**Transport and Handling of Livestock and PoultryProvided by the Animal Welfare  Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National  Agricultural LibraryJanuary 1984 - January 1994***United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville, Maryland  20705-2351*****QB 94-32** Updated by:   Information Resources for Livestock and Poultry  Handling and Transport, 1990-1998 Quick Bibliography SeriesBibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject.  However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic.  They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means.  The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base.  Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. 
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       Quick Bibliography Series:  QB 94-32 Updates QB 92-57 
 308 citations from AGRICOLA 
 D'Anna Berry Animal Welfare Information Center  
     May 1994National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:  Berry, D'Anna   Transport and handling of livestock and poultry.   (Quick bibliography series ; 94-32)   1. Livestock--Transportation--Bibliography. 2. Livestock--Handling-- Bibliography. 3. Poultry--Transportation--Bibliography.  4. Poultry--Handling-- Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.94-32
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 Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present. 
SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below.  JOURNAL ARTICLE:    Citation #                                     NAL Call No.   Article title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.   Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number). Example:   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6   Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service   Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41   (8). p.48-50. ill. BOOK:    Citation #                                   NAL Call Number   Title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information   on pagination, indices, or bibliographies. Example:   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987   Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.   Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography: p. 126. AUDIOVISUAL:    Citation #                                  NAL Call Number   Title.   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.   Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format   (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size). Example:   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N; AV   All aboard the nutri-train.   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,  1981.  NET funded.    Activity packet prepared by Cynthia Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd.,    col.; 3/4 in. +   activity packet.**Transport and Handling of Livestock and Poultry January 1984 - January 1994**  SEARCH STRATEGY Set     Items   Description ===     =====   ============ S1      45288   HEN OR HENS OR FOWL? OR POULT? OR CHICK? OR ROOSTER? OR FRYER?                 OR BROILER? S2       8737   GALLIFORM? OR TURKEY? OR DUCK? OR GOOSE?? OR GEESE OR                 ANSERIFORM? S3      50334   (S1 OR S2) NOT GL=TURKEY S4      92812   CATTLE OR BOVIN? OR BOVID? OR BOS OR COW?? OR BULL?? OR STEER??                 OR HEIFER OR CALF OR CALVE? OR OX OR OXEN OR BISON? OR BUFFALO? S5      42773   SWINE OR PIG?? OR PIGLET? OR SOW?? OR BARROW? OR GILT? OR                 PORCIN? OR BOARS OR BOAR OR HOG?? S6      36904   SHEEP? OR OVIN? OR OVID? OR EWE?? OR RAM?? OR LAMB?? OR WETHER?                 OR GOAT?? OR HOGGET? S7      237545  S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR LIVESTOCK OR FARM(N)ANIMAL?? S8        2676  S7 AND (TRANSPORT OR TRANSPORTATION OR HANDL? OR TRUCK? OR                 SHIP? OR LIVESTOCK(N)TRANSPORTER?) S9         712  S8 AND SH=(2505 OR 2515 OR L000 OR L100 OR L800 OR L810 OR L840                 OR L841) S10        244  S9 AND PY=1985:1990 S11        101  S9 AND PY=1991:1994 S12        345  S10 OR S11 S13        288  S9 AND PY=1984:1990 S14        389  S11 OR S13 S15        385  RD (unique items)                      **Transport and Handling of Livestock and Poultry**  1                                         NAL Call. No.: 20 V82 Procedure of calculation of material and technical base of milk, cattle and poultry sale with centralized transportation by the industry (purchaser) Bezzub, V.M. Kyiv : Derzh, vid-vo sil'hosn; 1984 Aug. Visnyk sil's'kohospodars'koi nauky (8): p. 33-38; 1984 Aug.  Language:  Ukrainian  Descriptors: Ukrainian ssr; Milk; Cattle; Poultry; Sales; Transport; Calculation   2                                         NAL Call. No.: 20 V82 Main procedural regulations of determining quantitative and qualitative losses of poultry products in the process of their production, storage, transportation and sale Lysets'kyi, A.S.; Bezzub, V.M.; Luk'ianov, V.O.; Breslavets', V.O.; Holovko, T.M.; Pelipei, T.P. Kyiv : Derzh, vid-vo sil'hosn; 1984 Aug. Visnyk sil's'kohospodars'koi nauky (8): p. 27-32; 1984 Aug.  Language:  Ukrainian  Descriptors: Ukrainian ssr; Poultry farming; Animal products; Storage losses; Handling losses; Loss prevention   3                                         NAL Call. No.: 20 V82 Main procedural regulations for determining quantity and quality losses of sheep farming output in the process of its production, transportation, storage and realization Topikha, I.N.; Gorlova, O.D.; Bolotova, T.G.; Makeeva, L.A. Kyiv : Derzh, vid-vo sil'hosn; 1984 Oct. Visnyk sil's'kohospodars'koi nauky (10): p. 34-38; 1984 Oct.  Language:  Ukrainian  Descriptors: Ukrainian ssr; Sheep farming; Total losses; Calculation   4                                     NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A53 1987 sheep exports from New Zealand. London : The Society; 1987. Animal international - World Society for the Protection of Animals v. 7 (24): p. 9. ill; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Exports; Transport of animals; Boats and ships; Animal welfare   5                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Adrenal response in the calf to repeated simulated transport. Locatelli, A.; Sartorelli, P.; Agnes, F.; Bondiolotti, G.P.; Picotti, G.B. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 145 (6): p. 517-522; 1989 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Transport of animals; Stress; Adrenals; Adrenalin; Cortisol; Nonesterified fatty acids; Blood plasma; Hemoglobin; Hematocrit; Norepinephrine; Glucose; Cholesterol   6                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Adrenocortical response of calves to transport stress as measured by salivary cortisol. Fell, L.R.; Shutt, D.A. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1986 Sep. Canadian journal of animal science v. 66 (3): p. 637-641; 1986 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Stress; Transport of animals; Saliva; Collection; Cortisol; Adrenal cortex   7                                       NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 The AFRC mark I experimental broiler harvester. Berry, P.S.; Kettlewell, P.J.; Moran, P. London : Academic Press; 1990 Nov. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 47 (3): p. 153-163. ill; 1990 Nov.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Handling; Mechanical methods; Experimental equipment; Animal welfare; Design; Requirements; Operation   8                                   NAL Call. No.: A281.9 F76FO America's traveling pigs make safe landing in Singapore. Kurz, P.O. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1987. Foreign agriculture - United States Department of Agriculture,  Foreign Agricultural Service v. 25 (1): p. 15. ill; 1987.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Singapore; Pigs; Long distance transport; Trade; Herd improvement   9                              NAL Call. No.: FICHE 290.9 AM32P Analysis of weight loss in swine during handling and transport. Mayes, H.F.; Jesse, G.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1984. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (84-6530): 13 p.; 1984.  Paper presented at the 1984 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Handling; Transport of animals; Weight losses   10                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Animal handling. Grandin, T. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3(2):  p. 323-338. ill; 1987 Jul.  In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior /  edited by E.O. Price.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Stress; Movements; Facilities; Animal behavior   11                               NAL Call. No.: SF197.7.M6 1987 Arbeitsverfahren der Rinder- und Schweineproduktion  [Working methods in cattle and swine production]., 1. Aufl.. Mothes, Eckhard Berlin, [East Germany] : VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag,; 1987. 128 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.  At head of title: Lehrbuch fur die sozialistische Berufsausbildung Facharbeiter fur Tierproduktion.  Includes index.  Language:  German  Descriptors: Animal culture; Cattle; Equipment and supplies; Cattle; Handling; Milk production; Swine; Equipment and supplies; Swine; Handling   12                                   NAL Call. No.: SF55.A785L9 ASEAN Food Handling Project by D.J. Lyons..  Handling of livestock and livestock products in ASEAN 1978 to 1989 Lyons, D. J. Kuala Lumpur : ASEAN Food Handling Bureau,; 1990. vi, 48 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.   "A review of the activities and achievements of the livestock components of the ASEAN Food Handling Project of the ASEAN-Australia Economic Co-operation Program"--P. i.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock projects; Livestock; Animal products   13                                      NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7 Assessment of chemical toxicity using mammalian mitochondrial electron transport particles. Knobeloch, L.M.; Blondin, G.A.; Read, H.W.; Harkin, J.M. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1990 Nov. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 19 (6): p. 828-835. ill; 1990 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pesticides; Chemicals; Heavy metals; Toxicity; Health hazards; Animal health; Evaluation; Techniques; Spectrophotometry; Bioassays; Mitochondria; Cattle; Heart; Electrons; Transport   14                                NAL Call. No.: HD9437.E9 1989 The assessment of welfare during the handling and transport of broilers. Duncan, I.J.H. Tours, France : French Branch of the World's Poultry Science Assoc; 1989. The proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare :  Tours, France, 11-14th June, 1989 / edited by Jean M. Faure and Andrew D. Mills.  p. 93-107; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Animal welfare   15                                NAL Call. No.: HD9437.E9 1989 The assessment of welfare during the handling and transport of spent hens. Broom, D.M. Tours, France : French Branch of the World's Poultry Science Assoc; 1989. The proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Poultry Welfare :  Tours, France, 11-14th June, 1989 / edited by Jean M. Faure and Andrew D. Mills.  p. 79-91; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Animal welfare   16                                   NAL Call. No.: SF428.6.C38 Australian sheep dogs training & handling : including a complete guide to commands. Cavanagh, Rod Whittlesea, Vic., Australia : R. Cavanagh,; 1990. 111 p., [32] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps ; 23 cm.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep dogs   17                                NAL Call. No.: aSF208.A7 1985 Avoiding drug residues in cull dairy cows., [Rev. Dec. 1985].. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State University Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in cooperation with the Washington State University,; 1985; A 1.2-D 84. 7 p. : ill. ; 23 x 10 cm.  Cover title.   Shipping list no.: 86-96-P. Bibliography: p. 7.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Veterinary pharmacology; Dairy cattle; Handling; Safety measures; Dairy cattle; Inspection; Dairying; United States; Growth promoting substances   18                          NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Baby chicks. Biro, R. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association, April 22-25, 1990,  16th International Conference. p. 25-26; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Transport of animals; Chicks; Exports   19                                    NAL Call. No.: 30.98 AG82 'Bab'ye khozyaystvo': poultry-keeping and its contribution to peasant income in pre-1914 Russia. Thompstone, S. Berkshire : British Agricultural History Society; 1992. The Agricultural history review v. 40 (pt.1): p. 52-63; 1992. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Poultry farming; Poultry products; Exports; Farm income; History; Peasant workers; Rail transport; Literature reviews   20                       NAL Call. No.: 41.2 G3642 1989 [no.72] Beforderung von Schlachtrindern Transportschaden und tierschutzrechtliche Problematik  [Transportation of slaughter-cattle]. Kraus, Matthias Giessen : [s.n.],; 1989. 78 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 21 cm.  English summary.   Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).  Language:  German   21                                     NAL Call. No.: SF411.A57 Behavior of slaughter plant and auction employees toward the animals. Grandin, T. Hanover, N.H. : University Press of New England for Delta Society; 1988. Anthrozoos v. 1 (4): p. 205-213; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Canada; Livestock; Slaughter; Abattoirs; Auctions; Handling; Abuse; Behavior; Psychology; Animal welfare   22                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavioral agitation during handling of cattle is persistent over time. Grandin, T. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1984-; 1993 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 36 (1): p. 1-9; 1993 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Fearfulness; Stress; Restraint of animals   23                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Behavioral and physiological effects of freeze or hot-iron branding on crossbred cattle. Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Randel, R.D.; Bowers, C.L.; Grissom, K.K.; Jenkins, O.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 330-336; 1992 Feb. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Branding; Freezing; Blood plasma; Epinephrine; Heart rate; Norepinephrine; Hydrocortisone; Stress; Skin temperature; Pain; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Twenty-seven crossbred calves (1/2 Simmental, 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Brahman) averaging 257 +/- 11 d of age were either hot-iron-branded (H), freeze-branded (F), or sham-branded (S). Calves were blocked for temperament, weight, and sex and were randomly assigned to day and order in which treatments were applied. To reduce stress from handling at treatment time, each calf was herded through the squeeze chute daily for 5 d before the experiment. Jugular cannulas were inserted in each calf 1 d before application of treatment. Blood samples and heart rate measures were obtained at -5, -3, 0, .5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after application of the treatments. Mean concentrations of plasma epinephrine (EPI) were higher for H calves at time .5 min than for either S or F calves (P = .10). To account for individual differences, prebranding heart rates and hormone concentrations were subtracted from subsequent samples and were also used to calculate a proportion for each subsequent sample. Analyses of subtracted values found that EPI concentrations were greater for H calves than for either S or F calves (P = .007) at .5 min postbranding. No other differences were found for the subtracted analyses. Analyses of proportion data also revealed that H calves had greater EPI than did either S or F calves (P = .027) at .5 min postbranding. Only three animals vocalized during branding, one H calf and two F calves. Despite the 5-d acclimation period, handling and restraint elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and heart rate. Because restraint elevated physiological indicators of stress, possible treatment differences may have been masked. The greater epinephrine response experienced by H calves indicates a higher momentary pain sensation than that experienced by either S or F calves.   24                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The behaviour and bruising of cattle during transport at different space allowances. Eldridge, G.A.; Winfield, C.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 695-698; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Beef cattle; Transport of animals; Animal behavior; Bruising; Distance travelled; Abattoirs; Handling; Spacing; Space requirements; Carcass quality   25                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Bovine haptoglobin as a possible immunomodulator in the sera of transported calves. Murata, H.; Miyamoto, T. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1993 May. British veterinary journal v. 149 (3): p. 277-283; 1993 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Road transport; Transport of animals; Haptoglobins; Blood serum; Lymphocyte transformation  Abstract:  Bovine haptoglobin, which has been recognized as an acute phase protein following tissue injury and inflammation, was detected as a 33 k + 20 k Dalton fraction in the sera from calves transported by road for 2 days. The sera also possessed suppressive activity on lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A. A significant correlation (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) was observed between haptoglobin concentrations and lymphocyte suppression in the sera. Furthermore, the haptoglobin fraction obtained from acute phase sera exerted dose-dependent suppression on lymphocyte blastogenesis. These circumstantial data suggest the possible involvement of bovine haptoglobin, at least in part, as an immunomodulator in serum suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in transported calves.   26                                 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Broiler chicken., 3rd ed. Sainsbury, D.W.B. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988. Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 221-232. ill; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Broiler production; Temperature; Ventilation; Poultry housing; Broiler feeding; Disease prevention; Transport; Animal welfare   27                                      NAL Call. No.: 58.9 IN7 Broiler chicken catching and transportation systems. Turner, M.J.B.; Kettlewell, P.J. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; Spring 1984. The Agricultural engineer v. 39 (1): p. 33, 35. ill; Spring 1984. Includes references.  Language:  English   28                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.9 W64B Capture myopathy in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) following trapping, handling and transportation in Colorado. Spraker, T.R.; Adrian, W.J.; Lance, W.R. Ames, Iowa : Wildlife Disease Association; 1987 Jul. Journal of wildlife diseases v. 23 (3): p. 447-453. ill; 1987 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Colorado; Meleagris gallopavo; Muscular diseases; Handling; Transport; Trapping; Histopathology   29                                 NAL Call. No.: 280.3409 L75A Cardiac arrest stunning, other marketing, handling systems to reduce losses (Swine, slaughtering). Grandin, T. St. Paul, Minn. : The Institute; 1984. Official proceedings : annual meeting - Livestock Conservation Institute.  p. 149-155. ill; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   30                                    NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5C3 The Care and handling of beef animals in the United States today a position paper. American National CattleWomen Englewood, CO : American National CattleWomen, [1988?]; 1988. 21 leaves ; 29 cm.  Bibliography: leaves 19-20.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; United States; Animals, Treatment of; United States   31                                   NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Cattle behavior during handling & corral design for beef cow herds. Grandin, T. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Dec. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service,  Michigan State University (2996): 10 p.; 1991 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cows; Fencing; Animal behavior; Vision   32                          NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.422 Cattle handling and transportation produced for the USDA Office of Transportation by the Livestock Conservation Institute..  Livestock handling guide Livestock trucking guide Grandin, Temple; Hoke, Karl E. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation,  LivestockConservation Institute Amarillo, Tex. : The Institute,; 1988. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 2 booklets. (Livestock handling & transportation).  VHS format.  Booklets are entitled Livestock handling guide and Livestock trucking guide.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Handling; Cattle; Transportation; Cattle; Behavior; Animal welfare   33                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. I. The effects of rest and resting conditions before slaughter and of electrical stimulation of carcasses on carcass weight and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Powell, V.H. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 87-95; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Electrical treatment; Stimulation; Carcass quality; Physico-chemical properties   34                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. II. The effects of rest in transit and duration of the resting period before slaughter on carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Arthur, R.J.; Dodt, R.M.; Shorthose, W.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 97-107; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Transport of animals; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Carcass quality; Physico-chemical properties   35                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. III. The effects of feeding, and of different feeds, during the resting period before slaughter on liveweight, carcasses and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Round, P.J.; Johnston, G.N.; Smith, P.C. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (5): p. 1099-1109; 1989. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Brahman; Hereford; Shorthorn; Feeding; Alfalfa hay; Rice straw; Liveweight; Abattoirs; Carcass weight; Dressing percentage; Meat quality; Muscle tissue   36                                   NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Cattle shrinkage during overseas shipment on a cargo ship.  Mayes, H.; Bailey, W.; Craig, W. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; July/Aug 1984. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers  v. 27 (4): p. 1173-1174; July/Aug 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   37                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 1. Factors affecting temperament. Fordyce, G.; Dodt, R.M.; Wythes, J.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 683-687; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Shorthorn; Brahman; Herds; Temperament; Animal behavior; Age; Growth rate; Pregnancy; Handling; Cattle husbandry; Management   38                             NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Cattle transportation strategies. Wythes, J.R. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 /  [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. suppl. p. 22-40; 1985.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Queensland; Cattle; Transport; Facilities; Design; Guidelines; Animal welfare   39                                       NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Causes of sheep death during sea transport. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 136-138. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Exports; Heat stress; Mortality; Salmonellosis; Sea transport; Starvation; Trauma   40                                    NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Certification problems for the international shipper. Frederiksen, E.D. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1984 Apr 24. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (10th): p. 60; 1984 Apr 24.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal health; Certification; Identification; Transport of animals; International trade   41                          NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Challenges facing the livestock freight forwarder in the 1990's. Coates, J. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association,  April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 29-32; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock transporters; Transport of animals   42                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Changes in body composition of feeder pigs during simulated marketing and transportation. Becker, B.A.; Mayes, H.E.; Jesse, G.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987. Journal of animal science v. 65 (suppl.1): p. 111; 1987.  Includes abstract.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Body composition; Transport of animals; Stress   43                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Changes in pig salivary cortisol in response to transport simulation, food and water deprivation, and mixing. Parrott, R.F.; Misson, B.H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 145 (6): p. 501-505; 1989 Nov. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Saliva; Cortisol; Transport of animals; Restricted feeding; Water intake; Stress; Corticotrophin; Animal welfare   44                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Chronological age and dentition effects on carcass and meat quality of cattle in northern Australia. Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 31 (2): p. 145-152; 1991. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Cows; Steers; Transport of animals; Slaughter; Age; Bruises; Carcass quality; Carcass weight; Dentition; Liveweight; Meat quality; Muscle tissue; Properties; Cooking losses   45                                     NAL Call. No.: HV4733.C6 Code of practice on the care of farm animals and horses during their transport on roll-on/roll-0ff ferries..  