STATE 

STATUTES

Child Welfare Information Gateway

Children’s Bureau/ACYF

1250 Maryland Avenue, SW

Eighth Floor

Washington, DC 20024

800.394.3366

Email: info@childwelfare.gov

https://www.childwelfare.gov

Current Through 

February 2013

Making and Screening 

Reports of Child 

Abuse and Neglect

To find statute information for a 

particular State, go to

https://www.childwelfare.gov/

systemwide/laws_policies/state/ All 50 States, the District of Columbia, American 

Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto 

Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have laws and 

policies that specify procedures for making and 

responding to reports of suspected child abuse or 

neglect. Mandated reporters are required by States 

to make an immediate report when they suspect 

or know of abusive or neglectful situations.1

 In 20 

States, American Samoa, Guam, and Puerto Rico, a 

mandated reporter is required to submit a written 

1	 See	Child	Welfare	Information	Gateway’s	Mandatory Reporters of 

Child Abuse and Neglect,	https://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/

laws_policies/statutes/manda.cfm.		
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Content of 

Reports

Reporting 

Suspicious 

Deaths

report after he or she has made an oral report.2 In eight States, 

the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, a written 

report is required only when requested by the department or 

agency that received the initial report.3

Most States specify in statute the types of information that 

should be included in a report of suspected abuse or neglect. 

The reporter will be asked to provide as much information about 

the child’s situation as he or she can, including the names and 

addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons 

responsible for the child’s care, the child’s age, conditions in 

the child’s home environment, the nature and extent of the 

child’s injuries, and information about other children in the same 

environment.

Approximately 31 States, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern 

Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico provide for specific reporting 

procedures to be followed when the reporter suspects that 

child abuse or neglect may have caused the death of a child.4

Typically, the statutes instruct a mandatory reporter to report 

a suspicious child death to a medical examiner or coroner. 

For States that do not have specific reporting procedures 

for suspicious child deaths, standard child abuse reporting 

procedures apply. 

Reporting 

SubstanceExposed Infants

Mothers who use drugs or alcohol during their pregnancy 

may give birth to infants who show signs or symptoms of drug 

exposure. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment 

Act (CAPTA) requires States to have policies and procedures to 

2	 Alabama,	Arizona,	California,	Colorado,	Connecticut,	Hawaii,	Illinois,	Iowa,	Louisiana,	

Maryland,	Massachusetts,	Michigan,	Minnesota,	Mississippi,	Nebraska,	Nevada,	New	

York,	Pennsylvania,	Rhode	Island,	and	Washington.

3	 Georgia,	Kansas,	Kentucky,	Maine,	New	Hampshire,	North	Dakota,	Ohio,	and	West	

Virginia.

4	 The	word	approximately	is	used	to	stress	the	fact	that	States	frequently	amend	their	

laws.	This	information	is	current	through	February	2013.	The	31	States	that	provide	

procedures	for	reporting	suspicious	child	deaths	are	Arkansas,	California,	Colorado,	

Connecticut,	Florida,	Illinois,	Indiana,	Kansas,	Louisiana,	Maine,	Massachusetts,	Michigan,	

Minnesota,	Missouri,	Montana,	Nevada,	New	York,	North	Carolina,	Ohio,	Pennsylvania,	

Rhode	Island,	South	Carolina,	South	Dakota,	Tennessee,	Texas,	Utah,	Virginia,	

Washington,	West	Virginia,	Wisconsin,	and	Wyoming.
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address the needs of substance-exposed infants.5 Approximately 

21 States and the District of Columbia have specific reporting 

procedures for cases of suspected substance-exposed infants.6

In general, these statutes make drug exposure or a positive 

drug test alone the basis for reporting child abuse or neglect. 

Standard reporting procedures apply in those States that 

statutorily define infant drug exposure as child abuse and 

neglect but have no specific reporting procedures for substanceexposed infants.7

 

Agency 

Receiving the 

Reports

In all jurisdictions, the initial report may be made to either the 

child protective services (CPS) agency or a law enforcement 

agency. Laws in 20 States, the District of Columbia, Guam, 

and Puerto Rico require State agencies to maintain centralized 

telephone lines 24 hours a day, seven days a week for the 

acceptance of child maltreatment reports.8

 In practice, most 

States have statewide, toll-free numbers for accepting reports 

of maltreatment. In some States, reports may be made via the 

Internet.9

Initial 

Screening 

Decisions

The laws and policies in all jurisdictions specify procedures 

for the initial response required by the agencies receiving 

the reports. The ultimate purpose of the reporting system is 

to ensure the child’s safety and well-being.10 In most States, 

the agency that receives a report of suspected child abuse or 

neglect will first screen the report to determine whether it meets 

the criteria for acceptance. For acceptance, the report must 

concern actions that meet the statutory definition of child abuse 

5	 42	U.S.C.	5106a(b)(2)(B)(iii)	(2010).

6	 Alaska,	Arizona,	Arkansas,	California,	Illinois,	Iowa,	Kansas,	Kentucky,	Louisiana,	Maine,	

Massachusetts,	Michigan,	Minnesota,	Missouri,	Montana,	Nevada,	Oklahoma,	Utah,	

Virginia,	Washington,	and	West	Virginia.

7	 See	Information	Gateway’s	Parental Drug Use as Child Abuse,	https://www.childwelfare.

gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/drugexposed.cfm.

8	 Arizona,	Arkansas,	Connecticut,	Delaware,	Florida,	Idaho,	Illinois,	Indiana,	Iowa,	

Mississippi,	Montana,	Nebraska,	New	Jersey,	Oklahoma,	Pennsylvania,	Rhode	Island,	

South	Carolina,	Virginia,	West	Virginia,	and	Wyoming.

9	 For	a	State-by-State	listing	of	telephone	numbers	and	websites	for	making	reports,	

see	Information	Gateway’s	“State	Child	Abuse	Reporting	Numbers,”	https://www.

childwelfare.gov/pubs/reslist/rl_dsp.cfm?rs_id=5&rate_chno=W-00082.	

10	 For	an	overview	of	the	process,	see	Information	Gateway’s	How the Child Welfare 

System Works:	https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/cpswork.cfm.	
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

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or neglect in that State.11 Typically, this will involve situations 

of harm or threatened harm to a child committed by a parent, 

guardian, or other person responsible for the child’s care. 

Reports that do not meet the statutory criteria are screened out. 

Reports that meet the criteria are screened in and accepted for 

investigation, usually by the State CPS agency. The approaches 

used to screen reports vary from State to State, but nearly all 

States utilize a type of safety assessment to determine which 

reports require immediate responses. Approximately 37 States 

and the District of Columbia categorize reports based on the 

level of risk of harm to the child and assign different response 

times.12 Twenty-one States and the District of Columbia use 

differential response systems in which more serious cases are 

assigned to be investigated, and less serious cases are assigned 

to receive family assessments.13

Agency 

Conducting the

Assessment/

Investigation

Investigations may be conducted by the child protective agency 

(CPS), a law enforcement agency, or cooperatively by both 

agencies. In order to better coordinate the investigative process, 

five States and the District of Columbia use multidisciplinary 

teams.14 These teams typically include representatives from CPS, 

law enforcement, prosecutor’s offices, and health and mental 

health services who work to reduce trauma to child victims by 

avoiding the necessity of multiple interviews.

In approximately 19 States and the Virgin Islands, cases that 

involve physical or sexual abuse or possible criminal conduct 

may be investigated by a law enforcement agency.15 In 13 

States, reports are referred to law enforcement agencies when 

11	 See	Information	Gateway’s	Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect,	https://www.

childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/define.cfm.	

12	 Alabama,	Arizona,	Arkansas,	California,	Colorado,	Connecticut,	Florida,	Georgia,	

Idaho,	Illinois,	Indiana,	Kansas,	Kentucky,	Louisiana,	Maine,	Maryland,	Massachusetts,	

Minnesota,	Mississippi,	Missouri,	Montana,	Nevada,	New	Hampshire,	New	Jersey,	New	

Mexico,	North	Carolina,	North	Dakota,	Ohio,	Oklahoma,	Oregon,	Pennsylvania,	Rhode	

Island,	Tennessee,	Texas,	Utah,	West	Virginia,	and	Wyoming.	

13	 Arizona,	Colorado,	Connecticut,	Delaware,	Illinois, Kentucky,	Louisiana,	Maryland,	

Minnesota,	Missouri, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, 

Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

14	 Delaware,	Missouri,	Tennessee,	Utah,	and	Virginia.	In	the	District	of	Columbia,	use	of	

multidisciplinary	teams	is	required	only	for	sexual	abuse	cases.

15	 Alaska,	Florida,	Illinois,	Indiana,	Iowa,	Kansas,	Louisiana,	Maryland,	Massachusetts,	

Michigan,	Minnesota,	Mississippi,	New	Hampshire,	North	Carolina,	North	Dakota,	

Oklahoma,	South	Carolina,	Texas,	and	Wyoming.
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

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the alleged perpetrator is a person other than the parent or 

other caregiver.16 Most States also require cross-reporting 

among professional entities. Typically, reports are shared 

among social services agencies, law enforcement agencies, and 

prosecutors’ offices.17 

In States that have differential response systems in which 

less serious cases are assigned to family assessment, those 

assessments are conducted by CPS or other social services 

agencies . 

Assessment/

Investigation 

Procedures

The primary purpose of an investigation is the protection of the 

alleged victim child. The focus is on determining the nature, 

extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect and identifying 

the person responsible for the maltreatment. Elements of an 

investigation may include:

• A visit to the child’s home

• An interview or observation of the victim child

• Interviews or observation of other children living in the child’s 

home

• Risk and safety assessments

• Evaluation of the home environment

• Interviews of the child’s parents, caregivers, or other adults 

residing in the child’s home

• Checks of criminal records and central registry records for all 

adults residing in the home

• Medical and mental health evaluations

In States that offer a family assessment track, an assessment is 

conducted when the initial referral does not allege a serious or 

immediate risk of harm to the child. The assessment consists 

of many of the same elements as an investigation, but the 

focus is more on engaging the family to identify strengths and 

service needs and referring the family to community services 

16	 Alabama,	Alaska,	Colorado,	Connecticut,	Florida,	Iowa,	Kentucky,	Louisiana,	Michigan,	

New	Mexico,	Oklahoma,	Pennsylvania,	and	Texas.

17	 See	Information	Gateway’s	Cross-Reporting Among Responders to Child Abuse and 

Neglect,	https://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/xreporting.cfm.	
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that will reduce the risk of harm and improve family well-being. 

Acceptance of the services by the family is voluntary, and no 

finding of abuse or neglect is made. 

Timeframes for 

Completing 

Investigations

Classification 

of Reports

All States require CPS to initiate an investigation in a timely 

manner, generally within 72 hours. In addition, most States 

require investigations to be initiated immediately, in as little as 

2 hours and no longer than 24 hours, when there is reasonable 

cause to believe that a child is in imminent danger. In 27 

States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Northern 

Mariana Islands, laws also specify a timeframe for completing 

the investigation or assessment, generally between 30 and 60 

days.18

Following an investigation, a determination must be made as 

to whether or not child abuse or neglect has occurred and the 

identity of the person responsible for the maltreatment. Many 

States specify a system for classifying these findings. Generally, 

reports are “substantiated” when the investigation reveals that 

maltreatment did, in fact, occur. Other terms for substantiated 

include “founded,” “indicated,” or “confirmed.” In 15 States, 

the investigation must provide a “preponderance of evidence” 

before a report can be substantiated; that is, the evidence 

must show that it is more likely than not that the maltreatment 

occurred.19 Nine States and the District of Columbia require 

credible or substantial evidence for substantiation;20 six States 

will substantiate a report when there is probable or reasonable 

cause to believe that abuse or neglect has occurred.21 Kansas 

requires clear and convincing evidence for substantiation.

When the results of the investigation are unable to confirm the 

occurrence of abuse or neglect, a report may be classified as 

“unsubstantiated.” Other terms for unsubstantiated can include 

“unfounded,” “not indicated,” or “unconfirmed.”

18	 Alaska,	Colorado,	Connecticut,	Florida,	Georgia,	Hawaii,	Illinois,	Iowa,	Maryland,	

Massachusetts,	Michigan,	Minnesota,	Mississippi,	Missouri,	Montana,	New	Jersey,	

New	Mexico,	New	York,	North	Dakota,	Ohio,	Pennsylvania,	South	Carolina,	Tennessee,	

Vermont,	Virginia,	Washington,	and	Wisconsin.

19	 Arkansas,	California,	Colorado,	Georgia,	Idaho,	Kentucky,	Maine,	Michigan,	Rhode	

Island,	South	Carolina,	Texas,	Virginia,	Washington,	West	Virginia,	and	Wisconsin.

20	 Illinois,	Maryland,	Nebraska,	Nevada,	New	Mexico,	New	York,	Oklahoma,	Pennsylvania,	

and	Wyoming.

21	 Arizona,	Missouri,	New	Hampshire,	Oregon,	Utah,	and	Vermont.
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This publication is a product of the State Statutes Series 

prepared by Child Welfare Information Gateway. While every 

attempt has been made to be as complete as possible, 

additional information on these topics may be in other 

sections of a State’s code as well as agency regulations, case 

law, and informal practices and procedures. 

Suggested Citation:

Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2013). Making and 

screening reports of child abuse and neglect. Washington, 

DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 

Children’s Bureau.
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

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Alabama

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ala. Code § 26-14-3

All mandated reporters are required to immediately make an oral report when they know or suspect that a child is a 

victim of child abuse or neglect. The oral report shall be followed by a written report. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ala. Code § 26-14-5

The report shall contain, if known:

• The name and location of the child

• The names and addresses of the child’s parents, guardian, or caregivers

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries

• Any evidence of previous injuries

• Any other information that might establish the cause of the child’s injuries

• The identity of the person or persons alleged to be responsible for the child’s injuries

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ala. Code §§ 26-14-3; 26-14-1

Reports must be made to a duly constituted authority. A duly constituted authority includes: 

• The chief of police of a municipality or municipality and county

• The sheriff if the observation of child abuse or neglect is made in an unincorporated territory

• The Department of Human Resources (DHR)

• Any person, organization, corporation, group, or agency authorized and designated by DHR to receive reports of 

child abuse and neglect

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code r. 660-5-34-.04; 660-5-34-.10

Once a report has been received, it must be investigated, and the investigation is known by the department as the child 

abuse/neglect initial assessment.

The following criteria must be considered at intake when determining which reports will be investigated first: 

• The allegations in the report

• The seriousness of the incident(s)

• The child’s vulnerability (i.e., capacity for self-protection) and the potential risk of serious harm to the child

At the conclusion of the assessment, a decision regarding a family’s need for ongoing protective services shall be made. 

This decision may be to discontinue DHR services as no protective services are needed, to provide ongoing casework 

services, to initiate court action, or to make a referral to another agency for services. The decision is to be made with 

the parents’ or primary caregiver’s participation to the extent feasible. In any event, the parents or primary caregivers are 

entitled to an explanation of the action taken and the reasons for the action.
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ala. Code § 26-14-6.1

The duty and responsibility for the investigation of reports of suspected child abuse or neglect shall be as follows:

• Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect involving disciplinary or corporal punishment committed in a public 

or private school or kindergarten shall be investigated by law enforcement agencies.

• Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect committed in a State-operated child residential facility shall be 

investigated by law enforcement agencies.

• All other reports of suspected child abuse and neglect shall be investigated by the department.

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ala. Code § 26-14-7; Admin. Code r. 660-5-34-.04

The department shall make a thorough investigation promptly upon either the oral or written report. The primary 

purpose of such an investigation shall be the protection of the child. The investigation, to the extent that is reasonably 

possible, shall include: 

• The nature, extent, and cause of the child abuse or neglect

• The identity of the responsible person

• The names and conditions of other children in the home

• An evaluation of the parents or person responsible for the care of the child

• The home environment and the relationship of the child or children to the parents or other persons responsible for 

their care

• All other data deemed pertinent

The investigation may include a visit to the child’s home, an interview with the subject child, and may include a physical, 

psychological or psychiatric examination of any child or children in that home. If, before the examination is complete, the 

opinion of the investigators is that immediate removal is necessary to protect a child or children from further abuse or 

neglect, a court of competent jurisdiction, on petition by the investigators and with good cause being shown, shall issue 

an order for temporary removal and custody.

