FAA-S-8081-23A 

U.S. Department with Changes 1 & 2 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration 

COMMERCIAL PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

for 

GLIDER 

November 2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
COMMERCIAL PILOT 

Practical Test Standards 

for 

GLIDER 

2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
FOREWORD 

The Commercial Pilot – Glider Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has 

been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to 

establish the standards for commercial pilot certification practical tests 

for the glider category. FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners 

shall conduct practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight 

instructors and applicants should find these standards helpful during 

training and when preparing for practical tests. 

/s/ 9/22/2006 

____________________________ 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division, AFS-600 

Flight Standards Service 
The following major enhancements were made to FAA-S-8081-23A. 

 The reference section has been updated to current FAA 

publications in use. 

 An abbreviation section has been added. 

 The “plan of action” is more thoroughly explained to include the 

requirement to use scenarios. 

 Practical test prerequisite requirements have been updated to 

current rules. 

 The list of Special Emphasis Items has been updated. 

 Unsatisfactory Performance has been clarified. 

 The use of Letters of Discontinuance has been described. 

 The requirement to evaluate the applicant’s Aeronautical 

Decision Making and Risk Management skills has been 

addressed. 

 The need for testing in Single-Pilot Resource Management has 

been addressed and clarified. 

 Reference to the metric system has been eliminated. 

 The body of the PTS has been updated to include 

airworthiness requirements, self-launch systems, visual 

signals, runway incursion avoidance, launches and landings, 

and slow flight. 
NOTE 

Material in FAA-S-8081-23A will be effective November 1, 2006. All 

previous editions of the Commercial Pilot - Glider Practical Test 

Standards will be obsolete as of this date. 
RECORD OF CHANGES 

Change 1—9/1/2010 

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

G. TASK: Aerotow – Abnormal Occurrences 

Q. TASK: Landings – Normal and Crosswind Landing 

 To clarify the intent, extent, and condition of the evaluation. 

Change 2—9/3/2014 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

 Added TASK B: Airworthiness Requirements and revised the 

lettering for all subsequent tasks. 

 Corrected the page numbering 
i (and ii) FAA-S-8081-23A

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 

 General Information ..................................................................... 1 

 Practical Test Standard Concept ................................................. 2 

 Practical Test Book Description ................................................... 2 

 Abbreviations ............................................................................... 3 

 Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ................................... 4 

 Special Emphasis Areas .............................................................. 5 

 Commercial Pilot – Glider Practical Test Prerequisites ............... 6 

 Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test ............... 6 

 Flight Instructors Responsibility ................................................... 7 

 Examiner Responsibility .............................................................. 7 

 Satisfactory Performance ............................................................ 8 

 Unsatisfactory Performance ........................................................ 8 

 Letter of Discontinuance .............................................................. 9 

 Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ................ 9 

Single-Pilot Resource Management .......................................... 10 

 Applicant’s Use of Checklists ..................................................... 10 

 Use of Distractions during Practical Tests ................................. 10 

 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls ......................................... 11 

CHECKLISTS: 

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ........................................... 1-i 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist ......................................... 1-iii 

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE......................................... 1-vii 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ............................................. 1-1 

 A. Certificates and Documents ........................................... 1-1 

 B. Airworthiness Requirements .......................................... 1-2 

 C. Weather Information ...................................................... 1-3 

 D. Operation of Systems .................................................... 1-4 

 E. Performance and Limitations ......................................... 1-5 

 F. Aeromedical Factors ...................................................... 1-6 

 II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES .............................................. 1-7 

 A. Assembly ...................................................................... 1-7 

 B. Ground Handling ........................................................... 1-7 

 C. Preflight Inspection ....................................................... 1-8 

 D. Cockpit Management ..................................................... 1-8 

 E. Visual Signals ................................................................ 1-8 
FAA-S-8081-23A ii

 III .. AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT OPERATIONS .................. 1-9

 A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals ............. 1-9 

 B. Traffic Patterns ............................................................. 1-10 

 C. Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, 

 Markings, and Lighting ................................................. 1-10 

 IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS .......................................... 1-11 

 AEROTOW

 A. Before Takeoff Check .................................................. 1-11 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff ................................... 1-11 

 C. Maintaining Tow Positions .......................................... 1-12 

 D. Slack Line ................................................................... 1-12 

 E. Boxing the Wake ......................................................... 1-13 

 F. Tow Release ............................................................... 1-13 

 G. Abnormal Occurrences ............................................... 1-13 

 GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH)

 H. Before Takeoff Check ................................................. 1-14 

 I. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff .................................... 1-14 

 J. Abnormal Occurrences ............................................... 1-15 

 SELF-LAUNCH

 K. Engine Starting ............................................................ 1-15 

 L. Taxiing ......................................................................... 1-16 

 M. Before Takeoff Check .................................................. 1-16 

 N. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................. 1-17 

 O. Engine Shutdown In Flight ........................................... 1-17 

 P. Abnormal Occurrences ................................................ 1-18 

 LANDINGS 

 Q. Normal and Crosswind Landing ................................... 1-18 

 R. Slips to Landing ........................................................... 1-19 

 S. Downwind Landing ....................................................... 1-19 

 V. PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS......................................... 1-20 

 A. Minimum Sink Airspeed ............................................... 1-20 

 B. Speed-To-Fly ............................................................... 1-20 
iii (and iv) FAA-S-8081-23A

 VI. SOARING TECHNIQUES ................................................. 1-21 

 A. Thermal Soaring .......................................................... 1-21 

 B. Ridge and Slope Soaring ............................................. 1-22 

 C. Wave Soaring .............................................................. 1-22 

 VII. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ...................................... 1-23 

