USDA 

... 

D 

United States Department ofAgriculture 

Field Guide for Managing

Rabbitbrush in the Southwest 

Forest Southwestern 

Service Region TP-R3-16-31 Revised June 2017 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cover Photos 

Top left: Green rabbitbrush, USDA ForestService 

Top right: Green rabbitbrush flowers, Mary Ellen Harte, Bugwood.org 

Bottom left: Rubber rabbitbrush flowers, USDA Forest Service 

Bottom right: Rubber rabbitbrush, USDA Forest Service 

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Green Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) 

Rubber Rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus, syn. Ericameria nauseosa) 

Sunflower family (Asteraceae) 

Green and rubber rabbitbrush are native shrubs that grow 

widely across western U.S. rangelands. Though they can 

appear as a weedy monoculture (especially following 

disturbance), they are early colonizers and their presence 

can be reduced under improved management regimes. 

This field guide serves as the U.S. Forest Service’s 

recommendations for management of green rabbitbrush 

and rubber rabbitbrush in woodlands, rangelands, and 

deserts associated with its Southwestern Region. The 

Southwestern Region covers Arizona and New Mexico, 

which together have 11 national forests. The Region also 

administers 4 national grasslands located in northeastern 

New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and the Texas panhandle. 

Description 

Green rabbitbrush (synonyms: yellow rabbitbrush, Douglas 

rabbitbrush, chamisa) and rubber rabbitbrush (synonyms: 

gray (also grey) rabbitbrush, golden rabbitbrush, chamiso 

blanco) are native shrubs and while often unwanted are 

usually not considered to be invasive. The genus 

Chrysothamnus is very complex with as many as 16 

species and 41 subspecies described in the literature. 

Table 1. Growth characteristics 

Some species are widespread geographically, and someare 

restricted to a limited area. The specific rabbitbrush species 

of concern should always be known before proceeding 

with management. In this guide, suggestions for 

management are directed mostly toward green and rubber 

rabbitbrush, but control methods may be applicable to 

other species as well. 

Growth Characteristics 

Both species of rabbitbrush are perennial, warm season, 

native shrubs with rounded or pyramidal-shaped canopies. 

Growth characteristics for both species are summarized in 

table 1. In addition to the growth characteristics shown in 

the table, both species exhibit the following: 

• A deep root system with a taproot and less developed 

lateral roots. 

• Flowers are perfect, meaning both male and female 

structures are present within each flower. 

• Reproduce vegetatively and via seed; seeds are winddisseminated achenes with a pappus; seed ripens in 

autumn, but may germinate in either the spring or fall 

with available soil moisture. Though abundantly 

Species VegetativeAppearance Stems Leaves Flowers 

Green Grows 12–48 inches tall Smooth, greenish-yellow Green rabbitbrush leaves Green rabbitbrush subspecies tend 

rabbitbrush with a more compacted 

crown width. 

stems. are linear similar to rubber 

rabbitbrush but lack a feltlike layer. Instead, they 

have a bright green dotted 

appearance and are 

arranged in a slight spiral 

at the stem. 

to have smooth, papery, layered 

involucres and appear sticky at the 

base of the flower clusters. 

Rubber Open, wide-spreading Upright, yellowish-green, Rubber rabbitbrush leaves Though appearance varies 

rabbitbrush crown; grows to 12–90 

inches tall and are typically 

0.2 to 3-feet wide, but may 

grow as wide as tall. 

flexible stems from base 

with a grayish-white 

appearance due to the 

presence of dense, 

tangled, felt-like white 

hairs. 

are linear, less than 0.04-

inch wide, and covered by 

a felt-like layer that serves 

to insulate and reduce 

evapotranspiration. 

between subspecies of rubber 

rabbitbrush, flowers tend to be 

yellow in color, tubular shaped, 

and occur in clusters at the tips of 

upright stems. The grayish 

subspecies tend to have tanglehaired bracts (involucres) below 

the flower. 

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Impacts/Threats 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Site/Distribution 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spread 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Invasive Features 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

produced, seeds do not persist in the seed bank; 

typically, seed is viable for less than 3 years. 