Code of practice Great Britain, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Great Britain, Dept. of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Great Britain, Welsh Office, Agriculture Dept Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey : Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ; Edinburgh : Dept. of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland ; Cardiff : Welsh Office Agriculture Dept., [1989?]; 1989. 1 v. (unpaged) ; 21 cm.  Cover title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Domestic animals; Transportation; Animal welfare   46                                      NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Comparison of the stressfulness of harvesting broiler chickens by machine and by hand. Duncan, I.J.H.; Slee, G.S.; Kettlewell, P.; Berry, P.L; Carlisle, A.J. Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1986 Mar. British poultry science v. 27 (1): p. 109-114. ill; 1986 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Stress; Mechanical handling; Manual operation; Animal husbandry; Heart rate; Immobilization; Telemetry   47                                    NAL Call. No.: 280.38 F62 Containertransport von Schlachtschweinen  [Container transport for slaughter pigs]. Ring, C.; Blendl, H.M. Frankfurt am Main, W. Ger. : Deutscher Fachverlag; 1984 Sep. Fleischwirtschaft v. 64 (9): p. 1058-1062. ill; 1984 Sep.  Language:  German  Descriptors: Container transport; Slaughter; Pigs; Transport boxes   48                                    NAL Call. No.: 280.38 F62 Containertransport von Schlachtschweinen. Eine tierschutzerische und okonomische Massnahme  [Container transport for slaughter pigs. Animal protection and economic measures.]. Ring, C.; Blendl, H.M. Frankfurt am Main, W. Ger. : Sponholz; July 1984. Fleischwirtschaft v. 64 (7): p. 808-811, 830; July 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  German; English   49                               NAL Call. No.: S131.E22 no.198 Cost comparison of private vs. for-hire trucking of cattle. Soule, Charles B. Laramie, Wyo. : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming,; 1984. iv, 50 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.. (Research journal / Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station ; 198).  Bibliography: p. 35.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Wyoming; Transportation; Costs   50                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Deaths in sheep exported by sea from Western Australia--analysis of ship Master's reports. Norris, R.T.; Richards, R.B. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1989 Apr. Australian veterinary journal v. 66 (4): p. 97-102; 1989 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Transport of animals; Sheep; Animal welfare; Boats and ships; Pelleted feeds   51                                       NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Deaths of sheep during the phases of export. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 134-135. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Exports; Mortality; Sea transport; Animal welfare   52                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Design of loading facilities and holding pens. Grandin, T. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 187-201; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pigs; Sheep; Pens; Loading; Floors; Lighting; Slopes; Chutes; Transport of animals; Structural design   53                                     NAL Call. No.: SF887.I57 Determining the health status of embryos for international movement. Maaten, M.J. van der Champaign, Ill.? : The Society?; 1988. International embryo movement : proceedings of a symposium, Montreal, 1987 / edited by W.C.D. Hare and Sarah M. Seidel. p. 147-161; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pigs; Embryos (animal); Animal health; Disease prevention; Handling; Storage; Preservation   54                                   NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Disinfection of poultry transport cages. El-Assaad, F.G.; Stewart, L.E.; Carr, L.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-6015): 35 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Summer Meeting," June 24-27, 1990, Columbus, Ohio.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Poultry; Cages; Transport; Disinfection; Decontamination; Salmonella   55                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1285 The down side of livestock marketing produced by Farm Sanctuary. Farm Sanctuary Watkins Glen, NY : Farm Sanctuary,; 1991. 1 videocassette (19 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Stockyards  Abstract:  Discusses why weak, sick animals are ignored and left to die by stockyards and auction markets and how farmers, livestock truckers, profit margins, and low livestock prices combine to create pressures to overcrowd animals for transport and not to pay for veterinary services when the animals arrive sick at the stockyards or markets.   56                                 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Ducks., 3rd ed. Hearn, P.J.; Gooderham, K.R. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988. Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 243-253. ill; 1988. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Ducks; Breeding programs; Duck feeding; Poultry housing; Handling; Disease prevention   57                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 The duration of lot-feeding of sheep before sea transport. Norris, R.T.; Richards, R.B.; Norman, G.J. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan. Australian veterinary journal v. 69 (1): p. 8-10; 1992 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Wethers; Sheep feeding; Duration; Sea transport; Transport of animals; Pelleted feeds; Body weight; Dry lot feeding   58                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Economic, clinical and functional consequences of a treatment using metrenperone during an outbreak of shipping fever in cattle. Genicot, B.; Mouligneau, F.; Rollin, F.; Lindsey, J.K.; Close, R.; Lekeux, P. London : The Association; 1993 Mar 06. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association  v. 132 (10): p. 245-247; 1993 Mar 06.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Drug therapy; Pasteurella haemolytica   59                                    NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 EEC animal health and transportation regulations. Moss, R. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1986 Apr 28. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (12th): p. 26-27; 1986 Apr 28.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Animal health; Regulations; Animal welfare; European Economic Community   60                                      NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Effect of adaptation to handling on the circulating corticosterone concentration of laying hens. Webb, M.L.; Mashaly, M.M. Harlow, Essex : Longman; 1984 Jul. British poultry science v. 25 (3): p. 425-427; 1984 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Corticosterone; Blood sampling; Stress; Sampling techniques; Adaptation; Handling   61                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C162 The effect of assembly and transit stressors on plasma fibrinogen concentration of beef calves (Shipping fever). Phillips, W.A. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; Jan 1984. Canadian journal of comparative medicine; Revue canadienne de medecine comparee v. 48 (1): p. 35-41; Jan 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English; French   62                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of blood sampling and shipment to slaughter on plasma catecholamine concentrations in bulls. Rulofson, F.C.; Brown, D.E.; Bjur, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 May. Journal of animal science v. 66 (5): p. 1223-1229; 1988 May. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bulls; Blood sampling; Transport of animals; Blood plasma; Catecholamines; Norepinephrine; Adrenalin   63                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Effect of bone strength on the frequency of broken bones in hens. Knowles, T.G.; Broom, D.M.; Gregory, N.G.; Wilkins, L.J. London : British Veterinary Association; 1993 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 54 (1): p. 15-19; 1993 Jan. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Bone fractures; Bone strength; Frequency; Body weight; Bones; Humerus; Breed differences; Battery cages  Abstract:  Bird weight, breaking strength of humerus and tibiotarsus and the number of bones broken during culling were recorded for four breeds of end-of- lay hens housed in battery cages. Tbe probability of a bone being broken increased with bird weight and decreased with increasing bone strength. Bone strength increased with bird weight within each breed but the increase in strength was not great enough to prevent the extra damage suffered by heavier birds. There were differences in tibiotarsal strength between the four breeds of bird but overall no breed was more likely to suffer from broken bones than another. The rate of increase of bone strength with weight was similar between breeds and between humerus and tibiotarsus. The results show that differences in bone strength due to the type of housing system in which birds are kept are great enough to affect the ease with which bones are broken during bird handling during removal from cages at the end of lay.   64                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of catching method and lighting intensity on the prevalence of broken bones and on the ease of handling of end-of-lay hens. Gregory, N.G.; Wilkins, L.J.; Alvey, D.M.; Tucker, S.A. London : The Association; 1993 Feb06. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132 (6): p. 127-129; 1993 Feb06.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Bone fractures   65                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effect of early handling on growth, mortality and feed efficiency in White Leghorns. Leonard, M.L.; Fairfull, R.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 121-128; 1992 Jul. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Animal husbandry; Handling; Growth rate; Mortality; Feed conversion efficiency; Cannibalism   66                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of enrofloxacin therapy on shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle. Lekeux, P.; Art, T. London : The Association; 1988 Aug20. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 123 (8): p. 205-207; 1988 Aug20.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pasteurella; Pneumonia; Drug therapy; Antiinfective agents   67                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 The effect of fasting, transit plus fasting, and administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the source and amount of weight loss by feeder steers of different ages. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 69 (6): p. 2342-2348; 1991 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Weight losses; Fasting; Transport; Corticotropin; Excretion; Stress; Age differences  Abstract:  Two trials (winter and summer) were conducted to determine effects of fasting and transportation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTED) administration on the amount and source of weight lost by feeder steers. Sixteen steers, in each of two experiments, were adapted to metabolism status for 10 d, were fed medium-quality hay at 2.1% of BW for 3 d, and then were subjected to either fasting alone or fasting plus transit for 48 h. In Exp. 1 steers were randomly assigned to treatments. In Exp. 2 steers were blocked by age (OLD or YOUNG) and assigned to treatments. Fecal and urinary excretions accounted for 65 and 38% of the total weight lost in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Fasting plus transit did not consistently increase the amount of weight lost compared with fasting alone but increased (P < .01) plasma glucose concentrations. Injection of ACTH before either fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased (P < .05) the amount of weight lost as feces. Steers in the OLD group lost more weight during transit and fasting but regained the lost weight faster (P < .01) during the recovery period than did steers in the YOUNG group. Injecting YOUNG steers with ACTH before fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased plasma fibrinogen (P < .10) and serum glucose (P < .05) concentrations more than ACTH injections in OLD steers. Although fasting and transit elicit mobilization of body nutrients and resulted in a loss of BW, these effects were quickly reversed during the post-stress period.    68                                     NAL Call. No.: SF601.V38 The effect of handling methods on subsequent plasma progesterone levels in sheep. Mukasa-Mugerwa, E.; Bekele, T.; Kasali, O.B. Hingham, Mass. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1989. Veterinary research communications v. 13 (1): p. 75-79; 1989. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Progesterone; Blood analysis; Blood plasma   69                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 C164 Effect of manure handling on air quality and pig performance in partially slatted floor barns. Bate, L.A.; Hacker, R.R.; Phillips, P.A. Ottawa : Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering; 1988 Jan. Canadian agricultural engineering v. 30 (1): p. 107-110; 1988 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pig housing; Pigs; Pig slurry; Waste treatment; Air quality; Slatted floors   70                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of marketing treatments and transportation on feeder pig performance. Jesse, G.W.; Weiss, C.N.; Mayes, H.F.; Zinn, G.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 68 (3): p. 611-617; 1990 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Fasting; Animal feeding; Drinking water; Transport of animals; Marketing; Weight losses   71                                   NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) The effect of mass medication on health and performance of newly arrived stocker cattle. Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Hicks, R.B.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (118): p. 260-268; 1986 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Drug therapy; Stress; Morbidity   72                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of mixing stress on the incidence of osteochondrosis in pigs: scanning electron microscopy. Walker, B.; Aherne, F.X. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1988 Sep. Canadian journal of animal science v. 68 (3): p. 591-602. ill; 1988 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Osteochondritis; Stress; Animal husbandry; Handling; Scanning electron microscopy; Social structure   73                                       NAL Call. No.: 10 N81R Effect of on farm mixing and transport conditions on carcass quality of bacon weight pigs. Moss, B.W.; Trimble, D. Belfast : Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland; 1988. Record of agricultural research v. 36: p. 95-100; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Northern ireland; Pigs; Bacon; Skins; Injuries; Fighting; Stress; Transport of animals; Carcass quality; Exudative meat; Statistical analysis   74                                 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS Effect of pre-slaughter fast and transportation of pigs on weight loss and meat quality. Mayes, H.; Hahn, L.; Nienaber, J.; Jesse, G.C.; Anderson, M.; Becker, A.; Heymann, H.; Bryan, R.; Hedrick, H.B. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1988. Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [461]: 3 p.; 1988.  Indexed from reprint: 34th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology. Congress Proceedings, Part A. August 29-September 2, 1988, Brisbane, Australia. p. 145-147.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Pigmeat; Fasting; Slaughter; Weight losses; Meat quality; Transport of animals; Carcass weight; Liver; Glycogen   75                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Effect of pre-slaughter handling on the behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle. Cockram, M.S.; Corley, K.T.T. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 147 (5): p. 444-454; 1991 Sep. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Blood composition; Animal behavior; Abattoirs  Abstract:  The pre-slaughter handling, behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle at slaughter was studied in a commercial slaughterhouse. The main problems identified were the routine use of driving instruments and delays caused by stoppages in the slaughter line. The plasma concentration of cortisol at the time of slaughter was positively correlated with the time spent standing still and with the time spent in the pre-stun pen. The plasma activity of creatine kinase was positively correlated with the time spent in the race, but no correlations between creatine kinase and physical activity in the race were found. The plasma concentration of glucose was positively correlated with the time spent trotting and the number of times that struggling occurred. The proportions of cattle struggling, vocalizing and defaecating were greatest when they were confined in the race and pre-stun pen. Cattle kept overnight in the lairage had a greater concentration of free fatty acids at the time of slaughter than those slaughtered on the day of arrival. There were no other significant differences in either the blood compositon or the handling and behaviour of cattle kept overnight in the lairage, compared with those slaughtered on the day of arrival. Some of the handling problems observed were caused by incorrect design of the handling facilities. There should be some means of removing cattle from a race if delays are encountered and some means of handling the cattle in the race other than by using an electrical goad. The optimal dimensions of races and passageways to prevent crowding and turning around should be assessed at the design stage. Non-slip floors are essential.   76                                      NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12 Effect of preslaughter transport on carcass yield and indices of meat quality in sheep. Warriss, P.D.; Kestin, S.C.; Young, C.S.; Bevis, E.A.; Brown, S.N. Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1990. Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 51 (4):  p. 517-523; 1990. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Transport; Slaughter; Carcass yield; Meat quality   Abstract:  One hundred and sixty castrated male crossbred lambs were fed a complete pelleted diet ad libitum for 4 weeks prior to slaughter at a live weight of about 32 kg in two trials carried out in June and November 1984. They were killed after having been subjected to withdrawal of food, but not water, for 21 h and either no transport on the day of slaughter or a journey, lasting for 1, 3 or 6 h. Transport had no significant effect on the weights of any body components measured. However, although the effect was not statistically significant (P = 0.25), sheep transported for 3 or 6 h produced slightly lighter (1.7%) carcasses than those either not transported or subjected to a 1 h journey. Transported sheep had higher concentrations of plasma glucose and liver glycogen, and lower levels of plasma free fatty acids and urea N. Muscle glycogen, pHu or water holding capacity were not influenced by transport, but fibre optic probe value was lower in sheep transported for 1 h than in those transported for 6 h. No differences were found between the results of the two trials, suggesting that season was not important in determining the responses of sheep to transport.   77                                      NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of previous experiences on livestock behavior during handling. Grandin, T. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Agri-Practice v. 14 (4): p. 15-20; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Colorado; Cattle; Sheep; Animal behavior; Veterinary medicine; Handling; Chutes; Hydraulic equipment; Restraint of animals   78                                      NAL Call. No.: 101 AL1A The effect of pre-weaning handling and post-weaning mixing on the incidence of osteochondrosis in pigs. Walker, B.; Aherne, F.X. Edmonton : The Faculty; 1987. Agriculture & forestry bulletin - Alberta University. Faculty of Extension (special issue): p. 20-22; 1987.  Paper presented at the 66th Annual Feeders' Day Report, June 12, 1987, University of Alberta, Canada.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Osteochondritis; Handling; Stress; Leg weakness   79                                    NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P The effect of taurine transport antagonists on cardiac taurine concentration and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome in male broiler chickens. Jacob, J.P.; Blair, R.; Hart, L.E.; Gardiner, E.E. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1991 Mar. Poultry science v. 70 (3): p. 561-567; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Chicks; Male animals; Taurine; Myocardium; Mortality; Etiology; Amino acid antagonists; Guanidines; Alanine; Broiler performance; Age differences  Abstract:  Two experiments were conducted in which 540 day-old male broiler chickens were raised in heated battery brooders to 4 wk of age. Diets contained taurine antagonists to test effects on cardiac taurine content and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS). In Experiment 1 treatments during Weeks 2 to 4 were A) basal diet; B) basal diet supplemented with .25% guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES) in Weeks 2 and 1.5% GES in Weeks 3 and 4; and C) basal diet supplemented with.5% GES in Weeks 2 to 4. The taurine content of heart was significantly reduced (P<.05) with GES supplementation, but no effects on SDS mortality rates were noted. In Experiment 2 birds received diets containing 0.2.5, or 5% beta-alanine. Supplementation with this compound decreased cardiac taurine concentration to extremely low levels (P<.05). No significant effects on SDS mortality rates were noted. The results are interpreted as suggesting that taurine does not play a major role in the etiology of SDS.   80                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of the angle of slope on the ease with which pigs negotiate loading ramps. Warriss, P.D.; Bevis, E.A.; Edwards, J.E.; Brown, S.N.; Knowles, T.G. London : The Association; 1991 May04. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128 (18): p. 419-421; 1991 May04.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Slopes; Chutes; Spacing   81                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of the stress of weaning and transport on white blood cell patterns and fibrinogen concentration of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 333-340; 1989 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu cattle; Genotypes; Stress; Weaning; Transport of animals; Leukocytes; Fibrinogen   82                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of transport loading or noise on blood biochemical variables in calves. Agnes, F.; Sartorelli, P.; Abdi, B.H.; Locatelli, A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (10): p. 1679-1681; 1990 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Blood chemistry; Transport of animals; Stress; Loading; Noise; Epinephrine; Hydrocortisone; Fatty acids  Abstract:  The influence of 2 transport stressors (loading and noise) on several serum and plasma biochemical variables was studied in 4 calves. When calves were loaded and kept for 30 minutes on a motionless transport simulator or were exposed to the noise of the working simulator, increases in plasma epinephrine and serum cortisol and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were similar to changes observed in calves subjected to simulated transport for 30 minutes. Results indicate that loading and noise have an important role in transport stress.   83                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of transport on feeder calves. Cole, N.A.; Camp, T.H.; Rowe, L.D. Jr; Stevens, D.G.; Hutcheson, D.P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (2): p. 178-183; 1988 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Transport of animals; Weight losses; Animal health; Fattening performance; Hematology; Blood chemistry; Stress; Fasting; Water deprivation   84                                     NAL Call. No.: 448.8 V81 Effect of tunicamycin and monensin on biosynthesis, transport, and maturation of bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins. Van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S.; Babiuk, L.A. New York, N.Y. : Academic Press; 1985 May. Virology v. 143 (1): p. 104-118. ill; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bovine herpes virus; Glycoproteins; Maturation; Monensin; Biosynthesis; Antibiotics   85                               NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The effect of vehicle design on the welfare of animals in transit. Sains, A.G. London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary, Gill McConville. p. 7-15; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Livestock transporters; Design; Loading; Unloading; Stress; Injuries; Mortality; Animal welfare   86                                    NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of 0, 48 or 72 hours of feed and water deprivation and trucking stress on rumen characteristics and bacterial numbers in newly weaned steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C.; Redman, D.R. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 74-84; 1992 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Postweaning interval; Food deprivation;  Transport of animals; Stress; Rumen bacteria; Rumen digestion   87                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effects of abattoir and slaughter handling systems on stress indicators in pig blood. Weeding, C.M.; Hunter, E.J.; Guise, H.J.; Penny, R.H.C. London : The Association; 1993 Jul03. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 133 (1): p. 10-13; 1993 Jul03.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Stress; Slaughter   88                                        NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of antemortem treatment and transport on slaughter characteristics of fryer rabbits. Coppings, R.J.; Ekhator, N.; Ghodrati, A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 872-880; 1989 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Fasting; Transport of animals; Slaughter; Carcass yield; Weight losses   89                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AV5 Effects of ascorbic acid on stress and disease in chickens. Gross, W.B. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1992 Jul. Avian diseases v. 36 (3): p. 688-692; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Fowls; Ascorbic acid; Stress; Fowl diseases; Disease resistance; Furaltadone; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Corticotropin; Feed conversion efficiency; Newcastle disease virus; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Escherichia coli  Abstract:  White Leghorn chickens were given feed containing 100 mg of ascorbic acid (AA)/kg. One day later, treated chickens and a similar group of unmedicated control chickens were chilled for 1 hour at 6 C, exposed to an unusual sound, fasted, or subjected to rough handling. Heterophil:lymphocytes (H:L) ratios were determined one day later. The AA-treated birds had significantly lower H:L ratios than untreated controls. Chickens that received a diet containing AA had lower H:L ratios than controls (0.86 vs. 1.65) following administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Chickens fed a diet containing AA showed increased resistance to a combined Newcastle disease virus-Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection and to a secondary Escherichia coli infection, as well as to a primary E. coli challenge infection. The effects of AA and an antibacterial drug (furaltadone) were additive. In all experiments, the optimum dose of AA was 100 mg/kg of feed. There was a negative correlation between AA level in the diet and feed efficiency.  90                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of aversively handling pigs, either individually or in groups, on their behaviour, growth and corticosteroids. Hemsworth, P.H.; Barnett, J.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 61-72; 1991 Apr. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Gilts; Treatment; Handling; Stress; Animal behavior; Growth; Reproductive performance; Corticoids; Groups; Individuals   91                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Effects of castration on behaviour and plasma cortisol concentrations in young lambs, kids and calves. Mellor, D.J.; Molony, V.; Robertson, I.S. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Sep. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (2): p. 149-154; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Kids; Calves; Castration; Hydrocortisone; Blood sampling; Handling; Stress; Corticotropin; Species differences; Adrenal glands; Pituitary  Abstract:  Behavioural and cortisol responses to the husbandry practice of castration with tight rubber rings were investigated in lambs and kids one day after birth and in hand reared calves aged one to seven days. There were three treatments: control handling and blood sampling, castration and, in lambs and kids only, intravenous adrenocorticotrophin injection (ACTH). The integrated cortisol responses (area under the cortisol curve) in lambs and kids were least in control, intermediate in castrated and greatest in ACTH animals. No cortisol responses were detected in control or castrated calves. The incidences of behaviour used to assess the intensity of distress apparently experienced in the different species corresponded generally with the magnitudes of the cortisol responses. Behavioural and cortisol responses together suggested that the distress caused by castration was greatest in lambs, intermediate in kids and least but not necessarily absent in hand reared calves.  92                                      NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 1. The texture of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 83-101; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Texture   93                                      NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 2. Cooking properties and flavor of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 103-121; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Cooking; Flavors   94                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of differential handling on the behaviour of domestic ewes (Ovis aries). Mateo, J.M.; Estep, D.Q.; McCann, J.S. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (1): p. 45-54; 1991 Oct. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Handling; Animal behavior   95                                     NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822 Effects of handling, administration of a local anesthetic, and electrical dehorning on plasma cortisol in Holstein calves. Boandl, K.E.; Wohlt, J.E.; Carsia, R.V. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1989 Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 72 (8): p. 2193-2197; 1989 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Holstein-friesian; Handling; Anesthesia; Polling; Electricity; Blood plasma; Cortisol   96                                      NAL Call. No.: 47.8 W89 Effects of handling and transport on laying hens. Broom, D.M. London : Butterworth; 1990 Mar. World's poultry science journal v. 46 (1): p. 48-50; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Animal welfare; Transport of animals; Handling   97                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of handling and transportation on the heart rate and behaviour of sheep. Baldock, N.M.; Sibly, R.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 15-39; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Transport of animals; Stress; Isolation; Heart rate; Animal welfare; Handling   98                                      NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of handling procedures, breed differences and treatment with lithium and dexamethasone on some blood parameters in sheep. Fenwick, D.C.; Green, D.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (1): p. 39-47; 1986 Aug. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Sheep breeds; Border leicester; Lithium; Dexamethasone; Hematocrit; Blood plasma; Erythrocytes; Sodium; Potassium; Calcium; Hypocalcemia   99                                      NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7 The effects of handling, transport, slaughter and chilling on meat quality and yield in pigs--a review. Tarrant, P.V. Dublin : Teagasc; 1989. Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (2): p. 79-107; 1989. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ireland; Pigs; Handling; Transport; Slaughter; Chilling; Meat yield; Food quality   100                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Effects of local anaesthesia and intravenous naloxone on the changes in behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol produced by castration and tail docking with tight rubber rings in young lambs. Wood, G.N.; Molony, V.; Fleetwood-Walker, S.M.; Hodgson, J.C.; Mellor, D.J. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Sep. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (2): p. 193-199; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Castration; Docking; Hydrocortisone; Lidocaine; Naloxone; Behavior change; Blood plasma; Pain; Local anesthesia  Abstract:  The reliability of some behavioural and physiological indices used for the recognition and assessment of acute pain in lambs after castration and tail docking has been examined. Changes in the indices were measured after blocking neural activity with local anaesthetic (lignocaine) and after an opioid antagonist (naloxone) was administered. Six lambs, aged less than one week, were allocated randomly to each of six treatments. (i) control handling and blood sampling; (ii) castration plus tail docking with tight rubber rings; (iii) local anaesthesia; (iv) local anaesthesia followed by castration and tail docking; (v) intravenous naloxone only (0.2 mg kg-1); and (vi) intravenous naloxone followed by castration and tail docking. Local anaesthesia eliminated the behavioural and plasma cortisol changes which usually follow castration and tail docking. Naloxone had a limited effect on the increase in cortisol but altered the behaviour. The results support the view that such indices are useful for assessment of the response to acute pain and that, although endogenous opioids do reduce pain in young lambs after castration and tail docking, the effect is small.   101                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effects of marketing stress on fecal excretion of Salmonella spp in feeder calves. Corrier, D.E.; Purdy, C.W.; DeLoach, J.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (6): p. 866-869; 1990 Jun. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Tennessee; Calves; Salmonella; Salmonellosis; Feces; Transport of animals; Stress; Drug resistance; Antiinfective agents  Abstract:  Fecal samples were collected from 200 feeder-calves on farms in Tennessee, after assembly at a Tennessee auction market, and after transport to a Texas feedyard. A final fecal sample was collected from each calf after 30 days of feedyard confinement. The fecal samples were cultured for the presence of Salmonella spp. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial drug- resistance patterns determined. The number of calves fecal culture-positive for Salmonella spp increased from 0 on the Tennessee farms and auction market to 3/200 (1.5%) at entry into the Texas feedyard, and 16/200 (8%) after 30 days of feedyard confinement. Salmonella serotypes isolated and the number of isolates of each serotype were S reading (8), S cerro (4), S newbrunswick (3), S anatum (2), and S typhimurium (copenhagen; 2). All Salmonella isolates were resistant to 5 or more of 13 antimicrobial drugs tested. Salmonella reading isolates were resistant to 10 or 11 of 13 antimicrobial drugs. The results indicated that the calves could have been infected with Salmonella spp prior to or during the course of the study, and that marketing stress as they moved from farm through feedyard may have induced fecal excretion of salmonellae. In addition, the pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance in the Salmonella isolates was broad.    102                                  NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 Effects of naloxone on the oestradiol-induced LH surge and cortisol release in transported cows. Nanda, A.S.; Ward, W.R.; Dobson, H. Colchester : The Journal; 1989 Nov. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 87 (2): p. 803-807; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows; Transport of animals; Neurotropic drugs; Estradiol; Lh; Cortisol; Hormone secretion   103                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of preconditioning on pre- and post-shipment performance of feeder calves. Pritchard, R.H.; Mendez, J.K. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 68 (1): p. 28-34; 1990 Jan.  This record corrects ID No. 90013323 which was incorrectly entered as issue 19. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Adaptation; Conditioning; Transport of animals; Feedlots; Weight losses; Fattening performance; Beef production   104                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of restraint, handling, simulated and real transport in the pig (with reference to man and other species). Stephens, D.B.; Perry, G.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 41-55; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Restraint of animals; Handling; Transport of animals; Vibration; Noise; Fearfulness; Cardiovascular system; Animal welfare; Feed intake   105                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 The effects of road transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in calves. Murata, H.; Takahashi, H.; Matsumoto, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 143 (2): p. 166-174; 1987 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Road transport; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Leukocyte count; Immune response; Cortisol; Stress   106                                     NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5 The effects of stress on the immunology of the stocker calf. Von Tungeln, D.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986. Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 109-112; 1985, reprinted 1986.  Includes 18 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Stress; Immunology; Environment; Transport; Hematology; Metabolism; Cortisol; Glucocorticoids   107                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effects of the stress of weaning and transit on performance and metabolic profile of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Dec. Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 991-999; 1987 Dec.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Genotypes; Weaning; Stress; Transport of animals; Body weight; Metabolism   108                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Effects of transport and electrolyte supplementation on ion concentrations, carcass yield and quality in bulls. Schaefer, A.L.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W.; Young, B.A. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Mar. Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 107-119; 1990 Mar.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef bulls; Electrolytes retention; Electrolytes; Ions; Supplementary feeding; Transport of animals; Stress; Beef quality; Carcass yield   109                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Effects of transport stress and electrolyte supplementation on body fluids and weights of bulls. Gortel, K.; Schaefer, A.L.; Young, B.A.; Kawamoto, S.C. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Sep. Canadian journal of animal science v. 72 (3): p. 547-553; 1992 Sep.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bulls; Transport of animals; Road transport; Stress; Electrolytes; Drinking water; Body fluids; Liveweight; Carcass yield; Rumen   110                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Effects of xylazine on the stress response to transport in male goats. Sanhouri, A.A.; Jones, R.S.; Dobson, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1992 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 148 (2): p. 119-128; 1992 Mar.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Goats; Xylazine; Stress; Transport of animals; Road transport; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Blood sugar; Respiration rate; Heart rate; Timing  Abstract:  A 20-min van journey increased plasma cortisol concentrations to 15-15 ng/ml in male goats, blood glucose concentrations were not affected, but respiratory rates and heart rates were increased, the latter by 40 beats per min. A 2-h van journey increased plasma cortisol to > 25 ng/ml and blood glucose to > 5 mmol/l. Respiratory rates were increased to > 40 breaths per min. and heart rates by > 100 beats per min. Xylazine alone (0.01 mg/kg) suppressed resting plasma cortisol concentrations, increased blood glucose concentrations to 4.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l and suppressed respiratory rates by 5-10 breaths per min and heart rates by 20 beats per min. Cortisol concentrations were suppressed by xylazine treatment if given before a 20-min van journey, and for approximately 60 min if given 20 min after the start of a 2-h journey. When combined with transport, xylazine caused an additive effect on glucose concentrations, but suppressed respiratory and heart rates. However, for the latter criteria and the timing of suppression was different depending on the time of onset and duration of the stressor. Injection of 50 micrograms ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) caused an immediate elevation of cortisol concentrations (but not glucose) which lasted for at least 6 H compared with the return to baseline within 60 min after either length of journey. Xylazine pretreatment did not alter the cortisol response to CRF, suggesting that xylazine must act centrally above pituitary level when blocking the cortisol response to transport. It is proposed that under resting conditions the hypothalamus is under alpha2-adrenergic suppression. Stimulation of cortisol secretion in response to a stressor can be inhibited by an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist.   111                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224 Efficacy of a Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine/bacterial extract in the  prevention of bovine respiratory disease in recently shipped feedlot calves. Bateman, K.G. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 29 (9,i.e.10): p. 838-839; 1988 Oct.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Respiratory diseases; Pasteurella haemolytica; Vaccines; Vaccination; Feedlots; Disease prevention   112                               NAL Call. No.: SF490.S76 1986 Egg production practices., 3rd ed. Stadelman, W.J.; Swanson, M.H. London : Macmillan; 1986. Egg science and technology / edited by William J. Stadelman, Owen Cotterill. p. 11-36. ill; 1986.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Hens; Egg production; Replacement; Poultry housing; Equipment; Hen feeding; Animal health; Eggs; Handling; Processing   113                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Electro-immobilization versus mechanical restraint in an avoid-avoid choice test for ewes. Grandin, T.; Curtis, S.E.; Widowski, T.M.; Thurmon, J.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 62 (6): p. 1469-1480. maps; 1986 Jun.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Ewes; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Mechanical handling; Restraint of animals; Animal behavior   114                             NAL Call. No.: SF510.5.M55 1992 The emu farmer's handbook. Minnaar, Phillip; Minnaar, Maria Groveton, Tex. (Star Rt. 2, Box 8B, Groveton 75845) : Induna Co.,; 1992. vii, 178 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p. 178).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Emu farming    115                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Environment and genetic effect on hog handling. Grandin, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4514): 7 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting,  December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Pig housing; Environment; Animal husbandry; Genetic effects; Animal behavior   116                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 An epidemiological study of sheep deaths before and during export by sea from Western Australia. Norris, R.T.; Richards, R.B.; Dunlop, R.H. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1989 Sep. Australian veterinary journal v. 66 (9): p. 276-279; 1989 Sep.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Sheep; Death; Mortality; Sea transport; Road transport; Exports; Epidemiology; Pelleted feeds; Feedlots   117                              NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1984 EVA Animal Welfare Foundation Symposium--priorities in animal welfare: summary and conclusions. Tandy, J. (comp.); Oliver, D.F. (comp.) London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1984?]; 1984. Priorities in animal welfare : the proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's first symposium, held on 20 November 1984 / edited by Liz Bagnall. p. 108-116; 1984. (Symposia series 1).  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Livestock; Poultry; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Education; Animal research; Transport of animals; Legislation   118                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Evaluating beef cattle operations for stress-management procedures. Nash, D.; Pollreisz, J.P. Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1988 Aug. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian  v. 10 (8): p. 971-972, 974-976; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Stress; Management; Environment; Transport;  Nutrition programs; Beef production   119                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Excellence in the transportation of livestock--Canadian developments. Blommers, H. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1985 Mar18. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (11th): p. 9-10; 1985 Mar18.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Canada; Livestock; Transport of animals; Animal health; Inspection; Marketing   120                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Factors affecting in-transport shrink and liver abscesses in fed steers. Harman, B.R.; Brinkman, M.H.; Hoffman, M.P.; Self, H.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 67 (2): p. 311-317; 1989 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Steers; Liveweight; Weight losses; Liver abscess; Transport of animals; Seasonal fluctuations; Cattle housing; Weight gain   121                              NAL Call. No.: HV4733.F37 1984 Farm animal abuses during transportation. Humane Society of the United States Washington DC : Humane Society of the United States,; 1984. 2 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Fact sheet).  Caption title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare   122                            NAL Call. No.: KF27.A33277 1990e Farm Animal and Research Facilities Protection Act of 1989 hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and the Subcommittee on Forests, Family Farms, and Energy of  the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred First  Congress, second session, on H.R. 3270, July 17, 1990. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture Washington [D.C.] :  U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,  U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 4.Ag 8/1:101-62. vii, 306 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.   Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list  no.: 91-206-P.  Serial no. 101-62. Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Domestic animals; Animal welfare; Animal experimentation   123                              NAL Call. No.: HV4764.U54 1992 Farm Animal and Research Facilities Protection Act of 1992 report (to accompany H.R. 2407). United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture Washington : D.C.? : U.S. G.P.O., 1992-; 1992-9999; Y1.1/8:102-498/pt.1-.  v. ; 24 cm. (Rept. / 102d Congress, 2d session, House of Representatives ;  102-498). Caption title.  Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 92-0399-P (pt. 1).  "April 9, 1992"--Pt. 1. Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Animal rights activists; Fines (Penalties); Laboratory animals; Domestic animals; Laboratories   124                               NAL Call. No.: SF197.F37 1991 Farm cattle handling. Australia, Standing Committee on Agriculture East Melbourne, Vic., Australia? : CSIRO : Available from CSIRO Publications,; 1991. 95 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (SCA report ; no. 35).   Includes bibliographical references (p. 95).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Cattle pens   125                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Fear levels in laying hens carried by hand and by mechanical conveyors. Scott, G.B.; Moran, P. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 36 (4): p. 337-345; 1993 May.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Fearfulness; Handling   126                                     NAL Call. No.: 100 L935 Feasibility of specialized for-hire cattle handling crews. Schupp, A.; Riechers, R. Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1987 Sep. D.A.E. research report - Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (676): 24 p. maps; 1987 Sep.  Includes statistical data.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Louisiana; Dairy cattle; Beef cattle; Veterinary services; Feasibility studies; Hired labor; Fees; Cost benefit analysis; Operating costs   127                               NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.287 Feeder pigs, official U.S. grades..  Feeder pigs, official US grades. United States, Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock & Seed Division Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Seed Division,; 1988; A 88.38:F 32. 1 poster :  col. ; 97 x 54 cm.  Shipping list no.: 89-510-P.  August 1988.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Swine  128                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1234 First steps moving toward sustainability : livestock management (hogs)..  First steps; moving toward sustainability Livestock management (hogs) Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service Ames, Iowa? : Extension, [1990?]; 1990. 1 videocassette (28 min.) :  sd., col. ; 3/4 in.   Program was prepared with the support of USDA Agreement 88-COOP-1-3523.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Swine; Swine farrowing facilities; Manure handling;  Sustainable agriculture  Abstract:  Presents three hog producers who have made changes in their production methods, based on sustainable agricultural decisions involving productivity, high volume, and environmental concerns and effects. The changes range from a totally pasture farrowing and finishing process to a drug-free finishing process to having hogs pastured on a corn stubble field to provide manure to the field while they feed off the corn stubble and fallen cobs.   129                                   NAL Call. No.: S542.A1N45 Flock size structure of the New Zealand sheep flock. Wall, G.L. Wellington : Department of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1985. New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture v. 13 (3):  p. 241-245; 1985. Includes 2 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Flocks; Livestock number; Handling;  Farm surveys; Sheep farming; Statistics; Manpower units   130                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Future directions to reduce sheep deaths. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 146-148. ill; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Sheep; Sea transport; Animal nutrition; Exports; Mortality; Salmonellosis; Starvation; Therapy   131                               NAL Call. No.: KF25.E224 1986 The future of the American cattle industry hearing before the Subcommittee  on Agriculture and Transportation of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress  of the United States, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, March 31, 1986. United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Agriculture and Transportation Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1986. iii, 182 p. : ill. ;  24 cm.. (S. hrg. ; 99-857).  Distributed to some depository libraries in  microfiche. Shipping list no.: 86-908-P. Includes bibliographical references.