 A. Straight Glides ............................................................. 1-23 

 B. Turns to Headings ....................................................... 1-23 

 C. Steep Turns ................................................................. 1-24 

 VIII. NAVIGATION .................................................................... 1-25 

 A. Flight Preparation and Planning................................... 1-25 

 B. National Airspace System ............................................ 1-26

 IX. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS .......................................... 1-27

 A. Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed ................. 1-27 

 B. Stall Recognition and Recovery .................................. 1-27 

 X. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .......................................... 1-28

 A. Simulated Off-Airport Landing...................................... 1-28 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ................... 1-28

 XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ......................................... 1-29 

 A. After-Landing and Securing ......................................... 1-29 
1 FAA-S-8081-23A 

INTRODUCTION

General Information

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard that shall 

be used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners1

 when 

conducting commercial pilot - glider practical tests. Flight instructors are 

expected to use this book when preparing applicants for practical tests. 

Applicants should be familiar with this book and refer to these standards 

during their training. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many industry participants who contributed their time and talent with the 

revision of these practical test standards. 

This practical test standard (PTS) book may be purchased from the 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), 

Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from GPO’s web site. 

http://bookstore.gpo.gov

This PTS is also available for download, in pdf format, from the Flight 

Standards Service web site. 

www.faa.gov

This PTS is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, 

Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, 

AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. 

Comments regarding this handbook should be sent, in e-mail form, to 

the following address. 

AFS630comments@faa.gov

1 The word “examiner” denotes either the FAA Inspector, FAA designated pilot 

examiner, or other authorized person who conducts the practical test.
FAA-S-8081-23A 2

Practical Test Standard Concept 

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 specifies 

the areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the 

applicant before the issuance of a commercial pilot certificate or rating. 

The CFRs provide the flexibility to permit the FAA to publish practical 

test standards containing the AREAS OF OPERATION and specific 

TASKs in which pilot competency must be demonstrated. The FAA will 

revise this PTS whenever it is determined that changes are needed in 

the interest of safety. Adherence to the provisions of the regulations 

and the practical test standards is mandatory for evaluation of 

commercial pilot applicants. 

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the commercial pilot - glider practical test 

standards. This includes the AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs for 

the issuance of an initial commercial pilot certificate and for the addition 

of category ratings to that certificate. 

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight 

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner may 

conduct the practical test in any sequence that results in a complete 

and efficient test; however, the ground portion of the practical test 

shall be accomplished before the flight portion.

TASKs are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in the standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed references. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 21 Certification Procedures for Products and Parts 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, 

Rebuilding, and Alteration

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors and 

Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 
3 FAA-S-8081-23A 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-13 Glider Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 21.17-2 Type Certification—Fixed-Wing Gliders 

(Sailplanes), including Powered Gliders 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards Required by 

14 CFR parts 61, 63, and 65 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground 

Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-134 General Aviation Controlled Flight into Terrain 

Awareness

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standards Traffic Patterns for 

Aeronautical Operations at Airports without 

Operating Control Towers 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen 

Others Pertinent Pilot’s Operating Handbooks 

(POH)/Glider Flight Manuals (GFM) 

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective 

includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. the conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and 

3. the acceptable standards of performance. 

Abbreviations 

14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

AC Advisory Circular 

ADM Aeronautical Decision Making 

ATC Air Traffic Control 

CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain 

CRM Cockpit Resource Management 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FSDO Flight Standards District Office 

GFM Glider Flight Manual 

GPO Government Printing Office 

LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations 

NAVAID Navigation Aid 
FAA-S-8081-23A 4

NOTAM Notice to Airmen 

NWS National Weather Service 

POH Pilot’s Operating Handbook 

PTS Practical Test Standard 

Use of the Practical Test Standards 

The practical test standards for commercial pilot - glider are designed to 

evaluate competency in both knowledge and skill. 

The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance with 

the appropriate practical test standards and the policies set forth in the 

INTRODUCTION. Applicants shall be evaluated in ALL TASKs included in 

the AREAS OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test standard 

(unless noted otherwise). 

An applicant who holds a commercial pilot certificate and is seeking an 

additional glider category rating, will be evaluated on at least the AREAS 

OF OPERATION and TASKs listed in the Additional Rating Task Table 

located on page 1-vii of this practical test standard. At the discretion of the 

examiner, an evaluation of the applicant’s competence in the remaining 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs may be conducted. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner shall develop a written 

“plan of action” for each practical test. The “plan of action” is a tool, for the 

sole use of the examiner, to be used in evaluating the applicant. The plan 

of action need not be grammatically correct or in any formal format. The 

plan of action must contain all of the required AREAS OF OPERATION 

and TASKs and any optional TASKs selected by the examiner. 

The “plan of action” shall incorporate one or more scenarios that will be 

used during the practical test. The examiner should try to include as 

many of the TASKs into the scenario portion of the test as possible, but 

maintain the flexibility to change due to unexpected situations as they arise 

and still result in an efficient and valid test. If the elements in one TASK 

have already been evaluated in another TASK, they need not be 

repeated. Any TASK selected for evaluation during a practical test 

shall be evaluated in its entirety. 

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this book. The 

examiner may change the sequence or combine TASKs with similar 

Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For 

example, Boxing the Wake may be combined with Maintaining Tow 

Positions. The examiner’s “plan of action” shall include the order and 

combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the applicant in a manner 

that will result in an efficient and valid test. 
5 FAA-S-8081-23A 

All TASKs in these practical test standards are required for the 

issuance of a commercial pilot – glider certificate, regardless of launch 

method, except for AREA OF OPERATION IV. Per the first Note in 

AREA OF OPERATION IV, the examiner must select the kind of 

launch, based on the applicant’s qualifications. In AREA OF 

OPERATION IV the kind of launch is shown in each TASK heading. 

