AM 69-11 

OCCUPATIONS OF ACTIVE AIRMEN 

Charles F. Booze, Jr., M.A. 

Approved by Released by 

~~ P. 

~AM> v. SIEGEL, M.D. 

CHIEF, CiviL AEROMEDICAL INSTITUTE FEDERAL Am SuRGEON 

July 1969 

Department of Transportation 

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 

Office of Aviation Medicine 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

This study is :from the Civil Aeromedical Institute, Medical Statistical 

Section, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 

The author wishes to express his gratitude to Robert C. Duncan, Ph.D., 

o:f the University o:f Oklahoma Medical Center, :for his comments and suggestions. Appreciation is also extended to Theodore Dalbow, Shirley Dark, 

and Judy To berman :for their assistance in data accumulation and preparation 

o:f this study. 

The opinions and conclusions contained in this report are those o:f the 

author and should not be construed as reflecting the views or endorsement o:f 

the Federal Aviation Administration. 

Qualified requesters may obtain Aviation Medical Reports from Defense Documentation 

Center. The general public may purchase from Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and 

Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Pago 

I. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------- 1 

II. METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------------------------- 1 

A. The Problem Statement --------------------------------------------- 1 

B. Methods and Source Data ------------------------------------------- 1 

III. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ----------------------------------------- 2 

A. Sample Results -------------------------------..---------------------- 2 

B. Current Population Estimates by Occupation ------------------------- 3 

C. Occupational Comparison of Active Airmen and United States 

Population ----------------------------------------------------~--- 3 

IV. SUMMARY --------------------»--------------------------------------- 4 

APPENDIX A -------------------------------------------------------------- G 

APPENDIX B --------------------------------------------------------------- 8 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table Page 

I. Occupations of Sample Members ----------------------------------------- 3 

II. Type of Flying by Sample Members -------------------------------------- 3 

III. Current Population Estimates by Occupation -----------,-------------------- 4 

IV. Occupational Comparison of Active Airmen and United States Populations 

by Percent ----------------------------------------------------------- 4 

V. Confidence Intervals for the Major Occupation Group Proportions _________ 7 

OCCUPATIONS OF ACTIVE AIRMEN 

I. Introduction. 

Data concerning occupational prevalence in the 

active airman1 population has been a subject of 

interest to the agency and the aviation community for some time. The prevalence of certain 

occupations, aeronautical and other, in the active 

airman population has been the subject of much 

conjecture as regards the economic characteristics 

of the "average" general aviation airman, the 

primary type of flying engaged in by general 

aviation, i.e., business or pleasure, the status of 

aeronautical occupation manpower, and the impact of Federal Aid programs for aviation instruction and subsequent development of aeronautical occupation manpower. 

Analysis of general aviation accident experience with respect to selected professional categories has been the subject of intensive review 

during recent years and promises to be an area 

of continuing interest in the identification of 

factors related to accident proneness. 2 

This study is an effort to quantify occupational 

prevalence in the active airman population according to the broad categories utilized by the 

Bureau of the Census expanded somewhat by the 

requirements of this study. Occupational characteristics of the active airman population are 

compared to the occupational characteristics of 

the general population of the United States. 

Data are provided reflecting the primary type 

of flying engaged in by active airmen. 

These data, although broad in scope, provide 

valuable insight with respect to the several areas 

of interest mentioned above. 

1 A medically certified airman is considered "active" 

for a maximum of 25 months after his last FAA physical 

examination, i.e., regardless of the class of medical certificate issued, it is valid for third class purposes for a 

period of time up to 25 months. 

2

Physician Flight Accidents, AM 66-25, September 

1966, by S. R. Mohler, S. F. l<'reud, .J. E. Veregge, and 

E. L. Umberger. 

1 

II. Methodology. 

A. The Problem Statement. The estimation 

of occupational prevalence in the active airman 

population reduces to a multinominal sampling 

problem involving the estimation of population 

parameters for the following major occupation 

groups. 3 

1. Professional, technical and kindred workers, except aeronautical. 

2. Farmers and farm managers. 

3. Managers, officials, and proprietors, except 

farm. 

4. Clerical and kindred workers. 

5. Sales workers. 

6. Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers. 

