562.522 13,395.000 1.930,630 236.892

Wed . 3.013 4639.683 4466.079 4134.529 449.018

Japan . . 105,611 20,412.573 9,630.815 9.097.162 1584.296

Korea. earth 14.281 2.000,000 2.000.000

Korea, Republic of ....... 31.917 7,885.929 6.749.301 1.935.192 201.436 Pakistan . . . . 12114.189 412,877,992 48.963.041 43.3313,728 4388,228 Plehollmmo 37.969 88.829509 86.700.358 51802.348 6827,104

Spud' Arabia 7.885 520,482 422.744 89.226 8.492 Thailand 35,335 6.970.957 45482394 4542.248 55.315

Turkey ......... 36,162 6,490,498 5,011,926 1,308,779 169.793 Vietnam. North 21.895 4,500.091 44.600.000 91 Vietnam. Republic of 1318.332 43,078,691 42.376.982 4855.413 447.298

Europe

Austria . . 7,458 1359.403 904.448 395,178 59,778

9,728 1,931,156 81.008444 9847505 75,106

Otechodoveksa 14300 2485.670 1.965448 388.123 131.099 France 61.260 9.661.6613 4,939,683 44,106,847 4615,326

Germany:

Federal Repute.: or 59,576 11,190,3513 6,344,774 4,345539 499,946

West Berlin 2,105 7258.523 7122,811 7103,124 732488

East Germany 17,040 3212,265 2,534,077 819,622 139.666

Italy 54,078 9.351.914 4,841,279 3,823.556 687,079

Netherlands 13,194 2,933.816 1.462.378 1,230,273 231.187

Poland 32.749 6,986,666 5,266,970 1.400307 330,789

Romania 20,470 3.890.293 2.878593 699,715 151,586

SPICA 34.134 6.097480 3.929.569 1,960,496 217.416

United Kingdom 55.568 10522,969 138,047537 133982251 145631281 Yugoilavis 20.550 3,822.265 2,834,581 726.501 261,203

Nerds Amelia

Prude 21.788 6.952.568 3524320 151.656.564 481,974

Canal Eons . 45 16.223 8.248 5,733 1,244 Cube 8,857 1275.117 1.530,378 218,843 25,898

Mexico 50.830 11,270555 49.539,482 414113558 247537

Puerto Rico 2,757 827560 490438 274,129 83,073

United States 207,008 60,303,117 31.900.000 19,9101200 8.498.117

Virgin Islands IU S.A.) 65 19,045 12,900 4500 1,445

Oessals

American Samoa 29 10,400 8.100 2,300

12,728 83,013,112 51.768,0130 81.080.524 8184,528 Cesare 90 32,876 20,102 10,065 2,719

New Zealand 2.1353 757,870 4514,774 188,743 4513353 South America

Argentine . 23,562 4535,250 3.3135,790 974,828 274.934 Brawl ....I48 17.328598 12,812,029 4.083,588 430,473

Chile 8592 2,423528 2,043532 302.084 78.430

Colombia . 21,772 3.347.677 42.669.579 9592,759 485.339 Peru 14,015 3,448,800 2.684,100 680.800 124,700 Venezuela 5310,399 2.351382 1.769.6130 508,936 474,968

U.S.S.R 245.0136 54,053.642 40421,000 9.152.000 4.580,642

1 First level includes elementary school enrollment, the main function of which

is to provide bow instruction in the tools of learning, Presdtool, kindergarten,

and MOM eduction enrollments are excluded.

2 Second level includes general. vocational, end teachermaining enrollments at

the secondary school level. Entrance to seconcloty schools requires at least

4 years' previous instruction at 11w first level. Special and adult education

enrollments are excluded.

3 Third level includes colleges and universities that require the successful

comPlittion of education at the second level as a minimum entrance

requirement. Adult education enrollments are excluded.

Date for 1989.

5 Previous date probably oversteted.

6 Des for 1983.

i Data for 1984.

a Date for 1958.

9 Data for 1959.

10 Data few 1958.

11 Data for 1965.

12 Data for 1970.

13 Data for England and Wales for 1969, Northern Ireland end Scotland for 1970.

14 Date for England end Scotland for 1969. Northern Irelerld1of 1970.

15 Second level general education, on*.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational. Scientific, and Cultural

Perm Statiadard Yearbook, 1972

159
table 169 Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing and by type of licensee, geographic region, and budget silo United States and outlying areas, filed year 1972

it.1 s

1111...1 Nvniher at st4th.itst

Broadcast Mtge, by type of programing

I Mal Programing for

ela00111

Prolamine tot

general audience

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Total 207 710,303 100.0 241,806 100.0 468,497 100.0

.1 t...

...I: C. edut I L eval puttl.e. ie. al ..... 82 193.783 27.3 54.156 22.4 139.62/ 29.8

sY 1111% State authority. State 21 58,233 8.2 26.992 11.2 31.241 8.7

educet.on spoor,

outmost authority,

and other licensed

Community organizations .

agencies 67

57

253.568 35.7 100,558 41 8 153.300 32.7 204.429 28.8 80.100 24.8 144.329 30.8

Geographic region.

Northeast

Central 44 153,854 21.6 45.366 18.7 108.488 23.1 south 50 187,631 23.6 59,455 24.8 108.078 23.1 West 78

29

276.363

93,521

38.9

13.2

102.963

28,993

42.6

12.0

173,410

64,628

37.0

01,4 mg areas . 6 13.8 19,034 2.7 6.039 2.1 13.995 3.0

Adulated budget sire

6200.000 5499.999

Under $200.000 1747

42,278 5.9 13,221 5.5 29.058 82

850000- 5799.999 37

148.165 20.9 44.851 18.5 103,603 22.1 1800.000- 61,999.999 56

124,472 17.5 40.096 16.6 84.376 18.0

52.000.000 anti over 201,756 28.4 73,314 30.3 128,442 27.4 60 193.841 27.3 70,523 29.1 12'4,118 26.3

I On the air demo the entire fiscal year.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics, and Corporatior. for Public Broadcasting, Summary Statistics of Public TV Licensee& 1972

Table 160. -Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections: United States, 1980

Library system Rank

order

Number of

volumes

(book stack

and serials)

Library system Rank

order

Number of

volumes

(book stock

end uolaW

3 1 2 3

New York Public Library

Chicago Public Library

1 8.235.539 Milwaukee Public Library 14 1)178,610 2 4.087.027 Detroit Public Library Los Angeles Public Library 15 1.903.788 3 3.538.221 Cleveland Public Library 4 3,210,820 Public Library of Washington. D.0 Brooklyn Public Library 16 1.887.068 5 3,019.652 Public Library of Ft. Wayne and

Allen County tlnd.) Los Angeles County Public Library 17 1.378,448

Free Library of Philadelphia

6 2.952,855 Seattle Public Library 18 1.335,010 7 2,623,146 St. Louis Public Library 19 CincInnatiHerngton County 8 1.268.644 2,533.155 San Francisco Public Library Boston Public Library 20 1201,149 9 2.510.234

Owens Borough Public Library (N.Y I 10 2.479,483 Kansas City !Missouri) Pubis.. Library 21 1,136.284 Dayton end Montgomery County Public Enoch Pratt Free Library (Baltimore) 11 2,124,758 Litmus/ (Ohio) Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh 22 1,122,492 12 2.120.310 Denver Public Library Buffalo end Erie County 23 1.113.087 Houston Public Library Libra: y System 24 1,081,014 13 12,120.000 Minneapolis Public Library 26 1,078,858 CoYekoga County (Ohio) Public Library 28 1.047,828

I Date are for 1965.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Libroies Serving Areas IAA At Least

21000 Inhabitant% 196&

146

1.C°
Table 181. -General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1988

Item

Population site group

Total.

25.000

Or more

25.000

34.999

35.000

49.999

50.000-

99 999

100.000.

499.999

500.000 Of more

1 2 3 4 6 7 Number of libraries' . 1.135 286 271 335 206 38

Number of libraries reporting= . 1.057 258 250 318 198 36

Population served ithousands) . ....... 117.235 7.678 10,321 21.986 38.167 39,194

Collections (thousands)

Number of volumes3 held at end of year . 191.079 14.996 18.517 34.276 81.282 61.910

Number of volumes.) added during year 16.848 1,317 1.359 3.020 5,803 5,149

Total circulation during year . ...... 580,214 48.041 53.629 106.985 196,169 166,421

Staff (fulltime equivalent)

Feted positrons ..... ..... 49,887 3.358 3.903 8229 16,602 17,797

Library statf 46.836 3,105 3,604 7.673 15,457 15.796

Maintenance staff . ..... . ..... 4.262 251 558 1,145 2.001

Operating expenditures (thousands of dollars)

Total operating expenditures $421.238 $28.718 631.170 $66,697 $137,881 $159,874

Wages and salaries .. 271,000 15,981 19,050 41.304 88.559 106,126

Library staff 251.043 14,868 17,757 38.682 83.098 96.857

Maintenance Staff 19,958 1.093 1,293 2,841 5.481 9.488

Purchase of library materials 72,491 6,417 8.199 12.135 24,202 24,537

Book stock 64,062 4,837 5.460 10,765 21,310 21.701

Serials 4:s20 328 418 781 1,553 1.760

Other printed materials 863 58 se 98 269 189

Audiovisual materials 194 283 521 1,081 886

All other operating expenditures 77,748 5,337 6.920 12.168 25.119 29,211

1 Problems of definitions and reporting did not permit the data for one NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

average sized State to be included in the survey.

