| Animal Welfare Legislation, Regulations, and GuidelinesAnimal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library |
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**ISSN:  1052-5378**
***Quick Bibliography Series*, QB 95-18 January 1990 - January 1995 244 citations from AGRICOLA March 1995**

*Compiled By:***Tim Allen**Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351**Go to:** About the *Quick Bibliography Series*Document Delivery InformationNational Agricultural Library Cataloging RecordSearch StrategyAuthor IndexSubject IndexNational Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Allen, Tim   Animal welfare legislation, regulations, and guidelines.   (Quick bibliography series ; 95-18)   1. Animal welfare--Law and legislation--Bibliography.   2. Animal welfare--Standards--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-18 Search Strategy Set    Description  S1     law? or regulat? or legislat? or policy or policies or        guide? S2     animal? S3     S1 AND S2 S4     animal (w) welfare or lab? (w) animal? or research or        experiment? S5     S3 and S4 S6     S5 and py=1990:1995 S7     S6 not (genetic (w) regulation) S8     S7 not (physiology (2n) nutrition) S9     S8 not (animal (w) nutrition or drosophila? or        honeybee? or guided or temperature (2n) regulation? or        asclepias)  This publication includes citations related to Codes of Practice  on Animal Welfare and International Regulations  1                              NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 The 1985 Animal Welfare Act amendments., 1st ed.;. Schwindaman, D. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 26-32; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Regulations; Usda   2                                     NAL Call. No.: HV4701.B8 1990--a look back. Legislators who are making a difference. Millsaps, R. Chicago, Ill. : The Society; 1990. Bulletin--the National Anti-Vivisection Society (4): p. 21-26. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--politics--protection   3                                      NAL Call. No.: QD241.T6 Agricultural biotechnology: environmental choices and challenges. Cordle, M.K.; Young, A.L. London : Gordon and Breach Science Publishers; 1990. Toxicological and environmental chemistry v. 28 (1): p. 25-23; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Biotechnology; Agricultural research; Regulation; Environmental protection; Plant production; Animal production; Food processing   4                         NAL Call. No.: ArUKF1682.A75A37 1990 Agricultural biotechnology from the test tube to the farm. Hamline University, Advanced Legal Education St. Paul, MN : Advanced Legal Education, [c1990]; 1990. 106 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.  April 20, 1990.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Agricultural biotechnology--Law and legislation-- United States; Agricultural biotechnology--Law and legislation--Minnesota; Plant biotechnology--Research--Law and legislation--United States; Plant biotechnology--Research--Law and legislation--Minnesota; Agricultural laws and legislation- -United States; Agricultural laws and legislation--Minnesota; Biotechnology industries--Government policy--United States; Biotechnology industries--Government policy--Minnesota; Biotechnology--United States--Patents   5                                  NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Agricultural Research Service, USDA publishes new animal care directives. Guttman, H. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1990 Oct. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 1 (4): p. 4, 6; 1990 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Committees--usda--directives--animal welfare-- bioethics   6                          NAL Call. No.: RA1199.4.I5A44  1994 Alternatives to animal testing new ways in the biomedical sciences, trends, and progress. Reinhardt, Christoph A. Weinheim ; New York : VCH,; 1994. xviii, 182 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  On behalf of the Swiss Institute for Alternatives to Animal Testing, SIAT.  Contains the main presentations made at the symposium Alternatives to Animal Testing, held at the ETH Zurich, Nov. 30, 1992, reviewed and updated to include developments up to fall 1993. Cf. Preface.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Toxicity testing; Animal experimentation   7                          NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.976 American College of Toxicology composite. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 2 videocassettes (207 min., 29 sec.) : sd., col. ; 3/4 in.  VHS.  Proceedings of Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors, Orlando, Fla., 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare--Laboratory animals  Abstract:  This program was specifically designed to provide information for study directors and also principal investigators to be in full compliance with USDA animal welfare regulations but is also of value for those involved in animal care. Specific areas required for training under the Act are included in addition to information on the necessity for animal research.   8                                    NAL Call. No.: HD1751.C45 Animal advocacy in commercial agriculture: its not new and its has an economic dimension. Zulauf, C.; Krause, M. Ames, Iowa? : American Agricultural Economics Association, c1986-; 1992. Choices : the magazine of food, farm and resource issues v. 7 (2): p. 20-21; 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Animal welfare; Commercial farming; Livestock farming; Regulations   9                               NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A46 1989 Animal care and use policy issues in the 1990s : NIH OPRR/OACU conference, November 16-17, 1989, Bethesda, Maryland. National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Office of Protection from Research Risks, NIH Office of Animal Care and Use Bethesda, Md. : Office of Animal Care and Use, National Institutes of Health, [1989?]; 1990. iii, 79 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Bioethics   10                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4913.A54 Animal care and use programs regulatory compliance and education in an age of fiscal constraint..  Educational material for: Animal care and use programs Regulatory compliance and education in an age of fiscal restraint Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research (Association), Tufts University, School of Medicine, Tufts University, School of Veterinary Medicine Boston, Mass.: PRIM&R; 1991. 408 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  March 21-22, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare--Laboratory animals--Animal experimentation--Animals, laboratory   11                                    NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Animal care tightly regulated. Hays, S.M. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Dec. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 39 (12): p. 17; 1991 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Regulations; Public agencies   12                                      NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Animal experiments the American way. Gavaghan, H. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 May16. New scientist v. 134 (1821): p. 32-34, 36; 1992 May16.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Legislation; Usda   13                                   NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Animal pain scales in public policy. Orlans, F.B. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Nov. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 18: p. 41-50; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Pain  Abstract:  Pain scales classify the severity of pain inflicted on laboratory animals from little or none up to severe. A pain scale as part of public policy serves beneficial purposes that promote animal welfare. It can be used to educate people about the two alternatives of refinement and replacement, and the need to reduce animal pain. Furthermore, a pain scale has practical applications: 1) in review procedures for animal welfare concerns; 2) in developing policies on the use of animals in education; and 3) as a basis for collecting national data on animal experimentation, so that meaningful data can be collected on trends in reduction and control in animal pain. So far, only a few countries (including Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada and New Zealand) have adopted pain scales as part of their public policy. Most countries, including the United States, have not yet done so. The history of the development and adoption of pain scales by various countries is described and the case is presented for wider adoption of a pain scale in countries not currently using one.   14                               NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 Animal pharmaceuticals. Terry, M. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1992. NABC report / (4): p. 157-163; 1992.  In the series analytic: Animal biotechnology: opportunities and challenges.  Proceedings of the fourth annual NABC meeting, May 1992, College Station, Texas.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Drugs; Regulations; Biotechnology; Animal experiments   15                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Animal protective organizations and law enforcement agencies., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Halverson, D. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 254-260; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Law enforcement; Law   16                             NAL Call. No.: HV4708.R68  1994 The animal research controversy protest, process & public policy : an analysis of strategic issues. Rowan, Andrew N.; Loew, Franklin M.,_1939-; Weer, Joan C. Pew Charitable Trusts North Grafton, MA : Center for Animals & Public Policy, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine,; 1994. xv, 186 p. ; 29 cm.  Sponsorship: the Pew Charitable Trusts.  Spring, 1994. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-160).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   17                            NAL Call. No.: KF27.A33277 1990f Animal research facilities protection joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, February 28, 1990. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture; United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.; 1991; Y 4.Ag 8/1:101-52. iv, 176 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Serial no. 101-52.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Criminal procedure--Laboratories--Animal welfare- -Laboratory animals   18                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Animal rights and the veterinarian. Hannah, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (5): p. 718-719; 1990 Mar01.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Veterinarians; Law; Legal rights   19                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.972 The Animal Welfare Act philosophy and intent. Ewald, Bruce H. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (14 min., 40 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare  Abstract:  The history and intent of the Animal Welfare Act and the participatory development of regulations is presented. The specific responsibilities of the IACUC and the study director and principal investigator are outlined. The physiology of the USDA to refine skills and develop appropriate attitudes through education is described.   20                             NAL Call. No.: SF604.P82 no.144 Animal welfare in New Zealand proceedings from a seminar organised for the State Veterinarians Branch, New Zealand Veterinary Association, Rotorua, June 1992. Petersen, Gunner V. Massey University, New Zealand Veterinary Association, State Veterinarians Branch, New Zealand Veterinary Association, Foundation for Continuing Education Palmerston North, N.Z. : Veterinary Continuing Education, Massey University,; 1992. 110 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. (Publication (Massey University. Veterinary Continuing Education) ; no. 144.).  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal Welfare   21                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal welfare legislation and regulation, January 1979-August 1989. Engler, K.; Swanson, J. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Jan. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-20): 26 p.; 1990 Jan.  Updates QB 89-23. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Legislation; Regulations; Bibliographies   22                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal welfare legislation and regulations: January 1979- February 1991. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Mar. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-63): 26 p.; 1991 Mar.  Updates QB 90-20. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--legislation--regulations- -law--animal experiments--bibliographies   23                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal welfare legislation and regulations: January 1989 - January 1994. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1994 Apr. Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library (94-23): 56 p.; 1994 Apr.  Updates QB 92-35.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Animal welfare; Legislation; Regulations; Law; Animal experiments; Bibliographies   24                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal welfare legislation and regulations--January 1987 - February 1992. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Mar. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-35): 57 p.; 1992 Mar.  Updates QB 91-63. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Legislation; Regulations; Law; Animal experiments; Bibliographies   25                        NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95 no.8 1991 Animal welfare legislation bills and public laws, 1980 - 1988 (includes the Animal Welfare Act and its amendments)., October 1988 (Rev. May 1991).. Clingerman, Karen J.; Gleason, Sean J.; Swanson, Janice C. National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library; 1991; A 17.27:8. 21 p. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series,).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   26                             NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95 no.2 Animal welfare legislation bills and public laws 1989. Clingerman, Karen J.; Swanson, Janice C.; Gleason, Sean J. Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S),National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : Animal Welfare Information Center, National Agricultural Library; 1990; A 17.26:990/1. 15 p. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series ; 2).  Updates: Animal Welfare Legislation: Bills and Public Laws 1980-October 1988.  January 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   27                          NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95  no.11a Animal welfare legislation bills and public laws, 1992. Smith, Cynthia Petrie National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library,; 1993. 13 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series, #11).  May 1993.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   28                             NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95 no.4 Animal welfare legislation bills and public laws, January 1990 - June 1990. Clingerman, Karen J. National Agricultural Library (U.S.),Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library; 1990. 7 p. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series ; no. 4).  July 1990.  "Preliminary report.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   29                             NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95 no.9 Animal welfare legislation bills submitted to the 102nd Congress, January 1991 - March 1991. Clingerman, Karen J. National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library; 1991. 6 p. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series,).  May 1991.  "Preliminary report.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   30                            NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A95 no.11 Animal welfare legislation bills submitted to the 102nd congress, January 1992 - June 1992. Smith, Cynthia P. National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library,; 1992. 7 p. ; 28 cm. (AWIC series. 1, Preliminary report, no. 11).  July 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   31                             NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A52  1991 Animal welfare proceedings of the Animal Welfare Sessions, XXIV World Veterinary Congress, Rio de Janeiro, 1991. Seamer, John; Quimby, Fred W. World Veterinary Congress 24th : 1991 : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. London : World Veterinary Association, Animal Welfare Committee,; 1992. xiii, 237 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   32                               NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 Animal well-being and biotechnology. Meeker, D. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1992. NABC report / (4): p. 77-83; 1992.  In the series analytic: Animal biotechnology: opportunities and challenges.  Proceedings of the fourth annual NABC meeting, May 1992, College Station, Texas.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Europe; Cabt; Animal welfare; Biotechnology; Regulations; Politics   33                                    NAL Call. No.: KD3424.S9 Animals and cruelty and law. Sweeney, Noel Bristol : Alibi; 1990. xiii, 119 p. ; 20 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115) and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   34                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Animals and their legal rights a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990., 4th ed.. Leavitt, Emily Stewart United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Welfare Institute Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. xiv, 441 p. ; 22 cm.  Rev. ed. of: Animals and their legal rights / Emily Stewart Leavitt. 3rd ed. 1978.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 440-441).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   35                             NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Animals in research: public policy determinants., 1st ed.;. Loew, F.M. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 11-19; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Regulations; Animal welfare; Perception   36                            NAL Call. No.: HV4890.A5N49 1991 Animals in schools animal welfare guidelines for teachers..  Animals in schools, guidelines for teachers 1991 New South Wales, Dept. of School Education Emerton, NSW? : NSW Dept. of School Education?, 1991?; 1991. xvii, 139 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.  Cover title.  Running title: Animals in schools, guidelines for teachers 1991.  Produced on behalf of the Schools Animal Care and Ethics Committee.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   37                              NAL Call. No.: HV4708.G37 1993 Animals, politics, and morality. Garner, Robert, Manchester, UK ; New York : Manchester University Press : Distributed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martin's Press,; 1993. ix, 258 p. ; 22 cm. (Issues in environmental politics).  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal welfare   38                                 NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 APHIS policy and marine mammals: an interview with Jody Garbe, D.V.M. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1992 Apr. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 3 (2): p. 1, 4-5; 1992 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marine mammals; Agricultural policy; Usda; Animal welfare; Regulations; Inspection   39                                      NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Assessment of pain in animals. Bateson, P. London : Academic Press; 1991 Nov. Animal behaviour v. 42 (pt.5): p. 827-839; 1991 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Pain; Assessment  Abstract:  Judgements about pain and suffering in animals are required by the law of many countries and by many professional guidelines. Nevertheless, such assessments raise many problems, even in humans. Furthermore, an appeal to continuities between humans and other animals is clouded when, as is still the case, both the evolution and the function of a subjective sense of pain are obscure. Despite these difficulties, the criteria that lead to the judgement that a human is in pain can be generalized with substantial measure of agreement to other animals. This generalization is done on the basis of uncovering comparable mechanisms and comparable behaviour; then the whole cluster of features found in the animal is used to make the judgement. The less similar the animal to a human and the less complex it is, the more difficult is the assessment. The fuzziness of the boundary, between those animals that are judged to feel pain and those that are not does not invalidate the process of assessment. However, the extent to which an animal is given the benefit of the doubt clearly depends on the empathy a person feels for it as well as the type of ethical concerns that motivate the person.   40                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Birds., 4th ed. Nilsson, G. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 203-230; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Wild birds; Animal welfare; Law   41                                     NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 The bovine papillomavirus constitutive enhancer is essential for viral transformation, DNA replication, and the maintenance of latency. Vande Pol, S.B.; Howley, P.M. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Apr. Journal of virology v. 66 (4): p. 2346-2358; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bovine papillomavirus; Genetic transformation; Dna replication; Transcription  Abstract:  Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) has served as the prototype papillomavirus for the study of viral transcription, DNA replication, and latency. However, no cis essential transcription control regions which are necessary for both transformation and replication of BPV-1 or any other papillomavirus have yet been defined. We have found that BPV-1 mutants with deletions in the long control region were defective for transformation and replication, with the essential region in the 5' long control region corresponding to the previously defined BPV-1 constitutive enhancer (S.B. Vande Pol and P.M. Howley, J. Virol. 