STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2022 CA 0623

GINA MOISE, ROBERT SOUTHARD, JR. AND KEVIN SOUTHARD, 

INDVIDUALLY AND ON BEHALF OF BETTY SUE SOUTHARD (D) 

VS. 

BATON ROUGE GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER, ET AL

Judgment rendered: 

On Appeal from the

Nineteenth Judicial District Court

In and for the Parish ofEast Baton Rouge

State of Louisiana

No. 666,291

APR 2 0 2023

The Honorable Trudy M. White, Judge Presiding

Benjamin P. Mouton Attorneys for Plaintiffs/Appellants

Daniel J. McGlynn Gina Moise, Robert Southard, Jr., and

Eric E. Helm Kevin Southard

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Craig J. Sabottke

Michael M. Remson

Courtenay S. Herndon

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Attorneys for Defendants/Appellees

Baton Rouge General Medical Center, et al

BEFORE: GUIDRY, C.J., McCLENDON, HOLDRIDGE, HESTER, AND

GREENE JJ. 

Id t 73. C- OnC. A- r5
HOLDRIDGE, J. 

The plaintiffs, Gina Moise, Robert Southard, Jr., and Kevin Southard, appeal

the trial court judgment denying their motion to set aside the order of dismissal. For

the following reasons, we reverse. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On February 9, 2018, the plaintiffs filed a petition for damages, wrongful

death and survival action against the defendants, Baton Rouge General Medical

Center -Bluebonnet, Robert Territo, M.D., Baharesh Binesh, M.D., Bayley Hubble, 

D.O., and Ramandeep Singh, M.D., alleging various acts of medical negligence.' 

On June 21, 2018, Baton Rouge General Medical Center -Bluebonnet, Robert

Territo, D.O., Bayley Hubble, D.O., and Ramandeep Singh M.D., answered the

plaintiffs' petition generally denying all allegations of negligence. On August 1, 

2018, Baharesh Binesh, M.D., answered the plaintiffs' petition, generally denying

all allegations of negligence against him. 

On October 19, 2021, the defendants filed an ex parte motion to dismiss the

suit on grounds of abandonment pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 561. The defendants

asserted that no step had been timely taken in the prosecution or defense ofthe action

for three years and therefore the case was abandoned by operation of law as

mandated by La. C. C.P. art. 561.' The defendants argued that the last action taken

in the prosecution or defense of the suit was on September 11, 2018, when the

defendants provided discovery responses to the plaintiffs. In support oftheir motion, 

one of the defendants' attorneys, Courtenay S. Herndon, filed an affidavit attesting

that the defendants " ha[ d] not been served with any discovery requests, responses, 

1 Baton Rouge General Medical Center—Bluebonnet was erroneously named as Baton Rouge

General Medical Center, General Health System, in the plaintiffs' petition. 

Z Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 561( A)( 1) provides, in pertinent part: 

An action ... is abandoned when the parties fail to take any step in its prosecution or

defense in the trial court for a period ofthree years[.] 

2
pleadings, or notices for a period in excess of three ( 3) years from the last action

taken by any party in prosecution ofthis case which was September 11, 2018[.]" On

October 20, 2021, the trial court signed the defendants' ex parte motion to dismiss

the suit on the grounds of abandonment, dismissing the plaintiffs' claims pursuant

to La. C. C.P. art. 561( A). 

On November 12, 2021, the plaintiffs filed a motion to set aside the order of

dismissal. Counsel for the plaintiffs submitted with its motion an affidavit from

Benjamin Mouton, the plaintiffs' attorney, that attested the following: 

7. Shortly after filing the lawsuit against Baton Rouge General Medical

Center and the resident physicians, [ Mr. Mouton] called [ Michael] 

Remson[, the defendants' attorney,] and asked if [Mr. Mouton needed] 

to file a formal Motion to Stay the lawsuit against all of the defendants

until the case against Dr. Reddy and Dr. Thames was decided by the

medical review panel; 

8. Mr. Remson advised [Mr. Mouton] that, similar to other cases [ they] 

had together in the past and since this one, a formai Motion to Stay

the lawsuit would not be necessary; 

9. Rather, [ they] agreed to an informal stay of the lawsuit as to all of

the plaintiffs and all of the defendants until an [ o] pinion was rendered

on the claims made against Dr. Reddy and Dr. Thames[;] 

11. While this agreement by all parties to informally stay the lawsuit

was never memorialized in a letter or email between counsel, it was

confirmed to [Mr. Mouton] ... in a string of intra -office emails on May

31, 2018[; and] 

24. In a letter dated August 13, 2020, Mr. Remson as counsel for Dr. 

Reddy in Suit No. 697,648 and who simultaneously was counsel for

sic] record for all of the defendants in Suit No. 666,291, proposed

filing a Motion to Consolidate the two lawsuits[.] 