2 The data shown below are for reporting libraries only. SOURCE* U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Libraries Serving Areas xflh at Least 3 includes volumes of book stock and bibliographic volumes of serials only. 21000 Inhabitants. 1048,

Table 162.-General statistics of Federal libraries' : United States

and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972

Item Total

National

libraries2

All other

Federal

libraries3

...- 1 2 3 4

Number of libraries 2,148 3 2,143

Total volumes, books, and bound

periodicals in collection 60.528,718 19,855.360 40,873,388

Circulation 45,018,874 2,393,339 42,823,535

Total operati.ig expenditures $192A20,722 $98,853.223 695,587,499

Salaries and wages 5122,991.027 02,198,868 $80,792,389

Library materials $38,886,258 $11,488 ,488 $27,418.788

Other operating expenditures 30,544,439 23.186,097 7,358,342

Total employees 11,164 4,193 8.981

profeulonat employees 3,248 1,058 2,190

I Date are for the 2,148 reporting 'fixer as out of a total universe of 2,314.

2 Library of Congress, National Lib am of Medicine, National Agricultural

Library.

3 Administrative, judicial, and executive branch libraries.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center

for Education Statistics, unpublished date from Survey of Federal Libraries,

1972.

147

61
Table 103. Ittltnated noodle, of lihrmiuml by type of library In which employed and by sex: UMW Stetei, 1980, 1970, and projected toquirements for 1980

Employer 1960 1970 1980 Total Men Women Total -

Men Women

.- Total 1

r 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 All Wanks 09.9132 9,800 99,100 115,000 19000 91.000 141,000 Elerromew end seconders

schools2 Colleges end universities

30,800 1,800 29.200 52000 3.800 48.400 64000

Public lam* 10.400 3,300 7.100 19.000 6.003 12.900 28.500

special libraries 17.700 2,500 16.200 seam 3.700 23.600 30,000 10.000 2,400 7.600 17,000 4.100 13.900 20.000 1 polo* end prim= personnel employed m pennon& terviens. repadlW

of Mal of education cormilend.

2 Public end nonpublic schools.

SOURCE; U.S. Deputment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 164.Selseted stadstke on the oolleadons, staff, and operating expenditures of Imp university libraries: 1971-72

Institution

Rank

order,

Number

of

volumes

at end

Of year

Cross

number of

volumes

added

during veer

Number of

microform

unto et

and of

year

Stott

Ifulkinienquivalend Operating exnenditures

Total

Books

end

Mnding

. Salaries

and wages

- . Other

Total Preto:80mM

1 2 3 4 B 0 7 8 9 10 11 Hen reid University 1 8,707222 387.871 882.471 770 242 $9,222,948 112.327.977 85.931218 41963,358 Yale Universi1y2 2 5.993.858 219,719 839.737 885 181 7.041.476 1,823,518 4,100.134 1,117,824 University of AMMO 3 4,992.391 192,898 484.888 428 180 5,715,813 1,808,972 3,500248 402.295 Columbia University 4 4,148.350 153.308 939.601 est 148 5,958.812 1,3113.408 4,175.428 468,880 University of Miehl011115 5 4.332218 148,828 781.182 481 181 8,184,074 1,518,131 4,205,857 402.288

Univwsity of Cditornia et Berkeley 8 4,153.9313 158,379 082,048 445 182 8.382,024 1,704,009 4,385.458 292,549 Cornell University 7 53.888,1334 130.398 1248.818 444 128 5,837280 1200,119 3,833218 404,223 Stanford Universe 8 3,721 143 159.229 2609.095 401 140 7,034,1357 1,738,454 4.084.783 031,420 Indiana University 9 3244.141 277.838 1312,830 382 158 5,870200 1.989,390 3,827,330 273,480 University of Minnesota 10 3245,740 129,538 718,077 320 157 5,084228 1,591,784 3,311,181 181.381

University of Chicago 11 3,212.298 151.105 278239 277 78 4,079.694 1.248.470 2257,413 276,811 University of When* at Los Angeles 12 3,1134,328 130,818 947,058 407 les 8,331,588 1.502231 4,287,818 481.539 University of Texas9 13 2,734,595 309253 824.295 272 111 4,737,788 2,257,935 2.273.193 206.640 Ohio State UnWetelty10 14 2270,984 138,300 792,390 320 108 4,1013232 1,258.702 2.547289 300,841 University of Whconein 15 2217,790 109,430 844,283 298 93 4,425297 1,425252 2,507,251 493,594

Northwestern Unhersityll IS 2,433.420 135,945 371.831 232 93 3.703.392 1,227299 2,217,110 318,883 Princeton Univerdr/ 17 2,412,871 99,024 438,753 280 84 3.684278 1214,882 2.289.801 179.893 University of Pennsylvenie12

Duke University

18

19

2210,933 103,879 881,960 292 101 4,189,810 1,214294 2.888230 287..._188 New York UnkersiF,

2,333.382 110.089 190,480 228 81 3,144202 1,153.474 1,780,353 210.1men 20 2,175280 107,815 1255,158 399 es 4,053.158 1,152,500 2,700,034 200,924

Johns Hopldin University13 21 1203,113 41,039 574,400 158 48 1.840208 540.485 1.109,763 190,080 University of Waillington14 22 1.938,298 88.148 910.121 335 113 3.092.507 970,228 2228,101 90,118 Univenity of North Carolina 23 1,894,132 83.682 492269 228 82 3,173,787 837,040 2.134,328 202,421 Michigan Stets University 24 12137.230 113,768 482,322 196 78 3,169229 998,848 1,992,027 181,156 University of Virginia 25 1,777,935 83.277 1284,788 225 69 3,383,032 1.432,748 1,890,874 280212

University of lava 213 1.872227 91218 519,137 173 71 2,089.190 1278.042 1,519,428 91,720 Unlitorshy of Pittsburgh" 27 1,884234 128.502 813,418 298 120 3,80058 1,135211 2.358.234 317.313 University of Missouri ly 28 1239284 55.050 1,242.848 149 52 1247,561 743,235 1,063.792 150,534 University of Kamm" 29 1,039,870 72,377 394,845 100 59 2,487,775 817,251 1.484203 208.021 Syracuse University 30 1237.442 102,488 1.800,203 182 48 2,10,581 740,031 1270220 158.521

Rutgers Unimmity la 31 151284259 114232 15583,817 245 .1 4288.480 1,717,890 2229.219 141,371 University of Coloredol6 32 1270,251 71,298 737,9E18 183 ss zeouns toss.= 1218,340 230,029 University of Florida 33 1.550,483 53.398 007,700 297 78 2,748,595 902.034 1.888,164 158,397 Pennsylvania State Univenity24 34 1247,593 115,742 980,125 390 108 4.859.480 1230,795 2,904,800 222,085 University of Southern California145 . .. 35 1,324,660 82,927 859,759 190 72 2,685,475 855254 1294,734 135,087 Southern Illinois University 38 1.519.000 130,478 (21) 123 59 2,402.380 1188,108 1,309,220 104,992

kodtutionf we ranked by the number of volumes at the and of the year

(column 3). Although this Is a convenient manure of sire, the measures in

columns 4-11 torrent equal attention for comparative purposes.

2 Law library b Included for milestone WIN.

Includes library of hesIth seances at Medical Center, Chicago.

Excludes 111,468 volumes end 95,1313 microfilm units of the Dearborn

venous library, which hod been Included through 1970-71.

5 Physical count Previous data were bred on a combined physical. bibliographical count

6. Includes brunch Cantinas in California end oversees.

Count corrected since previous year.

° Date ens for the State university system.

9 Irmo*, main Wren% low library, and LB.). School of Public Arkin Librery. betudes 4 regional campus libraries.

11 Includes Eversion and Chicago ammo libraries.

12 Includes Felnburger psychology

13 Data adlusted doenveerd from previous sem on bosh of a partial Inventory amt.

1 Includes hew library and Paelflo Northwest Regions! Health Science library.

15 includes 4 regional carlithnet

16 includes MI branch libraries.

12 In:ludas Medical Cm my libraries In Kansas City.

15 includes branch libraries.

16 Rewind downward from previous year on bosh of physical want.

20 Excludes branch libraries at Hershey and Middletown.

21 Included with volumes.

SOURCE: Association of Research Libraries. Academic Library Sradrilar, 1971-72

148 162
Table 168. -General statbtics of collage and university libraries: United States and outlying areas.1869 - 60,1968 -O. and 1970 -71

Item 1959-60 1968-69 1970-71 Item 1069-60 1968-69 1970-71

1 2 3 4 1 2 3

/OM

4 - -..