The county department shall make a complete written report of the investigation, together with its recommendations.

In regulation: All reports must be cleared through the central registry to determine whether there have been previous 

reports involving the children, their family members, and all persons allegedly responsible for abuse or neglect. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Admin. Code Ch. R 660-5-34-.04

The department’s response time is the timeframe within which in-person initial contact shall be made with the children 

who are allegedly abused or neglected (i.e., at risk of serious harm) and all other children in the home. The timeframes 

for completing investigations are:

• Child welfare staff shall respond immediately, i.e., as soon as possible after a report is received, but no later than 

12 hours from receipt of the intake information, when the intake information indicates serious harm will likely occur 

within 24 hours.

• For situations in which an immediate response is not required, child welfare staff shall respond as quickly as the 

intake information warrants but no later than 5 calendar days.

• Child welfare staff must make contact with all other children who live in the home of the reported child as soon as 

the intake information warrants, but no later than 15 calendar days.
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code r. 660-5-34-.07 

Upon completion of an assessment of a report, the worker must arrive at a disposition as to whether the child has 

experienced abuse or neglect and whether the person identified as responsible for the abuse or neglect actually was 

responsible for the abuse or neglect. The following dispositions are used by the department:

• Indicated: This disposition is used when a preponderance of the credible evidence and the professional judgment 

of the worker indicate that abuse or neglect has occurred.

• Unable to Complete: This disposition is used only when an assessment cannot be completed due to the worker 

being unable to secure the information needed to reach a disposition (e.g., family moves and their present 

whereabouts are unknown; a family that is reported can never be located due to lack of identifying information). 

• Not Indicated: This disposition is used when a preponderance of the credible evidence and professional judgment 

does not substantiate that abuse or neglect has occurred.

Alaska

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Alaska Stat. §§ 47.17.020; 47.17.023

Mandated reporters shall report immediately when they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child has suffered harm 

as a result of abuse or neglect.

A person providing, either privately or commercially, film, photo, or visual or printed matter processing, production, 

or finishing services or computer installation, repair, or other services, or Internet or cellular telephone services who, in 

the process of providing those services, observes a film, photo, picture, computer file, image, or other matter and has 

reasonable cause to suspect that it visually depicts a child engaged in sexual conduct described in § 11.41.455(a) shall 

immediately report the observation, including all information known about the nature and origin of the film, photo, 

picture, computer file, image, or other matter.

Content of Reports

Citation: Alaska Stat. § 47.17.025

The department’s written report shall include:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care, if 

known

• The age and sex of the child

• The nature and extent of harm to the child from abuse

• The name, age, and address of the person believed to be responsible for the harm to the child

• Information that may be helpful in establishing the identity of the person responsible for the abuse

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Alaska Stat. § 47.17.024

A practitioner of the healing arts involved in the delivery or care of an infant who the practitioner determines has been 

adversely affected by, or is withdrawing from exposure to, a controlled substance or alcohol shall immediately notify the 

nearest office of the department of the infant’s condition. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Alaska Stat. §§ 47.17.020; 47.17.023

Reports of suspected abuse or neglect must be made to the Department of Health and Social Services. If the reporter 

cannot reasonably contact the nearest office of the department and immediate action is necessary for the well-being of 

the child, he or she shall make the report to a peace officer. The peace officer shall immediately take action to protect 

the child and shall, at the earliest opportunity, notify the nearest office of the department.

A person reporting suspected child pornography shall make his or her report immediately to the nearest law 

enforcement agency.

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Alaska Stat. §§ 47.17.020; 47.17.025; 47.17.030

The department shall immediately notify the nearest law enforcement agency if the department: 

• Concludes that the harm was caused by a person who is not responsible for the child’s welfare

• Is unable to determine:

» Who caused the harm to the child 

» Whether the person who is believed to have caused the harm has responsibility for the child’s welfare

• Concludes that the report involves:

» Possible criminal conduct

» Abuse or neglect that results in the need for medical treatment of the child 

A law enforcement agency shall immediately notify the department of the receipt of a report of harm to a child from 

abuse. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Alaska Stat. § 47.17.030

The department may, upon receipt of the report, refer the matter to the appropriate health or social services agency if 

the child resides within the boundaries of a local government. For cases not referred to an agency of a local government, 

the department shall, for each report received, investigate and take action, in accordance with law, that may be 

necessary to prevent further harm to the child or to ensure the proper care and protection of the child.

A local government health or social services agency receiving a report of harm shall, for each report received, investigate 

and take action, in accordance with law, that may be necessary to prevent further harm to the child or to ensure the 

proper care and protection of the child. In addition, the agency receiving a report of harm shall forward a copy of its 

report of the investigation, including information the department requires by regulation, to the department. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Alaska Stat. § 47.17.033

In investigating child abuse and neglect reports, the department may inquire about the criminal records of the parents or 

of the alleged abuser, including about the existence of a criminal history record involving a serious offense.

The investigation shall be conducted by a person trained to conduct a child abuse and neglect investigation, without 

subjecting a child to more than one interview about the abuse or neglect except when new information is obtained that 

requires further information from the child.

An interview of a child may be audiotaped or videotaped. If the interview concerns a report of sexual abuse of the child 

by a parent or caregiver, the interview shall be videotaped unless videotaping the interview is not feasible or will, in the 

opinion of the investigating agency, result in trauma to the child.

An interview of a child that is audiotaped or videotaped shall be conducted by a person trained and competent to 

conduct the interview and, if available, at a child advocacy center.

An interview of a child may not be videotaped more than one time unless the interviewer or the investigating agency 

determines that one or more additional interviews are necessary to complete an investigation. If additional interviews are 

necessary, the additional interviews shall be conducted, to the extent possible, by the same interviewer who conducted 

the initial interview of the child.

During a joint investigation by the department and a law enforcement agency, the department shall coordinate an 

investigation of child abuse or neglect with the law enforcement agency to ensure that the possibility of a criminal charge 

is not compromised. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Alaska Stat. §§ 47.17.025

Upon receipt from any source of a report of harm to a child from abuse, the department shall notify the Department 

of Law and investigate the report and, within 72 hours of the receipt of the report, shall provide a written report of its 

investigation of the harm to a child from abuse to the Department of Law for review. 

Classification of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

American Samoa

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2002(a), (c)

Mandated reporters who have reasonable cause to know or suspect that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect 

shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to the child protection services (CPS) agency. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2010

The mandated reporter shall submit a written report that contains the following:

• The name, address, age, sex, religion, and race of the child

• The name and address of the person responsible for the child

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of previous abuse or neglect

• The names and addresses of the person or persons responsible for the abuse or neglect

• Family composition

• The name, address, and occupation of the person making the report

• Any action taken by the reporting source

• Any other information that might be helpful
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2003 

A mandated reporter who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect 

shall report immediately to the Department of Public Safety (department).

The department shall investigate and report its findings to the attorney general and the CPS agency. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2010

A report of known or suspected child abuse or neglect is immediately made to the department by a written report 

prepared by a mandated reporter, if so requested by the receiving CPS agency. The receiving agency will forward a copy 

of its own report to the central registry on forms supplied by the registry. If at any time a report of suspected child abuse 

or neglect is made to the CPS agency, the department must be notified. If a report of suspected child abuse or neglect 

is made to the department, the agency must be notified. Copies of the report of known or suspected child abuse or 

neglect are immediately transmitted by the receiving agency to the attorney general’s office and to the department. 

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2010

The CPS agency shall conduct the investigation. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2011

The primary purpose of the investigation is the protection of the child. The investigation shall include the nature, extent, 

and cause of the child abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect; the identity of the person responsible; the names and conditions 

of other children in the home; an evaluation of the parents or persons responsible for the care of the child; and all other 

pertinent data.

The investigation includes a visit to the child’s home, a physical and psychological or psychiatric evaluation of all children 

in the home, and an interview with the subject child. If the admission to the home, school, or any other place that the 

child may be, or permission of the parent or other persons responsible for the children for the physical and psychological 

or psychiatric evaluation cannot be obtained, then the court, upon cause shown, shall order the parents and persons 

responsible and in charge of any place where the child may be to allow entrance for the interview, evaluations, and 

investigations.

If, before the evaluation is complete, the opinion of the investigators is that immediate removal is necessary to protect 

children from further abuse or neglect, the court, on petition by the investigators and with good cause shown, shall issue 

an order for temporary removal and custody. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code § 45.2010

The CPS agency shall make a thorough investigation promptly upon receiving either the oral or the written report.

Classification of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Arizona

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 13-3620

Any mandated reporter who reasonably believes that a minor is the victim of abuse or neglect shall report immediately 

to a peace officer or child protective services (CPS) in the Department of Economic Security. The report may be made by 

telephone or in person and must be followed by a written report within 72 hours. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 13-3620

The reports shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the minor and the minor’s parents or the person having custody

• The minor’s age

• The nature and extent of any injuries or neglect, including any evidence of previous injuries or neglect

• Any other information that might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 13-3620

A health-care professional who, after a routine newborn physical assessment, believes that a newborn infant may be 

affected by the presence of alcohol or drugs shall immediately make a report to CPS. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 13-3620(H); Admin. Code § R6-5-5502

When reports are received by a peace officer, the officer shall immediately notify CPS. When CPS receives a report, it 

shall immediately notify a peace officer in the appropriate jurisdiction.

In regulation: The department operates a Child Abuse Hotline to receive and screen incoming communications. If a 

person calls, visits, or writes a department office other than the Child Abuse Hotline to report child maltreatment, the 

department shall refer the person or written communication to the hotline. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code §§ R6-5-5502; 5504; 5506

When the hotline receives a call, staff shall determine the type of alleged maltreatment, whether to classify the call as a 

report for investigation, and check the central registry for prior reports on the same persons.

If a call is screened in as a report, the hotline staff shall gather additional information using standardized questions, 

determine whether there are aggravating or mitigating factors, and assign each report a priority code. Staff shall enter 

the report into the central registry and immediately transmit the report to a local office.

Upon receipt of a report, a CPS unit supervisor shall assign the case for a field investigation, alternative investigation, or 

alternative response, such as referral to Family Builders. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Admin. Code § R6-5-5505

To comply with the priority response time, entities other than CPS, such as law enforcement or emergency personnel, 

may initially respond to a report. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Admin. Code §§ R6-5-5507; 5508

An alternative investigation consists of contact with a mandatory reporter who is currently involved with the family. The 

information will determine if the child and other children residing in the home are current victims of maltreatment or at 

risk of imminent harm. If results indicate that an alleged victim is at risk of harm, the case shall be immediately assigned 

for field investigation. 

When conducting a field investigation, a CPS specialist shall determine:

• The name, age, location, and current physical and mental condition of all children in the home of the alleged 

victim

• Whether any child in the home has suffered maltreatment

• Whether any child in the home is at risk of maltreatment in the future

A CPS specialist shall interview the alleged victim; the alleged victim’s caregiver who allegedly committed the abuse; 

other adults and children residing in the home; and other persons who may have relevant information, including the 

reporting source, medical personnel, relatives, neighbors, and school personnel. The CPS specialist also shall review 

available documentation including medical and psychiatric reports, police reports, school records, and prior CPS files or 

consult with law enforcement.

A CPS specialist may interview a child without prior parental consent under § 8-802(C)(2). A CPS specialist may exclude 

the alleged abuser from participating in an interview with the alleged victim, the alleged victim’s siblings, or other 

children residing in the alleged victim’s household.

Before interviewing a caregiver, a CPS specialist shall:

• Orally inform the caregiver of the rights and duties under § 8-803(B)

• Give the caregiver a written statement summarizing the same information

• Ask the caregiver to sign a written acknowledgment of receipt of the information

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code § 56-5-5505

Priority codes and initial response times are:

• Priority 1 High Risk:

» Standard Response: 2 hours

» Mitigated Response: 24 hours

• Priority 2 Moderate Risk:

» Standard Response: 48 hours

» Aggravated Response: 24 hours

» Mitigated Response: 72 hours

• Priority 3 Low Risk:

» Standard Response: 72 hours

» Aggravated Response: 48 hours

» Mitigated Response: 72 hours excluding weekends and Arizona State holidays 

• Priority 4 Potential Risk:

» Standard Response: 7 days

» Aggravated Response: 72 hours excluding weekends and Arizona State holidays

Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code. § R6-5-5510

After completing an investigation and considering the information listed in R6-5-5509, a CPS specialist shall 

unsubstantiate the allegations or make a proposed finding that the allegation is substantiated based on whether the CPS 

specialist finds probable cause to believe maltreatment occurred. 
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Arkansas

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code §§12-18-401; 12-18-402

A person may notify the child abuse hotline immediately if he or she:

• Has reasonable cause to suspect that child maltreatment has occurred or a child has died as a result of child 

maltreatment

• Observes a child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in child 

maltreatment

An individual listed as a mandated reporter shall notify the child abuse hotline immediately if he or she: 

• Has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been subjected to child maltreatment or died as a result of child 

maltreatment 

• Observes a child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in child 

maltreatment 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 12-18-303; 12-18-606 

For an investigation to commence, the report must contain sufficient information to identify and locate the child or the 

family.

An investigation shall seek to determine:

• The existence, cause, nature, and extent of the child maltreatment

• The existence and extent of previous injuries

• The identity of the person responsible for the child maltreatment

• The names and conditions of other children in the home

• The circumstances of the parents or caregivers of the child 

• The environment where the child resides

• The relationship of the child or children with the parents or caregivers

• All other pertinent data

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code §§12-18-401; 12-18-402

A person may notify the child abuse hotline immediately if he or she has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has 

died as a result of child maltreatment. A mandated reporter shall notify the child abuse hotline immediately if he or she 

has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of child maltreatment. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-310

All health-care providers involved in the delivery or care of infants shall:

• Contact the Department of Human Services regarding an infant born and affected with a fetal alcohol spectrum 

disorder

• Share all pertinent information, including health information, with the department regarding an infant born and 

affected with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

The department shall accept referrals, calls, and other communications from health-care providers involved in the 

delivery or care of infants born and affected with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The department shall develop a plan 

of safe care for infants affected with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-301

The child abuse hotline, a unit established within the Department of Human Services or its designee, shall receive and 

record reports under this chapter. All persons, whether a mandated reporter or not, may use the child abuse hotline to 

report child maltreatment or suspected child maltreatment. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-303

The child abuse hotline shall accept a report of child maltreatment or suspected child maltreatment if:

• The allegations, if true, would constitute child maltreatment as defined under this chapter.

• Sufficient identifying information is provided to identify and locate the child or the child’s family.

• The child or the child’s family is present in Arkansas or the incident occurred in Arkansas.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-602

The Department of Human Services shall cause an investigation to be made upon receiving initial notification of 

suspected child maltreatment. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 12-18-602; 12-18-605; 12-18-608

At the initial time of contact with the alleged offender, the person conducting the investigation shall advise the alleged 

offender of the allegations made against the alleged offender in a manner that is consistent with the laws protecting the 

rights of the person who made the report.

Upon initiation of the investigation, the primary focus of the investigation shall be whether or not the alleged offender 

has access to children and whether or not children are at risk and need to be protected.

An investigation of child maltreatment or suspected child maltreatment shall include interviews with:

• The child

• The parents, both custodial and noncustodial

• The alleged offender if neither parent is the alleged offender

• Any other relevant persons

A person conducting an investigation of a child victim shall have the discretion:

• In the child’s best interests, to limit the persons allowed to be present when a child is being interviewed 

concerning allegations of child maltreatment

• As it relates to the integrity of the investigation, to limit persons present during an interview

The interview with the child victim shall be conducted separate and apart from the alleged offender or any representative 

or attorney for the alleged offender.