64:5420-5429, 1990). BPV-1 mutants deleted of the constitutive enhancer could be complemented in trans by the full-length virally encoded E2 transactivator and replication factor (E2TA) and in cis by the simian virus 40 enhancer. The constitutive enhancer induced the production of E2TA by activating all the major viral early promoters upstream of the E2 open reading frame. Complementation experiments using a temperature-sensitive E2TA mutant indicated that the constitutive enhancer was necessary for the maintenance of viral DNA replication within latently infected cells and implied that viral transcription under the regulation of the constitutive enhancer may be controlled during the cell cycle. The constitutive enhancer is a master regulatory control region for establishing and maintaining BPV-1 latency, and its characteristics reveal some analogies with cell type-specific enhancer elements recognized in the human papillomaviruses.   42                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 BvgAS-mediated signal transduction: analysis of phase-locked regulatory mutants of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a rabbit model. Cotter, P.A.; Miller, J.F. Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology; 1994 Aug. Infection and immunity v. 62 (8): p. 3381-3390; 1994 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bordetella bronchiseptica; Mutants; Phenotypes; Animal models; Bacterial proteins; Transduction; Strain differences; Virulence; Colonizing ability  Abstract:  Members of the Bordetella genus alternate between two distinct phenotypic phases in response to changes in their environment. This switch, termed phenotypic modulation, is mediated by the BvgAS sensory transduction system. We developed an animal model based on the interaction of Bordetella bronchiseptica with one of its natural hosts, the rabbit. To investigate the importance of BvgAS signal transduction, we constructed constitutive (RB53) and Bvg- (RB54) phase-locked derivatives of a wild-type strain, RB50. RB50 and RB53, but not RB54, established respiratory infections in B. bronchiseptica-free rabbits with an intranasal 50% infective dose of less than 200 organisms, and the course of the infection closely resembled that observed with naturally infected rabbits. Bacteria were recovered from the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs in similar numbers from RB50- and RB53-infected rabbits, yet no pathology was detected by histological examination of lung and tracheal sections. The antibody responses in rabbits inoculated with 50 or RB53 were quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable, high titers of antibodies were generated primarily against Bvg+ -phase-specific antigens. No response against flagella, a Bvg- phase factor, was detected. Assessment of bacteria associated with alveolar macrophages indicated that only a small percentage of bacteria, if any, appear to be residing within lung macrophages. We also tested the ability of these strains to survive in a nutrient poor environment, conditions which may be encountered within certain niches in the host or in an environmental reservoir. The Bvg- phase was advantageous for growth under these conditions. Our results indicate the Bvg+ phase is sufficient for establishment of respiratory tract infection in the rabbit and the normal BvgAS-mediated response to environmental signals is not required during initial colonization. The Bvg- phase may play a role at later stages of infection, including persistence, transmission, or survival in the environment.   43                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Caging systems for dogs under the new standards of the animal welfare act. Britz, W.E. Jr Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 48-52; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 51-52.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs--cages--animal welfare--legislation   44                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Canadian Council on Animal Care: its role. Rowsell, H.C. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 39-40; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal husbandry; Organizations; Committees; Legislation; Publications   45                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 The Canadian Council on Animal Care--its guidelines and policy directives: the veterinarian's responsibility. Rowsell, H.C. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 55 (3): p. 205; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals--animal experiments--animal welfare--veterinary profession--animal models--pain   46                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.I58F79 1991 Captive invertebrates a guide to their biology and husbandry., Original ed.. Frye, Fredric L. Malabar, Fla. : Krieger Pub. Co.,; 1992. xx, 135 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Invertebrates as laboratory animals; Invertebrates as pets; Captive wild animals   47                              NAL Call. No.: SF406.C35  1992 The Care and use of amphibians, reptiles, and fish in research. Schaeffer, Dorcas O.; Kleinow, Kevin M.; Krulisch, Lee Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.), School of Veterinary Medicine Bethesda, Md. (4805 St. Elmo Ave., Bethesda 20814) : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare,; 1992. vii, 196 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Proceedings from a SCAW/LSUSVM- sponsored conference ... held April 8-9, 1991 in New Orleans, Louisiana ...  November 1992.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Amphibians as laboratory animals; Reptiles as laboratory animals; Fish as laboratory animals   48                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.971 Carnivores basic needs, handling and care. Morgan, Ronald L. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (31 min., 37 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors ; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals--Animal welfare--Dogs as laboratory animals--Cats as laboratory animals--Ferrets as laboratory animals--Minks as laboratory animals  Abstract:  The basic needs of dogs and cats including air, food, water, environmental controls and social interaction are presented. Available guidelines, regulations, resource information and training manuals are presented. Methods of disease prevention, identification, housing and exercise are discussed. The basic care and handling of farrets and mink is also covered.   49                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Cats., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Stevens, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 121-125; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cats; Animal welfare; Law   50                                   NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Comments on labelling related to the animal testing of cosmetic ingredients and products manufactured and/or marketed within the European Economic Community. Balls, M. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1991 Jul. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 19 (3): p. 302-307; 1991 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Cosmetics; Labeling; European communities  Abstract:  The use of terms such as 'cruelty-free' and 'not tested on animals' in relation to cosmetic ingredients and products is reviewed. It is concluded that, such is the confusion that has been engendered by their misuse, legitimate concerns for both human and animal welfare are compromised, and unfair trading practices are in operation. It is proposed that such misleading terminology should be prohibited within the EEC, and that more effort should be put into the development, validation and regulatory acceptance of non- animal toxicity tests and testing strategies.   51                            NAL Call. No.: SF996.5.I54 1991a Companion guide to Infectious diseases of mice and rats. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press; 1991. x, 95 p. ; 23 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mice--Rats--Laboratory animals--Mice as laboratory animals--Rats as laboratory animals   52                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Compliance at the Institutional and programmatic level. Wolff, A. \u National Institutes of Health Animal Center, Poolesville, MD; Smith, P.D. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Sep. Lab animal v. 23 (8): p. 28-29; 1994 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Policy; Committees; Animal husbandry; Animal experiments; Control; Project control; Monitoring   53                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Computerized ordering of experimental animals and test authorization. Maerki, U.; Walther, A.; Rossbach, W. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 24 (1): p. 25-31; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Switzerland; Laboratory animals--authority-- acquisition--computer techniques--computer software--animal experiments  Abstract:  The authorization procedure required by law in Switzerland and the internal set-up at Roche for acquiring experimental animals has made a computerized system for monitoring authorizations and animal deliveries essential. The INQUIRE software program, which can be run on the central computer, was used to set-up databases with information on all personnel who place orders and perform experiments (PERI), authorization matters (BEWI), orders (ORDR), deliveries (SPED), animal species (SPEC), animal strains (STRE), populations (POPU) and the management of various data (BARA). The authorizations database (BEWI) permits sequential searches on specific questions. The animals ordered in the ORDR database are constantly updated in BEWI, thus ensuring that the authorized animal quotas are not exceeded. Expiry of an authorization or an unregistered experimenter will come to light in the course of the plausibility study. Through ORDR the experimenter has a good overview of the animals that he has ordered or have been ordered for him, and he can select the most appropriate strain or population for his studies in STRE or POPU, which contain data on the genetic and physiological characteristics as well as the breeding and keeping of all sublines and stocks. Realization of the IFIS project has made it a simple matter to keep a check on the legal requirements pertaining to animal experimentation and to update the information and evaluate the entire stock of data at any time.   54                                 NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Congress considers break-in bills. Melcher, J. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1992 Jul. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 3 (3): p. 2, 8; 1992 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Legislation   55                              NAL Call. No.: KF26.C693 1989d Consumer Products Safe Testing Act hearing before the Subcommittee on the Consumer of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session on S. 891 ... November 8, 1989. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on the Consumer Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.; 1990; Y 4.C 73/7:S.hrg.101-460. iii, 137 p. ; 24 cm. (S. hrg. ; 101-460).  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals--Law and legislation--United States; Product safety--Law and legislation--United States; Consumer protection--Law and legislation--United States   56                                     NAL Call. No.: TX341.C6 Consumers union raises concerns over hormone; NIH calls it safe for humans. Washington, D.C. : Community Nutrition Institute; 1990 Dec07. Nutrition week v. 20 (48): p. 1-2; 1990 Dec07.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows--milk--meat--somatotropin--residues--food safety--animal health--research--food and nutrition controversies--industry--environmental impact--law  Abstract:  NIH concluded that meat and milk from cows treated with synthetic growth hormones are safe. Concern over the risk is still present. Topics discussed in this article are human and animal health concerns, economic and social impact, and legal problems.   57                                   NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1V4 Control methods research priorities for animal damage control. Packham, C.J.; Connolly, G. Davis, Calif. : University of California; 1992 Aug. Proceedings ... Vertebrate Pest Conference (15): p. 12-16; 1992 Aug.  Meeting held March 3-5, 1992, Newport Beach, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Vertebrate pests; Pest control; Crop damage; Control methods; Research policy   58                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Controlling hazardous substances in animal rooms and laboratories. Waterman, L. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (1): p. 19-22; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Health hazards; Laboratories; Hygiene; Sanitation; Safety at work; Risk; Disinfectants; Drugs; Allergens; Legislation  Abstract:  An overall approach to implementing the new Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1988 is discussed. Examples discussed to illustrate the issues raised are the use of disinfectants, animal dosing and laboratory animal allergy. The strategy of assessment, control and monitoring is elucidated in the context of these examples.   59                               NAL Call. No.: 275.29 ID13IDC Dairy producers' and processors' attitudes toward dairy policy and bovine somatotropin. Withers, R.V.; Lyle, C.M. Moscow, Idaho : The Service; 1990 Apr. Current information series - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Idaho (862): 6 p.; 1990 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Agricultural policy; Milk production; Bovidae; Somatotropin   60                                   NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 A decade of European legislation--can we legislate for humanity?. Hampson, J.E. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Nov. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 18: p. 75-81; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Cabt; Animal experiments; Legislation  Abstract:  The establishment throughout Europe, during the last decade, of legislation to control animal experiments, is described. The effectiveness of such laws to achieve their objectives is discussed. In particular, the effectiveness of costs against benefit as a part of project authorisation, is considered.   61                                   NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P Developing future-minded strategies for sustainable poultry production. Stenholm, C.W.; Waggoner, D.B. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1991 Feb. Poultry science v. 70 (2): p. 203-210; 1991 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poultry industry--sustainability-- international trade--consumer preferences--environmental impact--research support  Abstract:  Poultry is one of the world's major and fastest growing sources of meat, representing over 22% of all meat production in 1989. Because of their high nutrient content and relatively low caloric value, egg and poultry products are natural candidates to meet emerging consumer demands. The United States poultry industry must continue to meet the challenge of designing foods that meet consumers' definition of what is safe and what is healthy. Any agricultural production system should stand the test of scientific scrutiny, economic analysis, and social acceptance and impact. The agricultural science sector should develop best management practices that continue to provide profitability and sustainability for producers. The poultry industry in the United States and many other countries has progressed probably more than any other branch of livestock production in the trend toward intensive production systems. Voluntary codes of practice adhered to by producers of farm animals is an effective option that can be employed to help solve concerns about animal welfare. The poultry industry of the future will need to meet steadily consumer demand for wholesome meat, while addressing issues of health and safety waste management, and water and air pollution.   62                                     NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5 Differential steroidogenic response of subpopulations of porcine granulosa cells to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or IGF-1 analogs. Howard, H.J.; Ford, J.J. Madison : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1994 Jul. Biology of reproduction v. 51 (1): p. 108-115; 1994 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Ovaries; Granulosa cells; Insulin-like growth factor; Estradiol; Follicular fluid; Hormone secretion  Abstract:  Two experiments were conducted to examine responses of porcine granulosa cells to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or IGF-1 analogs (des [1-3] and Long R3) that have reduced affinity for IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Both experiments evaluated estradiol and IGFBP production by granulosa cells after separation of cells into subpopulations that maintain long-term estradiol production in vitro (tightly bound) and those that do not (weakly associated). Granulosa cells were obtained from medium-sized follicles (4-6 mm) at random stages of the estrous cycle in experiment 1 and from the 10 largest follicles per ovary at 0 or 48 h after weaning in experiment 2. Follicle diameter and follicular fluid estradiol concentrations increased with time after weaning (p < 0.05). Tightly bound cells produced more estradiol than weakly associated cells at 24-120 h of culture in experiment 1 and from 0 to 48 h in experiment 2 (p < 0.05). in tightly bound but not weakly associated cells, IGF-1 stimulated estradiol production. The IGF analogs were more potent stimulators than IGF-1 in experiment 1 (p < 0.05); and in experiment 2, this response was restricted to cells collected at 48 h after weaning. Conversely, tightly bound cells obtained at 0 h after weaning responded similarly to IGF-1 and des (1-3). During the final 48 h of culture, weakly associated cells produced greater quantities of 28-30-kDa IGFBP than did tightly bound cells in response to IGF-1 or analogs (both experiments; p < .05). Concentration of 40-44-kDa IGFBP was influenced minimally by IGF-1 or its analogs. We conclude that 1) tightly bound granulosa cells produce greater amounts of estradiol in vitro than weakly associated cells when sampled from medium-sized follicles; 2) tightly bound cells from follicles of sows at random stages of the cycle or at 48 h after weaning produce more estradiol in response to IGF analogs than to IGF-1; and 3) tightly bound cells secrete less 20-30-kDa IGFBP in long-term culture than weakly associated cells. These results indicate that IGFBP modulate secretion of estradiol in porcine granulosa cells in vitro and implicate their potential for in vivo regulation.   63                                     NAL Call. No.: QL751.P4 Differing visions of the human-animal relationship: ambiguity in legal doctrine. Lessley, B.E. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991. Perspectives in ethology v. 9: p. 87-118; 1991.  In the series analytic: Human understanding and animal awareness / edited by P.P.G. Bateson and P.H. Klopfer.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Moral values; Law  Abstract:  There is no coherent vision of the human-animal relationship that appears in the law. Rather, different laws reflect different priorities and different ideas about the importance of protection of animals when compared with the interests of humans. The different visions about the moral place of animals reflected in the laws correspond with different visions that members of human society have about the place of animals in the world. While there may be no coherent vision of the human/animal relationship that exists in the law, any single law can be seen as a compromise between the different visions that society has about animals. Historically, the law has treated animals as being fundamentally distinct from humans in a moral sense, and has placed relatively few controls on what humans can do to animals. Recent years have seen this situation change as more and more laws have been enacted to accord greater protection to animals. This change is essentially an adjustment by the law in the vision of the human-animal relationship that it adopts, moving from an extreme view that animals and humans are different to greater recognition of views that accord animals greater moral status. Yet the adjustment by the law has not been complete by any means, and the law has not gone nearly so far as to accord actual "rights" to animals. Instead, the law has increased its regulation of things that humans can do to animals and has created mechanisms by which humans can intervene in the legal system to protect animals. Whether the law will go the next step and allow animals to enter the legal system to protect their own interests appears doubtful, but remains to be seen.   64                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Dogs., 4th ed. Stevens, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 112-120; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Animal welfare; Law   65                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35 Downers. Bauston, G. Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal Protection Division; 1992. Advocate v. 10 (2): p. 4-7; 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Animal welfare; Yards; Legislation   66                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 An eagle's eye view of wildlife legislation. Dierauf, L.A. \u US House of Representatives on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Washington, DC Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 623-628; 1992 Mar01.  Corrects AGRICOLA accession number IND92017391 in which the publication year was incorrectly entered as 1991.  Paper presented at the "AVMA animal welfare forum: the veterinarian's role in the welfare of wildlife," November 7, 1991, Chicago, Illinois.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Wildlife; Legislation; Wildlife conservation   67                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 An eagle's eye view of wildlife legislation. Dierauf, L.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 623-628; 1992 Mar01.  Paper presented at the "AVMA animal welfare forum: the veterinarian's role in the welfare of wildlife," November 7, 1991, Chicago, Illinois.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Wildlife; Legislation; Wildlife conservation   68                                    NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Economic, political, and global demands on the United States dairy industry. Olson, K.