Mr. Mouton also testified at the hearing on the motion to set aside the order of

dismissal. His testimony was in accordance with the information contained in the

affidavit that was filed with the plaintiffs' motion. 

The defendants opposed the plaintiffs' motion to set aside the order of

dismissal arguing that September 11, 2018, was the date ofthe last step taken by any

party in this case. The defendants attached to their memorandum their discovery

3
responses that evidenced that September 11, 2018, was the date that the discovery

responses were submitted to the plaintiffs. However, the defendants did not offer an

affidavit, any documents, or evidence to contradict the allegations made in the

affidavit submitted by Mr. Mouton, the plaintiffs' attorney. 

On March 15, 2022, the trial court held a hearing on the plaintiffs' motion to

set aside the order of dismissal. After hearing arguments and the testimony of Mr. 

Mouton, the trial court denied the plaintiffs' motion. The trial court signed a

judgment on April 7, 2022. Subsequently, the plaintiffs devolutively appealed the

trial court judgment. 

APPLICABLE LAW

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 561 governs abandonment and

provides, in pertinent part: 

A. ( 1) An action ... is abandoned when the parties fail

to take any step in its prosecution or defense in the trial court for a

period of three years[.] 

3) This provision shall be operative without formal order, but, on ex

parte motion of any party or other interested person by affidavit which

provides that no step has been timely taken in the prosecution or

defense of the action, the trial court shall enter a formal order of

dismissal as of the date of its abandonment. The sheriff shall serve the

order in the manner provided in Article 1314, and shall execute a return

pursuant to Article 1292. 

4) A motion to set aside a dismissal may be made only within thirty

days of the date of the sheriffs service of the order of dismissal. Ifthe

trial court denies a timely motion to set aside the dismissal, the clerk of

court shall give notice ofthe order of denial pursuant to Article 1913 (A) 

and shall file a certificate pursuant to Article 1913( D). 

5) An appeal of an order of dismissal may be taken only within sixty

days of the date of the sheriff' s service of the order of dismissal. An

appeal of an order of denial may be taken only within sixty days of the

date ofthe clerk' s mailing ofthe order of denial. 

B. Any formal discovery as authorized by this Code and served on all

parties whether or not filed of record, including the taking of a

deposition with or without formal notice, shall be deemed to be a step in

the prosecution or defense of an action. 

4
Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 561 imposes three requirements to

avoid abandonment: ( 1) a party must take some " step" in the prosecution or defense

ofthe action; (2) the step must be taken in the proceeding and, with the exception of

formal discovery, must appear in the record ofthe suit; and (3) the step must be taken

within three years of the last step taken by either party; sufficient action by either

plaintiff or defendant will be deemed a step. Clark v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. 

Co., 2000-3010 (La. 5/ 15/ 01), 785 So.2d 779, 784. A "step" is a formal action before

the court intended to hasten the suit towards judgment or is the taking of formal

discovery. Louisiana Dep' t of Transp. and Development v. Oilfield Heavy Haulers, 

L.L.C., 2011- 0912 ( La. 12! 6/ 11), 79 So.3d 978, 981. 

There are two jurisprudential exceptions to the abandonment rule that appear

outside of the record that interrupts the abandonment period. Id. at 985. These

exceptions include: ( 1) a plaintiff's failure to prosecute based on circumstances

beyond the plaintiffs control; or ( 2) a defendant' s waiver of the right to assert

abandonment by taking action inconsistent with an intent to treat the case as

abandoned. Id. at 985. The waiver exception is based on the well-established rule

that prescription can be interrupted by acknowledgment.' City of Baton

Rouge/Parish ofEast Baton Rouge v. Smu s Corp., Inc., 2014-0134 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 10/ 16/ 14), 156 So. 3d 202, 206 n.3. The abandonment period has been described

as " a form of liberative prescription." Id. In Gilbert v. Metropolitan Life Insurance