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Cattle trade; United States; Beef industry; United States   132                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Good cattle handling facilities--less stress on man and beast alike (Corrals, chutes and headgates, enclosures for working cattle). Vogt, J. Colbert, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; June 1984. Georgia cattleman v. 12 (6): p. 12; June 1984.  Language:  English   133                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Good facilities = easy handling (Corral systems, enclosures for doctoring and working cattle). Dobbins, C.N. Jr Colbert, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; June 1984. Georgia cattleman v. 12 (6): p. 30-31; June 1984.  Language:  English   134                            NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Grazing animal transport and handling--cumulative husbandry in the export of livestock. Meischke, H.R.C.; Brennan, R.G. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 137-144;  1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Handling; Transport; Exports; Livestock; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Animal welfare   135                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.K4 Group handling of dairy cows. Lane, G.T.; Riddell, D.O.; Olson, K.L. Lexington, Ky., The Service; 1985 Dec. ASC - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 3 p.;  1985 Dec.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kentucky; Dairy cows; Milk production; Groups; Handling; Lactation stage; Loose housing   136                               NAL Call. No.: aSF89.P63 1993 A guide for livestock exporters. Poerstel, Thomas M.; Craig, W. L. United States, Agricultural Marketing Service, Transportation and Marketing Division Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Transportation and Marketing Division, [1993?]; 1993. 1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill. ; 30 cm.  Cover title.  Loose-leaf for updating. Includes bibliographical references (leaf [100]).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animals; Animals, Air transportation of   137                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Handle with care: producers play an important role in overall issues management strategy. Allender, S. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1991 Jul. Georgia cattleman v. 19 (7): p. 9; 1991 Jul.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Animal welfare; Public relations    138                                NAL Call. No.: SF89.H85 1991 Handling and loading of livestock. Humane Slaughter Association (1986-); Agricultural Training Board Potters Bar, Herts. : Humane Slaughter Association,; 1991. 35 p. : ill. ; 15 x 21 cm.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animals   139                                   NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Handling and transport effects on market hogs--evaluation of weight losses, physiological changes, and meat quality. Hahn, G.L.; Mayes, H.F.; Nienaber, J.A.; Becker, B.A.; Anderson, M.E.;  Hedrick, H.B.; Jesse, G.C.; Heymann, J.; Bryan, R.; Ellersieck, M. Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1989 Jun. ARS - U.S. Department of Agriculture,  Agricultural Research Service (71-1): p. 73-75; 1989 Jun.  In series analytic:  Swine Research Progress Report No. 3 / edited by Margie McAlhany.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Nebraska; Missouri; Pigs; Transport of animals; Weight losses; Road transport; Fasting; Carcass quality   140                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The handling and transport of broilers and spent hens. Knowles, T.G.; Broom, D.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 75-91; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Hens; Handling; Transport of animals; Animal welfare   141                                  NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Handling hogs. Grandin, T.; Ernst, K.; Ernst, D.; McGlone, J. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1989 Apr. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2183): 4 p. ill; 1989 Apr.  In Subseries: Pork Industry Handbook. Management.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Handling   142                                      NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84Y Handling, housing and sanitation. Carlson, J.L. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture; 1984. The Yearbook of agriculture. p. 251-258. ill; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Livestock housing; Sanitation   143                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1334 Handling livestock naturally Livestock Marketing Association ; produced for Livestock Marketing Association by AgriBase, Inc. ; producer, Mike Sweet ;  director, Rustin Hamilton. AgriBase, Inc, Livestock Marketing Association Kansas City, Mo.? : AgriBase,; 1989. 1 videocassette (15 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Discusses viewing the world through the animal's eyes when handling then on the farm, for transport and at markets. Covers how to transport with gentleness, understanding of the animal's field of vision, point of balance, flight zone, and blind spot, how to feed and water animals at markets, how to move animals without hitting, yelling, or electric shock, how to deal with medical problems, and caring of facilities to reduce injuries.   144                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The handling of cattle pre-slaughter and its effects on carcass and meat quality. Warriss, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 171-186; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Carcasses; Beef quality; Transport of animals; Bruises; Marketing; Dark cutting meat; Animal welfare   145                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Handling yearling bulls coming off performance test. Brown, D.T. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1986 Feb. Georgia cattleman v. 14 (2): p. 34, 36; 1986 Feb.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bulls; Reproductive ability   146                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1989 Health care of livestock during transit. Cruz, V.A. Lemoore, Calif. : Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., [1989?]; 1989. 15th International Conference, the Animal Air Transportation Association  Inc., April 9-12, 1989, San Antonio, Texas : proceedings. p. 43-44; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal health; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Ships   147                                   NAL Call. No.: HM206.A1H8 Herd composition in an Aymara community of the Peruvian Altiplano: a linear programming problem. Kuznar, L.A. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Sep. Human ecology v. 19 (3): p. 369-387; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Peru; Alpacas; Herds; Linear programming; Livestock numbers; Species; Farm management; Decision analysis; Value systems; Constraints; Social environment; Traditional society; Rural communities; Animal products; Farmyard manure; Forage; Labor; Transport; Marginal analysis; Resource allocation; Mathematical models    148                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1989 Honda cattle shipments. Houle, F. Lemoore, Calif. : Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., [1989?]; 1989. 15th International Conference, the Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., April 9-12, 1989, San Antonio, Texas : proceedings. p. 33-35; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Ships   149                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3 How to handle bulls. Wilson, M.; Seykora, T. Minneapolis : Miller Publishing Co; 1986 Aug. Dairy herd management v. 23 (8): p. 26-27. ill; 1986 Aug.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Handling   150                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4764.A3H7 HSUS exposes livestock transportation cruelty. Humane Society of the United States Washington, D.C. (2100 L St., N.W., Washington 20037) : Humane Society of the United States,; 1984. [4] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Close-up report).  Caption title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animals, Treatment of; United States; Animals; Transportation; Livestock; United States   151                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Human handling, flock size and responses to an E. coli challenge in young chickens. Collins, J.W.; Siegel, P.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (1/2): p. 183-188; 1987 Dec.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Females; Group size; Flocks; Feed conversion efficiency; Liveweight gains; Animal welfare; Animal behavior; Escherichia coli; Disease resistance; Socialization   152                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Human subjective response to lorry vibration: implications for farm animal transport. Randall, J.M. London : Academic Press; 1992 Aug. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 52 (4): p. 295-307; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Trucks; Drivers; Operator comfort; Vibration; Transport of animals; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Lorry drivers are exposed to a wide range of mechanical vibrations and random motions. The seat and sometimes the cab suspensions are designed to reduce vibration exposure. Nevertheless drivers are often subjected to considerable discomfort occurring within minutes of starting a journey. The frequencies and axes of vibration which occur at a driver's seat are often close to those of maximum discomfort for the human. On a livestock transporter, the interfaces between the animals and the vehicle are not designed to reduce vibration and it is possible that animals are subjected to a higher vibration magnitude than the driver. However, nothing is known of the discomfort or welfare levels experienced by livestock (e.g. cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry) during transport as the result of vibration and motion. This paper draws analogues with subjective evaluations of human comfort and poses a number of questions which must be addressed by research in order to quantify vibration dose, animal welfare response relationships. The primary requirement is to determine to what extent frequency dependent response weightings for the most important axes of vibration are necessary for each animal species and to determine how they should be defined. This would enable a comparison to be made between the experiences of humans and animals.   153                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and meat quality in stressed pigs offered excess dietary tryptophan and tyrosine. Adeola, O.; Ball, R.O. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 70 (6): p. 1888-1894; 1992 Jun.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Feed supplements; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Serotonin; Catecholamines; Exudative meat; Pigmeat; Hypothalamus; Pig feeding; Stress  Abstract:  Pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork occurs, for the most part, from environmental stress on the pig. Amino acid intake may be related to stress susceptibility through hormone and neurotransmitter induction. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether supplementation of 5 g of tryptophan (TRP) or 10 g of tyrosine (TYR) per kilogram of a 14% CP diet would alter the response of pigs to stress as measured by hypothalamic neurotransmitter concentrations and incidence of PSE. Twenty-four (Exp. 1) and 36 (Exp. 2) 92-kg pigs were offered one of three diets: control, TRP-, or TYR-supplemented for 5 d before slaughter. Dietary TRP or TYR supplementation in Exp. 1. doubled (P  <.05) plasma TRP and TYR concentrations, respectively, and increased (P < .05) 5-hydroxytryptamine, dihydroxyphenyl ethylamine, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and homovanillic acid concentrations in the hypothalamus. Pigs that exhibited stress at slaughter had lower (P < .05) hypothalamic concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. In Exp. 2, pigs were trucked 55 km to a commercial meat packing facility and slaughtered without a rest period. This handling procedure was designed to invoke a high incidence of PSE pork and thus be a strong test of treatments. Supplemental dietary amino acids seemed to alter the frequency distribution of the severity of PSE pork. These data indicate that dietary manipulation of amino acid precursors of neurotransmitters may offer a practical means of reducing stress response in swine.   154                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The impact of handling and environmental factors on the stress response and its consequences in swine. Barnett, J.L.; Hemsworth, P.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1986 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 36 (4): p. 366-369; 1986 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Handling; Environmental factors; Stress response; Pig housing   155                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Import/export health requirements of animals. Bruch, D.E. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1985 Mar18. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (11th): p. 55-56; 1985 Mar18.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Domestic animals; Livestock; Imports; Exports; Transport of animals; Animal health; Requirements; Certification; Quarantine   156                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Importance of live sheep exports. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 132-133; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Exports; Feedlots; Loading; Markets; Sea transport; Animal health; Animal welfare   157                                NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.A2U52 Improving China's livestock industry. Tuan, F.C. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1986 Mar. Farmline - United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service v. 7 (3): p. 12-14; 1986 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: China; Improvement; Livestock; Industry; Breeding; Feeds; Transport; Processing   158                                     NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 An industry view of engineering research needs for livestock. Blackshaw, J.K. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1990. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 19 (1): p. 14-15; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Handling; Agricultural engineering; Research; Sheep; Shearing; Pig housing; Transport; Ultrasonic devices   159                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Influence of breed and early management on ease of handling and open-field behaviour of cattle. Boivin, X.; Le Neindre, P.; Chupin, J.M.; Garel, J.P.; Trillat, G. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (4): p. 313-323; 1992 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Animal behavior; Temperament; Cattle breeds; Breed differences; Cattle husbandry; Handling   160                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The influence of pre-slaughter transport and lairage on meat quality in pigs of two genotypes. Warriss, P.D.; Brown, S.N.; Bevis, E.A.; Kestin, S.C. S.l. : Durrant; 1990 Feb. Animal production v. 50 (pt.1): p. 165-172; 1990 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Genotypes; Meat lines; Large white; Landrace; Transport of animals; Meat quality; Stress; Slaughter   161                                    NAL Call. No.: S16.F5J68 Influence of selection phase, fasting and transport on porcine stress and on the development of PSE pork. Honkavaara, M. Helsinki : The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland; 1989. Journal of agricultural science in Finland : Maataloustieteellinen aikakauskirja v. 61 (5): p. 415-423; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Finland; Pigs; Fasting; Stress; Transport; Meat quality; Exudative meat; Pork; Creatine kinase   162                                   NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P Intestinal absorption of glucose and amino acids in chickens administered monensin. Riley, W.W. Jr; Esteve-Garcia, E.; Austic, R.E. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1986 Dec. Poultry science v. 65 (12): p. 2292-2298; 1986 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Monensin; Glucose; Amino acids; Intestinal absorption; Nutrient transport; Drug effects   163                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Investigation of the effects of transport and lairage on hydration state and resting behaviour of calves for export. Atkinson, P.J. London : The Association; 1992 May09. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association  v. 130 (19): p. 413-416; 1992 May09.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Transport of animals; Road transport; Dehydration (physiological); Rest; Sleep   164                                    NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 Investigations into the effect of two sedatives on the stress response in cattle. Brearley, J.C.; Dobson, H.; Jones, R.S. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Dec. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 13 (4):  p. 367-377; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cows; Antagonists; Xylazine; Stress; Intramuscular injection; Transport of animals; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Blood sugar; Gases   165                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Involvement of trauma in the pathogenesis of osteochondritis dissecans in swine. Nakano, T.; Aherne, F.X. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jan. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (1): p. 154-155; 1988 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Trauma; Pathogenesis; Osteochondritis; Transport; Disease prevention   166                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AV5 Late clinical expression of lameness related to associated osteomyelitis and tibial dyschondroplasia in male breeding turkeys. Wyers, M.; Cherel, Y.; Plassiart, G. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1991 Apr. Avian diseases v. 35 (2): p. 408-414; 1991 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Male animals; Stress; Transport of animals; Lameness; Osteomyelitis; Tibia; Dyschondroplasia  Abstract:  A sudden outbreak of lameness related to transport stress is described in a flock of male breeding turkeys. Most of the affected turkeys exhibited obvious unilateral leg disorders. All were affected with tibial or metatarsal dyschondroplasia with at least one lesion associated with a large focus of necrosis. By histological examinations, bone lesions showed the typical feature of osteomyelitis. The inflammatory bone lesions appeared at only single isolated sites and were always associated with obvious sequestra of dyschondroplastic retained cartilage. Osteomyelitis seems to be an unexpected acute complication of previous dyschondroplasia in relation with different breeding stress situations. The resulting pain of the associated lesions could be the main cause of clinical expression of lameness. The pathogenesis of the phenomenon remains uncertain.   167                            NAL Call. No.: FICHE 290.9 AM32P Livestock export by ship from Australia. Grandin, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1984. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (84-6533): 34 p. ill; 1984.  Paper presented at the 1984 Winter Meeting of  the Amemican Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept.,  2950 Niles Road,.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Exports; Transport of animals; Boats and ships   168                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Livestock handling and transport video. Hoke, K.E.; Grandin, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988. Journal of animal science v. 66 (suppl.1): p. 516; 1988.  Paper presented  at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, held  July 19-22, 1988, New Brunswick, New Jersey.  Includes abstract.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Transport of animals; Videotapes   169                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1306 Livestock in transit handle with care..  Handle with care Humane Slaughter  Association, Countrywise Communication (Firm), Royal Society for the  Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Potters Bar, Herts, England : Humane Slaughter Association,; 1989. 1 videocassette (ca. 27 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  On container: Made in association with Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock  Abstract:  Discusses the safe loading, transporting and unloading of livestock.   170                                     NAL Call. No.: 100 M668 A loading issue: Scientists study how to move pigs gently. Obst, J. St. Paul, Minn. : The Station; 1986. Minnesota science - Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 41 (3): p. 3. ill; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Yorkshire; Pietrain; Minnesota no. 1; Breed differences   171                                    NAL Call. No.: SF887.I57 The logistics and economics of meeting health certification requirements for embryos for international movement. Hasler, J.F. Champaign, Ill.? : The Society?; 1988. International embryo movement : proceedings of a symposium, Montreal, 1987 / edited by W.C.D. Hare and Sarah M. Seidel. p. 177-184; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos (animal); Animal health; Certification; Requirements; Exports; Imports; International transport   172                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Long distance transport of lambs and the time needed for subsequent recovery. Knowles, T.G.; Warriss, P.D.; Brown, S.N.; Kestin, S.C.; Rhind, S.M.;  Edwards, J.E.; Anil, M.H.; Dolan, S.K. London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Sep18. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association  v. 133 (12): p. 286-293; 1993 Sep18.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Road transport; Stress   173                                     NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Longer journeys to processing plants are associated with higher mortality in broiler chickens. Warriss, P.D.; Bevis, E.A.; Brown, S.N.; Edwards, J.E. Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1992 Mar. British poultry science v. 33 (1): p. 201-206; 1992 Mar. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Transport of animals; Mortality; Duration   174                            NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Losses and diseases induced by transport. Shaw, F.D. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 145-154;  1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Losses; Mortality; Transport; Tetany; Liveweight; Carcass weight; Bruising; Stress; Beef quality   175                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 M cells in the rectum of calves. Liebler, E.M.; Paar, M.; Pohlenz, J.F. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 107-114; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Rectum; Cells; Lymph nodes; Morphology; Epithelium; Newborn animals  Abstract:  The morphology of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the ultrastructure of overlying lymphoepithelium of newborn and three-week-old conventionally raised calves were compared. In all calves patches of lymphoid nodules were found in the terminal rectum. In newborn calves lymphoid nodules in the submucosa with caps of lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria predominated. In three-week-old calves lymphoglandular complexes were as numerous as lymphoid nodules with caps. Scanning and transmission electron microscopical examination of superficial lymphoepithelium over caps and lymphoepithelium in epithelial diverticula of lymphoglandular complexes revealed groups or single cells morphologically resembling M cells, but with widely varying apical processes. To investigate whether these putative M cells in rectal lymphoepithelium internalise and transport macromolecules across the epithelial barrier, ferritin was injected into the rectum of three-week-old calves. Eighty to 150 minutes after exposure ferritin was detected in cells resembling M cells. Thus these cells ought to be considered as M cells. It may be hypothesised that gut-associated lymphoid tissue with specialised lymphoepithelium in the rectum of calves provides a route for the uptake of antigen.   176                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 Management prevents handling abuses. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1987 Sep. Georgia cattleman v. 15 (9): p. 50, 54; 1987 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Animal welfare   177                                NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N272EX Managing comingled feeder pigs. Brumm, M.C.; Jesse, G.W.; Mayes, H.F.; Zinn, G.M. Lincoln, Neb. : The Service; 1985. EC - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Nebraska (85-219): p. 18-19; 1985.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pig feeding; Pigs; Transport; Diets   178                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Manure transport and thermal properties of a flushing slat floor for swine. Newton, G.L.; Booram, C.V. Jr; Stansell, J.R.; Hale, O.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 May. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers  v. 28 (3): p. 860-864; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pig housing; Slatted floors; Pig slurry; Flushing; Thermal properties   179                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Marine transport experiences in Australia. Biddle, R.R. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1986 Apr28. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (12th): p. 69-70; 1986 Apr28.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Sea transport; Transport of animals; Animal welfare   180                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Market stress-associated changes in serum complement activity in feeder calves. Purdy, C.W.; Richards, A.B.; Foster, G.S. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (11): p. 1842-1847; 1991 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Southeastern states of U.S.A.; Calves; Stress; Complement; Blood serum; Normal values; Morbidity; Respiratory diseases; Sex differences; Vaccination  Abstract:  Classical hemolytic complement (C) of calves was analyzed during a protocol designed to imitate the usual market handling of feeder calves from the southeastern United States. Serum C concentrations of the calves (n = 100 X 4 years) were evaluated on their farm of origin, on arrival at an auction market, on arrival at a feedyard, and during their first 4 weeks in the feedyard. Complement concentrations (measured in CH50 units) were typically lowest at the farm of origin and highest when the calves entered the auction market 28 to 133 days later. Serum C concentrations decreased after the calves encountered the severe stresses of being in the auction market for 7 days, 24- hour truck transport (1,932 km) to the feedyard, and the first 7 days in the feedyard. The C concentrations recovered after 21 to 28 days in the feedyard. Steers had significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower C concentrations than did heifers in 3 of 4 years at the farm of origin, and in 2 of 4 years at the auction market. Morbid calves had significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower C values than did healthy calves on day 7 in the feedyard in 3 of 4 years. There were significant differences in C concentrations of calves from different farms of origin in each of the 4 years. There was no significant difference in C concentrations of calves that were vaccinated vs those not vaccinated with Pasteurella haemolytica.   181                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Mechanized harvesting and transport of broilers. Koning, K. de; Gerrits, A.R.; Migchels, A. London : Academic Press; 1987 Oct. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 38 (2): p. 105-111. ill; 1987 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Netherlands; Broilers; Mechanical harvesting; Loading; Transport; Damage; Labor costs   182                                    NAL Call. No.: 100 K133P Medication programs for newly received calves. Axe, D.; Riley, J.; Spire, M. Manhattan, Kan. : The Station; 1984 Mar. Report of progress - Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State  College of Agriculture and Applied Science (448): p. 124-126; 1984 Mar.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Kansas; Steers; Fattening; Medical treatment; Programs; Costs; Marketing; Transport; Stress   183                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Minimising sheep deaths aboard ship. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 144-145; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Sea transport; Simulation; Feeding; Feedlots; Mortality; Survival; Therapy   184                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Minimum spatial requirements for individual farm animals during transportation. Fraser, A.F. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1986 Apr28. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (12th): p. 61-62; 1986 Apr28.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Space requirements; Length; Width; Height; Animal welfare   185                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AD9 Model systems to study immunomodulation in domestic food animals. Roth, J.A.; Flaming, K.P. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1990. Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 35: p. 21-41;  1990. In the series analytic: Immunomodulation in domestic food animals /  edited by F. Blecha and B. Charley. Literature review. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Immunotherapy; Immunostimulants; Immunosuppressive agents; Models; Stress; Weaning; Glucocorticoids; Infectious diseases; Mastitis; Transport of animals; Respiratory diseases; Literature reviews   186                                      NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Modification of fear in domestic chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, via regular handling and early environmental enrichment. Jones, R.B.; Waddington, D. London : Academic Press; 1992 Jun. Animal behaviour v. 43 (pt.6): p. 1021-1033; 1992 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chicks; Fearfulness; Behavior modification; Handling; Environment; Enrichment; Animal welfare  Abstract:  Although its adaptive properties are recognized, fear can harm the welfare and performance of intensively housed poultry. Its alleviation in individually caged domestic chicks via the independent or integrated application of regular handling and environmental enrichment regimes was investigated. The test situations incorporated varying degrees of exposure to novel, inanimate stimuli and of human involvement. Enrichment reduced freezing and avoidance of a novel object introduced into the home cage, accelerated emergence from a sheltered area into an exposed unfamiliar one and increased vocalization, ambulation and pecking in an open field or novel environment. It also reduced the chicks' avoidance of a nearby, visible experimenter and attenuated their tonic immobility reaction to manual restraint. Such wide- ranging effects suggest that environmental enrichment may have modified general, non-specific fearfulness. Regular handling also attenuated the chicks' tonic immobility responses and their avoidance of the experimenter but it exerted few other detectable effects and there was no demonstrable effect of handling in the presence of enrichment. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that repeated gentle handling may exert its strongest influence by facilitating habituation to human beings rather than by, reducing underlying fearfulness. The implications of reduced fearfulness and other potential benefits of handling and enrichment procedures are discussed.   187                               NAL Call. No.: RB125.C68 1985 Moral, social and scientific aspects of the use of swine in research. Rollin, B.E. New York : Plenum Press; 1986. Swine in biomedical research / edited by M.E. Tumbleson. p. 29-37; 1986. Proceedings of a conference on Swine in Biomedical Research, June 17-20,  1985, Columbia, Missouri.  Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Animal research; Handling; Animal welfare; Standards; Moral values; Ethics   188                              NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 Movement of casualty animals. Thornton, D.A.K. London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary,  Gill McConville. p. 35-41; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Livestock; Transport of animals; Abattoirs; Slaughter; Legislation; Regulations; Inspection; Animal welfare   189                                  NAL Call. No.: aSF601.A1U5 National poultry improvement plan. 1989 Directory of participants handling waterfowl, exhibition poultry, and game birds. Washington, D. C. : The Service; 1989 May. APHIS 91 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (91-42): 86 p.; 1989 May.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Waterfowl; Poultry; Game birds; Improvement   190                                      NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 Naxcel for stressed stocker cattle. Johnson, B.D.; Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1990 Jun. Annual report - Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (129):  p. 217-220; 1990 Jun.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Stress response; Respiratory diseases; Cephalosporins; Treatment; Liveweight gain; Mortality; Morbidity; Disease control   191                                  NAL Call. No.: HV4804.A3A4 New Zealand condemns sheep to suffering & painful death. Long, C. Petersfield [Hampshire] : Compassion in World Farming; 1985 Nov. Agscence : news & comments on agriculture and the environment (81): p. 2-3. ill; 1985 Nov.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Pain; Death; Stress; Transport of animals; Animal welfare   192                                    NAL Call. No.: HV4761.A5 New Zealand lifts long-standing ban on death ships. Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1986. The Animal Welfare Institute quarterly v. 35 (2): p. 4. ill; 1986.  Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Boats and ships; Livestock transporters; Animal welfare   193                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A note on the effect of castration on the ease of movement and handling of young cattle in yards. Hinch, G.N.; Lynch, J.J. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1987 Oct. Animal production v. 45 (pt.2): p. 317-320; 1987 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Castration; Animal husbandry; Handling; Transport of animals; Animal behavior   194                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A note on the effect of marketing route on weight loss in lambs sent for slaughter. Evans, D.G.; Sains, A.G.; Corlett, I.K.; Kilkenny, J.B. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1987 Aug. Animal production v. 45 (pt.1): p. 145-148; 1987 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Lambs; Weight losses; Transport of animals; Slaughter weight; Carcass weight   195                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A note on the effect of stocking density and temperature on meat quality in pigs. Guise, H.J.; Warriss, P.D. S.l. : Durrant; 1989 Apr. Animal production v. 48 (2): p. 480-482; 1989 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Stocking density; Transport of animals; Slaughter; Air temperature; Meat quality; Pigmeat; Ph   196                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Operations: from an airline viewpoint. Joyce, J. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association, April 22-25,  1990, 16th International Conference. p. 32-38; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Transport of animals; Livestock; Air transport; Aircraft    197                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Optimum temperature of ovary transporation for in vitro fertilisation of bovine oocytes. Sekine, J.; Sakurada, T.; Oura, R. London : The Association; 1992 Oct17. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association  v. 131 (16): p. 372; 1992 Oct17.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Bovidae; Ovaries; Oocytes; Temperature; Transport; In vitro; Fertilization   198                                    NAL Call. No.: HV4735.O8 Our farmers care. Archbold, Louise; Weisensel, Russel R. Wisconsin Agri-Business Council Madison, Wis. : Wisconsin Agri-Business Foundation,; 1989. 30 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; United States; Farmers; United States; Farmers; Wisconsin; Livestock; Wisconsin; Handling   199                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Performance of Australian wethers in Arabian Gulf feedlots after transport by sea. Scharp, D.W. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1992 Feb. Australian veterinary journal v. 69 (2): p. 42-43; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Saudi arabia; Wethers; Transport of animals; sea transport; Feedlots; Performance; Mortality   200                                     NAL Call. No.: 47.8 W89 Physiological aspects of broiler transportation. Kettlewell, P.J. London : Butterworth; 1989 Nov. World's poultry science journal v. 45 (3): p. 219-227; 1989 Nov.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Transport of animals; Heat regulation; Thermoregulation; Heat stress   201                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Port authority point of view. O'Donnell, J.B. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association, April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 42-43; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Delaware; Transport of animals; Livestock; Water transport   202                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Port of export for sea/air user/provider perspectives. Robinson, G.M. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association,  April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 45-48; 1990  Language:  English  Descriptors: Transport of animals; Livestock; Air transport; Water transport   203                                    NAL Call. No.: HV4701.M3 Poultry: once a symbol of life, now a life of misery. Simpson, M. Sacramento, Calif. : The Institute; 1990. Mainstream - Animal Protection Institute of America v. 21 (1):  p. 20-23. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Poultry; Animal welfare; Battery cages; Euthanasia; Hatcheries; Overfeeding; Slaughter; Transport   204                                NAL Call. No.: SF61.P73 1991 Practical animal handling. Anderson, R. S._1931-; Edney, A. T. B. Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press,; 1991. xii, 198 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock   205                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.204 Practical methodology from the University of California, Davis ; produced by the Department of Instructional Media for the School of Veterinary Medicine.. Humane handling and laboratory techniques for the rabbit Humane handling  and laboratory techniques for the guinea pig Humane handling and laboratory techniques for the mouse Endotracheal intubation of the rat and hamster Endotracheal intubation of the guinea pig Endotracheal intubation of the rabbit Brooks, Dale L.; Timm, Karen; John, Sharon University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Instructional Media Davis, Calif. : The School,; 1987-9999. videocassettes (U-matic) ( min.) : sd., col. ; 3/4 in.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Handling; Guinea pigs as laboratory animals; Rabbits as laboratory animals; Mice as laboratory animals; Animal welfare   206                                 NAL Call. No.: Slide no.282 Practical methodology humane handling and laboratory techniques for the guinea pig..  Humane handling and laboratory techniques for the guinea pig The guinea pig Timm, Karen I.; Rubin, Carol; Porte, William G. University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine Davis : School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis,; 1987. 65 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (15 min. : 1 7/8 ips) + 1 guide (8 p. ;  28 cm.). Label on cassette: Practical methodology: the guinea pig. Set no. 863.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Guinea pigs as laboratory animals; Laboratory animals; Handling; Animal immobilization; Animal welfare   207                                    NAL Call. No.: SF371.N49 Practical selection and handling and wool (Sheep, shearing, New Zealand). Sullivan, J. Palmerston North : The Society; 1984. Proceedings of this Society's seminar - New Zealand Veterinary Association, Sheep & Beef Cattle Society (14th): p. 92-94; 1984.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand   208                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Pre slaughter handling of cattle: The availability of water during the  lairage period. Wythes, J.R.; Johnston, G.N.; Beaman, N.; O'Rourke, P.K. North Melbourne, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1985 May. Australian veterinary journal v. 62 (5): p. 163-165; 1985 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Handling; Carcass weight; Yards; Abattoirs; Water intake; Water availability   209                                  NAL Call. No.: 275.29 G29B Preconditioning and receiving calves (Programs to reduce or to overcome  shipping stress, costs and returns, Georgia). Stewart, R.L.; Crider, M.C.; Bedell, D.M. Athens, Ga. : The Service; Apr 1984. Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture (896): 15 p.; Apr 1984.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Georgia   210                                     NAL Call. No.: SF207.O4 Preconditioning, buying and handling newly arrived cattle. Grandin, T. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1984. Beef cattle handb GPE - Great Plains States, Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service (3052): 4 p. ill; 1984.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Conditioning; Purchasing; Disease prevention   211                                      NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Predisposing causes of sheep deaths aboard ship. Norris, R.; Richards, B.; Higgs, T. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1990. Journal of agriculture v. 31 (4): p. 139-143. ill; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Age; Animal nutrition; Exports; Mortality; Obesity; Relative humidity; Seasonality; Sea transport; Starvation; Temperature; Therapy   212                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Pre-embarkation risk factors for sheep deaths during export by sea from Western Australia. Norris, R.T.; Richards, R.B.; Dunlop, R.H. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1989 Oct. Australian veterinary journal v. 66 (10): p. 309-314; 1989 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Sheep; Death; Mortality; Sea transport; Exports; Risks; Pelleted feeds; Feedlots   213                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Preparation and handling of sheep before and during ship transportation. Grandin, T. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1984 Apr24. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (10th): p. 116-126. ill; 1984 Apr24.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Middle east; Sheep; Sheep management; Transport of animals; Sea transport; Animal welfare; Sheep feeding; Feedlots; Stress; Ventilation   214                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Pre-slaughter handling and transport of broiler chickens. Nicol, C.J.; Scott, G.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 57-73; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Slaughter; Handling; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Stress; Fearfulness; Mortality; Trauma; Weight losses; Carcasses; Avoidance conditioning   215                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 N812 Prevention and treatment of shipping fever complex in cattle. Goleta, Calif. : American Veterinary Publications; 1987 May. Modern veterinary practice v. 68 (5): p. 320-322; 1987 May.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pasteurella; Disease prevention; Treatment; Antibiotics; Vaccination   216                              NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986.. Welfare of animals in transit Gibson, T. E. Animal Welfare Foundation. Symposium 1986 : London, England?) London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. 115 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Symposia series (American Welfare Foundation) ; 1.). Includes bibliographies.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animals, Treatment of; Congresses; Livestock; Transportation; Congresses; Animals; Transportation; Congresses   217                                     NAL Call. No.: 47.8 W89 Processing and utilization of spent hens. Kondaiah, N.; Panda, B. London : Butterworth; 1992 Nov. World's poultry science journal v. 48 (3): p. 255-268; 1992 Nov. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Meat quality; Transport of animals; Meat yield; Chicken meat; Hot boning; Mechanically deboned meat; Preformed meats; Sausages;  Chicken fat; Literature reviews   218                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Quarantine facilities. Hasenauer, F. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1984 Apr24. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (10th): p. 103; 1984 Apr24.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Quarantine; International trade; Air transport; Transport of animals   219                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Rabbit transport and its effects on meat quality. Jolley, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 119-134; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Rabbits; Transport of animals; Transit time; Rabbit meat; Meat quality; Stress; Liveweight; Food deprivation; Glycogen; Ph; Liver; Dark cutting meat; Blood sugar   220                                    NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Reasons for ill-health and mortality during live sheep exports. Richards, R.B.; Norris, R.T.; McQuade, N.C. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 42-43; 1986.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Exports; Mortality; Sheep diseases; Illness; Stress; Feedlots; Injuries; Transport of animals   221                              NAL Call. No.: TS1960.G73 1991 Recommended animal handling guidelines for meat packers. Grandin, Temple Washington, DC : American Meat Institute, [1991?]; 1991. 21 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock; Animal welfare   222                            NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1771/E Recommended code of practice for care and handling of pigs. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies Ottawa : Agriculture Canada : [available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada,; 1984. 37 p. ; 23 cm.. (Publication / Canada. Agriculture Canada ; 1771/E).  Also issued in French with title: Code de pratiques recommandees pour l'entretien et la manutention des porcs.  Coordinated by the Canadian Federation of Humane Societies.  "The purpose of this code is to ensure  the welfare of swine, based on the good will of all concerned and without  mandatory controls."--Foreword.  Language:  English; English  Descriptors: Swine; Handling; Swine; Transportation   223                            NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1853/E Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of dairy cattle. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada, Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ont. : Available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada,; 1990. 41 p. ; 23 cm. (Agriculture Canada publication ; 1853/E).  Produced by Research Program Service.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Dairy cattle   224                            NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1870/E Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals beef cattle..  Beef cattle Hurnik, J. F. Ottawa, Ont. : Available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada,; 1991. 46 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Publication (Canada. Agriculture Canada) ; 1870.).  Language:  English  Descriptors: Beef cattle; Beef cattle   225                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69 Reduce stress of handling to improve productivity of livestock (Physiologic reactions). Grandin, T. Edwardsville, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; June 1984. VM/SAC, veterinary medicine & small animal clinician v. 79 (6):  p. 827-831. ill; June 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   226                              NAL Call. No.: SF756.7.I5 1984 Reducing equine hauling stress. Cregier, S.E. Darmstadt : Kuratorium fur Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft,  [1984?]; 1984. Proceedings of the International Congress on Applied Ethology in Farm Animals, Kiel, 1984 / edited by J. Unshelm, G. van Putten and K. Zeeb ; sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry.  p. 175-178. ill; 1984. Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Horses; Transport of animals; Livestock transporters; Loading; Stress; Animal welfare   227                                     NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H Reducing handling stress aids immune function in calves. Brunner, C.J. Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1989. Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural Experiment  Station v. 36 (2): p. 10; 1989.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Holstein-friesian; Steers; Cattle husbandry; Stress management; Stress response; Adrenal cortex hormones; Immune response; Transport of animals   228                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Relationship between an increase in plasma cortisol during transport-induced stress and failure of oestradiol to induce a luteinising hormone surge in dairy cows. Nanda, A.S.; Dobson, H.; Ward, W.R. London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 49 (1): p. 25-28; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cortisol; Blood plasma; Stress; Transport of animals; Estradiol; Lh; Postpartum interval; Estrous cycle   229                                  NAL Call. No.: QP82.2.T4J6 Relationships between transport conditions and the occurrence of cough in growing pigs. Geers, R.; Goedseels, V.; Laet, B. de; Verstegen, M.W.A. Oxford, Eng. : Pergamon Press; 1986 Aug. Journal of thermal biology v. 11 (2): p. 137-138; 1986 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Respiratory disorders; Pig housing; Environmental temperature; Disease resistance; Growth   230                                     NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 A report on the effect of fasting and transportation on liveweight losses, carcass weight losses and heat production measures of slaughter hogs. Mayes, H.F.; Hahn, G.L.; Becker, B.A.; Anderson, M.E.; Nienaber, J.A.;  Hedrick, H.B.; Jesse, G.W. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Sep. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 4 (3): p. 254-258; 1988 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Fasting; Transport of animals; Weight losses; Liveweight; Carcass weight; Heat production   231                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Research on improving railway car shipments of livestock. Bailey, W.A. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1984 Apr24. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (10th): p. 127-132. ill; 1984 Apr24.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Rail transport; Railways; Inland transport; Animal health; Weight losses   232                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Responses of cattle to different space allowances, pen sizes and road conditions during transport. Eldridge, G.A.; Winfield, C.G.; Cahill, D.J. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (2):  p. 155-159; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Victoria; Cattle; Transport of animals; Stress response; Space requirements; Pens; Size; Roads; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Heart rate; Surveys; Injuries; Weight losses   233                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Results of a survey of emergency evacuation of dairy cattle. Linnabary, R.D.; New, J.C. Jr Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (8):  p. 1238-1242; 1993 Apr15.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Washington; Dairy cattle; Emergencies; Floods; Flooding; Surveys; Farmers' attitudes; Transport of animals; Animal husbandry   234                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 A review of broiler chicken catching and transport systems. Kettlewell, P.J.; Turner, M.J.B. London : Academic Press; 1985 Feb. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 31 (2): p. 93-114. ill; 1985 Feb.  