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993 Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 3133-3142; 1993 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; International trade; Animal welfare; Food safety; Consumer attitudes; Dairy technology; Technology transfer; Dairy industry; Trends  Abstract:  Since 1970, average milk production per cow in the US has increased by 2321 kg. During this time, the number of cows has decreased by 2,010,000, and the number of farms with milk cows is less than one-third the previous level. These trends are likely to continue. Although increased productivity has made US producers among the most efficient in the world, many challenges will emerge in the near future. Reduced government involvement that is partially due to budget constraints will contribute to greater price variations than in the past; international trade may offer new opportunities for increased sales if current trade negotiations are successful; and environmental concerns, animal welfare issues, and consumer preferences will continue to challenge the industry. Basic and applied research, technology transfer, and responsible legislation will be needed to assist the industry in meeting these challenges. Most of all, active producer participation in setting research priorities and the legislative agenda is necessary for the industry to progress.   69                                     NAL Call. No.: SF604.E3 Education and training in the care and use of laboratory animals a guide for developing institutional programs. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press; 1991. xi, 139 p. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals--Animal welfare   70                                    NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4 EEC regulatory requirements for the use and release of genetically modified organisms. Bino, G. del Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991. Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 48: p. 653-658; 1991.  In the series analytic: Nitrogen fixation / edited by M. Polsinelli, R. Materassi and M. Vincenzini. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on "Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes" held September 10-14, 1990, Florence, Italy.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Nitrogen fixing bacteria; Genetic engineering; Transgenic plants; Environmental impact; Risk; Regulations; European communities  Abstract:  The European Community, in its delicate role to promote research and industrial activities in the promising sector of biotechnology while ensuring the protection of public health and the environment, has recently adopted two Directives concerning the Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms. Directive 90/219/EEC on the Contained Use of Genetically Modified Micro-organisms addresses all activities, from research and development to production, where genetically modified micro-organisms are used. The purpose of this Directive is: - to establish a case-by-case risk assessment for all operations; - to identify the cases where the contained use could entail a risk; to establish working practices and containment measures corresponding to the hazard the micro-organism presents; - to prevent, in case of hazardous micro-organisms, their accidental release and limit the consequences of such accidents where they occur. A flexible notification procedure is proposed, based both on the kind of micro-organism used and on the scale of the operation envisaged. Directive 90/220/EEC on the Deliberate Release to the Environment of Genetically Modified organisms covers all genetically modified organisms (micro-organisms, plants and animals) through all the stages of release to the environment from small scale to large scale experimental introductions, as well as release through product marketing - although some products may be exempted from the provisions of this Directive if they are covered by other Community legislation which includes a similar environmental risk assessment. The main elements of this Directive are: -An environmental risk assessment must always be carried out before any release to the environment whether in an experiment or product. -No releases may be carried out without the consent of the competent authorities. -A national approval procedure is foreseen for experimental relases. -A Community approval procedure is foreseen for releases made by marketing a product. Once approved, a product can circulate freely throughout the Community.   71                                  NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 The effect of the proposed regulations on administrative concerns. Whitehair, L.A. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 71-73; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--legislation--impact--administration--laboratory animals   72                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35 The Endangered Species Act. Daly, K. Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal Protection Division; 1994. Advocate v. 11 (3/4): p. 12-13; 1994.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Endangered species; Legislation; Animal welfare   73                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1327 Environmental enrichment advancing animal care..  Advancing animal care Countrywise Communication (Firm),Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Potters Bar, Herts : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare,; 1990. 1 videocassette (37 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 folder.  Folder includes 1 suggestions for use of video booklet, 1 set of reprints clipped together, Environmental enrichment report no. 1-4, and 3 leaflets about the UFAW.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Zoo animals; Animal housing; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Primarily aimed at all those responsible for the care of animals in captivity, the video explores the needs of zoo animals and gives practical suggestions for improving their lives. A straightforward guide to carrying out an enrichment project is provided.   74                                      NAL Call. No.: 475 EX7 Ethical principles and guidelines for scientific experiments on animals. Basel : Birkhauser; 1992 Jan15. Experientia v. 48 (1): p. 1-3; 1992 Jan15.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Switzerland; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Guidelines; Professional ethics   75                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.E84 1992 Ethics in research on animal behaviour readings from Animal behaviour.. Guidelines for the use of animals in research Dawkins, Marian Stamp; Gosling, Morris Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Animal Behavior Society London, England : Academic Press for the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour and the Animal Behavior Society, [1992?]; 1992. 64 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes "Guidelines for the use of animals in research," revised 1991 version.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experimentation; Laboratory animals   76                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 A European perspective on farm animal welfare. Birbeck, A.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (8): p. 1377-1380; 1991 Apr15.  Paper presented at the "AVMA Animal Welfare Forum: Enhancing Wellness in Animals and People," Nov. 9, 1990. Chicago, Illinois. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Livestock--animal welfare--legislation--pain- -advisory committees--education--training   77                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 European regulation of animal experiments. O'Donoghue, P.N. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Sep. Lab animal v. 21 (8): p. 20-22, 24-25, 27; 1992 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Animal experiments; Legislation   78                                    NAL Call. No.: aQL55.B36 Euthanasia. Bennett, B.T. Beltsville, Md. : USDA, National Agricultural Library; 1990 Apr. Essentials for animal research : a primer for research personnel / by B.T. Bennett, M.J. Brown and J.C. Schofield. p. 89-100; 1990 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Domestic animals; Euthanasia; Animal welfare; Regulations   79                               NAL Call. No.: SF914.G74 1990 Euthanasia guide (for animal shelters)..  Euthanasia guide for animal shelters, 3rd ed.. Grier, Ronald L.; Colvin, Tom L.; Kopecky, Lois N. Ames, Iowa : Moss Creek Publications,; 1990. iv, 47 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 46).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Euthanasia; Pets; Animal welfare; Pounds   80                                    NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84PRO Every species counts: research on threatened, endangered, and sensitive plants and animals. Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1992 Feb. Program aid PA - U.S. Department of Agriculture (1481): 20 p.; 1992 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Endangered species; Research; Law; Wildlife management   81                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 The evolution of anti-cruelty laws in the United States., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Halverson, D. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 1-47; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Law; History   82                            NAL Call. No.: KF27.A33277 1990e Farm Animal and Research Facilities Protection Act of 1989 hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and the Subcommittee on Forests, Family Farms, and Energy of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 3270, July 17, 1990. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.; 1991; Y 4.Ag 8/1:101-62. vii, 306 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Shipping list no.: 91-206-P.  Serial no. 101-62.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Domestic animals--Animal welfare--Animal experimentation   83                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Fighting and baiting., 4th ed. Stevens, C.; Halverson, D. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 151-156; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Cocks; Bull fighting; Spectator events; Fighting; Animal welfare; Law   84                             NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 First federal law to prevent cruelty to animals., 4th ed. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 48-51; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Law; History   85                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Food safety and inspection service update on food safety of animals derived from biotechnology experiments. Basu, P.; Masters, B.; Patel, B.; Urban, O. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993. Journal of animal science v. 71 (suppl. 3): p. 41-42; 1993.  Paper presented at the symposium, "Genetically Modified Livestock: Progress, Prospects, and Issues", August 11, 1992, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Transgenic animals; Livestock; Food safety; Meat inspection; Slaughter; Regulations  Abstract:  Recent progress in the field of biotechnology and the production of transgenic livestock has raised a question regarding the need for the regulation of these animals. There is also the need to regulate nontransgenic animals resulting from transgenic animal research. It is anticipated that several governmental agencies will be involved in regulatory issues pertaining to these animals. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) will ultimately be responsible for ensuring that transgenic animals intended for human consumption are wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled. The FSIS has implemented a program for the regulation of slaughtering nontransgenic animals resulting from transgenic animal experiments. However, the FSIS has not yet approved any transgenic livestock for slaughter. Scientists from the FSIS, in conjunction with other government agencies, are currently developing guidelines for the slaughter of transgenic animals.   86                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Frequently asked questions about the Public Health Service Policy on care and use of laboratory animals. Washington, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1993. ILAR news v. 35 (3/4): p. 47-49; 1993.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Laboratory animals; Policy; Animal husbandry; Animal welfare; Committees; Regulations; Government organizations   87                                 NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Future development of USDA standards for farm animals under the authorities of the Animal Welfare Act. Buntain, B.; Gallagher, S. Beltsville, MD : National Agricultural Library, AWIC, 1990-; 1994. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 5 (1): p. 14-15; 1994.  In the special issue: Farm animals in research and teaching.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Livestock; Animal welfare; Legislation; Usda; Regulations; Standards   88                            NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992 The future of control of pain in animals used in teaching and research. Rowsell, H.C. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 525-537; 1992. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Pain; Research; Teaching; Education; Legislation; Animal welfare   89                                      NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Good laboratory practice, 1976-1992, an overview. Dent, N.J. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 7-9; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratories; Regulations; European communities  Abstract:  Whilst the concept and procedures of Good Laboratory Practice are certainly nothing new, certain changes have occurred in both responsibilities and attitudes to this "Good Practice" in the 16 years since its inception by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America. It has certain implications for the animal technologist and benefits for the industry. It has not been seen as the bureaucratic straight-jacket that was initially envisaged, and in actual fact is now regarded as one of several "Good Practices" and part of a companys overall Total Quality Management (TQM) programme. The benefits that have clearly been seen following the implementation of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) are: a greater professionalism, less animal use, better science, a much more early thought process resulting in clear documentation and the ability to either review or to repeat studies of a similar nature at a considerable time in the future.   90                                    NAL Call. No.: TD171.G77 Grant$ for environmental protection and animal welfare. Foundation Center New York, N.Y : The Foundation Center, 1990-; 1991-9999. v. ; 28 cm.  COMSEARCH broad topics.  Covers grants to nonprofit organizations in the U.S. and abroad, including environmental protection and legal agencies; public policy and citizens organizations; public facilities; and education institutions for programs including: natural resources conservation, pollution control, farmland preservation, botanical, horticultural and landscape services, environmental education, nature centers, and animal welfare and protection.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Environmental protection; Animal welfare; Endowments   91                                       NAL Call. No.: A00123 The great Siver Spring monkey debate. Carlson, P. Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post; 1991 Feb24. The Washington post magazine. p. 14-19, 28-31; 1991 Feb24.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Maryland; Monkeys; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Law; Law enforcement; Laboratories   92                                NAL Call. No.: SF406.G8 1990 Guia para el cuidado y uso de animales de laboratorio..  Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, Revisada en 1985.. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Bethesda, Md.? : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, [1990?]; 1990; HE 20.3008:An 5/985/Spanish. ix, 83 p. ; 23 cm. (NIH publication ; no. 90-23S).  Translation of: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.  Shipping list no.: 90-716-P. "Publicacion no. 86-23 de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud"--P. [4] of cover.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-73).  Language:  Spanish; Spanish  Descriptors: Laboratory animals   93                              NAL Call. No.: SF406.G85  1993 Guide to the care and use of experimental animals., 2nd ed.. Olfert, Ernest D.; Cross, Brenda M.; McWilliam, A. Ann Canadian Council on Animal Care Ottawa, Ont. : Canadian Council on Animal Care, c1993-; 1993-9999. v. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Veterinary medicine   94                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Guidelines for animal surgery in research and teaching. Brown, M.J.; Pearson, P.T.; Tomson, F.N. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (9): p. 1544-1559; 1993 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experiments; Surgery; Guidelines; Animal welfare; Teaching materials; Personnel; Equipment; Preoperative care; Anesthesia; Postoperative care   95                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Guidelines for developing and managing an environmental enrichment program for nonhuman primates. Bloomsmith, M.A.; Brent, L.Y.; Schapiro, S.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 372-377; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Environment; Enrichment; Guidelines; Animal welfare; Record keeping; Costs; Plan implementation and evaluation  Abstract:  Before implementing an environmental enrichment program for nonhuman primates, several issues should be considered. The assignment of enrichment tasks can be made to caretakers, a dedicated "enrichment technician," volunteers, students or individuals with training in behavioral science. Determining the enrichment techniques to be used must take into account personnel time available; the species, age, sex, and individual histories of the nonhuman primates; and experimental protocols for which animals are being maintained. Identifying the most beneficial way to use the available personnel time must be tailored for each institution. To meet federal regulations, records must be kept of the environmental enhancements available to each nonhuman primate. Good record- keeping will allow appropriate evaluation of the program. This evaluation should involve the animals' responses to the enrichment opportunity, cost and durability of enrichment items, human and nonhuman safety considerations, and personnel required. The well-being of captive nonhuman primates will be most improved if well-informed decisions are made in developing and managing environmental enrichment programs.   96                           NAL Call. No.: HV4890.A5C36  1992 Guidelines for the care and use of animals in ACT schools. ACT Department of Education and the Arts, Animal Ethics Committee Canberra : ACT Dept. of Education and the Arts, Animal Ethics Committee, [1992?]; 1992. 1 v. (unpaged) ; 30 cm.  Caption title.  May 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   97                            NAL Call. No.: HV4763.N2G85 1991 Guidelines for the care and use of animals in production agriculture. Nebraska Food Animal Care Coalition Lincoln, Neb. : s.n., 1991?; 1991. 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm.  The Nebraska Food Animal Care Coalition (NFACC) was organized in April 1990 to facilitate developing the guidelines for humane care of animals in production agriculture ... and provide a coordinated effort to develop humane guidelines that are compatible with Nebraska production practices.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal welfare; Animal experimentation; Domestic animals   98                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Guidelines for the care of laboratory animals in transit. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 93-107; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Transport of animals   99                                      NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching. London : Academic Press; 1994 Jan. Animal behaviour v. 47 (pt.1): p. 245-250; 1994 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Bioethics; Guidelines; Animal experiments   100                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4704.G8 Guidelines for the well-being of rodents in research from a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on December 8, 1989, with additional material provided by the authors. Guttman, Helene N. Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Washington, D.C.) Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990. vi, 105 p.: ill.; 28 cm.  October 1990.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents as laboratory animals--Congresses; Animal welfare--Congresses   101                             NAL Call. No.: SF406.W64  1994 Handbook of laboratory animal management and welfare. Wolfensohn, Sarah; Lloyd, Maggie Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press,; 1994. xi, 304 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. [281]-293) and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal experimentation   102                             NAL Call. No.: HV4733.H36 1993 Handbook of live animal transport (with quarterly supplements)., 1993 ed.. Anderson, Dale L. Silesia Companies, Inc Fort Washington, Md. : Silesia Companies, Inc., 1993-; 1993-9999. 1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill. ; 30 cm.  Animal handling and safety, veterinary proceedures [sic], animal health regulations, transporting animals by land, sea & air, exporting animals.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animals; Animal welfare   103                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 A historical view. Keeling, M.E. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 13-14; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- history--legislation   104                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Horses., 4th ed. Twyne, P.; Stanley, V. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 126-150; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Horses; Animal welfare; Law   105                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 How the proposed regulations might impact a research facility. Butler, T.M. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 55-59. ill; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Texas; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- legislation--impact   106                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Humane education in the public schools., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Beary, B. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 244-253; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Public schools; Animal welfare; Law; Legislation; Education; Animal experiments   107                                      NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 Humane slaughter. Gregory, N.G. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1991 Jun. Outlook on agriculture v. 20 (2): p. 95-101; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Livestock--stunning--symptoms--safety at work--animal welfare--consciousness--regulations   108                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Humane slaughter laws., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Halverson, D. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 52-65; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Slaughter; Animal welfare; Law; History   109                                      NAL Call. No.: A00033 Humane Society bashes USDA. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1990 Sep15. BioEngineering news v. 11 (38): p. 2; 1990 Sep15.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Usda; Regulations   110                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 IACUC handling of mistreatment or noncompliance. Silverman, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Sep. Lab animal v. 23 (8): p. 30-32; 1994 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Committees; Animal husbandry; Policy; Monitoring   111                             NAL Call. No.: HV4764.I46 1992 Implementation strategies for research animal well-being institutional compliance with regulations : proceedings of a conference held in Baltimore, Md. on December 5-6, 1991 about compliance with USDA regulations for the well-being of canines and nonhuman primates in research. Krulisch, Lee Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Bethesda, Md.),Wards, Inc Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare ; Washington, DC : WARDS,; 1992. v, 178 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   112                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Implications of new medical waste regulations on laboratory animal research. Party, E.; Wilkerson, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Sep. Lab animal v. 20 (8): p. 28-29, 32, 34, 36; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Waste disposal; Regulations   113                                    NAL Call. No.: SF995.W4 Implications of pending animal welfare legislations. Melvill, L.D. Davis, Calif. : University of California; 1990. Proceedings - Western Poultry Disease Conference (39th): p. 110; 1990. Meeting held March 4-6, 1990, Sacramento, California.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Animal welfare; Legislation   114                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Improved housing of mice, rats and guinea-pigs: a contribution to the refinement of animal experiments. Scharmann, W. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1991 Feb. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 19 (1): p. 108-114; 1991 Feb. Paper presented at the fifth meeting of the Italian Group for the Application of Tissue Cultures in Toxiciology, May 31-June 1, 1990, Milan, Italy. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Cages; Animal welfare  Abstract:  The keeping of experimental animals requires housing systems appropriate to the needs and behaviour of each species, as demanded by various supranational and national guidelines. It is questionable whether conventional housing systems for rodents such as mice, rats and guinea-pigs meet this demand. It is suggested that the housing of laboratory rodents should be improved by the use of larger and more appropriate cage types, as well as by reducing the monotony of conventional housing systems.   115                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 In vitro toxicology: a challenge for the 21st century. Roberfroid, M.B.; Goethals, F. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Nov. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 18: p. 19-22; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; In vitro; Toxicology  Abstract:  Animal experimentation is an emotional topic, which arouses passionate feelings both in animal protection groups and in the scientific community. For many years, antivivisectionists have fought for the abolition of all animal experimentation, whereas other groups campaign for suppression reduction of the level of pain animals suffer because of experimentation. Despite all these efforts, the number of animals used in scientific research does not seem to have decreased significantly during the last few years. At best, this number remains constant or shows minor reductions in some countries, whereas in others it is still increasing, In addition to this situation, which certainly does not satisfy the antivivisectionists, the validity of the use of animal models in biomedical research is increasingly being questioned. On the other hand, a number of developments and projects exist which attest to the growing interest of scientists in in vitro models which use few, or even no, animals. Such a change in attitude is particularly evident in practice and research in toxicology, which uses a large number of animals. Taking into account the special status of toxicology among the biomedical sciences, since its practice is required and defined by laws and directives, a semantic problem exists over which adjective should be applied to describe such new methods. For some, it must be alternative - for consistancy to underline the possibility of replacing classical in vivo tests with new in vitro tests, the validity of which is demonstrated by reference to these in vivo tests. For others, it has to he complementary - to characterise the new protocols and the new experimental models which are of interest, because they contribute to the improvement of toxicology by strengthening its scientific nature. For a third group, it must be adjunct - to emphasise the relatively minor role of non-animal tests in relation to the conventional animal tests. It is the second concept that is favoured in this article. The experimental models to which it applies will, according to the Three Rs of Russell & Burch (1), lead either to the replacement of animal models, or to a reduction in the number of animals used or to refinement of test procedures in order to minimise the suffering and stress caused to animals.   116                             NAL Call. No.: HV4764.I58 1992 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidebook. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) Bethesda, Md.? : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health ; [Washington, D.C. : Supt. of Docs, U.S. G.P.O., distributor, 1992-]; 1992-9999; HE 20.3008:An 5/5. 1 v. (loose-leaf) ; 28 cm. (NIH publication ; no. 92-3415).  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   117                                   NAL Call. No.: S441.S855 Integration of aquaculture into an irrigated farm to improve efficiency of water and nutrient use. Olsen, M.W. 1988-; 1991. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment (ACE) research projects. 21 p.; 1991.  SARE Project Number: UC/USDA AW91-2. Record inculdes 5 1/2 floppy disk and papers on the research.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Mexico; Cabt; Arizona; Cabt; Irrigation water; Effluents; Fish culture; Crop production; Ictalurus punctatus; Tilapia; Irrigated conditions; Gossypium; Lawns and turf; Ornamental plants; Crop yield; Water use efficiency; Water management; Low input agriculture   118                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 International animal protection., 4th ed. Stevens, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 238-243; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Wild animals; Wild birds; Animal welfare; Law; International transport   119                                NAL Call. No.: aQK981.4.P76 International resources on the release of organisms into the environment. Segal, M. Beltsville, Md. : Plant Genome Data and Information Center, USDA-NAL; 1991. Probe : newsletter for the USDA Plant Genome Research Program v. 1 (3/4): p. 15-17; 1991.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Microorganisms; Plants; Animals; Genetic engineering; Introduced species; Environmental impact; Recombinant  DNA; International cooperation; Research policy; Diffusion of research; Diffusion of information   120                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 IRAC recommendation on LD50 testing. Washington, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1993. ILAR news v. 35 (3/4): p. 56-58; 1993.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Lethal dose; Testing; Committees; Guidelines; Policy; International organizations   121                                      NAL Call. No.: A00110 Kinder life sought for research animals: suit urges new rules for dogs, primates. San Francisco, Calif. : The Chronical Publishing Co; 1991 Jun10. San Francisco chronicle. p. A5; 1991 Jun10.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments--animal welfare--usda- -regulations   122                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The Laboratory Animal Breeders Association Accreditation Scheme (L.A.B.A.A.S.) its history, current organisation and future trends. Smith, M.W. Sussex : The Institute; 1992 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 43 (1): p. 19-27; 1992 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Laboratory animals; Breeders' associations  Abstract:  In 1982 the Medical Research Council decided to close the Laboratory Animal Centre (LAC) originally based at the MRC laboratories in Carshalton. This effectively brought to an end the originally LAC sponsored scheme for the voluntary accreditation of laboratory animal breeders. With the co-operation of the MRC a new scheme, which most Home Office registered breeders have now joined (LABAAS) was organised through a scientific working party under the auspices of the Laboratory Animal Breeders Association. Since 1982 additions and alterations have been made to the format of the manual, which sets out the working structure of the scheme. This paper outlines the current structure of LABAAS and indicates how constructive advice and criticism is helping to shape the future direction of the scheme.   123                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Laboratory animal science in Italy: legislation, education, and training programs. Guaitani, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Sep. Lab animal v. 21 (8): p. 39-40, 42, 44; 1992 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Italy; Animal experiments; Legislation; Educational programs   124                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Laboratory animal welfare., 4th ed. Stevens, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 66-105; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Legislation; Law; History   125                             NAL Call. No.: SF406.N92  1994 Laboratory animal welfare a guide to reference tools, legal materials, organizations, federal agencies. Nyberg, Cheryl; Porta, Maria A.; Boast, Carol Twin Falls, ID : BN Books,; 1994. xii, 389 p. ; 29 cm.  "... partially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Agreement No. 58-32U4-7-031, and by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"--T.p. verso.  Includes index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Animal experimentation   126                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 The laboratory rat's guide to Europe. MacKenzie, D. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 May16. New scientist v. 134 (1821): p. 29-31; 1992 May16.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Animal experiments; Regulations; Animal welfare; European communities; Animal testing alternatives   127                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.S37 Labs scurry to meet animal care mandate. Clemmitt, M. Philadelphia, Pa. : Institute for Scientific Information :.; 1991 Jul22. The scientist v. 5 (15): p. 1, 6-7; 1991 Jul22.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--animal experiments--usda- -regulations   128                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 LASA recommendations on education and training for licence holders under the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986- -FELASA Categories B and C. Report of a committee accepted by LASA Council June 1992. O'Donoghue, P.N.; Bunyan, J.; Buckwell, A.C.; Gregory, J.A.; Griffiths, P.H.M.; Howard, B.R.; Jones, H.; Millican, K.G.; Wilson, M.S.; Brouwer, G. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 27 (3): p. 189-205; 1993 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Guidelines   129                      NAL Call. No.: ArUKF2940.2.V3W55 1990 Law and ethics of the veterinary profession. Wilson, James F.; Rollin, Bernard E.; Garbe, Jo Anne L. Yardley, PA : Priority Press,; 1990. xxiv, 532 p. : ill., forms ; 27 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Veterinarians; Animal welfare   130                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 The law and the non-human primate trade., 4th ed. McGreal, S. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 231-237; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; South America; Central America; Caribbean; Africa; Asia; Madagascar; Primates; International trade; Law; Animal welfare   131                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Legislation and animal experimentation in The Netherlands and the U.S.: is there a difference in aproach?. Ritskes-Hoitinga, M.; Bosland, M.C.; Greeve, P. de; Zutphen, B.F.M van New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Sep. Lab animal v. 21 (8): p. 28, 32-37; 1992 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Netherlands; Animal experiments; Legislation   132                                  NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P Legislative view of research. Siemens, A. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1992 Aug. Poultry science v. 71 (8): p. 1325-1327; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Agricultural policy; Agricultural research; Federal government; Poultry  Abstract:  Congress has its own perception of research; whether it equates to reality is up to the research community. Many in Congress perceive that the research community is free- floating and is not focused on addressing the problems that face the United States today. Recent government reports have reviewed the purposes, accountability, and challenges facing the traditional research and extension system as it enters the 1990s. These reports send a strong message that the status quo will not work sufficiently in the 1990s. How does this affect agricultural research dollars? Congress, in response to its own perceptions, has strived to establish priorities by allocating resources to key projects. Whether this is in the best interest of the nation is debatable. The agricultural research community needs to establish priorities and to communicate them effectively ; otherwise someone less informed in the Congress will do it.   133                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Liability protection for laboratory animal and public veterinarians. Hannah, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Dec01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (11): p. 1456-1458; 1990 Dec01.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Veterinarians; Legal liability; Laboratory animals; Public authorities; Defense; Veterinary jurisprudence   134                                   NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84PRO Licensing and registration under the animal welfare act: guidelines for dealers, exhibitors, transporters, and researchers. Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1992 Apr. Program aid PA - U.S. Department of Agriculture v.): 20 p.; 1992 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Law; Licenses; Usda; Regulation; Laboratory animals; Zoo animals   135                          NAL Call. No.: SF55.A357R47  1992 Livestock and resource management policy issues and priorities for research : proceedings of the Research Planning Workshop held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 24-27 March 1992. Ehui, S.; Lipner, M. E. International Livestock Centre for Africa Research Planning Workshop 1992 : International Livestock Centre for Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : International Livestock Centre for Africa,; 1993. vi, 161 p. ; 30 cm.  January 1993.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Livestock; Range management   136                              NAL Call. No.: TD811.L59 1992 Livestock and the environment rethinking environmental policy, institutions & compliance strategies ; interim report to the Joint Interim Committee on the Environment, 72nd Texas Legislature..  Interim report to the Joint Interim Committee on the Environment, 72nd Texas Legislature Jones, Ron Texas, Legislature, Joint Interim Committee on the Environment Stephenville, Tex. : Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University,; 1992. 119 p : ill., maps ; 28 cm.  September 1992.  Bibliography: pp. 110-118.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal waste   137                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Many monkey experiments 'not justified'. Vines, G. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1991 Nov23. New scientist v. 132 (1796): p. 15; 1991 Nov23.  Language:  English  Descriptors: England; Animal experiments--animal welfare-- legislation   138                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35 The Marine Mammal Protection Act under attack. Douglass, A. Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal Protection Division; 1994. Advocate v. 11 (3/4): p. 20-21; 1994.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Marine mammals; Animal welfare; Legislation   139                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Marine mammal welfare: the role of USDA, APHIS. Kohn, B. Beltsville, MD : National Agricultural Library, AWIC, 1990-; 1994. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 5 (2): p. 6-8; 1994.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Marine mammals; Animal welfare; Usda; Regulations   140                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Marine mammals., 4th ed. Stevens, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 190-202; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Marine mammals; Animal welfare; Law   141                                   NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Modulation of expression of fos and Ha-ras oncogenes and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mammary gland and liver of young female rats by the absence of dietary lipotropes. Park, C.S.; Choi, C.B.; Baik, M.G.; Keller, W.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994 Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p. 2214-2220; 1994 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Diet; Lipotropic factors; Deficiency; Methionine; Folic acid; Choline; Rats; Cyanocobalamin; Liver; Weight; Mammary glands; Oncogenes; Gene expression; Amino acids; Body weight; Feed intake; Messenger  RNA; Ornithine decarboxylase; Enzyme activity  Abstract:  There is evidence that diets deficient in lipotropes [methionine, choline, pteroylmonoglutamic acid (folic acid), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12)] induce and enhance hepatocarcinogenesis. This research examined the extent to which dietary lipotropes modify cellular oncogene expression and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mammary gland and liver of rats. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk old) were fed 3 wk on one of three diets: 1) a control synthetic diet; 2) a methyl-deficient diet lacking choline, methionine, pteroylmonoglutamic acid, and cyanocobalamin; or 3) a diet supplemented with twice the amount of each lipotrope as in the control synthetic diet. The group fed the methyl- deficient diet gained less body weight than groups fed the control or methyl-supplemented diet. The group fed the methyl- deficient diet had approximately 5- and 11-fold greater fos transcription in mammary gland and liver, respectively, than did the control group. The expression of the Ha-ras gene in mammary gland and liver of the group fed the methyl-deficient diet was increased by 4- and 6-fold compared with that of the control. Ornithine decarboxylase activity, considered to be a developmental marker, was higher in liver and mammary gland of the group fed the methyl-deficient diet than in either the group fed control synthetic diet or the group fed the methyl- supplemented diet. The methyl-deficient diet may have caused activation of the transcription factor fos and thus the activation of the transcription regulatory complex, AP-1. In turn, AP-1 may regulate genes, such as ornithine decarboxylase, which are responsible for cell proliferation and differentiation.   142                                 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4522 More legislation on animal use in laboratories expected. Rood, M. Washington, D.C. : King Pub. Group; 1992 Nov17. Biotech daily v. 1 (67): p. 1, 4; 1992 Nov17.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Legislation   143                                  NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1V4 The most dangerous pest: "Homo environmentalus". Bidinotto, R.J. Davis, Calif. : University of California; 1992 Aug. Proceedings ... Vertebrate Pest Conference (15): p. 2-8; 1992 Aug.  Meeting held March 3-5, 1992, Newport Beach, CA.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; People; Animal welfare; Environmental policy; Politics; Ethics   144                                 NAL Call. No.: TX553.A3F65 Mycotoxins in review. Pohland, A.E. London : Taylor & Francis; 1993 Jan. Food additives and contaminants v. 10 (1): p. 17-28; 1993 Jan.  Paper presented at the symposium and workshop on "Food Contamination, Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins," November 4-15, 1990, Cairo, Egypt.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Food contamination; Mycotoxins  Abstract:  The putative involvement of mycotoxins in human diseases, including cancer, is reviewed with reference to ergotism, citreoviridin toxicosis, alimentary toxic aleukia, stachybotryotoxicosis, Balkan endemic nephropathy and aflatoxicoses. Analytical and sampling problems in determining the occurrence of and exposure to mycotoxins are discussed against the background that over 300 mycotoxins have been identified, produced by some 350 fungal species, and that the potency of some of them demands the quantitation of extremely small quantities of analyte. Mycotoxins associated with food and originating from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusaria, Penicillia and Claviceps spp. are reviewed with reference to the toxicological, regulatory and economic issues arising. It is concluded that continued efforts are needed to: identify and quantify human/animal exposure; estimate health risks and make defensible risk-benefit judgements; develop sampling plans based on experimental observation; arrive at agreed regulatory levels based on legitimate sampling plans, analytical capabilities and economic considerations; develop procedures for disposal of contaminated lots; and develop plant varieties resistant to fungal invasion.   