# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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Jo hn T. Mos s

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el la nt

v.

Co riz on , Inc ., form erl y

kn own as C or rect io na l M ed ic al Serv ic es ; Ri ck Hall wor th
, Ch ie f Exe cu ti ve Offic er, Co riz on ; Kev in Bic e, Vice Pres id en t, Co riz on ; J M Co ur tn ey , Sen io r Vic e Pre si de nt , Cor iz on ; J ack Davi ds on , Chi ef Me di cal Offic er, Co riz on ; Pe ars on , Arka ns as Pri so n R eg io na l Di rect or , Cor iz on ; Dr. Ojiu go Iko
, Co riz on ; Ro la nd And ers on , For m er Ark an sa s R eg io na l Di rect or , ADC; J en ni fer McB rid e, Heal th Serv ic es Adm in is tra to r, Co riz on ; Co nn ie Hub ba rd , Nurs e, Co riz on ; Gl en n B ro wn, Di rect or of Nu rs in g, Co riz on ; Bu rn et t, Nu rs e, Co riz on ; Larry May, Chi ef Dep ut y Dire ct or , Arka ns as Depa rtment o f Co rrec ti on ; Wend y Kell ey , Depu ty of Heal th Serv ic es , Arka ns as Depa rtment o f Co rrec ti on ; Gra nt Harri s, Dep ut y

Dire ct or , Arka ns as Depa rtment o f Co rrec ti on ; J im m y Ban ks
, W ard en , Varn er Un it , ADC; Daryl Gol de n, Fo rm er As si st an t Warde n, Var ne r Uni t, ADC; Cla rk , Cap ta in , Varn er Un it , ADC; Bra dl ey , Lt., Varn er Un it , ADC; Barr ow, Lt., Varn er, Un it , ADC; Tat e, Sg t., Varn er, Un it , ADC; Yo un g, Sg t., Varn er, Un it , ADC; J . Mad de n, Sg t., Varn er, Un it , ADC; C. J on es , Sgt ., Varne r, Uni t, ADC; Gard ne r, Sg t., Varn er, Un it , ADC; Th om ps on , Sgt ., Varne r, Uni t, ADC; Tu rn er, Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Un it , ADC; Ra y fo rd , Cor rect io na l Offi cer, Var ne r Uni t, ADC; Po well , Cor rect io na l Offi cer, Var ne r Uni t, ADC; Kni gh t, Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Un it , ADC; S. Hu ds on , Cor rect io na l Offi cer, Varn er Un it , ADC; Au st in , Cor rect io na l Offi cer, Var ne r Uni t, ADC; Hud ge ns , Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Un it , ADC; Mo to n, Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Uni t, ADC; Sh or te r, Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Un it , ADC; An ge la Dob bs
, Co rrec ti on al Offic er, Varn er Un it , ADC; Lo ui s, Varn er Un it , ADC; Sh ab azz

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an ts - App el le es

__ __ __ __ __ __App eal fro m Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Eas te rn Dis tri ct of Ark an sa s - P in e Bl uf f

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Decem

be r 17 , 20 15 Fil ed : Fe br

ua ry 25 , 20 16 [Un pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re MUR PHY, BENTON, an d KELLY, Circ ui t J ud ge s.

__ __ __ __ __ __ PER CURI AM.

Jo hn T. Mo ss is im

pr is on ed at th e East Ark an sa s Reg io na l Uni t of th e Ark an sa s Dep art m en t of Co rrec ti on s. The Dep art m en t co nt ract s wit h Co riz on , LLC to pr ov id e pr is on ers wit h m ed ic al care

. Nur se Co nn ie Hub ba rd an d Dr. Ro la nd And ers on were

res po ns ib le for tre at in g M os s.

Mo ss su ffer s fro m Hep at it i s C

. In 20 08 , he un de rwen t a cl in ic al wor k- up to de te rm in e hi s el ig ib il it y fo r In te rfer on —a to xi c tre at m en t th at co m ba ts sym pt om s of Hep at it is C. He di d no t be gi n In te rfer on tre at m en ts , al le ge dl y du e in pa rt to hi s li ve r pr ob le m s an d in pa rt to Hub ba rd ’s refu sa l to fil l ou t th e ne ces sa ry pa pe rwo rk

. In Ju ne 2 00 9, Mo ss ha d by-pas s su rg ery, le av in g hi s he art to o weak to be gi n In te rfer o n tre at m en ts

. In 20 11 , do ct or s ag ai n co ns id ered Mo ss ’s el ig ib il it y fo r In te rfer on

.

