Oral Health U.S., Oral Health U.S.,

2002

Produced by

The Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Data Resource Center

of

The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

The National Institutes of Health

and

Division of Oral Health

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Untreated caries prevalence by gender and age group

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Na

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Untreated caries prevalence by federal poverty level (FPL) race/ethnicity by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Untreated caries prevalence by education* and age group

*For children and adolescents education represents the educational attainment of the head of househ

education represents the educational attainment of the individual.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Nat

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth by age group (ages 6-8, 12-15, and 35-44 years) and gend
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Na

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth age group (ages 6-8, 12-15, and 35-44 years) and race/et
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Na

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces in permanent teeth by age group (ages 6-8, 12-15, and 35-44 years) and fedepoverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed and filled surfaces in primary teeth (dfs) by age g(ages 2-4 and 6-8 years) and gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed and filled surfaces in primary teeth (dfs) by age g(ages 2-4 and 6-8 years) and race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Decayed and filled surfaces in primary teeth (dfs) by age g(ages 2-4 and 6-8 years) and federal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, and 

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health StatisDisease Control and Prevention.

Trends in primary dentition untreated dental caries prevale

1.3.1A

Trends in primary dentition

untreated dental caries

prevalence by age group

Trends in primary dent

untreated dental caries pre

by age group and gen
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Note: Race/ethnicity in NHANES I was

coded to be comparable to NHANES III.

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, and 

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health StatisDisease Control and Prevention.

1.3.1C

Trends in primary dentition

untreated dental caries prevalence

by age group and race/ethnicity

Trends in primary dentition 

dental caries prevalence 

group and federal poverty le

Trends in primary dentition untreated dental caries prevale
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, an

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health StatDisease Control and Prevention.

Trends in permanent d

untreated dental caries p

by age group and ge

1.3.2A 

Trends in permanent dentition untreated dental caries pre

Trends in permanent dentition

untreated dental caries prevalence

by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, an

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, National Center for Health StatDisease Control and Prevention.

Trends in permanent dentitio

dental caries prevalence by 

and federal poverty leve

1.3.2C 

Trends in permanent dentition untreated dental caries pre

Trends in permanent dentition

untreated dental caries prevalence by

age group and race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Note: The quartiles represented here are as follows: 1:0-0.838, 2:0.839-1.648, 3:1.649-2.912, and 4Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Na

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of children with dental sealants on 1st or 2ndmolars by age group, race/ethnicity, and federal poverty le
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of children with dental sealants on 1st or 2ndmolars by age group, race/ethnicity, and federal poverty le
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Fluoridation growth by population in the United States

Source: 2000 Water Fluoridation Reporting System, Centers for Disease Control and Preventio(http://www.cdc.gov/nohss/fsgrowth.htm).
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of U.S. population on public water systems

Source: 2000 Water Fluoridation Reporting System, Centers for Disease Controland Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/nohss/fssupplystats.htm).
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Percentage of U.S. population on public water systemsreceiving fluoridated water

Source: 2000 Water Fluoridation Reporting System, Centers for Disease Controland Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/nohss/fssupplystats.htm).
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Populations receiving optimally fluoridated public d

United States, 2000. MMWR 2002;51:144-7. (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm51

Percentage of population receiving fluoridated water throupublic water systemsó10 highest and 10 lowest states, 2
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of gingival bleeding among adults aged 20 and by selected demographic characteristics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, Na

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of loss of attachment of 4 mm or more among aged 20 and older by age and race/ethnicity*
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of loss of attachment of 4 mm or more among aged 20 and older by selected characteristics*
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population except for age groups.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 18 and older with full dentitionby demographic variables*
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 18 and older with full dentitionby race/ethnicity and federal poverty level (FPL)*

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 18 and older with full dentitionby annual family income*

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Centers for Disease Control a
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with 21 or more teby age and race/ethnicity

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 50 and older with 21 or more teby education*

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 50 and older with 21 or more teby race/ethnicity and federal poverty level (FPL)*

* Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of edentulism by selected demographic charac

Data source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for 

Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of edentulism by annual family income and age

Data source: 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of denture use among edentulous adults byrace/ethnicity, federal poverty level (FPL), and education

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 18 and older with a self-assessoral health status of good or better by race/ethnicity, fedepoverty level (FPL), and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 18 and older with a self-assessoral health status of good or better by smoking status anddental visits
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of oral infections and benign lesions by race/eamong adults aged 18 and older
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of oral infections and benign lesions by educatamong adults aged 18 and older