145                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 The myth of the barn egg. Harrison, R. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1991 Nov30. New scientist v. 132 (1797): p. 40-43; 1991 Nov30.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Europe; Animal welfare; Hens; Stocking density; Regulations; European communities; Eggs   146                                     NAL Call. No.: QH1.A43 NABT's policy on the responsible use of animals in biology classrooms: a clarification. Reston, Va. : National Association of Biology Teachers; 1991 Feb. The American biology teacher v. 53 (2): p. 71; 1991 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments--science education-- professional associations--policy   147                              NAL Call. No.: TD171.O44 1992 National guide to funding for the environment and animal welfare. Olson, Stan; Kovacs, Ruth; Haile, Suzanne New York : Foundation Center,; 1992. xxxi, 332 p. ; 28 cm.  Includes indexes.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Environmental protection; Animal welfare; Endowments   148                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 The necessity for interpretation of standards designed to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates., 1st ed.;. Hunt, R.D. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 20-25; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Primates; Animal welfare; Standards; Interpretation; Regulations; History   149                         NAL Call. No.: RA1199.4.I5I58 1993 The need for a scientific panel. Wilcox, N. Baltimore, MD : CAAT; 1993. The International status of validation of in vitro toxicity tests : a report of the CAAT/TCA workshop of June 16-20, 1991. p. 34-36; 1993.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Animal testing alternatives; Validity; Government organizations; Evaluation   150                                      NAL Call. No.: A00069 New research methods seen unlikely to eliminate animal testing. Marcus, E. Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post Co; 1990 Aug28. The Washington post. p. A3; 1990 Aug28.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments--animal welfare--regulations   151                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 Nonhuman primate well-being: an issue of science or politics?. Wolfle, T.L. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 64-67; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 68.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- regulations--politics   152                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.437 Nonhuman primates biosafety..  Nonhuman primates : biosafety Broderson, J. Roger University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by the Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington,; 1992. 60 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (25 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9018).  Developed for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Accompanying guide includes script.  Portions of this project have been funded by grant from the National Agricultural Library.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Primates  Abstract:  Covers four major classes of health hazards within a nonhuman primate facility; practices, equipment and facility design to help prevent disease or injury from these hazards.   153                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.435 Nonhuman primates environmental enrichment..  Nonhuman primates : environmental enrichment Bayne, Kathryn University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by the Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, University of Washington,; 1992. 61 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (25 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9019).  Developed for the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine.  Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Accompanying guide includes script.  Portions of this project has been funded by a grant from the National Agricultural Library.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates as laboratory animals; Primates; Laboratory animals  Abstract:  Covers promotion of psychological well-being by social, non-social, contact, and non-contact approaches.   154                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Observations from the field: a marine mammal inspector's view. Cox, K. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1992 Apr. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 3 (2): p. 2-3; 1992 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Marine mammals; Animal welfare; Inspection   155                                    NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Occupational health guidelines for control of Q fever in sheep research. Harrison, R.J.; Vugia, D.J.; Ascher, M.S. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 590: p. 283-290; 1990.  In the series analytic: Rickettsiology: current issues and perspectives / edited by K.B. Hechemy, D. Paretsky, D.H. Walker, and L.P. Mallavia.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Sheep; Coxiella burnetii; Disease vectors; Health protection; Q fever; Research workers; Zoonoses   156                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J825 Ooplasmic pH and electrical properties of developing locust (Locusta migratoria) eggs. Hawkins, E.; O'Donnell, M.J. Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jul. Journal of insect physiology v. 38 (7): p. 493-502; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Locusta migratoria; Embryonic development; Laboratory rearing; Membrane potential; Oviposition; Ova; Ph  Abstract:  Ooplasmic pH and the electrical potential difference across the egg coverings (PD(egg)) were measured in developing locust (Locusta migratoria) eggs with double- barrelled pH microelectrodes. Successful microelectrode impalements were obtained up to the ninth day of development, the day before hatching at 37 degrees C. PD(egg) for eggs bathed in control saline changed substantially during development, from a minimum of -23 mV in day-1 eggs to a maximum of -78 mV in day-3 eggs, whereas ooplasmic pH remained near 7.2-7.3 before fertilization and up to day 5. Dechorionation reduced PD(egg) in day-3 eggs by only 5 mV. Input resistance decreased from 1.2 M omega in chorionated eggs before fertilization to less than 0.2 M omega in day-1 to day-5 eggs. PD(egg) changed by up to 19 mV for a 10-fold change in bathing saline Cl-concentration, but less than 5 mV for a 10-fold change in the concentration of Na+ or K+. Experiments with internally perfused eggs indicated that the Cl--dependent component of PD(egg) is developed primarily across the serosal cuticle, and that up to 28% of PD(egg) consists of a second potential developed across the serosal epithelium. Contribution of a metabolic pump to the latter component was suggested by the effects of chilling or anoxia on PD(egg) in intact eggs. Acidification of egg ooplasm by 0.2 pH units in hypercapnic bathing saline (7% carbon dioxide) was associated with a 66% hyperpolarization of PD(egg). The results suggest that ooplasmic pH increases as ambient pCO2 declines during ovipoisition, and that an electrogenic proton pump contributes to both PD(egg) and ooplasmic pH regulation.   157                            NAL Call. No.: KD3420.O63  1991 Operations on farm animals a guide to legislation. Great Britain, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food London : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,; 1991. 10 p. ; 21 cm.  Cover title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Veterinary surgery; Animal welfare   158                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35 Opposition plots to halt humane advances. Denver, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal Protection Division; 1990. Advocate v. 8 (2) AGL: p. 8-9, 13. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Animal welfare; Law; Shelters; Animal experiments; Research   159                                  NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 An overview of agencies that developed or monitor compliance. Shalev, M. \u Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1994 Sep. Lab animal v. 23 (8): p. 38, 40-42, 44; 1994 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Regulations; Monitoring; Organizations; Animal experiments; Animal husbandry   160                         NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B44 1991 A patent on life ownership of plant and animal research. Belcher, Brian; Hawtin, G. International Developement Research Center (Canada) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : International Development Research Centre,; 1991. 40 p. ; 25 cm. (Searching series ; 2).  Cover title.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Agricultural biotechnology; Genetic engineering; Deregulation   161                     NAL Call. No.: NBUS494.5 B563 B44 1991 A patent on life ownership of plant and animal research. Belcher, Brian; Hawtin, G. International Development Research Center (Canada) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : International Development Research Centre,; 1991. 40 p. ; 25 cm. (Searching series ; 2).  Caption title.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Agricultural biotechnology; Genetic engineering; Deregulation   162                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Pet overpopulation and humane education in schools and communities. Avanzino, R. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (7): p. 1237-1240; 1991 Apr01.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; California; Dogs--cats--overpopulation-- population control--private organizations--animal welfare-- community education--primary education--law   163                                  NAL Call. No.: 448.8 N442 Physicians and the animal-rights movement. Pardes, H.; West, A.; Pincus, H.A. Boston, Mass. : Massachusetts Medical Society; 1991 Jun06. New England journal of medicine v. 324 (23): p. 1640-1643; 1991 Jun06. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare--research--regulations-- physicians--interest groups--mass media--aggressive behavior-- animal testing alternatives   164                            NAL Call. No.: SB950.8.P63 1991 Pocket guide to the humane control of wildlife in cities & towns. Hodge, Guy R.; Bridgeland, William Humane Society of the United States Washington, DC (2100 L St., NW, Washington 20037) : Humane Society of the U.S. ; Helena, MT : Falcon Press,; 1991. vii, 116 p. : ill. ; 19 cm.  Includes index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Urban pests; Wildlife pests; Animal welfare   165                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Policy, program and people: the three P's to well-being. Wolfe, T.L. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 41-47; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 37.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs--laboratory animals--animal welfare- -policy   166                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 The politics of formula-fed veal calf production. Schwartz, A. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 May15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (10): p. 1578-1586; 1990 May15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Calves; Meat production; Veal; Diets; Animal health; Animal welfare; Legislation   167                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Potential liability for zoos and zoo veterinarians. Hannah, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Feb01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (3): p. 392-393; 1991 Feb01.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Zoo animals; Zoological gardens; Veterinarians; Legal liability   168                             NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.650 A Producers guide to preventing predation of livestock. United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,; 1992; A 1.75:650. 14 p. : ill. ; 14 x 22 cm. (Agriculture information bulletin ; no. 650). Shipping list no.: 92-0567-P.  "Issued July 1992"-- P. [2].  Includes bibliographical references (p. 14).  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Wildlife conservation; Predatory animals   169                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 Projected costs for compliance with the proposed regulations. Rich, B.A. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 75-78; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--legislation-- administration--costs   170                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 The proposed USDA/APHIS regulations. Schwindaman, D.F. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 5-7; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md. AGL.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- legislation--usda   171                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 The psychological well-being of captive primates: protecting the public interest., 1st ed.;. Leonard, E.A. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 202-206; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Massachusetts; Primates; Animal welfare; Regulations; Law; Licenses   172                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Psychological well-being: the billion-dollar solution., 1st ed.;. Wolfle, T.L. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 119-128; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Assessment; Legislation   173                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 The public health service's perspective of the proposed regulations. Miller, J. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 8-11; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- legislation   174                              NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 Public policy and animal biotechnology in the 1990s: challenges and opportunities. Stenholm, C.W. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1992. NABC report / (4): p. 25-35; 1992.  In the series analytic: Animal biotechnology: opportunities and challenges.  Proceedings of the fourth annual NABC meeting, May 1992, College Station, Texas.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Biotechnology; Animal experiments; Agricultural research   175                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Qualification of EYTEX data: a user's guide. Martin, C.G. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1993 Apr. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 21 (2): p. 239-259; 1993 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Guidelines  Abstract:  The EYTEX system has been shown to be a very useful tool in the in vitro testing of toiletry raw materials. However, the interpretation of the results is not always simple. It requires an understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of the samples and of their interactions with components of the EYTEX system. The results of 364 assays using the EYTEX standard assay, membrane partition assay, rapid membrane assay and upright membrane assay protocols have been collated against the problem areas for each method. These assays were performed on a collection of 18 pure surfactant raw materials and also on blends of surfactants. The results for 18 surfactants are reviewed according to surfactant type and interpreted with reference to the concentration-response curve for each material. This paper describes the problem areas of inhibition, interference and negative optical densities associated with the non-qualification of EYTEX assays, and shows how they have been overcome. In conclusion, some guidelines for using a concentration-response assay are given, so that the optimum concentration for a dose-response assay for a new sample can be obtained with the minimum waste of time or reagents.   176                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.381 Rabbits care and management in a laboratory setting..  Rabbits, care and managment in a laboratory setting Harwell, James F.; Pucak, George University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources Seattle, WA : Produced and distributed by University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources,; 1990. 47 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (20 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9002).  Publication date on guide: 1991. Sound accompaniment compatible for manual and automatic operation.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits as laboratory animals; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Covers importance of the environment, writing procedures for care and management to comply with the Animal Welfare Act and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.   177                                NAL Call. No.: Slide no.379 Rabbits introduction to use in research..  Rabbits, introduction to use in research Van Hoosier, G. L.; DiGiacomo, R. F. University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources Seattle, WA : produced and distributed by University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources,; 1990. 46 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (19 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9001).  Publication date on guide: 1991. Sound accompaniment compatible for automatic and manual operation.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits as laboratory animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Presents laws and guidelines, historical use in research and testing, development of alternatives, attributes as research animals, recognition of pain and disease, and signs and significance of common diseases.   178                                  NAL Call. No.: QH442.G393 Recent developments in animal patenting. Matthews, K.I. Cambridge, Mass. : Council for Responsible Genetics; 1993 Mar. Genewatch v. 8 (5/6): p. 5; 1993 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Genetic engineering; Recombinant  DNA; Laboratory animals; Mice; Transgenic animals; Patents; Legislation   179                             NAL Call. No.: TS1960.G73 1991 Recommended animal handling guidelines for meat packers. Grandin, Temple Washington, DC : American Meat Institute, [1991?]; 1991. 21 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock; Animal welfare   180                           NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1853/E Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of dairy cattle. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada, Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ont. : Available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada; 1990. 41 p. ; 23 cm. (Agriculture Canada publication ; 1853/E).  Produced by Research Program Service.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cattle--Dairy cattle   181                              NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 The regulation of genetically engineered animals: going from bad to worse. Mellon, M. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1992. NABC report / (4): p. 165-169; 1992.  In the series analytic: Animal biotechnology: opportunities and challenges.  Proceedings of the fourth annual NABC meeting, May 1992, College Station, Texas.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Genetic engineering; Regulations; Animal experiments   182                                   NAL Call. No.: aQL55.B36 Regulations and requirements. Bennett, B.T. Beltsville, Md. : USDA, National Agricultural Library; 1990 Apr. Essentials for animal research : a primer for research personnel / by B.T. Bennett, M.J. Brown and J.C. Schofield. p. 1-12; 1990 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals; Animal research; Animal welfare; Regulations; Legislation; Private organizations; Accreditation   183                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Regulations for canine well-being in Canada. Rowsell, H.C. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 11-18; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Dogs--animal welfare--laboratory animals- -legislation   184                            NAL Call. No.: aHV4764.U53 1992 Regulatory enforcement and animal care policy manual. United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care Hyattsville, Md.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care,; 1992; A 101.8:An 5/2. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., map ; [1992].  Cover title.  Shipping list no.: 92-0382-P.  May 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   185                                NAL Call. No.: QL737.C22C36 Regulatory requirements for exercise of dogs. Schwindaman, D.F. Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Canine research environment / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 3-10; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 22, 1989, Bethesda, Md. Question and answer session p. 8-10.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs--animal welfare--exercise-- regulations--laboratory animals   186                                  NAL Call. No.: Z7994.L3A5 Report and recommendations of an international workshop on promotion of the regulatory acceptance of validated non-animal toxicity test procedures. Balls, M.; Botham, P.; Cordier, A.; Fumero, S.; Kayser, D.; Koeter, H.; Koundakjian, P.; Lindquist, N.G.; Meyer, O.; Pioda, L. Nottingham : Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments; 1990 Nov. Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA v. 18: p. 339-344; 1990 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Acceptability; Validity   187                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4 Report of the Validation and Technology Transfer committee of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Framework for validation and implementation of in vitro toxicity tests. Goldberg, A.M.; Frazier, J.M.; Brusick, D.; Dickens, M.S.; Flint, O.; Gettings, S.D.; Hill, R.N.; Lipnick, R.L.; Renskers, K.J.; Bradlaw, J.A. London : Taylor & Francis, 1971- ; 1993 May. Xenobiotica v. 23 (5): p. 563-572; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: In vitro; Animal models; In vitro culture; Methodology  Abstract:  The development and application of in vitro alternatives designed to reduce or replace the use of animals, or to lessen the distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend in toxicology. However, at present there is no formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate validation activities. A framework capable of fostering the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technological developments from the research laboratory into practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks, a data bank, and reference laboratories. The creation of a Scientific Advisory Board composed of experts in the various aspects and endpoints of toxicity testing, and representing the academic, industrial and regulatory communities, is recommended. Test validation acceptance is contingent upon broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community--academics, industry and government. This is best achieved by early and frequent communication among parties and agreement upon common goals. It is hoped that the creation of a validation infrastructure composed of the elements described in this report will facilitate scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of replacement, reduction and refinement alternatives in toxicity testing.   