Numbs: of libraries 1,961 2, 2.535 i Library operating expenditures (e eluding

Number of students enrolled. total ithousands11 . 3,597 ,72 8,849 aphid outlay) in thrive's* of dOilate

Enrolled for bachelor's and higher dowses 3.402 8.983 7.988

Enrolled in undergraduate occupations programs . 195 589 684 Operating expenditures, total $137,245 $684,848 $737.533

Salaries 72 x88 273:233 t 361>96

Collections (thousands of units) Hourly wages 11,690 44,253 58,452

Binding and rebinding 4,882 17,642 19.781

Number of volumes at end of year 176.721 328.564 371.389 Books and other library materiels 40.760 212,891 247,068

Number of volumes added during year

Number of periodical titles at and of year

8,415

1,271

25.756

2.632

26.374

3,877

Other library operating expenditures

Operating expenditures in percents, total

71,0 38 5aig

Wailes Bs 47 49

Library staff in term! of fulLtime Hourly wages 8 8 7

equivalents Binding and rebinding 4 3 3

Books and other library materiels 30 38 34

Toter staff in regular poshions: 18.' . , 45,161 48 Other library operatic; expenditures 5 6 7 Professional librarians 9 .. . 20.14$ 21 . Nonprofessional library staff Iiillik

1 27,888 Library operating expenditures es percent of total

Hours of student and other assistance (thousands) . . 4 37Aab institutional expenditures for educational end

general purposes 3.0 4.2 4.2

1 opening fail enrollment for use specified year.

2 Date on staff are for the fell term of the succeeding year.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, dwell. may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center

for Education Statistics. Library Statistics of Colleges and liniensitka, analytic

reports for 1959-60 and fell 1971.

Table 166.-Prices for hardcover, maspenerket paperback, and trade end higher priced paperback books. 1967 -89 and 1272,

and number of Wok 1272. by ost,govy: United Sulks

Category

Hardcover books' Mass-rnalcet

paperback books

Trade and higher

priced pawner*

books

Average

price

Number

of

titles

Average

pries

Number

of

titles

Average

price

Number

of

tides

1987- 69 1972 1972 1987-89 1972 1972 1987-69 1972 1972

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total $8.77 $12.99 29,710 $0.79 151.12 2.265 83.24 84.24 8.275

AgrIculnue 9.71 10.94 305 .88 1.19 12 3.13 3.44 71 Art 12.44 14.94 1,121 .88 1.35 47 348 4.10 296

Biography 9.71 12.80 1,791 .93 1.34 74 2.25 3.21 157

Business 10.41 12.45 489 1.08 1.09 4 8.10 6.51 195

Education 8.68 10.26 788 1.33 1.65 10 2.91 3.87 505

Fiction 4.96 647 1.696 .75 1.01 1.467 1.68 2.24 124

General works 315.28 26.19 973 (3) 1.21 11 131 9.88 217

History 9.95 14.92 1,321 .98 1.37 77 2.87 3.88 304

Hone economies 8.55 7.89 377 (3) 1,19 80 (3) 2.82 160

Juveniles 3.53 4.37 2,748 .71 .82 87 1.23 1.32 288

Language 310.13 14.18 294 (3) 1.73 5 (a) 4.98 188 Law 13.22 17.15 571 .88 1.53 6 4.11 4.57 141 Literature 8.04 12.03 1,971 .98 1.20 42 2.44 3.72 575

Medicine 13.41 16.19 1,434 .87 1.23 55 4.81 6.38 367 Music 9.08 13.63 343 .83 1.10 4 3.19 4.32 92

Philosophy, psychology 28.41 10.44 789 (3) 1.28 47 131 3.130 380

Poetry, drams 6.69 10.62 1,145 .92 1.61 21 1.81 2.89 330

Religion 8.29 9.80 1,082 .85 1.34 23 1.98 2.61 609

Science 12.67 16.05 2.137 .96 1.36 14 4.68 6.35 532

Sociology. economics 29.35 16.93 4,532 (3) 1.52 127 (3) 4.11 1,802

Sporn, recreation 7.91 10.65 837 .87 1.18 a 2.11 2.88 257

Technotogy 13.03 18.11 1.031 1.04 1.29 19 8.84 9.80 378

Travel nue 12.78 1,157 (3) 1.53 19 (3) 3.43 337

1 Excludes Govemment documents and multivolume encyctopedias.

2 Average price for 1967 and 1989. rather then 1069 -69.

d7

3 Dale not available.

SOURCE: Publisher,' Windy.
Teak 191.-Pda Wax fa hardaaver, amialefart paperback, and bade and hidisr Mad payback

bleb, bawd on 10049 WNW Mow by lattiely: Unread Mau, Wm end 1972

Category

Ilsrdeovn boobs

nurtures

obsebsoli boobs

Trade are

59/wit

pepedise5 books

1967-69 Intleel 1067-69 Index I lea-60 Index7 Amine

price

1971 1972 1971 1972 Amu

ance

1973 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 IP

Teti 1177 1612 148.1 60.79 127.6 1412 1724 167.1 1802

Agriculture An

9.71

12.44 141.5

131.9

112.7

120.1 as

118.2 1198135.2 1572

3.13

3.48

174,9 144.0 11 ake3170sY 0.71 119.8 131.8 23 1269 144.1 2.25 112.9 143.7

Ibnisen 1021 1312 119.0 126 117.0 1028 6.10 125.9 137.6 Eduction 6.58 1092 1662 1.33 135.3 124.1 2.91 127.1 1310

Pinion 426 120.5 130.4 .75 124.0 134.7 1.66 112./ 134.9 Gong works 15.28 1412 164.9 171 171 History 025 130.3 149.9 .98 119A 1292 3.67 149.0 134.7 Horns economics 6.56 1112 120.3 171 Jensen 3.4.1 119.8 123.8 .71 107.0 116.5 1.23 110.6 107.3 Latere0. 10.13 103.1 139.9 171 171 Ion 13.21 1382 129.7 123.1 177.9 4.11 108.13 112.2 Clanton 8.04 142.1 149.6 .96 117.7 126.0 2.44 317.6 153.6 Winne 13.41 133.0 120.7 .87 1352 141A 4.81 112.8 118.1 Melo 9.06 129.1 149.0 23 126.5 1322 119 1702 135.4 Pbilosostry. owebolegy 8.41 1282 124.1 171 2) Poetry. skims 6.89 1317 168.7 .92 180A 175.0 1.81 134.3 1517

Religion

Seems 6.29

12.87 1342

1252

1652

1217 as

1382

122.9 157.8

140.8

las

4.06

1532

228.1

120.1

131.13 sconornice 9.35 186.8 181.1 171

figonsoecrestion 7.91 128.9 134.0 27 124.1 1.13.9 111 133.2 1311

Tftlinelogv 13.03 117.2 123.0 LOS 142.3 124.0 8.94 912 1016 Tani 9.34 2C6.0 136.8 171 171

!San ter index Is 1967-69 ledown 21. SOURCE: Pabfthar Weekti.

6 Nov enemy: 1187-4113 merge odes cannot be onsbilsInd.

Table 16a -Pdas for periodicals end add mak by maim acs: UMW Ikass,

1961-69,1971, and 1972

Subbot ens 1987-119

-.... 1971 1972 Arm*

piss

Amon

wise

Inden7 Avenue

Prito

Indes7

1 2 3 4 6 6

Pend lei% tots17 UM -4 .

911.99 1012 51323 nes

Agriagerns 426 174 122.6 6.36 135.7 Ousinen end economics 7.54 9.72 1202 198 132.0

diardstry eed17113977 24.48 38.31 156.5 45.48 185.7 Childio's periodic* 2.80 2.94 113.1 3.24 124.6 Education 6.34 8.25 130.1 9.51 160.0

Ingetenbig 10.03 13.28 132A 10.04 160.0 Mae and MOO arts 6.71 8.17 121.8 8.42 1216

Genie inmost neriodkins 7.28 9.32 128.0 9.62 1311

Histray 6.06 7.40 132.5 8.25 1316 Home econornics 6.45 7.94 123.1 10.25 159.9

Industrial ens 667 8.14 118.5 8.91 130.7

Jannuliwn cad earnmunkatitra 5.72 691 120.8 11911 151.7 Labor end Indisuid Mations 3.01 325 125.9 3.92 130.2

lay 171 10.19 117.0 11.15 126.0 Library Moos 8.27 8.66 138.0 920 160.0 Measure and know 5.38 6811 1272 7.46 138.6 Methentedes. bow. Oldolee.

end amen, edema 15.30 30.06 131.1 2223 1480

Median 11313 27.00 139.3 2929 162.7 Philonsolly Ind roligicel 6.27 6.71 127.3 7.16 135.9 Phydsei education end nerestion 489 6.72 117.0 130.7 Politest Wenn 6.18 7.33 117.0 827 137.1

rontbeisin 14.55 18.70 128.5 2198 144.3 Sociology wel anthropologn 6.11 7.92 120.8 9.12 149.3

roetori 13.39 s. 19.29 144.1 d

22.39 1672

7142 60.06 124.3 NM

4 bold onto. totel7 1312 Businins 119.78 140.04 117.0 148.12 123.7 Law 60.87 7187 124.6 75.83 124.6

ticisase end tearndoW 65.23 90.13 138.3 90.78 163.0

011scsinnoten 46.84 6910 1512 80.36 1713 U.8. docurennts 18.37 2884 1493 26.42 164.7 Soviet traniktions au 11126 122.9 117.13 129.0

! Bon for intim Is 1961-69 (cohere 21.