If the age or abilities of the child victim render an interview impossible, the investigation shall include observation of the 

child. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-602

All investigations shall begin within 72 hours. However, the investigation shall begin within 24 hours if:

• The allegation is severe maltreatment, excluding an allegation of sexual abuse if the most recent allegation of 

sexual abuse was more than 1 year ago or the alleged victim does not currently have contact with the alleged 

offender.

• The allegation is that a child has been born with exposure to an illegal substance.
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 12-18-702

Upon completion of an investigation, the department shall determine whether the allegations of child maltreatment are:

• Unsubstantiated: An unsubstantiated determination shall be entered when the allegation is not supported by a 

preponderance of the evidence.

• True: A true determination shall be entered when the allegation is supported by a preponderance of the evidence.

• True but exempted, which means that the offender’s name shall not be placed in the child maltreatment central 

registry. This shall be entered if:

» A parent practicing his or her religious beliefs does not, for that reason alone, provide medical treatment for 

a child, but in lieu of treatment the child is being furnished with treatment by spiritual means alone, through 

prayer, in accordance with a recognized religious method of healing by an accredited practitioner.

» The offender is an underaged juvenile offender.

» The report was true for neglect, as defined under § 12-18-103(13)(B).

» The report was true for sexual abuse by an offender who is at least age 13 but younger than age 16, and the 

offender has not been adjudicated delinquent or has not pleaded guilty, nolo contendere, or been found guilty 

of an offense on the same set of facts as contained in the report.

• Inactive: If the investigation cannot be completed, the investigation shall be determined incomplete and placed in 

inactive status.

California

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Penal Code § 11166

A mandated reporter who knows or reasonably suspects that a child has been a victim of abuse or neglect shall make an 

initial report immediately by telephone and prepare and send, fax, or electronically transmit a follow-up written report 

within 36 hours.

Any commercial film and photographic print processor who has knowledge of or observes any film, photograph, 

videotape, negative, or slide depicting a child under age 16 engaged in an act of sexual conduct shall report the 

instance of suspected child abuse to the law enforcement agency immediately, or as soon as practicably possible, 

by telephone and shall prepare and send, fax, or electronically submit a written report of it with a copy of the film, 

photograph, videotape, negative, or slide attached within 36 hours.

Content of Reports

Citation: Penal Code § 11167(a)

Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect shall include:

• The name, business address, and telephone number of the mandated reporter

• The capacity that makes the person a mandated reporter

• The information that gave rise to the reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect and the source or sources of 

that information

If a report is made, the following information, if known, also shall be included in the report:

• The child’s name, address, present location, and, if applicable, school, grade, and class

• The names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the child’s parents or guardians

• The name, address, telephone number, and other relevant personal information about the person or persons who 

might have abused or neglected the child

The mandated reporter shall make a report even if some of this information is not known or is uncertain to him or her. 
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Penal Code §§ 11166; 11166.1

The agency shall be notified and a report prepared and sent, faxed, or electronically submitted even if the child has died, 

regardless of whether or not the possible abuse was a contributing factor to the death, and even if suspected child abuse 

was discovered during an autopsy.

The agency shall notify within 24 hours the licensing office that has jurisdiction over a facility when a child has died while 

living at or enrolled in that facility.

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Penal Code § 11165.13

A positive toxicology screen at the time of the delivery of an infant is not in and of itself a sufficient basis for reporting 

child abuse or neglect. However, any indication of maternal substance abuse shall lead to an assessment of the needs of 

the mother and child pursuant to § 123605 of the Health and Safety Code. If other factors are present that indicate risk 

to a child, then a report shall be made.

A report based on risk to a child that relates solely to the inability of the parent to provide the child with regular care 

due to the parent’s substance abuse shall be made only to a county welfare or probation department and not to a law 

enforcement agency. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Penal Code § 11165.9

Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect shall be made by mandated reporters, or in the case of reports of a child 

suffering from severe emotional damage [pursuant to § 11166.05], may be made, to any police department or sheriff’s 

department, not including a school district police or security department; county probation department, if designated 

by the county to receive mandated reports; or the county welfare department. Any of those agencies shall accept a 

report of suspected child abuse or neglect whether offered by a mandated reporter or another person, or referred by 

another agency, even if the agency to whom the report is being made lacks subject matter or geographical jurisdiction to 

investigate the reported case, unless the agency can immediately electronically transfer the call to an agency with proper 

jurisdiction.

When an agency takes a report about a case of suspected child abuse or neglect in which that agency lacks jurisdiction, 

the agency shall immediately refer the case by telephone, fax, or electronic transmission to an agency with proper 

jurisdiction. Agencies that are required to receive reports of suspected child abuse or neglect may not refuse to accept 

a report of suspected child abuse or neglect from a mandated reporter or another person unless otherwise authorized 

pursuant to this section and shall maintain a record of all reports received. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Welf. & Inst. Code § 16504; DSS Manual Ch. 31, § 105

An immediate in-person response shall be made by a county welfare department social worker in emergency situations. 

An in-person response is not required when the county welfare department, based upon an evaluation of risk, 

determines that an in-person response is not appropriate. An evaluation of risk includes collateral contacts, a review of 

previous referrals, and other relevant information.

In regulation: The decision whether or not an in-person investigation is needed shall include the following:

• The social worker has been able to locate the child and/or the family.

• There exists an open case and the problem is being adequately addressed.

• The allegation meets the legal definition of abuse, neglect, or exploitation.

• The caregiver of the child is the alleged perpetrator or was negligent in allowing, or unable to prevent, access to 

the child.

• The allegation includes specific acts and/or behavioral indicators that are suggestive of abuse, neglect, or 

exploitation.

• There is additional information from collateral contacts or records review that invalidates the reported allegation.

• There are previously investigated unsubstantiated or unfounded reports from the same reporter with no new 

allegations or risk factors.
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Welf. & Inst. Code § 16504

Any child reported to the county welfare department as endangered by abuse, neglect, or exploitation shall be eligible 

for initial intake and evaluation of risk services. Each county welfare department shall maintain and operate a 24-hour 

response system. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Penal Code § 11167; DSS Manual Ch. 31, § 125

At the time of the initial contact with the individual who is subject to the investigation, the agency shall advise the 

individual of the complaints or allegations against him or her in a manner that is consistent with laws protecting the 

identity of the reporter.

In regulation: The social worker initially investigating a referral shall determine the potential for or the existence of any 

conditions that place the child or any other child in the household at risk and in need of services. 

The social worker shall have in-person contact with all of the children alleged to be abused, neglected, or exploited, 

and at least one adult who has information regarding the allegations. If as a result of the investigation the social worker 

determines that the referral is unfounded, the social worker shall document the determination in the case record.

If as a result of the investigation the social worker does not find the referral to be unfounded, he or she shall: 

• Conduct an in-person investigation with: 

» All children present at the time of the initial in-person investigation

» All parents who have access to the children alleged to be at risk of abuse, neglect, or exploitation

• Make necessary collateral contacts with persons having knowledge of the condition of the children

A noncustodial parent shall be considered to have access if he or she has regular or frequent in-person contact with the 

children. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: DSS Manual Ch. 31, §§ 110, 115

If the social worker determines that an in-person investigation is necessary, he or she shall initiate the investigation 

immediately or within 10 calendar days, as appropriate. An immediate investigation is required when:

• There is evidence that the child is in imminent danger of physical pain, injury, disability, severe emotional harm, or 

death.

• The law enforcement agency making the referral states that the child is at immediate risk of abuse, neglect, or 

exploitation.

• The social worker determines that the child referred by the law enforcement agency is at immediate risk of abuse, 

neglect, or exploitation.

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Penal Code § 11165.12

Reports may be classified as follows:

• A report is unfounded when it is determined by the investigator who conducted the investigation to be false, to 

be inherently improbable, to involve an accidental injury, or not to constitute child abuse or neglect.

• A report is substantiated when it is determined by the investigator who conducted the investigation to constitute 

child abuse or neglect, as defined in § 11165.6, based upon evidence that makes it more likely than not that child 

abuse or neglect occurred. A substantiated report shall not include a report where the investigator who conducted 

the investigation found the report to be false, inherently improbable, to involve an accidental injury, or to not 

constitute child abuse or neglect.

• A report is inconclusive when it is determined by the investigator who conducted the investigation not to be 

unfounded, but the findings are inconclusive and there is insufficient evidence to determine whether child abuse 

or neglect has occurred.
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Colorado

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. §§ 19-3-304; 19-3-307 

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to know or suspect that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect 

or who has observed the child being subjected to circumstances or conditions that would reasonably result in abuse or 

neglect shall report immediately to the county department or a law enforcement agency. The reporter shall promptly 

follow up with a written report.

A film processor shall report any suspicion of sexual abuse to a law enforcement agency, immediately by telephone, and 

shall prepare and send a written report of it with a copy of the film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide attached 

within 36 hours of receiving the information concerning the incident. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-307

The county department shall submit a report of confirmed child abuse or neglect within 60 days of receipt of the report 

to the State department. The report, when possible, shall include the following information:

• The name, address, age, sex, and race of the child

• The name and address of the person responsible for the suspected abuse or neglect

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of previous cases of abuse or neglect of the 

child or the child’s siblings

• Family composition

• The source of the report, including the name, address, and occupation of the person making the report 

• Any action taken by the reporting source

• Any other information that might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-305; Code of Regs. 12 CCR 2509-3

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report that fact immediately to a local law enforcement agency and the appropriate medical examiner.

The county department shall forward a copy of such report to the State Department of Human Services. 

In regulation: The county department shall assess an incident of egregious abuse or neglect against a child, a near 

fatality, or a child fatality in intrafamilial and institutional settings in those cases in which:

• There is reason to know or suspect that abuse or neglect caused or contributed to the egregious abuse or neglect, 

a near fatality, or a fatality of a child.

• The cause of the incident of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatality, or fatality is unknown or the information 

given is not consistent with the degree or type of injury and/or subsequent death.

The county department shall coordinate with law enforcement, the district attorney’s office, the coroner’s office, and 

hospitals to ensure that prompt notification is made of an incident of egregious abuse or neglect, near fatality, or fatality 

of a child, that is suspicious for child abuse or neglect.

Assessments shall be coordinated with law enforcement. At a minimum in cases in which there are no surviving children, 

the county department shall provide law enforcement and the coroner with information related to any prior involvement 

with the child, the family, or the alleged perpetrator.

When there are surviving or noninjured children, the county department shall assess the condition of those children and 

take the action necessary to ensure their protection. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-308

The county department shall receive the reports of abuse or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-308; Code of Regs. 12 CCR 2509-3

The county department shall respond immediately upon receipt of any report of a known or suspected incident of 

intrafamilial abuse or neglect to assess the abuse involved and the appropriate response to the report. The assessment 

shall be in accordance with rules adopted by the State Board of Social Services to determine the risk of harm to such 

child and the appropriate response to such risks.

Appropriate responses shall include, but are not limited to, screening reports that do not require further investigation, 

providing appropriate intervention services, pursuing reports that require further investigation, and conducting 

immediate investigations. 

In regulation: The county department shall assign a referral for assessment and investigation if it: 

• Contains specific allegations of known or suspected abuse or neglect as defined in statutes and regulations 

• Provides sufficient information to locate the alleged victim

• Identifies a victim younger than age 18

A ‘known’ incident of abuse or neglect would involve those reports in which a child has been observed being subjected 

to circumstances or conditions that would reasonably result in abuse or neglect. ‘Suspected’ abuse or neglect would 

involve those reports that are made based on patterns of behavior, conditions, statements, or injuries that would lead to 

a reasonable belief that abuse or neglect has occurred or that there is a serious threat of harm to the child. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-308

The county department shall be the agency responsible for the coordination of all investigations of all reports of 

known or suspected incidents of intrafamilial abuse or neglect. The county department shall conduct the investigation 

in conjunction with the local law enforcement agency, to the extent a joint investigation is possible and deemed 

appropriate, and any other appropriate agency.

If a local law enforcement agency receives a report of a known or suspected incident of intrafamilial abuse or neglect, it 

shall attempt to contact the county department in order to refer the case for investigation. 

Local law enforcement agencies shall have the responsibility for the coordination and investigation of all reports of 

third-party abuse or neglect by persons age 10 or older. Upon receipt of a report, if the local law enforcement agency 

reasonably believes that the protection and safety of a child is at risk due to an act or omission on the part of persons 

responsible for the child’s care, that agency shall notify the county department of social services for an assessment 

regarding neglect or dependency. In addition, the local law enforcement agency shall refer to the county department 

of social services any report of third-party abuse or neglect in which the person allegedly responsible for such abuse or 

neglect is younger than age 10.
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 19-3-308

If a county department that is participating in the differential response pilot program determines from an assessment 

that the known or suspected incident of intrafamilial abuse or neglect that was the basis for the assessment is of low 

or moderate risk, the county department, in lieu of performing an investigation may proceed in accordance with the 

provisions of §19-3-308.3.

The investigation, to the extent that it is reasonably possible, shall include: 

• The credibility of the source or the report

• The nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect

• The identity of the person responsible for the abuse or neglect

• The names and conditions of any other children living in the same place

• The environment and the relationship of any children to the person responsible for the suspected abuse or neglect

• All other data deemed pertinent

The investigation shall include an interview with or observance of the child who is the subject of a report of abuse or 

neglect. The investigation may include a visit to the child’s place of residence, place of custody, or wherever the child 

may be located, as indicated by the report. In addition, in connection with any investigation, the alleged perpetrator 

shall be advised as to the allegation of abuse and neglect and the circumstances surrounding such allegation and shall 

be afforded an opportunity to respond.

Upon receipt of a report, if the county department reasonably believes that an incident of abuse or neglect has occurred, 

it shall immediately notify the local law enforcement agency responsible for investigation of violations of criminal child 

abuse laws. The local law enforcement agency may conduct an investigation to determine if a violation of any criminal 

child abuse law has occurred. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Code of Regs. 12 CCR 2509-3

The county department’s decision on how quickly to initiate an investigation is based on specific reported information 

that is credible and that indicates whether a child may be unsafe or at risk of harm. The county department shall assign 

priority in response time using the following criteria:

• Immediate and/or same day response is required when the report indicates that:

» Without immediate response, the child is in danger of moderate to severe harm.

» The child’s vulnerability or factors such as drug and alcohol abuse, violence, isolation, or risk of flight from one 

county to another county or State increase the need for immediate response.

• If the report is received after regular business hours, the timeframe is immediate and/or up to 8 hours.

• Response is required by the end of the third calendar day following receipt of the report when the report indicates 

that:

» Without a response within 3 days, the child is in danger of moderate to severe harm.

» Factors such as drug and alcohol abuse, violence, isolation, or risk of flight from one county to another county 

or State increase the need for intervention in the near future.

• Response is required within 5 working days from the date the report is received when the report indicates 

maltreatment or risk of maltreatment to a child and indicates an absence of safety concerns.

An investigation shall be completed within 30 calendar days of date the referral was received, unless there are 

circumstances that have prevented this from occurring. Such circumstances shall be documented in the department’s 

automated reporting system. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Code of Regs. 12 CCR 2509-3

Reports may be classified as follows:

• ‘Founded’: The child abuse or neglect investigation established that an incident of child abuse or neglect has 

occurred, by a preponderance of evidence.

• ‘Inconclusive’: There was some likelihood that abuse or neglect occurred but the child abuse or neglect 

investigation could not obtain the evidence necessary to make a founded report of child abuse or neglect.

Upon completion of an investigation, the county department shall consider a report founded if there is a preponderance 

of evidence to support that abuse occurred. 

Connecticut

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Gen. Stat. §§ 17a-101a; 17a-101b; 17a-101c; 17a-101h

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected shall make an oral 

report, by telephone or in person, not later than 12 hours after the reporter has cause to suspect. The report shall be 

made to the Commissioner of Children and Families or a law enforcement agency.