When using the practical test standards, the examiner must evaluate 

the applicant's knowledge and skill in sufficient depth to determine that 

the standards of performance listed for all applicable TASKs are met. 

However, when a particular element is not appropriate to the glider, its 

equipment, or operational capability, that element may be omitted. 

Examples of these element exceptions would be gliders not equipped 

with variometers or total energy compensators, avionics, or electrical 

systems. 

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance of 

simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for 

simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local 

conditions, both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the 

test, as well as the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the 

aircraft used. If the procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, 

it is expected that the applicant shall simulate that portion of the 

maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft 

operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. positive exchange of the flight controls procedure; 

3. stall/spin awareness; 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence avoidance; 

6. LAHSO; 

7. runway incursion avoidance; 

8. CFIT; 

9. ADM and risk management; 

10. checklist usage; 

11. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

12. special use airspace (SUA); 

13. aviation security; and 

14. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will relate to the 

complete situation. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 6

Commercial Pilot – Glider Practical Test Prerequisites 

An applicant for a Commercial Pilot - Glider practical test is required by 

14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. be at least 18 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language; (If there is doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards). 

3. hold at least a private pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR 61; 

4. have passed the commercial pilot - glider knowledge test since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which the 

practical test is completed; 

5. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the prescribed aeronautical experience; 

6. present the Airman Knowledge Test Report, if required, at the 

time of application for the practical test; 

7. have a written endorsement from an authorized flight instructor 

certifying that the applicant has been given flight training in 

preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the 

date of application and is prepared to pass the practical test; 

and 

8. have a written endorsement from an authorized flight instructor 

certifying that the applicant has satisfactory knowledge of the 

subject area(s) in which a deficiency was indicated by the 

Airman Knowledge Test Report. 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test 

The commercial pilot - glider applicant is required by 14 CFR part 61 to 

provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the practical 

test. This section further requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, 

class, and type for the certificate and/or rating for which the 

applicant is applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR sections 61.45(c) and (e); and 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION 

appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating 

limitations which prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF 

OPERATION required for the practical test. 
7 FAA-S-8081-23A 

Flight Instructor Responsibility 

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

commercial pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within the 

appropriate practical test standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, 

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. 

Additionally, the flight instructor must certify that the applicant is able to 

perform safely as a commercial glider pilot and is competent to pass the 

required practical test. 

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for 

emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision 

avoidance, and runway incursion avoidance procedures. These areas are 

covered, in part, in AC 90-48, Pilot's Role in Collision Avoidance; FAA-H8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot's Handbook of 

Aeronautical Knowledge; and the Aeronautical Information Manual. 

Examiner Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for 

determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of 

knowledge and skill of each TASK within the appropriate practical test 

standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” 

portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process 

throughout the test. To avoid unnecessary distractions, oral questioning 

should be used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight 

portion of the practical test. 

Examiners shall test to the greatest extent practicable to the applicant’s 

correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts 

throughout the practical test. 

If the examiner determines that a TASK is incomplete, or the outcome 

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, 

or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest 

of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the 

repeating of an unsatisfactory TASK is permitted during the certification 

process. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall 

evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance 

procedures. 

The examiner may not assist the applicant in the management of the 

aircraft, radio communications, navigational equipment, and 

navigational charts. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 8

The examiner shall remain alert for other traffic at all times. The 

examiner shall use proper ATC terminology when simulating ATC 

clearances.

Satisfactory Performance 

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION for 

the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome of 

each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; and 

4. demonstrate sound judgment and ADM. 

Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

NOTE: The tolerances stated in this standard are intended to be used 

as a measurement of the applicant’s ability. They provide guidance for 

examiners to use in judging the applicant’s qualifications. The 

regulations governing the tolerances for operation under Visual Flight 

Rules are established in 14 CFR part 91. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY 

with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the 

applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and 

their associated TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the 

retest, and at the discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be reevaluated, including those previously passed. 

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for 

disqualification are: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques 

to clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 
9 FAA-S-8081-23A 

When a disapproval notice is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASKs not meeting the standard appropriate 

to the practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF OPERATION/TASKs 

not tested and the number of practical test failures shall be recorded. If 

the applicant fails the practical test because of a special emphasis area, 

the Notice of Disapproval shall indicate the associated TASK. For 

example, AREA OF OPERATION II, TASK C, Preflight Inspection, 

failure to inspect the glider using the appropriate checklist. 

Letter of Discontinuance

When a practical test is discontinued for reasons other than 

unsatisfactory performance (i.e., equipment failure, weather, or illness) 

FAA Form 8700-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, and, if 

applicable, the Airman Knowledge Test Report shall be returned to the 

applicant. The examiner at that time shall prepare, sign, and issue a 

Letter of Discontinuance to the applicant. The Letter of Discontinuance 

should identify the AREAS OF OPERATION and their associated 

TASKs of the practical test that were successfully completed. The 

applicant shall be advised that the Letter of Discontinuance shall be 

presented to the examiner when the practical test is resumed, and 

made part of the certification file. 

Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management 

The examiner shall evaluate the applicant’s ability throughout the 

practical test to use good aeronautical decision making procedures 

in order to evaluate risks. The examiner shall accomplish this 

requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate as many 

TASKs as possible to evaluate the applicant’s risk management in 

making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the examiner 

may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and 

performance planning. 