Germination occurs over a broad range of temperatures, 

requires at least 13 percent soil moisture, and may be 

inhibited by high soil salinity. Vegetative sprouts 

emerge from buds located on lower stems and the root 

crown at or slightly below the soil surface. 

Ecology 

Green and rubber rabbitbrush are well suited for restoration 

and are commonly planted on damaged sites, especially 

strip mines, road cuts, and severely deteriorated rangeland. 

When intentionally planted, these shrubs establish easily 

and grow rapidly into uniform stands. On undisturbed 

rangelands, green and rubber rabbitbrush will increase in 

cover and density after fire or heavy disturbance. With 

time and improved management, they usually become less 

prominent as sagebrush and other associated species return. 

These shrubs favor sunny, dry, open sites and tend to grow 

on medium to coarse-textured soils such as sandy,gravelly, 

or loam soils. Rubber rabbitbrush tolerates a wide range of 

pH values, from moderately acidic to strongly alkaline. It 

is often one of the first plants to colonize an area following 

extreme disturbance and can even establish and grow in 

harsh soil conditions such as mine spoils. Green 

rabbitbrush is somewhat tolerant of saline soil and is used 

as an indicator species for degraded sites. Both rabbitbrush 

species span a wide range of elevations from sea level to 

10,500 feet elevation. 

Rabbitbrush propagates vegetatively and by seed; all 

species of rabbitbrush are very prolific seed producers. 

Seed is easily dispersed via wind, water, humans, birds, 

and rodents. Seed is also spread over long distances by 

adhering to surfaces and undercarriages of road vehicles 

and road maintenance equipment. 

Although not invasive, rabbitbrush species can increase 

substantially, particularly in disturbed areas such as 

abandoned crop fields, overgrazed areas, or rangeland that 

has been replanted. While rabbitbrush rapidly expands 

following disturbance, it is not overly competitive and may 

actually (1) build soil stability and structure, (2) prevent 

other detrimental species from establishing, and (3) create 

a favorable microclimate for establishing desirable plants. 

Management 

Due to copious seed production and a tendency to 

reproduce vegetatively following surface disturbance, 

rabbitbrush populations can quickly become a dense 

monoculture. Early detection, control, and follow-up 

monitoring of rabbitbrush coupled with improvement in 

range condition are important for long-term rabbitbrush 

management. The following actions should be considered 

when planning an overall management approach: 

• Healthy plant communities should be encouraged and 

maintained to limit rabbitbrush infestations. 

• Detect, map, and eradicate new populations of 

rabbitbrush as early as possible. Keep annual records 

of reported infestations. 

• Combine mechanical, cultural, and chemical methods 

for most effective control. 

• Implement monitoring and a follow-up treatment plan 

for missed plants and seedlings. 

Table 2 summarizes management options for controlling 

rabbitbrush under various situations. Further details on 

these management options are given below. Choice of 

method(s) for rabbitbrush control depends on numerous 

factors including current land use and site condition, 

accessibility, terrain, microclimate, extent and density of 

infestations, and nontarget flora and fauna present. Other 

considerations include treatment effectiveness, cost, and 

number of years needed to achieve control. More than one 

control method may be needed for each site. 

Physical Control 

Rabbitbrush top growth is easily removed by cutting, 

grinding, or mowing; however, plants will quickly sprout 

new shoots and stems following treatment. The root system 

is very difficult to extract, and cultivation methods used 

alone may actually increase rabbitbrush density. 

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Mechanical Methods 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prescribed Fire 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grazing 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2. Management options* 

Site Physical Control Cultural Control Biological Control Chemical Control 

Roadsides, 

fence lines, or 

non-crop areas 

Mowing alone will 

suppress top growth but 

will not control the plants. 

Consider mowing in 

combination with herbicide 

control. 

Clean machinery following 

activity in infested areas. 

Train road crews to identify 

and report infestations. 

Leaf beetle (Trirhabda 

nitidicollis) has shown 

potential for control; 

however, USDA has not 

given approval for it as a 

biocontrol agent. 