188                           NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7R86  1992 Research protocol & technician's manual a guide to the care, feeding, & evaluation of infant monkeys..  Research protocol and technician's manual, 2nd ed.. Ruppenthal, Gerald C.; Sackett, Gene P. University of Washington, Infant Primate Research Laboratory Seattle, Wash. : Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington,; 1992. 83, [60] p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Primates as laboratory animals   189                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Researchers' dilemma; scientists applaud the law but admit privately that it is difficult to put into practice. Birke, L.; Michael, M. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Apr04. New scientist v. 134 (1815): p. 25-28; 1992 Apr04.  Language:  English  Descriptors: England; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Legislation; Public opinion   190                           NAL Call. No.: KF27.A33277 1992a Review of U.S. Department of Agriculture's enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act, specifically of animals used in exhibitions hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, July 8, 1992..  Review of US Department of Agriculture's enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act, specifically of animals used in exhibitions United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,; 1992; Y 4.Ag 8/1:102-75. iii, 1071 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Shipping list no.: 92-0571-P.  Serial no. 102-75.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Working animals; Captive wild animals   191                           NAL Call. No.: SF407.R6R63  1994 Rodents and rabbits current research issues : proceedings of a conference sponsored by SCAW and WARDS held in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1993. Niemi, Steven M.; Venable, Joseph S.; Guttman, Helene N. Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Working with Animals Used in Research, Drugs, and Surgery Greenbelt, MD (7833 Walker Dr., Suite 340, Greenbelt 20770) : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare ; Washington, DC (1660 L St. N.W., #612, Washington 20036) : WARDS,; 1994. iii, 81 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents as laboratory animals; Rabbits as laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   192                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.967 Rodents basic needs, handling and care. Hamm, Thomas E. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (18 min., 21 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rodents as laboratory animals--Animal welfare  Abstract:  Training video for research personnel which includes a discussion of animal shipping, identification, viral disease monitoring, confinement caging, water, bedding and environment for rodents. Guidelines for determining when euthanasia is appropriate are provided.   193                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Role of breeding regulation laws in solving the dog and cat overpopulation problem. Sturla, K. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Mar15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (6): p. 928-932; 1993 Mar15.  Paper presented at the "AVMA Animal Welfare Forum: Overpopulation of unwanted dogs and cats," Nov 6, 1992, Chicago, Illinois.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dogs; Cats; Population control; Overpopulation; Animal breeding; Regulations   194                                  NAL Call. No.: 412.9 N814 The role of the federal government in humane treatment of captive wildlife. Garbe, J.A.L.; Wywialowski, A. Washington, D.C. : Wildlife Management Institute; 1991. Transactions of the ... North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (56th): p. 372-376; 1991.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Wildlife; Animal welfare; Capture of animals; Federal government; Legislation; Natural resources; Usda   195                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.S37 Ruling on lab rodents could reduce oversight of all animal sites. Mervis, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : Institute for Scientific Information :.; 1992 Feb17. The scientist v. 6 (4): p. 3, 10; 1992 Feb17.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Usda; Regulation   196                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 S.544. Heflin, H. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1992 Jul. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 3 (3): p. 1, 7-8; 1992 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Legislation   197                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.S37 Scientists doubtful about new law aiming to protect animal research facilities. Kaufman, R. Philadelphia, Pa. : Institute for Scientific Information; 1992 Oct26. The scientist v. 6 (21): p. 1, 5; 1992 Oct26.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Legislation; Vandalism   198                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 The secret world of animal experiments. Hampson, J. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Apr11. New scientist v. 134 (1816): p. 24-27; 1992 Apr11.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Ethics; Legislation   199                                   NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65 Shocking docking: mutilation before education?. Cregier, S.E. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1990 Jul. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 10 (4): p. 252-255; 1990 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses--tail--docking--animal welfare--law   200                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Social interaction in nonhuman primates: an underlying theme for primate research. Novak, M.A.; Suomi, S.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (4): p. 308-314; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates; Social interaction; Animal experiments; Animal housing; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Social living is assumed to be a critical feature of nonhuman primate existence inasmuch as most primate species live in social groups in nature. Recent USDA legislation emphasizes the importance of social contact in promoting psychological well-being and recommends that laboratory primates be housed with companions when consistent with research protocols. Our goals were to examine the link between social housing and psychological well-being and to explore the idea that research may be compromised when primates are studied in environments that vary too greatly from their natural ecological setting (individual cage housing versus group housing). Three general points emerge from these examinations. First, providing companionship may be a very potent way in which to promote psychological well-being in nonhuman primates; however, social living is not synonymous with well-being. The extent to which social housing promotes psychological well-being can vary across species and among individual members of the same species (for example, high- and low-ranking monkeys). Secondly, housing conditions can affect research outcomes in that group-housed animals may differ from individually housed animals in response to some manipulation. Social interaction may be a significant variable in regulating the biobehavioral responses of nonhuman primates to experimental manipulations. Finally, a larger number of socially housed subjects than individually housed subjects maybe necessary for some biomedical research projects to yield adequate data analysis. Thus, social living has significant benefits and some potential costs not only for the animals themselves, but for the research enterprise.   201                                   NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A social tethering system for nonhuman primates used in laboratory research. Coelho, A.M. Jr; Carey, K.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 388-394; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Primates--tethered housing--catheters--cages-- social behavior--monitoring--sampling--physiological functions--animal welfare  Abstract:  A housing and tether system was designed to permit sampling of body fluids, chronic monitoring of physiologic parameters (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate), performance of species typical behavioral interactions (aggression, affiliation, reproduction, etc), physical exercise (work on a motorized treadmill), assessment of water and diet consumption, as well as feces and urine collection. The system provided primates with the opportunity to engage in species typical social behavior and thereby minimized conditions which have been identified as contributing to the development of abnormal behaviors associated with individual housing. The system consisted of two parts: (a) a specialized cage system for housing small social groups of primates and (b) a tether and indwelling catheter system. Each modular system permitted four adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) to be tethered and housed in a social group. Each cage was 2.44 X 2.44 X 1.22 m (L X W X H) and could be subdivided by means of woven wire wall partitions. The tether system consisted of a backpack, a cloth jacket, a stainless-steel flexible cable containing electrical cables and catheters, and a saline infusion pump mounted on top of the cage. The system provides laboratory primates with the ability to socially interact with other nonhuman primates. The social cage tether system represents an example of a housing environment which could conform to both the letter and spirit of the new animal welfare legislation and still remain compatible with the objective of obtaining scientific data.   202                                      NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 A socio-economic perspective on animal welfare. McInerney, J. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1991. Outlook on agriculture v. 20 (1): p. 51-56; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare--animal production--food prices--law--livestock--socioeconomic status   203                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Source of information in heart research 1978 and 1988. Lekven, J. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 25 (2): p. 162-167; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Medical research; Heart; Regulations; Animal testing alternatives  Abstract:  Several regulatory provisions have been introduced during the last decade that might interfere with the conduct of experimental medical science. In order to study their impact on the source of information within one major field, heart research, a total of 3579 abstracts from the 1978 and 1988 Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association were analysed with respect to their source of information. There was no change in overall fractions of classical patient studies (45%) or experimental animal studies (30%) for the 2 years although regulations have been introduced in both areas. There was no evidence that the volume of circulatory physiology, a subset that extensively utilizes animal experimentation, declined relative to other subsets of the composite information base. The fraction of cell culture studies clearly rose over the period at the expense of in vitro laboratory studies but not as replacement for animal experimentation. Particularly tight regulations on experiments with selected species apparently explains why dogs and cats are less frequently used relative to rats, rabbits, ferrets and pigs which represent the alternatives. Nevertheless, the absolute number of dog studies doubled over the 10-year period and this species still remains the most widely used experimental model in heart research. The study does not reveal directly what is actually performed within the research community but rather identifies the source of information for those studies that are considered to bring about pertinent new information in modern heart research.   204                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.969 Sources of information on animal research legislation and animal welfare Robin C. Guy. Guy, Robin C. American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directions 1990 : Orlando, Fla. Closter, N.J. : Production Plus, Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassete (14 min., 18 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.  Videotape of a presentation at Symposium: Animal Welfare Compliance for Study Directors; presented at the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology, Orlando, Fla., Oct. 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare  Abstract:  The sources of information for animal welfare legislation, educational materials, databases, alternatives and animal research advocacy are described and addresses provided. Includes information on organizations such as AALAS, AAALAC, AWIC, ILAR, SCAW, CAAT, FRAME, NABR, FBR, iiFAR and others.   205                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35 Spiders and snakes and carp. Oh, my!. Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal Protection Division; 1994. Advocate v. 12 (2): p. 20-21; 1994.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Acting; Guidelines; Fishes; Insects; Arachnida; Snakes   206                            NAL Call. No.: SF405.F8S72 1991 Standard guidelines for the operation of fox farms in the United States. Fur Farm Animal Welfare Coalition St. Paul, Minn. : Fur Farm Animal Welfare Coalition,; 1991. 19 p. ; 23 x 11 cm.  Cover title.  February 1991.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Foxes; Fur farming; Animal welfare   207                             NAL Call. No.: KF3841.S73 1991 State laws concerning the use of animals in research., 3rd ed.. National Association for Biomedical Research (U.S.) Washington, D.C. : NABR,; 1991. 83 p. ; 28 cm.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Laboratories   208                                  NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1V4 The status of the steel trap in North America. Glass, J.H. Davis, Calif. : University of California; 1990 Jul. Proceedings ... Vertebrate Pest Conference (14th): p. 252-254; 1990 Jul. Meeting held March 6-8, 1990, Sacramento, California.  Language:  English  Descriptors: North America; Animal welfare--furbearing animals--furs--legislation--trapping--traps   209                            NAL Call. No.: QL751.6.S75 1993 Stereotypic animal behaviour fundamentals and applications to welfare. Lawrence, Alistair B.; Rushen, Jeffrey Wallingford [England] ; Tuscon, Ariz. : CAB International,; 1993. x, 212 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Stereotyped behavior (Psychiatry)   210                             NAL Call. No.: HV4931.R45 1992 Stolen for profit how the medical establishment is funding a national pet-theft conspiracy. Reitman, Judith New York : Pharos Books,; 1992. xiv, 258 p., [4] p. of plates : ill. ; 24 cm.  Includes index.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal experimentation; Pet theft; Laboratory animals   211                              NAL Call. No.: SF403.5.E86S78 Study into the legal, technical and animal welfare aspects of fur farming. Commission of the European Communities Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1991. 111 p. ; 30 cm. (Deadline 92, a frontier-free Europe; Document / Commission of the European Communities).  Catalogue no.: CM-60-91-935-EN-C.  Contract no. 3814/12.  Date: July 1990.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Fur farming--Animal industry   212                     NAL Call. No.: NBUSF403.5 E86 S78 1991 Study into the legal, technical and animal welfare aspects of fur farming. Commission of the European Communities Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1991. 111 p. ; 30 cm. (Deadline 92, a frontier-free Europe; Document (Commission of the European Communities)).  Catalogue no.: CM-60-91-935-EN-C.  Contract no. 3814/12.  Date: July 1990.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Fur farming--Animal industry   213                        NAL Call. No.: KJC6237.A36S86  1992 Summary of legislation relative to animal welfare at the levels of the European Community and the Council of Europe., Rev.. Eurogroup for Animal Welfare Brussels : The Group,; 1992. 3 v. ; 30 cm.  September 1992.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare   214                          NAL Call. No.: ArUKF1730.W55 1991 Sustainable agriculture and the U.S. cattle industry an examination of laws, production practices and research studies. Wilder, Julia R. 1991; 1991. i, 288 leaves ; 28 cm.  "December 1991"--T.p.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-285).  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Sustainable agriculture; Animal industry; Agricultural laws and legislation   215                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Swiss back animal research by a whisker. Toro, T. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Feb22. New scientist v. 133 (1809): p. 11; 1992 Feb22.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Switzerland; Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Legislation   216                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 The symbiosis of legislation and of voluntary control--the Canadian experience. Rowsell, H.C. Sussex : The Institute; 1991 Apr. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 42 (1): p. 1-10; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Teaching; Training; Testing; Legislation; Regulations; Animal welfare   217                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Teaching animal welfare in the land grant universities. Friend, T.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 68 (10): p. 3462-3467; 1990 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Teaching; Curriculum; Agricultural colleges; Bioethics; History; Legislation   218                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Teaching standard agricultural practices that are known to be painful. McGlone, J.J.; Hicks, T.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 1071-1074; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Teaching; Pain; Stress; Castration  Abstract:  Animal science faculty teach, demonstrate, and ask students to perform procedures that are known to be painful. Potentially painful procedures include castration, branding, dehorning, ear notching, teeth clipping, beak trimming, comb and wattle removal, and tail docking. In each case, the degree of pain experienced by an animal is generally not known. Furthermore, the consequences of animals having to endure pain are also not fully understood. A survey was conducted of animal science faculty to identify current departmental policies and practices related to castration in beef and swine production classes. Departments vary in what they require of students. Departments should set a policy to address 1) which (and how) potentially painful procedures are taught and 2) how the faculty deal with students who refuse to participate in putatively painful procedures. The institutional animal care and use committee should approve potentially painful teaching procedures after instructor and department have concluded that teaching such procedures is essential to a complete educational experience.   219                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4764.T53 Theft of dogs and cats report, 1976-1990. Action 81 Inc Berryville, Va. : Action 81 Inc., [1990?]; 1990. 1 v. (unpaged) : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare--United States; Larceny--United States; Dogs--Law and legislation--United States; Cats--Law and legislation--United States; Dogs as laboratory animals; Cats as laboratory animals   220                                NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.D4J6 Towards committed and collaborative camelid research. Wilson, R.T. London, New York, Academic Press; 1994 Jan. Journal of arid environments v. 26 (1): p. 95-103; 1994 Jan.  In the special issue: Proceedings of the First Research Coordination Meeting of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture's Interregional Coordinated Programme for Improving the Productivity of Camelids held at the Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco, 17-21 June, 1991 / edited by R.T. Wilson.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dromedaries; Camels; Alpacas; Llamas; Vicunas; Agricultural research; Research policy; Research support; Animal husbandry; Animal production   221                                  NAL Call. No.: RA1190.R42 Toxicological considerations for protein components of biological pesticide products. Sjoblad, R.D.; McClintock, J.T.; Engler, R. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Feb. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP v. 15 (1): p. 3-9; 1992 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Microbial pesticides; Microbial proteins; Toxicity; Taxonomy; Manufacture; Testing; Quality controls; Guidelines; Federal government  Abstract:  The toxicity of protein components of microbial pesticide products is evaluated at EPA by requiring that pesticide manufacturers conduct a thorough taxonomic evaluation of the active microbial ingredient. The requirement for acute toxicity testing by dosing laboratory animals with the active microbial ingredient and with fermentation growth medium materials provides additional information on the toxicity of protein components of microbial pesticides. The potential for toxicity from proteins associated with contaminating organisms is addressed by use of appropriate quality control procedures to minimize or prevent growth of contaminants and by screening of fermentation batches for known human/mammalian pathogens. These considerations also would apply to any biochemical pesticide that is formed via the growth of a microorganism. If a protein itself is intended for commercial use as an active pesticide ingredient, acute exposure studies and in vitro digestibility studies could be done to answer potential concerns regarding toxicity.   