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of the U.S. population that visited a dentistwithin the past year by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of the U.S. population that visited a dentistwithin the past year by selected demographics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Note: Sample size of children living below the federal poverty level (FPL) receiving orthodontia is too sm

reliable estimates.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger who repreventive dental services during 1997 by type of service federal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger whoreceived any preventive dental services during 1997 byrace/ethnicity and federal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Note: Sample size of uninsured children living below the federal poverty level (FPL) is too small to prodData source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of children aged 18 years and younger whoreceived any preventive dental services during 1997 byinsurance status and federal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Source: Brener ND, Burstein GR, DuShaw ML, Vernon ME, Wheeler L, Robinson J. Health services: res

School of Health Policies and Programs Study 2000. Journal of School Health 2001;71(7):294-30with the permission of the American School Health Association.

Percentage of schools that provided oral health screening
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 2001 Uniform Data System, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Health Resources and Servi

Percentage of community-based health centers offering vatypes of dental care services on-site, 2001
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 2001 Uniform Data System, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Health Resources and Servi

Administration.

Employment status of dental employees atcommunity-based health centers
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Source: CDCís Division of Oral Health and the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directo

Map of states with full-time dental directors, 2000
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, Nat

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults with a usual source of dental care by 1971-1975
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, Nat

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults with a usual source of dental careby selected demographics, 1971-1975
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: MEPS reports race/ethnicity as Hispanic, non-Hispanic blacks, and other (including non-Hispan* Includes seeing general dentist, dental hygienist, or dental technician.Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of the population who received preventive denservices during 1997 by type of service and race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* Includes seeing general dentist, dental hygienist, or dental technician.Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of the population who received preventivedental services during 1997 by type of service andfederal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Note: Sample size for uninsured receiving fluoride services was insufficient to produce reliable nationa* Includes seeing general dentist, dental hygienist, or dental technician.Data source: 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, Agency for Healthcare R

Percentage of the population who received preventive denservices during 1997 by type of service and insurance sta
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve

Percentage of adults who did not visit a dentistwithin the past 12 months due to cost by age
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data sources: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) 1971-1975, Na

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor SurCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults who did not visit a dentistwithin the past 12 months due to cost by gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve

Percentage of adults who did not visit a dentistwithin the past 12 months due to cost by income
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1998 Natality Data Set, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Contro

Prevalence of congenital malformations by race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with chronicorofacial pain by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with chronicorofacial pain by gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with jaw joint pain race/ethnicity and federal poverty level (FPL)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with acuteorofacial pain by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with tooth pain byrace/ethnicity, federal poverty level (FPL) and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1989 National Health Interview Survey Orofacial Pain Supplement, National Center for H

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 20 and older with mouth sores race/ethnicity and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1999 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Center for Health Stat

Disease Control and Prevention.

Craniofacial injuries among emergency room visits byselected demographic characteristics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Source: The 1986-1987 National Survey of Oral Health in U.S. School Children, National Institute 

Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health via Tomar SL, Winn DM, Swango PA, Giovino GAOral mucosal smokeless tobacco lesions among adolescents in the United States. J Dent Res 199reprinted with permission from the Journal of Dental Research.

Smokeless tobacco lesions among 12- to 17-year-oldsby selected demographic characteristics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Smokeless tobacco lesions among adults aged 18 and oldby selected demographic characteristics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, Centers for Dis

Prevention.

Trends in prevalence of current cigarette smoking amongU.S. high school students by race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, Centers for Dis

Prevention.

Trends in prevalence of current cigarette smoking amongU.S. high school students by gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 National Health Interview Surveys, National Center for He

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Trends in prevalence of current cigarette smoking among 
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers (1992-19
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* The totals in this figure include the unstaged cancers.Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers (1992-19by stage at diagnosis and race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* The totals in this figure include the unstaged cancers.Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 Registries Public-Use, August 199

(1993-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers (1992-19by stage at diagnosis and gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers (1992-19by age group
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for 

and Prevention.

Percentage of adults aged 40 and older who reported havihad an oral cancer examination in the past year
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1992 and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, 

Control and Prevention.

Trends in percentage of adults aged 40 and older whoreported having had an oral cancer examination in thepast year by race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* Age adjusted to the year 2000 U.S. standard population.Data source: 1998 National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for 

and Prevention.