The jurisprudence provides the following examples of conduct that constitutes a waiver of the

right to plead abandonment: ( 1) submitting a case for decision by filing a motion for summary

judgment; (2) making an unconditional tender of uninsured motorist benefits; ( 3) filing an answer

to a supplemental petition; (4) participating in a status conference and signing a case management

schedule; ( 5) filing answers to interrogatories; and ( 6) forwarding correspondence to opposing

counsel requesting proposed dates for a scheduling order to be filed with the court. Conversely, 

courts found the following conduct did not give rise to a waiver of abandonment: ( 1) informal

settlement negotiations; (2) a request to pursue mediation; (3) opposing a motion to compel; and

4) attending a pretrial conference where abandonment of the case was apparently discussed. City

of Baton Rouge/Parish of East Baton Rouge v. Smugg s Corp., Inc., 2014-0134 (La. App. 1 Cir. 

10/ 16/ 14), 156 So. 3d 202, 206- 07 ( internal citations omitted). 

5
Company, 2020- 0850 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2122121), 321 So.3d 1023, 1032, writ denied, 

2021- 00441 ( La. 5125121), 316 So.3d 444, this court held that a waiver by

acknowledgment can occur before or after the accrual of the abandonment period

and cause the period to begin anew. See also Clark, 785 So.2d at 789. This court

further stated in Gilbert that " unlike a plaintiff whose post -abandonment actions

cannot serve to revive an abandoned action, a defendant' s post -abandonment actions

can serve to waive its right to plead abandonment. That a defendant' s conduct

occurred before the abandonment period elapsed as opposed to after is thus a

distinction without a difference." Gilbert, 321 So.3d at 1032. The acknowledgment

standard for interrupting the abandonment period is a less stringent evidentiary

requirement than the renunciation ofprescription standard that would occur after the

accrual of the abandonment period. See City of Baton Rouge/Parish of East Baton

Rouge, 156 So.3d at 206 n.3. 

As a general rule, abandonment is not meant to dismiss actions on mere

technicalities, but to dismiss actions which in fact clearly have been abandoned. 

Louisiana Dep' t of Transp, and Development, 79 So.3d at 986; see also Hargis v. 

Jefferson Parish, 2000- 0072 (La. 3/ 17/ 00), 755 So. 2d 891 ( per curiam) (reversing a

finding of abandonment based on a letter to the clerk of court requesting service on

defendants, which was not filed in the record). 

The supreme court has uniformly held that La. C. C.P. art. 561 is to be liberally

construed in favor ofmaintaining a plaintiffs suit. Because dismissal is the harshest

of remedies, any reasonable doubt about abandonment should be resolved in favor

ofallowing the prosecution ofthe claim and against dismissal for abandonment. The

intention of La. C.C.P. art. 561 is not to dismiss suits as abandoned based on

technicalities, but only those cases where plaintiffs inaction during the three- year

period has clearly demonstrated his abandonment of the case. For the purpose of

6
determining abandonment, the intent and substance of a party' s actions matter far

more than technical compliance. Louisiana Dep' t of Transp. and Development, 79

So.3d at 981- 82. 

Whether a step in the prosecution or defense of a case was taken in the trial

court within a period of three years is a question of fact subject to a manifest error

review on appeal. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP v. Louis, 2020-0717 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 5113121), 326 So.3d 904, 909. On the other hand, whether a particular act, if

proven, qualifies as a step in furtherance of the action and thereby precludes

abandonment is a question oflaw that we review by simply determining whether the

trial court' s interpretative decision is correct. Id. 

DISCUSSION

In sum, the plaintiffs argue on appeal that the trial court erred in denying their

motion to set aside the order of dismissal and in not considering the informal stay

between the parties, as well as the steps taken in the prosecution and defense in the

medical review panel proceeding. The evidence submitted by the plaintiffs in

support of their motion to set aside the order of dismissal includes an affidavit and

the testimony of the plaintiffs' attorney, Mr. Mouton, wherein he asserts that he

discussed an informal stay of this case with the defendants' attorney. The affidavit

of the plaintiffs' attorney, Mr. Mouton, references a letter sent by the defendants' 

attorney on August 13, 2020, which was submitted as an exhibit with the plaintiffs

motion. Also attached to the plaintiffs' motion is informal correspondence between

the plaintiffs' attorney and his staff about an " informal stay" for the case dated May

31, 2018. Therefore, the plaintiffs argue that this informal stay between the parties, 

and the acknowledgment by the attorney for the defendants that both cases were

pending and should be consolidated, satisfied an exception to La. C. C.P. art. 561 and

that the defendants waived their right to assert an abandonment claim. 