The applicant’s ability to utilize all the assets available in making a 

risk analysis to determine the safest course of action is essential for 

satisfactory performance. The scenarios should be realistic and 

within the capabilities of the aircraft used for the practical test. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 10

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL 

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are 

being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “...includes all 

other groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in 

decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to: tow operators, ground crew (such as 

wingwalkers), weather briefers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic 

controllers.” Pilot Resource Management is not a single TASK; it is a 

set of skill competencies that must be evident in all TASKs in this 

practical test standard as applied to single-pilot operation. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of 

an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK 

being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist, while accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be 

either unsafe or impracticable, especially in a single-pilot operation. In 

this case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning should be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions during Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the pilot's ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner shall 

cause a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test 

to evaluate the applicant's ability to divide attention while maintaining 

safe flight. 
11 FAA-S-8081-23A 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight, there must always be a clear understanding between 

pilots of who has control of the aircraft. Prior to flight, a briefing should 

be conducted that includes the procedure for the exchange of flight 

controls. A positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls 

between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly 

recommended. 

When one pilot wishes to give the other pilot control of the aircraft, he or 

she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The other pilot 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The 

first pilot again says “You have the flight controls.” When control is 

returned to the first pilot, follow the same procedure. A visual check is 

recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should 

never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 
1-i (and 1-ii) FAA-S-8081-23A

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

Commercial Pilot—Glider 

EXAMINER’S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

  Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

  Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Record of Airworthiness Inspections 

 Current Status of Applicable Airworthiness Directives 

  Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Glider Flight 

 Manual 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 

 Practical Test Standard 

  Current Aeronautical Charts 

  Computer and Plotter 

  Flight Plan Form 

  Flight Log Form 

  Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate 

 Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS 

  Identification - Photo/Signature ID 

  Pilot Certificate 

  Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or 

 Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if applicable) 

  Airman Test Report 

  Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

  Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 
1-iii (and 1-iv) FAA-S-8081-23A

Change 2 (9/3/2014) 

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

Commercial Pilot—Glider 

APPLICANT’S NAME _______________________________ 

LOCATION _______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME _______________________________________ 

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

 A. Certificates and Documents

 B. Airworthiness Requirements

 C. Weather Information

 D. Operation of Systems

 E. Performance and Limitations

 F. Aeromedical Factors

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

 A. Assembly

 B. Ground Handling

 C. Preflight Inspection

 D. Cockpit Management

 E. Visual Signals

III. AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT OPERATIONS 

 A. Radio Communications

 B. Traffic Patterns

 C. Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting

IV. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

AEROTOW 

 A. Before Takeoff Check

 B. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff

 C. Maintaining Tow Positions

 D. Slack Line

 E. Boxing the Wake

 F. Tow Release

 G. Abnormal Occurrences
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-iv

GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check

 I. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff

 J. Abnormal Occurrences

SELF-LAUNCH 

 K. Engine Starting

 L. Taxiing

 M. Before Takeoff Check

 N. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

 O. Engine Shutdown in Flight

 P. Abnormal Occurrences

LANDINGS 

 Q. Normal and Crosswind Landing

 R. Slips to Landing

 S. Downwind Landing

V. PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS 

 A. Minimum Sink Airspeed

 B. Speed-To-Fly

VI. SOARING TECHNIQUES 

 A. Thermal Soaring

 B. Ridge and Slope Soaring

 C. Wave Soaring 

VII. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

 A. Straight Glides

 B. Turns to Headings

 C. Steep Turns 

VIII. NAVIGATION 

 A. Flight Preparation and Planning

 B. National Airspace System
1-v (and 1-vi) FAA-S-8081-23A 

IX. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS 

 A. Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed

 B. Stall Recognition and Recovery

X. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

 A. Simulated Off-Airport Landing

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

 A. After-Landing and Securing
1-vii (and 1-viii) FAA-S-8081-23A 

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE 

ADDITION OF A GLIDER RATING TO AN EXISTING 

COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATE 

Required TASKS are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s) 

or an indication that all or none of the TASKS must be tested.

AREA 

OF 

OPERATION 

ASEL ASES AMEL AMES RH RG PL Balloon Airship 

I B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

B,C,D,

E 

II A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

A,B,C,

E 

ALL A,B,C,

E 

III B B B B B B B ALL B 

IV ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* ALL* 

V ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

VI ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

VII ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

VIII NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE A NONE 

IX ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

X ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

XI ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL 

*EXAMINER SHALL SELECT KIND OF LAUNCH BASED ON THE 

APPLICANT’S QUALIFICATIONS. 

LEGEND

ASEL Airplane Single-Engine Land 

ASES Airplane Single-Engine Sea 

AMEL Airplane Multiengine Land 

AMES Airplane Multiengine Sea 

RH Rotorcraft Helicopter 

RG Rotorcraft Gyroplane 

PL Powered Lift 
1-1 FAA-S-8081-23A 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario to evaluate TASKs C 

 and E. Real time weather or current weather should be used, as 

 available. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 21, 43, 61, 91; AC 61-65; FAA-H8083-1, FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/GFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

 the elements related to certificates and documents by: 

1. Explaining— 

a. commercial pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and 

recent flight experience requirements. 

b. medical fitness. 

c. pilot logbook or flight records. 

2. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness and registration certificates. 

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and 

POH/GFM. 

c. weight and balance data and equipment list. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-2

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 21, 43, 91; AC 21.17-2A; FAA-H-

 8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

 the elements related to airworthiness requirements by: 

a. Explaining— 

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR. 

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness 

of the glider with inoperative instruments and 

equipment. 

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special 

flight permit. 

b. Locating and explaining— 

a. airworthiness directives. 

b. compliance records. 

c. maintenance/inspection requirements. 

d. appropriate record keeping. 
1-3 FAA-S-8081-23A 

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION 

REFERENCES: AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAA-H-8083-13, FAAH-8083-25. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather 

information from various sources with emphasis on— 

a. use of weather reports, charts, and forecasts. 

b. significant weather prognostics. 