7. Operatives and kindred workers. 

8. Private household workers. 

9. Service workers, except private household. 

10. Farm laborers and foremen. 

11. Laborers, except farm and mine. 

12. Students. 

13. Housewives. 

14. Unknown, retired, or none. 

15. Aeronautical occupations (civilian). 

B. Methods and Source Data. A systematic 

sampling procedure \vas utilized to extract sample 

members from the active airman population as 

defined by the Aeromedical Certification tape 

file as of July 1, 1968, and the fact that the airman was issued a medical certificate within the 

past 25 months.4 

3 Bureau of the Census major occupation groups expanded to include students, housewives, and to break 

out civilian aeronautical occupations. 

'The Aeromedical Certification active master tape file 

eontains the most recent record of an airman's medical 

application for certification. This tape includes applications issued, pending, denied, and short records of 

significant pathologies (link record) retained for future 

reference in the event the airman decides to again 

exercise his flying privileges. The latter is the only 

instance wherein a record is maintained on the Active 

Master Tape for a period greater than 3 years. 
From a population of 662,867 certified active 

airmen, 9,379 airman records were selected and 

extracted from the magnetic tape file for estimation of the proportions in the fifteen major occupation groups. Sample size was dictated by 

desired accuracy and the need to assure an appropriate usable error rate for the smaller proportions expected in some of the occupation groups. 

A previous study has indicated that class of 

medical certification issued is not indicative of 

occupational affiliation to the extent that stratification of the sample would be required. 5 The 

population was, therefore, treated as homogeneous 

with respect to sampling technique and the 

variable being measured. 

Occupations are classified by the Bureau of the 

Census, according to a system of 296 occupation 

categories. An occupation category consists of a 

group of related occupation titles which, in effect, 

define a particular field of work. The 296 categories are arranged and reported by the first 

eleven major groups outlined in II.A (plus a 

classification for "Occupation Not Reported") .

6 

The most recent applications submitted by the 

9,379 sample members were researched to obtain 

occupation and employer data as provided by the 

airman in items 10 and 12 of the FAA Form 

8500-8, "Application for Airman Medical Certificate or Airman Medical and Student Pilot 

Certificate".7 Responses by the airman were 

classified into one of the 15 major occupation 

groups by reference to the Alphabetical Index 

of Occupatiom and Industries-Bureau of the 

Oemus. 

Previous applications were referenced in some 

instances when the occupational classification 

was not obvious from the most recent application 

or when the item was omitted by the airman in 

the completion of the most recent application. 

Primary type of flying (business or pleasure) 

was also obtained for each sample member from 

his response to item 14 of the FAA Form 8500-8. 

5 Usage of Combined Airman Certification by Active 

Airmen: An Active Airman Population Estimate, AM 

68-5, by C. F. Booze, Jr. 6 Alphabetical Index of Occupat,ions and Industries, 

Revised Edition, 1960 Census of Population, Bureau of 

the Census. Reference Appendix B for specific occupation categories included in the first 11 major occupation 

groups. 1 The original application is maintained by the Aeromedical Certification Branch for a minimum of 3 years. 

2 

Four responses were possible: (1) Business, (2) 

Pleasure, (3) Business and Pleasure, or (4) Not 

Indicated.8 

Certain limitations are inherent in this approach to estimating the occupational classifications in the population. First, given the time 

frame defined by the study, the classification is 

static and reflects only the occupational data 

available from the most recent application received from the airman. The data provided on 

the most recent application may be up to 25 

months old and, therefore, does not reflect "occupational mobility". Secondly, there is a natural tendency on the part of an individual to 

ascribe a more sophisticated title to his occupational affiliation when responding to any question 

dealing with his occupation. This tendency is 

partially accounted for by the Alphabetical Index 

of Occupatiom and Industries; however, no information is available to cross-check the "occupation" response, a characteristic usually built 

into a questionnaire designed specifically to 

measure such a response, e.g., description of 

duties, responsibilities, number of persons supervised, etc. 

As in most samples, nonresponse is a problem, 

however, not to the extent normally associated 

with a typical questionnaire sample directed to 

members of the population. As mentioned previously, when relevant data elements were 

omitted from source material, some recourse was 

available by reference to previous applications. 

No attempt was made to assign a classification 

other than "Unknown" to those few for which 

no data could be reasonably derived by methods 

previously described. 

Reference to Appendix A is recommended for 

a further detailed discussion of statistical 

methodology applied in this study. 