For ground application, use ATV, 

truck mounted, or tractor pulled 

spraying equipment. 

Wash under vehicle after 

application to prevent spread. 

Rangelands, 

pastures, or 

riparian 

corridors 

Physical methods 

(including prescribed 

burning) are usually 

unsuccessful and tend to 

increase density. 

Avoid driving directly 

through infestation; limit 

disturbance. 

Reseed with plants that are 

desirable and will compete. 

Same as above. For widespread infestations, use 

ground or aerial broadcast 

spraying. 

For sparse infestations, use 

backpack spraying. 

Wilderness, 

other natural 

areas, and/or 

small 

infestations 

Remove localized 

populations by hand. 

Manage to improve overall 

range health. 

After passing through 

infested area, inspect and 

remove any seed from 

animals, clothing, and 

vehicles. 

Same as above. Use backpack or hand-held 

sprayers to spot treat plants. 

* Choice of a particular management option must be in compliance with existing regulations for the land resource. 

Manual Methods 

Rabbitbrush roots must be completely removed to control 

the plant. Hand removal of young plants by digging, 

pulling, etc., can be done; however, extracting older shrubs is 

extremely difficult and is not generally recommended. 

If using machinery to manage rabbitbrush, the equipment 

should be cleaned after use to prevent movement of seed 

into un-infested areas. 

Mowing – Mowing used alone as a control method will 

only suppress top growth. Returning shoot growth may 

make later control efforts more difficult. Use of a mowing 

system that simultaneously cuts through unwanted 

vegetation and applies herbicide onto cut stubble at the 

same time (e.g., the WetBlade System rotary mower 

produced by Diamond MowersTM Inc.) may be considered. 

However, reported results using this type of equipment on 

rabbitbrush have been inconsistent. It is recommended that 

this type of mower system be tested on a small localized 

area and results evaluated before proceeding to larger 

areas. 

Tillage – Not recommended except in agronomic 

situations. 

Rabbitbrush usually increases in foliage growth and 

density following fire. Therefore, prescribed burning is not 

recommended as a stand-alone control treatment. 

Cultural Control 

Prevention, early detection, and managing overall range 

health are critical for reducing rabbitbrush density over 

time. Land managers, the local public, and road crews 

should be educated on identifying rabbitbrush so they can 

help report all newly established infestations. Vehicles, 

humans, and livestock should be discouraged from 

traveling through infested areas. If possible, weed screens 

should be used on irrigation water intakes in infested areas 

to prevent seed transportation in irrigation canals. 

Biological Control 

Although occasionally browsed by livestock and wildlife, 

rabbitbrush is not highly preferred; and its value varies 

widely by subspecies and season. Generally, grayish or 

white subspecies have a higher palatability rating than 

greenish subspecies. Though considered slightly toxic and 

of limited value to all livestock, certain rabbitbrush 

subspecies may receive some light use by mule deer, 

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Classical Biological Control 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Herbicide Application 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3. Unapproved potential biocontrol agents for green and rubber rabbitbrush 

Species Type of Agent Site of Attack/Impact Use/Considerations for Release 

Trirhabda 

nitidicollis 

leaf beetle Both the adult and larvae feed on rabbitbrush 

leaves, though use by larvae is heavier and more 

likely to result in mortality. 

Moderately effective control is possible; however, 

USDA approval status for formal use as a biocontrol 

agent is uncertain. 

Aciurina 

bigeloviae 

gall-forming fly Cottony galls form on stem and green flowerlike growths occur on twigs or small branches. USDA approval status for formal use as a biocontrol 

agent is uncertain. 

pronghorn, jack rabbits, and other wildlife (especially 

during winter months). Due to low utilization and limited 

season of use, grazing by livestock is unlikely to be an 

effective management tool. Furthermore, intense grazing 

should be discouraged to prevent rabbitbrush expansion. 

No USDA-approved biocontrol agents are available. A 

rabbitbrush leaf beetle and a gall-forming fly have both 

been observed as being detrimental to rabbitbrush growth 

(table 3). While these insects may be useful as biocontrol 

agents, formal approval for release has yet to happen. 