2. Exhibits knowledge of the relationship of the following factors to 

the lifting process— 

a. pressure and temperature lapse rates. 

b. atmospheric instability. 

c. thermal index and thermal production. 

d. cloud formation and identification. 

e. frontal weather. 

f. other lifting sources. 

3. Explains hazards associated with flight in the vicinity of 

 thunderstorms. 

4. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on 

 available weather information. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-4

 D. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; 

 POH/GFM. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the 

 operation of instruments and systems on the glider 

 provided for the practical test, by explaining at least 

 five (5) of the following systems— 

 

 a. magnetic compass. 

 b. yaw string or inclinometer. 

 c. airspeed indicator and altimeter. 

 d. variometer and total energy 

 compensators. 

 e. gyroscopic instruments. 

 f. electrical, including starting system for self- 

 launch. 

 g. landing gear and brakes. 

 h. avionics. 

 i. high-lift and drag devices. 

 j. oxygen equipment. 

 k. powerplant and propeller for self-launch. 

 l. fuel, oil and hydraulic for self-launch. 

 2. Correctly interprets information displayed on the 

 instruments. 
1-5 FAA-S-8081-23A 

E. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; 

 POH/GFM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

 performance and limitations by explaining the use of 

 charts, tables, and data to determine performance and 

 the adverse effects of exceeding limitations. 

 2. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance 

 charts, tables, and data. 

 3. Computes weight and balance. Determines if the 

 computed weight and center of gravity are within the 

 glider’s operating limitations and if the weight and center of 

 gravity will remain within limits during all phases of flight. 

 4. Explains the management of ballast and its effect on 

 performance. 

 5. Describes the effect of various atmospheric conditions on the 

 glider’s performance. 

 6. Explains the applicable performance speeds and their uses. 

 7. Describes the relationship between airspeeds and load 

 factors. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-6

F. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS 

REFERENCES: AIM; FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 60-22. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits 

 knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors 

 explaining: 

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective 

actions of at least four (4) of the following— 

a. hypoxia. 

b. hyperventilation. 

c. middle ear and sinus problems. 

d. spatial disorientation and illusions. 

e. motion sickness. 

f. carbon monoxide poisoning (self-launch). 

g. stress and fatigue. 

h. dehydration and heatstroke. 

 

 2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter 

 medications. 

 3. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives 

 upon a pilot or passenger in flight. 
1-7 FAA-S-8081-23A 

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY

NOTE: If, in the judgment of the examiner, the 

 demonstration of the glider assembly is impractical, 

 competency may be determined by oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to assembly 

 procedures. 

2. Selects a suitable assembly area and provides 

 sufficient crewmembers for assembly. 

3. Follows an appropriate checklist. 

4. Uses proper tools. 

5. Handles components properly. 

6. Cleans and lubricates parts, as appropriate. 

7. Accounts for all tools and parts at the completion of 

 assembly. 

8. Performs post-assembly inspection, including a 

 positive control check. 

B. TASK: GROUND HANDLING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground 

 handling procedures. 

2. Selects the appropriate ground handling procedures and 

 equipment for existing conditions. 

3. Determines the number of crewmembers needed. 

4. Handles the glider in a manner that will not result in damage 

 during movement. 

5. Secures the glider and controls, as necessary, in proper 

 position. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-8

 C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

preflight inspection, including which items must be 

 inspected, for what reasons, and how to detect possible 

 defects. 

2. Inspects the glider using the appropriate checklist. 

3. Verifies the glider is in condition for safe flight, notes any 

discrepancies, and determines if maintenance is 

 required. 

4. Inspects the launch equipment, including towline, tow 

hitches, weak links, and release mechanism. 

 D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

 REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 120-51; FAA-H-8083- 

 13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit 

 management procedures. 

 2. Organizes and arranges material and equipment in a 

 manner making items readily available. 

 3. Briefs passengers on the use of safety belts, shoulder 

 harnesses, and emergency procedures. 

 4. Utilizes all appropriate checklists. 

 E. TASK: VISUAL SIGNALS 

 REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerotow or 

ground tow visual signals, as appropriate. 

2. Uses, interprets, and responds to prelaunch, launch, 

 airborne, and emergency signals, as appropriate. 

3. For aerotow, exhibits knowledge of the elements related 

 to in-flight aerotow visual signals, both to and from the 

 towplane. 
1-9 FAA-S-8081-23A 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT 

 OPERATIONS

 A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT 

 SIGNALS 

 NOTE: If radio communications are impractical, competency 

 may be determined by oral testing. 

 REFERENCES: AFD; AIM; FAA-H-8083-25. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio 

 communications, radio failure, and ATC light 

 signals. 

 2. Selects appropriate frequencies for facilities to be 

 used. 

 3. Transmits using recommended phraseology. 

 4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies 

 with instructions. 

 5. Uses appropriate procedures for simulated radio 

 communications failure. 

 6. Interprets and complies with ATC light signals. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-10

 B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS

 REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AFD; AC 90-66; FAA-H- 

 8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic 

pattern procedures for gliders. 

2. Follows established traffic pattern procedures. 

3. Maintains awareness of other traffic in pattern. 

4. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, 

if necessary. 

5. Crosses designated points at appropriate altitudes, 

unless conditions make such action impractical 

6. Selects touchdown and stop points. 

7. Adjusts glidepath and track promptly to compensate for 

unexpected lift, sink, or changes in wind velocity. 

8. Makes smooth, coordinated turns with a bank angle not 

to exceed 45° when turning final approach. 