III. Findings and Discussion. 

A. Sample Results. Analysis and classification 

of the 9,379 sample members resulted in the 

summary of occupational prevalence for the 

sample shown in Table I. 

As indicated in the footnote to Table I, the 

"professional, technical and kindred group, except aeronautical" included 150 physicians and 

• Air Traffic Controllers were classified separately for 

"type of flying;' and included in a category "ATC 

Duties". 
Table I 

OCCUPATIONS OF SAMPLE MEMBERS 

Major Occupation Groups 

1. Professional, technical, and 

kindred workers, except 

aeronautical** ________________ 

2. Farmers and farm managers ___ 

3. Managers, officials, and 

proprietors, except farm ________ 

4. Clerical and kindred workers ___ 

5. Sales workers ________________ 

6. Craftsmen, foremen, and 

kindred workers***------------

7. Operatives and kindred 

workers ______________________ 

8. Private household workers _____ 

9. Service workers, except private household ____________________ 

10. Farm laborers and foremen ___ 

11. Laborers, except farm and 

mine ________________________ 

12. Students ___________________ 

13. Housewives _________ ----- __ -

14. Unknown, retired, or none ____ 

15. Aeronautical occupations (civilian) _____________________ 

TOTAL __________________ 

Sample Percent* 

Frequency 

1,721 18.35 

229 2.44 

1,155 12.31 

258 2.75 

556 5.93 

2,158 23.01 

368 3.92 

0 .00 

165 1. 76 

4 .04 

54 . 58 

910 9.70 

123 1. 31 

531 5.66 

1,147 12.23 

----

9,379 99. 99+ 

*Confidence intervals for the major occupation groups 

are provided in Appendix A (Table V). 

**Group 1 includes 150 physicians and dentists. 

***Group 6 includes 1,218 members of the armed 

forces (374 military pilots; 844 others). 

+Less than 100 percent due to rounding. 

Source: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Aeromedical 

Certification Branch, Medical Statistical Section. 

dentists (1.6%). The Alphabeticallndew of Occupations and Industries classifies members of 

the armed forces, regardless of occupational specialty, under the major group of "craftsmen, 

foremen, and kindred workers". The sample included 1,218 members of the armed forces, 374 

military pilots and 844 in other military occupational specialities ( 101 of the 844 were military 

air traffic controllers). 

Civilian airmen classified in "aeronautical occupations," to include pilots, co-pilots, flight 

engineers, flight navigators, air traffic controllers, 

and flight instructors, totaled 1,14 7 or 12.2 percent. Addition of the 37 4 military pilots and 101 

military air traffic controllers results in a total 

of 1,622 or 17.3 percent of the active airman 

3 

population classified in military or civilian aeronautical occupations. 

Type of flying engaged in by sample members 

was as shown in Table II. 

Table II 

'fYPE OF FLYING BY SAMPLE MEMBERS 

Type of Flying 

Business ______________________ _ 

Pleasure ______________________ _ 

Business and Pleasure __________ _ 

Not Indicated _________________ _ 

ATC Duties ___________________ _ 

TOTAL _________________ _ 

Sample 

Frequency 

2,231 

6,008 

456 

387 

297 

9,379 

Percent 

23.8 

64.0 

4.9 

4.1 

3.2 

100.0 

Source: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Aeromedical 

Certification Branch, Medical Statistical Section. 

Exclusion of those military and civilian sample 

members occupationally connected with aviation 

would leave approximately 15 percent from all 

other occupational categories who expressed interest in flying in connection with business activity, ("Business"-2,231; "Business and Pleasure"--456; and "ATC Duties"-297, less 1,622 

military and civilian airmeiJ. in aeronautical occupations, leaves 1,362 or 14.5% ). 

B. Current Population Estimates by Occupation.9 Extrapolation of sample results to the 

current active airman population as of January 

1, 1969, is presented in Table III. 