Chemical Control 

While either rabbitbrush species is not easily controlled by 

herbicide spraying, green rabbitbrush tends to be more 

difficult to kill than rubber rabbitbrush. All herbicides 

listed in table 4 will control or suppress rabbitbrush when 

properly applied. Each herbicide product shown in the 

table has different requirements and restrictions according 

to the label. Check label mixing instructions when 

preparing an oil-water emulsion. Read and understand the 

label prior to any application. Consult the registrant if you 

have questions or need further detail. 

For effective control, growing conditions and spray timing 

must be ideal at the time of treatment. If not, herbicide 

spraying will likely suppress rabbitbrush but not provide a 

high degree of plant kill. Before spraying, always check 

targeted rabbitbrush plants for healthy foliage that is the 

result of favorable growing conditions and soil moisture. 

Preferably, soil should be moist in the top 4 inches. Plants 

that are drought-stressed should never be sprayed. 

Treatment timing with herbicides is critical for successful 

control of rabbitbrush. When considering a spring 

application (typically late April–May), it is best to spray in 

a year when the previous winter precipitation has been 

above normal and rabbitbrush has produced abundant 

leaders and leaves (2.5–4 inches of new growth). 

Clopyralid or picloram applied in combination with 2,4-D 

are the herbicides recommended for spring treatment. Fall 

applications should be made in years with above normal 

summer rainfall and when rabbitbrush has reached the late 

to post-flower stage (typically late September–October). 

Picloram or a herbicide combination of picloram + 

fluroxypyr are recommended for fall treatments. 

Hexazinone is a nonselective soil sterilant and can be 

applied any time of the year. However, hexazinone 

treatments can severely damage nearby desirable plants; 

the herbicide is best used as a spot treatment applied 

directly to individual rabbitbrush plants before anticipated 

rainfall in late fall. 

Herbicides may be applied with backpack or hand-held 

sprayers, ATV or UTV sprayers, or conventional boom 

sprayers that are pulled or attached to a tractor or truck. 

Any equipment used to spray herbicide should be 

calibrated. For rubber rabbitbrush, the effectiveness of 

foliar-applied herbicides can be improved by using a high 

spray volume (~ 20 GPA) that helps saturate the felt-like 

leaf and stem layer. For sparse populations of either 

rabbitbrush species, one person or a small team can treat 

the rabbitbrush by using an individual plant treatment 

(IPT) approach. Isolated plants may be spot sprayed by 

wetting the foliage and stems without dripping through the 

use of an adjustable spray nozzle attached to a hand-held 

or backpack sprayer. An alternative is to apply a soil 

treatment for each target plant at the canopy drip line or at 

the base of the rabbitbrush. A broadcast approach to 

spraying may be used to address medium to large 

infestations. 

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Table 4. Herbicide recommendations 

Common 

Chemical 

Name (active 

ingredient) 

Product 

Example1 

Broadcast 

Treatment 

(rate per 

acre) 

Spot 

Treatment 

(spray solution 

or pellets)2 

Time of 

Application Remarks 

Aminocyclo- Streamline + 4.75 to 8 oz + Add 5 to 9 grams Most effective in Persistent; selective for broad-leaved plants 

pyrachlor + Garlon 3A 1.0 to 1.5 lb of dry flowable late summer-early and certain brush species; may cause 

metsulfuron powder to 1 gal fall before frost. temporary injury to some grass species. 

methyl + 

triclopyr 

water A selective blend of active ingredients 

labeled for use in non-crop areas such as 

uncultivated, non-agricultural areas 

(highways, utility rights-of-way, etc.); 

uncultivated, non-crop producing, 

agricultural areas (farmyards, fence rows, 

etc.); and natural areas (wildlife 

management areas, wildlife openings, 

wildlife habitats). Can be used in riparian 

areas. May also be used on public, private, 

and tribal lands as part of an early 

detection and rapid response (EDRR) in 

treating infestations of invasive weed 

species. 