9. Adjusts flaps, spoilers, or dive brakes, as appropriate. 

10. Recognizes and makes appropriate corrections for the 

effect of wind. 

11. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

 C. TASK: AIRPORT, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, 

 MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING

 REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; NOTAMS; AFD; AIM; FAA-H- 

 8083-25. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport, 

runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway 

 incursion avoidance. 

2. Properly identifies, interprets, and complies with 

airport, runway, and taxiway signs, markings, and 

 lighting. 
1-11 FAA-S-8081-23A 

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS

NOTE: Examiner shall select kind of launch based on the 

 applicant’s qualifications. 

A. TASK: AEROTOW - BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

 takeoff check, including the reasons for checking the items, 

 and how to detect malfunctions. 

 2. Establishes a course of action with crewmembers, including 

 signals, speeds, wind, and emergency procedures. 

 3. Ensures that the glider is in safe operating condition. 

 4. Checks towline hookup and release mechanism, using the 

 appropriate hook for the type of launch conducted. 

 5. Ensures no conflict with traffic prior to takeoff. 

 6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

B. TASK: AEROTOW - NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

 knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

 testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

 crosswind takeoff, including configurations and tow positions. 

 2. Uses proper pre-launch signals for aerotow launch. 

 3. Lifts off at an appropriate airspeed. 

 4. Maintains proper position until towplane lifts off. 

 5. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction 

 throughout the takeoff. 

 6. Maintains proper alignment with the towplane. 

 7. Uses proper aerotow visual signals between the glider and 

 towplane, as appropriate. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-12

C. TASK: AEROTOW - MAINTAINING TOW POSITIONS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to high-tow 

(slightly above the wake) and low-tow (slightly below the 

 wake) positions during various phases of aerotow. 

2. Makes smooth and correct control applications to maintain 

vertical and lateral positions during high and low tow. 

3. Transitions from high- to low-tow position through the wake 

while maintaining positive control. 

4. Maintains proper tow position during turns. 

5. Uses aerotow visual signals as appropriate and as directed 

by the examiner. 

 

D. TASK: AEROTOW - SLACK LINE 

 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the 

causes, hazards, and corrections related to slack 

 line. 

2. Recognizes slack line and applies immediate, 

positive, and smooth corrective action to eliminate 

 slack line in various situations. 
1-13 FAA-S-8081-23A 

Change 1 (9/1/10) 

E. TASK: AEROTOW - BOXING THE WAKE 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to boxing the wake 

(maneuvering around the wake). 

2. Maneuvers the glider, while on tow, slightly outside the 

towplane’s wake in a rectangular, box-like pattern. 

3. Maintains proper control and coordination. 

F. TASK: AEROTOW - TOW RELEASE 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to tow release, 

 including related safety factors. 

2. Maintains high-tow position with normal towline tension. 

3. Clears the area before releasing the towline. 

4. Releases the towline and confirms release by observing the 

 towline. 

5. Makes level or climbing turn. 

G. TASK: AEROTOW - ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerotow abnormal 

occurrences, for various situations, such as— 

a. towplane power loss during takeoff. 

b. towline break. 

c. towplane power failure at altitude. 

d. glider release failure. 

e. glider and towplane release failure (oral only). 

f. canopy opening in flight. 

2. Demonstrates simulated aerotow abnormal occurrences as 

required by the examiner. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-14

H. TASK: GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) BEFORE 

 TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before 

 takeoff check, including the reasons for checking the 

 items, and how to detect malfunctions. 

2. Establishes a course of action with crewmembers, 

 including signals, speeds, wind direction, and emergency 

 procedures. 

3. Ensures glider is in safe operating condition. 

4. Checks towline hookup and release mechanism, using 

 the appropriate hook for the type of launch conducted. 

5. Ensures no conflict with traffic prior to takeoff. 

6. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable. 

I. TASK: GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) - NORMAL AND 

 CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's 

 knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

 testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

 normal and crosswind takeoff, including related 

 safety factors. 

 2. Uses proper signals for takeoff. 

 3. Maintains directional control during launch. 

 4. Lifts off at the proper airspeed. 

 5. Establishes proper initial climb pitch attitude. 

 6. Takes prompt action to correct high speed, low 

 speed, or porpoising. 

 7. Maintains proper ground track during climb. 

 8. Releases in proper manner and confirms 

 release. 
1-15 FAA-S-8081-23A 

 J. TASK: GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) - 

 ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

 ground tow abnormal occurrences for various 

 situations, such as— 

 a. overrunning the towline. 

 b. towline break. 

 c. inability to release towline. 

 d. over and under speeding. 

 e. porpoising. 

 f. canopy opening in flight. 

 2. Demonstrates simulated ground tow abnormal 

 occurrences, as required by the examiner. 

 K. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - ENGINE STARTING 

 REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

engine starting, including various atmospheric 

 conditions, and awareness of other persons and 

 property during start. 

2. Accomplishes recommended starting procedures. 

3. Completes appropriate checklists. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-16

L. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - TAXIING 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to 

taxiing, including the effect of wind during taxiing 

 and appropriate control positions. 

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the glider begins 

 moving. 

3. Positions flight controls properly, considering the wind. 

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes. 

5. Avoids other aircraft and hazards. 

6. Complies with signals. 

M. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff 

check, including the reasons for checking each item and to 

 detect malfunctions. 

2. Positions the glider properly considering other aircraft, wind, 

and surface conditions. 

3. Ensures engine temperatures and pressures are suitable for 

 run-up and takeoff. 

4. Accomplishes before takeoff checks and ensures the glider is 

in safe operating condition. 

5. Reviews airspeeds, takeoff distance, and emergency 

 procedures. 

