* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

MAR 28 2005

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

PARRISH WILKINS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

DENVER DEPARTMENT OF

SAFETY, and MANAGER,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 04-1244

(D.C. No. 04-MK-141 (BNB))

(D. Colo.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before SEYMOUR , McCONNELL , and TYMKOVICH , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
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Plaintiff Parrish Wilkins, proceeding pro se, filed this action under

42 U.S.C. § 1983, asserting claims of false arrest and malicious prosecution

against the Denver Department of Safety (a department of the city and county of

Denver, Colorado) and an unidentified manager. The district court dismissed the

case under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) for failure to state a legally cognizable claim. 

We affirm. 

For a number of years, Mr. Wilkins was involved in a neighborhood dispute

characterized by a cross-restraining order issued against both Mr. Wilkins and his

neighbor. Mr. Wilkins states that he was never at fault in their disagreements: it

was his neighbor who caused trouble. In fact, Mr. Wilkins says that he attempted

to mediate the dispute, but the neighbor refused to attend mediation sessions. The

police, however, always believed his neighbor’s version of events and enforced

the neighbor’s side of the restraining order. Each time the police were called, it

was Mr. Wilkins who was charged with threatening behavior. At one point, he

was arrested, jailed, and convicted of felony menacing. He had difficulties in jail

and, after that, he “sign[ed] the tickets of guilt” presented by the police because

he “was afraid to go to jail without his medication and supervision.”

Aplt. Br. at 1.

In this lawsuit, Mr. Wilkins charged that the arrests and prosecutions 

violated his civil rights. Following a hearing, the district court recognized that
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“Mr. Wilkins perceives that he has a problem and he would like to the Court to

resolve [it].” R., Doc. 13 at 10. Nevertheless, the court determined that it was

compelled to grant the motion filed by attorneys for the City and County of

Denver and dismissed the case without prejudice, under Federal Rule of

Procedure Rule 12(b)(6). 

The court provided several reasons for its ruling. First, Mr. Wilkins’

claims were too conclusory to survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. See Smith v. Plati,

258 F.3d 1167, 1176 (10th Cir. 2001). Second, Mr. Wilkins was attempting to

hold the named defendants liable for the acts of subordinates, but supervisors are 

liable under § 1983 only for personal participation or acquiescence in a

constitutional violation. See Winters v. Bd. of County Comm’rs , 4 F.3d 848, 855

(10th Cir. 1993). Third, he had not alleged sufficient facts to support a claim of

municipal liability, which requires the existence of a municipal custom or policy

and a direct causal link between the custom or policy and the violation alleged. 

See Jiron v. City of Lakewood, 392 F.3d 410, 419 (10th Cir. 2004). Fourth,

Mr. Wilkins cannot maintain a malicious prosecution claim under § 1983 without

showing that his criminal convictions were overturned. See Heck v. Humphrey,

512 U.S. 477, 486-487 (1994). 

We review the district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim de novo.

Felix v. Lucent Techs., Inc ., 387 F.3d 1146, 1153 (10th Cir. 2004). “Dismissal of
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a pro se complaint for failure to state a claim is proper only where it is obvious

that the plaintiff cannot prevail on the facts he has alleged and it would be futile

to give him an opportunity to amend.” Perkins v. Kansas Dep’t of Corrs .,

165 F.3d 803, 806 (10th Cir. 1999). We have liberally construed Mr. Wilkins’

complaint, accepting all well-pleaded facts as true and making all reasonable

inferences in favor of the plaintiff. See id. We agree with the district court that

Mr. Wilkins’ § 1983 complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be

granted and that dismissal without prejudice was the appropriate resolution of his

case.

Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court, for

substantially the same reasons given by the district court in its ruling of June 7,

2004. Mr. Wilkins’ request to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal is

GRANTED. 

Entered for the Court

Michael W. McConnell

Circuit Judge