No later than 48 hours after making an oral report, a mandated reporter shall submit a written report to the 

Commissioner of Children and Families. When a mandated reporter is a member of the staff of a public or private 

institution or facility that provides care for the child or public or private school, the reporter also shall submit a copy 

of the written report to the person in charge of such institution, school, or facility. In the case of a report concerning a 

school employee holding a certificate, authorization, or permit issued by the State Board of Education, a copy of the 

written report also shall be sent by the Commissioner of Children and Families to the Commissioner of Education. In 

the case of an employee of a facility or institution that provides care for a child that is licensed by the State, a copy of 

the written report also shall be sent by the Commissioner of Children and Families to the executive head of the State 

licensing agency.

A person reporting child abuse or neglect shall provide any person authorized to conduct an investigation with all 

information related to the investigation that is in the possession or control of the reporter, except as expressly prohibited 

by State or Federal law.

Content of Reports

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 17a-101d

All oral and written reports shall contain, if known:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The age and gender of the child 

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, maltreatment, or neglect

• The approximate date and time the child’s injuries, maltreatment, or neglect occurred

• Any information about previous injuries or maltreatment to the child or the child’s siblings

• The circumstances in which the maltreatment came to be known to the reporter

• The name of the person suspected to be responsible for the maltreatment 

• The reasons the person is suspected of causing the maltreatment or neglect

• Any information concerning any prior cases in which the person has been suspected of causing an injury, 

maltreatment, or neglect of a child

• Whatever action, if any, was taken to assist the child

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 17a-101b

If the Commissioner of Children and Families receives a report that a child has died, the commissioner shall, within 12 

hours of receipt of the report, notify the appropriate law enforcement agency.
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 17a-103a

The Commissioner of Children and Families shall provide a telephone hotline for child abuse that shall be dedicated to 

receive reports of child abuse. The hotline shall accept all reports of abuse or neglect regardless of the relationship of the 

alleged perpetrator to the child who is the alleged victim and regardless of the alleged perpetrator’s affiliation with any 

organization or other entity in any capacity. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 17a-101g

Upon receiving a report of child abuse or neglect in which the alleged perpetrator is a person who is responsible for 

the child’s health, welfare, or care; given access to the child; or entrusted with the care of the child, the commissioner 

shall cause the report to be classified and evaluated immediately. If the report contains sufficient information to warrant 

an investigation, best efforts shall be made to commence an investigation of a report concerning an imminent risk of 

physical harm to a child or other emergency within 2 hours of receipt of the report and to commence an investigation of 

all other reports within 72 hours. 

A report classified by the commissioner as lower risk may be referred for family assessment and services. Any such report 

may thereafter be referred for standard child protective services if safety concerns for the child become evident. A report 

referred for standard child protective services may be referred for family assessment and services at any time if the 

department determines there is a lower risk to the child. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Gen. Stat. §§ 17a-101g; 17a-101h

The child protective services investigation shall be conducted by the Department of Children and Families. If the report 

is a report of child abuse or neglect in which the alleged perpetrator is not a person specified above, the commissioner 

shall refer the report to the appropriate local law enforcement authority. 

For reports classified as lower risk, the commissioner may establish a program of differential response whereby the report 

may be referred to appropriate community providers for family assessment and services without an investigation or at 

any time during an investigation, provided there has been an initial safety assessment of the circumstances of a family 

and child and criminal background checks have been performed on all adults involved in the report.

Any person authorized to conduct an investigation of abuse or neglect shall coordinate investigatory activities in order 

to minimize the number of interviews of any child and share information with other persons authorized to conduct an 

investigation of child abuse or neglect, as appropriate. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 17a-101g

The investigation shall include a home visit at which the child and any siblings are observed, if appropriate; a 

determination of the nature, extent, and cause or causes of the reported abuse or neglect; a determination of the 

person or persons suspected to be responsible for such abuse or neglect; the name, age, and condition of other children 

residing in the same household; and an evaluation of the parents and the home. The report of the investigation shall 

be in writing. The investigation also shall include, but not be limited to, a review of criminal conviction information 

concerning the person or persons alleged to be responsible for the abuse or neglect and previous allegations of abuse 

or neglect relating to the child or other children residing in the household or relating to family violence. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: State Agency Regs. § 17a-101(e)-4

Upon receipt of the report, the department shall make an initial assessment of the potential risk to the child and shall 

designate the report as:

• ‘Emergency,’ which will require same-day commencement of the investigation

• ‘Severe,’ which will require commencement of the investigation within the following day

• ‘Nonsevere,’ which will require commencement of the investigation within 3 working days

All investigations of reports will be completed within 45 calendar days.

Classification of Reports

Citation: State Agency Regs. § 17a-101(e)-4

The investigation is considered complete when the department staff have secured sufficient information through 

personal contact with the child, family, and/or other collateral sources (as appropriate) to:

• Determine whether the report is founded or unfounded

• Determine whether or not further department actions are required to protect and promote the well-being of the 

child or to assist the parent(s) or other child-caring person to more appropriately respond to and care for the 

child’s needs

Delaware

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, §§ 903; 904 

Any person, agency, organization, or entity who knows or in good faith suspects child abuse or neglect shall make a 

report in accordance with § 904 of this title. In addition to and not in lieu of reporting to the Division of Family Services, 

any such person also may give oral or written notification of that knowledge or suspicion to any police officer who is in 

the presence of such person for the purpose of rendering assistance to the child in question or investigating the cause of 

the child’s injuries or condition.

An immediate oral report shall be made by telephone or otherwise. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, §§ 904; 906

Contents of any written report shall be in accordance with rules and regulations of the division.

When a written report is made, the division will contact the reporter within 48 hours to ensure that full information has 

been received and to obtain additional information, medical records, or both. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, § 906(e)

In implementing the division’s role in the child protection system, the division shall ensure that every case of child 

death, and every case of near death due to abuse or neglect, is reported to the Child Death, Near Death and Stillbirth 

Commission pursuant to title 31, § 323(e). 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, §§ 904; 905; 906

Any report required by the reporting laws shall be made to the Division of Child Protective Services in the Department of 

Services for Children, Youth, and Their Families. The division will maintain a 24-hour toll-free telephone line for accepting 

reports. Although reports may be made anonymously, the division shall, in all cases, after obtaining relevant information 

regarding alleged abuse or neglect, request the name and address of any person making a report. When a written report 

is made by a mandatory reporter, the division shall contact the reporter within 48 hours of receipt of the report in order 

to ensure that full information has been received and to obtain any additional information or medical records, or both, 

that may be pertinent. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, § 906

Upon receipt of a report, the division shall check the internal information system to determine whether previous reports 

have been made regarding actual or suspected abuse or neglect of the subject child, any siblings, family members, or 

the alleged perpetrator.

The division shall forward reports to the appropriate division staff, who shall determine, through the use of protocols 

developed by the division, whether an investigation or the family assessment and services approach should be used to 

respond to the allegation. The protocols for making this determination shall be developed by the division and shall give 

priority to ensuring the well-being and safety of the child. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, § 906

The division may investigate any report, but shall conduct an investigation involving all reports that involve the 

commission or attempt to commit a crime against a child by a person responsible for the care, custody, and control of 

the child. The division will contact the Delaware Department of Justice and the appropriate law enforcement agency and 

provide the agency with a detailed description of the report. The agency will assist the division with the investigation and 

promptly conduct its own criminal investigation. 

Multidisciplinary services shall be used whenever possible in conducting the investigation or family assessment and 

services approach, including the services of law enforcement agencies, the medical community, and other agencies, both 

public and private. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 16, § 906

The investigation shall include, but need not be limited to, the nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect; 

collection of evidence; the identity of the alleged perpetrator; the names and condition of other children and adults in 

the home; the home environment; the relationship of the subject child to the parents or other persons responsible for the 

child’s care; any indication of incidents of physical violence against any other household or family member; background 

checks on all adults in the home; and the gathering of other pertinent information.

In a family assessment and services approach, the division shall assess the service needs of the family from information 

gathered from the family and other sources and shall identify and provide services for families where it is determined that 

the child is at risk of abuse or neglect. The division shall:

• Commence an immediate investigation if at any time during the family assessment it is determined that an 

investigation is required or is otherwise appropriate

• Conduct a family assessment on reports initially referred for an investigation if it is determined that a complete 

investigation is not required

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

This issue is not addressed in the statutes and regulations reviewed. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Code of Regs. CDR 9-300-304

The case finding may indicate that it is substantiated or unsubstantiated. A person who has been substantiated for abuse 

or neglect must be entered on the child protection registry at one of four designated child protection levels related to 

the risk of future harm to children: 

• Child Protection Level I: Low risk

• Child Protection Level II: Moderate risk

• Child Protection Level III: High risk 

• Child Protection Level IV: Highest risk

If the division determines from its investigation not to substantiate the person for abuse or neglect, the person may not 

be entered on the child protection registry for that reported incident. 

District of Columbia

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1321.02; 4-1321.03

A mandated reporter who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect abuse or neglect of a child shall immediately report 

to the police department or the Child and Family Services Agency. 

Each person required to make a report of a known or suspected neglected child shall: 

• Immediately make an oral report of the case to the Child and Family Services Agency or the police department

• Make a written report of the case if requested by the agency or police or if the abuse involves drug-related activity

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 4-1321.03

The report shall include, but need not be limited to, the following information if it is known to the person making the 

report:

• The name, age, sex, and address of the child, the child’s siblings, other children in the home, and the parents or 

other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect and any previous abuse or neglect 

• Any other information that might be helpful

• If the source of the report is a mandated reporter, the identity and occupation of the source, how to contact the 

source, and any action taken by the source concerning the child

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Code § 4-1321.02(d)-(e)

A licensed health professional, law enforcement officer, or humane officer shall report immediately in writing to the Child 

and Family Services Agency when there is reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused as a result of inadequate 

care, control, or subsistence in the home environment due to exposure to drug-related activity.

A licensed health professional, who in his or her own professional or official capacity knows that a child under 12 months 

of age is diagnosed as having a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, shall immediately report or have a report made to the 

Child and Family Services Agency. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 4-1303.03b

The agency shall establish a single reporting line to receive reports of suspected child abuse and neglect. The single 

reporting line shall be maintained by the agency, with the assistance and support of the Metropolitan Police Department, 

and shall be staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 
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Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1303.03b; 4-1301.04

Upon receiving reports on the single reporting line, the agency shall:

• Review and screen the reports to collect relevant information from the source of the report

• Transmit the reports to the entity with responsibility, or the appropriate governmental entity in another jurisdiction, 

for investigation or provision of services

The agency shall conduct a thorough investigation of a report of suspected child abuse or neglect to protect the health 

and safety of the child or children when a report involves a child fatality, suspected sex abuse, or the agency suspects a 

child is at imminent risk of or has experienced abuse or neglect that the agency determines to be severe.

For all other reports of suspected child abuse or neglect, the agency, directly or through a contractor or another 

appropriate District agency, shall conduct either a thorough investigation or a family assessment. A family’s cooperation 

with the family assessment and its acceptance of services offered pursuant to the assessment shall be voluntary as long 

as there are no concerns regarding child safety. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1301.04; 4-1301.51

The agency shall conduct the investigation or family assessment. The agency may request the assistance of the 

Metropolitan Police Department to assist in the investigation or to ensure the safety of agency staff. As part of the full 

investigation, the agency must notify and coordinate with the Metropolitan Police Department when there is indication of 

a crime, including sexual or serious physical abuse.

Every instance of sexual abuse of a child shall be reviewed and investigated by a multidisciplinary investigation team, 

which shall focus first, on the needs of the child; and second, on the law enforcement, prosecution, and related civil 

proceedings. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1301.04; 4-1301.06

The family assessment shall include seeing the child and all other children in the household within a 5-day period. 

The report must not involve a child who is at imminent risk of or has experienced abuse or neglect that the agency 

determines to be severe; in such a case, the report shall be referred for investigation. At any time during the 

investigation, the director of the agency may determine it appropriate to refer the family for a family assessment and 

suspend the investigation.

The full investigation shall include:

• Seeing the child and all other children in the household outside of the presence of the caregivers

• Conducting an interview with the child’s caregivers

• Speaking with the source of the report

• Assessing the safety and risk of harm to the child from abuse or neglect in the place where the child lives

• Deciding on the safety of the child and of other children in the household

• Deciding on the safety of other children in the care or custody of the person or persons alleged to be abusing or 

neglecting the child

The investigation shall determine:

• The nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect

• If mental injury is suspected, an assessment of the suspected mental injury by a physician, a psychologist, or a 

licensed clinical social worker

• If the suspected abuse or neglect is determined to be substantiated:

» The identity of the person responsible for the abuse or neglect

» The name, age, sex, and condition of the maltreated child and all other children in the home

» The conditions in the home

» Whether there is any child in the home whose health, safety, or welfare is at risk

» Whether any child who is at risk should be removed from the home or can be protected by the provision of 

resources

Within 5 business days after the completion of the investigation, the agency shall complete a final report of its findings. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1301.04; 4-1301.06

The family assessment shall commence as soon as possible, but no later than 5 days after the agency’s receipt of the 

report.

The investigation shall commence:

• Immediately upon receiving a report of suspected abuse or neglect or a referral for investigation following a family 

assessment indicating that the child’s safety or health is in immediate danger

• As soon as possible, and at least within 24 hours, upon receiving any report or a referral for investigation following 

a family assessment not involving immediate danger to the child

The initial phase of the investigation shall be completed within 24 hours of its commencement. The full investigation shall 

be completed no more than 30 days after receipt of the first notice of the suspected abuse or neglect. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 4-1301.04; 4-1301.02

The report of the investigation must include a finding as to whether the report of abuse or neglect is substantiated, 

inconclusive, or unfounded. These classifications have the following meanings:

• A substantiated report is supported by credible evidence and is not against the weight of the evidence.

• An inconclusive report cannot be proven to be either substantiated or unfounded.

• An unfounded report is made maliciously or in bad faith or has no basis in fact.
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Florida

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.201; Admin. Code § 65C-29.002

Any person who knows, or has reasonable cause to suspect, that a child is abused, abandoned, or neglected by a parent, 

legal custodian, caregiver, or other person responsible for the child’s welfare, or that a child is in need of supervision 

and care and has no parent, legal custodian, or responsible adult relative immediately known and available to provide 

supervision and care shall report such knowledge or suspicion to central abuse hotline of the Department of Children 

and Family Services.

Any person who knows, or who has reasonable cause to suspect, that a child is abused by an adult other than a parent, 

legal custodian, caregiver, or other person responsible for the child’s welfare also shall report such knowledge or 

suspicion to the department on the central abuse hotline. 

In regulation: Professionally mandated reporters are required to provide their names to the abuse hotline when making 

a report of alleged child maltreatment. A report shall be accepted if it meets statutory criteria for acceptance even if the 

reporters wish to remain anonymous. Nonprofessionally mandated reporters are not required to provide their names for 

the acceptance of a report. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code § 65C-29.002

When a report is being accepted, the hotline counselor shall ask all reporters to provide the following information:

• Information regarding subjects of the report, including name, race, sex, date of birth, Social Security number, 

ethnicity, school, employment, address, phone number, and/or other acceptable means to locate the victim if the 

address is not known

• The relationship between the victim and the alleged perpetrator

• Names and contact information for any person who can provide assistance to the child or additional information 

about the family’s circumstances

• The type of maltreatment alleged and the nature and extent of harm suffered by the victim, including when the 

incident occurred or whether it is a chronic, ongoing situation

• Any known history of abuse, neglect, or abandonment of persons named in the report

• The risk of continued maltreatment and whether the alleged perpetrator continues to have access to the victim

• The current condition of the child

• Other children in the environment

• The name and occupation of the reporter, relationship between the child and the reporter, contact information for 

the reporter, and any other information the reporter believes will be of assistance

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.201

Any person required to report or investigate cases of suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect who has 

reasonable cause to suspect that a child died as a result of child abuse, abandonment, or neglect shall report his or 

her suspicion to the appropriate medical examiner. The medical examiner shall accept the report for investigation and 

shall report his or her findings, in writing, to the local law enforcement agency, the appropriate State attorney, and the 

department. Autopsy reports maintained by the medical examiner are not subject to the confidentiality requirements 

provided for in § 39.202. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.
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Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.201

The department shall operate and maintain a central abuse hotline to receive all reports of suspected child maltreatment 

in writing, via fax, via web-based reports, via web-based chat, or through a single statewide toll-free telephone number, 

which any person may use to report known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect at any hour of the day or 

night, any day of the week. 

Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Stat. §§ 39.201; 39.301; Admin. Code § 65C-29.002

Personnel at the department’s central abuse hotline shall determine if the report received meets the statutory definition 

of child abuse, abandonment, or neglect. Any report meeting one of these definitions shall be accepted for a protective 

investigation.

If the report involves child abuse by someone other than a caregiver, the report shall be transferred immediately to the 

appropriate county sheriff’s office. If the report involves the impregnation of a child under age 16 by a person age 21 or 

older, the report shall be made immediately to an appropriate law enforcement agency.

Upon receiving a report, the hotline shall determine if the report requires an immediate onsite protective investigation. 

For reports requiring an immediate onsite protective investigation, the hotline shall notify immediately the department to 

ensure that an onsite investigation is promptly initiated. For reports not requiring an immediate investigation, the hotline 

shall notify the department in sufficient time to allow for an investigation.

The department shall forward immediately allegations of criminal conduct to the appropriate law enforcement agency of 

the municipality or county in which the alleged conduct occurred.

In regulation: Hotline staff shall determine if the allegation in the report meets the statutory definition of child abuse, 

neglect, abandonment, or harm. Any allegation that meets one of these definitions shall be accepted for protective 

investigation. The alleged child victim must be younger than age 18 and be a resident of or located in Florida at the time 

of the allegation. A report shall not be accepted on an unborn or stillborn child.

The alleged perpetrator must be a caregiver, which is defined as a parent, legal custodian, an adult household member, 

or other person responsible for a child’s welfare. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.301

Protective investigations shall be performed by the department or its agent.

To the extent practical, all protective investigations involving a child shall be conducted or the work supervised by 

a single individual in order for there to be broad knowledge and understanding of the child’s history. When a new 

investigator is assigned to investigate a second and subsequent report involving a child, a multidisciplinary staffing shall 

be conducted that includes new and prior investigators, their supervisors, and appropriate private providers in order to 

ensure that, to the extent possible, there is coordination among all parties.

Upon receiving a written report of an allegation of criminal conduct from the department, the law enforcement agency 

shall review the information in the written report to determine whether a criminal investigation is warranted. If the law 

enforcement agency accepts the case for criminal investigation, it shall coordinate its investigative activities with the 

department, whenever feasible. If the law enforcement agency does not accept the case for criminal investigation, the 

agency shall notify the department in writing.
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.301

An assessment of safety and the perceived needs for the child and family shall be conducted in a manner that is sensitive 

to the social, economic, and cultural environment of the family. 

For each report accepted for investigation, the department or the sheriff providing child protective investigative services 

shall perform the following child protective investigation activities to determine child safety:

• Conduct a review of all relevant, available information specific to the child and family and alleged maltreatment; 

family child welfare history; and local, State, and Federal criminal records checks

• Conduct face-to-face interviews with the child; any siblings; and the parents, legal custodians, or caregivers

• Assess the child’s residence, including:

» The composition of the family and household

» The name, address, date of birth, Social Security number, sex, and race of each child named in the report

» Any siblings or other children in the same household or in the care of the same adults

» The parents, legal custodians, caregivers, or any other adults in the same household

• Determine whether there is any indication that any child in the household has been abused, abandoned, or 

neglected; the nature and extent of present or prior injuries, abuse, or neglect, and any evidence thereof; and 

a determination as to the person or persons apparently responsible for the abuse, abandonment, or neglect, 

including the name, address, date of birth, Social Security number, sex, and race of each such person

• Complete an assessment of immediate child safety for each child based on available records, interviews, and 

observations with all household members and appropriate collateral contacts, including other professionals

• Document the present and impending dangers to each child based on the identification of inadequate protective 

capacity through utilization of a standardized safety assessment instrument

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 39.301

If it appears that the immediate safety or well-being of a child is endangered, that the family may flee or the child will 

be unavailable for purposes of conducting a child protective investigation, or that the facts otherwise so warrant, the 

department shall commence an investigation immediately, regardless of the time of day or night. In all other child abuse, 

abandonment, or neglect cases, a child protective investigation shall be commenced within 24 hours after receipt of the 

report.

The department shall complete its protective investigation within 60 days after receiving the initial report unless:

• There also is an active, concurrent criminal investigation that is continuing beyond the 60-day period and the 

closure of the protective investigation may compromise successful criminal prosecution of the child abuse or 

neglect case in which case, the closure date shall coincide with the closure date of the criminal investigation and 

any resulting legal action.

• In child death cases, the final report of the medical examiner is necessary for the department to close its 

investigation and the report has not been received within the 60-day period, in which case the report closure date 

shall be extended to accommodate the report.

• A child who is necessary to an investigation has been declared missing by the department, a law enforcement 

agency, or a court, in which case the 60-day period shall be extended until the child has been located or until 

sufficient information exists to close the investigation despite the unknown location of the child.

Classification of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes or regulations reviewed. 
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Georgia

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 19-7-5; 16-12-100

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused shall report or cause reports of 

that abuse to be made as provided in this section. An oral report shall be made immediately, but in no case later than 

24 hours from the time there is reasonable cause to believe a child has been abused, by telephone or otherwise and 

followed by a report in writing, if requested.

A person who, in the course of processing or producing visual or printed matter either privately or commercially, has 

reasonable cause to believe that the visual or printed matter submitted for processing or producing depicts a minor 

engaged in sexually explicit conduct shall immediately report such incident, or cause a report to be made, to the 

Georgia Bureau of Investigation or the law enforcement agency for the county in which such matter is submitted.

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 19-7-5

The report shall contain, if possible:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or caregivers

• The child’s age, if known

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of previous injuries

• Any other information that might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injuries and the identity of the 

perpetrator

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 19-7-5

The report shall be made to a child welfare agency providing protective services, as designated by the Department of 

Human Services, or, in the absence of such agency, to an appropriate police authority or district attorney.

If a report of child abuse is made to the child welfare agency or independently discovered by the agency, and the agency 

has reasonable cause to believe the report is true or the report contains any allegation or evidence of child abuse, then 

the agency shall notify immediately the appropriate police authority or the district attorney. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: DHS CW Man. Ch. 2, § 2.2

A case manager will evaluate the intake report to determine if the three components of child maltreatment reports are 

met. These components include:

• An alleged perpetrator:

» Who is a known or unknown individual 

» Whose relationship to the victim is classified as being that of a parent, guardian, foster parent, stepparent, or 

adoptive parent; an employee of a public/private residential home, care facility, or daycare facility; a custodian 

(a person standing in loco parentis); other caregiver; or school personnel

• A child from birth up to their eighteenth birthday

• An allegation that meets the definition of child abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse

Intake reports containing the required components must be approved for assessment (investigation) and submitted to a 

social service supervisor for approval and transfer to a case manager for completion of an abuse/neglect assessment. 
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-5-180; DHS CW Man, § 2104.1

The investigation may be conducted by an abuse investigator, which includes the department, any local Department of 

Family and Children Services (DFCS), law enforcement agency, district attorney, or a designee thereof.

In regulation: DFCS investigates reports of suspected child maltreatment. The local county DFCS conducts the 

investigation to determine whether an incident of maltreatment occurred. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: DHS CW Man, § 2104.1

The local county department will conduct the investigation to determine whether an incident of maltreatment occurred 

and, if maltreatment is substantiated, to determine the level of risk for future maltreatment to the child and to plan for 

the child’s safety and protection. 

Investigation is a process to determine the validity of a complaint by interviewing, observing, and gathering information. 

This process leads to decisions about the level of risk for future maltreatment to the child, the degree of safety, and the 

need for the continued involvement of the agency until protection of the child is ensured.

Components of the investigation include:

• Reviewing the report to determine the best approach 

• Coordinating, as necessary, with law enforcement

• Making the initial contact with the child and parent

• Planning additional contacts with the child and parent, as needed

• Gathering all available evidence 

• Making collateral contacts

• Determining the degree of protection and safety of the child and the level of risk 

• Continuing to coordinate, as needed, with law enforcement regarding possible criminal prosecution

• Making a case determination and sending required notifications of decisions

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: DHS CW Man. Ch. 2, § 2.5; 2104.1 

DFCS will begin response time calculation at the conclusion of the intake call. DFCS response time categories include:

• Immediate: The child is in imminent danger. The case manager must leave to initiate the assessment (make faceto-face contact with each victim child) immediately following the assignment of the response time.

• Up to 24 hours: The child is not in present danger but it is likely that the child’s safety will be compromised in the 

immediate future. The case manager must initiate the investigation within 24 hours or by the specified period of 

time assigned to the case by the supervisor.

• Five work days: There is no present safety concern. The assessment (investigation) must be initiated within 5 work 

days (excluding weekends but including all holidays). 

The investigation is completed within 30 calendar days of the date the report is received. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-5-180

Reports are classified as follows:

• ‘Confirmed’ means that the investigation has revealed that there is equal or greater credible evidence that child 

abuse occurred than the credible evidence that child abuse did not occur.

• ‘Unconfirmed’ means that the investigation has revealed that there is some credible evidence that child abuse 

occurred, but there is not sufficient credible evidence to classify that child abuse as confirmed.

• ‘Unfounded’ means that the investigation has determined that there is no credible evidence that child abuse 

occurred.
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Guam

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13203(a)

Mandated reporters shall report cases of suspected abuse to child protective services (CPS) or the police immediately by 

telephone and follow up in writing within 48 hours. Oral reports shall be made to CPS or to the police department. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13203(c)

Reports of child abuse or neglect should contain the following information:

• The name of the person making the report

• The name, age, and sex of the child

• The present location of the child

• The nature and extent of injury

• Any other information, including information that led that person to suspect child abuse, that may be requested 

by the child protective agency receiving the report

Mandated reporters shall be required to reveal their names.

Other information relevant to the incident of child abuse also may be given to an investigator from a child protective 

agency who is investigating the known or suspected case of child abuse, including:

• The name of the person or persons responsible for causing the suspected abuse or neglect

• Family composition

• The actions taken by the reporting source, including the taking of photographs and x-rays, removal or keeping of 

the child, or notification of the medical examiner

• Any other information that the child protective agency may, by regulation, require

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13205

Any mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse shall report that 

fact to the medical examiner.

The medical examiner shall report any findings to the police department, attorney general’s office, and CPS. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13209

CPS shall receive 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, all reports, both oral and written, of suspected child abuse or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13204 

The Guam Police Department and CPS shall develop and implement cooperative arrangements to coordinate 

existing duties in connection with the investigation of suspected child abuse. CPS shall initiate the development and 

implementation of these arrangements, including the development and distribution of reporting forms. The Guam 

Police Department shall report to CPS that it is investigating a case within 36 hours after starting its investigation. In 

cases where a minor is a victim of criminal sexual conduct, CPS shall evaluate what action or actions would be in the best 

interests of the child victim. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, §§ 13209; 13209.1

The investigation shall include a determination of the risk of such child or children if they continue to remain in the 

existing home environment, as well as a determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any condition enumerated in 

the report and, after seeing to the safety of the child or children, notify the subjects of the report orally and in writing of 

the existence of the report.

The investigation shall determine whether the child is being harmed by factors beyond the control of the parent or other 

person responsible for the child’s welfare, and if so determined, CPS shall promptly take all available steps to remedy 

and correct such conditions, including, but not limited to, the coordination of social services for the child and the family.

CPS shall develop written procedures for screening each referral for abuse or neglect of a child to assess whether abuse 

of another family or household member also is occurring. The assessment must include, but is not limited to:

• A check of the criminal record of the parents and the alleged abusive or neglectful person and the alleged 

perpetrator of family violence if not a parent of the child

• An inquiry concerning the existence of orders for protection issued to either parent

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13209

Upon receipt of each report of suspected child abuse or neglect, CPS shall commence within a reasonable time, but no 

later than 72 hours, an appropriate investigation. The investigation shall be completed within 60 days. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 19, § 13209

CPS shall determine within 60 days whether the report is ‘indicated, ‘substantiated,’ or ‘unsubstantiated.’ 

Hawaii

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 350-1.1

A mandated reporter who has reason to believe that child abuse or neglect has occurred shall immediately report the 

matter orally to the Department of Human Services or the police department. The initial oral report shall be followed as 

soon as possible by a report in writing to the department. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 350-1.1

All written reports shall contain, if known:

• The name and address of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful or relevant to the investigation

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 350-2

The department shall receive reports concerning child abuse or neglect. 

The department shall inform the appropriate police department or office of the prosecuting attorney of the relevant 

information concerning a case of child abuse or neglect when the information is required for the investigation or 

prosecution of that case. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Code of Rules § 17-1610-17

Upon receipt of a report, the department immediately shall assess the validity of the report, the safety of the child, and 

the agency response to the report.

If the department determines the report involves high or severe harm or severe threatened harm, the report shall be 

accepted for further assessment. If the report involves a low or moderate level of harm or threatened harm, the family 

may be diverted to community resources for short-term counseling, outreach, and/or support services. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 587A-11

Upon receiving a report that a child is subject to imminent harm, has been harmed, or is subject to threatened harm, the 

department shall conduct an investigation as it deems to be appropriate. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 587A-11; Code of Rules § 17-1610-23

In conducting the investigation, the department may:

• Enlist the cooperation and assistance of appropriate State and Federal law enforcement authorities, who may 

conduct an investigation and, if an investigation is conducted, shall provide the department with all preliminary 

findings, including the results of a criminal history record check of an alleged perpetrator

• Interview the child without the presence or prior approval of the child’s family and temporarily assume protective 

custody of the child for the purpose of conducting the interview

In regulation: The department shall assess each report accepted by the department in accordance with departmental 

procedures. The assessment, which will continue throughout the duration of the case, will determine whether or not the 

child has been harmed or is threatened with harm and the action that will be taken by the department.

The department shall determine and initiate any needed services necessary to complete the assessment, including but 

not limited to multidisciplinary team consultation, psychological, psychiatric, psychosexual, or other needed evaluations.

When additional facts are needed to thoroughly evaluate the family and child’s current situation, the department shall 

contact other persons or agencies that may possess knowledge of the family without consent.

A written medical assessment of the child’s physical condition shall be obtained when sexual abuse is suspected or there 

is a report of severe abuse, neglect, or medical neglect.

The department may obtain a criminal history record check on an alleged perpetrator. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Code of Rule § 17-1610-24

For those reports accepted for assessment, a disposition shall be made in accordance with departmental procedures 

and documented in the department’s information system within 60 working days of the acceptance of the report as to 

whether the child has been harmed. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Code of Rules § 17-1610-19

Records of reports shall be maintained by the department to assist in risk and safety assessments of a child who has been 

reported to be harmed or at risk of harm, provided that:

• A report that is unsubstantiated shall be expunged within 90 working days. 

• A report that was investigated and found to be not confirmed shall be maintained by the department for use in 

future risk and safety assessments and for no other purpose. 

• A report that was investigated and found to be confirmed when the department finds after a review of 

the circumstances and facts of the case that there is evidence of substantial rehabilitation or an erroneous 

confirmation may be expunged.

• A report that was investigated and found to be confirmed shall be maintained by the department for future risk 

and safety assessments.
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Idaho

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Idaho Code § 16-1605

A mandated reporter who has reason to believe that a child has been abused, neglected, or abandoned shall report 

within 24 hours to a law enforcement agency or the Department of Health and Welfare. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Idaho Code § 16-1605

The report shall contain a description of the conditions and circumstances that led to making the report. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Admin. Code § 16.06.01.552

Each region of the Department of Health and Welfare shall maintain a system for receiving and responding to reports 

or complaints on a 24-hour-per-day, 7-day-per-week basis throughout the entire region. The region shall advertise the 

system to the public throughout the region and ensure the accurate recording of as many facts as possible at the time of 

the report. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code § 16.06.01.553

The department must assign all reports of possible abuse, neglect, or abandonment for safety assessment unless the 

field office has knowledge or information that discredits the report beyond a reasonable doubt. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Admin. Code §§ 16.06.01.550; 556; 557

The Department of Health and Welfare is the official child protection agency dealing with situations of reported child 

abuse, neglect, or abandonment. A respectful, nonjudgmental approach should be the policy for assessments, especially 

during the initial contact with the family. 