1 Hub ba rd f

i l le d ou t a co ns ul t req ue st an d se nt th e ne ces sa ry pa pe rwo rk to Dr. And ers on for ap pr ov al . Mos s’s cl in ic al work -u p c on tra in di cat ed Int erfe ro n.

Afte r th e su rg ery, Mo ss ’s eject io n frac ti on —m eas ur in g th e he art ’s ab il it y to 1 pu m p bl oo d— was be twee n 15 an d 20

. An eject io n frac ti on be lo w 40 in di cat es he art fai lu re.

-2

-Mo ss fil ed two gr ie va nc es ab ou t hi s Hepat it is C tr eat m en t. T he fir st , fil ed in

20 08 , na m ed Co riz on

. The se co nd
, fil ed in 20 11 , na m ed Hub ba rd an d Dr. And ers on

. On Sep te m

be r 11 , 20 12 , Mo ss fil ed a § 19 83 act io n, al le gi ng de li be rat e in di ffer en ce to hi s se rio us m ed ic al ne ed s. The di st ric t co ur t di sm is se d th e c as e on su m m ary 2 jud gm en t, fin di ng (1 ) th e st at ut e of li m it at io ns ba rred cl ai m s fo r co nd uc t be fo re 20 09 , (2 ) Mo ss fai le d to ex ha us t hi s clai m ag ai ns t Cori zo n, and (3 ) Mo ss ’s cl ai m s aga in st Hub ba rd an d Dr. And ers on fai le d on th e m eri ts

. Su m m ary jud gm en t or de rs are

rev ie wed de no vo

. To rg es on v. Ci ty of Roc he st er , 64 3 F.3 d 10 31 , 10 42 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ) (en ba nc ). Havi ng juri sd ic ti on un de r 28 U.S.C. § 1 29 1, t hi s co ur t af fir m s.

St at e la w su pp li es th e li m it at io ns pe rio d fo r § 19 83 act i o n s

. Se e Mil le r v. No rr is , 24 7 F.3 d 73 6, 73 9 (8 th Ci r. 20 01 ). Ark an sa s im po se s a th ree- y ear st at ut e-o fli m it at i o ns on pe rs on al in jury cl ai m s. Ark

. Co de Ann

. § 16 -5 6- 10 5. Und er th e

co nt in ui ng -co ur se -o f-t reat m en t do ct rin e, a cau s e of act io n accr ue s “ at th e en d of a

co nt in uo us co ur se of m ed ic al tre at m en t fo r th e sa m e or rel at ed co nd it io n ev en if th e

ne gl ig en t act or om is si on ha s lo ng si nc e en de d.” La ne v. La ne , 7 52 S

. W. 2 d 2 5, 27 (Ark

. 19 88 ). The do ct rin e do es no t ap pl y “ to cl ai m s ba se d on si ng le
, is ol at ed act s of

ne gl ig en ce.” Pled

ge r v. Ca rr ic k
, 20 8 S.W .3d 10 0, 10 4 (Ark

. 20 05 ). It is un di sp ut ed th at Mo ss rece iv ed no tre at m en t or te st s fo r Hep at it is C be twee n 20 09 an d 20 11

. Acts be fo re 20 09 were no t pa rt of a co ur se of co nt in ui ng tre at m en t wit h act s in 20 11

. The di st ric t co ur t di d no t err in li m it in g Mo ss ’s de li be rat e in di ffer en ce cl ai m to act s

oc cu rri ng aft er Se pt em

be r 10 , 20 09

.

Pri so ne rs m

us t ex ha us t ad m in is tra ti ve rem ed ie s be fo re fil in g fed eral cl ai m s

. Se e 42 U.S.C. § 19 9 7e (a) (“ No act io n sh al l be br ou gh t wit h res pe ct to pr is on

co nd it io ns un de r se ct io n 19 83 of th is ti tl e, or an y ot he r Fed eral la w, by a pr is on er

Th e Hon or ab le Je ro m e T. Kearn ey , Uni te d St at es Mag is tra te Ju dg e fo r th e 2 East ern Dis tri ct of Ark an sa s, s it ti ng by con se nt of t he pa rti es pu rs ua nt to 28 U.S.C. § 6 36 (c).