6. Completes appropriate checklists. 
1-17 FAA-S-8081-23A 

N. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - NORMAL AND CROSSWIND 

 TAKEOFF AND CLIMB 

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s 

 knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral 

 testing. 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and 

crosswind takeoff and climb. 

2. Positions flight controls for existing wind conditions. 

3. Clears the area, taxies into takeoff position, and aligns the 

 glider for departure. 

4. Advances throttle smoothly to takeoff power. 

5. Rotates at recommended airspeed, and accelerates to 

appropriate climb speed, ±5 knots. 

6. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude, and 

then sets climb power. 

7. Completes appropriate checklists. 

O. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - ENGINE SHUTDOWN IN 

 FLIGHT 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine 

shutdown procedures in flight. 

2. Sets power for proper engine cooling. 

3. Establishes appropriate airspeed. 

4. Sets electrical equipment. 

5. Shuts down engine. 

6. Feathers or positions propeller and stows, as applicable. 

7. Selects proper static source, if applicable. 

8. Completes appropriate checklists. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-18

CHANGE 1 (9/1/10) 

P. TASK: SELF-LAUNCH - ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to self-launch 

 abnormal occurrences, for various situations, such as— 

 a. partial, complete power failure, and failure to gain restart. 

 b. fire or smoke. 

 c. electrical system malfunction. 

 d. low fuel pressure. 

 e. low oil pressure. 

 f. engine overheat. 

 g. canopy opening in flight. 

 h. engine restart in flight. 

2. Demonstrates simulated self-launch abnormal occurrences, as 

required by the examiner. 

Q. TASK: LANDINGS - NORMAL AND CROSSWIND LANDING

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's knowledge of 

crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 

 normal and crosswind approach and landing procedures. 

2. Adjusts flaps, spoilers, or dive brakes, as appropriate. 

3. Maintains recommended approach airspeed, ±5 knots. 

4. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the 

approach and landing. 

5. Makes smooth, timely, and positive control application during the 

roundout and touchdown. 

6. Touches down smoothly within the designated landing area, with no 

appreciable drift, and with the longitudinal axis aligned with the 

desired landing path, stopping short of and within 100 feet of a 

designated point. 

NOTE: The applicant shall touchdown and roll to a point designated by 

the examiner stopping within 100’ without rolling past the designated 

point. The point should be far enough away from the touchdown point 

that is should not require more than light-medium braking to come to a 

stop within the required distance. 

7. Maintains control during the after-landing roll. 

8. Completes appropriate checklists. 
1-19 FAA-S-8081-23A 

R. TASK: LANDINGS - SLIPS TO LANDING 

NOTE: The examiner will select one type of slip from the knowledge 

 area for demonstration. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to forward, side, 

and turning slips to landing, with and without the use of drag 

 devices. 

2. Recognizes the situation where a slip should be used to land 

in a desired area. 

3. Establishes a slip without the use of drag devices. 

4. Maintains the desired ground track. 

5. Maintains proper approach attitude. 

6. Makes smooth, proper, and positive control applications 

during recovery from the slip. 

7. Touches down smoothly within the designated landing area. 

S. TASK: LANDINGS - DOWNWIND LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to downwind 

landings, including safety related factors. 

2. Adjusts flaps, spoilers, or dive brakes, as appropriate. 

3. Maintains recommended approach airspeed, ±5 knots. 

4. Uses proper downwind landing procedures. 

5. Maintains proper directional control during 

 touchdown and rollout. 

6. Applies brake smoothly to bring glider to a stop. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-20

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE SPEEDS

 

A. TASK: MINIMUM SINK AIRSPEED 

 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aerodynamic 

 factors and use of minimum sink airspeed. 

2. Determines the minimum sink airspeed for a given situation 

 and maintains the selected speed, ±5 knots. 

 

B. TASK: SPEED-TO-FLY 

 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to speed-to-fly, 

and its uses. 

2. Determines the speed-to-fly for a given situation and 

maintains the airspeed, ±5 knots. 
1-21 FAA-S-8081-23A 

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: SOARING TECHNIQUES

NOTE: Due to varying geographical locations and atmospheric 

 conditions, the applicant may be asked to demonstrate at least one 

 of the following soaring TASKS most appropriate for the particular 

 location and existing conditions. If conditions do not permit a 

 demonstration of soaring skills, applicants will be expected to 

 demonstrate knowledge of the various types of soaring through oral 

 testing. 

A. TASK: THERMAL SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AC 00-6. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to thermal 

 soaring. 

2. Recognizes the indications of, and the presence of, a 

 thermal. 

3. Analyzes the thermal structure and determines the direction 

to turn to remain within the thermal. 

4. Exhibits coordinated control and planning when entering and 

maneuvering to remain within the thermal. 

5. Applies correct techniques to re-enter the thermal, if lift is 

 lost. 

6. Remains oriented to ground references, wind, and other 

 aircraft. 

7. Maintains proper airspeeds in and between thermals. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-22

B. TASK: RIDGE AND SLOPE SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AC 00-6. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ridge and slope 

 soaring. 

2. Recognizes terrain features and wind conditions, which 

 create orographic lift. 

3. Enters the area of lift properly. 

4. Estimates height and maintains a safe distance from the 

 terrain. 

5. Exhibits smooth, coordinated control, and planning to remain 

within the area of lift. 

6. Uses correct technique to re-enter the area of lift, if lift is lost. 

7. Remains oriented to ground references, wind, and other 

 aircraft. 

8. Uses proper procedures and techniques when crossing 

 ridges. 

9. Maintains proper airspeeds. 

C. TASK: WAVE SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AC 00-6. 

 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to wave soaring. 

2. Locates and enters the area of lift. 

3. Exhibits smooth, coordinated control, and planning to remain 

within the area of lift. 