Possible abuse, abandonment, or neglect of a child who is known or suspected to be Indian will be reported to 

appropriate Tribal authorities immediately. If the reported incident occurs off a reservation, the department will 

perform the investigation. The department also will investigate incidents reported on a reservation if requested to do 

so by appropriate authorities of the Tribe. A record of any response will be maintained in the case record and written 

documentation will be provided to the appropriate Tribal authorities.

Reports involving a military family must be reported to the appropriate military family advocacy representative. Abuse, 

neglect, or abandonment of a child on a military installation falls under Federal jurisdiction. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Admin. Code § 16.06.01.559

The assessment must include contact with the children involved and the immediate family and a records check for history 

with respect to child protection issues. 

The interview of a child concerning a child protection report must be conducted: 

• In a manner that protects all children involved from undergoing any unnecessary traumatic experience, including 

multiple interviews

• By a professional with specialized training in using techniques that consider the natural communication modes and 

developmental stages of children

• In a neutral, nonthreatening environment, such as a specially equipped interview room, if available

The interview of the child’s immediate family is mandatory in every case and may require the participation of law 

enforcement. The family services worker conducting the interview must:

• Immediately notify the parents being interviewed of the purpose and nature of the assessment

• Determine if the family is of Indian heritage for the purposes of the Indian Child Welfare Act 

• Interview siblings who are identified as being at risk

• Not divulge the name of the person making the report of child abuse or neglect

Any assessment of an abuse or neglect report must include at least one collateral interview with a person who is familiar 

with the circumstances of the child or children involved. 

A safety assessment will be completed on each referral assigned for assessment of abuse or neglect, or both. When 

safety threats are identified in the safety assessment and the case remains open for services, a comprehensive 

assessment must be completed. 

The department may enlist the cooperation of peace officers for phases of the safety assessment for which they have the 

expertise and responsibility, as consistent with the relevant multidisciplinary team protocol. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code § 16.06.01.554

The level of response required will be based on the following criteria: 

• Priority I: The department must respond immediately if a child is in immediate danger involving a life-threatening 

or emergency situation. Law enforcement shall be notified and requested to respond or accompany the family 

services worker.

• Priority II: A child is not in immediate danger, but there are clear allegations of physical or sexual abuse or medical 

neglect. Law enforcement shall be notified within 24 hours, and the child must be seen by the family services 

worker within 48 hours.

• Priority III: A child may be in a vulnerable situation because of service needs that, if left unmet, may result in harm, 

or a child is without parental care. A family services worker shall respond within 3 days, and the child must be seen 

within 5 days.
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code § 16.06.01.560

Within 5 days following completion of safety assessments, the department will determine whether the reports are 

substantiated or unsubstantiated. 

Child abuse, neglect, or abandonment reports are substantiated by one or more of the following: 

• It was witnessed by a family services worker.

• A court determines, in an adjudicatory hearing, that a child comes within the jurisdiction of the Child Protective 

Act.

• The alleged perpetrator made a confession.

• The abuse or neglect was corroborated by physical or medical evidence.

• The abuse or neglect was established by evidence that it is more likely than not that abuse, neglect, or 

abandonment occurred.

Child abuse, neglect, or abandonment reports are unsubstantiated when they are not found to be substantiated. For 

intradepartmental statistical purposes, the department will indicate whether the unsubstantiated disposition of the safety 

assessment was due to insufficient evidence or was an erroneous report. 

Illinois

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/4; 5/4.5; 5/7

Any mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to believe a child known to them in their professional or official 

capacity may be an abused or neglected child shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to the Department 

of Children and Family Services.

If an electronic and information technology equipment worker discovers any depiction of child pornography while 

installing, repairing, or otherwise servicing an item of electronic and information technology equipment, that worker or 

the worker’s employer shall immediately report the discovery to the local law enforcement agency or to the Cyber Tipline 

at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

All reports by mandated reporters shall be confirmed in writing to the appropriate child protective service unit, which 

may be on forms supplied by the department, within 48 hours of any initial report.

Written confirmation reports from persons not required to report may be made to the appropriate child protective 

service unit. 
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Content of Reports

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, §§ 5/7; 5/9

The initial oral report shall include, if known:

• The name and address of the child and his or her parents or other persons having custody

• The child’s age

• The nature of the child’s condition including any evidence of previous injuries or disabilities

• Any other information that the person filing the report believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the 

abuse or neglect and the identity of the person believed to have caused the abuse or neglect

Initial written reports from the reporting source shall contain the following information to the extent known at the time 

the report is made:

• The names and addresses of the child and his or her parents or other persons responsible for his or her welfare

• The name and address of the school that the child attends or last attended, if the report is written during the 

summer when school is not in session

• The name of the school district in which the school is located, if applicable

• The child’s age, sex, and race

• The nature and extent of the child’s abuse or neglect, including any evidence of prior injuries, abuse, or neglect of 

the child or his or her siblings

• The names of the persons apparently responsible for the abuse or neglect

• Family composition, including names, ages, sexes, and races of other children in the home

• The name of the person making the report, his or her occupation, and where he or she can be reached

• The actions taken by the reporting source, including the taking of photographs and x-rays, placing the child in 

temporary protective custody, or notifying the medical examiner or coroner

• Any other information the person making the report believes might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/4.1

A mandated reporter or any other person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has died as a result of abuse 

or neglect shall report to the appropriate medical examiner.

The medical examiner or coroner shall investigate the report and communicate any apparent gross findings orally, 

immediately upon completion of the gross autopsy, but in all cases within 72 hours, and within 21 days in writing, to the 

local law enforcement agency, the appropriate State’s attorney, the department, and, if the institution making the report 

is a hospital, the hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/7.3b

All mandated reporters may refer to the department any pregnant person who is addicted as defined in the Alcoholism 

and Other Drug Abuse and Dependency Act.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/7

All reports of suspected child abuse or neglect shall be made immediately by telephone to the central register on the 

single, state-wide, toll-free telephone number; in person or by telephone through the nearest department office. 
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Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 89, § 300.100

When a report of child abuse or neglect is received, the department shall make an initial investigation to validate 

whether there is reasonable cause to believe that child abuse or neglect exists. When investigative staff make a 

determination that there is reasonable cause to believe that child abuse or neglect exists, a formal investigation shall be 

made.

Investigative staff will use the following criteria to determine whether there is a good faith indication to believe that 

abuse or neglect exists:

• The alleged victim must be younger than age 18.

• The alleged victim must either have been harmed or be in substantial risk of harm.

• There must be an abusive or neglectful incident or set of circumstances that caused the alleged harm or 

substantial risk of harm to the child. 

• For abuse, the alleged perpetrator must be the child’s parent, foster parent, guardian, immediate family member, 

any individual who resides in the same house as the child, the paramour of the child’s parent, or any person 

responsible for the child’s welfare at the time of the alleged abuse.

• For neglect, the alleged perpetrator must be the child’s parent, guardian, foster parent, or any person responsible 

for the child’s welfare at the time of the alleged neglect.

If any one of the above criteria is not present, a determination will be made that the report does not provide a good faith 

indication that child abuse or neglect exists, and the investigation will be terminated. If the above criteria are present, 

investigative staff will begin a formal investigation. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/7.3

The department shall be the sole agency responsible for receiving and investigating reports of child abuse or neglect, 

except where investigations by other agencies may be required with respect to reports alleging the death, serious injury, 

or sexual abuse to a child. 

The department may delegate the performance of the investigation to the Department of State Police, a law 

enforcement agency, and to those private social service agencies that have been designated for this purpose by the 

department prior to July 1, 1980. 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this act, the department shall adopt rules expressly allowing law enforcement 

personnel to investigate reports of suspected child abuse or neglect concurrently with the department, without regard to 

whether the department determines a report to be ‘indicated’ or ‘unfounded’ or deems a report to be ‘undetermined.’ 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/7.4 

Beginning January 1, 2010, the department may implement a ‘differential response program’ in which the department, 

upon receiving a report, shall determine whether to conduct a family assessment or an investigation as appropriate to 

prevent or provide a remedy for child abuse or neglect.

A ‘family assessment’ is a comprehensive assessment of child safety, risk of subsequent child maltreatment, and family 

strengths and needs that is applied to a child maltreatment report that does not allege substantial child endangerment. 

A family assessment does not include a determination as to whether child maltreatment occurred but does determine 

the need for services to address the safety of family members and the risk of subsequent maltreatment.

An ‘investigation’ includes fact-gathering related to the current safety of a child and the risk of subsequent abuse or 

neglect that determines whether a report of suspected child abuse or neglect should be indicated or unfounded and 

whether child protective services are needed.

Under the differential response program, the department:

• Shall conduct an investigation on reports involving substantial child abuse or neglect

• Shall begin an immediate investigation if, at any time during a family assessment, it determines that there is 

reason to believe that substantial child abuse or neglect or a serious threat to the child’s safety exists

• May conduct a family assessment for reports that do not allege substantial child endangerment

• May conduct a family assessment on a report that was initially screened and assigned for an investigation

Once it is determined that a family assessment will be implemented, the case shall not be reported to the central 

register. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, §§ 5/7.4; 5/7.12

If it appears that the immediate safety or well-being of a child is endangered, that the family may flee, or the child may 

disappear, child protection services (CPS) shall commence an investigation immediately, regardless of the time of day or 

night. In all other cases, an investigation shall begin within 24 hours.

The CPS unit shall determine, within 60 days, whether the report is indicated or unfounded and report it forthwith to the 

central register. When it is not possible to initiate or complete an investigation within 60 days, the report may be deemed 

undetermined provided every effort has been made to undertake a complete investigation. The department may extend 

the period in which such determinations must be made in individual cases for additional periods of up to 30 days each 

for good cause shown. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Cons. Stat. Ch. 325, § 5/7.14; Admin. Code Tit. 89, § 300.110

All reports in the central register shall be classified in one of three categories: ‘indicated,’ ‘unfounded,’ or 

‘undetermined,’ as the case may be.

In regulation: Upon completion of a formal investigation of abuse or neglect, investigative staff shall make a final 

determination as to whether a child was abused or neglected. Allegations may be determined to be indicated, 

undetermined, or unfounded.

• When credible evidence of abuse or neglect has been obtained pertinent to an allegation, the allegation is 

indicated.

• When credible evidence of abuse or neglect has not been obtained, the allegation is unfounded. 

• When investigative staff have been unable, for good cause, to gather sufficient facts to support a decision within 

60 days of the date the report was received, the allegation shall be considered undetermined.
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Indiana

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-5-4

A mandated reporter who has reason to believe that a child is a victim of abuse or neglect shall immediately make an 

oral report to the Department of Child Services or a local law enforcement agency. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-7-4

The department shall make a written report of a child who may be a victim of child abuse or neglect no later than 48 

hours after receipt of the oral report.

Written reports must be made on forms supplied by the administrator. The written reports must include, if known, the 

following information:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents, guardian, custodian, or other person responsible for 

the child’s care

• The child’s age and sex

• The nature and apparent extent of the child’s injuries, abuse, or neglect, including any evidence of prior injuries of 

the child or abuse or neglect of the child or the child’s siblings

• The name of the person allegedly responsible for causing the injury, abuse, or neglect

• The source of the report

• The name of the person making the report and where the person can be reached

• The actions taken by the reporting source, including the following: 

» Taking of photographs and x-rays 

» Removing or keeping of the child 

» Notifying the coroner

• The written documentation required by § 31-34-2-3 if a child was taken into custody without a court order

• Any other information that the director requires by rule or the person making the report believes might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 31-33-7-5; 31-33-7-6

A copy of the written report of the local child protection service shall immediately be made available to the coroner for 

the coroner’s consideration in a case involving death. Upon receiving a written report, the coroner shall accept the report 

for investigation and report the findings to:

• The appropriate law enforcement agency

• The prosecuting attorney

• The department

• The hospital, if the institution making the report is a hospital

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-7-1

The department shall arrange for receipt, on a 24-hour, 7-day per week basis, of all reports of suspected child abuse or 

neglect.

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 31-33-8-2; 31-33-8-6; 31-33-8-1

Upon the receipt of a report of known or suspected child abuse, the department shall contact the law enforcement 

agency in the appropriate jurisdiction.

The law enforcement agency, with the department, shall conduct an immediate onsite investigation of the report if the 

law enforcement agency has reason to believe that an offense has been committed. The law enforcement agency shall 

investigate the alleged child abuse or neglect in the same manner that the law enforcement agency conducts any other 

criminal investigation.

The department shall promptly make a thorough assessment upon either the oral or written report. The primary purpose 

of the assessment is the protection of the child.

If a report alleges abuse or neglect and involves a child care ministry that is exempt from licensure, the department and 

the appropriate law enforcement agency shall jointly conduct an investigation. The investigation shall be conducted 

under the requirements of §§ 31-33-8-1 and 31-33-8-2(b). 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-8-7

The department’s assessment, to the extent that is reasonably possible, must include the following:

• The nature, extent, and cause of the known or suspected child abuse or neglect

• The identity of the person allegedly responsible for the child abuse or neglect

• The names and conditions of other children in the home

• An evaluation of the parent, guardian, custodian, or person responsible for the care of the child 

• An evaluation of the home environment and the relationship of the child to the parent, guardian, custodian, or 

other persons responsible for the child’s care 

• All other data considered pertinent

The assessment may include the following:

• A visit to the child’s home

• An interview with the child

• A physical, psychological, or psychiatric examination of any child in the home

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-8-1

The department shall initiate an immediate and appropriately thorough child protection investigation of every report of 

known or suspected child abuse or neglect the department receives. Investigation timeframes are as follows: 

• If the report alleges a child may be a victim of child abuse, the investigation shall be initiated immediately, but no 

later than 24 hours after receipt of the report.

• If reports of child neglect are received, the investigation shall be initiated within a reasonably prompt time, but no 

later than 5 days, with the primary consideration being the well-being of the child who is the subject of the report.

• If the immediate safety or well-being of a child appears to be endangered or the facts otherwise warrant, the 

investigation shall be initiated regardless of the time of day.

• If the department has reason to believe that the child is in imminent danger of serious bodily harm, the 

department shall initiate an immediate, onsite investigation within 1 hour.

• If the report alleges that a child lives with a parent, guardian, or custodian who is married to or lives with a person 

who has been convicted of neglect of a dependent or a battery offense or is required to register as a sex or 

violent offender, the department shall initiate an assessment within a reasonably prompt time, but no later than 5 

days after the receipt of the report.

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 31-33-8-12

Upon completion of an investigation, the department shall classify reports as substantiated or unsubstantiated. 
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Iowa

Individual Responsibility to Report 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.70

Each report made by a mandated reporter shall be made both orally and in writing. Each report made by a permissive 

reporter may be oral, written, or both. 

The written report shall be made to the Department of Human Services within 48 hours after the oral report.

Content of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.70

The oral and written reports shall contain as much of the following information as the reporter is able to furnish:

• The names and home addresses of the child and the child’s parent(s) or other persons responsible for the child’s 

care

• The child’s present whereabouts if not the same as the parents’ home address

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of prior injury

• The name, age, and condition of other children in the same home

• Any other information which the person making the report believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of 

the injury to the child, the identity of the person or persons responsible for the injury, or in providing assistance to 

the child

• The name and address of the person making the report

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.77(2)

If a health practitioner discovers in a child physical or behavioral symptoms of the effects of exposure to cocaine, heroin, 

amphetamine, methamphetamine, or other illegal drugs, or combinations or derivatives thereof, that were not prescribed 

by a health practitioner, or if the health practitioner has determined through examination of the natural mother of the 

child that the child was exposed in utero, the health practitioner may perform or cause to be performed a medically 

relevant test, as defined in § 232.73, on the child. The practitioner shall report any positive results of such a test on the 

child to the department. The department shall begin an assessment pursuant to § 232.71B upon receipt of such a report. 