7
This circuit has recognized that informal negotiations are not steps in the

prosecution. See Ellis v. Louisiana Casino Cruises, Inc., 2021- 0148 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 

10118121), 2021 WL 4843823 at * 5 ( unpublished).4 " Extrajudicial efforts," such as

informal correspondence between the parties, have uniformly been held to be

insufficient to constitute a step for purposes of interrupting abandonment. Id.; 

Burgess, Inc. v. Parish of St. Tamm, 2017- 0153 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 10125117), 233

So.3d 58, 68, writ denied, 2017-2179 (La. 2/ 23/ 18), 237 So.3d 515. See also Jackson

v. Moock, 2008- 1111 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12123108), 4 So.3d 840, 844- 45 ( finding that

informal discussions and correspondence scheduling depositions were insufficient

to constitute steps in the prosecution of an action); Miles v. Suzanne' s Caf6 & 

Catering_ Inc., 2011- 907 ( La. App. 5 Cir. 3/ 27/ 12), 91 So.3d 1107, 1111 ( finding

that informal requests for documents from a defendant do not constitute formal

discovery and are not steps in the prosecution ofthe action for purposes ofLa. C. C.P. 

art. 561). 

The record reveals that the defendants responded to the plaintiffs' discovery

request on September 11, 2018. Responding to discovery is a step in the

prosecution. La. C. C.P. art. 561( B); see Breaux v. Auto Zone, Inc., 2000- 1534 (La. 

App. 1 Cir. 12115100), 787 So. 2d 322, 326, (per curiam) writ denied, 2001- 0172 (La. 

3116101), 787 So.2d 316. The record establishes that the last step taken in the

prosecution of the suit was on September 11, 2018, when the defendants provided

discovery responses to the plaintiffs. Accordingly, unless there is a waiver or

interruption of the abandonment period, this case became abandoned on September

4 See also Food Perfect, Inc. v. United Fire & Casualty Co., 2012- 2492 ( La. 1/ 18/ 13), 106 So. 3d

107, 108 ( per curiam) ( the Supreme Court held that at most the parties engaged in informal

settlement negotiations when plaintiff met with a representative of defendant to determine ifthere

was any possibility of resolving the case and had several conversations with defendant' s

representatives following the meeting); Burton v. Salsbga' s Dodge City, Inc., 2012- 1999 ( La. 

App. 1 Cir. 6! 7113), 2013 WL 2488936, * 2 ( unpublished), writ denied, 2013- 1629 ( La. 10125/ 13), 

124 So. 3d 1099 ( an informal settlement offer made by defendant to settle based on certain

concessions on plaintiff' s part was not akin to an unconditional offer); 

8
12, 2021, because more than three years passed after the defendants sent their

discovery responses without any step being taken in the prosecution or defense of

this suit. 

However, in accordance with the well-recognized jurisprudence, we must

decide if any actions by the defendants' attorney constituted a recognized exception

or waiver of the abandonment rule. The question that this court must answer is

whether the defendants waived their right to assert abandonment by taking actions

inconsistent with an intent to treat the case as abandoned. See Louisiana Dep' t of

Trans.p. and Develo ment, 79 So.3d at 985. The unique facts of this case show that

the plaintiffs filed a medical malpractice case against Baton Rouge General Medical

Center -Bluebonnet, Robert Territo, M.D., Baharesh Binesh, M.D., Bayley Hubble, 

D.O., and Ramandeep Singh, M.D. in the 19"' Judicial District Court. Because these

defendants were not qualified healthcare providers under the Medical Malpractice

Act, La. R.S. 40: 1231. 1, et seq., the claims against these defendants did not have to

be presented to a medical review panel. Two doctors who were also involved in the

alleged medical malpractice, Dr. Karthik Reddy and Dr. Monte Thames, were

qualified under the Medical Malpractice Act and their cases had to be presented to a

medical review panel. According to the affidavit and testimony of the plaintiffs' 

attorney, Mr. Mouton, he and Mr. Remson, the defendants' attorney, worked on at

least six other similar cases where unqualified doctors were involved. In all of those

cases, the plaintiffs and the defendants operated under a joint informal agreement to

stay the suit filed against the defendants who were not qualified until completion of

the medical review panel process against the qualified doctors. In her opposition

affidavit, the defendants' attorney did not address nor deny the existence of the

informal stay agreement between Mr. Mouton and Mr. Remson.' In fact, no affidavit

5 The court recognizes the professional conduct of both Mr. Mouton and Mr. Remson in their

handling of this case. We note that the Louisiana Code of Professionalism contained in District

9
or testimony was offered by Mr. Remson to dispute any of the allegations of Mr. 