Includes 56 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Chickens; Transport; Broiler rearing; Environmental factors   235                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 W89 A review of Nigerian livestock production with a particular reference to the meat processing and utilization common among the Yorubas  of South-western states. Ockerman, H.W.; Agboola, H.A. Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1991 Apr. World review of animal production v. 26 (2): p. 69-79; 1991 Apr. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Nigeria; Livestock numbers; Cattle breeds; Transport of animals; Meat and livestock industry; Meat production; Meat products; Goats; Sheep; Poultry   236                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Routine sheep and goat procedures. Williams, C.S.F. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1990 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice  v. 6 (3): p. 737-758; 1990 Nov.  In the series analytic: Advances in sheep  and goat medicine / edited by M. C. Smith.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Handling; Restraint; Blood sampling; Identification; Feet; Docking; Castration; Drug therapy; Dehorning; Surgical operations; Skin glands; Wattles; Newborn animals   237                            NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Sale by description and marketing alternatives. Wilcock, K.R. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 155-159;  1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Sheep; Lambs; Marketing; Sales; Handling; Transport   238                                   NAL Call. No.: 280.38 F62 Schlachtung von Bullen unmittelbar nach dem Transport [Slaughtering bulls immediately after transport.]. Wajda, S.; Wichlacz, H. Frankfurt am Main, W. Ger. : Sponholz; Mar 1984. Fleischwirtschaft v. 64 (3): p. 343-345; Mar 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  German; English   239                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Season, age and adiposity influence death rates in sheep exported by sea. Higgs, A.R.B.; Norris, R.T.; Richards, R.B. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (2): p. 205-214; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Middle east; Sheep; Age; Exports; Mortality; Obesity; Pathogenesis; Risk; Seasonal variation; Ships; Transport of animals   240                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Seasonal metabolic factors may be responsible for deaths in sheep exported by sea. Richards, R.B.; Hyder, M.W.; Fry, J.; Costa, N.D.; Norris, R.T.; Higgs, A.R.B. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (2): p. 215-226; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Western australia; Middle east; Sheep; Anorexia; Australian merino; Exports; Metabolic disorders; Mortality; Seasonal variation; Ships; Transport of animals   241                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Serotype-specific resistance to nasal colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica in cattle. Frank, G.H. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1985 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 46 (11): p. 2245-2248; 1985 Nov. Includes 30 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Pasteurella haemolytica; Respiratory diseases; Nose; Serotypes; Antigens; Vaccination; Transport; Disease resistance   242                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Serum chemical profile of feeder pigs, as influenced by market stress and feeding regimen. Clemens, E.T.; Schultz, B.D.; Brumm, M.C.; Jesse, G.W.; Mayes, H.F. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (7): p. 1114-1117; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Crossbreds; Water deprivation; Deprivation; Diet studies; Serology; Biochemistry; Enzyme activity; Metabolites; Stress; Transport; Weight  Abstract:  Two hundred eighty-eight crossbred feeder pigs were used in 2 trials to determine the effects of feed and/or water deprivation at an auction market, and the effects of restricting the intake of the receiving diet on their serum chemical profile. The study also was designed to assess the value of the serum chemical profile as a diagnostic data base for stress disorders in feeder pigs. Performance data indicated that feeder pigs provided water only at the auction facilities lost significantly more weight than did those provided feed and water. Feeder pigs deprived of both feed and water were not significantly different in body weight from either group. Several serum chemical values (creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate dehydrogenase) were significantly influenced by feed deprivation, but not by feed and water deprivation. However, only the serum creatinine values were significantly different after the 24-hour post-transport period. There were no significant differences in pig weight or serum chemical values 84 days after pigs had arrived at the finishing unit. The serum chemical profile, widely used in human medicine, appears not to provide a reliable marker for identification of short-term nutritional deprivation, nor for transport stress in feeder pigs.   243                                    NAL Call. No.: SF379.M37 The shedhand's manual. Martel, Rosalind Queensland? : R. Martel?, c1989 (Moorooka, Qld. : Merino Lithographics);  1989. vi, 93 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Woolclassing today ; book 1).  Includes a shedhand's logbook/reference.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep-shearing; Australia; Wool; Australia; Handling; Study and teaching; Wool baling; Study and teaching; Shearing sheds; Australia; Sheep shearers (Persons); Australia   244                            NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Sheep and cattle handling facilities. Hutson, G.D. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 124-136. ill; 1985.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Cattle; Handling; Facilities; Design; Dipping; Shearing sheds; Animal welfare   245                                    NAL Call. No.: SF371.S43 Sheep handling and facilities. Grandin, T. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press; 1984. Sheep and goat handbook v. 4: p. 399-412. ill; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   246                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 Ship agent/broker viewpoint. Carroll, D.W. Jr Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association,  April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 39-42; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Transport of animals; Livestock; Ships; Water transport   247                                 NAL Call. No.: A281.9 F76FO Shipping cattle overseas: tips to make it easier. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1988 May. Foreign agriculture - United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service v. 26 (5): p. 18-19. ill; 1988 May.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Sea transport; Crating; Stress; Drugs; Animal welfare; Exports   248                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Shipping suppresses lymphocyte blastogenic responses in Angus and Brahman x Angus feeder calves. Blecha, F.; Boyles. S.L.; Riley, J.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1984 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 59 (3): p. 576-583; 1984 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Brahman; Crossbreds; Calves; Lymphocyte transformation; Transport of animals; Immunity reactions   249                                 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AL13P Shrink. Krieg, K. Fairbanks, Alaska : The Service; 1988 May. Publication - University of Alaska, Cooperative Extension Service (A-00744):  2 p. ill; 1988 May.  In subseries: Alaska Livestock.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Weight losses; Transport of animals; Stress   250                                    NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Simulated ship transport--the effect of presenting the ration as pellets on the incidence of failure to eat. Hodge, R.W.; Butler, K.L.; Kelly, A.P.; Beers, P.T. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1990. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 18: p. 491; 1990.  Meeting held on July 8-12, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Water transport; Pelleted feeds; Starvation   251                                  NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5 Slaughter hog pooling. Ward, C.E.; Peel, D.S. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb. OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University (526): 6 p.; 1992 Feb.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Oklahoma; Pigs; Abattoirs; Transport; Pig farming; Cooperative marketing   252                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1989 Some behavioral factors that contribute to livestock stress during transportation. Friend, T.H. Lemoore, Calif. : Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., [1989?]; 1989. 15th International Conference, the Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., April 9-12, 1989, San Antonio, Texas : proceedings. p. 41-42; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Animal behavior; Stress; Transport of animals; Animal welfare   253                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Some preslaughter factors affecting the occurrence of bruising in sheep. Cockram, M.S.; Lee, R.A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 147 (2): p. 120-125; 1991 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Slaughter; Carcasses; Bruises; Animal behavior; Carcass quality  Abstract:  The preslaughter handling and behaviour, and subsequent bruising was observed in 49 groups of sheep in a commercial slaughterhouse. A greater percentage of bruised carcases was found in lambs (71%) than in ewes (49%) (P< 0.01). A greater percentage of severely bruised carcases was found in lambs from markets (20%) than in those direct from farms (12%) (P< 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the occurrence of recent bruising and wool- pulls during unloading, riding by another sheep, and hits and squashes against structures at the slaughterhouse. However, even assuming that each potentially traumatic event observed in the slaughterhouse caused a bruise, only about one- quarter of the bruising could have been attributed to handling problems at the slaughterhouse. Eight-eight per cent of all bruises were estimated to have been caused within about 24 h of death, indicating that most bruising probably was caused by handling problems during loading on the farm, during transit and particularly at markets.    254                                   NAL Call. No.: HD1401.A56 A spatiotemporal analysis for fed beef in the Southeastern United States. Commer, M. Jr New York, N.Y. : John Wiley; 1991 Jan. Agribusiness v. 7 (1): p. 71-89. maps; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mississippi; Alabama; Georgia; Florida; Oklahoma; Calves; Beef cattle; Meat and livestock industry; Feasibility studies; Spatial equilibrium analysis; Optimization methods; Beef production; Regionalization; Supply balance; Location theory; Cost analysis; Slaughter; Transport costs; Estimation; Regional accounting; Mathematical models   255                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Standards for loading and unloading facilities for cattle. Lapworth, J.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 203-211; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Loading; Unloading; Chutes; Structural design; Standards   256                                       NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6 Stimulation of L-tryptophan transport by di- and polysaccharides in the small intestine of chicks. Kushak, R.; Basova, N.; Beker, V.; Feldmane, A. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1984. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A: Comparative physiology v. 79 (1): p. 185-187. ill; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   257                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Stress in cattle assessed after handling, after transport and after slaughter. Mitchell, G.; Hattingh, J.; Ganhao, M. London : The Association; 1988 Aug20. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association  v. 123 (8): p. 201-205; 1988 Aug20.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Stress; Handling; Transport of animals; Slaughter; Hormones; Metabolites   258                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Stress of transportation for broilers (Chickens). Freeman, B.M.; Kettlewell, P.J.; Manning, A.C.C.; Berry, P.S. London : British Veterinary Association; Mar 24, 1984. The Veterinary record v. 114 (12): p. 286-287. ill; Mar 24, 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English   259                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The stress response in sheep during routine handling procedures. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (1/2): p. 83-90; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Stress; Animal husbandry; Hematocrit; Hydrocortisone;  Blood plasma; Animal welfare   260                                      NAL Call. No.: QP1.J62 Studies on experimental growth retardation in sheep. The effects of a small placenta in restricting transport to and growth of the fetus. Harding, J.E.; Jones, C.T.; Robinson, J.S. Oxford, Eng. : Oxford University Press; 1985 Dec. Journal of developmental physiology v. 7 (6): p. 427-442. ill; 1985 Dec.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Fetus; Growth retardation; Placenta   261                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AC83 Studies on the availability, transport and utilization of oxygen in low- and high-flow septic shock in calves. Sahay, P.N.; Kohli, R.N. Budapest : Akademiai Kiado; 1984. Acta veterinaria Hungarica v. 32 (3/4): p. 187-192; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Shock; Oxygen consumption   262                                      NAL Call. No.: 10 N81R A study of the incidence of blemishes on bacon carcasses in relation to carcass classification, sex and lairage conditions. Moss, B.W.; Trimble, D. Belfast : Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland; 1988. Record of agricultural research v. 36: p. 101-107. ill; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Northern ireland; Pigs; Leanness; Sex; Skins; Injuries; Fighting; Stress; Transport of animals; Bruising; Carcass grading; Damage; Handling   263                                      NAL Call. No.: SF89.S9 Sudan's southern stock route an environmental impact assessment. El Khalifa, M. D.; Ford, Richard; Khogali, Mustafa Mohammed Jami'at al-Khartum, Ma'had al-Dirasat al-Bi'iyah, United States, Agency for International Development Khartoum ; Worcester, Mass. : The Institute, in collaboration with Program for International Development, Clark University,; 1985. xi, 265 p. : ill., maps (some folded) ; 23 cm.  Bibliography: p. 221-224.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Sudan; Cattle; Sudan; Transportation; Livestock; Sudan; Marketing; Environmental impact analysis; Sudan   264                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.I57 Suffering of millions of sheep on floating death ships from Australia and New Zealand continues; protests needed for ban on shipments. Clarks Summit, Pa. : The Society; 1986 Sep. International Society for Animal Rights report. p. 1. ill; 1986 Sep.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Australia; Sheep; Animal welfare; Stress; Pain; Transport; Boats and ships   265                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Suppression of bovine lymphocyte and macrophage functions by sera from road-transported calves. Murata, H.; Hirose, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 147 (5): p. 455-462; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Road transport; Blood serum; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Lymphocyte transformation; Cytochrome c; Suppression  Abstract:  Sera from calves which had been transported for 48 h resulted in impaired mitogen-stimulated blastogenesis of bovine lymphocytes and cytochrome c reduction activity of bovine alveolar macrophages. Sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the appearance of 33 kDa and 20 kDa proteins in most of the sera after transportation. The proteins could have been related to the serum suppression.   266                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis by sera from calves transported by road. Murata, H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 May. British veterinary journal v. 145 (3): p. 257-262; 1989 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Calves; Transport of animals; Lymphocyte transformation; Lymphocytes; Blood serum; Immunosuppression; Road transport   267                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 A survey of Australian and New Zealand livestock exports. Ashby, B.H. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1986 Apr28. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (12th): p. 60; 1986 Apr28.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Livestock; Exports; Animal health; Animal welfare; Surveys; Transport of animals   268                                   NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P Survey of turkey downgrading at slaughter: carcass defects and associations with transport, toenail trimming, and type of bird. McEwen, S.A.; Barbut, S. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1992 Jul. Poultry science v. 71 (7): p. 1107-1115; 1992 Jul.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Carcass grading; Carcass quality; Bruises; Broilers; Transport of animals; Stocking density; Defects; Animal husbandry  Abstract:  For 18 mo, tom, hen, and broiler turkeys processed in a single abattoir were observed for carcass defects resulting in downgrading. Samples of 100 turkeys per truckload were used to determine the proportion of turkeys requiring wing trim, half wing trim, and trimming for bruised drums, breast blisters, or breast buttons, leg, breast, or back scratches, and leg edema. Bird type (hen, tom, or broiler), truck, time on truck, farm of origin, and trimming of toenails and spurs were also noted. Multiple least squares linear regression was used to assess the associations among truck, time on truck, space per bird on truck, toenail trimming, spur clipping, and proportions of truckloads of turkeys with carcass defects. The effect of farm and bird type were adjusted for in regression models. Overall, downgrading was observed to be a significant problem in turkey production and processing. Among toms, hens, and broilers there were substantial differences in the rates of bruised drums, breast buttons or blisters, back and leg scratches, and leg edema. Toenail trimming was associated with reduced breast and leg scratches and spur clipping was associated with reduced back scratches. Increased time birds were held on trucks was associated with increased half wing trim and bruised drums. Few associations were observed among downgrading defects, the various trucks used during the study, and space available to birds on trucks.   269                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Suspected ciliary dysfunction in Chinese Shar Pei pups with pneumonia. Dhein, C.R.; Prieur, D.J.; Riggs, M.W.; Potter, K.A.; Widders, P.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (3): p. 439-446. ill; 1990 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dogs; Pups; Pneumonia; Respiratory system; Abnormalities; Disease resistance  Abstract:  Chronic pneumonia was investigated in a litter of young Chinese Shar Pei in which 4 of 6 dogs were affected. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgG, IgM) determined by radial immunodiffusion varied over time, but were not consistently lower in affected dogs, compared with control dogs. Two dogs that died had hydrocephalus and lymphoid depletion, in addition to severe bronchopneumonia. Evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure in 2 affected dogs revealed random orientation of adjacent respiratory tract or oviductal cilia and a greater number of microtubular disarrangements, compared with control dogs. In vivo tracheal mucociliary clearance of 99mtechnetium macroaggregated albumin was absent in 1 dog examined. The ciliary abnormalities were suspected to have resulted in an inefficient mucociliary transport system predisposing to the development of pneumonia. Further evaluation of 1 Chinese Shar Pei revealed lymphocyte mitogenesis results that were not consistently less than those of a control dog, normal total hemolytic complement values, and normal blood neutrophil chemotaxis.   270                                   NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43 Sustainable swine production in the U.S. corn belt. Honeyman, M.S. Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991. American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 63-70; 1991.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Iowa; Pigs; Animal production; Sustainability; Alternative farming; Animal husbandry; Pig feeding; Feeds; Pig manure; Waste utilization; Cycling; Nutrients; Animal housing; Animal health; Animal welfare; Animal behavior; Genetic variation; Profitability; Environmental impact  Abstract:  Swine production is a major component of Corn Belt agriculture: thus development of a sustainable Corn Belt agriculture depends on sustainable swine production systems. Swine are versatile enough to adapt to sustainable concepts, and swine production raises several opportunities to enhance sustainability. These include: 1) feeding with increased use of forages and by- product feeds; 2) nutrient cycling through improved handling of manure; 3) low- capital housing systems that offer an improved environment for the operator and reduced financial risk; 4) management systems suited to the swine's behavior; and 5) preventive approaches to swine health and a broader genetic base. The challenge beyond identifying the opportunities is research and technology transfer and incorporation of sustainable concepts into ecologically based swine production systems.   271                        NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1593 Swine handling and transportation Livestock Conservation Institute ; producer, Temple Grandin ; production services, Bernetta Communications, Inc.. Livestock handling guide Livestock trucking guide Handling pigs Grandin, Temple Bernetta Communications, Livestock Conservation Institute Madison, Wis. : The Institute, [c1989?]; 1989. 1 videocassette (21 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 3 guides.  Guides are entitled: Livestock handling guide, Livestock trucking guide, and Handling pigs.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Swine  Abstract:  Describes basic principles of pig behavior including vision, flight zone, reaction to noise, and following behavior. Shows various handling and transportation practices that reduce bruises, decrease injuries, and increase efficiency.   272                                      NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 Syntabac for stressed stocker cattle. Johnson, B.D.; Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1990 Jun. Annual report - Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (129): p. 221-226; 1990 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Stress response; Intestinal microorganisms; Probiotics; Treatment; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion efficiency; Morbidity; Mortality; Disease control   273                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Teaching principles of behavior and equipment design for handling livestock. Grandin, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 1065-1070; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Animal behavior; Senses; Livestock; Handling; Stress factors; Animal housing; Design; Slaughter  Abstract:  A course is described in which students are taught principles of livestock behavior and how an understanding of behavior can facilitate handling. Some of the principles that are covered in the course are livestock senses, flight zone, herd behavior during handing, and methods to reduce stress during handling. To teach problem solving and original thinking, the students design three different types of handling facilities. Design of restraint equipment and humane slaughter procedures are also covered. Both existing systems and ideas for future systems are discussed. Students are provided with information from both scientific studies and practical experience.   274                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A technique for serial sampling of cerebrospinal fluid from conscious swine and sheep. Prelusky, D.B.; Hartin, K.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 481-485; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Sheep; Cerebrospinal fluid; Sequential sampling; Catheters  Abstract:  We devised a method for the atraumatic repeated collection of cerebrospinal fluid samples from conscious swine and sheep. Indwelling needles, with injection caps, were secured intracisternally and protected with plastic "crowns" attached to their skulls. The crowns permitted the animals freer movement with minimal risk of damage to the needles. With sheep, cerebrospinal fluid was withdrawn directly by puncturing the selfsealing injection caps attached to the hubs of the fixed needles. With the pigs, which are less amenable to handling, lengths of sterile polyethylene tubing inserted into the fixed needles enable collection without continuously disturbing the pigs. Serial samples were withdrawn from sheep (.10 to .30 ml) for up to 3 weeks with no problems, and from pigs (.05 to .15 ml) for 8 to 12 days, until the cannulae failed.   275                                     NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Thermal stress on chickens in transit. Webster, A.J.F.; Tuddenham, A.; Saville, C.A.; Scott, G.B. Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1993 May. British poultry science v. 34 (2): p. 267-277; 1993 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Chickens; Transport of animals; Stress; Air flow   276                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Thiamine deficiency in sheep exported live by sea. Thomas, K.W.; Kelly, A.P.; Beers, P.T.; Brennan, R.G. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1990 Jun. Australian veterinary journal v. 67 (6): p. 215-218; 1990 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Australia; Middle east; Sheep; Thiamine; Vitamin deficiency; Transport of animals; Sea transport; Thiaminase; Exports   277                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Time in lairage needed by pigs to recover from the stress of transport. Warriss, P.D.; Brown, S.N.; Edwards, J.E.; Anil, M.H.; Fordham, D.P. London : The Association; 1992 Aug29. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131 (9): p. 194-196; 1992 Aug29.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Stress; Recovery; Time; Blood; Lactic acid; Creatine kinase; Hydrocortisone; Endorphins   278                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Time spent by broiler chickens in transit to processing plants. Warriss, P.D.; Bevis, E.A.; Brown, S.N. London : The Association; 1990 Dec22. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (25/26): p. 617-619; 1990 Dec22.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Uk; Broilers; Transport of animals; Transit time; Distance travelled; Animal welfare   279                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Tonic immobility in spent hens after catching and transport. Mills, D.S.; Nicol, C.J. London : The Association; 1990 Mar03. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 126 (9): p. 210-212; 1990 Mar03.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Hens; Transport of animals; Stress; Tests; Immobilization   280                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AV5 Tracheal mucus transport rate and bacterial clearance in turkeys exposed by aerosol to La Sota strain of Newcastle disease virus. Ficken, M.D.; Edwards, J.F.; Lay, J.C.; Tveter, D.E. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian Pathologists; 1987 Apr. Avian diseases v. 31 (2): p. 241-248. ill; 1987 Apr.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Newcastle disease virus; Aerosols; Vaccines; Mucosa; Transport; Trachea; Lungs; Air sacs; Escherichia coli   281                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Transport and handling of livestock, January 1979-February 1990. Clingerman, K. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Apr. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-39): 25 p.; 1990 Apr. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Handling   282                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Transport and handling of livestock--January 1979-June 1991. Clingerman, K. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-143): 27 p.; 1991 Aug.  Updates QB 90-39. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock transporters; Transport of animals; Handling; Bibliographies   283                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Transport and handling of livestock--January 1981-July 1992. Berry, D.J. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-57): 40 p.; 1992 Aug.  Updates QB 91-143. Bibliography.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Bibliographies   284                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Transport and lairage times in British slaughter pigs. Warriss, P.D.; Bevis, E.A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1986 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 142 (2): p. 124-130; 1986 Mar.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Pigs; Handling; Transport; Slaughter; Preslaughter weight; Abattoirs; Rest   285                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Transport and lairage times of lambs slaughtered commercially in the south of England. Warriss, P.D.; Bevis, E.A.; Young, C.S. London : The Association; 1990 Jul07. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (1): p. 5-8; 1990 Jul07.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: England; Lambs; Transport of animals; Slaughter; Distance travelled; Time   286                                    NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82 The transport of deer. Fletcher, T.J. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988. Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v. 48: p. 181-190; 1988.  In the series analytic: The management and health of farmed deer / edited by H.W. Reid.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Deer; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Stress; Air transport; Road transport; Livestock transporters; Disease resistance   287                                       NAL Call. No.: SF1.L5 Transport of pigs by car for two days: some aspects of watering and loading density. Lamboody, E.; Garssen, G.J.; Walstra, P.; Mateman, G.; Merkus, G.S.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Oct. Livestock production science v. 13 (3): p. 289-299; 1985 Oct.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Netherlands; Pigs; Long distance transport; Road transport; Water; Loading cars; Density; Animal physiology; Weight losses   288                            NAL Call. No.: FICHE 290.9 AM32P Transport phenomena equations for describing natural ventilation in livestock buildings. Janni, K.A.; Bussmann, K.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1984. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (84-4530): 18 p.; 1984.  Paper presented at the 1984 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept.,  2950 Niles Road,.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Mathematical models; Livestock housing; Natural ventilation   289                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1989 Transportation & handling of livestock. Ashby, B.H. Lemoore, Calif. : Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., [1989?]; 1989. 15th International Conference, the Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., April 9-12, 1989, San Antonio, Texas : proceedings. p. 24-32; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Handling; Animal welfare   290                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Transportation as a stressor in swine. Becker, A. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1985 Mar18. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (11th): p. 26-28; 1985 Mar18.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Stress; Cortisol; Circadian rhythm   291                              NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The transportation of animals (including exotics) by air. Harris, T.C. London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary, Gill  McConville. p. 16-32; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Livestock; Exotics; Transport of animals; Air transport; Aircraft; Loading; Crates; Ventilation; Temperatures; Disinfection; Animal welfare   292                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Transportation of broilers with special reference to mortality rates. Bayliss, P.A.; Hinton, M.H. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 93-118; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Broilers; Mortality; Transport of animals; Handling; Transit time; Environmental temperature; Relative humidity   293                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Transportation of cattle by road. Tarrant, P.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 153-170; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Literature review.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Road transport; Stress; Animal welfare; Space requirements; Carcass quality; Dark cutting meat; Weight  losses; Mortality; Pasteurellosis   294                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1989 Transportation of pigs from China. Bailey, W.A. Lemoore, Calif. : Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., [1989?]; 1989. 15th International Conference, the Animal Air Transportation Association Inc., April 9-12, 1989, San Antonio, Texas : proceedings. p. 35-38; 1989.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: China; Pigs; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Air transport   295                                   NAL Call. No.: 47.8 AM33P Turkey downgrading: effect of truck cage location and unloading. Barbut, S.; McEwen, S.A.; Julian, R.J. Champaign, Ill. : Poultry Science Association; 1990 Aug. Poultry science v. 69 (8): p. 1410-1413; 1990 Aug.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Turkeys; Transport of animals; Cages; Wounds; Carcass grading; Carcass quality   296                                NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Turkeys., 3rd ed. Nixey, C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988. Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 233-242. ill; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Turkeys; Reproductive performance; Nutritional requirements; Environment; Handling; Disease prevention   297                                    NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Turn off from cattle properties in Cape York Peninsula: improvement possibilities. Boorman, A.J.; Hosegood, G.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 155-158; 1986.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Animal production; Cattle husbandry; Returns; Mortality; Botulism; Nutrient deficiencies; Phosphorus; Early weaning; Liveweight gains; Transport of animals; Economic analysis   298                      NAL Call. No.: 105.8 B644 1984 [no.52] Uberprufung einer Methode zur Beurteilung des Gefieders von Legehennen unter Verwendung eines nach verschiedenen Herkunften und  Behandlungen strukturierten Tiermaterials  [Examination of methods for  diagnosing plumage loss of laying hens and the use of one such method  on different origins and handling of structured animal materials]. Conson, Marieluise, Bonn : [s.n.],; 1984. iii, 128 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Universitat Bonn. Landwirtschaftliche Fakultat ; 1984, [no. 52]).  Summaries in English and French.  Includes vita.  Bibliography: 117-124.  Language:  German   299                       NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1985 [no.34] Untersuchungen uber Behandlung und Verbleib von Rindern mit Nierenerkrankungen [Studies of handling and hospitalization of cattle  with renal diseases]. Ritter, Sabine Hannover : [s.n.],; 1985. 91, [3] p. : ill. ; 21 cm.. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover ; 1985, [no. 34]).  English summary.  Bibliography:  p. 82-91.  Language:  German   300                        NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1987 [no.8] Untersuchungen uber den Transport von Natrium durch das isolierte Pansenepithel von Schafen Hinweise fur einen Na+/H+ Austausch in der luminalen Membran  [Studies about the transport of sodium across  the isolated rumen epithelium of sheep]. Strozyk, Barbara-Maria Hannover : [s.n.],; 1987. iii, 75 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover ; 1987 [no. 8]).  English summary.  Bibliography:  p. 61-72.  Language:  German   301                       NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1986 [no.16] Untersuchungen uber die Wirksamkeit von Vasopressin auf die Schlundrinnenkontraktion beim erwachsenen Rind und deren Nutzung bei der Behandlung an Durchfall erkrankter Patienten [The effectiveness of Vasopressin on esophageal groove contraction in growing cattle and its use in handling patients with diarrhea]. Mikhail, Michel Hannover : [s.n.],; 1986. 184 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover ; 1986, [no. 16]).  English and French summaries. Bibliography: p. 128-152.  Language:  German   302                                   NAL Call. No.: RA1190.T62 Uptake and vascular transport of ingested aflatoxin. Wilson, R.; Ziprin, R.; Ragsdale, S.; Busbee, D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1985 Dec. Toxicology letters v. 29 (2/3): p. 169-176; 1985 Dec.  Includes 20 references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Aflatoxins; Uptake; Vascular system   303                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 U.S. Agriculture Policy in the 1990's. Smith, J.A.R. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association,  April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 12-15; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Livestock; Transport of animals; Animal welfare   304                         NAL Call. No.: HE9788.4.A55A54 1990 USDA perspective. Winegar, G.O. Dallas, Tex.? : The Association; 1990. Conference proceedings : Animal Transportation Association, April 22-25, 1990, 16th International Conference. p. 44-45; 1990.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Transport of animals; Livestock; Water transport; Regulations   305                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Use of a multivariable indexing score for hygiene variables in relation to egg production. Mohammed, H.O.; Carpenter, T.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (6): p. 970-973; 1991 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: California; Fowls; Egg production; Hygiene; Indexes; Ventilation; Cooling systems; Poultry manure; Trucks  Abstract:  An indexing system for hygiene variables associated with egg production was developed by use of datacollected from chicken flocks in southern California. The data were analyzed by factor and regression analysis. On the basis of our findings, hygiene index in relation to egg production consists of ventilation system, cooling system, manure removal, and truck movement. Flocks kept under natural ventilation produced, on the average, 2% more hen-day eggs than flocks kept under artificial ventilation. Flocks placed in houses with roof sprinklers produced 3.3% more hen-day eggs, compared with flocks placed in houses with inside foggers and pad. Flocks kept under the system of frequent removal of manure produced 2% more hen-day eggs than flocks kept under the system for which the manure was removed less frequently. Flocks kept in farms that restricted trucks collecting dead birds from entering the premises produced 3.4% more hen-day eggs than those that allowed such trucks to enter the farm.   306                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Use of aversion-learning techniques to measure distress in sheep. Rushen, J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 3-14; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Animal welfare; Stress; Transport of animals; Learning; Avoidance conditioning   307                                     NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 The use of wind tunnel modelling to improve the transport environment in roadtrains carrying livestock on unsealed roads. Town, W.K.; Lapworth, J.W. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1990. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 19 (2): p. 11-13; 1990.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Livestock; Transport; Railways; Air flow; Wind tunnels; Models; Roads   308                                     NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Using cattle psychology to aid handling. Grandin, T. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1987. Agri-Practice v. 8 (5): p. 32-36. ill; 1987.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Cattle; Handling; Animal behavior; Perception; Stress; Guidelines   309                                   NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5 Veterinary requirements for international shipment of livestock. Christy, J.E. Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1984 Apr24. Proceedings of the ... International Conference of the Animal Air Transportation Association (10th): p. 51-54; 1984 Apr24.  Language:  English  Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Transport of animals; International transport; Animal health; Quarantine; Inspection; Regulations; International trade; Certification   310                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6439 Vplyv osetrenia jatocnych osipanych pred zabitim na kvalitu a hmotnostne straty masa  [Effect of pre-slaughter treatment of slaughter animals on meat quality and weight losses of meat]. Siksa, J.; Izak, S. Praha : Statni zemedelske nakladatelstvi; 1984. Veterinarstvi v. 34 (7): p. 314-315; 1984.  Includes references.  Language:  Slovak  Descriptors: Preslaughter weight; Meat quality; Animal welfare; Transport of animals; Pigs   311                                     NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Water application rates for a sprinkler and fan dairy cooling system in hot, humid climates. Means, S.L.; Bucklin, R.A.; Nordstedt, R.A.; Beede, D.K.; Bray, D.R.;  Wilcox, C.J.; Sanchez, W.K. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1992 May. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (3): p. 375-379; 1992 May.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dairy performance; Cooling systems; Evaporative cooling; Water use  Abstract:  Three water application rates were compared for a sprinkler and fan dairy cooling system in an open-sided feed barn in a hot, humid climate. The effects of cooling were monitored on 36 mid-lactation, Holstein dairy cows for water application rates of 313.4, 492.9, and 704.1 L/h per nozzle at 69 kPa (1.4, 2.2, and 3.1 gpm at 10 psi) per nozzle. No statistically significant differences were detected between water application rates for daily milk yield, daily 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, dry matter intake, fat yield, protein yield, percent protein, respiration rate, and rectal temperature. The percentage of milk fat was significantly affected by water application rate. These results indicate that sprinkler and fan cooling systems can provide effective heat stress relief at the lowest water application rate tested, thus, reducing the amount of water consumed and the amount of waste water that must be handled.   312                              NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The welfare during transport of broilers, old hens and replacement pullets. Swarbrick, O. London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary,  Gill McConville. p. 82-97; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: United  Kingdom; Broilers; Hens; Pullets; Animal welfare; Legislation; Transport of animals; Vehicles; Crates; Loading; Environment    313     				NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6  The welfare of calves during handling and transport.  Trunkfield, H.R.; Broom, D.M.  Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov.  Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 135-152; 1990 Nov. In the  special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry.  Literature review.  Includes references.   Language:  English   Descriptors: Calves; Animal welfare; Handling; Stress; Transport of animals    314 					NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The welfare of pigs in transit.  Bateson, A.  London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986.  The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled  The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by  T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary, Gill McConville.  p. 65-68; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.   Language:  English   Descriptors: Pigs; Transport of animals; Vehicles; Containers; Environment;  Animal welfare     315 					NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986  Welfare problems in calf transportation. Ewbank, R.  London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986.  The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary, Gill McConville. p. 51-59. ill., maps; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).  Includes references.  Language:  English   Descriptors: United Kingdom; Europe; Calves; Transport of animals; Stress; Animal health; Law; Trade     316 					NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986  Welfare problems relevant to the transport of sheep. Lewis, C.J.  London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986.  The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium : entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assist editor, D.A. Paterson ; secretary, Gill McConville. p. 60-64; 1986. (Symposia series ; 1).   Language:  English   Descriptors:  Sheep; Transport of animals; Loading; Unloading; Vehicles;  Animal welfare; Animal feeding; Water intake     317 					NAL Call. No.: TL720.7.A5  Who is responsible when problems occur? - claims and liability (i.e.,  you have a problem, what do you do now?).  Wooller, A.H.  Fort Washington, Md. : The Animal Air Transportation Association; 1986 Apr28.  Proceedings of the ...International Conference of the Animal Air  Transportation Association (12th): p. 23-24; 1986 Apr28.   Language:  English  Descriptors:  Livestock; Transport of animals; Liabilities; Insurance;  Animal health    318 					NAL Call. No.: S542.A1N45 A work study analysis of sheep handling operations. Wall, G.L. Wellington : Department of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1986. New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture v. 14 (4): p. 481-483; 1986.   Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Sheep management; Time allocation; Handling    319 					NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69 Working up the subfertile dairy herd: assessing estrus detection and semen handling. Gaines, J.D. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Jun. Veterinary medicine v. 84 (6): p. 636-644. ill; 1989 Jun.  Includes references.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Reproductive disorders; Estrus; Detection;  Artificial insemination; Semen; Techniques; Gonadotropin releasing hormone; Reproductive ability    320 					NAL Call. No.: SF375.5.A8Y3 Yards n'yakka..  Yards and yakka Casey, Mark F.; Hamilton, Geoffrey R. Mt Lawley, W.A. : Kondinin Group,; 1990. 382 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm. Caption title. "The sheep yard and  handling systems manual"--cover. August 1990.  Includes indexes.  Language:  English  Descriptors: Sheep; Farm buildings    321 					NAL Call. No.: 41.8 EX7  Zur Aussagekraft quantitativ-morphologischer Herzuntersuchungen an normalgeschlachteten und transporttoten Schweinen der Schwerfurter Fleischrasse (vormals Linie 150) [Informative potential of quantitative-Morphological heart checks on Normally slaughtered pigs and transport casualties of the Schwerfurt Baconer breed (former Line 150)]. Berg, R.; Pehlemann, K.  Leipzig, E. Ger. : S. Hirzel; 1988. Archiv fur experimentelle Veterinarmedizin v. 42 (5): p. 718-724; 1988.  Includes references.  Language:  German  Descriptors: German democratic republic; Pigs; Abattoirs; Death; Heart; Histopathology; Inspection; Postmortem examinations; Slaughter   
**AUTHOR INDEX

- Abdi, B.H. 79  Adeola, O. 150 Adrian, W.J. 25 
- Agboola, H.A. 235  Agnes, F. 2, 79 AgriBase, Inc, Livestock Marketing Association 140 
- Agricultural Training Board 135  Aherne, F.X. 69, 75, 162 Allender, S. 134 
- Alvey, D.M. 61  American National CattleWomen 27 Anderson, M. 71 
- Anderson, M.E. 136, 230  Anderson, R. S. 203 Anil, M.H. 169, 271 
- Animal Welfare Foundation. Symposium 1986 : London, England?) 216  Archbold, Louise 197 Art, T. 63 
- Arthur, R.J. 31  Ashby, B.H. 264, 281 Atkinson, P.J. 160 
- Austic, R.E. 159  Australia, Standing Committee on Agriculture 121 Axe, D. 181 
- Babiuk, L.A. 81  Bailey, W. 33 Bailey, W.A. 231, 286 
- Baldock, N.M. 94  Ball, R.L. 68, 189, 267 Ball, R.O. 150 
- Barbut, S. 265, 287  Barnett, J.L. 87, 151 Bate, L.A. 66 
- Bateman, K.G. 108  Bateson, A. 301 Bayliss, P.A. 284 
- Beaman, N. 207  Becker, A. 71, 282 Becker, B.A. 39, 136, 230 
- Bedell, D.M. 208  Beers, P.T. 250, 270 Bekele, T. 65 
- Berg, R. 308  Bernetta Communications, Livestock Conservation Institute 266 Berry, D.J. 276 
- Berry, P.L 43  Berry, P.S. 4, 257 Bevis, E.A. 73, 77, 157, 170, 272, 277, 278 
- Bezzub, V.M. 215, 174  Biddle, R.R. 178 Biro, R. 15 
- Bjur, R.A. 59  Blackshaw, J.K. 155 Blair, R. 76 
- Blecha, F. 248  Blendl, H.M. 44, 45 Blommers, H. 116 
- Blondin, G.A. 10  Boandl, K.E. 92 Boivin, X. 156 
- Bolotova, T.G. 173  Bondiolotti, G.P. 2 Booram, C.V. Jr 177 
- Boorman, A.J. 289  Bowers, C.L. 20 Boyles. S.L. 248 
- Brearley, J.C. 161  Brennan, R.G. 131, 270 Breslavets', V.O. 174 
- Brinkman, M.H. 117  Brooks, Dale L. 204 Broom, D.M. 12, 60, 93, 137, 300 
- Brown, D.E. 59  Brown, D.T. 142 Brown, S.N. 73, 77, 157, 169, 170, 271, 272 
- Bruch, D.E. 152  Brumm, M.C. 176, 242 Brunner, C.J. 227 
- Bryan, R. 71, 136  Butler, K.L. 250 Cahill, D.J. 232 
- Camp, T.H. 80  Canadian Federation of Humane Societies 222 Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada, Agriculture Canada 223 
- Carlisle, A.J. 43  Carlson, J.L. 139 Carr, L.E. 51 
- Carroll, D.W. Jr 246  Carsia, R.V. 92 Casey, Mark F. 307 
- Cavanagh, Rod 13  Cherel, Y. 163 Christy, J.E. 297 
- Chupin, J.M. 156  Clemens, E.T. 242 Clingerman, K. 274, 275 
- Close, R. 55  Coates, J. 38 Cockram, M.S. 72, 253 
- Cole, N.A. 80  Collins, J.W. 148 Commer, M. Jr 254 
- Conson, Marieluise, 290  Coppings, R.J. 85 Corlett, I.K. 193 
- Corley, K.T.T. 72  Corrier, D.E. 98 Costa, N.D. 240 
- Craig, W. 33  Craig, W. L. 133 Cregier, S.E. 226 
- Crider, M.C. 208  Cruz, V.A. 143 Curtis, S.E. 110 
- DeLoach, J.R. 98  Dobbins, C.N. Jr 130 Dobson, H. 99, 107, 161, 228 
- Dodt, R.M. 31, 34  Dolan, S.K. 169 Duncan, I.J.H. 11, 43 
- Dunlop, R.H. 113, 211  Edney, A. T. B. 203 Edwards, J.E. 77, 169, 170, 271 
- Ekhator, N. 85  El Khalifa, M. D. 260 El-Assaad, F.G. 51 
- Eldridge, G.A. 21, 232  Ellersieck, M. 136 Ernst, D. 138 
- Ernst, K. 138  Estep, D.Q. 91 Esteve-Garcia, E. 159 
- Evans, D.G. 193  Ewbank, R. 302 Fairfull, R.W. 62 
- Farm Sanctuary 52  Fell, L.R. 3 Fenwick, D.C. 95 
- Flaming, K.P. 184  Fleetwood-Walker, S.M. 97 Fletcher, T.J. 279 
- Fluharty, F.L. 83  Ford, Richard 260 Fordham, D.P. 271 
- Fordyce, G. 34  Foster, G.S. 179 Frank, G.H. 241 
- Fraser, A.F. 183  Frederiksen, E.D. 37 Freeman, B.M. 257 
- Friend, T.H. 20, 252  Fry, J. 240 Gaines, J.D. 306 
- Ganhao, M. 256  Gardiner, E.E. 76 Garel, J.P. 156 
- Garssen, G.J. 280  Geers, R. 229 Genicot, B. 55 
- Gerrits, A.R. 180  Ghodrati, A. 85 Gibson, L.L. 89, 90 
- Gibson, T. E. 216  Gill, D.R. 68, 189, 267 Goedseels, V. 229 
- Gooderham, K.R. 53  Gorlova, O.D. 173 Gortel, K. 106 
- Grandin, T. 7, 18, 19, 26, 28, 49, 74, 110, 112, 138, 164, 165, 209, 212, 225,  245, 268, 296 Grandin, Temple 29, 221, 266 Great Britain, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Great Britain, Dept. of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Great Britain, Welsh Office, Agriculture Dept 42 
- Green, D.J. 95  Gregory, N.G. 60, 61 Grissom, K.K. 20 
- Gross, W.B. 86  Guise, H.J. 84, 194 Hacker, R.R. 66 
- Hahn, G.L. 136, 230  Hahn, L. 71 Hale, O.M. 177 
- Hamilton, Geoffrey R. 307  Hargreaves, A.L. 258 Harkin, J.M. 10 
- Harman, B.R. 117  Harris, T.C. 283 Hart, L.E. 76 
- Hasenauer, F. 218  Hasler, J.F. 168 Hattingh, J. 256 
- Hearn, P.J. 53  Hedrick, H.B. 71, 136, 230 Hemsworth, P.H. 87, 151 
- Heymann, H. 71  Heymann, J. 136 Hicks, R.B. 68 
- Higgs, A.R.B. 239, 240  Higgs, T. 36, 48, 127, 153, 182, 210 Hinch, G.N. 192 
- Hinton, M.H. 284  Hirose, H. 262 Hodge, R.W. 250 
- Hodgson, J.C. 97  Hoffman, M.P. 117 Hoke, K.E. 165 
- Hoke, Karl E. 29  Holovko, T.M. 174 Honkavaara, M. 158 
- Hosegood, G.J. 289  Houle, F. 145 Humane Slaughter Association  135 