2 Bled on 2.527 dins.

3 As defined by American Notions! Buntings Institute. Inc.

SOURCE: Mem Joansg

'so

1G4
aiggliZpilt 51i!ifEWRIzi imspeztxmalEtft2z5 cl!!7 : 1 alai IIIII4Z II 21 11111§411111!!! !!!! MUM! 1 1 444.4.44444o4 1§M§111§15.1 . 8 WIRRIRB!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 §4111810411144111 121 : III . ._ _ 22,1,12 2271: ::222 222;; III 42::.ess Romom 4cm...1 !Ili i il ! ql 1:1! ! :11 !I !:! 0 suol MU Ri/4 ligi Eniii klAil 14E4 "III I jr i 1i2 TUI1811 ill 11111 1411 1 1: 1 ill II iii .. co 22323 tants Isalem 88888 stagE5 !** * #a** I Wili ft -1I i75111111 2; f!! 1 - i sfil 2 " Ea /6111111 I :i fi!if Mai 111/1 it Hill Mil Will Mil _11 I 4" 11 lel
Table 171. - Federal funds vUlgeted for educational easearett and

development, by sponsoring regency: United Stetss,

1989 to 1974

(in millions of dollars}

Agency 1989 1972 1973 1974

1 2 3 4 5

Total $158.4 $208.0 $245.3 $2532

Depoiment of Health. Education, and Welfare: No Ionel institute of

Education: 84.1 64.1 138.1 162.3 Office of Education 18.0 72.2 513.7 35.5 Office of Child

Development3 6.1 22.0 25.0 33.2 National Institutes

of Health 11.9 17.9 8.8

Nefional Scares Foundation 38.3 31.8 14.7 222

Includes education pinworm of the Office of Economic Opportunity officially

transferred to NIE In 1974.

3 Includes OCD Head Start end ressamh demonstretion programs as well as the

0E0 child dreelopment programs officially transferred to Oco In 1974.

SOURCE. National Science Foundation. NSF 73 -316, An Analysts of Federal R&D Funding by Function.

Table 173. - Sources of funds used for research and development:

United States, 1963 to 1974

(In millions of dollars' Year Total Federal Govern. MOM

Industry

Colleges end um. verloliel

Other

nonprofit

institutions

I 2 3 4 s 6

1953 $5.207 $2,759 $2,239 $151 $88

1956 5.738 3,138 2,367 187 58

1956 8.279 3,509 2,513 185 72 1958 8.483 4.859 3.338 204 84

1957 9,912 6.119 3,460 230 103 1958 10,870 6,791 3.700 257 122 1359 12,540 8,059 4.067 290 134 1980 13.730 8.752 4,1308 328 142

1961 14.552 9.264 4.749 371 168 1962 15.665 9,928 5.114 424 301 1963 17.371 11219 5.449 486 218

1984 19.214 12,5b3 6,880 b58 226

1965 20,439 13633 6,639 616 252

1906 22.264 13,920 7.317 673 284 1987 23613 14,420 8.134 753 308 1968 25.119 14,952 13.997 841 329 1969 26.169 14912 10.009 895 354 1970 .......... . . 26.545 14,766 10,434 961 395 1971 27.336 15.013 10 817 1,099 07

19721 29.206 16.132 1' .427 1.228 421

19731 30630 16.695 12.292 1,308 437

19741 32,100 17,060 13,206 1.385 450

I pre..mmary data.

SOURCE blet.Oltal Science Foundation, NSF 74-304. hettonal patterns of R&D Newton en burt4 and Manpino in the trotted Stares, 1933 1974.

Table 172, -Research and development funds related to the

gross national product: United States, 1953 to 1973

}Amounts In millions of dollars}

Year OreaS

national luoduct

Research development

Total

and

funds

As percent

of gross

national

product

2 3 4

1953 8354,593 $5,207 1.43 1954 384,841 5,738 1.57 1955 307,9430 6,279 1.58 1956 419,232 9,483 2.02 1967 441.134 9,912 2.25

1958 447.334 10.879 2.43 1959 483,680 12.540 2.59 1980 603,755 13.730 2 73 1981 520.109 14.652 280 1962 580,325 15,885 2.80

1963 590.503 17,371 2.94 1984 832,410 19,214 3.04 1965 684,884 20,439 2.98 1966 749,857 22,284 2.97 1967 793,927 23,613 2.97

1969 884.202 25,119 2.91 1969 930284 26,169 2.61 1970 977680 28,845 2.72 1971 16+4215 27,338 2.59 1972 1.157,996 129206 2.6? 1973 1.294,919 130.630 2.37

1 Preliminary date.

SOURCES. (t) National Science Foundation. NSF 74404, National Patterns of R&D RelOUlett. Ponds and Mariporat in the Ward State& 1933-1974.12) U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Business &Anoraks. Sunny W Current &Maness. July Issues.

Table 174. - Sources of funds used for basic research:

United States, 1953 to 1974

}in millions of rfollms}

Veer Total Federal Gomm. ment Industry Collages and anti- muskies Other n0441141141: institutions

1 2 3 4 5 8

1953 2489 $234 $148 $73 $34

1984 5413 265 161 85 37 1955 808 286 183 89 40

1958 747 345 239 116 47

1967 857 438 256 138 57

1968 373 460 282 159 72

1969 1,165 609 280 585 81

1960 1,326 693 331 215 87 1961 1.543 841 360 250 102 1962 1,886 1,091 382 293 120

1963 2,196 1,310 414 343 129 1964 2,559 1,595 424 402 138 1966 2,863 1,817 448 445 143

1968 3,123 1.9115 496 494 147 1967 3,357 2.173 477 551 196

1968 3948 2.344 5113 621 165 1969 3,758 2,388 619 678 175 1970 3943 2,403 538 748 190

1971 4600 2,390 565 841 204

1972: 4,237 2,631 578 914 216

1973: 4.434 2973 635 901 225

1974: 4,615 2.770 690 925 230

PreirnInery date.

SOURCE; National Science Foundation. NSF 74.304, National Patterns of R&D

Resources, Funds and bleutanwer in me United State& 1933 -1974

152 1 6
Table 175. -Funds used in the performance of basic research,

applied research, and development: United States, 1974

[in millions of dollars)

Performer , Total Basic

research

Applied

research

Development

1 2 3 4 5

Total $32,100 94,615 $7,260 $20,225

Federal Government 4,800 620 1,600 2,680

Industry 21,525 770 3,926 16,830

Colleges and universities 4,660 2,955 1,215 490

Other nonprofit institutions 1,115 270 620 325

. . NOTE. -Data are estimates.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NSF 74-304, National Patterns of R&D

Resources, Funds and Manpower in the United States. 1953-1974.

Table 176. - Number and wont of minority Madan& attending pubBo alernontaryand secondary schools. by geographic area and

level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall 1972

Levi of isolation

Continental

United States2

32 northern and

western States3

8 border Slates

end D.C.4

11 southern

8tetesE

1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 1972

2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9

Total enrolhhent 44,910,403 44,646225 30,131,132 29.916241 3.724,867 3,743,703 11,064,403 10.987.650

Minnnty enrollment:

Number 9.394,184 9.878,373 5.143.839 5.350.300 690,553 710,818 3,959,992 3.815365

Ferment of total 20.9 21.7 17.1 17.9 18.5 19.0 32.2 32.9

Minorities, by level of isolation:

Attending 0-49.9% minority schools:

Number 3,510.200 3233,082 1,908,968 2,001.674 230.621 282.348 1,372212 1.569240

Percent 37.4 39.6 37.1 37.4 33.4 38.9 38.8 43.4

Attending 50-100% minority schools:

Number 5.883.9133 5.843.309 3,238,870 3.348225 459,932 448,471 2,187,377 2246213

Percent 62.6 1304 82.9 62.6 66.8 83.1 81.4 58.8

Attending 80-100ll nunonty schools:

Number 4,137.476 3.948.269 2,324.859 2,374,971 398,939 390213 1,415,879 1,183288

Percent 44.0 40.8 45.2 444 87.5 54.9 392 32.7

Attending 90-1006 minority schools:

Number 3.475.215 3.282,981 1,930,722 1,985259 375.011 384,848 1,189482 932.654

Percent 37.0 33.9 37.5 37.1 64.3 51.3 32.9 25.8

Attending 95-100% minority schools

Number 2.969.569 2,781.893 1,611.069 1,689,409 350,967 345,211 997,533 787.273

Percent 31.5 28.7 31.3 31.2 50.8 48.8 28.0 212

Attending 99-100% nenonty schools:

Number 2,015.414 1.835257 1218,396 1.057,764 293.191 278.380 703.825 499,813

Percent 21.6 19.0 19.8 19.8 42.5 39.2 19.8 13.8 Attending 100% minority schools:

Number 988,532 i 787.791 I 398,625 369,139 154,657 153,768 433.250 264,884

Percent 10.5 8.1 7.7 6.9 224 21.6 12.2 7.3

Includes American Indians, Negroes, Orientals. and students with Spanish

surnames. 249 States and the District of columbia. Excludes Hawaii.

3 Alaska. Arizona, California, Colorado. Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana.

low. Kansas, Mane, Massachusetts, Michigan. Minnesota. Montana, Nebraska.

Nevada. New Hampshire. NOW Jersey, New Mexico. New York, North Daiwa,

Ohio. Oregon, Pennsylvania. Rhoda Island. South Dakota. Utah. Vermont,

Washington. Wisconsin. and Wyoming.

4 Delaware. District of Columbus. Kentucky. Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, and

Welt Virginia.

153

Meanie, Arkansas, F Wads, Georgia. Louisiana. Mississippi, North Carolina,

South Caroline. Tennessee. Texas, end Virginia.