Oral and pharyngeal cancer deaths (per 100,000*) in 1998 race/ethnicity, gender and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by sites
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* The SEER stages of In Situ and Localized are combined into Localized; Regional and Distant stages a

Advanced.

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by siteand stage* at diagnosis
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site an
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 11 Registries Public-Use, August 19

(1992-1997). The rates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard popula

Incidence rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers by site an
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Source: Nederfors T, Isaksson R, Mornstad H, Dahlof C. Prevalence of perceived symptoms of dry mou

Swedish populationórelation to age, sex and pharmacotherapy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1Materials used with the permission of Blackwell Publishing.

Prevalence of reported xerostomia among subjects aged 2years by number of medications taken
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Percentage of persons with diabetes among adults aged30 and older by age group and race/ethnicity
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

*Types of dentists include dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialiData source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for 

and Prevention.

Percentage of dentate adults aged 50 and older with andwithout diabetes who visited a dentist* within the past yeaby race/ethnicity and gender
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

* Types of dentists include dental hygienists, orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialData source: 1998 National Health Interview Survey, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for 

and Prevention.

Percentage of dentate adults aged 50 and older with andwithout diabetes who visited a dentist* within the past yeaby federal poverty level (FPL) and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Note: Age standardized to the year 2000 U.S. population.Data source: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994, N

Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Prevalence of osteoporosis per 100 persons aged 45 and by race/ethnicity and education
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve

Insurance coverage among adults aged 18 and older by ag
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve

Insurance coverage among adults aged 18 and olderby selected demographic characteristics
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Data source: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease Control and Preve

Insurance coverage among adults aged 18 and olderby annual family income
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: (1) Dental services include services provided in establishments operated by a doctor of dental medicine (D.M

surgery (D.D.S.) or doctor of dental science (D.D.Sc.). These establishments are classified as NAICS 6213 Offic802-Offices and clinics of dentists; (2) private insurance includes other private revenues including philanthropy; calculations based on total population, including those with and without dental expense.

Data source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary: National Health Statistics Group an

2001, National Health Accounts.

Trends in annual per capita costs for dental servicesby year and source of payment, 1960-1999
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Note: Mean annual dental expense was calculated only among those with dental expenses. For further definitions, se

footnotes.

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: a comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of payment, 1977 and 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. National Medical Expenditure Su26; Manski RJ, Moeller JC, Maas WR. Dental Services: use, expenditures and sources of payment, 1987. J Am D130(4):500-8. Copyright © 1999 American Dental Association. Adapted 2002 with permission of ADA PublishinBusiness Enterprises, Inc.; and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 1996, Agency for HealQuality.

Mean annual dental care expense by age group andsource of payment, 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Note: (1) Mean annual dental expenditure was calculated only among those with dental expenses. (2) The 1977 NM

NMES reported race/ethnicity as white (including all other race/ethnicity groups not shown), black, and Hispanicreported race/ethnicity as Hispanic, black-not Hispanic, and other (including non-Hispanic whites). (3) For furthe

16.2.2-16.2.4 footnotes.

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: a comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of payment, 1977 and 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. National Medical Expenditure S26; Manski RJ, Moeller JC, Maas WR. Dental Services: use, expenditures and sources of payment, 1987. J Am 130(4):500-8. Copyright © 1999 American Dental Association. Adapted 2002 with permission of ADA PublishiBusiness Enterprises, Inc.; and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 1996, Agency for HeaQuality.

Mean annual dental care expense by race/ethnicity andsource of payment, 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: (1) Mean annual dental expense was calculated only among those with dental expenses. (2) Poverty level for 1977 and 

below the federal poverty line; near poor: between the federal poverty line and 125% of the federal poverty line; low incomethe federal poverty line; middle income: over 200% to 400% of the federal poverty line; and high income: over 400% of the Poverty levels for 1996óPoor: incomes below the federal poverty line; near-poor: between the federal poverty line and 124line; low income: 125% to 199% of the federal poverty line; middle income: 200% to 399% of the federal poverty line; and the federal poverty line and above. (3) For further definitions, see Table 16.2.2-16.2.4 footnotes.

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: a comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of payment, 1977 and 1987. Rock

Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. National Medical Expenditure Survey Research Findings Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component, 1996, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Mean annual dental care expense by source of payment afederal poverty level (FPL), 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: (1) Dental services include services provided in establishments operated by a doctor of dental med

doctor of dental surgery (D.D.S.) or doctor of dental science (D.D.Sc.). These establishments are class6213 Office of Dentists or SIC 802-Office and clinics of dentists. (2) Private insurance includes other including philanthropy.

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary: National Health Statistics Gro

Accounts.

Trends in annual payment for dental services by year andsource of payment, 1960-1999
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: Expenses from any type of dental care provider are included. Private insurance includes CHAMP

(Armed Forces related coverage) in 1996.

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of paymen

Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. NatExpenditure Survey Research Findings 26; and Cohen JW, Machlin SR, Zuvekas SH, et al. Health cUnited States, 1996. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2000; MEPS ReAHRQ Pub. No. 01-0009.

Trends in annual payment for dental services by age andsource of payment, 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: (1) Expenses from any type of dental care provider are included. (2) Private insurance includes CHAMPUS an

Forces related coverage) in 1996. (3) 1977 NMCES and 1987 NMES reported race/ethnicity as whites (includigroups not shown separately), black, and Hispanic. 1996 MEPS reported race/ethnicity as Hispanic, black-not H(including non-Hispanic whites).

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: a comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of payment, 1977 and 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. National Medical Expenditure S26; and Cohen JW, Machlin SR, Zuvekas SH, et al. Health care expenses in the United States, 1996. Rockville, Healthcare Research and Quality, 2000; MEPS Research Findings 12. AHRQ Pub. No. 01-0009.

Trends in annual payment for dental services by race/ethnsource of payment, 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Notes: (1) Expenses from any type of dental care provider are included. Private insurance includes CHAMPUS and CHAMPVA (Arm

related coverage) in 1996. (2) For 1977 and 1987, poor refers to incomes below the federal poverty line; near poor, between 125% of the federal poverty line; low income, over 125% to 200% of the federal poverty line; middle income, over 200% to 4line; and high income, over 400% of the federal poverty line. For 1996, poor refers to incomes at or below the federal poverty federal poverty line through 125% of the federal poverty line; low income, over 125% through 200% of the federal poverty lin200% to 400% of the federal poverty line; and high income, over 400% of the federal poverty line.

Sources: Moeller J, Levy H. Dental services: a comparison of use, expenditures, and sources of payment, 1977 and 1987. Rockv

Healthcare Research and Quality, 1996; AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0005. National Medical Expenditure Survey Research Findings 2SR, Zuvekas SH, et al. Health care expenses in the United States, 1996. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Research Findings 12. AHRQ Pub. No. 01-0009.

Trends in annual payment for dental services by federal polevel (FPL) and source of payment, 1977, 1987, and 1996
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Source: Dill M, Salsberg 

State Health Workforce Maryland: Bureau of HeNational Center for HealInformation & Analysis, HServices Administration, 

Number of dentists and physicians per 100,000 populationin 1998 by state
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Number of dentists and physicians per 100,000 populationin 1998 by state (continued)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Number of dentists and physicians per 100,000 populationin 1998 by state (continued)
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Sources: Dill M, Salsb

HRSA State Health Wo2000. Rockville, MD: Professions, National CWorkforce Information Resources and ServiceDHHS, 2000, and AmAssociation (ADA), SuDistribution of Dentists by Region and State, 1Materials used with peAmerican Dental Asso

Estimates of numbers of dentists by state
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: Gift HC, Reisine ST, Larach DC. The social impact of dental problems and visits. Am J Pu

1992;82(12):1663-8. Copyright ©1992, by the American Public Health Association.

Mean work hours lost due to dental visits or oral health prper 100 employed persons
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: Gift HC, Reisine ST, Larach DC. The social impact of dental problems and visits. Am J Pu

1992;82(12):1663-8. Copyright ©1992, by the American Public Health Association.

Mean number of work hours missed by those with missed due to a dental visit or oral health problem
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: Gift HC, Reisine ST, Larach DC. The social impact of dental problems and visits. Am J Pu

1992;82(12):1663-8. Copyright ©1992, by the American Public Health Association.

Mean school hours lost due to a dental visit or oral health per 100 school-aged children
Oral Health U.S., 2002. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of He

Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Data source: Gift HC, Reisine ST, Larach DC. The social impact of dental problems and visits. Am J Pu

1992;82(12):1663-8. Copyright ©1992, by the American Public Health Association.

Mean school hours lost due to dental visit or oral healthproblem per 100 school-aged children among those withmissed hours