Clopyralid + Curtail 2.2 kg/ha 1-3% During active Selective, post-emergent broadleaf 

2,4-D3 growth with herbicide. Not recommended for areas with 

2.5–4 inches of rapid soil permeability such as sandy loams 

new growth, but to sandy soils. 

when grasses are 

going dormant Use medium to coarse droplet spray 

setting; do not apply when wind speeds 

exceed 15 mph. 

Picloram4 Tordon 22k 1 to 2 qt 1.5-3% Late post-flower 

stage with 

favorable soil 

moisture 

Selective; affects many broadleaf species 

but will not harm most grasses. 

Picloram4 Surmount 3 to 6 pts 1% Same as above Best for late season control. 

+ 

fluroxypyr Rabbitbrush control is not listed on 

the specimen label. Check with the 

manufacturer concerning specific 

localized recommended rates. 

Picloram4 Grazon P+D 2 qt (as an 1.5-3% During active Selective; affects many broadleaf species 

+ 2,4-D3 alternative, growth with but will not harm most grasses. 

mix Tordon 

at 2-3pints 

2.5–4 inches of 

new growth in Best for early season control. 

per acre plus spring 

1-2 pints of 

2,4-D ester 

with a high 

quality oil 

based 

adjuvant) 

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Table 4. Herbicide recommendations (cont.) 

Common 

Chemical 

Name (active 

ingredient) 

Product 

Example1 

Broadcast 

Treatment 

(rate per 

acre) 

Spot Treatment 

(spray solution 

or pellets)2 

Time of 

Application Remarks 

Hexazinone Velpar n/a 4-6 mL per 3 ft of 

canopy diameter 

Any time of year; 

best just before 

rain. Do not use 

on frozen soil. 

Not recommended for soils with high clay 

content. 

Use individual plant treatment (IPT). Apply 

undiluted within 3 feet of base of stems. 

Hexazinone Pronone Power 

Pellet 

n/a 1 pellet per 2 ft. 

plant diameter 

Same as above. Use IPT. Scatter pellets around drip line of 

canopy. 

1 Trade names for products are provided for example purposes only, and other products with the same active ingredient(s) may be available. Individual 

product labels should be examined for specific information and appropriate use with rabbitbrush. 

2 Spray solution is the herbicide/water ratio in a spray mix that may be used for spot treatment with backpack or hand-held sprayers. The amount of product 

applied during an annual growing season must not exceed the maximum application rate per acre as specified by the product label – refer to the product 

label for the site type and application. 

3 2,4-D is a restricted use pesticide in New Mexico only. A certified applicator’s license is required for purchase and use. 

4 Restricted use pesticide - A certified applicator’s license is required for purchase and use. 

Management Strategies 

Consider treating smaller, less dense populations of 

rabbitbrush or isolated plants on areas with a healthy 

perennial grass understory first. Next, satellite populations 

and plants at the perimeter of heavily infested areas should 

be treated. The larger, denser cores of the infested area 

should be addressed in the final phases of treatment. 

Because each treatment situation is unique, any strategy 

adopted for managing rabbitbrush must involve careful 

planning. A clear picture of goals and objectives for 

specific treatment sites and a plan for improving overall 

management is a must for rabbitbrush control. Vigorous 

competition from perennial plants, especially grasses, 

should always be promoted. Rabbitbrush prefers 

germinating in open areas, and propagation is poor when 

there is a vigorous grass component. Reseeding with 

desirable plant species should always be considered where 

feasible; however, reseeding may not be necessary if 

understory vegetation is present on the treatment site. The 

decision to reseed should always be made well in advance 

of any rabbitbrush control effort. This is because the 

reseeding choice directly affects how best to proceed with 

control efforts. If a localized population needs to be 

removed to meet a particular land use goal, it is highly 

recommended that areas with rabbitbrush should be treated 

and reseeded simultaneously in the fall (i.e., single entry 

approach) to prevent other weedy species from 

establishing. 