C. Occupational Comparison of Active Airmen 

and United States Populations. Modification of 

Table I is necessary in order to compare occupational prevalence in the active airman population 

with available data for the United States population. The last four groups of Table I are excluded for comparison purposes since summary 

data for the United States is in terms of employed persons and since the "aeronautical" oc-

• The reader is reminded that the prectswn of any 

estimate from a sample depends on statistical methodology and "sampling error" as defined in the sampling 

plan. Such estimates should thus be viewed as point 

estimates within an acceptable range of accuracy. Reference Appendix A for a further discussion of desired 

accuracy and confidence intervals. Further reference 

concerning "point estimates" is provided in Chapter 1 of 

Statistical Methods by George W. Snedecor. 
Table III 

CURRENT POPULATION ESTIMATES BY 

OCCUPATION 

January 1, 1969 

Major Occupation Groups 

1. Professional, technical, and kindred 

workers, except aeronauticaL __________ _ 

2. Farmers and farm managers __________ _ 

3. Managers, officials, and proprietors, 

except farm _________________________ _ 

4. Clerical and kindred workers __________ _ 

5. Sales workers _______________________ _ 

6. Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred 

workers _____________________________ _ 

7. Operatives and kindred workers _______ _ 

8. Private household workers ____________ _ 

9. Service workers, except private house- hold ________________________________ _ 

10. Farm laborers and foremen __________ _ 

11. Laborers, except farm and mine ______ _ 12. Students __________________________ _ 

13. Housewives ________________________ _ 

14. Unknown, retired, or none ___________ _ 

15. Aeronautical occupations (civilian) ____ _ 

TOTAL ________________________ _ 

Estimated 

Population 

Frequency 

125,541 

16,704 

84,250 

18,819 

40,557 

157,414 

26,843 

0 

12,035 

292 

3,939 

66,379 

8,972 

38,734 

83,667 

684,146 

Source: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Aeromedical 

Certification Branch, Medical Statistical Section. 

cupation group is normally classified under 

"professional and technical workers," (see Table 

IV). 

Predominance of "White Collar Workers" in 

the active airman population is obvious from 

Table IV. A considerable change in the percent 

distribution for "White Collar Workers" is apparent when civilian aeronautical occupations are 

excluded from Group 1. The exclusion of military aeronautical occupations from Group 6 does 

not have the same effect. "White Collar Workers" plus Craftsmen and Foremen from the "Blue 

Collar Workers" category make up 85-90 percent of the total active airman population regardless of whether "aeronautical occupations" 

are excluded. With the exception that White 

and Blue Collar Workers also comprise the majority of the United States population, comparisons of individual groups reflect considerable 

difference. 

4 

.Table IV 

OCCUPATIONAL COMPARISON OF ACTIVE 

AIRMEN AND UNITED STATES POPULATIONS 

BY PERCENT 

Total 

Active 

Major Occupation Airman 

Group Po pulation* 

(1) 

White Collar Workers_ 61.9 

Professional and 

technical workers_ 36.7 

Managers, officials, 

and proprietors _____ 14.8 

Clerical workers _____ 3.3 

Sales workers _______ 7.1 

Blue Collar Workers ___ 33.0 

Craftsmen and 

foremen __________ 27.6 

Operatives _________ 4.7 

Nonfarm laborers ___ 0.7 

Service Workers ______ 2.1 

Private household 

workers __________ 0.0 

Other service 

workers __________ 2.1 

Farm Workers ________ 2.9 

Farmers and farm 

managers ________ 2.9 

Farm laborers ______ 0.0+ 

TOTAL ________ 100.0 

1967 

United 

States 

Population** 

(2) 

48.8 

14.0 

11.0 

17.2 

6.6 

36.0 

13.9 

18.1 

4.0 

10.5 

1.4 

9.1 

4.7 

2.8 

1.9 

100.0 

Active 

Airman 

Population less 

Aeronautical 

Occupations*** 

(3) 

59.6 

27.8 

18.6 

4.2 

9.0 

34.0 

27.2 

5.9 

0.9 

2.7 

0.0 

2.7 

3.7 

3.7 

0.0+ 

100.0 

*Obtained by merging Group 15 with Group 1 and 

re-computing the percent distribution based on the new 

total realized by subtraction of none_mployed Groups 

12, 13, and 14 from 9,379. (9,379-910-123-531=7,815). 

**United States population data was obtained from 

the 1968 Statistical Abstract of the United States, Table 

No. 325, pp 226. 

***Obtained by subtracting civil and military aeronautical occupations in Groups 1 and 6 respectively 

from column 1 and re-computation of percent distribution 

based on the adjusted total of 6,193. 

Source: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Aeromedical 

Certification Branch, Medical Statistical Section. 

IV. Summary. 

The preceding analysis has served to grossly 

quantify occupational prevalence in the active 
airman population. The relative importance of 

the major groups "Craftsmen and Foremen" and 

"Students" is the most apparent deviation from 

empirical expectations. 

