|USDA logo**United StatesDepartment 
      ofAgriculture**ARS logo**AgriculturalResearchService**NAL logo**NationalAgriculturalLibrary**AWIC logo***Animal WelfareInformation 
      Center***** | Information Resources on the Care and Welfare of Horses
      AWIC Resource Series No. 36 
      November 2006

      Updates Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Horses, 1994
      **Compiled and edited by:**Cristin Swords
	      
	      Animal Welfare Information Center

	      National Agricultural 
      Library
      U.S. Department of Agriculture**Published by:**
      U. S. Department of 
      Agriculture

      Agricultural Research Service

      National Agricultural 
      Library**Animal Welfare Information 
      Center**
      Beltsville, Maryland 20705Web 
      site:http://awic.nal.usda.gov
          Published in cooperation with the **Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine**Web Policies and Important Links
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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## **Contents**

- Forward
- About this Document
- Request Library Materials
- Horse Welfare*by D. Mills, University of Lincoln*
- Equine Welfare Issues in the United States: An Introduction*by C.L. Stull, University of California, Davis*

- **Bibliography**
- Anesthesia and Analgesia
- Behavior
- Environmental Enrichment
- Housing
- Law and Legislation
- Nutrition and Feeding
  Feeding Methods
    Feeding Restrictions
    Age Specific Nutrition
    Concentrates
    Roughages
    Vitamins and Supplements
- Feeding Methods
- Feeding Restrictions
- Age Specific Nutrition
- Concentrates
- Roughages
- Vitamins and Supplements
- Pasture
- PMU Ranching
- Safety
- Training
- Transportation
- **Web Resources**

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### Forward

This information resource came to fruition through the diligence of a student employee at the Animal Welfare Information Center.  The document contains a comprehensive bibliography and extensive
selection of web site resources.  Two papers introducing horse care and welfare issues are also included. Dr. C. Stull of the University of 
California at Davis presents an overview of equine issues in the United States and Dr. D. Mills of the University of Lincoln gives an introduction to worldwide equine ethics and concerns.

Horse welfare issues are coming increasingly
to the forefront of animal issues.  An economic impact study conduced by Deloitte Consulting LLP for the American Horse Council Foundation in 2005 
indicated that there are over 9.2 million horses in the United States with over 4.6 million people involved as horse owners, service providers, employees and volunteers.  Over the past few years, the US Congress ha
s discussed bills related to the transportation and 
slaughter of horses as well as the sale of wild free-roaming horses and burros.  Additionally, concerns over the production of pregnant mare's urine 
for hormone replacement therapy (PMU ranching) led to the establishment of groups who placed animals in new homes after 
ranches were closed.  For an overview of the equine ranching industry, see the article *PMU Ranching Demonstrates Benefits of Self-Regulation*
by Norman Luba in the *Animal Welfare Information Center Bulletin* Vol 10., No. 1-2 (1999).

In the United States, the federal Horse Protection Act 
was first passed in 1972 in order to prohibit painful soring practices and continues to be enforced today.  
Under the Animal Welfare Act, only horses used in 
biomedical research, teaching or testing are regulated. The Animal Legal and Historical Center at the Michigan State University College of Law
provides a list of federal and state horse related statutes in the United States. Worldwide, many 
countries perceive horses as pets rather than farm animals.  In the United Kingdom (UK), DEFRA provides a gateway to horse issues in government, including
links to information on health, breeding, and passports for travel.  An overview of international anti-cruelty laws is also provided by the Animal Legal and Historical Center at 
the Michigan State University College of Law.

This document will continue to evolve as new research is conducted and published.  It 
is hoped that this information resource is a starting point for all people who care and work with horses.

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### About this Document

This publication
updates and expands AWIC'sHousing, Husbandry and Welfare of Horses, 1994.
The
bibliographic chapters are divided into subject areas that cover anesthesia and analgesia, behavior, environmental enrichment, housing, 
law and legislation, nutrition and feeding, pasture, equine ranching, safety , training and transportation. Citations included in these
chapters were published between 1994 and December 2006 and selected from
searches conducted using a variety of agricultural, medical and life
science databases.  In each chapter, the citations are arranged
alphabetically according to the last name of the primary
author. Web sites specific to each topic area are included at the end of the chapters.

Each
citation in the bibliographies contains descriptor terms, an abstract when
available, and the NAL call number if the particular source is available
at the National Agricultural Library (NAL). Visit the NAL web site for information on how to
request library materials.

Readers are cautioned as to the
dynamic nature of the internet and the fact that web addresses and content
are subject to change. All sites are current as of April 2008.

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Return to 
ContentsReturn to Top

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*Contact the Animal Welfare Information Center
    http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/horses/horses.htm

  April 24, 2008*