4. Uses correct technique to re-enter the area of lift, if lift is lost. 

5. Remains oriented to ground references, wind, and other 

 aircraft. 

6. Recognizes and avoids areas of possible extreme 

 turbulence. 

7. Maintains proper airspeeds. 

8. Coordinates with ATC, as appropriate. 
1-23 FAA-S-8081-23A 

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

 A. TASK: STRAIGHT GLIDES 

 REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to straight 

 glides, including the relationship of pitch attitude and 

 airspeed. 

2. Tracks toward a prominent landmark at a specified 

 airspeed. 

3. Demonstrates the effect of flaps, spoilers, or dive 

brakes, if equipped, in relation to pitch attitude and 

 airspeed. 

4. Exhibits smooth, coordinated control, and planning. 

5. Maintains the specified heading, ±10°, and the specified 

 airspeed, ±5 knots. 

 B. TASK: TURNS TO HEADINGS 

 REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-13. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns to 

 headings, including the relationship of pitch attitude, bank 

 angle, and airspeed. 

2. Enters and maintains an appropriate rate of turn with 

 smooth, proper, and coordinated control applications. 

3. Maintains the desired airspeed, ±5 knots, and rolls out on 

 the specified heading, ±10°. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-24

C. TASK: STEEP TURNS 

 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep 

 turns, including load factor, effect on stall speed, and 

 overbanking tendency. 

2. Establishes the recommended entry airspeed. 

3. Enters a 720° turn maintaining a bank angle of 

 45°/±5°, with smooth and coordinated control 

 applications. 

4. Maintains desired airspeed, ±5 knots. 

5. Rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°. 
1-25 FAA-S-8081-23A 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION 

 NOTE: The applicant’s knowledge of this AREA OF 

 OPERATION will be evaluated through oral testing. 

 A. TASK: FLIGHT PREPARATION AND PLANNING 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; 

 AC 61-134. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to flight 

preparation and planning. 

2. Selects and uses current and appropriate aeronautical 

 charts. 

3. Plots a course and selects prominent en route 

 checkpoints. 

4. Constructs a flight profile to determine minimum flight 

altitude at go-ahead points. 

5. Explains method of using lift sources and speeds 

effectively within and between lift sources. 

6. Selects available landing area. 

7. Describes coordination procedures with ATC, as 

 appropriate. 

8. For self-launch, explains the factors affecting fuel 

consumption, range, and engine operations. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-26

 B. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, FAA-H-8083-25; 14 CFR part 

 91; AC 90-48; AIM. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of 

 the elements related to the National Airspace System by 

 explaining: 

1. Basic VFR weather minimums for all classes of airspace. 

2. Airspace classes and their dimensions, pilot certification 

requirements, and glider equipment requirements for the 

 following— 

 a. Class A. 

 b. Class B. 

 c. Class C. 

 d. Class D. 

 e. Class E. 

 f. Class G. 

 3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas. 
1-27 FAA-S-8081-23A 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING AT MINIMUM CONTROL AIRSPEED 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering 

 at minimum control airspeed, including flight characteristics 

 and controllability. 

 2. Establishes and maintains an airspeed at which any further 

 increase in angle of attack or load factor would result in a 

 stall in straight or turning flight. 

 3. Accomplishes coordinated flight with configuration(s) 

 specified by the examiner. 

 4. Adjusts the airspeed to avoid stalls in turbulent air or as 

 bank is increased. 

 5. Applies control inputs in a smooth and coordinated manner. 

 6. Uses proper procedures to avoid stalls when raising a 

 lowered wing. 

 7. Maintains heading, ±10°, during straight flight, and the 

 desired bank angle, ±5°, during turns. 

B. TASK: STALL RECOGNITION AND RECOVERY 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AC 61-67; Glider Flight 

 Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to stall 

 recognition and recovery, including the aerodynamic factors 

 and flight situations that may result in stalls, and the hazards 

 of stalling during uncoordinated flight. 

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the maneuver to be 

 completed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL. 

3. Establishes and maintains a pitch attitude that will result in a 

 stall during both straight and turning flight with and without 

 flaps, spoilers, or dive brakes, as appropriate. 

4. Maintains a bank angle of 15°/±5°, during turns. 

5. Recovers promptly at the first indication of buffeting or 

 rapid decay of control effectiveness. 

6. Uses smooth and coordinated control applications 

 throughout the maneuver. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-28

X. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

 

 A. TASK: SIMULATED OFF-AIRPORT LANDING 

 

 NOTE: This landing will be performed at an established 

 airport. 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

 1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 

 simulated off airport landing, including selection of 

 a suitable landing area and the procedures used to 

 accomplish an off-airport landing. 

 2. Performs a simulated off-airport landing without the 

 use of an altimeter. 

 B. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL 

 GEAR 

 REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

 Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits 

 knowledge of the elements related to emergency 

 equipment and survival gear, appropriate to the glider used 

 for the practical test, by describing: 

1. Location in the glider. 

2. Method of operation or use. 

3. Servicing and storage. 

4. Inspection, fitting, and use of parachutes. 

5. Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in 

various climates and over various types of terrain. 
1-29 FAA-S-8081-23A 

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: AFTER-LANDING AND SECURING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing 

and securing procedures, including local and ATC 

 operations, ramp safety, parking hand signals, shutdown (if 

 appropriate), securing, and postflight inspection. 

2. Selects a suitable parking area while considering wind and 

safety of nearby persons and property. 

3. Taxies to parking area and performs engine shutdown, if 

 applicable. 

4. Services the glider, if applicable. 

5. Secures the glider properly. 

6. Performs a satisfactory postflight inspection. 

7. Completes the prescribed checklist. 
FAA-S-8081-23A 1-30