Control efforts for rabbitbrush will likely require several 

years of persistent, repeated treatment. Since it is 

ordinarily useless to treat an area only one time without 

retreatment, sufficient resources must be allocated for the 

area where control is attempted. After initial treatment, it 

is especially important that resources are also available to 

respray or retreat the treated area as necessary. Treated 

areas should be monitored periodically and have follow-up 

treatment, especially to allow the return of desirable native 

plant species and to remove unwanted invasive plants. 

References and Further 

Information 

Duncan, K., K. McDaniel, and M. Renz. 2005. Chemical 

Weed and Brush Control for New Mexico 

Rangelands. Las Cruces: NMSU College of 

Agriculture and Home Economics and Cooperative 

Extension Service. Available athttp://aces.nmsu.edu/ 

pubs/_circulars/CR_597.pdf (accessed October 

2012). 

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Enloe, S.F., A. Kniss, M. Ferrell, J. Lafantasie, and S.D. 

Aagard. 2009. Black greasewood (Sarcobatus 

vermiculatus), gray rabbitbrush (Ericameria 

nauseosa), and perennial grass response to 

chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron. Invasive Plant 

Science and Management 2:247-252. 

Krueger-Mangold, J.M., R.L Sheley, and T.J.Svejcar. 

2006. Toward ecologically based invasive plant 

management on rangeland. Weed Sci. 54:597-605. 

Plant Diagnostic Database. Montana State University. 

Available at http://missoulaeduplace.org/ 

rabbitbrush.html (accessed October 2012). 

Reid, C.R. and D.L. Winward.2012. Rubber Rabbitbrush 

Control Using a Combination of Mowing and 

Various Herbicide Treatments. Utah State University. 

Available at https://extension.usu.edu/rangelands/ 

htm/utah-projects/biwgk/controlling-rabbitbrush 

(accessed September 2012). 

Scheinost, P.L., J. Scianna, and D.G. Ogle. 2010. Plant fact 

sheet for rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa). 

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 

Pullman Plant Materials Center, Pullman, WA. 

Published March 2012. Available at http://plants. 

usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_erna10.pdf (accessed Sept. 

2012). 

Scheinost, P.L., J. Scianna, and D.G. Ogle. 2010. Plant 

guide for rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa). 

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 

Pullman Plant Materials Center, Pullman, WA. 

Published May 1998. Available at http://www.plantmaterials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/mtpmcpg9696.pdf 

(accessed Sept. 2012). 

Tilley, D., and L. St. John. 2012. Plant Guide for yellow 

rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus). USDA 

Natural Resources Conservation Service,Aberdeen 

Plant Materials Center. Aberdeen, ID. Available at 

http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_chvi8.pdf 

(accessed October 2012). 

Tirmenstein, D. 1999. Chrysothamnus nauseosus. In Fire 

Effects Information System. [Online] USDA Forest 

Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sci. 

Lab. Available at www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ 

(accessed September 2012) 

Tirmenstein, D. 1999. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. In Fire 

Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky 

Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences 

Laboratory (Producer). Available at 

www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ (accessed October 

2012). 

USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2012. 

The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, 

Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. Available at 

http://plants.usda.gov (accessed October 2012). 

Suggested Web Sites 

For information about calibrating spray equipment: 

NMSU Cooperative Extension Service Guide 

A-613, Sprayer Calibration. Available at 

http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A613 

Herbicide labels online: Available at http://www.cdms.net/ 

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For more information or 

other field guides, contact: 

USDA Forest Service 

Southwestern Region 

Forest Health 

333 Broadway Blvd., SE 

Albuquerque, NM 87102 

Or visit the Southwestern Region’s 

website for invasive species: 

http://www.fs.usda.gov/goto/r3/invasivespecies 

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader 

information only and does not imply endorsement of any 

product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

Recommendations made here for 

pesticide use are not obligatory, 

nor do they imply that discussed 

uses have been registered. All 

uses of pesticides must be 

registered by appropriate State 

and/or Federal agencies before 

they can be applied. 

CAUTION: Pesticides can be 

injurious to humans, domestic 

animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they 

are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides 

carefully and lawfully. Follow recommended practices for the 

disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers.