**
Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm AnimalsProvided by the Animal Welfare  Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National  Agricultural LibraryJanuary 1987 - January 1994
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 Updated by  QB 95-13 Quick Bibliography SeriesBibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject.  However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic.  They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means.  The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base.  Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. 
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  Quick Bibliography Series:  QB 94-21 
 336 citations in English from AGRICOLA 
 Tim Allen Animal Welfare Information Center 

 April 1994National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:  
 Allen, Tim   Anesthesia and analgesia for farm animals.   (Quick bibliography series ; 94-21)   1. Animal anesthesia--Bibliography. 2. Domestic animals--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.94-21 
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 Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.  
SAMPLE CITATIONS  Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below.  JOURNAL ARTICLE:    Citation #                                     NAL Call No.   Article title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.   Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).  Example:   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6   Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service   Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41   (8). p.48-50. ill.  BOOK:    Citation #                                   NAL Call Number   Title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information   on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.  Example:   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987   Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.   Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:   p. 126.  AUDIOVISUAL:    Citation #                                  NAL Call Number   Title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.   Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format   (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size).  Example:   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N; AV   All aboard the nutri-train.   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,   1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia   Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +   activity packet.Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm Animals                            January 1987 - January 1994                                SEARCH STRATEGY  Set     Items   Description  1       4263    anesthe? or anasthe? or anaesthe? or analges? or pain? or                 distress? or tranquil? or anxiolytic  2       197462  cow or cows or cattle or sheep or pigs or swine or boar? or                 pig? or barrow? or horse? or mare? or stallion? or livestock?                 or bull? or lamb? or ram? or ewe?  3       55438   pony or ponies or foal or colt? or chicken? or chick or chicks                 or poult? or hen? or rooster? or turkey? or duck? or geese or                 goose or llama? or emu? or ostrich?  4       34124   rhea? or goat? or equine? or bovine? or ovine? or buffalo?  5       262907  S2 or S3 or S4  6       1036    S1 and S5/title  7       446     S6 and LA=English and PY=1987:1994    **Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm Animals**   1                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47  Acetaminophen toxicosis: a potential model for acute liver failure in swine. Artwohl, J.E.; Henne-Bruns, D.; Carter, E.; Cera, L.M. Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology; 1988 Aug. Veterinary and human toxicology v. 30 (4): p. 324-328. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Analgesics; Poisoning; Liver function; Biopsy   2                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic back pain in 200 horses. Martin, B.B. Jr; Klide, A.M. Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1992. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (37): p. 593-601; 1992.  Meeting held December 1-4, 1991, San Francisco, California.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Acupuncture; Pain   3                           NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Acute pain from castration and tail docking of lambs. Molony, V.; Wood, G.N. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 385-395, 400-401; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Pain; Tail; Cutting; Castration; Anesthesia; Local anesthesia; Xylazine; Morphine; Etorphine; Naloxone; Drug effects   4                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224  Alleviation of postanesthetic hypoxemia in the horse. McMurphy, R.M.; Cribb, P.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jan. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (1): p. 37-41; 1989 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Hypoxia; Therapy; Oxygen; Partial pressure   5                                 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222  Alterations in pituitary gland sensitivity in ram lambs to physiological doses of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), after divergent selection based on the luteinizing hormone response to a pharmacological GnRH challenge. Evans, N.P.; McNeilly, J.R.; Springbett, A.J.; Webb, R. Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Nov. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 93 (2): p. 559-567; 1991 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rams; Lambs; Lines; Gnrh; Lh; Hormone secretion; Anesthesia; Injectable anesthetics; Dosage effects; Line differences; Hypothalamus; Pituitary   6                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Analgesic activity and respiratory effects of butorphanol in sheep. Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Amin, A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 19-23; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Dosage; Pain; Respiratory gases; Mechanical stimulation; Heat tolerance  Abstract:  The analgesic drug butorphanol tartrate has proved useful clinically in horses and dogs but its analgesic profile had not yet been investigated in sheep. This study was initiated to determine the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive activity of butorphanol (at the dose rates 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg-1) in sheep. The drug produced significant analgesia in the thermal lest system, the duration of which was dose related but no significant elevation in mechanical pressure thresholds could be detected. In a further set of experiments the dose rate was increased to 0.4 mg kg-1 and mechanical testing was repeated. There was still no clinically significant elevation in pressure thresholds. At a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 the drug had no detectable effect on respiratory blood gas tensions. Behavioural changes were severe if a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 was exceeded.   7                                   NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  The analgesic effect of ketoprofen for use in treating equine colic as compared to flunixin meglumine. Betley, M.; Sutherland, S.F.; Gregoricka, M.J.; Pollet, R.A. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1991 Jun. Equine practice v. 13 (6): p. 11-16; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Medical treatment; Analgesics; Flunixin; Pain; Drug effects; Antiinflammatory agents   8                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Analgesic effects of detomidine in thoroughbred horses with chronic tendon injury. Chambers, J.P.; Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Goodship, A.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1993 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 54 (1): p. 53-56; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Detomidine; Tendons; Legs; Trauma; Pain  Abstract:  This study was undertaken to assess the analgesia provided by detomidine (20 micrograms kg-1 intravenously) in thoroughbred horses. Pain thresholds to a mechanical noxious stimulus were measured before and after a period of mild chronic pain in one foreleg. Detomidine was a good analgesic in control animals, their pain thresholds were significantly elevated for about 60 minutes. After injury, the injured leg had a significantly lower pain threshold and the intensity and duration of analgesia provided by detomidine were significantly reduced. The analgesia in the opposite (sound) leg was also reduced, indicating that there were both central and peripheral aspects to this increased sensitivity to painful stimuli. Detomidine deserves to be considered as a potent analgesic in the horse rather than a sedative with analgesic side effects.   9                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72  Analgesic therapy of beak-trimmed chickens. Glatz, P.C.; Murphy, L.B.; Preston, A.P. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan. Australian veterinary journal v. 69 (1): p. 18; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Debeaking; Analgesics; Animal welfare; Feed intake   10                             NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990  Anesthesia & analgesia in swine. Swindle, M.M. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 79-87; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Analgesics   11                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass technique in calves and sheep. Holmberg, D.L.; Olsen, D.B. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1987 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 16 (6): p. 463-465; 1987 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Sheep; Anesthesia; Heart; Lungs; Surgical operations   12                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Anesthesia for the equine orthopedic patient. Muir, W.W. III Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1992. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (37): p. 721-733; 1992.  Meeting held December 1-4, 1991, San Francisco, California.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Hemodynamics; Postoperative complications   13                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Anesthesia in the llama. Riebold, T.W.; Kaneps, A.J.; Schmotzer, W.B. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Sep. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (5): p. 400-404; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Anesthetics   14                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535  Anesthesia techniques in sheep and goats. Ewing, K.K. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1990 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice v. 6 (3): p. 759-778; 1990 Nov.  In the series analytic: Advances in sheep and goat medicine / edited by M. C. Smith.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Analgesics   15                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  The anesthetic and analgesic effects of Telazol and xylazine in pigs: evaluating clinical trials. Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Olson, W.A.; Tracy, C.H. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1988 Aug. Veterinary medicine v. 83 (8): p. 841-845; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Drug combinations   16                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Anesthetic complications in the horse. Klein, L. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 665-692; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Equipment; Failure; Anesthetics; Ventilation; Complications; Cardiovascular system; Hypotension; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Hyperthermia; Cardiac rhythm; Muscular diseases   17                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Anesthetic considerations for dystocia and caesarean section in mares. Hodgson, D.S. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 543-547; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mares; Foaling; Anesthesia; Dystocia; Caesarean section; Techniques; Anesthetics   18                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Anesthetic considerations for emergency equine abdominal surgery. Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1988 Apr. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 4 (1): p. 63-78. ill; 1988 Apr.  In the series analytic: Management of colic / edited by S.M. Stover.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Abdomen; Anesthesia; Emergencies; Monitoring; Surgery   19                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Anesthetic considerations in equine orthopedics. Short, C.E.; Stauffer, J.L. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1988 Apr. Equine practice v. 10 (4): p. 43-49; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Orthopedics; Surgery   20                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Anesthetic management of an incisional dehiscence in recovery following exploratory laparotomy in a horse. Curtis, M.B.; Eicker, S.W.; Archer, R.M.; Lindsay, W.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 692-695; 1992 Mar01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Laparotomy; Postoperative complications; Case reports   21                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Anesthetic management of ostriches. Cornick, J.L.; Jensen, J. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 20 (11): p. 1661-1666; 1992 Jun01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ostriches; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Blood; Gases; Complications   22                                NAL Call. No.: 442.8 B5236  The anesthetic nitrous oxide affects dioxygen utilization by bovine heart and bean seed mitochondrial particles. Sowa, S.; Dong, A.; Roos, E.E.; Caughey, W.S. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1987 Apr29. Biochemical and biophysical research communications v. 144 (2): p. 643-648; 1987 Apr29.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Anesthetics; Nitrous oxide; Cattle; Heart; Beans; Seeds; Mitochondria; Cytochrome c; Substrates; Cytochrome c oxidase; Seed dormancy; Seed germination   23                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Anesthetics and surgical techniques useful in the potbellied pig. Braun, W. Jr Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1993 May05. Veterinary medicine v. 88 (5): p. 441-447; 1993 May05.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Surgical operations   24                                   NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6  Animal suffering: the appraisal and control of depression and distress in livestock. Fraser, A.F. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 20 (1/2): p. 127-133; 1988 Jul.  Paper presented at the "Symposium on Animal Bio-ethics and Applied Ethology," August 1987, Montreal, Canada.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Pain; Stress; Abnormal behavior; Depression; Bioethics   25                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal opioids and alpha 2-agonists in sheep. Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Bouchenafa, O.; Kyles, A. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 281-291, 312; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Agonists; Opioids; Drug effects; Analgesics; Testing; Anesthesia; Dosage; Xylazine; Catheterization   26                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Arterial blood gas tensions in the horse during recovery from anesthesia. Mason, D.E.; Muir, W.W.; Wade, A. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (8): p. 989-994; 1987 Apr15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Internal pressure; Respiratory gases; Ph; Halothane; Position   27                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Arterial blood Po2 and Pco2 in horses during early halothane-oxygen anaesthesia. Grandy, J.L.; Steffey, E.P.; Miller, M. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1987 Jul. Equine veterinary journal v. 19 (4): p. 314-318; 1987 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Arteries; Blood pressure   28                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. Grandy, J.L.; Steffey, E.P.; Hodgson, D.S.; Woliner, M.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (2): p. 192-197; 1987 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Hypotension; Muscular diseases; Halothane; Adverse effects; Anesthesia   29                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide tension difference and alveolar dead space in halothane anaesthetised horses. Moens, Y. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Jul. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (4): p. 282-284; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Arteries; Carbon dioxide; Tension   30                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  An assessment of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs. Gregory, N.G.; Moss, B.W.; Leeson, R.H. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Nov28. The Veterinary record v. 121 (22): p. 517-518; 1987 Nov28.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Abattoirs; Carbon dioxide; Stunning; Vocalization; Anesthesia; Reflexes; Carcass quality; Animal welfare; Stress   31                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Assessment of pain associated with degenerative hip disorders in adult male turkeys. Duncan, I.J.H.; Beatty, E.R.; Hocking, P.M.; Duff, S.R.I. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Mar. Research in veterinary science v. 50 (2): p. 200-203; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Hips; Degeneration; Joint diseases; Pain; Betamethasone; Physical activity   32                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Atelectasis causes gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse. Nyman, G.; Funkquist, B.; Kvart, C.; Frostell, C.; Tokics, L.; Strandberg, A.; Lundquist, H.; Lundh, B.; Brismar, B.; Hedenstierna, G. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (5): p. 317-324; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Computed tomography; Atelectasis; Respiratory disorders; Gas exchange; Lungs   33                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Atracurium as an adjunct to halothane-oxygen anesthesia in a llama undergoing intraocular surgery: a case report. Donaldson, L.L.; Holland, M.; Koch, S.A. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 21 (1): p. 76-79; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Eyes; Halothane; Oxygen; Case reports   34                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Auditory brain stem response testing in anesthetized horses. Rolf, S.L.; Reed, S.M.; Melnick, W.; Andrews, F.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (6): p. 910-914. ill; 1987 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Brain stem; Anesthesia; Responses; Testing; Electrical activity   35                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4  Auriculo palpebral and palpebral nerve blocks in the horse. Bedford, P. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Mar. In practice v. 9 (2): p. 63. ill; 1987 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Eyes (animal); Peripheral nerves; Blockage; Analgesics; Ophthalmoscopy   36                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  The balloon model for controlled abdominal pain in the horse. Lowe, J.E. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 408-410, 432; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Surgical operations; Pain; Abdomen; Models; Balloons; Apparatus; Surgical equipment   37                                   NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6  Behavioural evidence for persistant pain following partial beak amputation in chickens. Gentle, M.J.; Waddington, D.; Hunter, L.N.; Jones, R.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 149-157; 1990 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Debeaking; Pain; Behavior change; Drinking water; Temperature   38                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Bilateral arytenoid cartilage paralysis after inhalation anesthesia in a horse. Abrahamsen, E.J.; Bohanon, T.C.; Bednarski, R.M.; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Nov15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (10): p. 1363-1365; 1990 Nov15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Paralysis; Larynx; Case studies; Peripheral nerves   39                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  Biopsy of the bovine mammary gland. Knight, C.H.; Hillerton, J.E.; Teverson, R.M.; Winter, A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1992 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 148 (2): p. 129-132; 1992 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cows; Mammary glands; Biopsy; Milk yield  Abstract:  A technique is described for biopsy of the bovine udder, employing sedation and local anaesthesia. Tissue samples of approximately 5 g were obtained by electrocautery from two quarters of the udder of a cow laterally recumbent. Care was taken to ensure complete haemostasis which was achieved by electrocoagulation and ligation. Postoperative recovery was rapid, and loss of yield was no greater in biopsied glands than in control glands of the same cow. Yield from all quarters returned to preoperative levels within 48 h.   40                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Blood pressure response to tourniquet use in anesthetized horses. Copland, V.S.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T. III; Wong, P.; Brock, N. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Oct15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 195 (8): p. 1097-1103; 1989 Oct15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgery; Veterinary equipment; Blood pressure   41                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Bronchoalveolar lavage of the live anaesthetised sheep. Burrells, C.; Williams, J.T. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 42 (1): p. 109-112. ill; 1987 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Bronchi; Washing; Laboratory techniques; Anesthesia; Catheters; Endoscopy; Body fluids; Leukocytes   42                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Butorphanol or xylazine premedication with halothane anesthesia in the horse. Matthews, N.S.; Smith, J.R.; Gallagher, L.V. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1987 Mar. Equine practice v. 9 (3): p. 7-11; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Xylazine; Blood pressure; Blood ph; Gases   43                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72  Caecal overload and rupture in the horse. Hilbert, B.J.; Little, C.B.; Bolton, J.R.; McGill, C.A. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1987 Mar. Australian veterinary journal v. 64 (3): p. 85-86; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cecum; Rupture; Anesthesia; Intestine motility   44                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Capnographic monitoring during anesthesia with controlled ventilation in the horse. Cribb, P.H. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 17 (1): p. 48-52; 1988 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Monitoring; Ventilation   45                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Cardiopulmonary effects of a tiletamine-zolazepam combination in sheep. Lagutchik, M.S.; Januszkiewicz, A.J.; Dodd, K.T.; Martin, D.G. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (9): p. 1441-1447; 1991 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia; Heart; Lungs; Physiological functions  Abstract:  To assess the effects on heart and lung function, a tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) anesthetic combination was evaluated in 10 Dorset-type ewes. Ewes were randomly allotted to 2 equal groups. Ewes of groups 1 and 2 were given a single bolus of TZ (12 and 24 mg/kg of body weight, IV, respectively) at time zero. Hemodynamic, pulmonary, and ventilation variables were measured at 15-minute intervals to 120 minutes. Blood gas variables were evaluated at 5-minute intervals for the first 30 minutes, then at 15-minute intervals to 120 minutes. In all sheep, TZ administration induced rapid, smooth induction, with gradual and unremarkable recovery. Anesthesia duration was not significantly different between groups (mean +/- SD, 39 +/- 5 and 40 +/- 14 minutes for groups 1 and 2, respectively). Immediate drug effects included apnea, decreased mean arterial blood pressure, and arterial hypoxemia. Cardiac output was significantly decreased in both groups at all times after drug administration. Significant changes in group-1 ewes included increased pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances and decreased inspired minute ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory airflow. Significant changes in group-2 ewes included increased systemic vascular resistance and decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, inspired minute ventilation, and respiratory airflow. Both drug dosages induced apneustic breathing patterns and caused significant changes in arterial and venous blood hemoglobin concentrations and PCV. Tiletamine-zolazepam is useful for intermediate-duration anesthesia in sheep. However, because of alterations in cardiopulmonary function, its use at the dosages evaluated by us is not recommended in studies, in which minimal effects on heart and lung function are required, or in sheep with compromised heart or lung function.   46                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Cardiopulmonary effects of ephedrine in halothane-anesthetized horses. Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Chapman, P.L.; Heath, R.B. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Dec. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (4): p. 389-396; 1989 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Ephedrine; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiac output; Blood pressure   47                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Cardiopulmonary effects of epidurally administered xylazine in the horse. Leblanc, P.H.; Eberhart, S.W. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Nov. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (6): p. 389-391; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cardiovascular system; Xylazine; Analgesics; Conduction anesthesia; Blood pressure   48                                  NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  Cardiopulmonary effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate in sheep. O'Hair, K.O.; Dodd, K.T.; Phillips, Y.Y.; Beattie, R.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (1): p. 58-61; 1988 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Drug effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiration  Abstract:  The cardiopulmonary, sedative and analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and nalbuphine hydrochloride were evaluated in six adult crossbred Dorset sheep (Ovis aries). The animals were divided randomly into two groups of three. The first group received butorphanol tartrate (o.5mg/Kg s.c.) followed in three days by nalbuphine hydrochloride (Img/Kg, s.c.). The second group received nalbuphine followed in three days by butorphanol. Cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated at baseline (once the animal had accomodated to restraint); immediately following analgesic administration; and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after analgesic administration. No significant changes (alpha greater than .05) from baseline were seen inany of the measured cardiopulmonary parameters from either the butorphanol or nalbuphine groups. Butorphanol produced the most dramatic analgesic and sedative effects with onset of both within 15 minutes of administration and peak effects occurring 30 minutes post injection. The degree of analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes while the sedative effect returned to near baseline by 90 minutes. The nalbuphine group also showed an onset of analgesia 15 minutes post injection reaching a peak effect after 30 minutes. However, onset of sedation occurred 30 minutes post injection achieving a peak effect at 60 minutes which was markedly less than that of butorphanol. As in the butorphanol group, analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes.   49                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine sedation in the foal. Carter, S.W.; Robertson, S.A.; Steel, C.J.; Jourdenais, D.A. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Nov. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (6): p. 384-388; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Foals; Cardiovascular system; Xylazine; Analgesics   50                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Cardiopulmonary function during 5 hours of constant-dose isoflurane in laterally recumbent, spontaneously breathing horses. Steffey, E.P.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Miller, M.F.; Woliner, M.J.; Heath, R.B.; Grandy, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Dec. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (4): p. 290-297; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Respiration; Heart output; Drug effects   51                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Cardiorespiratory and MAC-reducing effects of alpha-2-adrenoreceptoragonists in horses. Muir, W.W.; Wagner, A.E.; Hinchcliff, K.W. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 102-212; 1992. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Agonists; Analgesics; Drug effects; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Xylazine; Alpha-adrenergic receptors   52                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Cardiovascular and allied acations of xylazine and atropine in the unanaesthetized goat. Kokkonen, U.M.; Eriksson, L. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Mar. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (1): p. 11-16; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Xylazine; Atropine; Anesthetics; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular system   53                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inspired oxygen fraction in halothane-anesthetized horses. Cuvelliez, S.G.; Eicker, S.W.; McLauchlan, C.; Brunson, D.B. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1226-1231; 1990 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system  Abstract:  Anesthesia of equids is associated with pulmonary dysfunction. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inhalation anesthetic agents and duration of anesthesia have been studied, using oxygen as the carrier gas. To our knowledge, the effects of inspired oxygen have not been determined. We studied the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of 2 inspired oxygen fractions (0.30 and > 0.85) in 5 laterally recumbent, halothane-anesthetized horses. Mean systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial pH, and arterial base excess were similar in horses of the 2 groups during 4 hours of anesthesia at constant end-tidal halothane concentration. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2, arterial partial pressure of CO2 and O2, and alveolar-to-arterial O2 tension difference were greater in horses exposed to the higher oxygen concentration. On the basis of the data obtained, we suggest that greater hypoventilation and ventilation/perfusion mismatch occur when horses are breathing high-oxygen fraction. Arterial partial pressure of O2 was not different between the 2 groups of horses after they were disconnected from the anesthesia circuit and allowed to breathe room air. Horses recovered from anesthesia without complications.   54                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Cardiovascular and respiratory measurementss in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Steffey, E.P.; Dunlop, C.I.; Farver, T.B.; Woliner, M.J.; Schultz, L.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (1): p. 7-12; 1987 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Blood pressure; Heart output; Heart rate; Respiration rate   55                                  NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  Cardiovascular effects of a ketamine-medetomidine combination that produces deep sedation in Yucatan mini swine. Vainio, O.M.; Bloor, B.C.; Kim, C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (6): p. 582-588; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular system  Abstract:  Seven chronically instrumented Yucatan minipigs were deeply sedated with the combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), a dissociative anesthetic, and medetomidine (0.2 mg/kg), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist used as an animal sedative in Europe. Both drugs were drawn in the same syringe and administered in the left atrium via a previously inserted permanent catheter. As a result, hypertension (mean arterial pressure from 116 +/- 12 mmHg to 142 +/- 18 mmHg) occurred and was followed by bradycardia (from 107 +/- 22 bpm to 71 +/- 9 bpm). Concomitantly both the rate of increase in ventricular pressure (48%) and ventricular wan thickening fraction (37%) decreased, thus indicating some worsening of left ventricular function. Further, systemic vascular resistance increased (290%) resulting in a reduction in cardiac output from 1.8 +/- 0.7 l/minute to 0.4 +/- 0.3 l/minute. Also, left ventricular end diastolic pressure initially increased (maximum 10.2 +/- 10.8 mmHg) but returned to the control level in 5 minutes. In spite of an increase in respiratory frequency (3x), PaCO2 increased and PaO2 and pH declined. Rectal temperature decreased from 38.4 +/- 0.9 to 36.0 +/- 0.8 degrees C. All of these changes were transient and returned to control levels during the follow-up period (2 hours). However, epinephrine concentration was exceptionally decreased by the drugs and stayed under the detection limit (20 pg/kg) for the entire time, whereas norepinephrine was undetectable for 10 minutes postadministration. Ketamine-medetomidine, administered in a dose that produced deep sedation, induced marked but reversible changes in most of the cardiovascular variables; there were no pedal or palpebral reflexes for 30 minutes.   56                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Cardiovascular effects of intravenous sodium penicillin, sodium cefazolin, and sodium citrate in awake and anesthetized horses. Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W.; Robertson, J.T.; Sams, R.A. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1987 May. Veterinary surgery v. 16 (3): p. 245-250; 1987 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Injections; Sodium citrate; Penicillins; Cefazolin; Drug effects   57                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Cardiovascular effects recorded in horses during anaesthesia after treatment with trichlorfon. Adams, J.G.; Trim, C.M. London : British Veterinary Association; 1989 Sep. Research in veterinary science v. 47 (2): p. 164-169; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Trichlorfon; Anthelmintics; Blood pressure   58                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  The cardiovascular response of sheep to tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol tartrate anesthesia. Howard, B.W.; Lagutchik, M.S.; Januszkiewicz, A.J.; Martin, D.G. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (6): p. 461-467; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Diazepam; Anesthetics; Ketamine   59                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4  Caudal epidural anaesthesia in the ewe. Harris, T. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Nov. In practice v. 13 (6): p. 234-235; 1991 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Anesthesia   60                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24  Caudal epidural analgesia in cattle using xylazine. Caron, J.P.; LeBlanc, P.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Oct. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 53 (4): p. 486-489; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows; Xylazine; Conduction anesthesia; Dosage; Duration; Perineum   61                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Caudal epidural analgesia induced by xylazine administration in cows. St Jean, G.; Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W.; Hoffsis, G.F. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1232-1236; 1990 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows; Xylazine; Ataxia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Rumen motility; Drug effects; Adverse effects  Abstract:  Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight diluted to a 5-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) or 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl was administered epidurally into the first caudal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) in 8 cows (mean +/- SD body weight, 583 +/- 150 kg). Cows were observed for responses to deep needle pricking of the caudal dermatomes (S3 to Co), sedation, and ataxia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, rate of ruminal contractions, coccygeal arterial blood pressure, pHa, blood gas tension (Pa(O2), Pa(CO2)), base excess, total solids concentration, and PCV were determined before and after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered xylazine induced sedation and selective (S3 to Co) analgesia for at least 2 hours. Mild ataxia of hind limbs was observed in 6 cows, but all cows remained standing. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rate of ruminal contractions, arterial blood pressure, Pa(O2), PCV, and total solids concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, and Pa(CO2), base excess, and bicarbonate concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) increased after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered 0.9% NaCl did not alter sensory perception to needle pricking and did not affect any of the physiologic variables determined. Although epidural administration of xylazine induced analgesia and sedation in healthy cows, it should be avoided for epidural analgesia in cattle with heart disease, lung disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease because of its potent cardiopulmonary and ruminal depressant effects.   62                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Challenge in equine anesthesia: a suspected allergic reaction during acetylpromazine, guaifenesin, thiamylal, and halothane anesthesia. Goldberg, G.P.; Short, C.E. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1988 Feb. Equine practice v. 10 (2): p. 5-10. ill; 1988 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Allergies; Diagnostic techniques; Halothane; Guaifenesin; Anesthetics; Adverse effects   63                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81  Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of two local anesthetic agents. White, K.K.; Hodgson, D.R.; Hancock, D.; Parry, B.W.; Cordell, C. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1989 Jan. Cornell veterinarian v. 79 (1): p. 25-38; 1989 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Lidocaine; Anesthetics; Injections; Carpus; Joints (animal); Synovial fluid   64                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Changes in nociceptive thresholds associated with chronic pain in sheep. Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Ley, S.J.; Brandt, S. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 378-385, 400; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Pain; Central nervous system; Testing; Animal experiments; Laboratory tests   65                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.J6  Changes of blood values in Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski przewalski) and zebras (Equus zebra hartmannae) during chemical immobilization. Kuttner, C.; Wiesner, H. Lawrence, Kan. : The Journal; 1987. The Journal of zoo animal medicine v. 18 (4): p. 144-147; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Przewalski's horse; Zebras; Blood chemistry; Anesthesia; Immobilization; Neuroleptics   66                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Chemical immobilisation in ostriches (Struthio camelus) using etorphine hydrochloride. Samour, J.H.; Irwin-Davies, J.; Faraj, E. London : The Association; 1990 Dec08. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (23): p. 575-576. ill; 1990 Dec08.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ostriches; Immobilization; Etorphine; Anesthesia   67                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Chemical restraint and analgesia in the horse. Geiser, D.R. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 495-512; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Draft animals; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Neuroleptics; Restraint of animals; Chloral hydrate; Opioids; Analgesics; Promazine; Xylazine; Diazepam; Morphine; Pethidine   68                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Chemical restraint and general anesthesia in the draft horse. Geiser, D.R. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (35th): p. 461-472; 1989.  Meeting held December 3-6 1989, Boston, Massachusetts.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Draft animals; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Restraint of animals   69                                  NAL Call. No.: QL750.E74  Chicks in a novel environment: effects of conspecific calls. Vallortigara, G. Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1988 Aug. Ethology v. 78 (4): p. 341-345; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Environment; Vocalization; Stress; Animal behavior   70                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Clinical assessment of analgesic effects of butorphanol in cattle. Dodman, N.H.; Levine, H.; Court, M.H. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 396-399, 401; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Analgesics; Drug effects   71                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Clinical evaluation of an infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine for maintenance of anaesthesia in horses. Young, L.E.; Bartram, D.H.; Diamond, M.J.; Gregg, A.S.; Jones, R.S. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Mar. Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (2): p. 115-119; 1993 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Horses; Xylazine; Anesthesia; Guaifenesin; Ketamine; Surgery   72                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Clinical evaluation of detomidine hydrochloride for equine reproductive surgery. McKinnon, A.O.; Carnevale, E.M.; Squires, E.L.; Jochle, W. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 563-568; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Surgical operations; Analgesics; Reproductive organs (animal)   73                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in horses. Diamond, M.J.; Young, L.E.; Bartram, D.H.; Gregg, A.S.; Clutton, R.E.; Long, K.J.; Jones, R.S. London : The Association; 1993 Jun05. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132 (23): p. 572-575; 1993 Jun05.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Preanesthetic medication   74                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Clinical experience with isoflurane anesthesia in foals and adult horses. Rose, J.A.; Rose, E.M.; Peterson, P.R. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 555-561; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Foals; Anesthesia; Halothane; Anesthetics   75                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Clinical investigations of halothane and isoflurane for induction and maintenance of foal anesthesia. Steffey, E.P.; Willits, N.; Wong, P.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Wheat, J.D.; Meagher, D.M.; Hodgson, D.; Pascoe, J.R.; Heath, R.B.; Dunlop, C. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Sep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (3): p. 300-309; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Halothane; Inhaled anesthetics; Anesthesia; Safety; Heart rate; Drug effects   76                                  NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52  Clinical observations in Shami goat kids sedated with medetomidine. Mohammad, F.K.; Zangana, I.K.; Al-Kassim, N.A. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Jul. Small ruminant research v. 5 (1/2): p. 149-153; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kids; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Physiological functions; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Rumen motility   77                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Clinical use of epidural xylazine in the horse. LeBlanc, P.H.; Caron, J.P. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 May. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (3): p. 180-181; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Conduction anesthesia; Xylazine   78                                  NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Clinical use of positive-pressure ventilation in the horse. Shawley, R.V.; Mandsager, R.E. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 575-585; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Ventilation; Equipment; Ventilators   79                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Clinical use of the neuromuscular blocking agents atracurium and pancuronium for equine anesthesia. Hildebrand, S.V.; Holland, M.; Copland, V.S.; Daunt, D.; Brock, N. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Jul15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 195 (2): p. 212-219; 1989 Jul15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants; Drug effects; Surgical operations   80                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Closed-circuit liquid injection isoflurane anesthesia in the horse. Olson, K.N.; Klein, L.V.; Nann, L.E.; Soma, L.R. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (1): p. 73-78; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Horses; Anesthesia; Closed systems; Injection; Liquids; Surgery   81                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Colonic alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the pony. Roger, T.; Ruckebusch, Y. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Dec. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (4): p. 310-318. ill; 1987 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colon; Intestine motility; Prostaglandins; Xylazine; Analgesics   82                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  A combination of methotrimeprazine, midazolam and guaiphenesin, with and without ketamine, in an anaesthetic procedure for horses. Luna, S.P.L.; Massone, F.; Castro, G.B.; Fantoni, D.T.; Hussni, C.A.; Aguiar, A.J.A. London : The Association; 1992 Jul11. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131 (2): p. 33-35; 1992 Jul11.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Phenothiazines; Benzodiazepines; Guaifenesin; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Preanesthetic medication; Halothane; Drug effects; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiration   83                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Common complications associated with equine chemical restraint and anesthesia. Muir, W.W. III Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1990. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. p. 259-266; 1990.  Meeting held December 2-5, 1990, Lexington, KY.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Restraint of animals; Anesthesia; Postoperative complications   84                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4  Common conditions of domestic pigeons. Wallis, A.S. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 May. In practice v. 13 (3): p. 95-100; 1991 May.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Racing pigeons; Animal health; Laboratory diagnosis; Parasites; Treatment; Drugs; Anesthetics; Symptoms   85                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Comparative analgesia of xylazine, xylazine/morphine, xylazine/butorphanol, and xylazine/nalbuphine in the horse, using dental dolorimetry. Brunson, D.B.; Majors, L.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7): p. 1087-1091; 1987 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Pain; Measurement; Teeth; Drug combinations; Xylazine   86                                 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5  Comparative efficacy of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulation in Pashmina goats. Mahmood, S.; Koul, G.L.; Biswas, J.C. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun. Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1191-1196; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Goat breeds; Superovulation; Fsh; Pmsg; Embryos; Isolation; Survival; Corpus luteum; Age; Conception; Embryo transfer; Anesthesia; Triflupromazine; Barbiturates  Abstract:  Twenty-eight Pashmina goats were utilized to study the comparative effect of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulatory response. The effect of FSH-P marketed by two commercial firms was compared with respect to the number of corpora lutea and embryos recovered. The difference was found to be nonsignificant. Superovulatory responses with FSH-P (pooled) and PMSG were 16.55 +/- 6.13 and 11.70 +/- 8.07, respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.02). Recovery of embryos was significantly higher (P<0.001) with FSH-P (4.72 +/- 4.33) than with PMSG (2.50 +/- 5.02) treatment. The superovulatory response (number of corpora lutea) and the embryo recovery rate was better in higher age groups (4 to 6 yr) than younger goats (1.5 to 3 yr). The embryo survival rate was higher (54.54%) for recipients operated on under a basal anaesthetics (Triflupromazine hydrochloride USP) than for those operated on under barbiturate anaesthesia (13.64%). The overall conception rate was 34.09%.   87                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24  Comparative pharmacokinetics of Yohimbine in steers, horses and dogs. Jernigan, A.D.; Wilson, R.C.; Booth, N.H.; Hatch, R.C.; Akbari, A. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (2): p. 172-176; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Horses; Steers; Anesthetics; Indoles; Pharmacokinetics   88                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Comparative study of continuous lumbar segmental epidural and subarachnoid analgesia in Holstein cows. Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W.; Hubbell, J.A.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (1): p. 39-44. ill; 1989 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cows; Analgesics; Procaine; Administration; Injections; Catheters; Holstein-friesian; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system  Abstract:  Eight adult Holstein cows were used to compare the effects of lumbar segmental epidural analgesia (SEA) and lumbar segmental subarachnoid analgesia (SSA). A modified 17-gauge Huber point (Tuohy) needle was used to place a catheter with stylet into either the epidural space at the thoracolumbar (T13-L1) intervertebral space or the tubarachnoid space at the lumbosacral intervertebral junction. The catheters were advanced so that their tips lay at the anterior lumbar (L1-L2) epidural space or at the thoracolumbar (T-13-L1) subarachnoid space. The position of the catheter was confirmed radiographically. A 5% solution of procaine HCl was used at mean doses of 300 mg (6 ml) to induce SEA and 84.4 +/- 12.9 mg (1.7 +/-0.3 ml) to induce SSA. Onset of analgesia to superficial and deep muscular pinprick stimulation was significantly (P less than 0.05) faster in cows with SSA than in those with SEA (10.4 +/- 2.3 minutes vs 15.9 +/- 3.8 minutes). Maximal thoracolumbar analgesia extended from spinal cord segments T12 to L4 on one or both sides of the vertebral column during SEA and from T10 to L3 on one or both sides during SSA. Duration of analgesia lasted significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in cows with SEA than in those with SSA (76.2 +/- 16.2 minutes vs 53.7 +/- 14.3 minutes). The advantages and disadvantages of the SEA catheter technique are discussed.   89                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. Ilkiw, J.E.; Benthuysen, J.A.; McNeal, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 581-584; 1991 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Sheep; Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Species differences; Anesthesia  Abstract:  The central arterial pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a short-acting opioid agonist, were studied in rabbits, sheep, and dogs after short-duration infusion of the drug. Alfentanil was infused until a set end point (high-amplitude, slow-wave activity on the EEG) was reached. This required a larger alfentanil dose and a higher alfentanil arterial concentration in sheep, compared with rabbits and dogs. The plasma concentration-time data for each animal were fitted, using nonlinear regression, and in all animals, were best described by use of a triexponential function. In this study, differences in the disposition kinetics of alfentanil among the 3 species were found for only distribution clearance and initial distribution half-life. In dogs, compared with rabbits and sheep, the first distribution half-life was longer, probably because of pronounced drug-induced bradycardia (mean +/- SD, 48 +/-21 beats/min). Distribution clearance was faster in sheep, compared with dogs, also probably because of better blood flow in sheep. Elimination half-life was similar in all species (rabbits, 62.4 +/- 11.3 minutes; sheep, 65.1 +/- 27.1 minutes; dogs, 58.3 +/- 10.3 minutes). This rapid half-life resulted from a small steady-state volume of distribution (rabbits, 908.3 +/- 269.0 ml/kg; sheep, 720.0 +/- 306.7 ml/kg; dogs, 597.7 +/- 290.2 ml/kg) and rapid systemic clearance (rabbits, 19.4 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg; sheep, 13.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg; dogs, 18.7 +/- 7.5 ml/min/kg). On the basis of these pharmacokinetic variables, alfentanil should have short duration of action in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. This may be beneficial in veterinary practice where rapid recovery would be expected after bolus administration for short procedures or after infusion for longer procedures.   90                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Comparative study of ultrasonography and arteriography of the carotid artery of xylazine-sedated and halothane-anesthetized goats. Lee, S.W.; Hankes, G.H.; Purohit, R.C.; Bartels, J.E.; Cartee, R.E.; Pablo, L.; Conti, J.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 109-113. ill; 1990 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Ultrasound; Diagnostic techniques; Blood vessel disorders; Arteries; Neck; Diameter; Blood flow; Xylazine; Halothane  Abstract:  The carotid artery of clinically normal goats was examined, using duplex ultrasonography and arteriography. The diameter of the carotid artery was measured by use of two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively, before and after xylazine administration. The diameter of the artery was also measured by use of an arteriography technique in halothane-anesthetized goats. There was no significant difference between the mean diameter of the carotid artery measured by ultrasonography in conscious nonsedated goats and that determined by arteriography in goats under halothane anesthesia. On the other hand, ultrasonography of xylazine-sedated goats revealed an increase of carotid artery diameter of 20 to 30%. There was no change in the velocity of blood flow after xylazine administration.   91                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81  A comparison of end-tidal halothane concentrations measured at proximal and distal ends of the endotracheal tube in the horse. Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Cornick, J.L.; Jacobson, J.D.; Williams, J.D. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1992 Jan. Cornell veterinarian v. 82 (1): p. 21-27; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Concentration; Measurement; Sampling   92                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses. Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Cornick, J.L.; Williams, J.D.; Beasley, A. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (4): p. 268-273; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Injectable anesthetics; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Ketamine   93                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  A comparison of methods for proximal palmar metacarpal analgesia in horses. Ford, T.S.; Ross, M.W.; Orsini, P.G. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (2): p. 146-150. ill; 1989 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Metacarpus; Carpus; Joints (animal); Anesthesia; Injections; Analgesics; Infiltration   94                                   NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  A comparison of responses to analgesia of the navicular bursa and intra-articular analgesia of the distal interphalagneal joint in 59 horses. Dyson, S.J.; Kidd, L. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Mar. Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (2): p. 93-98; 1993 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Horses; Lameness; Analgesics; Serous bursa; Joints (animal); Synovial fluid   95                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  Comparison of the effects of two sets of anaesthetic agents and posture on respiratory rate, heart rate, pH, blood gas and acid-base status in the horse. Karimi, A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 143 (6): p. 506-512; 1987 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Xylazine; Thiopental; Posture; Respiration rate; Heart rate; Ph; Blood; Gases; Acid base equilibrium; Anesthesia   96                                  NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  A comparison of the sedative effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists (romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in the horse. England, G.C.W.; Clarke, K.W.; Goossens, L. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Jun. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (2): p. 194-201; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Agonists; Anesthesia; Dosage; Intravenous injection; Adverse effects   97                          NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Comparison of the thermal and mechanical antiociceptive actions of opioids and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists in sheep. Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Nolan, A.; Amin, A. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 372-377, 400; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Agonists; Opioids; Pain; Testing; Animal experiments; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Analgesics; Xylazine; Fentanyl; Pethidine; Laboratory tests   98                                  NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  A comparison of xylazine-diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-guaifenesin-ketamine in equine anesthesia. Brock, N.; Hildebrand, S.V. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (6): p. 468-474; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Diazepam; Ketamine; Xylazine; Guaifenesin   99                                  NAL Call. No.: SF895.P76  Complications associated with alcohol tail-blocks in three horses. Stewart, R.H.; Reed, S.M.; Weisbrode, S.E. Washington, D.C. : Fidia Research Foundation; 1990. Progress in veterinary neurology v. 1 (4): p. 476-480; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Case reports; Complications; Ethanol; Injection; Tail; Conduction anesthesia   100                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Compressed spectral analysis of the EEG as an indicator of anesthetic quality during anesthesia for orthopedic surgery in the horses. Short, C.E.; Ekstrom, P.M. Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1993. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. p. 69-80; 1993.  Meeting helding on November 29-December 2, 1992, Orlando, Florida.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia   101                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  A computer-derived protocol to aid in selecting medical versus surgical treatment of horses with abdominal pain. Ducharme, N.G.; Pascoe, P.J.; Lumsden, J.H.; Ducharme, G.R. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Nov. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (6): p. 447-450; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Abdomen; Pain; Colic; Medical treatment; Surgery; Decision analysis; Computer analysis   102                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24  A computer-derived protocol using recursive partitioning to aid in estimating prognosis of horses with abdominal pain in referral hospitals. Pascoe, P.J.; Ducharme, N.G.; Ducharme, G.R.; Lumsden, J.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jul. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 54 (3): p. 373-378; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Abdomen; Survival; Estimation; Computer analysis   103                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Contribution of amino acid transmitters to epileptiform activity and reflex suppression in electrically head stunned sheep. Cook, C.J.; Devine, C.E.; Tavener, A.; Gilbert, K.V. London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 52 (1): p. 48-56; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Stunning; Electrical treatment; Gamma-aminobutyric acid; Amino acids; Receptors; Anesthetics; Reflexes; Convulsions  Abstract:  In sheep, administration of a combination of zolazepam and tiletamine hydrochloride resulted in a dose dependent reduction in the duration of epileptic activity induced by an electric stun applied to the head. The compound also lengthened the normal period of reflex suppression that occurs after a stun. Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists (2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic and 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acids) also reduced the duration of epileptic activity following an electric stun. These drugs did not alter the time of pedal and ear pinch reflex suppression. Administration of bicuculline (a gamma amino-4-butyric acid [GABA] receptor antagonist) reduced the period of stun induced reflex suppression and increased seizure duration. Administration of a GABA receptor agonist, baclofen, increased the duration of reflex suppression. The results suggest that the development of epileptiform-like activity following application of an electric current to the head is dependent upon excitatory amino acid receptors. The reflex suppression that also arises following an electric stun is contributed to by the activation of GABA receptor mechanisms.   104                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Correlation between drug and metabolite concentrations in plasma and anesthetic action of ketamine in swine. Loscher, W.; Ganter, M.; Fassbender, C.P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (3): p. 391-398; 1990 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Blood plasma; Metabolites; Administration; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics  Abstract:  Pharmacokinetic variables and metabolism of IM and IV administered ketamine (15 mg/kg of body weight) were determined in 8 swine (2 adult sows and 6 young pigs). After IM administration, maximal plasma concentration was rapidly reached, but peak concentration varied considerably, although comparison with IV data for the same swine indicated that the drug was almost completely absorbed from the musculature. After IV administration, ketamine kinetics followed a 3-term exponential decrease, indicating rapid initial distribution of the drug to highly vascular tissues including the brain, followed by redistribution into less vascular tissues, and elimination. Redistribution and elimination phases, with similar kinetics as those observed in the IV experiment, also were determined in the IM experiment. After both routes of administration, onset of anesthesia was rapid, and most swine recovered consciousness during the phase of redistribution, indicating that anesthesia is terminated by redistribution of drug from the brain into other tissues, whereas metabolism and excretion are less important for duration of anesthesia induced by ketamine. The time during which the swine resumed a lateral position (sleep time) was positively correlated with plasma ketamine concentration at onset of lateral recumbency, as well as with the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The minimal plasma ketamine concentration for induction of immobilization was about 2 microgram/ml. In adult sows, ketamine induced profound analgesia, which was not obtained in young pigs; this difference in potency could not be related to pharmacokinetic differences between young and adult swine. With respect to metabolism of ketamine in swine, the major metabolite in plasma was norketamine (metabolite I), whereas a second metabolite (metabolite II) was detected only in low concentrations. Elimination half-life of ketamine was about 2 hours after either IM or IV administration.   105                                 NAL Call. No.: SF391.P55  Creatine kinase activity in blood plasma and muscles of pigs susceptible and resistant to halothane anaesthesia. Poltarsky, J.; Kolataj, A.; Bulla, J. Wallingford : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux; 1989 Dec. Pig news and information v. 10 (4): p. 469-472; 1989 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Creatine kinase; Enzyme activity; Blood plasma; Longissimus dorsi; Halothane; Drug resistance; Sex differences   106                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Dental dolorimetry for the evaluation of an analgesic agent in the horse. Brunson, D.B.; Collier, M.A.; Scott, E.A.; Majors, L.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7): p. 1082-1086. ill; 1987 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Teeth; Electrodes; Pain; Measurement   107                                  NAL Call. No.: 475 J824  Determination of residues of carazolol and a number of tranquillizers in swine kidney by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. Keukens, H.J.; Aerts, M.M.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Feb17. Journal of chromatography v. 464 (1): p. 149-161; 1989 Feb17.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Netherlands; Pigs; Kidneys; Drug residues; Neuroleptics; Determination; Liquid chromatography; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet spectroscopy   108                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Determination of sensitivity to metocurine in exercised horses. White, D.A.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Jones, J.H.; Fung, D.L.; Gronert, G.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (5): p. 757-761; 1992 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Muscle relaxants; Exercise; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics  Abstract:  On the basis of results in dogs, conditioning exercise may increase sensitivity to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Five Thoroughbreds were exercised/conditioned 3 times weekly on a treadmill for 8 months. Increasing maximal rate of O2 consumption verified that the horses were responding to exercise conditioning. Six nonexercised Thoroughbreds served as the control group. Studies were done with horses under general anesthesia by use of halothane during partial paralysis by a brief constant-rate infusion with the muscle relaxant, metocurine iodide. Quantification of degree of paralysis of the hoof twitch (eg, digital extensor) occurred with simultaneous quantification of blood values of metocurine. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of the data were done by a nonlinear regression program, using the Hill equation. There were no differences in findings between exercised and nonexercised horses. The mean blood concentration for the 50% paralyzing dose of metocurine was 0.44 +/- 0.11 (SD) micrograms/ml in exercised horses, and 0.58 +/- 0.22 micrograms/ml in nonexercised horses. Despite evidence for a response to conditioning, a significant change in the sensitivity of the neuromuscular junction to metocurine was not found.   109                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Detomidine (Domosedan) in foals: sedative and analgesic effects. Oijala, M.; Katila, T. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (5): p. 327-330; 1988 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Neuroleptics; Analgesics; Drug effects; Heart rate; Body weight   110                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Detomidine hydrochloride versus xylazine plus morphine as sedative and analgesic agents for flank laparotomies and ovary and oviduct removal in standing mares. Jochle, W.; Woods, G.L.; Little, T.V.; Hillman, R.B.; Ball, B.A. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1991 Jul. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 11 (4): p. 225-228; 1991 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Mares; Reproductive disorders; Ovariectomy; Oviducts; Surgical operations; Analgesics; Xylazine; Morphine; Laparotomy   111                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Detomidine-butorphanol sedation in equine clinical practice. Taylor, P.M.; Browning, A.P.; Harris, C.P. London : The Association; 1988 Oct08. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 123 (15): p. 388-390; 1988 Oct08.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Adverse effects   112                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of phenothiazine tranquillisers in horses. Smith, M.L.; Chapman, C.B. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 May. Research in veterinary science v. 42 (3): p. 415-417; 1987 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Phenothiazines; Neuroleptics; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Detection   113                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Dose related effects of the kappa agonist U-50, 488H on behaviour, nociception and autonomic response in the horse. Kamerling, S.; Weckman, T.; Donahoe, J.; Tobin, T. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Mar. Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (2): p. 114-118; 1988 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Animal behavior; Autonomic nervous system; Neurotropic drugs   114                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Dose selection for detomidine as a sedative and analgesic in horses with colic from controlled and open clinical studies. Jochle, W. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1990 Jan. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 10 (1): p. 6-11; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Analgesics; Drug effects; Dosage effects; Duration   115                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity in anesthetized horses, maintained at 1.25 to 1.3 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane. Hellyer, P.W.; Dodam, J.R.; Light, G.S. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (10): p. 1672-1675; 1991 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Reflexes; Xylazine; Ketamine; Halothane; Vasoconstrictor agents  Abstract:  Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity for increasing arterial pressure (DBSI) was used to quantitatively assess the effects of anesthesia on the heart rate/arterial pressure relationship during rapid (less than or equal to 2 minutes) pressure changes in the horse. Anesthesia was induced with IV administration of xylazine and ketamine and maintained with halothane at a constant end-tidal concentration of 1.1 to 1.2% (1.25 to 1.3 minimal alveolar concentration). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was increased a minimum of 30 mm of Hg in response to an IV bolus injection of phenylephrine HCl. Linear regression was used to determine the slope of the R-R interval/SAP relationship. During dynamic increases in SAP, a significant correlation between R-R interval and SAP was observed in 8 of 8 halothane-anesthetized horses. Correlation coefficients between R-R interval and sap were > 0.80 in 5 of 8 horses. Mean (+/- SD) DBSI was 4.8 +/- 3.4 ms/mm of Hg in anesthetized horses. A significant correlation between R-R interval and SAP was observed in only 3 of 6 awake horses during dynamic increases in SAP. Lack of correlation between R-R interval and SAP in 3 of 6 awake horses indicated that rapidly increasing SAP with an IV phenylephrine bolus is a poor method to evaluate baroreceptor-mediated heart rate changes in awake horses. Reflex slowing of heart rate in response to a rising arterial pressure appeared to have been overridden by the effects of excitement. Mean (+/- SD) DBSI (3 horses) was 7.3 +/- 3.3 ms/mm of Hg in awake horses.   116                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of body posture on cardiopulmonary function in horses during five hours of constant-dose halothane anesthesia. Steffey, E.P.; Kelley, A.B.; Hodgson, D.S.; Grandy, J.L.; Woliner, M.J.; Willits, N. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 11-16; 1990 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Posture; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system  Abstract:  Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were serially characterized in 7 healthy, spontaneously breathing, adult horses (from which food had been withheld) during 5 hours of constant 1.06% alveolar halothane (end-expired halothane concentration of 1.06%; equivalent to 1.2 times the minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration for horses). To enable comparison of temporal results in relation to 2 body postures, horses were studied in lateral recumbency (LR) and dorsal recumbency (DR) on separate occasions. Temporal changes in results of measures of circulation previously reported from this laboratory for horses in LR were confirmed (ie, a time-related increase in systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and PCV). During DR, systemic arterial blood pressure was initially significantly (P < 0.05) greater and pulmonary artery pressure less than results at comparable periods during LR. Differences ceased to exist with duration of anesthesia. Except for a greater heart rate at hour 5 of DR, no other significant differences in circulation were found between LR and DR. In general, except for PaO2, measures of ventilation did not change with time in either LR or DR. The PaO2 was significantly greater during LR, compared with DR, but the average did not change significantly with time in either body posture.   117                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Effect of buffered lidocaine on epidural anesthesia in cattle. Riebold, T.W.; Hawkins, J.K.; Crisman, R.O. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 303-306, 313-315; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Anesthesia; Lidocaine; Local anesthetics   118                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Effect of carbon dioxide stunning on somatosensory evoked potentials in hens. Mohan Raj, A.B.; Gregory, N.G.; Wotton, S.B. London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 49 (3): p. 355-359. ill; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Hens; Stunning; Carbon dioxide; Electroencephalograms; Convulsions; Animal welfare; Anesthesia; Consciousness   119                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Effect of clenbuterol an arterial oxygen tension in the anaesthetised horse. Gleed, R.D.; Dobson, A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 May. Research in veterinary science v. 48 (3): p. 331-337; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Arteries; Partial pressure; Position; Drugs   120                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on myocardial irritability in chickens. Greenlees, K.J.; Clutton, R.E.; Larsen, C.T.; Eyre, P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (5): p. 757-758; 1990 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Anesthesia; Halothane; Anesthetics; Pentobarbital; Myocardium; Adverse effects  Abstract:  The relative myocardial irritant properties of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital were evaluated in chickens. Sixteen adult male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group-1 chickens were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, IV), group-2 chickens were anesthetized with halothane (end tidal halothane 1.2%), and group-3 chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane (end tidal isoflurane 2.1%). Birds in any 2 of the 3 treatment groups were tested on any 1 day. Local anesthesia was induced, and blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, and blood gas variables were measured before general anesthesia was induced. Positive-pressure ventilation with an inspired O2 fraction > 0.95 was adjusted to result in an end tidal CO2 concentration that reflected a PaCO2 similar to that obtained prior to anesthesia and ventilation. All measurements were repeated. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in response to electrical stimulation of the heart was then determined for all birds. Effects of anesthesia on hemodynamic and blood gas variables were similar in all 3 groups. Compared with halothane or pentobarbital, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower threshold for electrical fibrillation of the heart.   121                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Effect of halothane on bronchial calibre of anaesthetised cattle. Watney, G.C.G. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan03. The Veterinary record v. 120 (1): p. 9-12; 1987 Jan03.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Halothane; Anesthesia; Bronchi; Volume; Respiration pathways; Xylazine; Diameter   122                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of high PaCO2 and time on cerebrospinal fluid and intraocular pressure in halothane-anesthetized horses. Cullen, L.K.; Steffey, E.P.; Bailey, C.S.; Kortz, G.; Da Silva Curiel, J.; Bellhorn, R.W.; Woliner, M.J.; Elliott, A.R.; Jarvis, K.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (2): p. 300-304; 1990 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Hypercapnia; Carbon dioxide; Partial pressure; Timing; Cerebrospinal fluid; Eyes (animal); Internal pressure  Abstract:  The effects of different arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2) on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in 6 male halothaneanesthetized horses positioned in left lateral recumbency. Steady-state anesthetic conditions (1.06% end-tidal halothane concentration) commenced 60 minutes following anesthetic induction with only halothane in oxygen. During atracurium neuromuscular blockade, horses were ventilated, and respiratory rate and peak inspiratory airway pressure were maintained within narrow limits. The CSFP and IOP were measured at 3 different levels of PaCO2 (approx 40, 60, and 80 mm of Hg). The PaCO2 sequence in each horse was determined from a type of switchback design with the initial PaCO2 (period 1), established 30 minutes after the commencement of steady-state anesthesia, being repeated in the middle (period 3) and again at the end (period 5) of the experiment. Measurements taken from the middle 3 periods (2, 3, and 4) would form a Latin square design replicated twice. The interval between each period was approximately 45 minutes. Data from periods 2, 3, and 4 indicated that CSFP (P < 0.05) and mean systemic arterial pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05) with high PaCO2. Mean central venous pressure, heart rate, and IOP did not change significantly during these same conditions. Measurements taken during periods 1, 3, and 5 were compared to assess the time- related responses to anesthesia and showed a significant increase in CSFP, a significant decrease in mean central venous pressure, and a small (but not statistically significant) increase in mean systemic arterial pressure.   123                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in horses anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane. Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (2): p. 315-321; 1993 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Hypercapnia; Epinephrine; Dosage; Anesthesia; Guaifenesin; Halothane; Inhaled anesthetics; Arrhythmia  Abstract:  The effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was investigated in 14 horses. Anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and thiamylal sodium and was maintained at an end-tidal halothane concentration between 0.86 and 0.92%. Base-apex ECG, cardiac output, and facial artery blood pressure were measured and recorded. The ADE was determined at normocapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [Pa(CO2)] = 35 to 45 mm of Hg), at hypercapnia (Pa(CO2) = 70 to 80 mm of Hg), and after return to normocapnia. Epinephrine was infused at arithmetically spaced increasing rates (initial rate = 0.25 micrograms/kg of body weight/min) for a maximum of 10 minutes. The ADE was defined as the lowest epinephrine infusion rate, to the nearest 0.25 micrograms/kg/min, at which 4 premature ventricular complexes occurred in a 15-second period. The ADE (mean +/- SD) during hypercapnia (1.04 +/- 0.23 micrograms/kg/min) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than the ADE at normocapnia (1.35 +/- 0.38 micrograms/kg/min), whereas the ADE after return to normocapnia (1.17 +/- 0.22 micrograms/kg/min) was not significantly different from those during normocapnia or hypercapnia. Baseline systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and cardiac output decreased after return to normocapnia. Significant differences were not found in arterial partial pressure of O2 (Pa(O2)) or in base excess during the experiment. Two horses developed ventricular fibrillation and died during normocapnic determinations of ADE. Hypercapnia was associated with an increased risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias in horses anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane.   124                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Effect of hypercapnia or xylazine on lateral ventricle and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid pressures in pentobarbital-anesthetized horses. Moore, R.M.; Trim, C.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 151-158; 1993 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cerebrospinal fluid; Anesthesia   125                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8  The effect of lateral and dorsal recumbency on cardiopulmonary function in the anaesthetised horse. Stegmann, G.F.; Littlejohn, A. Pretoria : The Association; 1987 Mar. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association; Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging v. 58 (1): p. 21-27; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Position; Body weight; Heart output; Ventilation; Physiological functions; Heart; Lungs   126                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  The effect of pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia on plasma LH, cortisol and testosterone in goats. Mohamed, F.H.A.; Cox, J.E. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 143 (6): p. 513-519; 1987 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Pentobarbital; Anesthesia; Blood plasma; Lh; Cortisol; Testosterone   127                                  NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5  The effect of stage of estrous cycle and follicular maturation on ovarian inhibin production in sheep. Campbell, B.K.; McNeilly, A.S.; Mann, G.E.; Baird, D.T. Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1991 Mar. Biology of reproduction v. 44 (3): p. 483-490; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Ovulation; Graafian follicles; Estrus; Granulosa cells; Cell culture; Cloprostenol; Fsh; Lh; Inhibin; Estradiol; Androstenedione; Testosterone; Hormone secretion  Abstract:  Twenty-four Scottish Blackface ewes (mean weight 50.0 +/- 0.1 kg with ovulation rate 1.3 +/- 0.1) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals. Under general anesthesia, following the collection of a timed sample of ovarian venous blood, the ovaries of these animals were collected either on Day 10 of the luteal phase or 12, 24, and 48 h after a luteolytic dose of a prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha analogue (cloprostenol 100 microgram i.m.) administered on Day 10. All follicles greater than 3 mm were dissected from the ovaries and incubated in Medium 199 (M199) at 37 degrees C for 2 h, following which the granulosa cells were harvested and incubated in triplicate for 24 h in M199 with or without ovine FSH or ovine LH. Plasma and culture media samples were assayed for inhibin, estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A4), and testosterone (T) by specific RIA. After correcting for hematocrit, ovarian secretion rates were calculated from the product of the plasma concentration and flow rate. The rate of ovarian inhibin secretion during the luteal phase was similar from ovaries categorized on the basis of presence of luteal tissue (1.0 +/- 0.3 and 0.9 +/- 0.5 ng/min for CL present and absent, respectively), confirming that the ovine CL does not secrete appreciable amounts of inhibin. Inhibin secretion was higher (p < 0.05) at 12 h after PG-induced luteolysis but not at 24 or 48 h compared to values for luteal phase control ewes. Although ovaries containing large estrogenic follicles (greater than or equal to 4 mm in diameter and classified as estrogenic from in vitro criteria) secreted the most inhibin (55%; p < 0.05), both ovaries containing large nonestrogenic follicles (33%) and small (11%; <4 mm in diameter) follicles secreted appreciable amounts of inhibin. This contrasted strongly with E2 where >80% of the steroid was secreted by large estrogenic follicles. The rate of ovarian inhibin secretion was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the rate of E2, A4, and T secretion.   128                                  NAL Call. No.: 421 J828  Effect of the anesthetizing agent triethylamine on western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viral titers in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Kramer, L.D.; Presser, S.B.; Houk, E.J.; Hardy, J.L. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1990 Nov. Journal of medical entomology v. 27 (6): p. 1008-1110; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Aedes dorsalis; Culex tarsalis; Anesthesia; Arboviruses; Disease vectors; Public health; St. louis encephalitis virus; Triethylamine; Western equine encephalitis virus   129                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  The effect of the organophosphate trichlorfon on the neuromuscular blocking activity of atracurium in halothane-anesthetized horses. Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T.; Holland, M. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Sep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (3): p. 277-282; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Trichlorfon; Halothane; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants   130                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of withholding feed on ventilation and the incidence of regurgitation during halothane anesthesia of adult cattle. Blaze, C.A.; LeBlanc, P.H.; Robinson, N.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (12): p. 2126-2129; 1988 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Halothane; Anesthesia; Restricted feeding; Ventilation; Vomiting; Gases; Lungs  Abstract:  Six cows were anesthetized for 90 minutes with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentrations of halothane in oxygen, after 48 hours without food and 12 hours without water. On a separate occasion, the cows were allowed access to feed and water up to the time of induction of anesthesia, with the sequence of feeding vs fasting randomized. Every 15 minutes, measurements were made of end-tidal halothane concentration, arterial blood gas tensions, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, tidal volume, minute volume, airflow rate, and transpulmonary pressure, and calculations were made of dynamic compliance and pulmonary resistance. Any regurgitation was recorded. Hypoventilation was noticed in all cows, but to a greater degree in fed cows. Fed cows became hypoxemic, whereas arterial oxygen tension did not change in nonfed cows. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, tidal volume, and minute volume did not change. Arterial pH decreased progressively in all cows. Dynamic compliance also decreased progressively in all cows, and was consistently lower in fed cows. Pulmonary resistance tended to increase in all cows, but the increase was significant only in fed cows at 90 minutes. All fed cows became tympanitic, and 2 cows regurgitated a small volume of fluid at 55 minutes. Three nonfed cows regurgitated larger volumes at times ranging from 8 minutes to 85 minutes.   131                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effect of xylazine on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in thiamylal/halothane-anesthetized horses. Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2350-2354; 1992 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Drug effects  Abstract:  The effect of xylazine on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was studied in 9 horses. Anesthesia was induced by administration of guaifenesin (50 mg/kg of body weight, IV) followed by thiamylal (4 to 6 mg/kg, IV) and was maintained at 1 minimal alveolar concentration MAC) of halothane (0.89%). Base apex ECG and facial artery pressure were recorded. Epinephrine was infused in a sequence of arithmetically spaced increasing rates (initial rate 0.25 (Lg/kg/min) for a maximum of 10 minutes. The ADE was defined as the lowest epinephrine infusion rate to the nearest 0.25 microgram/kg/min at which at least 4 premature ventricular depolarizations occurred in a 15-second period. Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered after the control ADE was determined. Xylazine did not significantly alter the ADE (control, 1.12 +/-0.38 microgram/kg/min; xylazine, 1.21 +/- 0.46 microgram/kg/min). Blood pressure increased transiently for 8 minutes after xylazine administration. Baseline systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and heart rate were not significantly different from control baseline pressures and heart rate 15 minutes after xylazine administration. Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly during control and xylazine ADE determinations. Significant differences in pH, PaO2, PaCO2, or base excess were not observed between baseline and ADE in the control or xylazine groups. One horse developed atrial fibrillation, and 2 horses developed ventricular fibrillation during ADE determinations.   132                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of a highly concentrated hypertonic saline-dextran volume expander on cardiopulmonary function in anesthetized normovolemic horses. Moon, P.F.; Snyder, J.R.; Haskins, S.C.; Perron, P.R.; Kramer, G.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (10): p. 1611-1618; 1991 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Fluid therapy; Saline water; Dextran; Solutions; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Adverse effects  Abstract:  Conventional fluid resuscitation is unsatisfactory in a small percentage of equine emergency surgical cases because the large volumes of fluids required cannot be given rapidly enough to adequately stabilize the horse. In anesthetized horses, the volume expansion and cardiopulmonary effects of a small volume of highly concentrated hypertonic saline-dextran solution were evaluated as an alternative initial fluid choice. Seven halothane-anesthetized, laterally recumbent, spontaneously ventilating, normovolemic horses were treated with a 25% NaCl-24% dextran 70 solution (HSD) at a dosage of 1.0 ml/kg of body weight, IV, infused over 10 minutes, and the effects were measured for 120 minutes after infusion. Plasma volume expansion was rapid and significant (from 36.6 +/- 4.6 ml/kg to 44.9 +/- 4.8 ml/kg) and remained significantly expanded for the duration of the experiment. Packed cell volume, total blood hemoglobin, and plasma protein concentrations significantly decreased, confirming rapid and sustained volume expansion with hemodilution. Cardiac index and stroke index immediately increased and remained high for the entire study (from 69.6 +/- 15.3 ml/min/kg to 106.6 +/- 28.4 ml/min/kg, and from 1.88 t 0.49 ml/beat/kg to 2.50 +/- 0.72 ml/beat/kg, respectively). Systemic vascular resistance significantly decreased immediately after HSD infusion and remained decreased for the duration of the study (from 1.41 +/- 0.45 mm of Hg/ml/min/kg to 0.88 t 0.22 mm of Hg/ml/min/kg). Arterial and venous blood oxygen content decreased significantly because of hemodilution, but actual oxygen transport transiently increased at the 10-minute measurement before returning toward baseline. Plasma osmolality and sodium significantly increased and remained high for the entire 120 minutes (from 293 +/- 2 osm/L to 326 +/- 9 mosm/L, and from 142.8 +/- 3.3 mM/L to 159.0 +/- 6.2 mM/L, respectively). Urine output increased in 5 of 7 horses within minutes of HSD infusion, but the mean increase was   133                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  The effects of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist analgesia on the central nervous system in an equine model. Short, C.E.; Kallfelz, F.A.; Otto, K.; Otto, B.; Wallace, R. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 421-430, 433-434; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Pain; Models; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Agonists; Analgesics; Drug effects   134                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Effects of an infusion of dopamine on the cardiopulmonary effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin in anaesthetised horses. Trim, C.M.; Moore, J.N.; Hardee, M.M.; Hardee, G.E.; Slade, E.A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 50 (1): p. 54-63; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Dopamine; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Toxemia   135                                  NAL Call. No.: 421 J828  Effects of anesthetization and storage temperature on bluetongue virus recovery from Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and sheep blood. Work, T.M.; Sawyer, M.M.; Jessup, D.A.; Washino, R.K.; Osburn, B.I. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1990 May. Journal of medical entomology v. 27 (3): p. 331-333; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Cervidae; Infection; Bluetongue virus; Blood; Anesthesia; Field experimentation; Storage; Temperature; Culicoides variipennis; Disease vectors; Light traps   136                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Effects of anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs and muscarinic receptor blocking agents on appetite in the pig. Bowden, H.C.; Sharman, D.F.; Stephens, D.B. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Sep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (3): p. 269-272; 1987 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Appetite; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents; Pharmacodynamics; Statistical analysis   137                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of atracurium administered by continuous intravenous infusion in halothane-anesthetized horses. Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12): p. 2124-2126; 1989 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Muscle relaxants; Injections; Halothane; Anesthesia; Adverse effects  Abstract:  Atracurium (0.4 mg/ml in isotonic NaCl solution) was administered by IV infusion to 7 healthy adult horses for 2 hours. Over the 2-hour period, a 95 to 99% reduction of train-of-four hoof-twitch response was maintained by 0.17 +/- 0.01 mg of atracurium/kg of body weight/h, for a total of 161 +/- 6 mg of atracurium (mean +/- SEM) for horses 1 to 4, 6, and 7. Horse 5, a mare in estrus, required 0.49 mg of atracurium/kg/h to maintain comparable relaxation. Hoof-twitch recovery time from 10 to 75% of baseline strength was 19.8 +/- 2.5 minutes for all horses. The 10 to 75% recovery time for horse 5 was 18 minutes. Recovery time from discontinuation of halothane until standing was 86 +/- 14 minutes (range, 55 to 165 minutes). Horse 5 had a 165-minute recovery. Regarding recovery from anesthesia, 3 recoveries were rated as excellent, 1 recovery good, and 2 recoveries as fair. Horse 5 laid quietly until she stood with 1 strong, smooth effort.   138                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A  Effects of clenbuterol hydrochloride on pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics in anesthetized horses. Dodam, J.R.; Moon, R.E.; Olson, N.C.; Exposito, A.J.; Fawcett, T.A.; Huang, Y.C.; Theil, D.R.; Camporesi, E.; Swanson, C.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 776-782; 1993 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Clenbuterol; Gas exchange; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Hemodynamics; Anesthesia  Abstract:  We evaluated the effects of clenbuterol HCl (0.8 micrograms/kg, of body weight, IV), a beta 2, agonist, on ventilation-perfusion matching and hemodynamic variables in anesthetized (by IV route), laterally recumbent horses. The multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to assess pulmonary gas exchange. Clenbuterol HCl induced a decrease in arterial oxygen tension (from 57.0 +/- 1.8 to 49.3 +/- 1.2 mm of Hg; mean +/- SEM) as a result of increased shunt fraction (from 6.6 +/- 2.1 to 14.4 +/- 3.1%) and ventilation to regions with high ventilation-perfusion ratios. In contrast, no changes in these variables were found in horses given sterile water. In horses given clenbuterol HCl, O2 consumption increased from 2.23 +/- 0.18 to 2.70 +/- 0.14 ml . min-1 . kg-1, and respiratory exchange ratio decreased from 0.80 +/- 0.02 to 0.72 +/- 0.01. Respiratory exchange ratio and O2 consumption were not significantly modified in sterile water-treated (control) horses. Clenbuterol HCl administration was associated with increased cardiac index (from 57.4 +/- 4.0 to 84.2 +/- 6.3 ml . min-1 . kg- 1), decreased total peripheral vascular resistance (from 108.3 +/- 9.3 to 47.6 +/- 2.8 mm of Hg . s . kg . ml-1), and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (from 31.3 +/- 3.8 to 13.6 +/- 0.7 mm of Hg . s . kg . ml-1). Our findings indicated that clenbuterol HCl may potentiate hypoxemia as a result of increased shunt fraction in horses anesthetized by the IV route, and caused changes in hemodynamic variables that were consistent with its ability to stimulate beta 2-adrenergic receptors.   139                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Effects of detomidine on equine oesophageal function as studied by contrast radiography. Watson, T.D.G.; Sullivan, M. London : The Association; 1991 Jul27. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129 (4): p. 67-69; 1991 Jul27.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Esophagus; Deglutition; Transit time; Peristalsis; Grass sickness   140                                NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4  The effects of general anaesthesia on tocainide clearance in the sheep. Runciman, W.B.; Mather, L.E.; Carapetis, R.J.; Ilsley, A.H.; McLean, C.F. London : Taylor & Francis; 1987 Jul. Xenobiotica v. 17 (7): p. 807-813; 1987 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Anesthetics   141                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of general anesthesia on myoelectric activity of the intestine in horses. Lester, G.D.; Bolton, J.R.; Cullen, L.K.; Thurgate, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (9): p. 1553-1557; 1992 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Thiopental; Ileum; Cecum; Colon; Electrical activity; Muscles; Drug effects; Intestinal motility; Halothane; Guaifenesin   142                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of halothane and isoflurane on baroreflex sensitivity in horses. Hellyer, P.W.; Bednarski, R.M.; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12): p. 2127-2134; 1989 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthetics; Reflexes; Blood pressure  Abstract:  Baroreflex sensitivity (BS) was used to quantitatively assess the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the heart rate/arterial pressure relationship during steady-state (10 minutes) and dynamic pressure changes in adult horses. Arterial pressure was decreased in response to nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside and increased in response to phenylephrine HCl. Mean (+/- SEM) BS in awake horses was 28.9 +/- 2.6 and 13.2 +/- 2.0 ms/mm of Hg during steady-state decreases and increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), respectively. Halothane and isoflurane either significantly (P < 0.05) decreased or eliminated BS during steady-state decreases in SAP, with no significant differences detected between anesthetic agents. During steady-state decreases in SAP, significant (P < 0.05) correlation between R-R interval and arterial pressure was not observed for 6 of 10 and 4 of 11 halothane and isoflurane anesthesia periods, respectively. Halothane significantly (P < 0.05) decreased BS during steady-state increases in SAP to 7.9 +/- 0.6 and 6.5 +/- 1.1 ms/mm of Hg during low and high minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples, respectively. Isoflurane decreased BS during steady-state increases in SAP to 9.6 +/- 1.5 and 6.6 +/- 1.1 ms/mm of Hg during low and high MAC anesthesia, respectively, with high MAC of isoflurane decreasing BS significantly (P < 0.05), compared with awake and low MAC values. Plasma catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05), compared with baseline values during steady-state vasodilator infusions in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Steady-state infusions of phenylephrine in anesthetized horses resulted in arrhythmia development, with premature atrial and ventricular complexes seen in halothane-anesthetized horses and increased heart rate and atrial premature complexes seen less frequently in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Dynamic BS was 25.0 +/- 4.5 and 20.1 +/- 2.8 ms/mm of Hg f   143                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of halothane anesthesia on the clearance of gentamicin sulfate in horses. Smith, C.M.; Steffey, E.P.; Baggot, J.D.; Dunlop, C.I.; Farver, T.B. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (1): p. 19-22; 1988 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Gentamicin; Renal clearance; Pharmacokinetics; Urine analysis; Models   144                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37  The effects of intra-articular anesthesia on soft tissue- and bone-phase scintigraphy in the horse. Trout, D.R.; Hornof, W.J.; Fisher, P.E. Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Sep. Veterinary radiology v. 32 (5): p. 251-255; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Scintigraphy; Local anesthesia   145                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of ketamine infusion on halothane minimal alveolar concentration in horses. Muir, W.W. III; Sams, R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (10): p. 1802-1806; 1992 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Ketamine; Halothane; Requirements; Dosage effects; Hemodynamics; Anesthesia  Abstract:  Eight adult horses were used in a study to determine ketamine's ability to reduce halothane requirement. To obtain steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 microg/ml, loading doses and constant infusions for ketamine were calculated for each horse on the basis of data from other studies in which the pharmacokinetic properties of ketamine were investigated. Blood samples for determination of plasma ketamine concentrations were collected periodically during each experiment. Plasma ketamine concentrations were determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under electron-impact ionization conditions, using lidocaine as the internal standard. Halothane minimal alveolar concentration (MAC; concentration at which half the horses moved in response to an electrical stimulus) and plasma ketamine concentration were determined after steady-state concentrations of each ketamine infusion had been reached. Plasma ketamine concentrations > 1.0 microg/ml decreased halothane MAC. The degree of MAC reduction was correlated directly with the square root of the plasma ketamine concentration, reaching a maximum of 37% reduction at a plasma ketamine concentration of 10.8 +/- 2.7 microg/ml. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and the rate of increase of right ventricular pressure did not change with increasing plasma ketamine concentration and halothane MAC reduction. Cardiac output increased significantly during ketamine infusions and halothane MAC reduction. Our findings suggest that plasma ketamine concentrations > 1.0 microm/ml reduce halothane MAC and produce beneficial hemodynamic effects.   146                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and xylazine in Pekin ducks. Ludders, J.W.; Rode, J.; Mitchell, G.S.; Nordheim, E.V. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (2): p. 245-249; 1989 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ducks; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system  Abstract:  Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and xylazine were studied in 12 male Pekin ducks (7 to 12 weeks old; mean [+/- SD] body weight, 3.1 +/- 0.3 kg). After venous and arterial catheterization and fixation of a temperature probe in the cloaca, each awake duck was confined, but not restrained, in an open box in a dimly lit room. Blood pressure and lead-II ECG were recorded. Three arterial blood samples were collected every 15 minutes over a 45-minute period (control period) and were analyzed for pHa, Paco2 and Pao2. After the control period, each duck was assigned at random to 1 of 3 drug groups: (1) ketamine (KET; 20 mg/kg of body weight, IV), (2) xylazine (XYL; 1 mg/kg, IV), and (3) KET + XYL (KET 20 mg/kg and XYL, 1 mg/kg; IV). Measurements were made at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes after drug administration. All ducks survived the drug study. Cloacal temperature was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased above control cloacal temperature at 90 minutes after the administration of ketamine, and from 10 through 90 minutes after administration of ketamine plus xylazine. In ducks of the KET group, pHa, Paco2, and Pao2, remained unchanged after administration of the drug. In ducks of the XYL group, pHa and Pao2 decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) from control values for all time points up to and including 15 minutes after drug administration. In ducks of the KET + XYL group, pHa and Pa02 were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) decreased at all time points up to and including 45 and 15 minutes, respectively, after administration of the drugs. In ducks of the XYL group, Paco2 increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during the first 15 minutes after drug administration, and for 45 minutes after administration of KET + XYL. Results indicated that ketamine when given alone to ducks, was not associated with pulmonary depression. There was drug-associated respiratory depression after IV admini   147                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Effects of local anaesthesia and intravenous naloxone on the changes in behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol produced by castration and tail docking with tight rubber rings in young lambs. Wood, G.N.; Molony, V.; Fleetwood-Walker, S.M.; Hodgson, J.C.; Mellor, D.J. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Sep. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (2): p. 193-199; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Castration; Docking; Hydrocortisone; Lidocaine; Naloxone; Behavior change; Blood plasma; Pain; Local anesthesia  Abstract:  The reliability of some behavioural and physiological indices used for the recognition and assessment of acute pain in lambs after castration and tail docking has been examined. Changes in the indices were measured after blocking neural activity with local anaesthetic (lignocaine) and after an opioid antagonist (naloxone) was administered. Six lambs, aged less than one week, were allocated randomly to each of six treatments. (i) control handling and blood sampling; (ii) castration plus tail docking with tight rubber rings; (iii) local anaesthesia; (iv) local anaesthesia followed by castration and tail docking; (v) intravenous naloxone only (0.2 mg kg-1); and (vi) intravenous naloxone followed by castration and tail docking. Local anaesthesia eliminated the behavioural and plasma cortisol changes which usually follow castration and tail docking. Naloxone had a limited effect on the increase in cortisol but altered the behaviour. The results support the view that such indices are useful for assessment of the response to acute pain and that, although endogenous opioids do reduce pain in young lambs after castration and tail docking, the effect is small.   148                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Effects of perioperative administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on anesthetic recovery in the horse. Brouwer, G.J. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1987 Sep. Equine practice v. 9 (8): p. 22, 24-25; 1987 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgery; Antiinflammatory agents   149                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37  The effects of regional perineural anesthesia on soft tissue and bone phase scintigraphy in the horse. Trout, D.R.; Hornof, W.J.; Liskey, C.C.; Fisher, P.E. Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 May. Veterinary radiology v. 32 (3): p. 140-144; 1991 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Scintigraphy; Local anesthesia; Feet   150                                NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5  Effects of short-term stress, xylazine tranquilization and anesthetization with xylazine plus ketamine on plasma concentrations of cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized pony mares. Thompson, D.L.; Garza, F. Jr; Mitchell, P.S.; St George, R.L. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1988 Nov. Theriogenology v. 30 (5): p. 937-946; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mares; Ovariectomized females; Prolactin; Lh; Fsh; Cortisol; Hormone secretion; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Neuroleptics; Stress; Ketamine   151                                 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  Effects of surgical pentobarbital anesthesia on blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood pH and gas tension in turkeys. Lee, J.C.; McGrath, C.J.; Leighton, A.T. Jr; Wilson, M.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 208-210; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Blood ph; Gases; Tension   152                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of xylazine butorphanol on cecal arterial blood flow, cecal mechanical activity, and systemic hemodynamics in horses. Rutkowski, J.A.; Eades, S.C.; Moore, J.N. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1153-1158; 1991 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Cecum; Blood flow; Blood pressure; Cardiac output; Heart rate; Motility; Hemodynamics; Analgesics  Abstract:  A chronic model with an ultrasonic transit time blood flow probe and strain gauge force transducers implanted on the cecum was used to evaluate cecal mechanical activity and cecal arterial blood flow in 4 conscious adult horses. Intravenous administration of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight) significantly decreased heart rate and cardiac output, but significantly increased diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial pressure, and central venous pressure. Lateral cecal arterial blood flow after xylazine administration was decreased substantially more than was cardiac output, suggesting that xylazine caused constriction of the cecal vasculature. This effect of xylazine may have resulted from either a direct effect of xylazine on the cecal vasculature or from reflex vasoconstriction attributable to reduced cardiac output. Intravenous administration of butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the hemodynamic responses to xylazine. Cecal mechanical activity, as measured by the motility index, was decreased for 120 minutes after administration of xylazine and for 150 minutes after administration of xylazine/butorphanol.   153                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Effects of xylazine on equine intestinal vascular resistance, motility, compliance, and oxygen consumption. Stick, J.A.; Chou, C.C.; Derksen, F.J.; Arden, W.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (2): p. 198-203. ill; 1987 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Intestine motility; Resistance; Oxygen consumption; Anesthesia   154                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Effects to tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep. Hsu, W.H.; Schaffer, D.D.; Hanson, C.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Feb15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (4): p. 423-426; 1987 Feb15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Central nervous system; Respiration; Heart rate   155                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Electroencephalographic power spectrum analysis as a monitor of anesthetic depth in horses. Otto, K.; Short, C.E. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Sep. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (5): p. 362-371; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Electroencephalograms; Spectral analysis; Brain   156                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Electroencephalography of detomidine-ketamine-halothane and detomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthetized horses during orthopedic surgery--a comparison. Ekstrom, P.M.; Short, C.E.; Geimer, T.R. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Sep. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (5): p. 414-418; 1993 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Electroencephalograms; Anesthesia   157                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Electro-immobilisation of sheep may not reduce the aversiveness of a painful treatment. Rushen, J.; Congdon, P. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan10. The Veterinary record v. 120 (2): p. 37-38; 1987 Jan10.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Pain   158                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Electromyography of some respiratory muscles in the horse. Hall, L.W.; Aziz, H.A.; Groenendyk, J.; Keates, H.; Rex, M.A.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 May. Research in veterinary science v. 50 (3): p. 328-333; 1991 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Muscles; Diaphragm; Abdomen; Electromyography; Anesthesia  Abstract:  To investigate activity in respiratory muscles, insulated wire electrodes were used to record electromyographic activity in the costal diaphragm and in the intercostal, serratus ventralis, internal abdominal oblique, transversalis and rectus abdominis muscles in conscious horses and in the same animals when anaesthetised. Electromyographic activity was related to respiratory phases as recorded by a stethograph around the chest wall. The costal diaphragm showed tonic and inspiratory activity in both conscious and anaesthetised animals. The principal muscle actively involved in expiration was the transversalis muscle. Intercostal muscle activity, and any increased activity in the second part of either inspiration or expiration recorded in the conscious animal, was absent under anaesthesia. The very marked tonic activity found in the serratus ventralis muscle in standing horses disappeared during anaesthesia. It was concluded that any stabilisation of the chest wall contributed by activity in the serratus ventralis and intercostal muscles in conscious, standing horses is greatly reduced during anaesthesia.   159                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Eltenac, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug for horses: clinical aspects. Prugner, W.; Huber, R.; Luhmann, R. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Jun. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (2): p. 193-199; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Intravenous injection; Dosage; Drug effects; Pain; Inflammation   160                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Employing intra-articular anesthesia to detect joint lesions in lame horses. Gibson, K.T.; Stashak, T.S. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Nov. Veterinary medicine v. 84 (11): p. 1088-1090, 1092. ill; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Lameness; Joints (animal); Diagnostic techniques   161                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66  Endotracheal intubation of cattle under xylazine hydrochloride sedation in the field. Floyd, J.G. Jr; Randle, R.F. Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1989 Oct. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 11 (10): p. 1302-1305. ill; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Trachea; Tubes; Surgical operations   162                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Enhancement of tetrathiomolybdate-induced biliary copper excretion in sheep by general anaesthesia and the effect on copper excretion in urine and bile. Ke, Y.; Symonds, H.W. London : British Veterinary Association; 1989 May. Research in veterinary science v. 46 (3): p. 344-348; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Thiomolybdates; Copper; Excretion; Bile; Urine; Saliva; Anesthesia; Poisoning   163                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Epidural analgesia with 0.75% bupivacaine for laparotomy in goats. Trim, C.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 May01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 194 (9): p. 1292-1296; 1989 May01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Analgesics; Laparotomy; Lidocaine; Duration; Adverse effects   164                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Epidural injection of xylazine for perineal analgesia in horses. LeBlanc, P.H.; Caron, J.P.; Patterson, J.S.; Brown, M.; Matta, M.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1988 Dec01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 193 (11): p. 1405-1408; 1988 Dec01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Lidocaine; Injections; Spinal cord; Pain; Perineum; Ataxia   165                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Epidural injection of xylazine: A new operation for surgical analgesia of the bovine abdomen and udder. Zaugg, J.L.; Nussbaum, M. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1990 Sep. Veterinary medicine v. 85 (9): p. 1043-1046; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Xylazine; Conduction anesthesia; Abdomen; Udders; Surgical operations   166                            NAL Call. No.: SF951.E54 1991  Equine anesthesia monitoring and emergency therapy. Muir, William,_1946-; Hubbell, John A. E. St. Louis : Mosby-Year Book,; 1991. xi, 515 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes index.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Veterinary anesthesia   167                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66  Equine keratomycosis. Barton, M.H. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1992 Jul. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 14 (7): p. 936-944, 950; 1992 Jul.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Mycotic keratitis; Cornea; Drug therapy; Antifungal agents; Antibacterial agents; Symptoms; Diagnosis; Analgesics; Prognosis; Literature reviews   168                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Equine post anaesthetic myositis : muscular post ischaemic hyperaemia measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Serteyn, D.; Lavergne, L.; Coppens, P.; Mottart, E.; Philippart, C.; Micheels, M.; Lamy, M. London : The Association; 1988 Jul30. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 123 (5): p. 126-128; 1988 Jul30.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscular diseases; Blood circulation; Measurement; Halothane   169                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Equine postanaesthetic myositis: a possible role for free radical generation and membrane lipoperoxidation. Serteyn, D.; Mottart, E.; Deby, C.; Deby-Dupont, G.; Pincemail, J.; Philipart, C.; Lamy, M. London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 48 (1): p. 42-46; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Adverse effects; Muscular diseases; Free radicals; Lipid peroxidation; Membranes; Blood plasma   170                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66  Equine postanesthetic myopathy: an update. Hennig, G.E.; Court, M.H. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Nov. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (11): p. 1709-1716; 1991 Nov.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscular diseases; Symptoms; Pathology; Postoperative care; Treatment; Drug therapy; Postoperative complications; Etiology; Prevention; Literature reviews   171                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Equine sports therapy. Porter, M. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1992 May. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 12 (3): p. 193-194; 1992 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Sports medicine; Pain; Therapy   172                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  The equine stress response to anaesthesia. Muir, W.W. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (5): p. 302-303; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Stress response; Drug therapy   173                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Evaluation of 25%, 50%, and 67% nitrous oxide with halothane-oxygen for general anesthesia in horses. Testa, M.; Raffe, M.R.; Robinson, E.P. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (4): p. 308-312; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Nitrous oxide; Halothane; Oxygen   174                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Evaluation of a combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane for anesthesia in llamas. Gavier, D.; Kittleson, M.D.; Fowler, M.E.; Johnson, L.E.; Hall, G.; Nearenberg, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (12): p. 2047-2055; 1988 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Ketamine; Halothane; Xylazine; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Ventilation  Abstract:  Anesthesia induced by use of a combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane, under conditions of spontaneous and mechanically controlled ventilation, was evaluated in 5 llamas positioned in dorsal recumbency. Using chronically implanted catheters, systemic arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, heart rate and rhythm, cardiac output, blood pH and gas tensions, body temperature, and respiratory rate were measured before anesthesia induction (baseline), throughout the anesthetic period, and for 1 hour into the recovery period. During anesthesia, llamas undergoing spontaneous ventilation developed hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Cardiovascular function was decreased during both types of ventilation. The combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane in various doses and 2 ventilation procedures (spontaneous and controlled) provided a reliable method for general anesthesia in llamas, but marked cardiovascular depression developed during anesthesia maintenance with halothane. Spontaneous ventilation resulted in potentially clinically important respiratory acidosis.   175                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6  Evaluation of a xylazine-butorphanol combination for use during standing laparotomy in dairy cattle. Levine, H.D.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H.; Hustead, D. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1992 Jul. Agri- Practice v. 13 (7): p. 19-23; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Massachusetts; Dairy cattle; Laparotomy; Xylazine; Anesthesia; Surgery   176                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Evaluation of pentobarbital as a drug for standing sedation in cattle. Valverde, A.; Doherty, T.J.; Dyson, D.; Valliant, A.E. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 May. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (3): p. 235-238; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Evaluation   177                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6  Evaluation of sedative and analgesic properties of detomidine in goats. Clark, T.P.; Purohit, R.C.; Wilson, R.C. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Agri- Practice v. 14 (4): p. 29-33; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Alabama; Goats; Analgesics; Adverse effects   178                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24  Evaluation of sedative R51703 in cattle: effects on cardiorespiratory functions and rumen contraction rate. Doherty, T.J.; Valverde, A.; Valliant, A.E. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (4): p. 481-483; 1988 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Analgesics; Rumen motility; Heart rate; Respiration rate   179                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Factors influencing the outcome of equine anaesthesia: a review of 1,314 cases. Young, S.S.; Taylor, P.M. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Mar. Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (2): p. 147-151; 1993 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Horses; Surgery; Anesthesia; Muscular diseases   180                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Failure of ketamine to induce anesthesia in two horses. Trim, C.M.; Adams, J.G.; Hovda, L.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Jan15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (2): p. 201-202; 1987 Jan15.  Includes 10 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Xylazine   181                                NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224  Fatal body positioning during epidural anesthesia in a ewe. Clutton, R.E.; Boyd, C.; Ward, J.L.; Sponenberg, D.P. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (9): p. 748-750; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Conduction anesthesia; Hypotension; Death; Lidocaine; Caesarean section; Venous circulation; Case reports   182                                NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456  Field anaesthesia in horses. Brouwer, G.J. Bristol : IOP Publishing Limited; 1987. The Veterinary annual v. 27: p. 151-155; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Fields   183                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Fluid therapy in the acutely injured of exhausted horse. Becht, J.L. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 505-508; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Fluids; Therapy; Shock; Exhaustion; Dehydration (physiological); Analgesics; Trauma; Injuries; Rehydration   184                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Foal Anesthesia. Hodgson, D.S. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 549-554; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Anesthesia; Neonates; Techniques; Anesthetics   185                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Further studies on the antinociceptive activity and respiratory effects of buprenorphine in sheep. Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Amin, A. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Sep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (3): p. 230-234; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Dosage; Drug effects; Stimuli; Respiratory gases   186                                  NAL Call. No.: 475 J824  Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of Dextromoramide (Palfium) metabolism in the horse. Reilly, P.J.; Suann, C.J.; Duffield, A.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1990 Jan05. Journal of chromatography v. 498 (1): p. 35-40; 1990 Jan05.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Metabolism; Urine; Detection; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry   187                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V38  Gastro-oesophageal reflux in halothane anaesthetized sheep. The effects of feeding and positioning. Hossain, M.A.; Cottrell, D.F.; Camburn, M.A.; Campbell, J.R. Norwich, England : Geo Abstracts Ltd; 1988. Veterinary research communications v. 12 (2/3): p. 227-232; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Halothane; Regurgitation; Surgery   188                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  General anesthesia for horses with specific problems. Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 625-650; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Laparotomy; Castration; Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Ovaries; Caesarean section; Gastrointestinal diseases; Orthopedics; Eye diseases; Fractures; Larynx; Radiography   189                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  General clinical considerations for anesthesia of the horse. Thurmon, J.C. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 485-494; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Respiratory system   190                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Hematologic and serum biochemical alterations associated with multiple halothane anesthesia exposures and minor surgical trauma in horses. Stover, S.M.; Steffey, E.P.; Dybdal, N.O.; Franti, C.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (2): p. 236-241; 1988 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Surgical operations; Trauma; Hematology; Blood chemistry   191                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Hemodynamic and respiratory responses in halothane-anesthetized horses exposed to positive and end-expiratory pressure alone and with dobutamine. Swanson, C.R.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (4): p. 539-542; 1988 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Pressure; Ventilation; Drugs   192                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to variable arterial partial pressure of oxygen in halothane-anesthetized horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Steffey, E.P.; Willits, N.; Woliner, M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (10): p. 1850-1858; 1992 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Lung ventilation; Oxygen; Internal pressure; Hemodynamics  Abstract:  Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to variable PaO2 were measured in 6 horses anesthetized only with halothane during spontaneous (SV) and controlled (CV) ventilation. The minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) for halothane in oxygen was determined in each spontaneously breathing horse prior to establishing PaO2 study conditions--mean +/- SEM, 0.95 +/- 0.03 vol%. The PaO2 conditions of > 250, 120, 80, and 50 mm of Hg were studied in each horse anesthetized at 1.2 MAC of halothane and positioned in left lateral recumbency. In response to a decrease in PaO2, total peripheral resistance and systolic and distolic arterial blood pressure decreased (P < 0.05) during SV. Cardiac output tended to increase because heart rate increased (P < 0.05) during these same conditions. During CV, cardiovascular function was usually less than it was at comparable PaO2 during SV (P < 0.05). Heart rate, cardiac output, and left ventricular work increased (P < 0.05) in response to a decrease in PaO2, whereas total peripheral resistance decreased (P < 0.05). During SV, cardiac output and stroke volume increased and arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance decreased with duration of anesthesia at PaO2 > 250 mm of Hg. During SV, minute expired volume increased (P < 0.05) because respiratory frequency tended to increase as PaO2 decreased. Decrease in PaCO2 (P < 0.05) also accompanied these respiratory changes. Although oxygen utilization was nearly constant over all treatment periods, oxygen delivery decreased (P < 0.05) with decrease in PaO2, and was less (P < 0.05) during CV, compared with SV, for comparable PaO2 values. Muscle and hepatic-derived serum biochemical values were substantially increased and evidence of depressed renal function was observed in these horses immediately after anesthesia recovery. These serum biochemical changes exceeded values in horses previously studied during prolonged halothane anesthesia in the absence of low PaO2.   193                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in horses. Wagner, A.E.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (12): p. 1922-1929; 1990 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Carbon dioxide; Artificial respiration; Hemodynamics; Catecholamines; Hypercapnia; Propranolol; Cardiovascular system  Abstract:  The hemodynamic effects of high arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) during anesthesia in horses were studied. Eight horses were anesthetized with xylazine, guaifenesin, and thiamylal, and were maintained with halothane in oxygen (end-tidal halothane concentration = 1.15%). Baseline data were collected while the horses were breathing spontaneously; then the horses were subjected to intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and data were collected during normocapnia (PaCO2, 35 to 45 mm of Hg), moderate hypercapnia (PaCO2, 60 to 70 mm of Hg), and severe hypercapnia (PaCO2, 75 to 85 mm of Hg). Hypercapnia was induced by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired gas mixture. Moderate and severe hypercapnia were associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in aortic blood pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, maximal rate of increase and decrease in left ventricular pressure (positive and negative dP/dtmax, respectively), and median arterial blood flow, and decreased time constant for ventricular relaxation. These hemodynamic changes were accompanied by increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. Administration of the beta-blocking drug, propranolol hydrochloride, markedly depressed the response to hypercapnia. This study confirmed that in horses, hypercapnia is associated with augmentation of cardiovascular function.   194                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Hemodynamic parameters and tissue oxygenation during halothane anesthesia in normal horses and those experiencing post anesthetic lameness. Branson, K.R.; Benson, G.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Olson, W.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Dorner, J.L. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1992 May. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 12 (3): p. 153-159; 1992 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Lameness; Hemodynamics; Tissues; Oxygen   195                                 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  Hemodynamic parameters of anesthetized pigs: a comparative study of farm piglets and Gottingen and Yucatan miniature swine. Benharkate, M.; Zanini, V.; Blanc, R.; Boucheix, O.; Coyez, F.; Genevois, J.P.; Pairet, M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 68-72; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Piglets; Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Hemodynamics  Abstract:  We studied the evolution in time of the main hemodynamic parameters in farm piglets and Gottingen and Yucatan miniature swine anesthetized with droperidol, flunitrazepam, and alpha-chloralose. Measurements included arterial pressure, heart rate, intraventricular pressure, and maximum rate of increase during contraction (dp/dt max). For each parameter and each strain of swine, we determined the mean stability period defined as the longest period of time during which the observed values ranged between their mean value +/-15% and the mean absolute values during the stability period. In our experimental conditions, the parameters remained constant for 2 to 3.5 hours. Only minor interstrain variations were noticed.   196                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  The hemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and selected biochemical effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses. Branson, K.R.; Benson, G.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Olson, W.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Dorner, J.L. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1993 Jul. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 13 (7): p. 396-409; 1993 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia   197                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  High frequency jet ventilation in horses: an experimental study. Dunlop, C.I.; Hodgson, D.S.; Watson, J.W.; Gillespie, J.R.; Steffey, E.P.; Jackson, A.C. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (5): p. 342-346. ill; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Ventilators; Lung ventilation; Artificial respiration; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide   198                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Idiopathic cecal rupture in foals after anesthesia for gastic endoscopy. Edwards, J.F.; Ruoff, W.W. Jr Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (8): p. 1421-1422. ill; 1991 Apr15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Cecum; Rupture; Anesthesia; Endoscopy; Case reports   199                                NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P  An improved procedure for intramagnal insemination of the chicken. Engel, H.N.; Froman, D.P.; Kirby, J.D. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1991 Sep. Poultry science v. 70 (9): p. 1965-1969; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Artificial insemination; Laparotomy; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Ketamine; Laying performance  Abstract:  Intramagnal insemination is a useful technique in the analysis of spermatozoal function. Precise deposition of spermatozoa requires the use of laparotomy. However, hen-day egg production can be adversely affected by such a procedure. The present work demonstrates that postoperative hen-day egg production is affected by choice of anesthetic. Hens anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine prior to laparotomy laid 14% fewer eggs (P < .05) when compared with intact controls. In contrast, the postoperative hen-day egg production of hens anesthetized with xylazine alone was comparable with that of intact controls (P > .05). Furthermore, the use of xylazine alone increased the case of handling sedated hens and decreased recovery time. Therefore, xylazine is recommended for anesthetizing hen prior to laparotomy.   200                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Improvement in arterial oxygen tension with change in posture in anaesthetised horses. Gleed, R.D.; Dobson, A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1988 Mar. Research in veterinary science 44 (2): p. 255-259; 1988 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Arteries; Oxygen; Tension; Blood circulation   201                                NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4  The in vitro blood, fat and muscle concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine in the hindquarters of sheep. Upton, R.N.; Nancarrow, C.; McLean, C.F.; Mather, L.E.; Runciman, W.B. London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan. Xenobiotica v. 21 (1): p. 13-22; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Lidocaine; Local anesthetics; Uptake; Blood; Skeletal muscle; Fat; Rump  Abstract:  1. A method was developed for sampling muscle and fat from the hindquarters of sheep undergoing spinal anaesthesia. The method was used to measure the concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine in the blood, muscle and fat of the hindquarters of sheep during and after 180 min constant-rate infusions of the drugs. 2. For both drugs the muscle drug concentrations were a relatively constant ratio of the simultaneous arterial blood drug concentrations during and after the infusion. 3. There was uptake of both lignocaine and bupivacaine into subcutaneous fat during the infusions. At the end of the infusion the ratio of the fat: arterial blood drug concentrations were 1.54 (SD =0.57, n = 4) and 3.1 (SD = 1.4, n = 4) for lignocaine and bupivacaine, respectively. 4. The drug concentrations in fat declined relatively slowly after the infusion. The ratio of the fat: arterial blood drug concentrations 180 min after the end of the infusion was 21.5 (SD 4.0, n = 3) and for lignocaine, and 120 min after the end of the infusion was 9.54 (SD 5.2, n = 3) for bupivacaine. 5. It was concluded that the concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine in muscle were essentially in equilibrium with the arterial concentrations during and after the infusion. However, the concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine in fat were not in equilibrium with the arterial concentrations in the post-infusion period.   202                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  In vitro responses of equine digital vessels to dopamine and fenoldopam. Baxter, G.M.; Moore, J.N.; Tackett, R.L. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1991 Jan. Equine veterinary journal v. 23 (1): p. 48-52; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Dopamine; Dosage effects; In vitro; Cardiovascular system   203                                NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4  The in vitro uptake and metabolism of lignocaine, procainamide and pethidine by tissues of the hindquarters of sheep. Upton, R.N.; Mather, L.E.; Runciman, W.B. London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jan. Xenobiotica v. 21 (1): p. 1-12; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Lidocaine; Pethidine; Local anesthetics; Uptake; In vitro; Drug metabolism; Animal tissues; Liver; Skeletal muscle; Body fat; Skin; Blood; Rump; Limbs  Abstract:  1. In vitro studies using tissue slices or tissue homogenates of liver, skeletal muscle, fat skin and blood were conducted to determine whether the uptake of procainamide, lignocaine and pethidine into the hindquarters of sheep was due to distribution or metabolism. Both homogenates and slice preparations of liver showed significant metabolism or uptake, confirming the viability of the preparations. 2. None of the drugs was metabolized in blood and there was minimal uptake of the drugs into the skin. 3. There was metabolism of pethidine in skeletal muscle and substantial uptake of pethidine into fat, indicating that the rapid rate of uptake and prolonged elution of pethidine in the hindquarters was due to both distribution and metabolism. 4. No metabolism of lignocaine in muscle was found, but there was substantial uptake into fat, indicating that the rapid rate of uptake and prolonged elution of lignocaine in the hindquarters was due to its distribution into fat. 5. There was negligible uptake of procainamide into either muscle or fat, presumably due to its relatively low lipophilicity.   204                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  In vivo muscle 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during treatment of halothane-sensitive and halothane-nonsensitive pigs. Geers, R.; Decanniere, C.; Ville, H.; Hecke, P. van; Goedseels, V.; Vanstapel, F.; Bosschaerts, L.; Ley, J. de; Zhang, W.; Janssens, S. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 613-616; 1992 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Halothane; Atp; Phosphocreatine; Muscles; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Prediction  Abstract:  In vivo muscle 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on 10 female pigs originating from a homozygous halothane-sensitive line and on 10 female pigs from a homozygous halothane-nonsensitive fine. The mean concentration of phosphocreatine in the biceps femoris muscle of the anesthetized pigs decreased to 86% of the initial value after 11 minutes of halothane exposure (3%, oxygen flow 3 L/min). After the next 5.6 minutes, phosphocreatine concentration reached a minimal value of 52%, followed by a mean recovery to 76% of the initial value during the ensuing 11 minutes. Response was not observed in anesthetized homozygous halothane-nonsensitive pigs. Thus, a decrease to 86% of the initial value of phosphocreatine was 100% predictive for homozygous halothane-sensitive pigs with body weight ranging from 10 to 18 kg.   205                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Induction of equine postanesthetic myositis after halothane-induced hypotension. Lindsay, W.A.; Robinson, G.M.; Brunson, D.B.; Majors, L.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (3): p. 404-410; 1989 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Hypotension; Muscles; Inflammation; Adverse effects; Nervous system diseases  Abstract:  Wick catheters were used to measure intracompartmental pressures of the extensor carpi radialis muscles and long heads of the triceps brachii muscles of 7 horses maintained under halothane anesthesia during controlled ventilation. Horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency on a water bed for 4 hours. Using a crossover design, 6 of the 7 horses were subjected to normotensive and hypotensive anesthesia on separate occasions. Hypotension was achieved by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Hematologic and biochemical measurements were determined at designated intervals before, during and for 7 days after each anesthetic episode. Under hypotensive conditions, 2 horses developed severe, generalized myositis and were euthanatized. Three of the 5 other horses developed swelling of the downside masseter muscle, 4 demonstrated mild extensor deficits of the downside forelimb, and 1 had a severe extensor deficit of the uppermost hind limb. As a group, the hypotensive horses had markedly increased activities of serum enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and blood lactate) and abnormalities in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. Lameness or enzyme alterations were not observed in normotensive horses. Altough the intracompartmental pressure values were markedly increased in the muscle bellies of the compressed limbs of all horses, there was a statistically significant difference in intracompartmental pressures between the downside or compressed muscle compartments of the extensor carpi radialis of hypotensive and normotensive horses. High concentrations of halothane may predispose anesthetized horses to postanesthetic myositis, even when protective padding is used. Intracompartmental muscle pressure, as measured by the wick catheter, may not be a reliable predictor of equine postanesthetic lameness.   206                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 W64B  Inefficacy of oral ketamine for chemical restraint in turkeys. Clutton, R.E. Ames, Iowa : Wildlife Disease Association; 1988 Apr. Journal of wildlife diseases v. 24 (2): p. 380-381; 1988 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Restraint of animals   207                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  The influence of chronic pain on the analgesic effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, xylazine, in sheep. Ley, S.; Waterman, A.; Livingston, A. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Jun. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (2): p. 141-144; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Xylazine; Pain; Drug effects; Local anesthesia; Foot rot; Duration   208                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  The influence of detomidine and epinephrine on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmia in horses. Raekallio, M.; Vainio, O.; Karjalainen, J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (6): p. 468-473; 1991 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Epinephrine; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Arrhythmia; Cardiovascular system   209                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Influence of preinduction methoxamine, lactated Ringer solution, or hypertonic saline solution infusion or postinduction dobutamine infusion on anesthetic-induced hypotension in horses. Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 17-21; 1990 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Guaifenesin; Halothane; Hypotension; Methoxamine; Solutions; Saline water; Cardiovascular agents  Abstract:  A controlled study of the cardiovascular responses in horses anesthetized with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, IV), guaifenesin (100 mg/kg, IV), thiamylal (5.0 mg/kg, IV), and halothane in O2 (1.2 to 1.4% end-expired concentration) was performed to determine whether hypotension could be prevented by use of various treatments. Six horses were given 5 treatments in a randomized sequence: no treatment (control), methoxamine (0.04 mg/kg IV), lactated Ringer solution (20.0 ml/kg, IV), 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (4.0 ml/kg, IV), or constant infusion of dobutamine (5.0 mg/kg/min, IV) during anesthesia. Heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, blood gas analysis, PCV, and plasma total protein concentration were measured during the study. Compared with the control value, an increase in blood pressure during halothane administration was observed after administration of lactated Ringer solution, hypertonic saline solution, or dobutamine (P < 0.05). The improved blood pressure response to hypertonic saline solution and dobutamine was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) Other statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary responses among treatments were not observed during anesthesia. The PCV was increased in response to dobutamine infusion, and plasma total protein concentration was reduced in response to administration of hypertonic saline or lactated Ringer solution.   210                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Influence of tolazoline on caudal epidural administration of xylazine in cattle. Skarda, R.T.; St Jean, G.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (4): p. 556-560; 1990 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows; Xylazine; Detoxicants; Drug antagonism; Respiratory system; Central nervous system; Cardiovascular system; Stomach motility  Abstract:  Eight adult female cattle (6 Holstein, 1 Jersey, 1 Brown Swiss) were used to determine the antagonistic effects of tolazoline, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on xylazine-induced (via caudal epidural administration) depression of CNS, respiratory, and cardiovascular activity and rumen motility. A 2% solution of xylazine HCl was injected into the epidural space at the first coccygeal interspace, using a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 5-ml volume with sterile water, and administered at a rate of approximately 1 ml/30 s. Eight minutes after xylazine injection, either tolazoline (0.3 mg/kg) or saline solution (4 ml) was administered IV. All 8 cattle were treated, using both regimens in a random sequence; at least 1 week elapsed between treatments. Epidurally administered xylazine induced caudal analgesia (S3 to coccyx), as evaluated by no response to superficial and deep muscular pinprick, and induced sedation, cardiopulmonary depression, and inhibition of rumen motility, but all cattle remained standing. Tolazoline effectively reversed xylazine-induced rumen hypomotility, and partially antagonized xylazine-induced cardiopulmonary depression without affecting sedation and desirable local (S3 to coccyx) analgesic effects.   211                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Injectable anesthesia in horses. Thurmon, J.C. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 529-541; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants; Analgesics; Anesthetics   212                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Interstitial pH and pressure in the dependent biceps femoris muscle of laterally recumbent anesthetized horses. Norman, W.M.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1988 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 17 (4): p. 234-239; 1988 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscles; Ph; Pressure   213                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81  Intra-osseous pressure and pressure pulse gradients along the equine third metatarsal bone. Stolk, P.W.T.; Firth, E.C. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1990 Oct. Cornell veterinarian v. 80 (4): p. 317-328. ill; 1990 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Metatarsus; Internal pressure; Gradients; Anesthesia; Age   214                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Intraspinal alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia in sheep. Eisenach, J.C. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 277-280, 311-312; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Agonists; Spinal cord; Drug effects; Hypotension; Toxicity; Testing; Anesthesia   215                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Intravenous regional anesthesia of the bovine digit. Weaver, A.D. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1991 Dec. Veterinary medicine v. 86 (12): p. 1227-1229; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Digits; Local anesthesia; Injectable anesthetics   216                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Investigating xylazine's utility when used with Telazol in equine anesthesia. Short, C.E.; Tracy, C.H.; Sanders, E. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Feb. Veterinary medicine v. 84 (2): p. 228-233; 1989 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Neuroleptics; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Adverse effects; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Duration   217                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  An investigation of injection techniques for local analgesia of the equine distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus. Dyson, S.J.; Romero, J.M. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Jan. Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (1): p. 30-35; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Spain; Horses; Tarsus; Analgesics; Injection; Joints (animal); Metatarsus; Pain   218                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Jet anaesthesia in horses. Young, S.S. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (5): p. 319-320; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Ventilators; Lung ventilation; Artificial respiration   219                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Jugular thrombophlebitis resulting from an anaesthetic induction technique in the horse. Dickson, L.R.; Badcoe, L.M.; Burbidge, H.; Kannegieter, N.J. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 May. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (3): p. 177-179; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Thrombosis; Phlebitis; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Pathology   220                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5  The Large White female pig in research related to cancer treatment: general husbandry and anaesthesia. Dickinson, F.; Hubbard, N. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Apr01. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (1): p. 35-41. ill; 1990 Apr01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Animal experiments; Laboratory rearing; Anesthesia  Abstract:  This paper is the accumulation of twenty years experience in the husbandry and anaesthesia of large swine and describes the methods we have adopted for the ease of carrying out the described procedures.   221                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Laryngotomy as a treatment for chronic laryngeal obstruction in cattle: a review of 130 cases. Gasthuys, F.; Verschooten, F.; Parmentier, D.; Moor, A. de; Steenhaut, M. London : The Association; 1992 Mar14. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 130 (11): p. 220-223; 1992 Mar14.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Larynx; Blockage; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Survival; Postoperative complications; Double muscling   222                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Laryngotracheal lesions following routine orotracheal intubation in the horse. Heath, R.B.; Steffey, E.P.; Thurmon, J.C.; Wertz, E.M.; Meagher, D.M.; Hyyppa, T.; Van Slyke, G.L. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Nov. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (6): p. 434-437. ill; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Tubes; Trachea; Mouth; Inhaled anesthetics; Lesions; Complications; Iatrogenic diseases   223                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Lengthy electronic auscultation of the equine abdomen to monitor the effects of analgesics, sedatives and other drugs. Ehrhardt, E.E.; Lowe, J.E. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1988. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (33rd): p. 525-538; 1988.  Meeting held on November 29 through December 2nd, 1987, New Orleans, Louisiana.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Abdomen; Analgesics; Drugs; Anesthetics; Drug effects; Pharmacokinetics; Monitoring   224                                NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535  Llama anesthetic programs. Heath, R.B. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Mar. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 5 (1): p. 71-80. ill; 1989 Mar.  In the series analytic: Llama medicine / edited by LaRue W. Johnson.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Management; Anesthetics   225                                    NAL Call. No.: 49 J82  Local and general anesthetic effects on behavior and performance of two- and seven-week-old castrated and uncastrated piglets. McGlone, J.J.; Hellman, J.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 66 (12): p. 3049-3058; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Piglets; Anesthesia; Castration; Anesthetics; Animal behavior; Pain; Animal welfare; Body weight; Weight gain   226                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Local anesthetics and nuclear medical bone images of the equine fore limb. Gaughan, E.M.; Wallace, R.J.; Kallfelz, F.A. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (2): p. 131-135. ill; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Local anesthesia; Local anesthetics; Radiography; Technetium   227                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Low dose flunixin meglumine: effects on eicosanoid production and clinical signs induced by experimental endotoxaemia in horses. Semrad, S.D.; Hardee, G.E.; Hardee, M.M.; Moore, J.N. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1987 May. Equine veterinary journal v. 19 (3): p. 201-206; 1987 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Endotoxins; Toxemia; Symptoms; Pharmacokinetics   228                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Management of anesthesia in the foal. Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 651-663; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Foals; Anesthesia; Inhaled anesthetics; Injectable anesthetics; Newborn animals; Therapy; Monitoring   229                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Measurements of muscular microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry in isoflurane and halothane anaesthetised horses. Serteyn, D.; Coppens, P.; Mottart, E.; Michelet, S.; Micheels, J.; Philippart, C.; Lamy, M. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Oct03. The Veterinary record v. 121 (14): p. 324-326; 1987 Oct03.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cardiovascular system; Halothane; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Blood circulation; Muscles; Measurement   230                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Medical management of equine colic. Morris, D.D. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1987 Feb. Veterinary medicine v. 82 (2): p. 158-176 (12 p. not consecutive); 1987 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Treatment; Fluids; Intravenous feeding; Dehydration (physiological); Pain; Electrolytes retention; Drugs; Drug therapy; Microorganisms   231                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Metabolic and hormonal changes associated with arthroscopic surgery in the horse. Robertson, S.A.; Steele, C.J.; Chen, C.L. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (5): p. 313-316; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Hormones; Metabolism   232                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Metabolic and hormonal changes associated with general anesthesia and surgery in horses. Robertson, S.A. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 326-330, 359; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Metabolism; Hormones; Stress; Postoperative care   233                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Methods of stimulating acupuncture points for treatment of chronic back pain in horses. Klide, A.M.; Martin, B.B. Jr Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Nov15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 195 (10): p. 1375-1379. ill; 1989 Nov15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Acupuncture; Pain; Back   234                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Minimal anesthetic concentration and cardiopulmonary dose response of isoflurane in ducks. Ludders, J.W.; Mitchell, G.S.; Rode, J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (4): p. 304-307; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ducks; Anesthetics   235                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Minimum anesthetic dose and cardiopulmonary dose response for halothane in chickens. Ludders, J.W.; Mitchell, G.S.; Schaefer, S.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (6): p. 929-932; 1988 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Anesthesia; Halothane; Dosage effect; Respiration rate; Heart rate  Abstract:  The minimum anesthetic dose (MAD) and the cardiopulmonary dose-response for halothane were determined in male chickens. The MAD for halothane was 0.85 +/- 0.09% (mean +/- SD), with a range of 0.75% to 0.98%. There was a significant (P less than 0.002) positive correlation between increasing concentrations of halothane and PaCO2, and significant negative correlations of halothane concentration with respiratory rate (P less than 0.04), arterial blood pH (P less than 0.008), and mean arterial blood pressure P less than 0.008). A significant correlation was not found between halothane concentration and heart rate or arterial blood bicarbonate concentration. It was concluded that the MAD for halothane in chickens is similar to values for minimum alveolar concentrations of halothane in mammalian species, and that there is substanial dose-dependent depression of cardiopulmonary function in chickens.   236                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Mixed venous oxygen tension as an estimate of cardiac output in anesthetized horses. Wetmore, L.A.; Derksen, F.J.; Blaze, C.A.; Eyster, G.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (6): p. 971-976; 1987 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Heart output; Oxygen; Endotoxins; Estimation   237                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Monitoring equine anesthesia. Riebold, T.W. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 607-624; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Monitoring; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Central nervous system; Equipment; Blood pressure; Pulse; Electrocardiography   238                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Monitoring the equine emergency patient. Hubbell, J.A.E. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1990. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. p. 255-257; 1990.  Meeting held December 2-5, 1990, Lexington, KY.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Blood pressure   239                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Naloxone-induced abdominal distress in the horse. Kamerling, S.G.; Hamra, J.G.; Bagwell, C.A. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Jul. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (4): p. 241-243; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Horse diseases; Colic; Digestive disorders; Naloxone; Abdomen; Pain; Opioid peptides   240                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Narcotics analgesics, their detection and pain measurement in the horse: a review. Kamerling, S.; Wood, T.; DeQuick, D.; Weckman, T.J.; Tai, C.; Blake, J.W.; Tobin, T. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1989 Jan. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (1): p. 4-12. ill; 1989 Jan.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Detection; Pain; Measurement; Pharmacodynamics; Receptors; Screening   241                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of atracurium administered to healthy horses anesthetized with halothane. Hildebrand, S.V.; Arpin, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (7): p. 1066-1071. ill; 1988 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Muscle relaxants; Dosage effect; Nervous system; Muscles; Cardiovascular system  Abstract:  Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of atracurium, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, were evaluated in 10 halothane-anesthetized adult horses. Hind limb digital extensor tension (hoof twitch) was measured with a strain gauge to quantitate the muscle relaxant effects of atracurium. Response of facial muscles was compared with hoof twitch. Five injections of atracurium were given. Initial mean (+/- SEM) dosage of 0.07 +/- 0.01 mg of atracurium/kg of body weight caused 98.6 +/-0.8% reduction of the preinjection hoof twitch. Subsequent dosages of 0.04 +/-0.003 mg/kg induced a degree of relaxation similar to that induced by the initial dose. Duration of paralysis from maximal effect to 10% recovery of twitch was 12.2 +/- 1.5 minutes for the first injection. This was significantly (P less than 0.05) different from subsequent paralysis periods, which lasted approximately 7 miutes. The 10% to 75% recovery time after all injections was similar--approximately 16 minutes. The facial muscles were less affected objectively by atracurium than was the hind limb. Atracurium did not cause cardiovascular changes. When the hoof twitch had recovered to 95% of its tension before atracurium administation, 0.5 mg of edrophonium/kg, was given to antagonize neuromuscular blockage. Within 5 minutes of edrophonium administration, twitch tension exceeded that measured before atracurium administrations. Within 2 minutes of edrophonium administration blood pressure began to increase and continued to increase approximately 10 mm of Hg above the value measured before edrophonium administration. Heart rate was not affected by edrophonium. Other muscarinic side effects of edrophonium were not observed. Of the 10 horses, 9 had good, unremarkable recovery to standing position. One horse had a violent recovery period.   242                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of atracurium in isoflurane-anesthetized chickens. Nicholson, A.; Ilkiw, J.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2337-2342; 1992 Dec. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Muscle relaxants  Abstract:  Atracurium besylate, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered to 24 isoflurane-anesthetized domestic chickens. Birds were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and atracurium was administered at dosage of 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 or 0.45 mg/kg of body weight. The time of onset of twitch depression, the amount of maximal twitch depression, and the duration of muscular relaxation were recorded. After return to control twitch height, atracurium was further administered to achieve > 75% twitch depression. When twitch depression reached 75% during noninduced recovery, 0.5 mg of edrophonium/kg was administered to reverse the muscle relaxation. Throughout the experimental period, cardiovascular, arterial blood gas, and acid-base variables were monitored. The effective dosage of atracurium to result in 95% twitch depression in 50% of birds, (ED95/9595) was calculated, using probit analysis, to be 0.25 mg/kg, whereas the ED95/95 the dosage of atracurium to result in 95% twitch depression in 95% of birds, was calculated by probit analysis to be 0.46 mg/kg. The total duration of action at dosage of 0.25 mg/kg was 34.5 +/- 5.8 minutes; at the highest dosage (0.45 mg/kg), total duration increased to 47.8 +/- 10.3 minutes. The return to control twitch height was greatly hastened by administration of edrophonium. Small, but statistically significant changes in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, were associated with administration of atracurium and edrophonium. These changes would not be clinically relevant. In this study, atracurium was found to be safe and reliable for induction of muscle relaxation in isoflurane anesthetized chickens.   243                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Neuromuscular blockade by use of atracurium in anesthetized llamas. Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (3): p. 429-433; 1993 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants; Dosage; Boluses; Intravenous injection; Adverse effects  Abstract:  Anesthesia was induced in 8 healthy llamas by administration of guaifenesin and ketamine, and was maintained with halothane in oxygen. On 2 separate experimental days, atracurium was given to induce 95 to 99% reduction of evoked hind limb digital extensor tension (twitch). For the first part of the study, atracurium was given iv as repeat boluses, with muscle twitch strength being allowed to return without intervention to 75% of baseline after each bolus before the subsequent bolus was given. A total of 5 bolus doses of atracurium was given. For the first bolus, 0.15 mg/kg of body weight iv, and for subsequent boluses, 0.08 mg/kg, induced desired relaxation. Onset of relaxation was slightly more rapid for repeat, compared with initial, bolus. Duration of relaxation and recovery time were similar to initial and repeat doses. Maximal twitch reduction was observed in 4 +/- 0.2 minutes (mean +/- SEM). Duration from maximal twitch reduction to 10% recovery was 6.3 +/- 0.4 minutes. Twitch recovery from 10 to 50% of baseline took 11.6 +/- 0.6 minutes. Twitch recovery from 10 to 75% recovery took 19.5 +/- 1.1 minutes. Recovery from 10% twitch to 50% fade took 12.8 +/- 0.5 minutes. Fade at 50% recovery of twitch was 39 +/- 0.02%. Significant (P < 0.05) animal-to-animal variation was observed in twitch recovery times. For the second part of the study, atracurium was initially given IV as a 0.15-mg/kg bolus, followed by infusion for 1 to 2 hours. Infusion rate required some early adjustment to maintain desired relaxation, but the rate that prevailed was 1.07 +/- 0.07 ml/kg/h (0.4 mg of atracurium/ml of saline solution). Recovery of muscle twitch was similar to that previously mentioned for repeat bolus administration, At the end of the study, edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg) with atropine (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was effective in antagonizing residual neuromuscular blockade by atracurium. All llamas recovered without injury from anesthesia, although 1 llama had a rough recovery. It was concl   244                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Neuromuscular blocking agents in equine anesthesia. Hildebrand, S. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 587-606; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants   245                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Ophthalmic procedures and surgery in the standing horse. Wilkie, D.A. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1991 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 7 (3): p. 535-547; 1991 Dec.  In the series analytic: Standing surgery / edited by Alicia L. Bertone.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Eyes; Surgery; Eyelids; Lacrimal apparatus; Cornea; Anesthesia   246                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8  Ostrich (Struthio camelus) immobilisation using carfentanil and xylazine and reversal with yohimbine and naltrexone. Raath, J.P.; Quandt, S.K.F.; Malan, J.H. Pretoria : The Association; 1992 Dec. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association v. 63 (4): p. 138-140; 1992 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ostriches; Anesthesia   247                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Parasympathetic influence on the arrhythmogenicity of graded dobutamine infusions in halothane-anesthetized horses. Light, G.S.; Hellyer, P.W.; Swanson, C.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (7): p. 1154-1160; 1992 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Cardiovascular agents; Autonomic nervous system; Hemodynamics; Dosage; Arrhythmia  Abstract:  We investigated the influence of parasympathetic tone on the arrhythmogenicity of graded dobutamine infusions in horses anesthetized under clinical conditions. Six horses were used in 9 trials. Two consecutive series of graded dobutamine infusions were given IV; each continuous graded dobutamine infusion was administered for 20 minutes. The dobutamine infusion dosage (5, 10, 15, and 20 microgram/kg of body weight/min) was increased at 5- minute intervals. Isovolumetric saline solution vehicle (v) or atropine (A; 0.04 mg(kg) was administered IV, or bilateral vagotomy (VG) was performed as a treatment before the second series of dobutamine infusions. Treatment was not administered prior to the first dobutamine infusion. Significant interaction between treatment and dosage of dobutamine infusion existed for differences from baseline for mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index at dosages of 5 and 10 micrograms of dobutamine/kg/min, given IV and for heart rate at dosage of 15 micrograms of dobutamine/kg/min, given IV. Results for group-V horses were different from those for group-A and group-VG horses, but were not different between group-A and group-VG horses in all aforementioned cases, except for heart rate and cardiac index at dosage of 5 micrograms of dobutamine/kg/min, given IV. Normal sinus rhythm, second-degree atrioventricular block, and bradyarrhythmias predominated during low dobutamine infusion rates during the first infusion series (nontreated horses) and in group-V horses during the second infusion series. Only tachyarrhythmias were observed during the second infusion series in the horses of the A and VG groups. The modulating influence of parasympathetic nervous system activity on hemodynamics and development of arrhythmia was conspicuous during low dobutamine infusion rates. Significant differences were not observed in hemodynamic responses to dobutamine, with respect to parasympathet   248                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Paravertebral thoracolumbar anaesthesia in 10 horses. Moon, P.F.; Suter, C.M. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Jul. Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (4): p. 304-308; 1993 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia   249                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  Pentobarbitone inhibits the stress response to transport in male goats. Sanhouri, A.A.; Jones, R.S.; Dobson, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Jan. British veterinary journal v. 47 (1): p. 42-48; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Stress; Pentobarbital; Transport of animals; Anesthesia; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Blood sugar; Heart rate; Respiration rate  Abstract:  Pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg i.v.) blocked plasma cortisol release when administered either before a 20 min journey or during a 2 h journey. This confirms that pentobarbitone can block stimulated, as well as resting, cortisol secretion. In general, blood glucose concentrations were not increased above 90 mg/100 ml until at least 30 min after the start of transport; however, this increase was also blocked by pentobarbitone administered 30 min into the 2 h journey. Significant increases in respiratory and heart rates occurred within 15 min of the start of transport; pentobarbitone caused an immediate decrease in these parameters. In conclusion, pentobarbitone was shown to reverse many metabolic changes induced by transport.   250                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  A percutaneous transtracheal catheter system for improved oxygenation in foals with respiratory distress. Hoffman, A.M.; Viel, L. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1992 May. Equine veterinary journal v. 24 (3): p. 239-241; 1992 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Respiratory diseases; Oxygen; Therapy; Catheters   251                                    NAL Call. No.: 49 J82  Performance and health of weanling bulls after butorphanol and xylazine administration at castration. Faulkner, D.B.; Eurell, T.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Ott, R.S.; Ohl, M.W.; Cmarik, G.F.; Zinn, G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 70 (10): p. 2970-2974; 1992 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Steers; Castration; Analgesics; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion; Blood serum; Hydrocortisone; Haptoglobins  Abstract:  A total of 268 crossbred, 6- to 9-mo-old, bull calves (214 +/- 19 kg) were used in two separate 27-d experiments to assess the effects of butorphanol and xylazine administration (BXA) on the subsequent performance and health of beef calves. In each experiment, calves were randomly allotted to four treatment groups: 1) castration with BXA, 2) castration without BXA, 3) no castration with BXA, and 4) no castration without BXA. There were two replicates within each experiment. The intravenous administration of .07 mg/kg of butorphanol and .02 mg/kg of xylazine occurred 90 s before tail hold and castration procedures. Calves were placed in a squeeze chute and manually restrained by tail elevation. In Exp. 2, the cattle also were scored for chute activity (on a 1 to 5 scale with 5 being the most active). Cattle were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, feed intake was recorded daily, and cattle were monitored daily for respiratory disease. There were no castration X BXA interactions (P > .51). Castration reduced (P < .01) daily gain and gain/feed and tended (P = .13) to reduce feed intake. The administration of BXA had no effect (P > .05) on gain or gain/feed but did tend (P = .13) to reduce feed intake. No differences (P > .45) were observed in morbidity or mortality due to either BXA or castration. Castration and BXA increased (P < .01) blood cortisol levels on d 3, whereas control animals had reduced cortisol levels. Castration increased (P < .05) haptoglobin levels on d 3, but BXA had no effect (P > .05) on serum haptoglobin concentrations on d 3. Chute activity was reduced (P < .05) by castration and BXA. In this study, animal performance was reduced by castration. The administration of BXA did not alter stress indicators or improve performance of castrated bull calves. Serum haptoglobin may be a more specific indicator of the inflammatory process in cattle, whereas serum cortisol may be an indicator of the whole-body stress response.   252                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Performing epidural anesthesia in swine. Branson, K.R.; Thurmon, J.C. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1990 Dec. Veterinary medicine v. 85 (12): p. 1345, 1348-1350. ill; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Conduction anesthesia; Injectable anesthetics; Techniques; Complications   253                                 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  Peritracheolaryngeal abscess: an iatrogenic complication of endotracheal intubation in swine. Iliff-Sizemore, S.A.; Chrisp, C.E.; Rush, H.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (5): p. 455-458. ill; 1989 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Trachea; Larynx; Abscesses; Bacteria; Anesthesia; Tubes   254                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  The pharmacokinetics and locomotor activity of alfentanil in the horse. Pascoe, P.J.; Black, W.D.; Claxton, J.M.; Sansom, R.E. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Sep. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (3): p. 317-325; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Opioids; Pharmacokinetics; Dosage; Locomotion   255                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ketamine in the horse. Waterman, A.E.; Robertson, S.A.; Lane, J.G. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Mar. Research in veterinary science v. 42 (2): p. 162-166; 1987 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Ketamine; Pharmacokinetics; Anesthesia; Metabolites; Xylazine   256                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Physiologic responses after caudal epidural administration of detomidine in horses and xylaxine in cattle. Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W. III New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 292-302, 312-313; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cattle; Xylazine; Analgesics; Drug effects; Physiological functions; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Statistical analysis   257                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Physiological responses of sheep to two hours anaesthesia with diazepam-ketamine. Coulson, N.M.; Januszkiewicz, A.J.; Ripple, G.R. London : The Association; 1991 Oct12. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129 (15): p. 329-332; 1991 Oct12.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Diazepam; Ketamine; Drug combinations; Respiration; Cardiovascular system; Adverse effects   258                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  Plasma concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, glucose and blood gases in male goats during anaesthesia with pentobarbitone sodium. Sanhouri, A.A.; Jones, R.S.; Dobson, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jan. British veterinary journal v. 146 (1): p. 36-42; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Male animals; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Cortisol; Testosterone; Blood glucose; Gases; Blood; Fasting   259                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Plasma glucose concentrations in anesthetized foals. Adams, J.G.; Trim, C.M. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1990 Feb. Equine practice v. 12 (2): p. 25-29; 1990 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foals; Anesthesia; Blood sugar; Hypoglycemia; Solutions; Glucose; Recovery; Fasting   260                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Plasma histamine levels during exploratory laparotomies in suspected equine grass sickness cases. Hodson, N.; Hunt, J.; Causon, R.C. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (5): p. 362-363; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Grass sickness; Digestive disorders; Anesthesia; Histamine; Laparotomy; Blood plasma   261                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Plasma lidocaine concentrations in conscious horses after cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion block with 1% lidocaine HCl solution. Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W.; Couri, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7): p. 1092-1097; 1987 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Lidocaine; Anesthesia; Blood plasma; Ganglionic blockaders; Ganglia; Spines   262                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Postanesthetic equine myopathy suggestive of malignant hyperthermia: a case report. Klein, L.; Ailes, N.; Fackelman, G.E.; Kellon, E.; Rosenberg, H. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (6): p. 479-482; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Muscular diseases; Hyperthermia; Case studies; Halothane; Anesthesia; Etiology   263                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Postanesthetic hind limb adductor myopathy in five horses. Dodman, N.H.; Williams, R.; Court, M.H.; Norman, W.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1988 Jul01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 193 (1): p. 83-86; 1988 Jul01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Limbs; Muscular diseases; Symptoms; Anesthesia; Surgery; Histopathology   264                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Preliminary studies on the use of plasma beta-endorphin in horses as an indicator of stress and pain. McCarthy, R.N.; Jeffcott, L.B.; Clarke, I.J. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1993 Apr. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 13 (4): p. 216-219; 1993 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Endorphins   265                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312  Preliminary studies on the use of propofol in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia). Fitzgerald, G.; Cooper, J.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 49 (3): p. 334-338; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigeons; Injectable anesthetics; Intravenous injection; Safety; Ketamine   266                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Premature ventricular contractions and apparent hypertension during anesthesia in an ostrich. Matthews, N.S.; Burba, D.J.; Cornick, J.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Jun01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (11): p. 1959-1961; 1991 Jun01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ostriches; Anesthesia; Hypertension; Ventricles; Contraction; Anesthetics; Adverse effects; Case reports   267                                  NAL Call. No.: SF914.F6  Pre-slaughter CO2-anaesthesia in swine influence upon cerebral electrical activity, acid/base balance, blood oxygen tension and stress hormones. Forslid, Anders Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiology,; 1987. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographies.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal anesthesia; Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Swine; Animal welfare   268                        NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47 v.6 no.3  Principles and techniques of equine anesthesia. Riebold, T. W. Philadelphia : Saunders,; 1990. x p., p. 485-741 : ill. ; 24 cm. (Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 6, no. 3).  December 1990.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Veterinary anesthesia   269                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Problems encountered when anesthetizing potbellied pigs. Ko, J.C.H.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.A.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1993 May05. Veterinary medicine v. 88 (5): p. 435-437, 440; 1993 May05.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Intramuscular injection; Intravenous injection; Inhalation; Animal anatomy   270                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Prolongation of anesthesia with xylazine, ketamine, and guaifenesin in horses: 64 cases (1986-1989). McCarty, J.E.; Trim, C.M.; Ferguson, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Dec15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (12): p. 1646-1650; 1990 Dec15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Duration; Xylazine; Ketamine; Guaifenesin; Adverse effects   271                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Prolongation of xylazine/ketamine induced recumbency time with temazepam in horses. Matthews, N.S.; Dollars, N.S.; Young, D.B.; Shawley, R.V. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1991 Jan. Equine veterinary journal v. 23 (1): p. 8-10; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Benzodiazepines; Drug combinations   272                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Prophylactic use of dantrolene associated with prolonged postanesthetic recumbency in a horse. Valverde, A.; Boyd, C.J.; Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Oct15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (8): p. 1051-1053; 1990 Oct15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Postoperative complications; Muscle relaxants; Chemoprophylaxis; Muscular diseases; Case studies   273                             NAL Call. No.: DISS F1987048  Pulmonary function in the anaesthetized horse analysis of gas exchange and effects of selective ventilation of dependent lung regions. Nyman, Gorel Uppsala : [Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,?],; 1987. [160] p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Veterinary anesthesia; Horses; Physiology; Pulmonary gas exchange   274                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Pulse oximetry in horses. Whitehair, K.J.; Watney, G.C.G.; Leith, D.E.; Debowes, R.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 May. Veterinary surgery v. 19 (3): p. 243-248. ill; 1990 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Oxygen; Hemoglobin; Saturation; Measurement; Anesthesia; Instruments; Ears; Tongue   275                                NAL Call. No.: TJ810.A1S6  Radiative cooling efficiency of white pigmented paints. Orel, B.; Gunde, M.K.; Krainer, A. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jun. Solar energy v. 50 (6): p. 477-482; 1993 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Yugoslavia; Solar radiation; Radiators; Cooling systems; Paints   276                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. II. Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation. Ducharme, N.G.; Hackett, R.P.; Fubini, S.L.; Erb, H.N. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 May. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (3): p. 180-184; 1991 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Larynx; Respiratory system; Endoscopy; Evaluation; Video recordings; Analgesics; Xylazine   277                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72  Response of sheep to short term restraint by electro-immobilisation. Baxter, J.R. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1987 Jun. Australian veterinary journal v. 64 (6): p. 195; 1987 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Restraint of animals; Fleecing; Pain; Animal welfare   278                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  The responses to detomidine usage as a sole agent or in combination in the horse. Short, C.E.; Otto, K.; Gilbert, M.; Maylin, G.A. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (35th): p. 153-166; 1989.  Meeting held December 3-6 1989, Boston, Massachusetts.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Safety; Anesthetics; Anesthesia   279                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Resuscitation of anesthetized endotoxemic pigs by use of hypertonic saline solution containing dextran. Hellyer, P.W.; Meyer, R.E.; Olson, N.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (2): p. 280-286; 1993 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Endotoxemia; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Resuscitation; Dextran; Solutions; Sodium chloride; Hemodynamics; Drug effects  Abstract:  We evaluated the biochemical and hemodynamic response to hypertonic saline solution plus dextran in isoflurane-anesthetized pigs infused IV with Escherichia coli endotoxin (5 micrograms/kg of body weight for 0 to 1 hour + 2 micrograms/kg for 1 to 4 hours). After 120 minutes of endotoxemia, pigs were treated with a bolus (4 ml/kg over 3 minutes) of either normal saline solution (NSS; 0.9% NaCl), or hypertonic saline solution plus dextran (HSSD; 7.5% NaCl + 6% dextran-70). Administration of HSSD significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum osmolality and concentrations of sodium and chloride for approximately 2 hours during endotoxemia. Plasma total protein concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for 2 hours after treatment with HSSD, indicating hemodilution and increased plasma volume. Although HSSD transiently increased cardiac index (CI) for approximately 15 minutes, this effect was not sustained; however, the endotoxin-induced decrease in CI was ameliorated from 120 to 180 minutes. In pigs of the endotoxin + NSS group from 180 to 240 minutes, CI decreased significantly (P < 0.05), compared with baseline and control values. The endotoxin-induced increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were not attenuated by HSSD. At 135 minutes, total peripheral vascular resistance was transiently lower (for approx 15 minutes) in pigs treated with HSSD, compared with control pigs. The endotoxin-induced increase in plasma lactate concentration was not attenuated by HSSD, indicating continued peripheral O2 debt. We conclude that, despite sustained increases in serum osmolality and concentrations of sodium and chloride, HSSD has only transiently beneficial cardiopulmonary effects during endotoxemia in pigs.   280                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  Retrospective assessment of dobutamine therapy for hypotension in anesthetized horses. Donaldson, L.L. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 17 (1): p. 53-57; 1988 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Hypotension; Drug therapy   281                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  A review of chemical restraint for standing procedures in the horse. Moll, H.D.; Pablo, L.S.; Purohit, R.C. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1989 Jun. Equine practice v. 11 (6): p. 25-30; 1989 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Restraint of animals; Anesthetics; Neuroleptics   282                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  A review of equine pain models. Matthews, N.S. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 403-407, 430-432; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Pain; Models; Analgesics; Evaluation   283                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47  Role of socialization, stress and sex of chickens on response to anesthesia and on response to an organophosphate neurotoxicant. Odom, A.; Gross, W.B.; Ehrich, M. Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University; 1992 Apr. Veterinary and human toxicology v. 34 (2): p. 134-137; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Stress; Pentobarbital; Neurotoxins   284                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Salmonella typhimurium abscess as a postoperative complication in a horse with colic. Blikslager, A.T.; Wilson, D.A.; Taylor, D.S.; MacFadden, K.E.; Fischer, J.R.; Fales, W.H. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Dec15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 199 (12): p. 1757-1759; 1991 Dec15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Postoperative complications; Abscesses; Salmonella typhimurium; Intramuscular injection; Analgesics; Case reports   285                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  The search for the ultimate equine sedative: are we 'Waiting for Godot'?. Hubbell, J.A.E. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Sep. Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (5): p. 314-315; 1988 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Neuroleptics; Drugs; Anesthesia   286                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia in equine practice. Short, C.E. Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1993. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. p. 37-49; 1993.  Meeting helding on November 29-December 2, 1992, Orlando, Florida.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Drug effects   287                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  Sedation and analgesia with Dormosedan (detomidine hydrochloride) or acepromazine for suturing of the vulvar lips in mares (Caslick's surgery). Hamm, D.; Jochle, W. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1991 Mar. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 11 (2): p. 86-88; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mares; Analgesics; Neuroleptics; Dosage; Vulva; Suture; Anesthesia; Drug effects   288                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Sedation and anesthesia of the mare during obstetric manipulation. LeBlanc, M.M.; Norman, W.M. Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1993. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. p. 619-622; 1993.  Meeting helding on November 29-December 2, 1992, Orlando, Florida.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mares; Anesthetics; Dystocia   289                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46  Selected problems in the draft horse. Goble, D.O. Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989. Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (34th): p. 607-610; 1989.  Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San Diego, CA.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Draft animals; Feet; Hooves; Anesthesia; Laminitis; Osteochondritis; Horse diseases   290                                  NAL Call. No.: QP351.D4  Sensory control of the initiation of hatching in chicks: effects of a local anesthetic injected into the neck. Bekoff, A.; Sabichi, A.L. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1987 Sep. Developmental psychobiology v. 20 (5): p. 489-495. ill; 1987 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Hatching; Anesthetics; Neck; Embryos (animal); Sensory evaluation   291                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Sequelae of myelography in the horse. Hubbell, J.A.E.; Reed, S.M.; Myer, C.W.; Muir, W.W. London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Nov. Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (6): p. 438-440; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Ataxia; Incidence; Diagnosis; Spinal cord; Radiography   292                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24  Serum growth hormone release in response to a growth hormone-releasing factor analog during and after anesthesia in pigs. Dubreuil, P.; Lapierre, H.; Pelletier, G.; Petitclerc, D.; Couture, Y.; Gaudreau, P.; Morisset, J.; Brazeau, P. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (3): p. 304-307; 1988 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Anesthesia; Somatotropin; Hormone secretion; Statistical analysis   293                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  The sheep as a model for experimental pain studies. Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Nolan, A.; Morris, R.; Ley, S.J.; Headley, P.M. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 364-371, 399; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Pain; Animal experiments; Models; Analgesics; Testing; Morphology; Laboratory tests   294                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643  Sheep slaughtering procedures. V. Responsiveness to potentially painful stimuli following electrical stunning. Gregory, N.G.; Wotton, S.B. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 144 (6): p. 573-580; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Slaughter; Pain; Electrical treatment; Teeth; Ears (animal)   295                                 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63  Single-dose pharmacokinetics of detomidine in the horse and cow. Salonen, J.S.; Vaha-Vahe, T.; Vainio, O.; Vakkuri, O. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Mar. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (1): p. 65-72; 1989 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cows; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Pharmacokinetics; Radioimmunoassay   296                                 NAL Call. No.: 444.8 G28  Somatostatin inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone- and growth hormone-releasing factor-induced growth hormone secretion in young and adult anesthetized chickens. Scanes, C.G.; Harvey, S. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1989 Aug. General and comparative endocrinology v. 75 (2): p. 256-264; 1989 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Thyrotropin releasing hormone; Somatotropin; Somatostatin; Inhibitors; Hormone secretion; Anesthesia; Young animals; Adults   297                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Standing castration of the llama using butorphanol tartrate and local anesthesia. Barrington, G.M.; Meyer, T.F.; Parish, S.M. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 May. Equine practice v. 15 (5): p. 35-39; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Llamas; Castration; Local anesthesia   298                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4  Standing chemical restraint in the horse. Munroe, G.; Young, L. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul. In practice v. 13 (4): p. 163-166; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia   299                                    NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4  Stereotypic behavior, endogenous opioids, and postfeeding hypoalgesia in pigs. Rushen, J.; Passille, A.M.B. de; Schouten, W. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Jul. Physiology & behavior v. 48 (1): p. 91-96; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Tethering; Animal behavior; Feeding; Pain; Stress; Naloxone  Abstract:  Tethered sows, some of which performed marked behavioral stereotypies after feeding, were injected IM with 1 mg/kg of naloxone 30 min before feeding (with 2 saline control days). Tail-flick latencies on a pain-sensitivity test were recorded before and after feeding. On control days, tail-flick latencies after feeding were longer than those before feeding, and this effect was abolished by naloxone pretreatment. Thus, there is an opioid-based hypoalgesia after feeding. However, sows with marked behavioral stereotypies had shorter tail-flick latencies after feeding. Thus, we have no evidence that performance of behavioral stereotypies results in increased opioid activity. Naloxone reduced the time spent in behavioral stereotypies by approximately 30% but this may be due to a reduction in time spent active. Naloxone increased the frequency and reduced the mean duration of bouts of chain manipulating, operating the drinker and rooting. We suggest that endogenous opioids are involved in the positive feedback that maintains the persistence of behavior and inhibits switching between different activities.   300                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Stress responses to anesthesia in horses. Taylor, P.M. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 322-325, 358-359; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Drug effects; Stress   301                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Supportive therapy in the anesthetized horse. Daunt, D.A. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 557-574; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Therapy; Equipment; Respiratory system; Fluid therapy; Cardiovascular system; Sodium bicarbonate; Hypotension; Sympathomimetics; Norepinephrine; Ephedrine; Dopamine; Isoprenaline; Calcium   302                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Surgical repair of equine eyelid lacerations. Schoster, J.V. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1988 Oct. Veterinary medicine v. 83 (10): p. 1042-1044, 1046-1049. ill; 1988 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Eyes (animal); Lacerations; Sutures; Anesthesia; Immobilization   303                                 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94  A technique for liver biopsy performed in Pekin ducks using anesthesia with Telazol. Carp, N.Z.; Saputelli, J.; Halbherr, T.C.; Mason, W.S.; Jilbert, A.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 474-475; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ducks; Liver; Biopsy; Anesthesia; Lidocaine; Injectable anesthetics; Safety; Duck hepatitis virus  Abstract:  Infection of Pekin ducks with duck hepatitis B virus is a useful model for studying the hepadenoviruses, of which human hepatitis B virus is the prototype. The utility of this model has been limited, however, by the difficulties associated with anesthetizing and obtaining liver biopsies from ducks. We developed a technique using Telazol, (13 mg/kg) to anesthetize ducks before surgical biopsy of the liver in ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus. Eight Pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus underwent serial biopsies at 4- to 5-week intervals. There was one perioperative death in 34 surgical procedures with no evidence on intra-abdominal sepsis or wound complications. Telazol can be used safely and humanely to anesthetize ducks without the need for general endotracheal anesthesia.   304                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81  Telazol and xylazine anesthesia in sheep. Lin, H.C.; Tyler, J.W.; Wallace, S.S.; Thurmon, J.C.; Wolfe, D.F. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1993 Apr. Cornell veterinarian v. 83 (2): p. 117-124; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia   305                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Temporal effects of halothane and isoflurane in laterally recumbent ventilated male horses. Dunlop, C.I.; Steffey, E.P.; Miller, M.F.; Woliner, M.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (8): p. 1250-1255; 1987 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Respiration rate   306                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Temporary bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a horse associated with general anaesthesia and post anaesthetic myositis. Dixon, P.M.; Railton, D.I.; McGorum, B.C. London : The Association; 1993 Jan09. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132 (2): p. 29-32; 1993 Jan09.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Adverse effects   307                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Thermodilution estimation of cardiac output at high flows in anesthetized horses. Dunlop, C.I.; Hodgson, D.S.; Chapman, P.L.; Grandy, J.L.; Waldron, R.D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (11): p. 1893-1897; 1991 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Cardiac output; Estimation; Techniques; Blood flow  Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to compare the thermodilution technique for estimation of cardiac output with the indocyanine green dye dilution technique at flows between 10 and 39 L/min in halothane-anesthetized horses. The estimation of area of dye dilution cardiac output curves was made by using the fore-'n-aft (FA) triangle method. This shorthand technique was compared with logarithmic exponential extrapolation and summation (extrapolated area), using 64 cardiac output curves. Then, 256 simultaneous thermodilution measurements were compared with dye dilution measurements calculated by use of the FA technique. Forty milliliters of iced 0.9% NaCl solution containing 15 mg of indocyanine green dye was used as the indicator. This was delivered in < 1 second to the right atrium, using a power injector. A thermistor positioned in the pulmonary artery detected the thermal indicator. Blood was withdrawn from the carotid artery through a densitometer cuvette to measure the dye concentration. The FA estimations of area were higher than those determined by use of extrapolated area. A multiplicative adjustment of 0.837 was estimated. On average, thermodilution estimates of cardiac output exceeded the adjusted FA determinations. Using a weighted linear regression, we determined the following calibration adjustment: thermal dilution cardiac output/1.048 = indocyanine green dye dilution cardiac output.   308                                  NAL Call. No.: 475 J824  Thin-layer chromatographic screening method for the tranquillizers azaperone, propiopromazine and carazolol in pig tissues. Haagsma, N.; Bathelt, E.R.; Engelsma, J.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988 Jan29. Journal of chromatography v. 436 (1): p. 73-79; 1988 Jan29.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Tissues; Intramuscular injection; Drug residues; Thin layer chromatography; Azaperone; Neuroleptics; Detection   309                                    NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6  Thyroid regulation of body temperature in anaesthetized chickens. Lam, S.K.; Harvey, S. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : A : Comparative physiology v. 95 (3): p. 435-439; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Anesthesia; Thyroid function; Body temperature; Blood plasma; Triiodothyronine; Thyroxine; Somatostatin   310                               NAL Call. No.: 448.8 J8293  Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in anaesthetized chickens: inhibition by GH-releasing factor at central sites. Ahene, C.A.; Lea, R.W.; Harvey, S. Bristol : The Journal; 1991 Jan. The Journal of endocrinology v. 128 (1): p. 13-19; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cocks; Somatotropin; Thyrotropin releasing hormone; Hypothalamic releasing hormones; Somatostatin; Dopamine; Hormone secretion; Anesthesia  Abstract:  Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of GH-releasing factor (GRF) (at 1 or 10 microgram) to anaesthetized immature (6- to 8-weeks-old) or adult (>24-weeks-old) domestic fowl had no effect on basal GH concentrations in peripheral plasma, but suppressed (after 20 min) the acute GH response to exogenous (i.v.) thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1 microgram/kg). The i.c.v. injection of GRF also reduced the content of somatostatin (SRIF) and dopamine (DA) in the hypothalamus, while increasing the concentration of the DA metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and the DOPAC/DA ratio. The release of SRIF from hypothalamic tissue was stimulated in vitro by 100 nmol GRF/1. The inhibitory effect of i.c.v. GRF on TRH-induced GH secretion was blocked when it was simultaneously injected i.c.v. with SRIF antiserum. These results demonstrate central effects of GRF on avian hypothalamic function and suggest an inhibitory role for this peptide in GH regulation, possibly mediated through increased SRIF secretion.   311                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8  Tiletamine hydrochloride in combination with zolazepam hydrochloride as an anaesthetic agent in sheep. Taylor, J.H.; Botha, C.J.; Swan, G.E.; Mulders, M.S.G.; Grobler, M.J. Pretoria : The Association; 1992 Jun. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association v. 63 (2): p. 63-65; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Drug formulations; Dosage; Atropine; Preanesthetic medication; Blood pressure; Heart rate   312                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Time-related responses of spontaneously breathing, laterally recumbent horses to prolonged anesthesia with halothane. Steffey, E.P.; Kelly, A.B.; Woliner, M.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (6): p. 952-957; 1987 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system   313                                    NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6  Tissue blood content in anaesthetised sheep and horses. Weaver, B.M.Q.; Staddon, G.E.; Pearson, M.R.B. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1989. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : A : Comparative physiology v. 94 (3): p. 401-404. ill; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Horses; Tissues; Anesthesia; Erythrocytes; Blood volume   314                                    NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6  Tissue perfusion in anaesthetised sheep. Weaver, B.M.Q.; Staddon, G.E.; Pearson, M.R.B. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : A : Comparative physiology v. 95 (3): p. 359-361; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Tissue analysis; Radioactivity; Heart output; Blood flow   315                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  A tracheal tube-in-tube technique for functional separation of the lungs in the horse. Moens, Y.; Gootjes, P.; Lagerweij, E. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1992 Mar. Equine veterinary journal v. 24 (2): p. 103-106; 1992 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Lungs; Anesthesia; Trachea; Tubes; Bronchi; Fiber optics   316                                 NAL Call. No.: 444.8 G28  Triiodothyronine inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone- and growth hormone-releasing factor-induced growth hormone secretion in anesthetized chickens. Scanes, C.G.; Harvey, S. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1989 Mar. General and comparative endocrinology v. 73 (3): p. 477-484; 1989 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Anesthesia; Triiodothyronine; Thyrotropin releasing hormone; Somatotropin; Hormone secretion; Age   317                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3  Use of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic back pain in horses: stimulation of acupuncture points with saline solution injections. Martin, B.B. Jr; Klide, A.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 May01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (9): p. 1177-1180. ill; 1987 May01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Back; Pain; Acupuncture; Treatment; Saline water; Injections   318                                NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456  The use of detomidine as a premedicant and sedative in horses. Jones, R.S. London : Wright; 1989. The Veterinary annual (29): p. 175-177; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Preanesthetic medication; Agonists; Neuroleptics; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Pharmacokinetics; Dosage; Adverse effects   319                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Use of end-tidal CO2 tension to predict arterial CO2 values in isoflurane-anesthetized equine neonates. Geiser, D.R.; Rohrbach, B.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (9): p. 1617-1621; 1992 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Newborn animals; Carbon dioxide; Blood; Anesthesia; Inhaled anesthetics; Lung ventilation   320                                NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224  Use of epidural morphine to relieve pain in a horse. Valverde, A.; Little, C.B.; Dyson, D.H.; Motter, C.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Mar. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 31 (3): p. 211-212; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Pain; Conduction anesthesia; Morphine; Case reports   321                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47  Use of halothane and isoflurane in the horse. Brunson, D.B. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec. The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p. 529-541; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Nitrous oxide; Inhaled anesthetics; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system   322                                 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J62  Use of inhalation anesthesia to facilitate surgical training on swine farms. Riebold, T.W.; Ferries, J.V.; Crisman, R.O. Blacksburg, Va. : The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; 1989. Journal of veterinary medical education v. 16 (2): p. 50-52. ill; 1989. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Veterinary education; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Apparatus; Halothane; Hyperthermia   323                                 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43  The use of intraneural doxorubicin in association with palmer digital neurectomy in 28 horses. Fubini, S.L.; Cummings, J.F.; Todhunter, R.J. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1988 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 17 (6): p. 346-349; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Navicular disease; Bone fractures; Wings; Phalanges; Pain; Neurectomy; Nerve tissue; Neoplasms; Doxorubicin   324                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Use of propofol in sheep. Waterman, A.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1988 Mar12. The Veterinary record v. 122 (11): p. 260; 1988 Mar12.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Pharmacodynamics   325                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65  The use of tiletamine-zolazepam for "darting" feral horses. Matthews, N.S.; Myers, M.M. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1993 May. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 13 (5): p. 264-267; 1993 May. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Equine Rescue, February 6-7, 1993, Santa Barbara, California.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: North Carolina; Horses; Feral herds; Anesthesia; Restraint of animals   326                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.J6  Use of tolazoline hydrochloride to reverse multiple anesthetic episodes induced with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride in white-tailed deer and goats. Dew, T.L. Lawrence, Kan. : The Journal; 1988 Mar. Journal of zoo animal medicine v. 19 (1/2): p. 8-13; 1988 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Odocoileus Virginianus; Immobilization; Anesthetics; Xylazine; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism   327                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Using injectable anesthetic drugs safely in horses. Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1993 Feb. Veterinary medicine v. 88 (2): p. 154-159; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia; Preoperative care; Safety   328                                  NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69  Using perineural anesthesia to localize equine lameness. Gibson, K.T.; Stashak, T.S. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Nov. Veterinary medicine v. 84 (11): p. 1082, 1084-1086; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Legs; Lameness; Diagnostic techniques   329                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641  Variation in the analgesic effects of xylazine in different breeds of sheep. Ley, S.; Waterman, A.; Livingston, A. London : The Association; 1990 May19. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 126 (20): p. 508; 1990 May19.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Xylazine; Breed differences; Clun forest; Swaledale; Welsh mountain; Drug effects   330                             NAL Call. No.: DISS F1992212  Ventilation and gas exchange in each lung of the anaesthetised horse the influence of body position and mechanical ventilation = Ventilatie en gasuitwisseling in iedere long bij het geanaestheseerde paarde : invloed van de lichaamspositie en van mechanische beademing..  Ventilatie en gasuitwisseling in iedere long bij het geanaestheseerde paarde, invloed van de lichaamspositie en van mechanische beademing Moens, Y. Utrecht? : s.n.,; 1992. 203 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Thesis statement, summary, afterword, and vita in Dutch.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English   331                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the anaesthetised horse. Nyman, G.; Hedenstierna, G. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Jul. Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (4): p. 274-281; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Ventilation; Statistical analysis   332                         NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992  Visceral and peripheral pain detection models in the horse, using flunixin and carprofen. Schatzmann, U.; Gugelmann, M.; Cranach, J. von; Ludwig, B.M.; Rehm, W.F.; Baumgartner, T.; Stauffer, J.L. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 411-420, 432-433; 1992.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Pain; Detection; Models; Antiinflammatory agents; Flunixin; Testing; Balloons; Pharmacokinetics; Analgesics   333                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4  Welfare aspects of castration and tail docking of lambs. Wood, G.; Molony, V. London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan. In practice v. 14 (1): p. 2-4, 6-7; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Lambs; Castration; Docking; Vasoconstriction; Infections; Pain; Local anesthesia; Blood plasma; Animal welfare; Complications; Veterinary equipment; Animal behavior; Hydrocortisone   334                                 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62  Xylazine and butorphanol: survey of field use in the horse. Geiser, D.R.; Henton, J.E. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1988 Jan. Equine practice v. 10 (1): p. 7-11; 1988 Jan.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Analgesics; Drug combinations; Pharmacodynamics; Surveys   335                                 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A  Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in horses. Hubbell, J.A.E.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (5): p. 737-742; 1989 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system  Abstract:  The cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of xylazine in combination with a 1:1 mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam were determined in 6 horses. Each horse was given xylazine IV or IM, as well as tiletamine-zolazepam IV on 4 randomized occasions. Anesthetics were administered at the rate of 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight, IV, 1.1 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 1); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, IV, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 2); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, IV, 2.2 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 3); and 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg, IM, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, IV (treatment 4). Tiletamine-zolazepam doses were the sum of tiletamine plus zolazepam. Xylazine, when given IV, was given 5 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam. Xylazine, when given IM, was given 10 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam. Tiletamine-zolazepam induced recumbency in all horses. Duration of recumbency in group 1 was 31.9 +/- 7.2 (mean +/- 1 SD) minutes. Increasing the dosage of tiletamine-zolazepam (treatments 2 and 3) significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the duration of recumbency. Xylazine caused significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in heart rate and cardiac output and significant (P less than 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure 5 minutes after administration. Respiratory rate was decreased. Arterial blood pressures increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after xylazine was administered IV in treatments 1 and 3, but the increases were not significant in treatment 2. Xylazine administered IM caused significant (P less than 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cardiac output. Tiletamine-zolazepam administration caused significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial pH and significant (P less than 0.05) increases in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. These changes persisted for the durati   336                                  NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6  Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam for induction of anaesthesia maintained with halothane in 19 horses. Abrahamsen, E.J.; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W.; Macioce, B.A. Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1991 May. Equine veterinary journal v. 23 (3): p. 224-225; 1991 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Halothane; Blood pressure 
**Author Index**
- Abrahamsen, E.J. 38, 336  Adams, J.G. 57, 180, 259 Aerts, M.M.L. 107 
- Aguiar, A.J.A. 82  Ahene, C.A. 310 Ailes, N. 262 
- Akbari, A. 87  Al-Kassim, N.A. 76 Amin, A. 6, 97, 185 
- Andrews, F.M. 34  Archer, R.M. 20 Arden, W.A. 153 
- Arpin, D. 241  Artwohl, J.E. 1 Aziz, H.A. 158 
- Badcoe, L.M. 219  Baggot, J.D. 143 Bagwell, C.A. 239 
- Bailey, C.S. 122  Baird, D.T. 127 Ball, B.A. 110 
- Barrington, G.M. 297  Bartels, J.E. 90 Barton, M.H. 167 
- Bartram, D.H. 71, 73  Bathelt, E.R. 308 Baumgartner, T. 332 
- Baxter, G.M. 202  Baxter, J.R. 277 Beasley, A. 92 
- Beattie, R.J. 48  Beatty, E.R. 31 Becht, J.L. 183 
- Bedford, P. 35  Bednarski, R.M. 38, 123, 131, 142, 193, 335, 336 Bekoff, A. 290 
- Bellhorn, R.W. 122  Benharkate, M. 195 Benson, G.J. 15, 194, 196, 269 
- Benthuysen, J.A. 89  Betley, M. 7 Biswas, J.C. 86 
- Black, W.D. 254  Blake, J.W. 240 Blanc, R. 195 
- Blaze, C.A. 130, 236  Blikslager, A.T. 284 Bloor, B.C. 55 
- Bohanon, T.C. 38  Bolton, J.R. 43, 141 Booth, N.H. 87 
- Bosschaerts, L. 204  Botha, C.J. 311 Boucheix, O. 195 
- Bouchenafa, O. 25  Bowden, H.C. 136 Boyd, C. 181 
- Boyd, C.J. 272  Brandt, S. 64 Branson, K.R. 194, 196, 252 
- Braun, W. Jr 23  Brazeau, P. 292 Brismar, B. 32 
- Brock, N. 40, 79, 98  Brouwer, G.J. 148, 182 Brown, M. 164 
- Browning, A.P. 111  Brunson, D.B. 53, 85, 106, 205, 321 Bulla, J. 105 
- Burba, D.J. 266  Burbidge, H. 219 Burrells, C. 41 
- Camburn, M.A. 187  Campbell, B.K. 127 Campbell, J.R. 187 
- Camporesi, E. 138  Carapetis, R.J. 140 Carnevale, E.M. 72 
- Caron, J.P. 60, 77, 164  Carp, N.Z. 303 Cartee, R.E. 90 
- Carter, E. 1  Carter, S.W. 49 Castro, G.B. 82 
- Caughey, W.S. 22  Causon, R.C. 260 Cera, L.M. 1 
- Chambers, J.P. 8  Chapman, C.B. 112 Chapman, P.L. 46, 307 
- Chen, C.L. 231  Chou, C.C. 153 Chrisp, C.E. 253 
- Clark, T.P. 177  Clarke, I.J. 264 Clarke, K.W. 96 
- Claxton, J.M. 254  Clutton, R.E. 73, 120, 181, 206 Cmarik, G.F. 251 
- Collier, M.A. 106  Congdon, P. 157 Conti, J.C. 90 
- Cook, C.J. 103  Cooper, J.E. 265 Copland, V.S. 40, 79 
- Coppens, P. 168, 229  Cordell, C. 63 Cornick, J.L. 21, 91, 92, 266 
- Cottrell, D.F. 187  Coulson, N.M. 257 Couri, D. 261 
- Court, M.H. 70, 170, 175, 212, 263  Couture, Y. 292 Cox, J.E. 126 
- Coyez, F. 195  Cranach, J. von 332 Cribb, P.H. 4, 44 
- Crisman, R.O. 117, 322  Cullen, L.K. 122, 141 Cummings, J.F. 323 
- Curtis, M.B. 20  Cuvelliez, S.G. 53 Da Silva Curiel, J. 122 
- Daunt, D. 79  Daunt, D.A. 301 Debowes, R.M. 274 
- Deby, C. 169  Deby-Dupont, G. 169 Decanniere, C. 204 
- DeQuick, D. 240  Derksen, F.J. 153, 236 Devine, C.E. 103 
- Dew, T.L. 326  Diamond, M.J. 71, 73 Dickinson, F. 220 
- Dickson, L.R. 219  Dixon, P.M. 306 Dobson, A. 119, 200 
- Dobson, H. 249, 258  Dodam, J.R. 115, 138 Dodd, K.T. 45, 48 
- Dodman, N.H. 70, 175, 212, 263  Doherty, T.J. 176, 178 Dollars, N.S. 271 
- Donahoe, J. 113  Donaldson, L.L. 33, 280 Dong, A. 22 
- Dorner, J.L. 194, 196  Dubreuil, P. 292 Ducharme, G.R. 101, 102 
- Ducharme, N.G. 101, 102, 276  Duff, S.R.I. 31 Duffield, A.M. 186 
- Duncan, I.J.H. 31  Dunlop, C. 75 Dunlop, C.I. 46, 50, 54, 143, 188, 197, 305, 307 
- Dybdal, N.O. 190  Dyson, D. 176 Dyson, D.H. 209, 272, 320 
- Dyson, S.J. 94, 217  Eades, S.C. 152 Eberhart, S.W. 47 
- Edwards, J.F. 198  Ehrhardt, E.E. 223 Ehrich, M. 283 
- Eicker, S.W. 20, 53  Eisenach, J.C. 214 Ekstrom, P.M. 100, 156 
- Elliott, A.R. 122  Engel, H.N. 199 Engelsma, J.W. 308 
- England, G.C.W. 96  Erb, H.N. 276 Eriksson, L. 52 
- Eurell, T. 251  Evans, N.P. 5 Ewing, K.K. 14 
- Exposito, A.J. 138  Eyre, P. 120 Eyster, G.E. 236 
- Fackelman, G.E. 262  Fales, W.H. 284 Fantoni, D.T. 82 
- Faraj, E. 66  Farver, T.B. 54, 143 Fassbender, C.P. 104 
- Faulkner, D.B. 251  Fawcett, T.A. 138 Ferguson, D. 270 
- Ferries, J.V. 322  Firth, E.C. 213 Fischer, J.R. 284 
- Fisher, P.E. 144, 149  Fitzgerald, G. 265 Fleetwood-Walker, S.M. 147 
- Floyd, J.G. Jr 161  Ford, T.S. 93 Forslid, Anders 267 
- Fowler, M.E. 174  Franti, C.E. 190 Fraser, A.F. 24 
- Froman, D.P. 199  Frostell, C. 32 Fubini, S.L. 276, 323 
- Fung, D.L. 108  Funkquist, B. 32 Gallagher, L.V. 42 
- Ganter, M. 104  Garza, F. Jr 150 Gasthuys, F. 221 
- Gaudreau, P. 292  Gaughan, E.M. 226 Gavier, D. 174 
- Gaynor, J.S. 123, 131  Geers, R. 204 Geimer, T.R. 156 
- Geiser, D.R. 67, 68, 319, 334  Genevois, J.P. 195 Gentle, M.J. 37 
- Gibson, K.T. 160, 328  Gilbert, K.V. 103 Gilbert, M. 278 
- Gillespie, J.R. 197  Glatz, P.C. 9 Gleed, R.D. 119, 200 
- Goble, D.O. 289  Goedseels, V. 204 Goldberg, G.P. 62 
- Goodship, A.E. 8  Goossens, L. 96 Gootjes, P. 315 
- Grandy, J. 50  Grandy, J.L. 18, 27, 28, 46, 116, 307 Greenlees, K.J. 120 
- Gregg, A.S. 71, 73  Gregoricka, M.J. 7 Gregory, N.G. 30, 118, 294 
- Grobler, M.J. 311  Groenendyk, J. 158 Gronert, G.A. 108 
- Gross, W.B. 283  Gugelmann, M. 332 Gunde, M.K. 275 
- Haagsma, N. 308  Hackett, R.P. 276 Halbherr, T.C. 303 
- Hall, G. 174  Hall, L.W. 158 Hamm, D. 287 
- Hamra, J.G. 239  Hancock, D. 63 Hankes, G.H. 90 
- Hanson, C.E. 154  Hardee, G.E. 134, 227 Hardee, M.M. 134, 227 
- Hardy, J.L. 128  Harris, C.P. 111 Harris, T. 59 
- Hartsfield, S.M. 91, 92, 327  Harvey, S. 296, 309, 310, 316 Haskins, S.C. 132 
- Hatch, R.C. 87  Hawkins, J.K. 117 Headley, P.M. 293 
- Heath, R.B. 46, 50, 75, 222, 224  Hecke, P. van 204 Hedenstierna, G. 32, 331 
- Hellman, J.M. 225  Hellyer, P.W. 115, 142, 247, 279 Henne-Bruns, D. 1 
- Hennig, G.E. 170  Henton, J.E. 334 Hilbert, B.J. 43 
- Hildebrand, S. 244  Hildebrand, S.V. 40, 75, 79, 98, 108, 129, 137, 241, 243 Hill, T. 129 
- Hill, T. III 40, 137, 243  Hillerton, J.E. 39 Hillman, R.B. 110 
- Hinchcliff, K.W. 51  Hocking, P.M. 31 Hodgson, D. 75 
- Hodgson, D.R. 63  Hodgson, D.S. 17, 18, 28, 46, 50, 116, 184, 188, 197, 307 Hodgson, J.C. 147 
- Hodson, N. 260  Hoffman, A.M. 250 Hoffsis, G.F. 61 
- Holland, M. 33, 79, 129  Holmberg, D.L. 11 Hornof, W.J. 144, 149 
- Hossain, M.A. 187  Houk, E.J. 128 Hovda, L.R. 180 
- Howard, B.W. 58  Hsu, W.H. 154 Huang, Y.C. 138 
- Hubbard, N. 220  Hubbell, J.A.E. 38, 56, 88, 142, 238, 285, 291, 335, 336 Hubbell, John A. E. 166 
- Huber, R. 159  Hunt, J. 260 Hunter, L.N. 37 
- Hussni, C.A. 82  Hustead, D. 175 Hyyppa, T. 222 
- Iliff-Sizemore, S.A. 253  Ilkiw, J.E. 89, 242 Ilsley, A.H. 140 
- Irwin-Davies, J. 66  Jackson, A.C. 197 Jacobson, J.D. 91 
- Janssens, S. 204  Januszkiewicz, A.J. 45, 58, 257 Jarvis, K.A. 122 
- Jeffcott, L.B. 264  Jensen, J. 21 Jernigan, A.D. 87 
- Jessup, D.A. 135  Jilbert, A.R. 303 Jochle, W. 72, 110, 114, 287 
- Johnson, L.E. 174  Jones, J.H. 108 Jones, R.B. 37 
- Jones, R.S. 71, 73, 249, 258, 318  Jourdenais, D.A. 49 Kallfelz, F.A. 133, 226 
- Kamerling, S. 113, 240  Kamerling, S.G. 239 Kaneps, A.J. 13 
- Kannegieter, N.J. 219  Karimi, A. 95 Karjalainen, J. 208 
- Katila, T. 109  Ke, Y. 162 Keates, H. 158 
- Kelley, A.B. 116  Kellon, E. 262 Kelly, A.B. 312 
- Keukens, H.J. 107  Kidd, L. 94 Kim, C. 55 
- Kirby, J.D. 199  Kittleson, M.D. 174 Klein, L. 16, 262 
- Klein, L.V. 80  Klide, A.M. 2, 233, 317 Knight, C.H. 39 
- Ko, J.C.H. 269  Koch, S.A. 33 Kokkonen, U.M. 52 
- Kolataj, A. 105  Kortz, G. 122 Koul, G.L. 86 
- Krainer, A. 275  Kramer, G.C. 132 Kramer, L.D. 128 
- Kuttner, C. 65  Kvart, C. 32 Kyles, A. 25 
- Lagerweij, E. 315  Lagutchik, M.S. 45, 58 Lam, S.K. 309 
- Lamy, M. 168, 169, 229  Lane, J.G. 255 Lapierre, H. 292 
- Larsen, C.T. 120  Lavergne, L. 168 Lea, R.W. 310 
- LeBlanc, M.M. 288  Leblanc, P.H. 47 LeBlanc, P.H. 60, 77, 130, 164 
- Lee, J.C. 151  Lee, S.W. 90 Leeson, R.H. 30 
- Leighton, A.T. Jr 151  Leith, D.E. 274 Lester, G.D. 141 
- Levine, H. 70  Levine, H.D. 175 Ley, J. de 204 
- Ley, S. 207, 329  Ley, S.J. 64, 293 Light, G.S. 115, 247 
- Lin, H.C. 304  Lindsay, W.A. 20, 205 Liskey, C.C. 149 
- Little, C.B. 43, 320  Little, T.V. 110 Littlejohn, A. 125 
- Livingston, A. 6, 8, 25, 64, 97, 185, 207, 293, 329  Long, K.J. 73 Loscher, W. 104 
- Lowe, J.E. 36, 223  Ludders, J.W. 146, 234, 235 Ludwig, B.M. 332 
- Luhmann, R. 159  Lumsden, J.H. 101, 102 Luna, S.P.L. 82 
- Lundh, B. 32  Lundquist, H. 32 MacFadden, K.E. 284 
- Macioce, B.A. 336  Mahmood, S. 86 Majors, L.J. 85, 106, 205 
- Malan, J.H. 246  Mandsager, R.E. 78 Mann, G.E. 127 
- Martin, B.B. Jr 2, 233, 317  Martin, D.G. 45, 58 Mason, D.E. 26 
- Mason, W.S. 303  Massone, F. 82 Mather, L.E. 140, 201, 203 
- Matta, M.A. 164  Matthews, N.S. 42, 91, 92, 266, 271, 282, 325, 327 Maylin, G.A. 278 
- McCarthy, R.N. 264  McCarty, J.E. 270 McGill, C.A. 43 
- McGlone, J.J. 225  McGorum, B.C. 306 McGrath, C.J. 151 
- McKinnon, A.O. 72  McLauchlan, C. 53 McLean, C.F. 140, 201 
- McMurphy, R.M. 4  McNeal, D. 89 McNeilly, A.S. 127 
- McNeilly, J.R. 5  Meagher, D.M. 75, 222 Mellor, D.J. 147 
- Melnick, W. 34  Meyer, R.E. 279 Meyer, T.F. 297 
- Micheels, J. 229  Micheels, M. 168 Michelet, S. 229 
- Miller, M. 27  Miller, M.F. 50, 305 Mitchell, G.S. 146, 234, 235 
- Mitchell, P.S. 150  Moens, Y. 29, 315, 330 Mohamed, F.H.A. 126 
- Mohammad, F.K. 76  Mohan Raj, A.B. 118 Moll, H.D. 281 
- Molony, V. 3, 147, 333  Moon, P.F. 132, 248 Moon, R.E. 138 
- Moor, A. de 221  Moore, J.N. 134, 152, 202, 227 Moore, R.M. 124 
- Morisset, J. 292  Morris, D.D. 230 Morris, R. 293 
- Moss, B.W. 30  Mottart, E. 168, 169, 229 Motter, C.H. 320 
- Muir, W.W. 26, 51, 56, 61, 88, 172, 261, 291, 335, 336  Muir, W.W. III 12, 38, 83, 123, 131, 142, 145, 191, 193, 210, 256 Muir, William,_1946- 166 
- Mulders, M.S.G. 311  Munroe, G. 298 Murphy, L.B. 9 
- Myer, C.W. 291  Myers, M.M. 325 Nancarrow, C. 201 
- Nann, L.E. 80  Nearenberg, D. 174 Nicholson, A. 242 
- Nolan, A. 97, 293  Nordheim, E.V. 146 Norman, W.M. 212, 263, 288 
- Nussbaum, M. 165  Nyman, G. 32, 331 Nyman, Gorel 273 
- O'Hair, K.O. 48  Odom, A. 283 Ohl, M.W. 251 
- Oijala, M. 109  Olsen, D.B. 11 Olson, K.N. 80 
- Olson, N.C. 138, 279  Olson, W.A. 15, 194, 196, 269 Orel, B. 275 
- Orsini, P.G. 93  Osburn, B.I. 135 Ott, R.S. 251 
- Otto, B. 133  Otto, K. 133, 155, 278 Pablo, L. 90 
- Pablo, L.S. 281  Pairet, M. 195 Parish, S.M. 297 
- Parmentier, D. 221  Parry, B.W. 63 Pascoe, J.R. 75 
- Pascoe, P.J. 101, 102, 209, 254, 272  Passille, A.M.B. de 299 Patterson, J.S. 164 
- Pearson, M.R.B. 313, 314  Pelletier, G. 292 Perron, P.R. 132 
- Peterson, P.R. 74  Petitclerc, D. 292 Philipart, C. 169 
- Philippart, C. 168, 229  Phillips, Y.Y. 48 Pincemail, J. 169 
- Pollet, R.A. 7  Poltarsky, J. 105 Porter, M. 171 
- Presser, S.B. 128  Preston, A.P. 9 Prugner, W. 159 
- Purohit, R.C. 90, 177, 281  Quandt, S.K.F. 246 Raath, J.P. 246 
- Raekallio, M. 208  Raffe, M.R. 173 Railton, D.I. 306 
- Randle, R.F. 161  Reed, S.M. 34, 99, 291 Rehm, W.F. 332 
- Reilly, P.J. 186  Rex, M.A.E. 158 Riebold, T. W. 268 
- Riebold, T.W. 13, 117, 237, 322  Ripple, G.R. 257 Robertson, J.T. 56 
- Robertson, S.A. 49, 231, 232, 255  Robinson, E.P. 173 Robinson, G.M. 205 
- Robinson, N.E. 130  Rode, J. 146, 234 Roger, T. 81 
- Rohrbach, B.W. 319  Rolf, S.L. 34 Romero, J.M. 217 
- Roos, E.E. 22  Rose, E.M. 74 Rose, J.A. 74 
- Rosenberg, H. 262  Ross, M.W. 93 Ruckebusch, Y. 81 
- Runciman, W.B. 140, 201, 203  Ruoff, W.W. Jr 198 Rush, H.G. 253 
- Rushen, J. 157, 299  Rutkowski, J.A. 152 Sabichi, A.L. 290 
- Salonen, J.S. 295  Samour, J.H. 66 Sams, R. 145 
- Sams, R.A. 56  Sanders, E. 216 Sanhouri, A.A. 249, 258 
- Sansom, R.E. 254  Saputelli, J. 303 Sawyer, M.M. 135 
- Scanes, C.G. 296, 316  Schaefer, S.L. 235 Schaffer, D.D. 154 
- Schatzmann, U. 332  Schmotzer, W.B. 13 Schoster, J.V. 302 
- Schouten, W. 299  Schultz, L.J. 54 Scott, E.A. 106 
- Semrad, S.D. 227  Serteyn, D. 168, 169, 229 Sharman, D.F. 136 
- Shawley, R.V. 78, 271  Short, C.E. 19, 62, 100, 133, 155, 156, 216, 278, 286 Skarda, R.T. 61, 88, 210, 256, 261 
- Slade, E.A. 134  Smith, C.M. 143 Smith, J.R. 42 
- Smith, M.L. 112  Snyder, J.R. 132 Soma, L.R. 80 
- Sowa, S. 22  Sponenberg, D.P. 181 Springbett, A.J. 5 
- Squires, E.L. 72  St George, R.L. 150 St Jean, G. 61, 210 
- Staddon, G.E. 313, 314  Stashak, T.S. 160, 328 Stauffer, J.L. 19, 332 
- Steel, C.J. 49  Steele, C.J. 231 Steenhaut, M. 221 
- Steffey, E.P. 27, 28, 50, 54, 75, 116, 122, 143, 190, 192, 197, 222, 305, 312  Stegmann, G.F. 125 Stephens, D.B. 136 
- Stewart, R.H. 99  Stick, J.A. 153 Stolk, P.W.T. 213 
- Stover, S.M. 190  Strandberg, A. 32 Suann, C.J. 186 
- Sullivan, M. 139  Suter, C.M. 248 Sutherland, S.F. 7 
- Swan, G.E. 311  Swanson, C.R. 138, 191, 247 Swindle, M.M. 10 
- Symonds, H.W. 162  Tackett, R.L. 202 Tai, C. 240 
- Tavener, A. 103  Taylor, D.S. 284 Taylor, J.H. 311 
- Taylor, P.M. 111, 179, 300  Testa, M. 173 Teverson, R.M. 39 
- Theil, D.R. 138  Thompson, D.L. 150 Thurgate, S.M. 141 
- Thurmon, J.C. 15, 189, 194, 196, 211, 222, 228, 252, 269, 304  Tobin, T. 113, 240 Todhunter, R.J. 323 
- Tokics, L. 32  Tracy, C.H. 15, 216 Tranquilli, W.A. 269 
- Tranquilli, W.J. 15, 194, 196, 228, 251  Trim, C.M. 57, 124, 134, 163, 180, 259, 270 Trout, D.R. 144, 149 
- Tyler, J.W. 304  Upton, R.N. 201, 203 Vaha-Vahe, T. 295 
- Vainio, O. 208, 295  Vainio, O.M. 55 Vakkuri, O. 295 
- Valliant, A.E. 176, 178  Vallortigara, G. 69 Valverde, A. 176, 178, 272, 320 
- Van Slyke, G.L. 222  Vanstapel, F. 204 Verschooten, F. 221 
- Viel, L. 250  Ville, H. 204 Waddington, D. 37 
- Wade, A. 26  Wagner, A.E. 51, 193 Waldron, R.D. 307 
- Wallace, R. 133  Wallace, R.J. 226 Wallace, S.S. 304 
- Wallis, A.S. 84  Ward, J.L. 181 Washino, R.K. 135 
- Waterman, A. 207, 329  Waterman, A.E. 6, 8, 25, 64, 97, 185, 255, 293, 324 Watney, G.C.G. 121, 274 
- Watson, J.W. 197  Watson, T.D.G. 139 Weaver, A.D. 215 
- Weaver, B.M.Q. 313, 314  Webb, R. 5 Weckman, T. 113 
- Weckman, T.J. 240  Weisbrode, S.E. 99 Wertz, E.M. 222 
- Wetmore, L.A. 236  Wheat, J.D. 75 White, D.A. 108 
- White, K.K. 63  Whitehair, K.J. 274 Wiesner, H. 65 
- Wilkie, D.A. 245  Williams, J.D. 91, 92 Williams, J.T. 41 
- Williams, R. 263  Willits, N. 75, 116, 192 Wilson, D.A. 284 
- Wilson, M.H. 151  Wilson, R.C. 87, 177 Winter, A. 39 
- Wolfe, D.F. 304  Woliner, M. 192 Woliner, M.J. 28, 50, 54, 116, 122, 305, 312 
- Wong, P. 40, 75  Wood, G. 333 Wood, G.N. 3, 147 
- Wood, T. 240  Woods, G.L. 110 Work, T.M. 135 
- Wotton, S.B. 118, 294  Young, D.B. 271 Young, L. 298 
- Young, L.E. 71, 73  Young, S.S. 179, 218 Zangana, I.K. 76 
- Zanini, V. 195  Zaugg, J.L. 165 Zhang, W. 204 
- Zinn, G. 251   **Subject Index**
- Abattoirs 30  Abdomen 18, 36, 101, 102, 158, 165, 223, 239 Abnormal behavior 24 
- Abscesses 253, 284  Acid base equilibrium 95 Acupuncture 2, 233, 317 
- Administration 88, 104  Adults 296 Adverse effects 4, 28, 38, 52, 61, 62, 82, 96, 111, 120, 132, 137, 146, 163, 169, 177, 205, 216, 243, 257, 266, 270, 306, 318 
- Aedes dorsalis 128  Age 86, 213, 316 Agonists 25, 51, 96, 97, 133, 214, 318 
- Alabama 177  Allergies 62 Alpha-adrenergic receptors 51, 97, 133 
- Amino acids 103  Analgesics 1, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 25, 35, 47, 48, 49, 51, 67, 70, 72, 76, 81, 85, 88, 89, 93, 94, 97, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114, 133, 136, 139, 152, 159, 163, 167, 177, 178, 183, 185, 186, 211, 214, 217, 223, 227, 240, 251, 254, 256, 276, 278, 282, 284, 287, 293, 295, 318, 332, 334 Androstenedione 127 
- Anesthesia 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86, 89, 91, 93, 95, 96, 100, 104, 111, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 179, 180, 182, 184, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 253, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 278, 280, 285, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 296, 298, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 331, 335, 336  Anesthetics 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 74, 76, 77, 84, 87, 92, 95, 98, 103, 111, 120, 131, 140, 142, 154, 173, 182, 184, 199, 208, 209, 211, 216, 219, 223, 224, 225, 229, 234, 266, 278, 281, 288, 290, 291, 305, 311, 324, 326, 335 Animal anatomy 269 
- Animal anesthesia 267  Animal behavior 69, 113, 225, 299, 333 Animal experiments 64, 97, 220, 293 
- Animal health 84  Animal tissues 203 Animal welfare 9, 24, 30, 118, 225, 267, 277, 333 
- Anthelmintics 57  Antibacterial agents 167 Antifungal agents 167 
- Antiinflammatory agents 7, 136, 148, 159, 332  Apparatus 36, 322 Appetite 136 
- Arboviruses 128  Arrhythmia 123, 208, 247 Arteries 27, 29, 90, 119, 200 
- Artificial insemination 199  Artificial respiration 193, 197, 218 Ataxia 61, 164, 291 
- Atelectasis 32  Atp 204 Atropine 52, 311 
- Autonomic nervous system 113, 247  Azaperone 308 Back 233, 317 
- Bacteria 253  Balloons 36, 332 Barbiturates 86 
- Beans 22  Behavior change 37, 147 Benzodiazepines 82, 271 
- Betamethasone 31  Bile 162 Bioethics 24 
- Biopsy 1, 39, 303  Blockage 35, 221 Blood 21, 95, 135, 201, 203, 258, 319 
- Blood chemistry 65, 190  Blood circulation 168, 200, 229 Blood flow 90, 152, 307, 314 
- Blood glucose 258  Blood ph 42, 151 Blood plasma 104, 105, 126, 147, 169, 249, 260, 261, 309, 333 
- Blood pressure 21, 27, 40, 42, 46, 47, 54, 57, 115, 142, 151, 152, 208, 237, 238, 305, 311, 336  Blood serum 251 Blood sugar 249, 259 
- Blood vessel disorders 90  Blood volume 313 Bluetongue virus 135 
- Body fat 203  Body fluids 41 Body temperature 76, 309 
- Body weight 109, 125, 225  Boluses 243 Bone fractures 323 
- Brain 155  Brain stem 34 Breed differences 329 
- Bronchi 41, 121, 315  Caesarean section 17, 181, 188 Calcium 301 
- Calves 11, 251  Carbon dioxide 29, 30, 118, 122, 138, 193, 197, 319 Carcass quality 30 
- Cardiac output 46, 152, 307  Cardiac rhythm 16 Cardiovascular agents 209, 247 
- Cardiovascular system 16, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 61, 82, 88, 116, 132, 134, 146, 174, 191, 193, 202, 208, 210, 229, 237, 241, 256, 257, 301, 312, 321, 335  Carpus 63, 93 Case reports 20, 33, 99, 181, 198, 266, 284, 320 
- Case studies 38, 262, 272  Castration 3, 147, 188, 225, 251, 297, 333 Catecholamines 193 
- Catheterization 25  Catheters 41, 88, 250 Cattle 22, 70, 117, 121, 130, 161, 165, 176, 178, 215, 221, 256 
- Cecum 43, 141, 152, 198  Cefazolin 56 Cell culture 127 
- Central nervous system 64, 154, 210, 237  Cerebrospinal fluid 122, 124 Cervidae 135 
- Chemoprophylaxis 272  Chickens 120, 235, 296, 309, 316 Chicks 69, 290 
- Chloral hydrate 67  Clenbuterol 138 Cloprostenol 127 
- Closed systems 80  Clun forest 329 Cocks 310 
- Colic 7, 101, 102, 114, 230, 239, 284  Colon 81, 141 Complications 16, 21, 99, 222, 252, 333 
- Computed tomography 32  Computer analysis 101, 102 Concentration 91 
- Conception 86  Conduction anesthesia 47, 60, 77, 99, 165, 181, 252, 320 Consciousness 118 
- Contraction 266  Convulsions 103, 118 Cooling systems 275 
- Copper 162  Cornea 167, 245 Corpus luteum 86 
- Cortisol 126, 150, 258  Cows 60, 61, 210, 295 Creatine kinase 105 
- Culex tarsalis 128  Culicoides variipennis 135 Cutting 3 
- Cytochrome c 22  Cytochrome c oxidase 22 Dairy cattle 175 
- Dairy cows 39, 88  Death 181 Debeaking 9, 37 
- Decision analysis 101  Degeneration 31 Deglutition 139 
- Dehydration (physiological) 183, 230  Depression 24 Detection 112, 186, 240, 308, 332 
- Determination 107  Detomidine 8 Detoxicants 210 
- Dextran 132, 279  Diagnosis 167, 291 Diagnostic techniques 62, 90, 160, 328 
- Diameter 90, 121  Diaphragm 158 Diazepam 58, 67, 98, 257 
- Digestive disorders 239, 260  Digits 215 Disease vectors 128, 135 
- Docking 147, 333  Dogs 87, 89 Dopamine 134, 202, 301, 310 
- Dosage 6, 25, 60, 96, 123, 159, 185, 243, 247, 254, 287, 311, 318  Dosage effect 113, 227, 235, 241, 295 Dosage effects 5, 114, 145, 202 
- Double muscling 221  Doxorubicin 323 Draft animals 67, 68, 289 
- Drinking water 37  Drug antagonism 210, 326 Drug combinations 15, 82, 85, 92, 111, 131, 146, 174, 216, 257, 271, 334 
- Drug effects 3, 7, 25, 48, 50, 51, 56, 61, 70, 75, 79, 82, 109, 114, 131, 133, 141, 159, 185, 207, 214, 223, 256, 279, 286, 287, 300, 329  Drug formulations 311 Drug metabolism 203 
- Drug residues 107, 308  Drug resistance 105 Drug therapy 167, 170, 172, 230, 280 
- Drugs 84, 119, 191, 223, 230, 285  Duck hepatitis virus 303 Ducks 146, 234, 303 
- Duration 60, 114, 163, 207, 216, 270  Dystocia 17, 288 Ears 274 
- Ears (animal) 294  Electrical activity 34, 141 Electrical treatment 103, 157, 277, 294 
- Electrocardiography 237  Electrodes 106 Electroencephalograms 118, 155, 156 
- Electrolytes retention 230  Electromyography 158 Embryo transfer 86 
- Embryos 86  Embryos (animal) 290 Emergencies 18 
- Endorphins 264  Endoscopy 41, 198, 276 Endotoxemia 279 
- Endotoxins 134, 227, 236, 279  Environment 69 Enzyme activity 105 
- Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 112  Ephedrine 46, 301 Epinephrine 123, 208 
- Equipment 16, 78, 237, 301  Erythrocytes 313 Escherichia coli 134, 279 
- Esophagus 139  Estimation 102, 236, 307 Estradiol 127 
- Estrus 127  Ethanol 99 Etiology 170, 262 
- Etorphine 3, 66  Evaluation 176, 276, 282 Ewes 58, 59, 127, 181 
- Excretion 162  Exercise 108 Exhaustion 183 
- Eye diseases 188  Eyelids 245 Eyes 33, 245 
- Eyes (animal) 35, 122, 302  Failure 16 Fasting 258, 259 
- Fat 201  Feed conversion 251 Feed intake 9, 251 
- Feeding 299  Feet 149, 289 Fentanyl 97 
- Feral herds 325  Fiber optics 315 Field experimentation 135 
- Fields 182  Fleecing 277 Fluid therapy 132, 301 
- Fluids 183, 230  Flunixin 7, 332 Fluorescence 107 
- Foaling 17  Foals 49, 74, 75, 109, 184, 198, 228, 250, 259 Foot rot 207 
- Fowls 9, 118, 242, 283  Fractures 188 Free radicals 169 
- Fsh 86, 127, 150  Gamma-aminobutyric acid 103 Ganglia 261 
- Ganglionic blockaders 261  Gas chromatography 186 Gas exchange 32, 138 
- Gases 21, 42, 95, 130, 151, 258  Gastrointestinal diseases 188 Gentamicin 143 
- Glucose 259  Gnrh 5 Goat breeds 86 
- Goats 14, 52, 86, 90, 126, 163, 177, 249, 258, 326  Graafian follicles 127 Gradients 213 
- Granulosa cells 127  Grass sickness 139, 260 Guaifenesin 62, 71, 82, 98, 123, 141, 209, 270 
- Halothane 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 42, 46, 53, 62, 74, 75, 82, 90, 91, 105, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 129, 130, 134, 137, 141, 142, 143, 145, 168, 169, 173, 174, 187, 190, 191, 192, 194, 204, 205, 209, 229, 235, 241, 247, 262, 305, 312, 321, 322, 336  Haptoglobins 251 Hatching 290 
- Heart 11, 22, 45, 125  Heart output 50, 54, 125, 236, 314 Heart rate 21, 51, 54, 75, 76, 95, 109, 115, 151, 152, 154, 178, 208, 216, 235, 249, 305, 311 
- Heat tolerance 6  Hematology 190 Hemodynamics 12, 138, 145, 152, 192, 193, 194, 195, 247, 279 
- Hemoglobin 274  Hens 37, 118, 199 Hips 31 
- Histamine 260  Histopathology 263 Holstein-friesian 88 
- Hooves 289  Hormone secretion 5, 127, 150, 292, 296, 310, 316 Hormones 231, 232 
- Horse diseases 239, 289  Horses 2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 200, 202, 205, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 254, 255, 256, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 278, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 289, 291, 295, 298, 300, 301, 302, 305, 306, 307, 312, 313, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 325, 327, 328, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336 Hydrocortisone 147, 249, 251, 333 
- Hypercapnia 122, 123, 193  Hypertension 266 Hyperthermia 16, 262, 322 
- Hypoglycemia 259  Hypotension 16, 28, 181, 205, 209, 214, 280, 301 Hypothalamic releasing hormones 310 
- Hypothalamus 5  Hypothermia 16 Hypoxia 4, 16 
- Iatrogenic diseases 222  Ileum 141 Immobilization 65, 66, 157, 277, 302, 326 
- In vitro 202, 203  Incidence 291 Indoles 87 
- Infection 135  Infections 333 Infiltration 93 
- Inflammation 159, 205  Inhalation 269 Inhaled anesthetics 75, 123, 222, 228, 319, 321 
- Inhibin 127  Inhibitors 296 Injectable anesthetics 5, 45, 92, 215, 228, 252, 265, 303, 327 
- Injection 80, 99, 217  Injections 56, 63, 88, 93, 137, 164, 317 Injuries 183 
- Instruments 274  Internal pressure 26, 122, 192, 213 Intestinal motility 141 
- Intestine motility 43, 81, 153  Intramuscular injection 269, 284, 308 Intravenous feeding 230 
- Intravenous injection 96, 159, 243, 265, 269  Isolation 86 Isoprenaline 301 
- Joint diseases 31  Joints (animal) 63, 93, 94, 160, 217 Ketamine 58, 71, 82, 92, 98, 104, 115, 141, 145, 146, 150, 174, 180, 199, 206, 255, 257, 265, 270, 271, 326 
- Kidneys 107  Kids 76 Laboratory diagnosis 84 
- Laboratory rearing 220  Laboratory techniques 41 Laboratory tests 64, 97, 293 
- Lacerations 302  Lacrimal apparatus 245 Lambs 3, 5, 147, 333 
- Lameness 94, 160, 194, 328  Laminitis 289 Laparotomy 20, 110, 163, 175, 188, 199, 260 
- Larynx 38, 188, 221, 253, 276  Laying performance 199 Legs 8, 328 
- Lesions 222  Leukocytes 41 Lh 5, 126, 127, 150 
- Lidocaine 63, 117, 147, 163, 164, 181, 201, 203, 261, 303  Light traps 135 Limbs 203, 263 
- Line differences 5  Lines 5 Lipid peroxidation 169 
- Liquid chromatography 107  Liquids 80 Literature reviews 167, 170 
- Liver 203, 303  Liver function 1 Liveweight gain 251 
- Llamas 13, 33, 174, 224, 243, 297  Local anesthesia 3, 144, 147, 149, 207, 215, 226, 297, 333 Local anesthetics 117, 201, 203, 226 
- Locomotion 254  Longissimus dorsi 105 Lung ventilation 192, 197, 218, 319 
- Lungs 11, 32, 45, 125, 130, 315  Male animals 258 Mammary glands 39 
- Management 224  Mares 17, 110, 150, 287, 288 Mass spectrometry 186 
- Massachusetts 175  Measurement 85, 91, 106, 168, 229, 240, 274 Mechanical stimulation 6 
- Medical treatment 7, 101  Membranes 169 Metabolism 186, 231, 232 
- Metabolites 104, 255  Metacarpus 93 Metatarsus 213, 217 
- Methoxamine 209  Microorganisms 230 Milk yield 39 
- Miniature pigs 10, 23, 55, 195, 269  Mitochondria 22 Models 36, 133, 143, 282, 293, 332 
- Monitoring 18, 44, 223, 228, 237  Morphine 3, 67, 110, 320 Morphology 293 
- Motility 152  Mouth 222 Muscle relaxants 79, 108, 129, 137, 211, 241, 242, 243, 244, 272 
- Muscles 141, 158, 204, 205, 212, 229, 241  Muscular diseases 16, 28, 168, 169, 170, 179, 262, 263, 272 Mycotic keratitis 167 
- Myocardium 120  Naloxone 3, 147, 239, 299 Navicular disease 323 
- Neck 90, 290  Neonates 184 Neoplasms 188, 323 
- Nerve tissue 323  Nervous system 241 Nervous system diseases 205 
- Netherlands 107  Neurectomy 323 Neuroleptics 65, 67, 107, 109, 112, 150, 216, 281, 285, 287, 308, 318 
- Neurotoxins 283  Neurotropic drugs 113 Newborn animals 228, 319 
- Nitrous oxide 22, 173, 321  Norepinephrine 301 North Carolina 325 
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 204  Odocoileus Virginianus 326 Ophthalmoscopy 35 
- Opioid peptides 239  Opioids 25, 67, 97, 254 Orthopedics 19, 188 
- Osteochondritis 289  Ostriches 21, 66, 246, 266 Ovariectomized females 150 
- Ovariectomy 110, 188  Ovaries 188 Oviducts 110 
- Ovulation 127  Oxygen 4, 26, 27, 33, 53, 54, 119, 138, 173, 192, 194, 197, 200, 236, 250, 274 Oxygen consumption 153 
- Pain 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 24, 31, 36, 37, 64, 85, 97, 101, 106, 133, 147, 157, 159, 164, 171, 207, 217, 225, 230, 233, 239, 240, 277, 282, 293, 294, 299, 317, 320, 323, 332, 333  Paints 275 Paralysis 38 
- Parasites 84  Partial pressure 4, 119, 122 Pathology 170, 219 
- Penicillins 56  Pennsylvania 80 Pentobarbital 120, 126, 151, 176, 249, 258, 283 
- Perineum 60, 164  Peripheral nerves 35, 38 Peristalsis 139 
- Pethidine 67, 97, 203  Ph 26, 95, 212 Phalanges 323 
- Pharmacodynamics 104, 108, 136, 240, 324, 334  Pharmacokinetics 87, 89, 104, 108, 143, 159, 223, 227, 254, 255, 295, 318, 332 Phenothiazines 82, 112 
- Phlebitis 219  Phosphocreatine 204 Physical activity 31 
- Physiological functions 45, 76, 125, 256  Physiology 273 Pigeons 265 
- Piglets 195, 225  Pigs 1, 15, 30, 104, 105, 107, 136, 204, 220, 252, 253, 279, 292, 299, 308, 322 Pituitary 5 
- Pmsg 86  Poisoning 1, 162 Position 26, 119, 125 
- Postoperative care 170, 232  Postoperative complications 12, 20, 83, 170, 221, 272, 284 Posture 95, 116 
- Preanesthetic medication 73, 82, 311, 318  Prediction 204 Preoperative care 327 
- Pressure 191, 212  Prevention 170 Procaine 88 
- Prognosis 167  Prolactin 150 Promazine 67 
- Propranolol 193  Prostaglandins 81 Przewalski's horse 65 
- Public health 128  Pulmonary gas exchange 273 Pulse 237 
- Rabbits 89  Racing pigeons 84 Radiators 275 
- Radioactivity 314  Radiography 188, 226, 291 Radioimmunoassay 295 
- Rams 5  Receptors 103, 240 Recovery 259 
- Reflexes 30, 103, 115, 142  Regurgitation 187 Rehydration 183 
- Renal clearance 143  Reproductive disorders 110 Reproductive organs (animal) 72 
- Requirements 145  Resistance 153 Respiration 48, 50, 82, 154, 257 
- Respiration pathways 121  Respiration rate 21, 54, 76, 95, 178, 216, 235, 249, 305 Respiratory diseases 250 
- Respiratory disorders 32  Respiratory gases 6, 26, 185 Respiratory system 51, 53, 61, 88, 116, 132, 146, 174, 189, 191, 210, 237, 256, 276, 301, 312, 321, 335 
- Responses 34  Restraint of animals 67, 68, 83, 206, 277, 281, 325 Restricted feeding 130 
- Resuscitation 279  Rumen motility 61, 76, 178 Rump 201, 203 
- Rupture 43, 198  Safety 75, 265, 278, 303, 327 Saline water 132, 209, 317 
- Saliva 162  Salmonella typhimurium 284 Sampling 91 
- Saturation 274  Scintigraphy 144, 149 Screening 240 
- Seed dormancy 22  Seed germination 22 Seeds 22 
- Sensory evaluation 290  Serous bursa 94 Sex differences 105 
- Sheep 6, 11, 14, 25, 41, 45, 48, 64, 89, 97, 103, 135, 140, 154, 157, 162, 185, 187, 201, 203, 207, 214, 257, 277, 293, 294, 304, 311, 313, 314, 324, 329  Shock 183 Skeletal muscle 201, 203 
- Skin 203  Slaughter 294 Slaughtering and slaughter-houses 267 
- Sodium bicarbonate 301  Sodium chloride 279 Sodium citrate 56 
- Solar radiation 275  Solutions 132, 209, 259, 279 Somatostatin 296, 309, 310 
- Somatotropin 292, 296, 310, 316  Spain 217 Species differences 89 
- Spectral analysis 155  Spinal cord 164, 214, 291 Spines 261 
- Sports medicine 171  St. louis encephalitis virus 128 Statistical analysis 136, 256, 292, 331 
- Steers 87, 251  Stimuli 185 Stomach motility 210 
- Storage 135  Stress 24, 30, 69, 150, 232, 249, 283, 299, 300 Stress response 172 
- Stunning 30, 103, 118  Substrates 22 Superovulation 86 
- Surgery 18, 19, 40, 71, 80, 101, 148, 175, 179, 187, 245, 263  Surgical equipment 36 Surgical operations 11, 23, 33, 36, 72, 79, 110, 161, 165, 188, 190, 221, 231, 232, 322 
- Surveys 334  Survival 86, 102, 221 Suture 287 
- Sutures 302  Swaledale 329 Swine 267 
- Sympathomimetics 301  Symptoms 84, 167, 170, 227, 263 Synovial fluid 63, 94 
- Tail 3, 99  Tarsus 217 Technetium 226 
- Techniques 17, 184, 252, 307  Teeth 85, 106, 294 Temperature 37, 135 
- Tendons 8  Tension 29, 151, 200 Testing 25, 34, 64, 97, 214, 293, 332 
- Testosterone 126, 127, 258  Tethering 299 Therapy 4, 171, 183, 228, 250, 301 
- Thin layer chromatography 308  Thiomolybdates 162 Thiopental 95, 141 
- Thrombosis 219  Thyroid function 309 Thyrotropin releasing hormone 296, 310, 316 
- Thyroxine 309  Timing 122 Tissue analysis 314 
- Tissues 194, 308, 313  Tongue 274 Toxemia 134, 227 
- Toxicity 214  Trachea 161, 222, 253, 315 Transit time 139 
- Transport of animals 249  Trauma 8, 183, 190 Treatment 84, 170, 230, 317 
- Trichlorfon 57, 129  Triethylamine 128 Triflupromazine 86 
- Triiodothyronine 309, 316  Tubes 161, 222, 253, 315 Turkeys 31, 151, 206 
- Udders 165  Uk 71, 94, 179, 333 Ultrasound 90 
- Ultraviolet spectroscopy 107  Uptake 201, 203 Urine 162, 186 
- Urine analysis 143  Vasoconstriction 333 Vasoconstrictor agents 115 
- Venous circulation 181  Ventilation 16, 44, 78, 125, 130, 174, 191, 331 Ventilators 78, 197, 218 
- Ventricles 266  Veterinary anesthesia 166, 268, 273 Veterinary education 322 
- Veterinary equipment 40, 333  Video recordings 276 Vocalization 30, 69 
- Volume 121  Vomiting 130 Vulva 287 
- Washing 41  Weight gain 225 Welsh mountain 329 
- Western equine encephalitis virus 128  Wings 323 Xylazine 3, 15, 25, 42, 47, 49, 51, 52, 60, 61, 67, 71, 77, 81, 85, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 110, 115, 121, 141, 146, 150, 152, 153, 154, 161, 164, 165, 174, 175, 180, 199, 207, 210, 216, 231, 255, 256, 270, 271, 276, 326, 329, 334, 335, 336 
- Young animals 296  Yugoslavia 275 Zebras 65 
Animal Welfare  Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National  Agricultural Library*USDA Cooperative Agreement No. 58-0520-5-076 - July, 1995*

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