- Humane Slaughter Association, Countrywise Communication (Firm),Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 166  Humane Society of the United States 118, 147 Hunter, E.J. 84 
- Hurnik, J. F. 224  Hutcheson, D.P. 80 Hutson, G.D. 244, 258 
- Hyder, M.W. 240  Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service 125 Izak, S. 298 
- Jacob, J.P. 76  Jami'at al-Khartum, Ma'had al-Dirasat al-Bi'iyah, United States, Agency for International Development 260 Jenkins, O.C. 20 
- Jeremiah, L.E. 89, 90  Jesse, G.C. 71, 136 Jesse, G.W. 6, 39, 67, 176, 230, 242 
- John, Sharon 204  Johnson, B.D. 189, 267 Johnston, G.N. 32, 207 
- Jolley, P.D. 219  Jones, R.B. 185 Jones, R.S. 107, 161 
- Jones, S.D.M. 105  Joyce, J. 195 Julian, R.J. 287 
- Juniewicz, P.E. 64, 78, 104  Kasali, O.B. 65 Kawamoto, S.C. 106 
- Kelly, A.P. 250, 270  Kestin, S.C. 73, 157, 169 Kettlewell, P. 43 
- Kettlewell, P.J. 4, 24, 199, 234, 257  Khogali, Mustafa Mohammed 260 Kilkenny, J.B. 193 
- Knobeloch, L.M. 10  Knowles, T.G. 60, 77, 137, 169 Kondaiah, N. 217 
- Koning, K. de 180  Kraus, Matthias 17 Krieg, K. 249 
- Kurz, P.O. 5  Kuznar, L.A. 144 Laet, B. de 229 
- Lamboody, E. 280  Lance, W.R. 25 Lane, G.T. 132 
- Lapworth, J.W. 255, 295  Lay, D.C. Jr 20 Le Neindre, P. 156 
- Lee, R.A. 253  Lekeux, P. 55, 63 Leonard, M.L. 62 
- Lewis, C.J. 303  Liebler, E.M. 172 Lindsey, J.K. 55 
- Linnabary, R.D. 233  Locatelli, A. 2, 79 Loerch, S.C. 83 
- Long, C. 190  Luk'ianov, V.O. 174 Lynch, J.J. 192 
- Lyons, D. J. 9  Lysets'kyi, A.S. 174 Maaten, M.J. van der 50 
- Makeeva, L.A. 173  Manning, A.C.C. 257 Martel, Rosalind 243 
- Mashaly, M.M. 57  Mateman, G. 280 Mateo, J.M. 91 
- Matsumoto, H. 102  Mayes, H. 33, 71 Mayes, H.E. 39 
- Mayes, H.F. 6, 67, 136, 176, 230, 242  McCann, J.S. 91 McEwen, S.A. 265, 287 
- McGlone, J. 138  McQuade, N.C. 220 Meischke, H.R.C. 131 
- Mellor, D.J. 88, 97  Mendez, J.K. 100 Merkus, G.S.M. 280 
- Migchels, A. 180  Mills, D.S. 273 Minnaar, Maria 111 
- Minnaar, Phillip 111  Misson, B.H. 40 Mitchell, G. 256 
- Miyamoto, T. 22  Molony, V. 88, 97 Moran, P. 4, 122 
- Moss, B.W. 70, 259  Moss, R. 56 Mothes, Eckhard 8 
- Mouligneau, F. 55  Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. 65 Murata, H. 22, 102, 262, 263 
- Nakano, T. 162  Nanda, A.S. 99, 228 Nash, D. 115 
- New, J.C. Jr 233  Newman, J.A. 89, 90 Newton, G.L. 177 
- Nicol, C.J. 213, 273  Nienaber, J. 71 Nienaber, J.A. 136, 230 
- Nixey, C. 288  Norman, G.J. 54 Norris, R. 36, 48, 127, 153, 182, 210 
- Norris, R.T. 47, 54, 113, 211, 220, 239, 240  O'Donnell, J.B. 200 O'Rourke, P.K. 207 
- Obst, J. 167  Ockerman, H.W. 235 Oliver, D.F. (comp.) 114 
- Olson, K.L. 132  Oura, R. 196 Paar, M. 172 
- Panda, B. 217  Parrott, R.F. 40 Peel, D.S. 251 
- Pehlemann, K. 308  Pelipei, T.P. 174 Penny, R.H.C. 84 
- Perry, G.C. 101  Phillips, P.A. 66 Phillips, W.A. 58, 64, 78, 104 
- Picotti, G.B. 2  Plassiart, G. 163 Poerstel, Thomas M. 133 
- Pohlenz, J.F. 172  Pollreisz, J.P. 115 Porte, William G. 205 
- Powell, V.H. 30  Pritchard, R.H. 100 Purdy, C.W. 98, 179 
- Randall, J.M. 149  Randel, R.D. 20 Read, H.W. 10 
- Redman, D.R. 83  Rhind, S.M. 169 Richards, A.B. 179 
- Richards, B. 36, 48, 127, 153, 182, 210  Richards, R.B. 47, 54, 113, 211, 220, 239, 240 Riddell, D.O. 132 
- Riechers, R. 123  Riley, J. 181 Riley, J.G. 248 
- Riley, W.W. Jr 159  Ring, C. 44, 45 Ritter, Sabine 291 
- Robertson, I.S. 88  Robinson, G.M. 201 Rollin, B.E. 186 
- Rollin, F. 55  Roth, J.A. 184 Round, P.J. 32 
- Rowe, L.D. Jr 80  Rubin, Carol 205 Rulofson, F.C. 59 
- Rushen, J. 294  Sains, A.G. 82, 193 Sainsbury, D.W.B. 23 
- Sakurada, T. 196  Sanhouri, A.A. 107 Sartorelli, P. 2, 79 
- Saville, C.A. 269  Schaefer, A.L. 105, 106 Scharp, D.W. 198 
- Schultz, B.D. 242  Schupp, A. 123 Scott, G.B. 122, 213, 269 
- Sekine, J. 196  Self, H.L. 117 Seykora, T. 146 
- Shaw, F.D. 171  Shorthose, W.R. 30, 31, 41 Shutt, D.A. 3 
- Sibly, R.M. 94  Siegel, P.B. 148 Siksa, J. 298 
- Simpson, M. 202  Slee, G.S. 43 Smith, J.A.R. 292 
- Smith, P.C. 32  Smith, R.A. 68, 189, 267 Soule, Charles B. 46 
- Spire, M. 181  Spraker, T.R. 25 Stadelman, W.J. 109 
- Stansell, J.R. 177  Stephens, D.B. 101 Stevens, D.G. 80 
- Stewart, L.E. 51  Stewart, R.L. 208 Sullivan, J. 206 
- Swanson, M.H. 109  Swarbrick, O. 299 Takahashi, H. 102 
- Tandy, J. (comp.) 114  Tarrant, P.V. 96, 285 Thomas, K.W. 270 
- Thompstone, S. 16  Thornton, D.A.K. 187 Thurmon, J.C. 110 
- Timm, Karen 204  Timm, Karen I. 205 Tong, A.K.W. 89, 90, 105 
- Topikha, I.N. 173  Town, W.K. 295 Trillat, G. 156 
- Trimble, D. 70, 259  Trunkfield, H.R. 300 Tuan, F.C. 154 
- Tucker, S.A. 61  Tuddenham, A. 269 Turner, M.J.B. 24, 234 
- United States, Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock & Seed Division 124  United States, Agricultural Marketing Service, Transportation and Marketing Division 133 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, Livestock Conservation Institute 29 
- United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State University 14  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture 120 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture 119 
- United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Agriculture and Transportation 128  University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine 205 University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of 
- California, Davis, Instructional Media 204  Van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S. 81 Verstegen, M.W.A. 229 
- Vogt, J. 129  Von Tungeln, D.L. 78, 103, 104 VonTungeln, D.L. 64 
- Waddington, D. 185  Wajda, S. 238 Walker, B. 69, 75 
- Wall, G.L. 126, 305  Walstra, P. 280 Ward, C.E. 251 
- Ward, W.R. 99, 228  Warriss, P.D. 73, 77, 141, 157, 169, 170, 194, 271, 272, 277, 278 Webb, M.L. 57 
- Webster, A.J.F. 269  Weeding, C.M. 84 Weisensel, Russel R. 197 
- Weiss, C.N. 67  Wichlacz, H. 238 Widowski, T.M. 110 
- Wilcock, K.R. 237  Wilkins, L.J. 60, 61 Williams, C.S.F. 236 
- Wilson, M. 146  Winegar, G.O. 293 Winfield, C.G. 21, 232 
- Wisconsin Agri-Business Council 197  Wohlt, J.E. 92 Wood, G.N. 97 
- Wooller, A.H. 304  Wyers, M. 163 Wythes, J.R. 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 207 
- Young, B.A. 105, 106  Young, C.S. 73, 278 Zavy, M.T. 78, 104 
- Zinn, G.M. 67, 176   **SUBJECT INDEX**
- Abattoirs  18, 21, 30, 31, 32, 72, 187, 207, 251, 277, 308  Abuse  18 Adaptation  57, 100 
- Adrenal cortex  3  Adrenal cortex hormones  227 Adrenal glands  88 
- Adrenalin  2, 59  Adrenals  2 Age  34, 41, 210, 239 
- Age differences  64, 76  Agricultural engineering  155 Agricultural policy  292 
- Air flow  269, 295  Air quality  66 Air temperature  194 
- Air transport  195, 201, 218, 279, 283, 286  Aircraft  195, 283 Alabama  254 
- Alanine  76  Alfalfa hay  32 Alpacas  144 
- Amino acid antagonists  76  Amino acids  159 Anesthesia  92 
- Animal behavior  7, 21, 28, 34, 72, 74, 87, 91, 110, 112, 148, 156, 192, 232, 252, 253, 268, 296  Animal culture  8 Animal experimentation  119 
- Animal feeding  67, 303  Animal health  10, 37, 50, 56, 80, 109, 116, 131, 143, 152, 153, 168, 231, 264, 297, 302, 304 Animal housing  268 
- Animal husbandry  43, 62, 69, 112, 131, 192, 233, 258, 265  Animal immobilization  205 Animal nutrition  127, 210 
- Animal physiology  280  Animal production  289 Animal products  9, 144, 174 
- Animal research  114, 186  Animal rights activists  120 Animal welfare  1, 4, 11, 12, 18, 20, 23, 29, 35, 40, 42, 47, 48, 52, 56, 82, 93, 94, 101, 114, 118, 119, 131, 134, 135, 137, 140, 141, 143, 145, 148, 149, 153, 167, 175, 178, 183, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 197, 202, 204, 205, 212, 213, 216, 221, 226, 232, 244, 247, 252, 258, 261, 264, 272, 279, 281, 283, 285, 286, 292, 294, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303 
- Animals  133, 135, 147, 216  Animals, Air transportation of  133 Animals, Treatment of  27, 147, 216 
- Anorexia  240  Antagonists  161 Antibiotics  81, 214 
- Antigens  241  Antiinfective agents  63, 98 Artificial insemination  306 
- Ascorbic acid  86  Auctions  18 Australia  21, 35, 36, 47, 48, 131, 153, 155, 164, 178, 182, 198, 210, 237, 243, 243, 243, 243, 244, 261, 270 
- Australian merino  240  Avoidance conditioning  213, 294 Bacon  70 
- Battery cages  60, 202  Beef bulls  105 Beef cattle  20, 21, 27, 32, 34, 64, 72, 78, 83, 100, 103, 104, 115, 123, 224, 224, 254, 289 
- Beef cows  28  Beef industry  128 Beef production  100, 115, 254 
- Beef quality  105, 141, 171  Behavior  18, 29 Behavior change  97 
- Behavior modification  185  Bibliographies  275, 276 Bioassays  10 
- Biochemistry  242  Biosynthesis  81 Blood  271 
- Blood analysis  65  Blood chemistry  79, 80 Blood composition  72 
- Blood plasma  2, 20, 59, 65, 92, 95, 97, 107, 161, 228, 258  Blood sampling  57, 59, 88, 236 Blood serum  22, 179, 262, 263 
- Blood sugar  107, 161, 219  Boats and ships  1, 47, 164, 191, 261 Body composition  39 
- Body fluids  106  Body weight  54, 60, 104 Bone fractures  60, 61 
- Bone strength  60  Bones  60 Border leicester  95 
- Botulism  289  Bovidae  89, 90, 196 Bovine herpes virus  81 
- Brahman  32, 34, 248  Branding  20 Breed differences  60, 156, 167 
- Breeding  154  Breeding programs  53 Broiler feeding  23 
- Broiler performance  76  Broiler production  23 Broiler rearing  234 
- Broilers  4, 11, 43, 76, 137, 170, 180, 199, 213, 234, 265, 272, 284, 299  Bruises  41, 141, 253, 265 Bruising  21, 30, 31, 171, 259 
- Bulls  59, 106, 142, 192  Cages  51, 287 Calcium  95 
- Calculation  173, 215  Calves  2, 3, 22, 68, 78, 79, 80, 83, 88, 92, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 108, 160, 172, 179, 227, 248, 254, 262, 263, 300, 302 Canada  18, 116 
- Cannibalism  62  Carcass grading  259, 265, 287 Carcass quality  21, 30, 31, 41, 70, 136, 253, 265, 285, 287 
- Carcass weight  30, 31, 32, 41, 71, 171, 193, 207, 230  Carcass yield  73, 85, 105, 106 Carcasses  30, 31, 141, 213, 253 
- Cardiovascular system  101  Castration  88, 89, 90, 97, 192, 236 Catecholamines  59, 150 
- Cattle  8, 8, 10, 19, 29, 29, 29, 30, 31, 35, 46, 49, 50, 55, 63, 74, 121, 134, 141, 145, 156, 168, 171, 175, 189, 207, 209, 214, 215, 232, 237, 241, 244, 247, 255, 256, 260, 267, 285, 295, 296  Cattle breeds  156, 235 Cattle housing  117 
- Cattle husbandry  34, 156, 227, 289  Cattle pens  121 Cattle trade  128 
- Cells  172  Cephalosporins  189 Certification  37, 152, 168, 297 
- Chemicals  10  Chicken fat  217 Chicken meat  217 
- Chickens  159, 234, 269  Chicks  15, 62, 76, 148, 185 Chilling  96 
- China  154, 286  Cholesterol  2 Chutes  49, 74, 77, 255 
- Circadian rhythm  282  Collection  3 Colorado  25, 74 
- Complement  179  Conditioning  100, 209 Congresses  216, 216, 216 
- Constraints  144  Container transport  44 Containers  301 
- Cooking  90  Cooking losses  41 Cooperative marketing  251 
- Corticoids  87  Corticosterone  57 Corticotrophin  40 
- Corticotropin  64, 86, 88  Cortisol  2, 3, 40, 92, 99, 102, 103, 228, 282 Cost analysis  254 
- Cost benefit analysis  123  Costs  46, 181 Cows  41, 99, 161 
- Crates  283, 299  Crating  247 Creatine kinase  158, 271 
- Crossbreds  242, 248  Cytochrome c  262p Dairy bulls  146 
- Dairy cattle  14, 14, 123, 223, 223, 233, 306  Dairy cows  132, 228 Dairying  14 
- Damage  180, 259  Dark cutting meat  141, 219, 285 Death  113, 190, 211, 308 
- Decision analysis  144  Decontamination  51 Deer  279 
- Defects  265  Dehorning  236 Dehydration (physiological)  160 
- Delaware  200  Density  280 Dentition  41 
- Deprivation  242  Design� 4, 35, 82, 244, 268 Detection  306 
- Dexamethasone  95  Diet studies  242 Diets  176 
- Dipping  244  Disease control  189, 267 Disease prevention  23, 50, 53, 108, 162, 209, 214, 288 
- Disease resistance  86, 148, 229, 241, 279  Disinfection  51, 283 Distance travelled  21, 272, 278 
- Docking  97, 236  Domestic animals  42, 119, 120, 152 Dressing percentage  32 
- Drinking water  67, 106  Drivers  149 Drug effects  159 
- Drug resistance  98  Drug therapy  55, 63, 68, 236 Drugs  247 
- Dry lot feeding  54  Duck feeding  53 Ducks  53 
- Duration  54, 170  Dyschondroplasia  163 Early weaning  289 
- Economic analysis  289  Education  114 Egg production  109 
- Eggs  109  Electrical treatment  30, 110 Electricity  92 
- Electrolytes  105, 106  Electrolytes retention  105 Electrons  10 
- Embryos (animal)  50, 168  Emergencies  233 Emu farming  111 
- Endorphins  271  England  278 Enrichment  185 
- Environment  103, 112, 115, 185, 288, 299, 301  Environmental factors  151, 234 Environmental impact analysis  260 
- Environmental temperature  229, 284  Enzyme activity  242 Epidemiology  113 
- Epinephrine  20, 79  Epithelium  172 Equipment  109 
- Equipment and supplies  8, 8  Erythrocytes  95 Escherichia coli  86, 148 
- Estimation  254  Estradiol  99, 228 Estrous cycle  228 
- Estrus  306  Ethics  186 Etiology  76 
- Europe  302  European Economic Community  56 Euthanasia  202 
- Evaluation  10  Ewes  95, 110 Excretion  64 
- Exotics  283  Experimental equipment  4 Exports  1, 15, 16, 36, 48, 113, 127, 131, 152, 153, 164, 168, 210, 211, 220, 239, 240, 247, 264, 270 
- Exudative meat  70, 150, 158  Facilities  7, 35, 244 Farm buildings  307 
- Farm income  16  Farm management  144 Farm surveys  126 
- Farmers  197, 197  Farmers' attitudes  233 Farmyard manure  144 
- Fasting  64, 67, 71, 80, 85, 136, 158, 230  Fattening  181 Fattening performance  80, 100 
- Fatty acids  79  Fearfulness  19, 101, 122, 185, 213 Feasibility studies  123, 254 
- Feces  98  Feed conversion efficiency  62, 86, 148, 267 Feed intake  101, 267 
- Feed supplements  150  Feeding  32, 182 Feedlots  100, 108, 113, 153, 182, 198, 211, 212, 220 
- Feeds  154  Fees  123 Feet  236 
- Females  148  Fencing  28 Fertilization  196 
- Fibrinogen  78  Fighting  70, 259 Fines (Penalties)  120 
- Finland  158  Flavors  90 Flocks  126, 148 
- Flooding  233  Floods  233 Floors  49 
- Florida  254  Flushing  177 Food deprivation  83, 219 
- Food quality  96  Forage  144 Fowl diseases  86 
- Fowls  86  Freezing  20 Frequency  60 
- Furaltadone  86  Game birds  188 Gases  161 
- Genetic effects  112  Genotypes  78, 104, 157 Georgia  208, 254 
- German democratic republic  308  Gilts  87 Glucocorticoids  103, 184 
- Glucose  2, 159  Glycogen  71, 219 Glycoproteins  81 
- Goats  107, 139, 235, 236  Gonadotropin releasing hormone  306 Group size  148 
- Groups  87, 132  Growth  87, 229 Growth promoting substances  14 
- Growth rate  34, 62  Guanidines  76 Guidelines  35, 296 
- Guinea pigs as laboratory animals  204, 205  Handling  4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 14, 18, 21, 25, 29, 30, 31, 34, 50, 53, 57, 62, 69, 72, 74, 75, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 101, 109, 122, 126, 131, 132, 137, 138, 141, 146, 151, 155, 156, 165, 185, 186, 192, 197, 204, 205, 207, 213, 222, 236, 237, 243, 244, 256, 259, 268, 274, 275, 277, 281, 284, 288, 296, 300, 305 Handling losses  174 
- Haptoglobins  22  Hatcheries  202 Health hazards  10 
- Heart  10, 308  Heart rate  20, 43, 94, 107, 232 Heat production  230 
- Heat regulation  199  Heat stress  36, 199 Heavy metals  10 
- Height  183  Hematocrit  2, 95, 258 Hematology  80, 103 
- Hemoglobin  2  Hen feeding  109 Hens  12, 57, 60, 61, 93, 109, 122, 137, 217, 273, 299 
- Herd improvement  5  Herds  34, 144 Hereford  32 
- Hired labor  123  Histopathology  25, 308 History  16 
- Holstein-friesian  92, 227  Hormone secretion  99 Hormones  256 
- Horses  226  Hot boning  217 Humerus  60 
- Hydraulic equipment  74  Hydrocortisone  20, 79, 88, 97, 107, 161, 258, 271 Hypocalcemia  95 
- Hypothalamus  150  Identification  37, 236 Illness  220 
- Immobilization  43, 110, 273  Immune response  102, 227 Immunity reactions  248 
- Immunology  103  Immunostimulants  184 Immunosuppression  263 
- Immunosuppressive agents  184  Immunotherapy� 184 Imports  152, 168 
- Improvement  154, 188  In vitro  196 Individuals  87 
- Industry  154  Infectious diseases  184 Injuries  70, 82, 220, 232, 259 
- Inland transport  231  Inspection  14, 116, 187, 297, 308 Insurance  304 
- International trade  37, 218, 297  International transport  168, 297 Intestinal absorption  159 
- Intestinal microorganisms  267  Intramuscular injection  161 Ions  105 
- Ireland  96  Isolation  94 Kansas  181 
- Kentucky  132  Kids  88 Labor  144 
- Labor costs  180  Laboratories  120 Laboratory animals  114, 120, 204, 205 
- Lactation stage  132  Lactic acid  271 Lambs  88, 91, 97, 169, 193, 237, 278 
- Lameness  163  Landrace  157 Large white  157 
- Law  302  Leanness  259 Learning  294 
- Leg weakness  75  Legislation  114, 187, 299 Length  183 
- Leukocyte count  102  Leukocytes  78 Lh  99, 228 
- Liabilities  304  Lidocaine  97 Lighting  49 
- Linear programming  144  Literature reviews  16, 184, 217 Lithium  95 
- Liver  71, 219  Liver abscess  117 Livestock  7, 9, 18, 37, 52, 56, 114, 116, 118, 131, 140, 143, 147, 152, 154, 155, 164, 165, 166, 178, 183, 184, 187, 195, 197, 200, 201, 203, 216, 218, 221, 231, 246, 249, 252, 260, 260, 264, 268, 274, 276, 281, 283, 292, 293, 295, 297, 304 
- Livestock housing  139  Livestock number  126 Livestock numbers  144, 235 
- Livestock projects  9  Livestock transporters  38, 82, 191, 226, 275, 279 Liveweight  32, 41, 106, 117, 171, 219, 230 
- Liveweight gain  189, 267  Liveweight gains  148, 289 Loading  49, 79, 82, 153, 180, 226, 255, 283, 299, 303 
- Loading cars  280  Local anesthesia  97 Location theory  254 
- Long distance transport  5, 280  Loose housing  132 Loss prevention  174 
- Losses  171  Louisiana  123 Lymph nodes  172 
- Lymphocyte transformation  22, 248, 262, 263  Lymphocytes  86, 102, 262, 263 Macrophages  262 
- Male animals  76, 89, 90, 163  Management  34, 115 Manpower units  126 
- Manual operation  43  Manure handling  125 Marginal analysis  144 
- Marketing  67, 116, 141, 181, 237, 260  Markets  153 Mastitis  184 
- Mathematical models  144, 254  Maturation  81 Meat and livestock industry  235, 254 
- Meat lines  157  Meat production  235 Meat products  235 
- Meat quality  32, 41, 71, 73, 157, 158, 194, 217, 219, 298  Meat yield  96, 217 Mechanical handling  43, 110 
- Mechanical harvesting  180  Mechanical methods  4 Mechanically deboned meat  217 
- Medical treatment  181  Meleagris gallopavo  25 Metabolic disorders  240 
- Metabolism  103, 104  Metabolites  242, 256 Mice as laboratory animals  204 
- Middle east  212, 239, 240, 270  Milk  215 Milk production  8, 132 
- Minnesota no. 1  167  Mississippi  254 Missouri  136 
- Mitochondria  10  Models  184, 295 Monensin  81, 159 
- Moral values  186  Morbidity  68, 179, 189, 267 Morphology  172 
- Mortality  36, 48, 62, 76, 82, 113, 127, 170, 171, 182, 189, 198, 210, 211, 213, 220, 239, 240, 267, 284, 285, 289  Movements  7 Muscle tissue  32, 41 
- Muscles  30, 31  Muscular diseases  25 Mycoplasma gallisepticum  86 
- Myocardium  76  Naloxone  97 Nebraska  136 
- Netherlands  180, 280  Neurotropic drugs  99 Neutrophils  86, 102, 262 
- New Zealand 1, 126, 190, 191, 206, 261, 264, 305  Newborn animals  172, 236 Newcastle disease virus  86 
- Nigeria  235  Noise  79, 101 Nonesterified fatty acids  2 
- Norepinephrine  2, 20, 59  Normal values  179 Northern ireland  70, 259 
- Nose  241  Nutrient deficiencies  289 Nutrient transport  159 
- Nutrition programs  115  Nutritional requirements  288 Obesity  210, 239 
- Ohio  83  Oklahoma  251, 254 Oocytes  196 
- Operating costs  123  Operation  4 Operator comfort  149 
- Optimization methods  254  Osteochondritis  69, 75, 162 Osteomyelitis  163 
- Ovaries  196  Overfeeding  202 Pain  20, 97, 190, 261 
- Pasteurella  63, 214  Pasteurella haemolytica  55, 108, 241 Pasteurellosis  285 
- Pathogenesis  162, 239  Peasant workers  16 Pelleted feeds  47, 54, 113, 211, 250 
- Pens  49, 232  Perception  296 Performance  198 
- Peru  144  Pesticides  10 Ph  194, 219 
- Phosphorus  289  Physico-chemical properties  30, 31 Pietrain  167 
- Pig farming  251  Pig feeding  150, 176 Pig housing  66, 112, 151, 155, 177, 229 
- Pig slurry  66, 177  Pigmeat  71, 150, 194 Pigs  5, 6, 39, 40, 44, 49, 50, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 75, 77, 84, 96, 101, 112, 136, 138, 150, 151, 157, 158, 162, 167, 176, 186, 194, 229, 230, 242, 251, 259, 271, 277, 280, 282, 286, 298, 301, 308 
- Pituitary  88  Pneumonia  63 Polling  92 
- Pork  158  Postmortem examinations  308 Postpartum interval  228 
- Postweaning interval  83  Potassium  95 Poultry  51, 114, 188, 202, 215, 235 
- Poultry farming  16, 174  Poultry housing  23, 53, 109 Poultry products  16 
- Preformed meats  217  Pregnancy  34 Preservation  50 
- Preslaughter weight  277, 298  Probiotics  267 Processing  109, 154 
- Progesterone  65  Programs  181 Properties  41 
- Psychology  18  Public relations  134 Pullets  299 
- Purchasing  209  Quarantine  152, 218, 297 Queensland  30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 207, 289 
- Rabbit meat  219  Rabbits  85, 219 Rabbits as laboratory animals  204 
- Rail transport  16, 231  Railways  231, 295 Recovery  271 
- Rectum  172  Regional accounting  254 Regionalization  254 
- Regulations  56, 187, 293, 297  Relative humidity  210, 284 Replacement  109 
- Reproductive ability  142, 306  Reproductive disorders  306 Reproductive performance  87, 288 
- Requirements  4, 152, 168  Research  155 Resource allocation  144 
- Respiration rate  107  Respiratory diseases  108, 179, 184, 189, 241 Respiratory disorders  229 
- Rest  30, 31, 160, 277  Restraint  236 Restraint of animals  19, 74, 101, 110 
- Restricted feeding  40  Returns  289 Rice straw  32 
- Risk �239  Risks  211 Road transport  22, 102, 106, 107, 113, 136, 160, 169, 262, 263, 279, 280, 285 
- Roads  232, 295  Rumen  106 Rumen bacteria  83 
- Rumen digestion  83  Rural communities  144 Safety measures  14 
- Sales  215, 237  Saliva  3, 40 Salmonella  51, 98 
- Salmonellosis  36, 98, 127  Sampling techniques  57 Sanitation  139 
- Saudi arabia  198  Sausages  217 Scanning electron microscopy  69 
- Sea transport  36, 48, 54, 113, 127, 153, 178, 182, 198, 210, 211, 212, 247, 270  Seasonal fluctuations  117 Seasonal variation  239, 240 
- Seasonality  210  Semen  306 Senses  268 
- Serology  242  Serotonin  150 Serotypes  241 
- Sex  259  Sex differences  179 Shearing  155 
- Shearing sheds  243, 244  Sheep  1, 36, 47, 48, 49, 65, 73, 74, 94, 113, 126, 127, 131, 139, 153, 155, 182, 190, 191, 210, 211, 212, 220, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 244, 250, 253, 258, 261, 270, 294, 303, 305, 307 Sheep breeds  95 
- Sheep diseases  220  Sheep dogs  13 Sheep farming  126, 173 
- Sheep feeding  54, 212  Sheep management  212, 305 Sheep shearers (Persons)  243 
- Sheep-shearing  243  Ships  143, 145, 239, 240, 246 Shorthorn  32, 34 
- Simulation  182  Singapore  5 Size  232 
- Skin glands  236  Skin temperature  20 Skins  70, 259 
- Slatted floors  66, 177  Slaughter  18, 30, 31, 41, 44, 71, 72, 73, 84, 85, 96, 141, 157, 187, 194, 202, 213, 253, 254, 256, 268, 277, 278, 308 Slaughter weight  193 
- Slaughtering and slaughter-houses  221  Sleep  160 Slopes  49, 77 
- Social environment  144  Social structure  69 Socialization  148 
- Sodium  95  Southeastern states of U.S.A.  179 Space requirements  21, 183, 232, 285 
- Spacing  21, 77  Spatial equilibrium analysis  254 Species  144 
- Species differences  88  Spectrophotometry  10 Standards  186, 255 
- Starvation  36, 127, 210, 250  Statistical analysis  70 Statistics  126 
- Steaks  89, 90  Steers  41, 64, 117, 181, 192, 227 Stimulation  30 
- Stocking density  194, 265  Stockyards  52 Storage  50 
- Storage losses  174  Stress  2, 3, 7, 19, 20, 30, 31, 39, 40, 43, 57, 64, 68, 69, 70, 75, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 115, 150, 157, 158, 161, 163, 169, 171, 179, 181, 184, 190, 212, 213, 219, 220, 226, 228, 242, 247, 249, 252, 256, 258, 259, 261, 269, 271, 273, 279, 282, 285, 294, 296, 300, 302 Stress factors  268 
- Stress management  227  Stress response  151, 189, 227, 232, 267 Structural design  49, 255 
- Study and teaching  243, 243  Sudan  260, 260, 260, 260 Supplementary feeding  105 
- Supply balance  254  Suppression  262 Surgical operations  236 
- Surveys  232, 233, 264  Survival  182 Sustainable agriculture  125 
- Swine  8, 8, 124, 125, 222, 222, 266  Swine farrowing facilities  125 Taurine  76 
- Techniques  10, 306  Telemetry  43 Temperament  34, 156 
- Temperature  23, 196, 210  Temperatures  283 Tennessee  98 
- Tests  273  Tetany  171 Texture  89 
- Therapy  127, 182, 210  Thermal properties  177 Thermoregulation  199 
- Thiaminase  270  Thiamine  270 Tibia  163 
- Time  271, 278  Time allocation  305 Timing  107 
- Total losses  173  Toxicity  10 Trade  5, 302 
- Trade policy  292  Traditional society  144 Transit time  219, 272, 284 
- Transport  10, 23, 25, 35, 51, 64, 73, 89, 90, 96, 103, 115, 131, 144, 154, 155, 158, 162, 171, 176, 180, 181, 196, 202, 215, 234, 237, 241, 242, 251, 261, 277, 295  Transport boxes  44 Transport costs  254 
- Transport of animals  1, 2, 3, 6, 15, 21, 22, 31, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 47, 49, ,54, 56, 59, 67, 70, 71, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 114, 116, 117, 136, 137, 141, 143, 145, 149, 152, 157, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170, 178, 183, 184, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 201, 212, 213, 217, 218, 219, 220, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 239, 240, 246, 248, 249, 252, 256, 259, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 289, 292, 293, 294, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304  Transportation  29, 42, 46, 147, 216, 216, 222, 260 Trapping  25 
- Trauma  36, 162, 213  Treatment  87, 189, 214, 267 Trucks  149 
- Tryptophan  150  Turkeys  163, 265, 287, 288 Tyrosine  150 
- U.S.A.  15, 18, 109, 152, 188, 218, 292, 293, 297  U.S.S.R.  16 Uk  272 
- Ukrainian ssr  173, 174, 215  Ultrasonic devices  155 United  Kingdom  23, 53, 82, 114, 187, 277, 288, 299, 302 
- United States  14, 27, 27, 128, 128, 147, 147, 197, 197  Unloading  82, 255, 303 Vaccination  108, 179, 214, 241 
- Vaccines  108  Value systems  144 Vehicles  299, 301, 303 
- Ventilation  23, 212, 283  Veterinary medicine  74 Veterinary pharmacology  14 
- Veterinary services  123  Vibration  101, 149 Victoria  232 
- Videotapes  165  Vision  28 Vitamin deficiency  270 
- Washington  233  Waste treatment  66 Water  280 
- Water availability  207  Water deprivation  80, 242 Water intake  40, 207, 303 
- Water transport  200, 201, 246, 250, 293  Waterfowl  188 Wattles  236 
- Weaning  78, 104, 184  Weight  242 Weight gain  117 
- Weight losses  6, 64, 67, 71, 80, 85, 100, 117, 136, 193, 213, 230, 231, 232, 249, 280, 285  Western australia  113, 127, 211, 212, 239, 240 Wethers  54, 198 
- Width  183  Wind tunnels  295 Wisconsin  197, 197 
- Wool  243  Wool baling  243 Wounds  287 
- Wyoming  46  Xylazine  107, 161 Yards  207 
- Yorkshire  167  Zebu cattle  78 Zeranol  89, 90 
Animal Welfare  Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National  Agricultural Library*USDA Cooperative Agreement No. 58-0520-5-076 - July, 1995***

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