Mouton. 

A letter dated August 13, 2020, from Mr. Remson to Mr. Mouton was

introduced at the hearing, in which Mr. Remson acknowledged both the new lawsuit

Gina Moise et al vs. Karthik Redd M.D., Suit No: 697,648") as well as the preexisting lawsuit against the Baton Rouge General Medical Center -Bluebonnet, 

Robert Territo, M.D., Baharesh Binesh, M.D., Bayley Hubble, D.4., and

Ramandeep Singh, M.D., filed on February 9, 2018. In Mr. Remson' s August 13, 

2020 letter to Mr. Mouton, he stated: "[ u] pon review of both lawsuits, it would

probably be a good idea for you to consolidate the two ( 2) claims. Please let me

know if you are going to voluntarily consolidate the cases or, we will have to file a

Motion to do so." 

In accordance with the unique procedural posture of medical malpractice suits

and the different treatment of defendants depending upon their status as a qualified

or unqualified healthcare provider under the Medical Malpractice Act, we find that

the agreement between the attorneys to stay the first filed lawsuit was a defense

waiver ofthe right to assert abandonment. As evidenced by Mr. Remson' s letter to

Mr. Mouton on August 13, 2020, both Mr. Mouton and more importantly, Mr. 

Remson, clearly indicated that the parties were working together as professionals to

handle both cases in the most effective method to reduce the cost of litigation. 

Unlike most informal negotiations and correspondence that does not interrupt the

abandonment period, the informal agreement in this case had the laudable goal of

Court Rule 6.2 states that an attorney' s word is his bond. Further, District Court Rule 6.2 states

that attorneys " will cooperate with counsel and the court to reduce the cost of litigation — ," It is

apparent from the actions of the attorneys in this case that their " word was their bond" and the

informal agreement between the attorneys was intended to reduce the cost of litigation by limiting

the cost in the first filed suit until the completion of the medical malpractice review process and

the filing of the second lawsuit. At that time, Mr. Remson acknowledged in writing that the two

lawsuits should be consolidated. 

10
handling the malpractice cases in both a professional and a cost-saving method to

the clients. Clearly the abandonment statue is not meant to dismiss this type of

action. Therefore, we find that the letter of August 13, 2020, wherein the attorney

for the defendants acknowledged the two lawsuits and the need to consolidate the

cases, interrupted the abandonment period. The letter indicated to all parties the

intention to go forward with both actions in a consolidated lawsuit. As stated by the

Supreme Court in Louisiana De ' t of Transp. and Development, 79 So.3d at 985, 

requiring any action taken by a party that is alleged to be a step in the prosecution

or defense of the suit must appear in the court record is mistaken to the extent it

precludes actions made by defendants and known to all parties from constituting a

step in the prosecution or defense of an action sufficient to interrupt abandonment." 

Accordingly, we find that this case was not abandoned because the facts

appear to show a jurisprudential exception to the abandonment rule as mandated by

La. C. C.P. art. 561. See Louisiana Dep' t of Transp. and Development, 79 So.3d at

985. Specifically, the unique facts ofthis case show that the defendants waived their

right to assert abandonment by taking actions inconsistent with their intent to treat

this case as abandoned. Therefore, we reverse the April 7, 2022 judgment of the

trial court. 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the April 7, 2022 judgment of the trial court

denying the plaintiffs', Gina Moise, Robert Southard, Jr., and Kevin Southard' s, 

motion to set aside the order of dismissal is reversed. All costs of this appeal are

assessed to the defendants, Baton Rouge General Medical Center -Bluebonnet, 

Robert Territo, M.D., Baharesh Binesh, M.D., Bayley Hubble, D.O., and

Ramandeep Singh, M.D. 

REVERSED. 

11