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Home » Tobacco/Nicotine » Letter From the Director

# Tobacco/Nicotine

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## Letter From the Director

Tobacco use kills approximately 440,000 Americans each year, with one in every five U.S. deaths the result of smoking. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causes many diseases, and compromises smokers' health in general. Nicotine, a component of tobacco, is the primary reason that tobacco is addictive, although cigarette smoke contains many other dangerous chemicals, including tar, carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, nitrosamines, and more.

An improved overall understanding of addiction and of nicotine as an addictive drug has been instrumental in developing medications and behavioral treatments for tobacco addiction. For example, the nicotine patch and gum, now readily available at drugstores and supermarkets nationwide, have proven effective for smoking cessation when combined with behavioral therapy.

Advanced neuroimaging technologies make it possible for researchers to observe changes in brain function that result from smoking tobacco. Researchers are now also identifying genes that predispose people to tobacco addiction and predict their response to smoking cessation treatments. These findings—and many other recent research accomplishments—present unique opportunities to discover, develop, and disseminate new treatments for tobacco addiction, as well as scientifically based prevention programs to help curtail the public health burden that tobacco use represents.

We hope this *Research Report* will help readers understand the harmful effects of tobacco use and identify best practices for the prevention and treatment of tobacco addiction.

**Nora D. Volkow, M.D.***Director*	National Institute on Drug Abuse

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This page was last updated July 2012

## Contents

                    - Letter From the Director
                    - What Are the Extent and Impact of Tobacco Use?
                    - How Does Tobacco Deliver Its Effects?
                    - Is Nicotine Addictive?
                    - Are There Other Chemicals That May Contribute to Tobacco Addiction? 
                    - What Are the Medical Consequences of Tobacco Use?
                    - Are There Safe Tobacco Products?
                    - Tobacco Use and Comorbidity 
                    - Smoking and Pregnancy— What Are the Risks?
                    - Smoking and Adolescence
                    - Are There Gender Differences in Tobacco Smoking?
                    - Are There Effective Treatments for Tobacco Addiction? 
                    - New Frontiers in Tobacco Research
                    - Glossary
                    - References
                    - Where Can I Get Further Information About Tobacco/Nicotine?

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This series of reports simplifies the science of research findings for the educated lay public, legislators, educational groups, and practitioners. The series reports on research findings of national interest.

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