222                                     NAL Call. No.: QL55.I5 Training in laboratory animal medicine and science: the Canadian situation. McLaughlin, S. Sussex : The Institute; 1990 Dec. Animal technology : journal of the Institute of Animal Technology v. 41 (3): p. 181-190; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Technical training--veterinary education--technicians--veterinarians--research workers-- laboratory animals  Abstract:  Education of technicians, investigators and laboratory animal veterinarians is a matter of increasing concern in Canada. Three basic training models exist for technicians: full-time college programs, in-house courses and a cooperative venture involving a community college (St. Lawrence, Kingston) and participating laboratory animal facilities coast-to-coast across Canada. CALAS/ACTAL maintains a technician registry. Training of investigators is all done currently in-house. In some universities, this training is mandatory. The CCAC syllabus provides guidelines for such training courses. Currently there is not a registry for investigators. There are limited opportunities in Canada for postdoctoral training in laboratory animal medicine for veterinarians. The situation is under review by CALAM which is conducting a needs assessment. Canadian laboratory animal veterinarians seeking recognition for specialised training must do so currently by writing to the Board examination of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM).   223                            NAL Call. No.: SF407.P7T49 1991 Translating research into workable regulations., 1st ed.;. Bennett, B.T. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association ;; 1991. Through the looking glass: issues of psychological well-being in captive nonhuman primates / edited by Melinda A. Novak and Andrew J. Petto. p. 191-196; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Primates; Animal welfare; Regulations   224                            NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Trapping and poisoning., 4th ed. Liss, C. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 157-189; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Furbearing animals; Wild animals; Trapping; Poisoning; Capture of animals; Animal welfare; Law   225                        NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 U.S. Agriculture Policy in the 1990's. Smith, J.A.R. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association, April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 12-15; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Agricultural policy--trade policy-- livestock--transport of animals--animal welfare   226                                   NAL Call. No.: LB2300.C5 U.S. eases proposed regulations on care of laboratory animals; researchers are relieved, but welfare groups are critical. Myers, C. Washington, D.C. : Chronicle of higher education :.; 1990 Sep05. The chronicle of higher education v. 37 (1): p. A20, A26; 1990 Sep05.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Animal experiments; Usda; Regulations   227                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 U.S. Food and Drug Administration animal use in testing FDA- regulated products. Beltsville, Md. : National Agricultural Library, AWIC; 1993 Apr. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 4 (2): p. 14; 1993 Apr.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; New products; Testing; Government organizations   228                                      NAL Call. No.: Q1.S37 U.S. officials defend animal research. Mervis, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : Institute for Scientific Information :.; 1990 Jan08. The scientist v. 4 (1): p. 1, 4, 33; 1990 Jan08.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments--animal welfare-- ethics--legislation   229                              NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 USDA regulation of animal biotechnology. Frydenlund, J.E. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1992. NABC report / (4): p. 149-155; 1992.  In the series analytic: Animal biotechnology: opportunities and challenges.  Proceedings of the fourth annual NABC meeting, May 1992, College Station, Texas.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Animal experiments; Biotechnology; Usda; Regulations   230                                   NAL Call. No.: SF406.U84 The Use of animals at Cornell University a policies and procedures manual. Cornell University, Center for Research Animal Resources Ithaca, N.Y.? : Cornell University, [1990?]-; 1990-9999. 1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill. ; 30 cm.  "Center for Research Animal Resources is responsible for developing this manual, updating and supplementing it as necessary, ... "--P. [5].  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals--Animal experimentation-- Animal welfare--Animal models in research   231                                  NAL Call. No.: 448.9 AM37 Use of animals in medical education. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Aug14. JAMA : Journal of the American Medical Association v. 266 (6): p. 836-837; 1991 Aug14.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments--medical education--animal models--animal testing alternatives--policy--ethics   232                             NAL Call. No.: HV4928.U84 1992 Using animals in intramural research guidelines for investigators. NIH Animal Care and Use Committee, NIH Training Center (U.S.) Bethesda, Md.? : NIH Animal Care and Use Committee : NIH Training Center,; 1992; HE 20.3008:AN 5/3/992. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  Shipping list no.: 92-0682-P.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   233                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Validation of in vitro methods: regulatory issues. Wilcox, N.L. Beltsville, MD : National Agricultural Library, AWIC, 1990-; 1994. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 5 (2): p. 1-2, 9-10; 1994. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Animal testing alternatives; Validity; Regulations; Government organizations   234                             NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1989a Veal Calf Protection Act joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry and the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on H.R. 84, June 6, 1989. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry; United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.; 1990; Y 4.Ag 8/1:101-18. iv, 481 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.  Serial no. 101-18.  Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Calves--Government policy--United States; Veal-- Standards--United States; Agricultural laws and legislation-- United States; Animal industry--Law and legislation--United States   235                              NAL Call. No.: DISS  F1993222 Vergleich der Tierschutzgesetzgebung in Deutschland und in der Schweiz (unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Geschichte des Schweizer Tierschutzes, der Probleme im Vollzug und der Verbesserungsmoglichkeiten fur den deutschen Tierschutz)  [Comparison of animal welfare legislation in Switzerland and in Germany with special consideration of the history of Swiss animal welfare, problems in the penal system and possibilities for improving animal protection in Germany]. Bonning, Ute Hannover : [s.n.],; 1993. 139 p. : ill., maps ; 21 cm.  Summary in English.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-139).  Language:  German   236                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Victorian values and animal rights. Elston, M. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 May23. New scientist v. 134 (1822): p. 28-31; 1992 May23.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal welfare; Legislation; History   237                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 The vital link: veterinarians in biomedical research and laboratory animal care. Whitney, R.A. Jr Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (8): p. 1385-1389; 1991 Apr15.  Paper presented at the "AVMA Animal Welfare Forum: Enhancing Wellness in Animals and People," Nov. 9, 1990. Chicago, Illinois. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Laboratory animals--veterinarians--animal welfare--animal experiments--veterinary medicine--law   238                                NAL Call. No.: aHV4701.A952 Welfare concerns for farm animals used in agricultural and biomedical research and teaching. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, MD : National Agricultural Library, AWIC, 1990-; 1994. Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter v. 5 (1): p. 2-4; 1994.  In the special issue: Farm animals in research and teaching.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Agricultural research; Medical research; Teaching materials; Accountability; Guidelines   239                            NAL Call. No.: QL83.4.W45  1992 Welfare guidelines for the re-introduction of captive bred mammals to the wild. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, International Academy of Animal Welfare Sciences Potters Bar, [England] : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare,; 1992. 10 p. ; 21 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 9-10).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Wildlife reintroduction; Captive mammals; Wildlife conservation; Animal welfare   240                             NAL Call. No.: HV4704.W38 1990 The Well-being of agricultural animals in biomedical and agricultural research proceedings from a SCAW-sponsored conference, Agricultural Animals in Research, held September 6-7, 1990 in Washington, D.C., with additional material provided by the authors..  Well being of agricultural animals in biomedical and agricultural research Mench, Joy A.; Mayer, Stephen J.; Krulisch, Lee Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Washington, D.C.), Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) Bethesda, MD : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare,; 1992. viii, 112 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  February 1992.  The National Agricultural Library's Animal Welfare Information Center through Specific Cooperative agreement no. 58-32U4-0-36 helped make this publication possible.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Livestock; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare   241                                 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P9W44 Well-being of nonhuman primates in research: overview of the issues. Swenson, R.B. Bethesda, MD Scientists Center for Animal Welfare; 1990 Jan. Well-being of nonhuman primates in research / edited by Joy A. Mench and Lee Krulisch. p. 60-63; 1990 Jan.  Paper presented at a conference held by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, June 23, 1989, Bethesda, Md.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare--laboratory animals-- legislation   242                                    NAL Call. No.: HM208.E5 Whaling: a sustainable use of natural resources or a violation of animal rights?. Skare, M. Washington, D.C. : Heldref Publications; 1994 Sep. Environment v. 36 (7): p. 12-20, 30-31; 1994 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Norway; Cabt; Whales; Whale meat; Animal welfare; Sustainability; Policy; Moral values   243                                  NAL Call. No.: SK357.A1W5 Why do we debate animal rights?. Schmidt, R.H. Bethesda, Md. : The Society; 1990. Wildlife Society bulletin v. 18 (4): p. 459-461; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Animal welfare; Hunting; Regulations; Trapping; Wildlife management   244                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Why modification of the LD50 test will not be enough. Balls, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 25 (3): p. 198-206; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Animal testing alternatives; Animal experiments; Toxicity; Tests; European communities  Abstract:  During the last 10 years, the 'Three Rs' (reduction, refinement and replacement) concept of alternatives has come to be widely accepted, and new national and international laws require that non-animal procedures should replace animal experimentation wherever possible. Some reduction and refinement of animal use in toxicity testing has been achieved, and nonanimal methods are becoming widely used as prescreens. However, even replacing the LD50 test by a modified and validated animal test, the Fixed Dose Procedure, will be a major achievement. In this paper it is argued that this is not good enough, and that more effort must be put into the development, validation, acceptance and use of genuine replacement alternative tests.  **Go to:**Author Index |  Subject Index | Top of Document
Author Index ACT Department of Education and the Arts, Animal Ethics Committee 96 Action 81 Inc 219 American College of Toxicology, Meeting_1990 :_Orlando, Fla.),Production Plus, Inc 7, 19, 48, 192, 204 Anderson, Dale L. 102 Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S),National Agricultural Library (U.S.) 26 Ascher, M.S. 155 Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Animal Behavior Society 75 Avanzino, R. 162 Baik, M.G. 141 Balls, M. 50, 186, 244 Basu, P. 85 Bateson, P. 39 Bauston, G. 65 Bayne, Kathryn 153 Beary, B. 106 Belcher, Brian 160, 161 Bennett, B.T. 78, 182, 223 Bidinotto, R.J. 143 Bino, G. del 70 Birbeck, A.L. 76 Birke, L. 189 Bloomsmith, M.A. 95 Boast, Carol 125 Bonning, Ute 235 Bosland, M.C. 131 Botham, P. 186 Bradlaw, J.A. 187 Brent, L.Y. 95 Bridgeland, William 164 Britz, W.E. Jr 43 Broderson, J. Roger 152 Brouwer, G. 128 Brown, M.J. 94 Brusick, D. 187 Buckwell, A.C. 128 Buntain, B. 87 Bunyan, J. 128 Butler, T.M. 105 Canadian Council on Animal Care 93 Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada, Agriculture Canada 180 Carey, K.D. 201 Carlson, P. 91 Choi, C.B. 141 Clemmitt, M. 127 Clingerman, Karen J. 25, 26, 28, 29 Coelho, A.M. Jr 201 Colvin, Tom L. 79 Commission of the European Communities 211, 212 Connolly, G. 57 Cordier, A. 186 Cordle, M.K. 3 Cornell University, Center for Research Animal Resources 230 Cotter, P.A. 42 Countrywise Communication (Firm),Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 73 Cox, K. 154 Cregier, S.E. 199 Cross, Brenda M. 93 Daly, K. 72 Dawkins, Marian Stamp 75 Dent, N.J. 89 Dickens, M.S. 187 Dierauf, L.A. 67 Dierauf, L.A. \u US House of Representatives on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Washington, DC 66 DiGiacomo, R. F. 177 Douglass, A. 138 Ehui, S. 135 Elston, M. 236 Engler, K. 21 Engler, R. 221 Eurogroup for Animal Welfare 213 Ewald, Bruce H. 19 Flint, O. 187 Ford, J.J. 62 Foundation Center 90 Frazier, J.M. 187 Friend, T.H. 217 Frydenlund, J.E. 229 Frye, Fredric L. 46 Fumero, S. 186 Fur Farm Animal Welfare Coalition 206 Gallagher, S. 87 Garbe, J.A.L. 194 Garbe, Jo Anne L. 129 Garner, Robert, 37 Gavaghan, H. 12 Gettings, S.D. 187 Glass, J.H. 208 Gleason, Sean J. 25, 26 Goethals, F. 115 Goldberg, A.M. 187 Gosling, Morris 75 Grandin, Temple 179 Great Britain, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 157 Greeve, P. de 131 Gregory, J.A. 128 Gregory, N.G. 107 Grier, Ronald L. 79 Griffiths, P.H.M. 128 Guaitani, A. 123 Guttman, H. 5 Guttman, Helene N. 100, 191 Guy, Robin C. 204 Haile, Suzanne 147 Halverson, D. 15, 81, 83, 108 Hamline University, Advanced Legal Education 4 Hamm, Thomas E. 192 Hampson, J. 198 Hampson, J.E. 60 Hannah, H.W. 18, 133, 167 Harrison, R. 145 Harrison, R.J. 155 Harwell, James F. 176 Hawkins, E. 156 Hawtin, G. 160, 161 Hays, S.M. 11 Heflin, H. 196 Hicks, T.A. 218 Hill, R.N. 187 Hodge, Guy R. 164 Howard, B.R. 128 Howard, H.J. 62 Howley, P.M. 41 Humane Society of the United States 164 Hunt, R.D. 148 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 92 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Educational Programs in Laboratory Animal Science 69 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), Committee on Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats 51 International Developement Research Center (Canada) 160 International Development Research Center (Canada) 161 International Livestock Centre for Africa 135 Jones, H. 128 Jones, Ron 136 Kaufman, R. 197 Kayser, D. 186 Keeling, M.E. 103 Keller, W.L. 141 Kleinow, Kevin M. 47 Koeter, H. 186 Kohn, B. 139 Kopecky, Lois N. 79 Koundakjian, P. 186 Kovacs, Ruth 147 Krause, M. 8 Krulisch, Lee 47, 111, 240 Lawrence, Alistair B. 209 Leavitt, E.S. 15, 49, 81, 106, 108 Leavitt, Emily Stewart 34 Lekven, J. 203 Leonard, E.A. 171 Lessley, B.E. 63 Lindquist, N.G. 186 Lipner, M. E. 135 Lipnick, R.L. 187 Liss, C. 224 Lloyd, Maggie 101 Loew, F.M. 35 Loew, Franklin M.,_1939- 16 Lyle, C.M. 59 MacKenzie, D. 126 Maerki, U. 53 Marcus, E. 150 Martin, C.G. 175 Massey University, New Zealand Veterinary Association, State Veterinarians Branch, New Zealand Veterinary Association, Foundation for Continuing Education 20 Masters, B. 85 Matthews, K.I. 178 Mayer, Stephen J. 240 McClintock, J.T. 221 McGlone, J.J. 218 McGreal, S. 130 McInerney, J. 202 McLaughlin, S. 222 McWilliam, A. Ann 93 Meeker, D. 32 Melcher, J. 54 Mellon, M. 181 Melvill, L.D. 113 Mench, Joy A. 240 Mervis, J. 195, 228 Meyer, O. 186 Michael, M. 189 Miller, J. 173 Miller, J.F. 42 Millican, K.G. 128 Millsaps, R. 2 Morgan, Ronald L. 48 Myers, C. 226 National Agricultural Library (U.S.) 25, 27, 29, 30 National Agricultural Library (U.S.),Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) 28 National Association for Biomedical Research (U.S.) 207 National Institutes of Health (U.S.) 116 National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Office of Protection from Research Risks, NIH Office of Animal Care and Use 9 Nebraska Food Animal Care Coalition 97 New South Wales, Dept. of School Education 36 Niemi, Steven M. 191 NIH Animal Care and Use Committee, NIH Training Center (U.S.) 232 Nilsson, G. 40 Novak, M.A. 200 Nyberg, Cheryl 125 O'Donnell, M.J. 156 O'Donoghue, P.N. 77, 128 Olfert, Ernest D. 93 Olsen, M.W. 117 Olson, K.E. 68 Olson, Stan 147 Orlans, F.B. 13 Packham, C.J. 57 Pardes, H. 163 Park, C.S. 141 Party, E. 112 Patel, B. 85 Pearson, P.T. 94 Petersen, Gunner V. 20 Pew Charitable Trusts 16 Pincus, H.A. 163 Pioda, L. 186 Pohland, A.E. 144 Porta, Maria A. 125 Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research (Association), Tufts University, School of Medicine, Tufts University, School of Veterinary Medicine 10 Pucak, George 176 Quimby, Fred W. 31 Reinhardt, Christoph A. 6 Reitman, Judith 210 Renskers, K.J. 187 Rich, B.A. 169 Ritskes-Hoitinga, M. 131 Roberfroid, M.B. 115 Rollin, Bernard E. 129 Rood, M. 142 Rossbach, W. 53 Rowan, Andrew N. 16 Rowsell, H.C. 44, 45, 88, 183, 216 Ruppenthal, Gerald C. 188 Rushen, Jeffrey 209 Sackett, Gene P. 188 Schaeffer, Dorcas O. 47 Schapiro, S.J. 95 Scharmann, W. 114 Schmidt, R.H. 243 Schwartz, A. 166 Schwindaman, D. 1 Schwindaman, D.F. 170, 185 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Bethesda, Md.),Wards, Inc 111  Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Washington, D.C.) 100 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (Washington, D.C.), Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) 240 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.), School of Veterinary Medicine 47 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Working with Animals Used in Research, Drugs, and Surgery 191 Seamer, John 31 Segal, M. 119 Shalev, M. \u Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 159 Siemens, A. 132 Silesia Companies, Inc 102 Silverman, J. 110 Sjoblad, R.D. 221 Skare, M. 242 Smith, C.P. 23, 24 Smith, Cynthia P. 30 Smith, Cynthia Petrie 27 Smith, J.A.R. 225 Smith, M.W. 122 Smith, P.D. 52 Stanley, V. 104 Stenholm, C.W. 61, 174 Stevens, C. 49, 64, 83, 118, 124, 140 Sturla, K. 193 Suomi, S.J. 200 Swanson, J. 21 Swanson, J.C. 22, 238 Swanson, Janice C. 25, 26 Sweeney, Noel 33 Swenson, R.B. 241 Terry, M. 14 Texas, Legislature, Joint Interim Committee on the Environment 136  Tomson, F.N. 94 Toro, T. 215 Twyne, P. 104 United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 168 United States, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Welfare Institute 34 United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture 234 United States, Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture, Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 17 United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care 184 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture 17, 82, 190 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 234 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on the Consumer 55 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, International Academy of Animal Welfare Sciences 239 University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources 176, 177 University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Agricultural Library (U.S.) 152, 153 University of Washington, Infant Primate Research Laboratory 188 Urban, O. 85 Van Hoosier, G. L. 177 Vande Pol, S.B. 41 Venable, Joseph S. 191 Vines, G. 137 Vugia, D.J. 155 Waggoner, D.B. 61 Walther, A. 53 Waterman, L. 58 Weer, Joan C. 16 West, A. 163 Whitehair, L.A. 71 Whitney, R.A. Jr 237 Wilcox, N. 149 Wilcox, N.L. 233 Wilder, Julia R. 214 Wilkerson, A. 112 Wilson, James F. 129 Wilson, M.S. 128 Wilson, R.T. 220 Withers, R.V. 59 Wolfe, T.L. 165 Wolfensohn, Sarah 101 Wolff, A. \u National Institutes of Health Animal Center, Poolesville, MD 52 Wolfle, T.L. 151, 172 Wywialowski, A. 194 Young, A.L. 3 Zulauf, C. 8 Zutphen, B.F.M van 131 