-3

-co nf

in ed in an y jail
, pr is on , or ot he r co rrec ti on al faci li ty un ti l su ch ad m in is tra ti ve

rem ed ie s as are av ai la bl e are ex ha us te d.” ) ; Bo ot h v. Ch ur ne r , 53 2 U.S. 73 1, 74 1 (2 00 1) (“ Co ng res s ha s m an da te d ex ha us ti on cl earl y en ou gh
, reg ard le ss of th e rel ie f of fere d th ro ug h ad m in is tra ti ve pr oc ed ur es .”). To ex ha us t, pr is on ers m us t “ co m pl et e th e ad m in is tra ti ve rev ie w pr oc es s in acco rd a n ce wit h th e ap pl ic ab le pr oc ed ur al

ru le s— ru le s th at are de fin ed no t by t he PLRA, bu t by t he pr i s o n g r ie va nc e pr oc es s it se lf.” Jo ne s v. Boc k
, 54 9 U.S. 19 9, 2 1 8 ( 2 0 0 7 ) (in te rn al ci ta ti on om it te d)

. In Ark an sa s, a gr ie va nc e m

us t “ sp eci fic al ly na m e each in di vi du al in vo lv ed

. . . .” Bur ns

v. Eat on , 75 2 F.3 d 11 36, 1141 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 ), qu ot in g ADC Adm in is tra ti ve Dire ct iv e 09 -0 1. Bec au se Mo ss di d no t fil e a gr ie va nc e ag ai ns t Co riz on du rin g th e li m it at io ns pe rio d, h e fai le d t o e xh au st hi s ad m in is tra ti ve rem ed ie s fo r cl ai m s ag ai ns t Co riz on

.

Mo ss di d exh au st ad m in is tra ti ve rem ed ie s for o ne gri ev an ce, fi le d wi th in th e li m it at io ns pe rio d. It na m ed Hub ba rd an d Dr. And ers on an d se rv es as th e ba si s fo r hi s de li be rat e in di ffer en ce cl ai m ag ai ns t th em

. Deli be rat e in di ffer en ce to a pr is on er’s

se rio us m ed ic al ne ed s c o n s t i tu te s cru el an d un us ua l pu ni sh m en t in vi ol at io n of th e Eig ht h Am en dm en t. Est el le v. Gamb le
, 42 9 U.S. 97 , 1 0 4 (1 97 6)

. Deli be rat e in di ffer en ce req ui res a hi gh ly cu lp ab le st at e of m in d ap p r o a c h i ng act ua l in te nt

. Ch oa te v. Lo ck

h a r t , 7 F.3 d 13 70 , 13 74 (8 th Ci r. 19 93 ). “ Thu s, a co m pl ai nt th at a ph y si ci an ha s be en ne gl ig en t in di ag no si ng or tre at in g a m ed ic al co nd it io n do es no t
st at e a va li d cl ai m of m ed ic al m is tre at m en t un de r th e Eig ht h Am en dm en t.” Est el le
, 42 9 U.S. at 10 6. “ A pr is on of fic ia l is de li be rat el y in d i f f eren t if sh e ‘kno ws of an d di sr eg ard s’ a se rio us m ed ic al ne ed or a su bs ta nt ia l r i sk to an in m at e’s he al th or

sa fet y .” Nel

so n v . Cor re ct io na l Med . Ser vs

. , 5 83 F.3d 52 2, 5 29 (8t h C ir. 2 00 9) (en ba nc ), qu ot in g Fa rme r v. Br en na n , 51 1 U.S. 8 25 , 83 7 (1 99 4)

.

Reg ard in g th e al le ge d m is co nd uc t, Mo ss ’s o wn ex pe rt te st if i e d , “ My feel in g is th e de vi at io ns oc cu rred on ly in 20 08 up un ti l Ju ne of 20 09

. Anybo dy th at be cam e in vo lv ed aft er th at pe rio d of ti m e—o th er th an th e fact th at he ’s no t be in g tre at ed no w, whe n he pr ob ab ly sh ou ld be —d o n o t f a l l b el ow th e st an da rd of care .” Cl ai m s of

-4

-m is co nd uc t be fo re 20 09 are ba rred by th e st at ut e of li m it at io n s , a n d c la im s of

m is co nd uc t aft er th e fil in g of th is la wsu it ha ve no t be en ad m in is tra ti ve ly ex ha us te d. It i s un di sp ut ed th at be twee n 20 09 an d th e fil in g of th is su it , M os s was no t el ig ib le fo r In te rfer on tre at m en ts

.

The di st ric t co ur t di d no t err in di sm is si ng th e cl ai m s ag ai ns t Hub ba rd an d Dr. And ers on on th e m eri ts

.

* * * * * * *

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed

.

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