Three major groups comprise approximately 

80 percent of the active airman population when 

nonemployed categories are excluded (see Table 

IV). In order of relative importance they are: 

5 

Professional and Technical Workers; Craftsmen 

and Foremen; and Managers, Officials and Proprietors. The same three groups account for 

approximately 75 percent when "aeronautical occupations" are excluded. Approximately 15 

percent of all airmen in nonaeronautical categories expressed a business motivation for their 

interest in flying. 

.APPENDIX A 

Statistical Methodology 

I. General. 

As mentioned in the introductory remarks, the 

sampling problem in this study amounted to an 

estimation of 71-; for 15 major occupation groups 

. d . . f h n; d d v1a etermmatwn o p; w ere p; = --an n; en 

notes the observed frequencies in a major occupation group from a sample size of n. Estimates 

of 5?; for the 15 parameters provided t~e basis 

for the extrapolation of estimates for N; from 

the population N, where N; is the population 

equivalent of n;. 

II. The Multinomial Estimation Model. 

The following definitive relationships exist 

with respect to the study : 

n=n1 +n2+na+ ... n15 

Where, 

n1 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as professional, 

technical, and kindred workers, except aeronautical. 

n2 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as farmers and 

farm managers. 

n3=The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm. 

n4 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as clerical and 

kindred workers. 

n5 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as sales workers. 

n6 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers. 

n7 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as operative and 

kindred workers. 

7 

n8 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as private household workers. 

n9 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as service workers, except private household. 

n10 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as farm laborers 

and foremen. 

n11 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as laborers, except 

farm and mine. 

n12 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as students. 

n13 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as housewives. 

n14 =The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as unknown, retired, or none. 

n15 = The observed frequency of sample 

members classified as aeronautical occupation (civilian). 

Therefore, 

And, 

p;= ~=7?; (i=1,2, ... ,15) n 

/\ 

N; =7?; (N) (i=l, 2, ... , 15) 

III. Sample Size. 

Extracting from multinomial sampling theory 

as presented by Quesenberry and Hurst (1964) 10 

and Goodman (1965)1\ sample size was arrived 

at as follows : 

(p;-7r;}Z=A7r; (1-7r;)/n (i=l,2, ... ,15) 

10 Quesenberry, C. P., and Hurst, D. C. 1964. Large 

sample simultaneous confidence intervals for multinomial 

proportions. Technometrics, 6, 191-5. 

" Goodman, Leo A., On Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions, Technometrics, Vol. 

7, No.2, May 1965. 
Where, pi =ni/n and A equals the upper 

ax 100th percentile of the chi-square distribution 

with 14 degrees of freedom. 

Therefore, 

n= 

A 'lTi (1-'lTi) 

(pi -7l"i) 2 

Or substituting, 

n = _A---+p--'---i ___,_( 1_----c-'P'=--i-'---) 

(pi-7Ti)2 

Assuring adequate sample size for pi =0.01 

with a sampling error of -+-0.005 and a=0.05 

yields, 

- 23.685 (0.01) (0.99) 

n- (0.005) 2 

- 23.685 (0.0099) 

n- 0.000025 

n= 

0.2344815 

0.000025 

n=9,379.26 or 9,379 

This sample size results in a sampling error of 

-+-0.0251 (2.51%) when pi =0.50. 

~i =pi+ [A P~ (1-pi) ] 'h 

=0.50-+- [ 23.685 (0.50) (1-0.50)] 'h 

9,379 

=0.50-+- [ 23.685 (0.25)] 'h 

9,379 

[ 

5.92125 ] 'h =0.50-+-

9,379 

=0.50-+- [ 0.00063 l 'h 

=0.50-+- 0.0251 

The decision was made to assure an appropriate, usable error rate at the smaller Pi· This 

choice defines an increasing absolute error rate 

as the sample Pi increases but a decreasing relative error rate as sample Pi increases. The 2.51% 

sample error at Pi =0.50 is acceptable for purposes of this study. 

IV. Sample Design. 

Following a scheme of systematic sampling, 

every k th item was selected as dictated by the 

sample size and the population size. 

Therefore, 

k= _E_ = 662,

867 =70.68 or 70 

n 9,379 

From a table of random numbers, a starting 

point of 63 was selected within the interval 1-70. 