NOTE.-08% we head on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3.000 or more

students end a sample of smaller districts enrolling 300 or more students. Because

of computer rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.8. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office for Civil

Rights. Fall 1972 Racial and Ethnic Enrollment M Public Elementary end

Secondary Schools
Table 177.-Number and pOrrant of minority students attending public elementary and secondary schools,

by minority group and by level of Isolation: United States', fall 1970 and fall 1972

moo Attendance in minority schools

Characteristic Number Percent 0.48.9 50-100 80-100 90-100 96-10G 99-100 100

percent percent percent percent percent percent ph Lant mines ity minority minority minority minority minority minority

1 2 3 4 6 e 7 8 9 10

Total enrollment, all students:

1970 44,910.403 100.0 .. . ... . . . ... . .. ... ... 1972 44.646.526 100.0 .. ... ... ... ... ... Negro enrollment:

1970 6.712.789 14 9 33.1 68.9 49.4 43.3 39.2 28.0 14 0 1972 6.798,238 15.2 38.3 83.7 46.2 39.2 34.8 25.1 11.2

Spensh.surnarned enrollment:

1970 2.275.041 5.1 44.2 66.8 33.1 22.9 16.3 5.8 1.8 1972 2,414.179 5.4 43.5 68.5 32.9 23.4 18.0 6.2 1 0

American Indian enrollment:

1972 232.786 0.5 65.4 34.8 23.3 16.4 10.7 22 1.7 Oriental enrollment: -

1972

. 233.190 0.6 70.8 29.4 11.2 6.7 3.8 1.0 0.1

Excluding Hawaii. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Neel*. Education, and Welfare. Office for Civil

Rights, Fall 1972 Racial and Made 17nrolknent In Public alanentary and

Seconder, Schools.

Table 178. -Estimated median achievement test scores for lst. and 12thgrade pupils, by racial and ethnic group: United States, fall 198S

Test Racial or Inhale group

Puerto Rican Indian American Mexican American Oriental American Bleck White

1 2 3 4 6 8 7

la Weds:

Nonverbal 45.8 53.0 60.1 56.8 434 64.1 Verbal 44.9 47.8 46.5 51.6 45.4 532 11....../00,..

12th Grade:

Nonverbal 43.3 47.1 45.0 51.6 409 52.0

Verbal

Reading

43.1 42.843.7

44.3

43.5

44.2

49.6

48.8

40.9

42.2

52.1 51.9

Mathematics 43.7 45.9 45.5 51.3 41.8 41.8 General Information 41.7

el=1:02=- 44.7 43.3 49.0 40.8 522

43.1 .--

-.1=12=7¢1:1=1WCZ7=. 45.1 44.4

SILIMIBEICSCIONI9 Average of the 5 tests 50.1 41.1 62.0 NOTE.-This table messing the results of standard achievement tests of certain

intellectual skills such as reading. w.ldng, ca culating. end Problem solving. The

tests were Oink/OW to measure the skills which are the most Important In our

society for getting a good lob and moving up to a better one, end for full

participation in an increasingly technical world.

The scores in each test were stendardited so that the average over the national

sample equaled 50 and tne standard deviation equaled 10. This means that for ail

pupils In the Nation, about 16 percent would score below 40 and about

18 percent would score above 60.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Wafters. National Center

for Education Statistics. Commissioner's report: Equality ofEducational Oppor

tunny. July 2,1986.

154

1C8
'Table 179. -National Assessment of Educational Progress in writing, by age and by selected characteristics of participants:

United States, 1989

INM1111.01111111011041 Selected charecterism

of Participants

Participant.. by age

9 year olds 13yeas -olds 17-year-olds Young adutts

(ages 28-351

Median

percent

correct

Median

difference'

Median

percent coo mat Median

uifferencal

Median

percent

correct

Median

difference!

Median

percent

correct

Median

difference!

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total 28.3 55.4 82.5 58.4

Region:

Northeast 33.0 3.5 60.4 1.8 64.9 0.8 61.0 1.9

Southeast 23.9 -3.1 50.9 -5.1 54.8 -7.8 b1.4 -8.1

nen me 29.0 .8 90.2 8.1 83.8 2.2 59.8 2.9

West 22 4 1.5 56.1 -.6 88.2 4.1 55.4 1.4

Sex:

Male 27.3 -4.0 51.4 -3.4 57.3 -3.4 50.4 -2.3

Female 34.7 4.1 60.9 3.2 87.0 3.0 82.3 2.1 Color:

White 31.8 2 6 60.7 3.0 662 2.8 60.9 3.2

Black 12 3 -12.6 37.2 -13.3 48.7 -19.8 40.8 -18.9

Other 15.6 -12.0 39.0 -12.8 53.0 -8 2 45.5 -16.1

Parent's education:2

No high school 19.8 -11.3 41.8 -9.3 47.3 -10.8 47.8 -11.0

Some high school 24.2 -5.5 45.9 -7.4 50.8 -10.7 60.5 -1.9

High school weduee 28.9 .0 52.4 -2.0 84.0 1.2 59.8 4.9

Post high school 35.1 6.1 65.1 5.5 70.1 6.4 67.9 12.5

Unknown 23.7 -4.5 422 -6.3 58.5 -11.8 42.2 -21.2

Sin and type of community:

Extreme rural 21.5 -4.5 47.1 -8.3 59.7 -4.1 52.3 -6.5

Extreme Inner city 13.3 -14.2 41A -10.5 44.8 -10A 45.7 -10.9

Extreme effluent suburbs 37.4 5.8 68.7 7.5 73.5 8.8 71.8 13.2

Inner-city fringe 21.3 -2.9 56.1 -.4 81.4 -.8 48.5 - 8.2

Suburban fringe 32.2 2.4 59.4 1.8 67.7 3.0 81.5 1.1 Medium city 28.0 2.1 598 1.8 65.2 1.8 59.7 .3

Small city 27.2 .6 53.9 -.7 81.9 .0 501 -3.2

1 Median differences of group performance from the national performance over all exercises Moms,.

2 Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from first-cycle material available in the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress. 1860 LincolnStreet, Denver, Colo. 80203.

October 1972.

1 SS

169
Taioir 180. -Notional Ausssment of Educational Sonoma in eitizenship, by ego and by abated doweeteristio oftorticipants: United States. llititf.70

Selected characteristics

of participants

4Yearottle

Participants, by age

13-yearelds 17.yearolds Young adults

(ages 26-35)

Median

MONK

correct Median

differences

Median Medium

percent difference!

cornet

Median

percent

WINO

Median

difference!

Median

percent correct Median

difference!

1 2 3 7 8 9

Total

Region:

Northeast

Southeast

Central . . . . . . west Sea: Male Farness Color:

Mete Black Other

Peninfe ashgation:3

No high school

Some high school

High school waduste

Post high school

Unknown

She and type of community:

Extreme rural

Extreme inner city

Estrwne effluent suburbs

Innerwity fringe

Suburban fringe

Medium city

Small city

64.1

65.3

60.7

66.0

63.7

63.7

ass

68.4

51.4

51.0

52.9

58.2

66.3

68.7

572

57.3

53.3

89.6

82.9

66.4

66.7

63.2

.1 -.2

1.9

-8.9

-8.9

- 5.5

- 3.3

.4

3.9

- 5.3

- 3.3

-5.7

3.4

-.3

.4

1.4

0.0

63.1

85.5 2.6

59.3 -3.4

92.3 1.1 84.0 -.4

62.7

62.5

.3

-.4

65.8 1.6

50.1 -7.1

47.8 -8.6

46.2 -9.6

60.9 -8.3

56.5 -1.4

64.0 3.9

48.7 -6.3

55.7 -4.3

52.4 -8.0

69.5 4.3

65.13 64.4 .8

68.0 1.0

64.0 -.3

61.8

84.5

50.8

Ott

87 2

632

62.2

65.6

45.6

49.9

44.8

46.6

81.6

66.6

38.7

64.6

53.1

69.4

59.3

87.1

64.9

58.9

1.9

-44

1.0

2.4

.4

-.4

1.7

-9.9

-41

-9.1

-8.8

.3

5.0

-11.0

-4.8

-4.8

5.3

.3

2.4

1.1

-1.9

60.5

63.8

53.3

68.7

83.2

64.0

68.9

63.3

47.1

50.5

53.0

60.8

66.7

73.1

43.3

57.3

66.2

73.7

60.9

62.5

68.8

57.9

.9

-5.0

1.0

1.7

1.4

-1.3

1.5

-9.7

- 7.7

- 8.5

- 0.9

2.4

7.5

-14.2

-4.0

- 8.0

8.6

-2.2

.3

- 1.1

- 2.3

Median differences of group performers:a from the national perforrnance over all exercises Menu).

3 Highest attained by either parent.

156

SOURCE: Taken from firstcycle material available In the flies of Nadonal

Armament of Educational Progress, 1880 Lincoln Street. Denver. Colorado 80203. February 1973.