A positive test result obtained prior to the birth of a child shall not be used for the criminal prosecution of a parent for 

acts and omissions resulting in intrauterine exposure of the child to an illegal drug. 

Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.70; Admin. Code § 441-175.22

The oral report shall be made by telephone or otherwise to the Department of Human Services. If the person making 

the report has reason to believe that immediate protection for the child is advisable, that person also shall make an oral 

report to an appropriate law enforcement agency.

In regulation: Reports of child abuse shall be received by the department, central abuse registry, or child abuse hotline. 
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Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann, Stat. § 232.70; Admin. Code §§ 441-175.22; 175.24

Upon receipt of a report, the department shall do all of the following: 

• Immediately, upon receipt of an oral report, make a determination as to whether the report constitutes an 

allegation of child abuse as defined in § 232.68 

• Notify the appropriate county attorney of the receipt of the report

In regulation: Any report that alleges child abuse shall be accepted for assessment. Reports that do not meet the legal 

definition of child abuse shall become rejected intakes. 

The primary purpose of intake is to obtain available and pertinent information regarding an allegation of child abuse and 

determine whether a report of child abuse becomes a case or a rejected intake.

To result in a case, the report of child abuse must include some information to indicate all of the following:

• The alleged victim of child abuse is a child.

• The alleged perpetrator of child abuse is a caregiver.

• The alleged incident falls within the definition of child abuse.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.71B; Admin. Code § 441-175.22

If the department determines a report alleges child abuse, it shall conduct an appropriate assessment. 

In regulation: If a report does not meet the legal definition of child abuse, but a criminal act harming a child is alleged, 

the department shall immediately refer the matter to the appropriate law enforcement agency. If a report alleges child 

sexual abuse that involves a person who was not a caregiver, the department shall refer the report to law enforcement 

orally as soon as practicable, and follow up in writing within 72 hours of receiving the report. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.71B

The primary purpose of the assessment shall be the protection of the child named in the report. The secondary purpose 

of the assessment shall be to engage the child’s family in services to enhance family strengths and to address needs. The 

assessment shall include the following:

• Identification of the nature, extent, and cause of the injuries, if any, to the child named in the report

• Identification of the person or persons responsible for the alleged child abuse

• A description of the name, age, and condition of other children in the same home as the child named in the report

• An evaluation of the home environment

• An interview of the person alleged to have committed the child abuse, if the person’s identity and location are 

known

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 232.71B; Admin. Code § 441-175.26

The department shall start the assessment within 24 hours of receiving the report. 

In regulation: The child protection worker shall complete a child protective assessment summary within 20 business days 

from the date of the report of child abuse becoming a case. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 232.71D; Admin. Code § 441-175.26

Except as otherwise provided below, if the department issues a finding that the alleged child abuse meets the definition 

of child abuse, the names of the child and the alleged perpetrator of the alleged child abuse and any other child abuse 

information shall be placed in the central registry as a case of founded child abuse.

Cases to which any of the following circumstances apply shall not be placed on the central registry:

• A finding of physical abuse in which the department has determined the injury resulting from the abuse was minor, 

isolated, and unlikely to reoccur.

• A finding of abuse by failure to provide adequate supervision or by failure to provide adequate clothing, in which 

the department has determined the risk from the abuse to the child’s health and welfare was minor, isolated, and 

unlikely to reoccur.

In regulation: A child protective assessment summary shall consist of two parts as follows and shall include a statement 

of determination of whether the allegation of child abuse was founded, confirmed but not placed on the central abuse 

registry, or not confirmed. The statement shall include a rationale for placing or not placing the case on the central abuse 

registry. 

Kansas

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 38-2223 

When any mandated reporter has reason to suspect that a child has been harmed as a result of physical, mental, or 

emotional abuse or neglect or sexual abuse, the person shall report the matter promptly as provided below. The report 

may be made orally and shall be followed by a written report if requested. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 38-2223

Every report shall contain, if known:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The location of the child if other than the child’s residence 

• The child’s gender, race, and age

• The reasons the reporter suspects the child may be a child in need of care

• The nature and extent of the harm to the child, including any evidence of previous harm

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the harm and the 

identity of the persons responsible for the harm

When reporting a suspicion that a child may be in need of care, the reporter shall disclose protected health information 

freely and cooperate fully with the secretary and law enforcement throughout the investigation and any subsequent legal 

process. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. §§ 38-2223; 22a-242

A mandated reporter who has information relating to the death of a child shall immediately notify the coroner, as 

provided by § 22a-242. 

When a child dies, a law enforcement officer, health-care provider, or any other person having knowledge of the death 

shall immediately notify the coroner of the known facts concerning the time, place, manner, and circumstances of the 

death. 
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Pol. Man. § 1650

A report of a newborn child that involves alcohol or other drug abuse by the child’s mother shall be accepted for 

assessment when the report indicates the potential for failure or refusal of the parent to provide adequate care for the 

child. The assignment determination should focus on the situation of the child rather than solely on the substance abuse 

of the mother. 

When a review of the child’s situation indicates the family may benefit from services, the report should be accepted for 

assessment. The report shall be assigned for a same day response to address any immediate needs of the family. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 38-2223

Reports shall be made to the secretary of Social and Rehabilitation Services, except as follows:

• When the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services is not open for business, reports shall be made to 

the appropriate law enforcement agency. On the next day that the department is open for business, the law 

enforcement agency shall report to the department any report received and any investigation initiated pursuant to 

§ 38-2226. The reports may be made orally or, on request of the secretary, in writing.

• Reports of child abuse or neglect occurring in an institution operated by the Department of Social and 

Rehabilitation Services or the Department of Juvenile Justice shall be made to the attorney general.

• Reports of child abuse or neglect committed by persons employed by the Department of Social and Rehabilitation 

Services, or the children of employees, shall be made to the appropriate law enforcement agency.

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 38-2230; Pol. Man. §§ 1300; 1310

Whenever any person furnishes information to the secretary that a child appears to be a child in need of care, the 

department shall make a preliminary inquiry to determine whether the interests of the child require further action. 

Whenever practicable, the inquiry shall include a preliminary investigation of the circumstances that were the subject 

of the information, including the home and environmental situation and the previous history of the child. If reasonable 

grounds exist to support the allegations of abuse or neglect, immediate steps shall be taken to protect the health and 

welfare of the abused or neglected child, as well as that of any other child under the same care who may be harmed 

by abuse or neglect. After the inquiry, if the secretary determines it is not otherwise possible to provide the services 

necessary to protect the interests of the child, the secretary shall recommend to the county or district attorney that a 

petition be filed.

In regulation: An initial assessment is made to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe abuse or 

neglect exists and immediate steps are needed to protect the health and welfare of the abused or neglected child. An 

initial assessment is made on all reports received by the agency. Following the initial assessment, the following criteria 

shall be used to determine whether the report may be completed with the decision to not assign for further assessment:

• The child has not been harmed or is not likely to be harmed.

• It concerns abuse or neglect that occurred in the past.

• It fails to provide the information necessary to locate the child.

• It is known to be fictitious and/or malicious.

• The incident has been or is being assessed by the department and/or law enforcement.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 38-2226

The department and law enforcement officers shall have the duty to receive and investigate reports of child abuse or 

neglect to determine whether the report is valid and whether action is required to protect the child from further abuse or 

neglect.

If the department and officers determine that no action is necessary to protect the child but that a criminal prosecution 

should be considered, the case shall be referred to the appropriate law enforcement agency.
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Pol. Man. §§ 2010; 2020

Investigatory activities may vary from case to case based on the specifics of the case and will commonly involve the 

following activities:

• Searching child abuse, criminal, and sex offense history records

• Interviewing the reporter and witnesses (if any) to the alleged maltreatment

• Interviewing the child victim, the child’s parents and other caregivers, and the suspected perpetrator

• Visiting the scene of the alleged maltreatment, documenting relevant environmental information, and requesting 

a law enforcement officer to seize physical evidence

• Obtaining relevant records from the department, law enforcement, medical practitioners, or other relevant entities

• Making and documenting behavioral observations such as the appearance and effect of witnesses and alleged 

perpetrators when presented with questions or information about the alleged maltreatment; the child’s behavior 

in the presence of caregivers or the alleged perpetrator; the type and quality of interaction of family members; 

statements; or behaviors of any person that indicate truthfulness or lying; any mental, emotional, or physical 

impairment of any other child or adult; behaviors indicating alcohol or other drug use, etc.

The activities of an assessment may vary from case to case and will commonly involve the following activities:

• Evaluating the quality and sufficiency of the evidence and the plausibility of explanations for the harm

• Considering alternative explanations for the injury

• Evaluating contributing factors according to the safety and risk assessment

• Considering abuse, criminal, and sex offense histories that indicate potential risk and safety concerns

• Reaching a tentative conclusion whether the alleged maltreatment occurred

• Assessing whether there is immediate danger to the child

• Considering alternative protection actions if necessary and selecting one

• Assessing long-term risk of reoccurrence

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Pol. Man. § 1521

When a report alleging child abuse or neglect is assigned for assessment, the supervisor shall determine the appropriate 

response time consistent with the facts reported and according to the following criteria:

• Same Day: When there is reason to believe that a child has been seriously injured or is in immediate serious 

danger

• 72 Hours: All other reports

Classification of Reports

Citation: Pol. Man. § 2502

Reports may be classified as follows:

• Unsubstantiated: The facts or circumstances do not provide clear and convincing evidence to meet the statutory 

definition of abuse or neglect.

• Substantiated: The facts and circumstances provide clear and convincing evidence to conclude the alleged 

perpetrator’s actions or inactions do meet the statutory definition of abuse or neglect.
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Kentucky

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.030

Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected shall immediately make an 

oral or written report, by telephone or otherwise.

A mandated reporter shall file a written report within 48 hours of the original report, if requested. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.030

The written report shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons exercising control or supervision 

over the child

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of the child’s alleged dependency, neglect, or abuse, including any previous charges of 

dependency, neglect, or abuse to the child or any siblings

• The name and address of the person allegedly responsible for the abuse or neglect

• Any other information that the reporter believes may be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 214.160(2)-(6)

Any physician attending a pregnant woman may perform a screening for alcohol or substance dependency or abuse, 

including a comprehensive history of such behavior. Any physician may administer a toxicology test to a mother under 

the physician’s care within 8 hours after she has delivered a baby to determine whether there is evidence that she has 

ingested alcohol or a controlled substance or if she has obstetrical complications that are a medical indication of possible 

use of any such substance for a nonmedical purpose.

Any physician attending a mother may administer to each newborn infant born to that mother a toxicology test to 

determine whether there is evidence of prenatal exposure to alcohol or a controlled substance, if the attending person 

has reason to believe, based on a medical assessment of either patient, that the mother used any such substance for a 

nonmedical purpose during the pregnancy.

The circumstances surrounding any positive toxicology finding shall be evaluated by the attending person to determine 

if abuse or neglect of the infant, as defined under § 600.020(1), has occurred and whether investigation by the Cabinet 

for Health and Family Services is necessary. 

No prenatal screening for alcohol or other substance abuse or positive toxicology finding shall be used as prosecutorial 

evidence. No person shall conduct or cause to be conducted any toxicological test pursuant to this section on any 

pregnant woman without first informing her of the purpose of the test. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.030

Reports may be made to a local law enforcement agency, the Department of Kentucky State Police, the Cabinet for 

Health and Family Services or its designated representative, the Commonwealth attorney, or the county attorney. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.040; Admin. Reg. Tit. 922, § 1:330

Based upon the allegation in the report, the cabinet shall immediately make an initial determination as to the risk of 

harm and immediate safety of the child.

In regulation: Cabinet staff shall attempt to elicit from the reporter as much information as possible about the child’s 

circumstances. If a report does not meet the criteria for investigation or family-in-need-of-services assessment, the 

cabinet shall not accept the report for investigation or assessment but shall refer the caller to a community resource that 

may meet family needs and keep a record of the report. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.040

If the report alleges abuse or neglect by someone other than a parent, guardian, or person exercising custodial control 

or supervision, the cabinet shall immediately notify the Commonwealth or county attorney and the local law enforcement 

agency or the State police. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.040; Admin. Reg. Tit. 922, § 1:330

Based upon the level of risk determined, the cabinet shall investigate the allegation or accept the report for an 

assessment of family needs and, if appropriate, may provide or make referral to any community-based services necessary 

to reduce risk to the child and to provide family support. A report of sexual abuse shall be considered high risk and shall 

not be referred to any other community agency. 

In regulation: An initial determination is conducted to evaluate risk factors to determine immediate safety and risk of 

harm in order to decide whether to proceed with an investigation or a family-in-need-of-services assessment.

Based upon the initial determination that moderate to high risk factors exist, an investigation is conducted to collect 

information and evaluate risk factors to determine if a child has been abused or neglected or is dependent. When a 

moderate or high risk of harm is not present, a family-in-need-of-services assessment is conducted to collect information 

and evaluate risk factors in order to determine strengths and needs of a family. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 620.040; Admin. Reg. Tit. 922, § 1:330

The cabinet shall, within 72 hours, exclusive of weekends and holidays, make a written report to the Commonwealth’s or 

county attorney and the local law enforcement agency or the State Police concerning the action that has been taken on 

the investigation.

In regulation: Based upon an accepted report of child abuse, neglect, or dependency, the cabinet shall make an initial 

determination as to the immediate safety and risk of harm to a child. The following timeframes apply: 

• If the report indicates imminent danger, the investigation shall be initiated within 1 hour.

• If the report indicates nonimminent danger of physical abuse, efforts shall be made to have face-to-face contact 

with the child and family within 24 hours.

• If the report indicates nonimminent danger, not involving physical abuse, efforts shall be made to have face-toface contact with the child and family within 48 hours. 

• An investigation or an assessment shall be initiated within 48 hours within a report of dependency if a child is not 

in imminent danger. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Reg. Tit. 922, § 1:330

Reports shall be classified as follows:

• A report shall be ‘substantiated’ when there is:

» An admission of abuse, neglect, or dependency by the person responsible

» A judicial finding of child abuse, neglect, or dependency

» A preponderance of evidence that abuse, neglect, or dependency was committed by the person alleged to be 

responsible

• A report shall be ‘unsubstantiated’ when there is insufficient evidence, indicators, or justification present for 

substantiation of abuse, neglect, or dependency.

Louisiana

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 609; 610

Notwithstanding any claim of privileged communication, any mandatory reporter who has cause to believe that a 

child’s physical or mental health or welfare is endangered as a result of abuse or neglect or that abuse or neglect was a 

contributing factor in a child’s death shall submit a report. 

If the initial report was made orally, it shall be followed by a written report within 5 days. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 610

The report shall contain the following information, if known:

• The name, address, age, sex, and race of the child

• The nature, extent, and cause of the child’s injuries or endangered condition, including any previous known or 

suspected abuse of the child or the child’s siblings

• The names and addresses of the child’s parents or other caregivers

• The names and ages of all other members of the child’s household

• The name and address of the reporter

• An account of how the child came to reporter’s attention

• Any explanation of the cause of the child’s injury or condition offered by the child, the caregiver, or any other 

person

• The number of times the reporter has filed a report on the child or the child’s siblings

• The person or persons who are thought to have caused or contributed to the child’s condition, if known, and any 

person named by the child

• Any other information the reporter believes might be important or relevant

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 610(A), (E)

Reports of abuse or neglect that were a contributing factor in a child’s death, where the abuser is believed to be a 

caregiver, a person who maintains an interpersonal dating or engagement relationship with the parent or caregiver, or 

a person living in the same residence with the parent or caregiver as a spouse whether married or not, shall be made 

immediately to the department through the designated State child protection reporting hotline telephone number.