8 

Hence, starting with the 63rd certified active 

airman record on the tape file, every 70th record 

was selected for the sample, i.e., 63, 133, 203, 

273, etc. 

A systematic sampling plan was utilized in 

view of the economies to be realized in sampling 

from a sequential tape file, particularly since 

there is no reason to suspect the introduction of 

bias in this instance due to the alphabetic arrangement of the tape file.U 

V. Confidence Interval for the 'lTi• 

Utilizing the formula, 

"·-+-= .-+- [ A Pi (1-pi) ] v, 7!"1- PIn 

confidence intervals for the 'lTi (i=1, 2, ... 15) 

are as follows : 

Table V 

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR THE MAJOR 

OCCUPATION GROUP PROPORTIONS 

Major Occupation Group 

1. Professional, technical, 

and kindred workers, 

except aeronauticaL ______ _ 

2. Farmers and farm 

managers _______________ _ 

3. Managers, officials, and 

proprietors, except farm ___ _ 

4. Clerical and kindred 

workers _________________ _ 

5. Sales workers ___________ _ 

6. Craftsmen, foremen, and 

kindred workers __________ _ 

7. Operatives and kindred 

workers _________________ _ 

8. Private household 

workers _________________ _ 

9. Service workers, except 

private household ________ _ 

10. Farm laborers and 

foremen _________________ _ 

11. Laborers, except farm 

and mine ________________ _ 

12. Students ______________ _ 

13. Housewives ____________ _ 

14. Unknown, retired, or 

"-'lTi 

.1641 

.0166 

.1066 

. 0193 

.0474 

. 2089 

.0294 

. 0000 

.0110 

.0000 

.0020 

.0829 

.0074 

.1835 

. 0244 

.1231 

. 0275 

.0593 

. 2301 

.0392 

.0000 

.0176 

.0004 

.0058 

.0978 

. 0131 

. 2029 

. 0322 

.1396 

.0357 

.0712 

. 2513 

• 0490 

.0000 

.0242 

.0014 

.0096 

.1127 

.0188 

none_____________________ .0450 .0566 .0682 

15. Aeronautical occupations 

(civilian)_________________ .1058 .1223 .1388 

Source: Civil Aeromedical Institute, Aeromedical 

Certification Branch, Medical t:!tatist1cal ~ection. 

"Cochran, W. G., (1953), Sampling Techniques; John 

Wiley and Sons, New York, Second Edition, Chapter 8. 
APPENDIX B 

Occupation Groups 

1. Professional, Technical, and Kindred Workers 

Accountants and auditors 

Actors and actresses 

Architects 

Artists and art teachers 

Athletes 

Authors 

Chemists 

Chiropractors 

Clergymen 

College presidents, professors, and instructors (not 

elsewhere classified) 

College presidents and deans 

Professors and instructors, agricultural sciences 

Professors and instructors, biological sciences 

Professors and instructors, chemistry 

Professors and instructors, economics 

Professors and instructors, engineering 

Professors and instructors, geology and geophysics 

Professors and instructors, mathematics 

Professors and instructors, medical sciences 

Professors and instructors, physics 

Professors and instructors, psychology 

Professors and instructors, statistics 

Professors and instructors, natural sciences (not 

elsewhere classified) 

Professors and instructors, social sciences (not 

elsewhere classified) 

Professors and instructors, nonscientific subjects 

Professors and instructors, subject not specified 

Dancers and dancing teachers 

Dentists 

Designers 

Dietitians and nutritionists 

Draftsmen 

Editors and reporters 

Engineers, aeronautical 

Engineers, chemical 

Engineers, civil 

Engineers, electrical 

Engineers, industrial 

Engineers, mechanical 

Engineers, metallurgical, and metallurgists 

Engineers, mining 

Engineers, sales 

Engineers (not elsewhere classified) 

Entertainers (not elsewhere classified) 

Farm and home management advisors 

Foresters and conservationists 

Funeral directors and embalmers 

9 

Lawyers and judges 

Librarians 

Musicians and music teachers 

Natural scientists (not elsewhere classified) 