1 70
Table 181. National Auessment of Educational Progress in reading, by age and by selected characteristics of putidgento: United States, 1970 -71

Swotted characteristics

of par ticipenrs

Participants, by age

"year olds 13.yeer olds 17.yeepolds Young adults

lean 26-36)

Median

Percent

correct

Median

difference' Median percent

correct

Median

difference: Median percent correct Median

Mit:renal

Median

percent

correct

Median

differencel

1 2 3 4 13 8

Total 70.4 sal 77.5 83.5

Region:

Northeast 74.2 2.1 /0.3 2.1 79.4 1.5 83.0 1.0 Southeast 63.13 5.9 619 .4.8 71.8 -4.9 74.3 -8.1

Central 74.0 2.9 71.5 2.3 80.4 84.8 1.3 Wilt 88.13 -.9 68.2 -.3 75.5 -.1 88.3 2.2 Sex: Maw 67.6 -2.4 66.3 -2.5 75.9 -2.0 83.2 .2 Female 73.1 2.3 71.4 2.3 79.5 1.9 81.0 -.3

Colon

White 73.8 7.8 71.8 2.7 79.8 2.2 85.4 2.4 Bieck 61.0 - 18.3 49.0 -15.8 58.7 /f3.4 82.0 -18.7

Other 67.9 - 7.4 68.7 -4.0 73.9 -3.5 72.8 -5.4

Parent's education:3

No high whop! 57.8 -9.1 51.3 -11.9 85.0 -11.1 73.2 -66

Some hoh school. 82.7 -4.8 82.2 -4.5 89.9 -8.0 82.4 -.4

High school graduate 70.7 .7 68.7 .6 78.1 -3 88.1 2.8

Post high school 78.4 13.8 7132 8.7 84.8 5.8 90.3 7.9

Unknown 66.2 -4.7 54.3 -10.4 87.1 -7.9 59.8 -19.1

Size and type of community:

Extreme rural 64.7 - 4.4 80.8 -3.9

Extremes inner City 53.5 -14.3 58.3 -8.1

Extreme effluent suburb 802 84 75 8 5.8

Inner-city fringe 722 1.4 86.5 -1.3

Suburban fringe 73.9 2.1 71.4 2.2

Medium City 89.7 .1 88.5 .4

Small city 69.7 -.8 883

Site of community:

Big city 77.5 -.7 78.7

Silken,/ hinge 81.2 2,8 86.3 1.8 Medium city .... 786 4 83A .8 Smell place 74.9 -2.0 83.4 .5

I Median differences c group Performance from the national PiefOrenenCe Overfill

exercises Iltemsi.

2 Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from f het-cycle materiel available In the files of National

Assessment of Education Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colorado 80203.

March 1973.

157
Table 182. -National Auenment of Educational Progress in literature, by age and by selected eteracteristia of participants: United States, 1970 -71

Selected characteristics

of Participants

Participants, by age

9yeepolds 13-year -olds 171etwokb Young adults

Imps 28-351 Median percent correct Median

difference!

Medien

percent correct Median

difference!

Median

percent

Correct

Median

difference!

Median

Percent correct Mediandifference!

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total

Region:

Northeast

Southeast

Central West SeMale Femme

Color.

White

Bieck

Other

Parent's education:2

No high school

Some high school

High school graduate

Post high wheel

Unknown

Site end co of community:

Extreme rural

E xtreme inner city

Extreme effluent suburb

Inner-city fringe

Suburban fringe

Medium city

Small city

She of community:

Big city

Big -city fringe

Medium city

Small place

43.9

41.8

37.0 48.4

42.3

425

42.9

48.3

29.8

304

31.8

35.1 46.1 50.3

37.8

35.1 32.8

48A

43.5

44.0

42.9

43.3

.8

-4.0

2.4

.5

-.7

.8

2.1

-12.9

-8.6

-7.3

-4.2

.5

5.8

-4.6

-3.8

-9.4

7.5

-.5

2.4

-1.2

.3

53.4

54.9

47.3

54.3

55.0

60.3

53.2

58.5

37.3

50A

41.8

47.7

54.1 60.7

39.2

61.3 48.4

59.8

48.3

53.1 52.: 52.3

1.1

-3.7

.8 1.2

-1.8

1.6

2.3

-12.4

-.7

-9.5

-3.7

-.3

5.9

-9.9

-3.1

-5.4

6.6

1.3 0.0

-.6

81.3

83.8

58.3

82.8

82.7

59.9

61.8

62.8

48.9

64.5

48.9

53.0

80.2

69.6

49.2

59.2

135.0 82A

80.8

1.1

-4A

1.2

.4

-1.1

1.0

1.9

-13.9

-3.6

-10.9

-8.5

-.8

6.9

-9.4

-1.1

2.5

.4

-1.0

64.0

86.0

53.2

63.2

67.2

63.6

63.7

87.2

43.5

57.1

53.3

61.2

65.7

74,4

38.1

60.9

84.2

66.4

62.1

2.4

-7.8

.0

2.3

0.0

-.1

2.1

-18.4

-3.9

-8.7

-1.6

1.8

10.1

-14.5

-1.3

1.6

1.6

-1.0

Median differences of group performance from the national performance over all exercises

Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from flist-cyc a materiel available In the flies of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colorado 80203. Match 1973.

"1.72
TOM 183. - Malone' Amassment of Educations *menu In Klemm by op and selected chareatedstlos of pordelpents: United States, 1970 and 1973

Selected

characteristics avear.olds

of

pirtootoots Mean

percent

Comet

1970

Men

percent correct 1973

Difference.

1970 to 1973

1 2 3 4

Total GOA 58.8 .19

Reglom

Nontwest 62.9 60.5 .2.4

Southeast 55.2 54.8

Central 82.1 60.2 .1.9 West 60.8 59.4 .1.4 Bea: PAW 61.7 59.9 .1.8

Female 59.4 57.7 .1.7

Color:

White 83.5 81.9 .1.6

Bleck 48.6 45.6 .1.0

Pawned education:I

No high school 52.3 52.8 .5 Some high school 552 55.4 .4

school graduate elm 59.9 .1.1

Post high school 88.4 64.5 .1.9

Mrs and type of COMSIUMV:

Rural 53.8 56.0 . 2.2

Low metropolitan 45.4 45.8 .2

metropolitan 88.0 65.7 .2.3

Mein big any 58.0 57.3 -.7 Man Wings

Medium OW

63.3

61.2

60.5

60.3

.29

.9

Saudi 1:4001 61.2 59.6 -1.6

'catboat respondlints only.

3 Highest attuned by lather potent.

Participants. by 491

13.yeardds 17yero

Man

percent correct 1970 B58.8

60.6

53.9

61.1

58.4

61.0

55.7

82.0

44.0

47.7

61.8

57.1

64.2

52.2

45.6

84.7

54.9

61.5

61.1

59.6

Mean

Percent correct 1973

Difference,

1970 to 1973

Mean

percent

comet

1970 Mean worn

coned

1973

Difference.

1970 to 1973

8 7 8 9 10

68.9

59.1

54.1

58.4

55.5

59.0

54.7

60.2

40.7

463

50.9

56.6

83.3

54.8

43.8

83.7

54.6

67.6

50.0

88.1

. 1.9

.1.5

.2 .8.9

.0

. 1.9

. 19 .3

.0

2.7

. 19

. 1.1 .9

.30

. 1.4

442

46.8

40.9

44.0

44.4

47.3

41.2

45.7

33.4

37.1

38.0

42.7 .

48.2

40.6

37.0

492

44.6

44.6

48.2

43.3

41.9

43.7

409

42.1

40.7

as

39.1

431

32.3

35.1

382

40.7

48.0

40.3

34.2

46.3

392

41.7

422

43.0

41.3

-2.1

49.8.0.2

.0.3

4.8

-29

4.4 4949

.0.3

SOURCE: Than from material amilable In the files of National Assessment of

Educational Prowess. 1880 Lincoln Bones, Denver, Colorado 80203, November

1974.

13
Table 184. - Notional Assessment of Educational Progress In music, by age end selected characteristics of partioloustis United &eta. 1271 -72

Participants. by age

Selected

characteristics

of participants

Total

Region;

Northeast

Southeast

Central West Male Female

Colo,:

White Black Other

Pawn's! Education:2

No high school

Soon high school

High school graduate

Post high school

Unknown

Mao and type of community:

Rural

Low metropolitan

High metropolitan

Main big city

Men fringe

Medium city

Snag pieces

9yeavolds 13.yearolch 17yearolds Young adults 1213-361

Median

percent COMM Median

difference'

Median

Percent correct Median

difference'

Median

percent correct Median

difference'

Median

percent correct Median

difference'

2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9

53.8 48.9 49.3 41.5 111 69.0

47.9

3.2 494 0.6 49.5 0.5 44.7 1.8

58.7

.2.8 44.3 .2 48.8 1.6 38.0 .3.9

60.2

1.5 52.3 1.6 60.8 1A 42.8 0.9 -18 48.5 4.8 48.7 43.8 41.6 0.1 61.7

55.9

0.3 0.3

44.9 4.9 45.8 4.9 38.9 4.9 51.9 0.9 60.2 0.8 43.2 0.9

67.8 2.0 81.1 1.1 60.3 .2 44.0 1.7 43.13 44.8

.7.9 38.7 .9 39.7 4.13 27.2 .9.0 .7.8 41.3 4.1 37.7 .7 .2 23.9 4.8

48.8

47.4 38.8 .1 38.1 7.6 31.3 4.9

63.3

4.8

0.1

41.0

47.7

4.2 40.3 4.3 37.9 .1

02.0 5.0

4.1 48.1 4.3 43.2 1.3

47.5 55.5 3.3 64.1 3.8 55.3 9.0 3.1 39A .4 38.1 3.9 28.2 04

48.5

42.6

.7 43.8 -1 A 47.7 .1.3 35.0 44

132.7 82.3

4.8

5.5

0.0

39.5

85.6

45.3

3.4

1.0

43.8

540

48.3

4.3

3.6

4.4

30.8

82.0

39.1

4.8

8.7

52.9 .1 88.0

0.3 45.9 0.0 49.3 0$ 42.0 0.5

53.7

0.5

0.1

49.7 0.3 60.5 0.6 42.9 OA 49.2 0.1 48.2 4.6 40.0 4.7

I Median differences of group performance from the national performance over en exercises MOMS).