**Go to:**Author Index |  Subject Index |  Top of Document

Subject Index Acceptability 186 Accountability 238 Accreditation 182 Acting 205 Africa 130 Agricultural biotechnology 160, 161 Agricultural biotechnology--Law and legislation--Minnesota 4 Agricultural biotechnology--Law and legislation--United States 4 Agricultural colleges 217 Agricultural laws and legislation 214 Agricultural laws and legislation--Minnesota 4 Agricultural laws and legislation--United States 4, 234 Agricultural policy 38, 59, 132 Agricultural policy--trade policy--livestock--transport of animals--animal welfare 225 Agricultural research 3, 132, 174, 220, 238 Allergens 58 Alpacas 220 Amino acids 141 Amphibians as laboratory animals 47 Anesthesia 94 Animal behavior 209 Animal breeding 193 Animal experimentation 6, 16, 75, 97, 101, 116, 125, 152, 191, 210, 232, 240 Animal experiments 12, 14, 23, 24, 35, 52, 54, 60, 74, 77, 88, 91, 94, 99, 106, 109, 123, 126, 131, 142, 158, 159, 174, 181, 189, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 203, 215, 216, 226, 227, 229, 236, 244 Animal experiments--animal welfare--ethics--legislation 228 Animal experiments--animal welfare--legislation 137 Animal experiments--animal welfare--regulations 150 Animal experiments--animal welfare--usda--regulations 121 Animal experiments--medical education--animal models--animal testing alternatives--policy--ethics 231 Animal experiments--science education--professional associations--policy 146 Animal health 166 Animal housing 73, 200 Animal husbandry 44, 52, 86, 110, 159, 220 Animal industry 214 Animal industry--Law and legislation--United States 234 Animal models 42, 187 Animal production 3, 220 Animal research 182 Animal testing alternatives 50, 115, 126, 149, 175, 186, 203, 233, 244 Animal waste 136 Animal welfare 1, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19 Animal Welfare 20 Animal welfare 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 49, 52, 63, 64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 118, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 154, 157, 158, 159, 164, 166, 168, 171, 172, 176, 177, 179, 182, 184, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198, 200, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 223, 224, 226, 232, 236, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243 Animal welfare--animal experiments--usda--regulations 127 Animal welfare--animal production--food prices--law--livestock--socioeconomic status 202 Animal welfare--Congresses 100 Animal welfare--furbearing animals--furs--legislation--trapping--traps 208 Animal welfare--Laboratory animals 7 Animal welfare--Laboratory animals--Animal experimentation--Animals, laboratory 10 Animal welfare--laboratory animals--history--legislation 103 Animal welfare--laboratory animals--legislation 173, 241 Animal welfare--laboratory animals--legislation--impact 105 Animal welfare--laboratory animals--legislation--usda 170 Animal welfare--laboratory animals--regulations--politics 151 Animal welfare--legislation--administration--costs 169 Animal welfare--legislation--impact--administration-- laboratory animals 71 Animal welfare--legislation--regulations--law--animal experiments--bibliographies 22 Animal welfare--politics--protection 2 Animal welfare--research--regulations--physicians--interest groups--mass media--aggressive behavior--animal testing alternatives 163 Animal welfare--United States 219 Animals 102, 119 Arachnida 205 Arizona 117 Asia 130 Assessment 39, 172 Bacterial proteins 42 Bibliographies 21, 23, 24 Bioethics 9, 99, 217 Biotechnology 3, 14, 32, 174, 229 Biotechnology industries--Government policy--Minnesota 4 Biotechnology industries--Government policy--United States 4 Biotechnology--United States--Patents 4 Body weight 141 Bordetella bronchiseptica 42 Bovidae 59 Bovine papillomavirus 41 Breeders' associations 122 Bull fighting 83 Cabt 8, 23, 32, 32, 60, 66, 72, 86, 87, 117, 117, 138, 139, 149, 174, 181, 229, 233, 242 Cages 114 California 113, 155, 162, 243 Calves 166 Calves--Government policy--United States 234 Camels 220 Canada 44, 183, 216, 222 Captive mammals 239 Captive wild animals 46, 190 Capture of animals 194, 224 Caribbean 130 Castration 218 Cats 49, 158, 193 Cats as laboratory animals 219 Cats--Law and legislation--United States 219 Central America 130 Choline 141 Cocks 83 Colonizing ability 42 Commercial farming 8 Committees 44, 52, 86, 110, 120 Committees--usda--directives--animal welfare--bioethics 5 Consumer attitudes 68 Consumer protection--Law and legislation--United States 55 Control 52 Control methods 57 Cosmetics 50 Costs 95 Cows--milk--meat--somatotropin--residues--food safety--animal health--research--food and nutrition controversies--industry--environmental impact--law 56 Coxiella burnetii 155 Criminal procedure--Laboratories--Animal welfare--Laboratory animals 17 Crop damage 57 Crop production 117 Crop yield 117 Curriculum 217 Cyanocobalamin 141 Dairy cattle--Dairy cattle 180 Dairy cows 68 Dairy industry 68 Dairy technology 68 Defense 133 Deficiency 141 Deregulation 160, 161 Diet 141 Diets 166 Diffusion of information 119 Diffusion of research 119 Disease vectors 155 Disinfectants 58 Dna replication 41 Dogs 64, 83, 158, 193 Dogs as laboratory animals 219 Dogs--animal welfare--exercise--regulations--laboratory animals 185  Dogs--animal welfare--laboratory animals--legislation 183 Dogs--cages--animal welfare--legislation 43 Dogs--cats--overpopulation--population control--private organizations--animal welfare--community education--primary education--law 162 Dogs--laboratory animals--animal welfare--policy 165 Dogs--Law and legislation--United States 219 Domestic animals 78, 97 Domestic animals--Animal welfare--Animal experimentation 82 Dromedaries 220 Drugs 14, 58 Education 88, 106 Educational programs 123 Effluents 117 Eggs 145 Embryonic development 156 Endangered species 72, 80 Endowments 90, 147 England 137, 189 Enrichment 95 Environment 95 Environmental impact 70, 119 Environmental policy 143 Environmental protection 3, 90, 147 Enzyme activity 141 Equipment 94 Estradiol 62 Ethics 143, 198 Europe 32, 60, 77, 107, 126, 145 European communities 50, 70, 89, 126, 145, 244 Euthanasia 78, 79 Evaluation 149 Federal government 132, 194, 221 Feed intake 141 Fighting 83 Fish as laboratory animals 47 Fish culture 117 Fishes 205 Folic acid 141 Follicular fluid 62 Food contamination 144 Food processing 3 Food safety 68, 85 Foxes 206 Fur farming 206 Fur farming--Animal industry 211, 212 Furbearing animals 224 Gene expression 141 Genetic engineering 70, 119, 160, 161, 178, 181 Genetic transformation 41 Gossypium 117 Government organizations 86, 149, 227, 233 Granulosa cells 62 Guidelines 74, 94, 95, 99, 120, 128, 175, 205, 221, 238 Health hazards 58 Health protection 155 Heart 203 Hens 145 History 81, 84, 108, 124, 148, 217, 236 Hormone secretion 62 Horses 104 Horses--tail--docking--animal welfare--law 199 Hunting 243 Hygiene 58 Ictalurus punctatus 117 In vitro 115, 187 In vitro culture 187 Insects 205 Inspection 38, 154 Insulin-like growth factor 62 International cooperation 119 International organizations 120 International trade 68, 130 International transport 118 Interpretation 148 Introduced species 119 Invertebrates as laboratory animals 46 Invertebrates as pets 46 Irrigated conditions 117 Irrigation water 117 Italy 123 Labeling 50 Laboratories 58, 89, 91, 207 Laboratory animals 9, 11, 13, 35, 44, 52, 75, 78, 86, 88, 92, 93, 94, 98, 101, 110, 112, 114, 116, 120, 122, 124, 125, 128, 133, 134, 153, 159, 172, 176, 178, 182, 207, 210, 216, 232, 240 Laboratory animals--Animal experimentation--Animal welfare-- Animal models in research 230 Laboratory animals--animal experiments--animal welfare-- veterinary profession--animal models--pain 45 Laboratory animals--Animal welfare 69 Laboratory animals--Animal welfare--Dogs as laboratory animals--Cats as laboratory animals--Ferrets as laboratory animals--Minks as laboratory animals 48 Laboratory animals--authority--acquisition--computer techniques--computer software--animal experiments 53 Laboratory animals--Law and legislation--United States 55 Laboratory animals--veterinarians--animal welfare--animal experiments--veterinary medicine--law 237 Laboratory rearing 156 Larceny--United States 219 Law 15, 18, 23, 24, 40, 49, 63, 64, 80, 81, 83, 84, 91, 104, 106, 108, 118, 124, 130, 134, 140, 158, 171, 224 Law enforcement 15, 91 Lawns and turf 117 Legal liability 133, 167 Legal rights 18 Legislation 12, 21, 23, 24, 44, 54, 58, 60, 65, 66, 67, 72, 77, 87, 88, 106, 113, 123, 124, 131, 138, 142, 166, 172, 178, 182, 189, 194, 196, 197, 198, 215, 216, 217, 236 Lethal dose 120 Licenses 134, 171 Lipotropic factors 141 Liver 141 Livestock 65, 85, 87, 108, 135, 178, 179, 238, 240 Livestock farming 8 Livestock--animal welfare--legislation--pain--advisory committees--education--training 76 Livestock--stunning--symptoms--safety at work--animal welfare--consciousness--regulations 107 Llamas 220 Locusta migratoria 156 Low input agriculture 117 Madagascar 130 Mammary glands 141 Manufacture 221 Marine mammals 38, 138, 139, 140, 154 Maryland 91 Massachusetts 171 Meat inspection 85 Meat production 166 Medical research 203, 238 Membrane potential 156 Messenger RNA 141 Methionine 141 Methodology 187 Mice 178 Mice--Rats--Laboratory animals--Mice as laboratory animals-- Rats as laboratory animals 51 Microbial pesticides 221 Microbial proteins 221 Microorganisms 119 Milk production 59, 68 Monitoring 52, 110, 159 Monkeys 91 Moral values 63, 242 Mutants 42 Mycotoxins 144 Natural resources 194 Netherlands 131 New Mexico 117 New products 227 Nitrogen fixing bacteria 70 North America 208 Norway 242 Oncogenes 141 Organizations 44, 159 Ornamental plants 117 Ornithine decarboxylase 141 Ova 156 Ovaries 62 Overpopulation 193 Oviposition 156 Pain 13, 39, 88, 218 Patents 178 People 143 Perception 35 Personnel 94 Pest control 57 Pet theft 210 Pets 79 Ph 156 Phenotypes 42 Pigs 62 Plan implementation and evaluation 95 Plant biotechnology--Research--Law and legislation--Minnesota 4 Plant biotechnology--Research--Law and legislation--United States 4 Plant production 3 Plants 119 Poisoning 224 Policy 52, 86, 110, 120, 242 Politics 32, 143 Population control 193 Postoperative care 94 Poultry 132 Poultry industry--sustainability--international trade-- consumer preferences--environmental impact--research support 61 Pounds 79 Predatory animals 168 Preoperative care 94 Primates 95, 130, 148, 152, 153, 171, 188, 200, 223 Primates as laboratory animals 152, 153, 188 Primates--tethered housing--catheters--cages--social behavior--monitoring--sampling--physiological functions-- animal welfare 201 Private organizations 182 Product safety--Law and legislation--United States 55 Professional ethics 74 Project control 52 Public agencies 11 Public authorities 133 Public opinion 189 Public schools 106 Publications 44 Q fever 155 Quality controls 221 Rabbits as laboratory animals 176, 177, 191 Range management 135 Rats 141 Recombinant  DNA 119, 178 Record keeping 95 Regulation 3, 134, 195 Regulations 1, 8, 11, 14, 21, 23, 24, 32, 35, 38, 70, 78, 85, 86, 87, 89, 109, 112, 126, 139, 145, 148, 159, 171, 181, 182, 193, 203, 216, 223, 226, 229, 233, 243 Reptiles as laboratory animals 47 Research 80, 88, 158 Research policy 57, 119, 220 Research support 220 Research workers 155 Risk 58, 70 Rodents as laboratory animals 191 Rodents as laboratory animals--Animal welfare 192 Rodents as laboratory animals--Congresses 100 Safety at work 58 Sanitation 58 Sheep 155 Shelters 158 Slaughter 85, 108 Slaughtering and slaughter-houses 179 Snakes 205 Social interaction 200 Somatotropin 59 South America 130 Spectator events 83 Standards 87, 148 Stereotyped behavior (Psychiatry) 209 Stocking density 145 Strain differences 42 Stress 218 Surgery 94 Sustainability 242 Sustainable agriculture 214 Switzerland 53, 74, 215 Taxonomy 221 Teaching 88, 216, 217, 218 Teaching materials 94, 238 Technical training--veterinary education--technicians--veterinarians--research workers--laboratory animals 222 Technology transfer 68 Testing 120, 216, 221, 227 Tests 244 Texas 105 Tilapia 117 Toxicity 221, 244 Toxicity testing 6 Toxicology 115 Training 216 Transcription 41 Transduction 42 Transgenic animals 85, 178 Transgenic plants 70 Transport of animals 98 Trapping 224, 243 Trends 68 U.S.A. 1, 2, 8, 12, 15, 22, 23, 24, 32, 35, 40, 43, 49, 54, 57, 59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 121, 124, 127, 130, 131, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 148, 149, 151, 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 173, 174, 178, 181, 182, 185, 193, 194, 195, 196, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 237, 241 Uk 76, 122, 128, 244 Urban pests 164 Usda 1, 12, 38, 87, 109, 134, 139, 194, 195, 226, 229 Validity 149, 186, 233 Vandalism 197 Veal 166 Veal--Standards--United States 234 Vertebrate pests 57 Veterinarians 18, 129, 133, 167 Veterinary jurisprudence 133 Veterinary medicine 93 Veterinary surgery 157 Vicunas 220 Virulence 42 Waste disposal 112 Water management 117 Water use efficiency 117 Weight 141 Whale meat 242 Whales 242 Wild animals 118, 224 Wild birds 40, 118 Wildlife 66, 67, 194 Wildlife conservation 66, 67, 168, 239 Wildlife management 80, 243 Wildlife pests 164 Wildlife reintroduction 239 Working animals 190 Yards 65 Zoo animals 73, 134, 167 Zoological gardens 167 Zoonoses 155 CODES OF PRACTICE ON ANIMAL WELFARE AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS           (Citations below do not appear in indices)  1 Animal Protection Act. Statutes of Alberta, 1988, Chapter A- 42.1 with amendments in force as of October 1, 1989. Province of Alberta, Canada. Office Consolidation, 6 pp., 1989. Available from Animal Welfare Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2351. Descriptors: Alberta animal protection act review.  2 Animal Care: Livestock and Poultry on Today's Farm. Christian Farmers Federation of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 23 pp., 1987. Available from Christian Farmers Federation of Alberta, 10766 - 97 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5H 2M1, (403) 428- 6981. Descriptors: farm animals, history of animal care, animal management, technology, housing, husbandry, regulations and standards.  3 Care and management of animal visitors at school. Hay, James R. American Humane Association. Denver, Colorado. 26 pp., 1987. NAL Call Number: HV4735 H3 Descriptors: teaching safety around dogs,  dogs, cats, rodents, rabbits, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, comparative physiological data of selected animals.  4 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the sea transport of sheep from New Zealand. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 2, 12 pp., 1991. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: sheep, pre-assembly phase, stock assembly phase, preparation phase, shipping phase, discharge phase.  5 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of sheep. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 3, 13 pp., 1991. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: sheep, feeding, husbandry, health, transport, humane destruction.  6 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of dairy cattle. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 4, 13 pp., 1992. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: dairy cattle, dehorning, tail docking, castration, feeding, housing, husbandry, health, transport, humane destruction, minimum standards.  7 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of deer during the removal of antlers. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 5, 10 pp., 1992. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: deer, nature of deer antler, removal of antlers in velvet, veterinary supervision of velvet harvesting, training, assessment, and approval of competence, removal of hard antlers, transport of stags with antlers.  8 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of  animals used in rodeo events. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 6, 9 pp., 1992. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: rodeo terminology, selection of rodeo animals, transport, yarding, handling, care and treatment during events.  9 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of horses. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 7, 43 pp., 1993. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: horses, grazing, housing, feeding, husbandry, agistment (boarding), horse hire premises, organizers of equine activities, transport, humane slaughter,  body condition scoring, bodyweight estimation, bibliography.  10 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of animals at the time of slaughter at licensed and approved premises.  Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 10, 17 pp., 1994. Available from Animal Welfare Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2351. Descriptors: welfare of animals from time of unloading to point of stunning, welfare of animals during stunning and sticking, sites for percussive stunning, signs of a successful stun.  11 Code of recommendations for the welfare of exhibit animals and information for animal exhibit operators. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 14, 29 pp., 1994. Available from Animal Welfare Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2351. Descriptors: zoos, management, acquisition and disposal of animals, nutrition, health, euthanasia, transport, security, quarantine, bibliography.  12 Code of recommendation and minimum standards for the welfare of animals transported within New Zealand. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 15, 52 pp., 1994. Available from Animal Welfare Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2351. Descriptors: legal responsibilities under Animals Protection Act of 1960, euthanasia, commercial transport by road, sea, rail, or air, pregnant animals, disabled animals, sheep and goats, cattle, pigs, deer, horses, poultry, zoo and circus animals, feral and wild animals, dogs, animal welfare check list.  13 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of bobby calves. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 8, 11 pp., 1993. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: bobby calf, feeding, facilities, maturity and acceptability for slaughter, calf diseases and drug residues, transport, emergency humane destruction, minimum standards.  14 Code of practice for the care and feeding of farm animals in government approved export lairages. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1 volume (unpaged), 1989. NAL Call Number: HV4735 C6 Descriptors: farm animals, animal welfare, husbandry, transport.  15 Code of practice for the guidance of operators of horse, pony, and donkey markets, sales, and fairs. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1 volume (unpaged), 1989. NAL Call Number: HV4708 C6 Descriptors: livestock, marketing, animal welfare.  16 Code of practice on the care of farm animals and horses during their transport on roll-on/roll-off ferries. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Edinburgh, Scotland. 1 volume (unpaged), 1989. NAL Call Number: HV4733 C6 Descriptors: livestock, sea transport, animal welfare.  17 Code of practice for the care and use of animals for experimental purposes. National Health and Medical Research Council, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australian Agricultural Council, Australian Government Publication Service. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. 35 pp.,  1985. NAL Call Number: QL55 C6 Descriptors: laboratory animals, animal welfare, husbandry, bibliography.  18 Code of practice for the housing and care of animals used in scientific procedures. H.M.S.O., pursuant to Act Eliz. II 1986 C.14 Section 21 (Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986) London, England. 33 pp., 1989. NAL Call Number: SF406.3 C58 Descriptors: laboratory animals, housing, husbandry, animal welfare, bibliography.  19 Code of practice for the transport by air of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, and horses. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Edinburgh, Scotland. 15 pp., 1983. NAL Call Number: SF89 C6 Descriptors: livestock, air transport, animal welfare.  20 Code of practice on the use of animals in schools. National Science Teachers Association. Washington, DC. An NSTA position statement, 2 pp.. 1985. NAL Call Number: HV4764 N3 Descriptors: animal welfare, science, teaching, students.  21 Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the care of animals in boarding establishments. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. Code of Animal Welfare No. 9, 16 pp., 1993. NAL Call Number: HV4890.4 A3C63 Descriptors: five freedoms,  housing, hygiene, management, health, diet, exercise for dogs and cats, transport, disposal of animals.  22 Codes of practice and manual of procedures for consideration of introductions and transfers of marine and freshwater organisms. Turner, Gary E., editor.  European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. EIFAC occasional paper no. 23, 44 pp., 1988. NAL Call Number: SH329 F57I57 Descriptors: fish, commercial purposes, scientific studies, ecology, genetics, inspections, quarantine, pathology, handling, transport, salmonids, molluscs, eels.  23 National Animal Ethics Advisory Committee: Report for the period January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993.  National Animal Ethics Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Wellington, New Zealand. 22 pp., 1994. Available from Animal Welfare Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2351. Descriptors: Communication with Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), use of animals in school, alternatives, statistics, ANZCAART, Guidelines for IAEC, animal  welfare research, legal issues, animal usage report.  24 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of horses in PMU operations.  Manitoba PMU Study Committee. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: Manitoba Agriculture. 13 pp., 1990. Available from Animal Industry Branch, Agricultural Services Complex, 204-545 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,  R3H 5S6  or  Ayerst Organics Ltd., 720-17th Street East, Box 980, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada  R7A 5Z9. Descriptors: horses, foals, pregnant mare urine, housing, husbandry, harnessing, health, nutrition, transport, pasture, stalls.  25 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of special fed veal calves. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Coordinator. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1821/E, 43 pp., 1989. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu no. 1821/E Descriptors: veal calves, housing, nutrition, delivery and post-natal care, growing, protection, transport, processors, emergency procedures during transport.  26 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals: pigs.  Connor, M.L. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1898/E, 55 pp., 1993. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu no. 1898/E Descriptors: pigs, housing, nutrition, breeding, transport, auctions, processors.  27 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of dairy cattle. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Coordinator. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1853/E, 41 pp., 1991. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu 1853/E. Descriptors: dairy cattle, housing, nutrition, pastures, calves, herd management, transport, processors, disabled cows, emergency procedures.  28 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of poultry from hatchery to processing plant. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Coordinator. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1757/E, 54 pp., 1990. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu 1757/E. Descriptors: poultry, hatcheries, layers, broilers, turkeys, housing, handling, nutrition, protection, sanitation, social environment, transport, processors.  29 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of pigs.  Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Coordinator. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1771/E, 37 pp., 1984. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu no. 1771/E Descriptors: pigs, producers, transporters, processors, housing, nutrition, farrowing facilities, postnatal care,  boars, protection of piglets, transport, precautions in hot weather, ramps and chutes, unloading, prods, stunning, education of personnel.  30 Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals: Beef cattle.  Hurnik, F.  Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Agriculture Canada. Publication 1870/E, 46 pp., 1991. NAL Call Number: 7 C16Pu no. 1870/E Descriptors: Beef cattle, housing, nutrition, breeding, transport, cruelty, auctions, processors, disabled cattle. 
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*The Animal Welfare Information Center, awic@nal.usda.gov http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/qb9518.htm, April 19, 1998*