Agricultural scientists 

Biological scientists 

Geologists and geophysicists 

Mathematicians 

Physicists 

Miscellaneous natural scientists 

Nurses, professional 

Nurses, student professional 

Optometrists 

Osteopaths 

Personnel and labor relations workers 

Pharmacists 

Photographers 

Physicians and surgeons 

Public relations men and publicity writers 

Radio operators 

Recreation and group workers 

Religious workers 

Social and welfare workers, except group 

Social scientists 

Economists 

Psychologists 

Statisticians and actuaries 

Miscellaneous social scientists 

Sports instructors and officials 

Surveyors 

Teachers, elementary schools 

Teachers, secondary schools 

Teachers (not elsewhere classified) 

Technicians, medical and dental 

Technicians, electrical and electronic 

Technicians, other engineering and physical sciences 

Technicians (not elsewhere classified) 

Therapists and healers (not elsewhere classified) 

Veterinarians 

Professional, technical, and kindred workers (not 

elsewhere classified) 

2. Farmers and Farm Managers 

Farmers (owners and tenants) 

Farm managers 

3. Managers, Ojficial.s, and Proprietors, Except Farm 

Buyers and department heads, store 

Buyers and shippers, farm products 
Conductors, railroad 

Credit men 

Floor men and floor managers, store 

Inspectors, public administration 

Managers and superintendents, building 

Officers, pilots, pursers, and engineers, ship 

Officials and administrators (not elsewhere classified), 

public administration 

Officials, lodge, society, union, etc. 

Postmasters 

Purchasing agents and buyers (not elsewhere classified) 

Managers, officials, proprietors (not elsewhere classified) 

4. Clerical and Kindred Workers 

Agents (not elsewhere classified) 

Attendants and assistants, library 

Attendants, physician's and dentist's office 

Baggagemen, transportation 

Bank tellers 

Bookkeepers 

Cashiers 

Collectors, bill and account 

Dispatchers and starters, vehicle 

Express messengers and railway mail clerks 

File clerks 

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators 

Mail carriers 

Messengers and office boys 

Office machine operators 

Payroll and timekeeping clerks 

Postal clerks 

Receptionists 

Secretaries 

Shipping and receiving clerks 

Stenographers 

Stock clerks and storekeepers 

Telegraph messengers 

Telegraph operators 

Telephone operators 

Ticket, station, and express agents 

Typists 

Clerical and kindred workers (not elsewhere classified) 

5. Sales Workers 

Advertising agents and salesmen 

Auctioneers 

Demonstrators 

Hucksters and peddlers 

Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters 

Newsboys 

Real estate agents and brokers 

Stock and bond salesmen 

Salesmen and sales clerks (not elsewhere classified) 

6. Craft.smen, Foremen, and Kindred Workers 

Bakers 

Blacksmiths 

10 

Boilermakers 

Bookbinders 

Brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters 

Cabinetmakers 

Carpenters 

Cement and concrete finishers 

Compositors and typesetters 

Cranemen, derrickmen, and hoistmen 

Decorators and window dressers 

Electricians 

Electrotypers and sterotypers 

Engravers, except photoengravers 

Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators 

Foremen (not elsewhere classified) 

Forgemen and hammermen 

Furriers 

Glaziers 

Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers 

Inspectors, scalers, and graders, log and lumber 

Inspectors (not elsewhere classified) 

Jewelers, watchmakers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths 

Job setters, metal 

Linemen and servicemen, telegraph, telephone, and 

power 

Locomotive engineers 

Locomotive firemen 

Loom fixers 

Machinists 

Mechanics and repairmen, air conditioning, heating, 

and refrigeration 

Mechanics and repairmen, airplane 

Mechanics and repairmen, automobile 

Mechanics and repairmen, office machine 

Mechanics and repairmen, radio and television 

Mechanics and repairmen, railroad and car shop 

Mechanics and repairmen (not elsewhere classified) 

Millers, grain, flour, feed, etc. 