2 Highect attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from material available in the H es of National Assessment of

Educational Progress. 1880 Lincoln Street. Denver Colorado 80203. December 1974.

160174
Digest of Educational Statistics

INDEX

A

Page

Accounting, degrees conferred 95

Additions to plant value, higher education 114

Administrative units (school districts) 12, 53

Adult education:

expenditures, public schools 63

participants in 10

Age: enrollment by 8-9

ranges for compulsory and permissive

attendance 33

Agriculture:

degrees conferred 95, 100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, vocational education 43-44

formal awards, organized occupational

curriculums 105-106

All levels of education 5-28

American college students abroad 142

Annual expenditure per pupil, public elementary

and secondary schools 66-67

Annual salary. (See: Salaries.)

Annuity funds, higher education 110-11.1

Applied research funds 127-128, 153

Architecture:

degrees conferred 95,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Area studies, degrees conferred 95,100

Art, degrees conferred 97

Associate degrees 104

Auxiliary enterprises, higher education 107, 110, 114

Available instruction rooms 52

Average daily attendance 32, 34-35

Average daily membership 32

Average length of school year 32, 34-35

B

Bachelor's degrees 94-101

Bacteriology, degrees conferred 95

Basic administrative units 12, 53

Basic research funds 126, 128, 152-153

Biochemistry, degrees conferred 95

Biological Sciences:

degrees conferred 95,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Biology, degrees conferred 95

Board rates 113

Bond elections, results of 60

Book and periodical prices 149-150

Botany, degrees conferred 95

Business and management:

degrees conferred 95-96, 100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Page

Business and managementContinued

formal awards, organized occupational

curriculums 106

Business education, degrees conferred 96

C

Capital outlay:

all levels of education 23, 26

higher education. (See: Additions to plant value.)

public elementary and secondary

schools 61-63, 66

Catholic schools:

elementary and secondary 41

Institutions of higher education 93

Chemistry, degrees conferred 98

Chur.....t affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 41

institutions of higher education 93

City school systems 36

Classrooms. (See: Instruction rooms.)

Classroom teachers:

nonpublic elementary and secondary

schools 45, 48

public elementary and secondary schools . 45-48

secondary schools, by field 48

College facility. (See: Faculty, higher education.)

College graduates, male, by field 104

College students, selected

characteristics of 78, 81

Colleges and universities. (See:

Institutions of higher education.)

Communications, degrees conferred 96,100

Community colleges, expenditures 63

Community services, expenditures 63

Completed instauction rooms 52

Compulsory attendance, age ranges for 33

Computer and information sciences:

degrees conferred 96,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Consultants, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

Cuban refisgee program funds 133

Current expenditures:

all levels of education 23, 26

higher education 114-115

public elementary and secondary schools . . 61-67

Current-fund income, higher education . . . 107-110

Daily attendance as a percent of

enrollment 32, 34-35

1611

`,YS.
Page Degrees, earned:

associate 104

bachelor's, first-professional,

master's, doctor's 94-103

by sex 95-104

dentistry 100-101

engineering 96-97, 100-101

historical summary 101

law 98, 100-101

major field of study 95-100

medicine 100-101

Denominational affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 41

institutions of higher education 93

Dentistry:

degrees conferred 100-101

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Development funds 128, 152-153

Distributive occupations, enrollment 43-44

Districts, school 12, 53

Doctor's degrees 94-103

Dormitory rooms, charges for 113

Draftees failing mental test 18

Dramatic arts, degrees conferred 97

Dropouts:

employment of 139-140

percent of population 14 to 24 54

E

Earned degrees. (See: Degrees, earned.)

Earnings by years of school completed 20-22

Economics, degrees conferred 99

Education:

adult 10

all levels . 5-28

degrees conferred 96,100

elementary and secondary 29-68

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

exceptional children 37-38

Federal programs 119-136

handicapped pupils 37-38

higher 69-118

selected statistics 137-160

structure 4

vocational 43-44, 67-68 Education in the United States, structure of 4

Educational administration and supervision,

degrees conferred 96

Educational attainment 14-16

Educational exchange program grants 127

Educational research expenditures 132, 152

Educational television 146

Elementary and secondary education 29-68

Elementary and Secondary Education Act . 131, 136

Elementary education, degrees conferred 96

Elementary schools:

nonpublic 12, 53 public 12, 53

Employment:

college graduates 140-141

high school graduates and dropouts 138-140

Page Endowment funds 110-111, 117

Engineering:

degrees conferred 96-97, 100-101

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, higher education 82

graduates, organized occupational

curriculums 105

English:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment, advanced degrees 81

enrollment, public high schools 43

Enrollment:

adult education 10

advanced degrees 80-81

ages 3-34 and 5-34 8-9

all levels of education 6-9

by age 8-9

by grade 31

by race 8

by sex 8

elementary schools:

nonpublic 39-42

public 30-31, 34-37, 39-40

engineering 82

English:

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

public secondary schools 43

exceptional children 6-7, 37-38

foreign languages:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 42-43

higher education:

advanced degrees 80-81

by sex 70, 74-75, 77-84

by type of institution 76, 90

degree-credit 71-73, 75-77

engineering 82

first-professional degrees 72, 77, 80

first-time 71, 77-78

full-time 70, 74,77, 80

graduate 72, 76-77, 80-81

non-degree-credit 72, 77

part-time 70, 74, 77, 80

privately controlled institutions 70, 75-77

publicly controlled institutions 70, 75-77

resident 73, 76

two-year colleges 76, 83

undergraduate 72, 76-77

high schools. (See: Secondary schools.)

kindergartens 31, 39, 41

land-grant institutions 118

large cities 36

mathematics:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 43

preprimary programs 41

science:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 43

secondary schools:

nonpublic 33, 39-42

public 30-31, 33-37, 39-40

162176
Page

social sciences, advanced degrees 80-81

social sciences, public secondary schools 43

special education for exceptional

children 6--7, 37-38

two-year colleges 76, 83

vocational education 43-44

Exceptional children, enrollment:

public day schools 37--38

residential schools 6-7, 37

Expenditures:

adult education 63

all levels of education 23-28

by source of funds 23-24

community colleges 63

community services 63

educational research 132, 152

Federal Govenulient 23-24, 123-125

higher education 114-116

instructional materials 136

libraries 147-149

per pupil, public schools 66 67

per student, higher education 112

public elementary and secondary schools . . 61-65

pupil transportation 38

State and local governments 23-24, 27-28

summer schools, public elementary and

secondary 63

vocational education 67-68

F

Faculty, higher education:

abroad 142

by academic rank 85-87, 89

by field 85

by sex 84, 86-89

by type of institution 87-89

demographic and background

characteristics 86, 88

professional background and academic

activity. 86-87

Faculty salaries 89-90

Federal programs for education 119-136

Federally affected areas, aid to 126, 131

Fees, higher education students 112-113

Fellowship programs, Federal 129

Field of study:

college graduates, male, in population 104

earned degrees 95- -100

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

secondary schools 42-43

Finances. (See: Capital outlay, Current

expenditures, Expenditures, Income,

Property, Receipts, Salaries.)

Fine and applied arts:

degrees conferred 97,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

First-professional degrees 94, 100-101

First -time college students 71, 77-78

Foreign languages and literature:

degrees conferred 97, 100

Page

Foreign languages and literatureContinued

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

secondary schools 42-43

Foreign students in American colleges . 73, 143-144

Forestry:

degrees conferred 95

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

Four-year institutions:

enrollment 76, 90

number 90-91

French:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Full-time college students 70, 74, 77, 80

Funds, Federal, for education 119-136

G

Geography:

degrees conferred 99

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

Geology, degrees conferred 98

German:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Gifted, special education for the 37

Gifts and grants, higher education . . . 107, 110-111

Government, degrees conferred 99

Grade enrollment 31

Graduate students:

by field of study 80-81

enrollment 72, 76-77, 80-81

Graduates:

high school:

number 54-56

employment 138-140

institutions of higher education 94-104

organized occupational curriculums . . . . 105-106

Greek, degrees conferred 97

Gross national product, relation to

expenditures for education 25-26

Guidance personnel, public elementary

and secondary schools 46

H

Handicapped, special education for the 37-38

Health occupations (vocational) enrollment . 43-44

Health professions:

degrees conferred 97, 100-101

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

High school graduates:

employment 138-140

nonpublic 56

public 56

total 54-56

High school seniors, educational

experience and personal aspirations . ...... 57

High schools. (See: Secondary schools.)