Millwrights 

Molders, metal 

Motion picture projectionists 

Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers 

Painters, construction and maintenance 

Paperhangers 

Pattern and model makers, except paper 

Photoengravers and lithographers 

Piano and organ tuners and repairmen 

Plasterers 

Plumbers and pipe fitters 

Pressmen and plate printers, printing 

Rollers and roll hands, metal 

Roofers and slaters 

Shoemakers and repairers, except factory 

Stationary engineers 

Stone cutters and stone carvers 

Structural metal workers 

Tailors and tailoresses 

Tinsmiths, coppersmiths, and sheet metal workers 

Toolmakers, and die makers and setters 

Upholsterers 
Craftsmen and kindred workers (not elsewhere classified) 

Members of the armed forces 

7. Operatives and Kindred Workers 

Apprentice auto mechanics 

Apprentice bricklayers and masons 

Apprentice carpenters 

Apprentice electricians 

Apprentice machinists and toolmakers 

Apprentice mechanics, except auto 

Apprentice plumbers and pipe fitters 

Apprentices, building trades (not elsewhere classified) 

Apprentices, metalworking trades (not elsewhere classified) 

Apprentices, printing trades 

Apprentices, other specified trades 

Apprentices, trade not specified 

Asbestos and insulation workers 

Assemblers 

Attendants, auto service and parking 

Blasters and powdermen 

Boatmen, canalmen, and lock keepers 

Brakemen, railroad 

Bus drivers 

Chairmen, rodmen, and axmen, surveying 

Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing 

Conductors, bus and street railway 

Deliverymen and routemen 

Dressmakers and seamstresses, except factory 

Dyers 

Filers, grinders, and polishers, metal 

Fruit, nut, and vegetable graders and packers, except 

factory 

Furnacemen, smeltermen, and pourers 

Graders and sorters, manufacturing 

Heaters, metal 

Knitters, loopers, and toppers, textile 

Laundry and dry cleaning operatives 

Meat cutters, except slaughter and packing house 

Milliners 

Mine operatives and laborers (not elsewhere classified) 

Motormen, mine, factory, logging camp, etc. 

Motormen, street, subway, and elevated railway 

Oilers and greasers, except auto 

Packers and wrappers (not elsewhere classified) 

Painters, except construction and maintenance 

Photographic process workers 

Power station operators 

Sailors and deck hands 

Sawyers 

Sewers and stitchers, manufacturing 

Spinners, textile 

Stationary firemen 

Switchmen, railroad 

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs 

Truck and tractor drivers 

Weavers, textile 

Welders and flame-cutters 

11 

Operatives and kindred workers (not elsewhere classified) 

8. Private Hou.sehold Workers 

Baby sitters, private household 

Housekeepers, private household 

Laundresses, private household 

Private household workers (not elsewhere classified) 

9. Service Workers, Except Private Household 

Attendants, hospital and other institutions 

Attendants, professional and personal service (not 

elsewhere classified) 

Attendants, recreation and amusement 

Barbers 

Bartenders 

Bootblacks· 

Boarding and lodging house keepers 

Chambermaids and maids, except private household 

Charwomen and cleaners 

Cooks, except private household 

Counter and fountain workers 

Elevator operators 

Hairdressers and cosmetologists 

Housekeepers and stewards, except private household 

.Janitors and sextons 

Kitchen workers (not elsewhere classified), except 

private household 

Midwives 

Porters 

Practical nurses 

Protective service workers 

Firemen, fire protection 

Guards, watchmen, doorkeepers 

Marshals and constables 

Policemen and detectives 

Sheriffs and bailiffs 

Watchmen (crossing) and bridge tenders 

Ushers, recreation and amusement 

Waiters and waitresses 

Service workers, except private household (not elsewhere classified) 

10. Farm Laborer.s and Foremen 

Farm foremen 

Farm laborers, wage workers 

Farm laborers, unpaid family workers 

Farm service laborers, self-employed 

11. Laborers, Emcept Farm and Mine 

Carpenters' helpers, except logging and mining 

Fishermen and oystermen 

Garage laborers, and car washers and greasers 

Gardeners, except farm, and groundkeepers 

Longshoremen and stevedores 

Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers 

Teamsters 

Truck drivers' helpers 

Warehousemen (not elsewhere classified) 

Laborers (not elsewhere classified) 
12. Students 

Highschool students 

College or university students 

13. Housewives 

Housewives 

Homemakers 

H. Unknown, Reti-red, or None 

Occupation not given 

Occupation unclassifiable 

Retired 

Unemployed 

12 

15. Aeronautical Occupation---(Oivilian) 

Pilot, scheduled and non-scheduled airlines only (includes captain, co-pilot, second officer, etc.) 

Flight engineer 

Flight navigator and flight radio operator 

Business or executive pilot 

Commercial pilot, self-employed 

Commercial pilot, not self-employed 

Aero application (agriculture) 

Air Traffic Controller 

Flight instructor