Higher education 69-118
Page Page Historical summary statistics:

higher education 84

public elementary and secondary schools . . 34-35

History, degrees conferred 99

Home economics:

degrees conferred 98, 100

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

vocational education 43-44

graduates, organized occupational

curriculums 105-106

I

Illiteracy 17-18

Income:

all levels of education 22

by age 20-22

by years of school completed 20-22

higher education 107-113

personal

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

Indians, enrollment in Federal schools for 6-7

Institutions of higher education:

by control 12, 90-93

by denominational affiliation 93

by highest level of offering 93

by size 90

by type 90-91

conferring most doctor's degrees 102

enrolling largest number of students 74

for men, for women, and coeducational . . . 92-93

with large libraries 148

Instructional materials, funds for 136

Instructional staff, elementary

and secondary schools:

nonpublic 45, 48

public 45-48

Instruction rooms:

abandoned 52

available 52

completed 52

Interest on school debt 61-63, 66

International educational activities . . . . 73,142 -145

Italian:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

.1 Journalism:

degrees conferred 96

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

Junior colleges:

enrollment 76, 83, 90

number 83, 90-91

Junior high schools 54

Junior-senior high schools 54

Kindergartens, enrollment

K

31, 39, 41

Labor force status of high school

graduates and dropouts 138-140

Land-grant institutions 118

Latin:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Law:

degrees conferred 98,100 --101

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Letters, de pfts conferred 98,100

Level of school completed 14-16

librarians:

by type of library 148

public elementary and secondary schools 46

Libraries:

college and university 148-149

Federal 147

large

ge

Public 146

lar university 148

public 146-147

Library expenditures:

college and university 148-149

Federal 147

public 147

Library science:

degrees conferred 98,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Lifetime income by years of school

completed 21-22

Literature, degrees conferred 98

Local basic administrative units 12, 53

Local public school systems, statistics of 37

Local sources, receipts from:

all levels of education 22

higher education 107, 110

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

M

Major field of study:

college graduates, male, in

population 104

degrees conferred 95-100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Master's degrees 94-101

Mathematics:

degrees conferred 98,100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, public high schools 43

Medical technologies, degrees conferred 97

Medicine:

degrees conferred 100-101

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Mentally retarded, special education . . . . . . . 37-38

Mental tests, draftees failing 18

Military sciences, degrees conferred 98,100

Minority students:

enrolled in school 8

in elementary and secondary schools . . 153-154

Music, degrees conferred 97

164 1 78
Page

Music education, degrees conferred 96

N

National Assessment of Educational Progress:

citizenship 156

literature 158

music 160

reading 157

science 159

writing 155

National Defense Education Act

(NDEA) 126, 132, 136

Negroes:

enrolled in school 8

in elementary and secondary schools 154

institutions attended predominantly by 82

Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 45, 48

enrollment 33, 39-42

expenditures 23-24, 26

graduates 56

instructional staff 45,48

number 12, 53

Nonrevenue receipts, public elementary

and secondary schools 58

Nonsupervisory instructional staff, public

elementary and secondary schools 46

Nursing, degrees conferred 97

0

Occupations:

college graduates 140-141

high school graduates 140

school dropouts 140

Office occupations (vocational)

enrollment 43-44

Office of Education, programs

administered by 125, 129-133, 135-136

One-teacher schools, public elementary 53

Organized occupational curriculums,

formal awards based on 105-106

P

Part-time college students 70, 74, 77, 80

Per capita personal income 64

Per pupil cost of transportation 38

Personal income:

per capita 64

related to expenditures for higher

education 116

related to expenditures for public

elementary and secondary schools 64-65

Pharmacy, degrees conferred 97

Philosophy:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

Physical education, degrees conferred 96

Physical plant, higher education, value of 117

Page

Physical sciences:

degrees conferred 98, 100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Physics, degrees conferred 98

Plant value, higher education 117

Political science, degrees conferred 99

Population:

by continent 144

by country 145

college-age 75-76

percent:

3-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8-9

5-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8

with 4 years of college 14, 16

with 4 years of high school 14,16

with less than 5 yeas of

elementary school 14, 16

school-age 33-35

Postgraduate (high school) enrollment 31

Preprimary programs, enrollment in 41

Principals, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

Private elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 45, 48

enrollment 33, 39-42

expenditures 23-24, 26

graduates 56

instructional staff 45, 48

number 12, 53

Private gifts and grants, higher

education 107,110 -111

Privately controlled institutions of

higher education:

endowment 117

enrollment- 70, 75-77

expenditures 114-115

faculty salaries 89

income 107-109, 111-113

number 12, 90-93

physical plant value 117

student charges 112-113

Professional degrees 94, 100-101

Property, higher education, value of 117

Protestant schools:

elementary and secondary 41

institutions of higher education 93

Psychological personnel, public elementary

and secondary schools 46

Psychology:

degrees conferred 98, 100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Public affairs and services, degrees

conferred 98, 100

Public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 45-48

enrollment 30-31, 33-37, 39-40

expenditures 61-65

graduates 56

instructional staff 45-48

number 12, 53-54

revenue receipts 58-60

165

1 !.5$9
Publicly controlled institutions of

higher education:

endowment 117

enrollment 70, 75-77

expenditures 114-115

faculty salaries 89

income 107-109, 111-113

number 12, 90-93

physical plant value 117

student charges 112-113

Public school systems 12, 53

Pupils:

enrollment 30-44

expenditures 66-67

transportation 38

Page

R

Receipts:

all levels of education 22

higher education 107-113

Public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

Regular 4-year high schools 54

Religion:

degrees conferred 98-99

enrollment for advanced degrees 81

Religious affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 41

institutions of higher education 93

Research and development funds . . .. 128, 152-153

Residence and migration of college students . . . . 73

Residential schools, exceptional

children, enrollment 6-7, 37

Retention rates 13-14

Revenue receipts, public elementary

and secondary schools 58-60

Room charges 113

Russian:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

S

Salaries:

higher education:

by academic rank 89-90

privately controlled institutions 89

publicly controlled institutions 89

by size of institution 89

by type of institution 89

offered degree candidates 141-142

library expenditures for 147-149

public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 49

total instructional staff 50, 51

scientists 151

School assistance in federally

affected areas 126,131 -'

School bond elections, results of 60

School districts 12, 53

School lunch program funds 127

School retention rates 13-14

Page

School systems 12, 53

School year, length 32, 34-35

School years completed 14-16

Schools:

elementary and secondary:

nonpublic 12, 53

public 12, 53-54

higher education:

private 12, 90-93

public 12, 90-93

Science, enrollment, public high schools 43

Scientists:

by employer 151

by field 151

salaries 151

Secondary education, degrees conferred 96

Secondary schools:

nonpublic 12, 53

public:

junior high 54

junior-senior high 54

senior high 54

total 12, 53-54

traditional 54

Secondary school teachers, by field:

nonpublic .4g

public 48

Statistics related to education in the U.S. . . 137-160

Senior high schools 54

Size of enrollment:

institutions of higher education 90

school districts 53

Social sciences:

degrees conferred 99-100

enrollment, advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, public high schools 43

Social work, degrees conferred 98

Sociology, degrees conferred 99

Spanish:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Special education for exceptional children6-7, 37-38

Speech, degrees conferred 98

Staff. (See: Faculty, Classroom teachers,

Instructional Staff, Teachers.)

State governments, receipts from:

all levels of education 22

higher education 107, 110

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

Statistics, degrees conferred 98

Student fees, higher education 112-113

Student loan funds 110.111

Student loan (Federal) programs . . . . 126, 131-132

Students. (See: Enrollment.)

Subcollegiate departments, higher education:

enrollment 6-7

instructional staff 11

Summer school expenditures, public

elementary and secondary schools 63

Supervisors, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

166 1.80
Page

T

Teachers:

all levels of education 11

elementary and secondary schools:

by field 48

characteristics 47-48

nonpublic 45, 48

public 45-48

higher education:

resident instruction 85

selected characteristics 86-88

salaries:

higher education 89-90

public elementary and secondary

schools 49

Teachers and other instructional staff,

public elementary and secondary schools:

number 46

salaries 49-51

Technical education (vocational) enrollment 43-44

Technical and semiprofessional programs,

awards based on 105-106

Television, public 146

Tests, draftees failing 18

Theology:

degrees conferred 99-100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80

Trades and industry (vocational) enrollment . 43-44

Traditional high schools 54

Traineeship and training grant programs,

Federal 129

Transportation, public elementary and

secon schools 38

lIdlion and fees, higher education 112-113

Two-year institutions:

enrollment 76, 83, 90

number 83, 90-91

U

Undergraduate enrollment 72, 76-77

U.S. college faculty abroad 142

U.S. college students abroad

U.S. education, structure of

Universities:

enrollment

number

Page

142

4

76,90

90-91

V

Value of physical plant, higher education 117

Value of nonexpendable hinds, higher

education 117

Value of property, higher education 117

Veterinary medicine:

degrees conferred 100

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Vocational agriculture, enrollment 43-44

Vocational education:

enrollment 43-44

enditures 6 68

Federal fUnds 67-68, 126,

teachers

Volumes:

college and university libraries

Federal libraries

public libraries

Wages or salary of full-time employees

Whites and nonwhites:

enrollment

test scores

years of school completed

Y

Years of school completed:

Persons 25 years old and over

Persons 25 to 29 years old

Zoology, degrees conferred

132, 135-7136

48

148-49

147

146-147

51

8

154

14-15

14-16

14

95

&I.167

U. 8. oarsman PI INTEIO OFFICE : 1915 0.311.602