The department shall report all cases of child death that involve a suspicion of abuse or neglect as a contributing factor 

in the child’s death to the local or State law enforcement agency, the office of the district attorney, and the coroner. 
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 610(G)

If a physician has cause to believe that a mother of an infant unlawfully used during pregnancy a controlled dangerous 

substance, the physician shall order a toxicology test upon the infant, without the consent of the infant’s parents or 

guardian, to determine whether there is evidence of prenatal neglect. If the test results are positive, the physician shall 

report the results as soon as possible. If the test results are negative, all identifying information shall be obliterated if the 

record is retained, unless the parent approves the inclusion of identifying information. Positive test results shall not be 

admissible in a criminal prosecution.

The version below, as amended by Acts 2007, No. 396, § 1, shall not become effective unless and until sufficient funds 

are appropriated by the legislature for such purposes.

If a physician has cause to believe that a newborn was exposed in utero to an unlawfully used controlled dangerous 

substance, the physician shall order a toxicology test upon the newborn, without the consent of the newborn’s parents 

or guardian, to determine whether there is evidence of prenatal neglect. If the test results are positive, the physician 

shall issue a report, as soon as possible, in accordance with this Article. If the test results are negative, all identifying 

information shall be obliterated if the record is retained, unless the parent approves the inclusion of identifying 

information. Positive test results shall not be admissible in a criminal prosecution.

If there are symptoms of withdrawal in the newborn or other observable and harmful effects in his or her physical 

appearance or functioning that a physician has cause to believe are due to the chronic or severe use of alcohol by the 

mother during pregnancy, the physician shall issue a report in accordance with this Article. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 610

Reports of child abuse or neglect in which the abuser is believed to be a parent or caregiver, a person who maintains an 

interpersonal dating or engagement relationship with the parent or caregiver, or a person living in the same residence 

with the parent or caregiver as a spouse, whether married or not, shall be made immediately to the department through 

the designated State child protection reporting hotline telephone number.

Reports in which the abuse or neglect is believed to be perpetrated by someone other than a caregiver, and the 

caregiver is not believed to have any responsibility for the abuse or neglect, shall be made immediately to a local or 

State law enforcement agency. Dual reporting to both the department through the designated State child protection 

reporting hotline telephone number and the local or State law enforcement agency is permitted.

Any commercial film processor who has knowledge of any film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide depicting a 

child under age 17 in an activity that constitutes child pornography shall report immediately to the local law enforcement 

agency. The reporter shall provide a copy of the film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide to the agency receiving 

the report. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 612; Admin. Code Tit. 67, § 1301

Upon receiving a report of abuse or neglect of a child who is not in the custody of the State, the local child protection 

unit of the department shall promptly assign a level of risk to the child based on the information provided by the 

reporter.

The Department of Children and Family Services shall set priorities for case response and allocate staff resources to cases 

identified by reporters as presenting immediate substantial risk of harm to children. 

In regulation: Reports will be assigned for investigation when the circumstances of the report indicate the reporter has 

cause to believe:

• That substantial risk of harm to the child is present and the child’s physical, mental, or emotional health is seriously 

endangered as a result

• That abuse or neglect already has occurred 

Reports of abuse and/or neglect that provide first-hand information of an injury, or of evidence of an injury to a child, 

such as personal observation of photograph, names of witnesses, medical reports, or police reports, which cause a 

reporter to believe that a child has been injured or is at substantial risk of injury through the action or inaction of the 

child’s caregiver will be investigated. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ch. C. Art. 610

All reports made to any law enforcement agency involving abuse or neglect in which the child’s parent or caregiver, a 

person who maintains an interpersonal dating or engagement relationship with the parent or caregiver, or a person living 

in the same residence with the parent or caregiver as a spouse, whether married or not, is believed responsible shall be 

promptly communicated to the department in accordance with a written working agreement developed between the 

local law enforcement agency and child protection unit.

The department shall promptly communicate abuse or neglect cases not involving a parent, caregiver, or occupant of the 

household to the appropriate law enforcement agency. 

Reports involving a felony-grade crime against a child shall be promptly communicated to the appropriate law 

enforcement authorities as part of the interagency protocols for multidisciplinary investigations of child abuse and 

neglect.

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 612

The investigation shall include a preliminary investigation as to the nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect 

and the identity of the person actually responsible for the child’s condition. This preliminary investigation shall include 

an interview with the child and his or her parents or other caregiver. The preliminary investigation also shall include an 

immediate assessment of any existing visitation or custody order or agreement involving the alleged perpetrator and the 

child. 

In lieu of an investigation, reports of low levels of risk may be assessed promptly through interviews with the family to 

identify needs and available match to community resources. If, during this assessment, it is determined that a child is at 

immediate substantial risk of harm, the local child protection unit shall promptly conduct or participate in an intensive 

investigation.

All interviews of the child or his parents conducted in the course of a child protective investigation shall be taperecorded, if requested by the parent or parents.

Upon determination that there is reason to believe that the child has been abused or neglected, the local child 

protection unit shall conduct a more intensive investigation.
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 612; Admin. Code Tit. 67, § 1301

Reports of high and intermediate levels of risk shall be investigated promptly. 

In regulation: Reports classified as presenting low risk of immediate substantial harm will be assigned a response time of 

24 hours up to 5 calendar days from the date the report was received. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Ch. Code Art. 615 

After investigation, the local child protection unit shall make one of the following determinations:

• The child appears to be a child in need of care and immediate removal is necessary for his or her protection from 

further abuse or neglect.

• The report appears to be justified in that there is evidence of child abuse or neglect, and: 

» A protective order would eliminate the need for removal of the child in order to protect him or her from further 

abuse, in which case it may apply for a temporary restraining order or protective order. 

» All pertinent information shall be reported to the district attorney as soon as possible, but in no case more 

than 30 days after the determination is made.

• The report is inconclusive in that the evidence tends to support a finding of abuse or neglect, but there is not 

enough information to confirm a justified report.

• The report does not appear justified as the evidence does not support a finding of child abuse or neglect.

• The investigation indicates the report appears to be false and that the reporter knowingly made a false report, in 

which case all pertinent information shall be forwarded to the district attorney for a determination of whether the 

evidence supports a finding of a false public report.

Maine

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, §§ 4011-A; 4012

A mandated reporter shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to the Department of Human Services when 

he or she knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been or is likely to be abused or neglected. 

Any person may make a report if that person knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been or is likely 

to be abused or neglected. 

Reports regarding abuse or neglect must be made immediately by telephone to the department and must be followed 

by a written report within 48 hours if requested by the department.

Hospitals, medical personnel, and law enforcement personnel may submit emergency reports through passwordprotected email submissions. A faxed report also may be accepted when preceded by a telephone call informing the 

department of the incoming fax transmission. 
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Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, § 4012

The reports shall include the following information, if known:

• The name and address of the child and the persons responsible for the child’s care or custody

• The child’s age and sex

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect, including a description of any injuries and the explanation given 

for them

• A description of sexual abuse or exploitation, if applicable

• Family composition

• Any evidence of prior abuse of the child or any siblings

• The source of report, the person making the report, his or her occupation, and contact information

• Any action taken by the reporter, including a description of photographs or x-rays taken

• Any other information that the reporter believes may be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, §§ 4011-A; 4002(12)

A mandated reporter shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to the department when the he or she 

knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a suspicious child death has occurred. 

When, while acting in a professional capacity, a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to suspect that a suspicious 

child death has been caused by a person not responsible for the child, he or she immediately shall report or cause a 

report to be made to the appropriate district attorney’s office.

Any person may make a report if that person knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that there has been a suspicious 

child death. 

‘Suspicious child death’ means the death of a child under circumstances in which there is reasonable cause to suspect 

that abuse or neglect was a cause of or factor contributing to the child’s death. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, § 4011-B; 4004-B

If a health-care provider involved in the delivery or care of an infant knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that the 

infant has been affected by illegal substance abuse or is suffering from withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug 

exposure, whether or not the prenatal exposure was to legal or illegal drugs, the provider shall notify the department. 

The report must be made in the same manner as reports of abuse or neglect.

The department shall act to protect newborn infants identified as being affected by illegal substance abuse or suffering 

from withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure, whether or not the prenatal exposure was to legal or 

illegal drugs, regardless of whether or not the infant is abused or neglected. The department shall:

• Receive reports of infants who may be affected by illegal substance abuse or suffering from prenatal drug 

exposure

• Promptly investigate all reports to determine whether each infant reported is affected by an illegal substance

• Determine whether or not each infant reported is affected by illegal substance abuse or suffers from withdrawal 

symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure

• Determine whether or not the infant is abused or neglected and, if so, determine the degree of harm or 

threatened harm in each case

• For each infant whom the department determines to be affected by illegal substance abuse or to be suffering 

from withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure, develop, with the assistance of any health-care 

provider involved in the mother’s or the child’s medical or mental health care, a plan for the safe care of the infant 

and, in appropriate cases, refer the child or mother or both to a social service agency or voluntary substance 

abuse prevention service
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, § 4011-A

Mandated reporters must submit reports to the Department of Human Services.

When, while acting in a professional capacity, a mandated reporter knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child 

has been abused or neglected by a person not responsible for the child, he or she immediately shall report or cause a 

report to be made to the appropriate district attorney’s office. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: CFS Pol. Man. § IV.C

All calls that relate to suspected child abuse and/or neglect will be immediately routed to the Child Protective Intake 

Unit. The Intake Unit will determine if the report is appropriate. The intake worker will gather facts from the reporter 

regarding:

• The identity and location of the parents, children, and relative resources

• The nature of suspected abuse or neglect and the impact on the child

• The reporter’s actions taken thus far, if any

• Other persons who may have direct knowledge and how to contact them

If the information is not sufficient to determine whether the report is appropriate or inappropriate, the worker may, with 

supervisor approval, contact at least one professional person, if available, whom the worker believes will have direct 

knowledge of the child’s current condition. The intake worker also will review previous child welfare history regarding the 

family and the alleged abuser(s).

The worker will analyze the information to determine if the report indicates that there is immediate risk of serious harm. 

If it appears that the child is in immediate risk of serious harm, the worker will contact the intake supervisor immediately 

and the intake supervisor will review the report immediately and notify the appropriate district office supervisor.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, § 4004

The department shall act to protect abused and neglected children, and children in circumstances that present a 

substantial risk of abuse and neglect to prevent further abuse and neglect, to enhance the welfare of these children and 

their families, and to preserve family life wherever possible. The department shall:

• Receive reports of abuse and neglect and suspicious child deaths

• Promptly investigate all abuse and neglect cases and suspicious child deaths coming to its attention 

An investigation under this paragraph is subject to and may not interfere with the authority and responsibility of the 

attorney general to investigate and prosecute homicides. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: CFS Pol. Man. § IV.D

The process of assessment begins with the first contact with or about a family and continues throughout the 

department’s involvement with the family. The assessment policy focuses on family strengths and needs. It focuses on 

assessing the signs of safety, risk, and danger and their impact on child safety, as well as assessing for child abuse and 

neglect types. The policy promotes family engagement and inclusion in a team approach to planning and intervention, 

with child safety first and foremost.

A child protection assessment is a timely and time-limited process of gathering critical individual, family, and 

environmental information in order to determine:

• If a child has been abused or neglected and how severely

• The impact of the abuse and neglect on the child(ren) 

• Signs of safety, risk, and danger

• How likely it is for a child to experience abuse and neglect within the next 6 months

• Caregiver strengths and needs related to child safety

• If this is a family in need of child protective services

• Whether a plan should be developed to assist the family in keeping the children safe

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: CFS Pol. Man. § IV.C

A decision whether to assign for child protective services assessment, refer to contract agency for assessment, or screen 

out should be made within 24 hours of receiving a report. This decision may be delayed only by the need for collateral 

contacts in order to better understand the circumstances of the child.

The department commits to seeing alleged child abuse/neglect victims within 72 hours of approving the report or 

sooner--even immediately--if a more rapid response time is indicated by relevant information in the report. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 22, § 4004; CFS Pol.Man. § IV.D-1

The department shall determine in each case whether or not a child has been harmed and the degree of harm or 

threatened harm by a person responsible for the care of that child by deciding whether allegations are unsubstantiated, 

indicated, or substantiated. Each allegation must be considered separately and may result in a combination of findings. 

In regulation: Reports may be classified as follows: 

• ‘Substantiated’ means that, by a preponderance of the evidence, a parent or caregiver has caused and/or is likely 

to cause high severity child abuse and neglect. This person is considered a danger to children. 

• ‘Indicated’ means that, by a preponderance of the evidence, a parent or caregiver has caused and/or is likely to 

cause low/moderate severity child abuse. Signs of risk also may be present. 

• ‘Unsubstantiated’ means that, by a preponderance of the evidence, a parent or caregiver did not abuse or neglect 

a child. However, signs of risk may be present.

Maryland

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Fam. Law § 5-704

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any law on privileged communications, each mandated reporter, 

acting in a professional capacity in this State who has reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or 

neglect, shall make an oral report by telephone or direct communication as soon as possible. A written report shall be 

made no later than 48 hours after the contact, examination, attention, or treatment that caused the individual to believe 

that the child had been subjected to abuse or neglect.
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Content of Reports

Citation: Fam. Law § 5-704

Insofar as is reasonably possible, an individual who makes a report under this section shall include in the report the 

following information:

• The name, age, and home address of the child

• The name and home address of the child’s parent or other person who is responsible for the child’s care

• The whereabouts of the child

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect of the child, including any evidence or information available to the 

reporter concerning possible previous instances of abuse or neglect 

• Any other information that might be helpful to determine the cause of the suspected abuse or neglect and the 

identity of any individual responsible for the abuse or neglect

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Fam. Law § 5-704

The oral report shall be made to the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency. The written report 

shall be made to the local department, with a copy to the local State’s attorney.

An agency to which an oral report of suspected abuse or neglect is made shall immediately notify the other agency. 

This paragraph does not prohibit a local department and an appropriate law enforcement agency from agreeing to 

cooperative arrangements. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Fam. Law § 5-706

Selected reports of abuse or neglect may be assigned to an alternative response program. Only a low-risk report of 

abuse or neglect may be considered for an alternative response. A report that is not assigned for an alternative response 

shall be assigned for investigation.

Within 24 hours after receiving a report of suspected physical or sexual abuse of a child, and within 5 days after receiving 

a report of suspected neglect or suspected mental injury of a child, the local department or the appropriate law 

enforcement agency shall:

• See the child 

• Attempt to have an onsite interview with the child’s caregiver 

• Decide on the safety of the child, wherever the child is, and of other children in the household

• Decide on the safety of other children in the care or custody of the alleged abuser

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Fam. Law. § 5-706

Promptly after receiving a report of suspected abuse or neglect of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have 

occurred in this State, the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency, or both, if jointly agreed on, 

shall make a thorough investigation of a report of suspected abuse or neglect to protect the health, safety, and welfare of 

the child or children.

The agencies responsible for investigating reported cases of suspected sexual abuse, including the local department, the 

appropriate law enforcement agencies, and the local State’s attorney, shall implement a joint investigation procedure for 

conducting joint investigations of sexual abuse. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Fam. Law. § 5-706

The investigation shall include:

• A determination of the nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect, if any

• If mental injury is suspected, an assessment by two of the following: a licensed physician, psychologist, or social 

worker

If the suspected abuse or neglect is verified:

• A determination of the identity of the person or persons responsible for the abuse or neglect

• A determination of the name, age, and condition of any other child in the household

• An evaluation of the parents and the home environment

• A determination of any other pertinent facts or matters 

• A determination of any needed services

An ‘alternative response’ is a comprehensive assessment of:

• Risk of harm to the child

• Risk of subsequent child abuse or neglect

• Family strengths and needs

• The provision of or referral for necessary services

When a report is referred for an alternative response, the local department shall:

• See the child and the child’s parent or primary caregiver within 24 hours of receiving a report of physical abuse or 

within 5 days of receiving a report of neglect

• Attempt to have an onsite interview with the child’s parent or primary caregiver

• Evaluate the child’s home environment

• Decide on the safety of the child, wherever the child is, and of other children in the household

• Decide on the safety of other children in the care or custody of the individual suspected of abuse or neglect

• Advise the appropriate law enforcement agency that the report has been assigned for an alternative response, if 

the law enforcement agency made the report of abuse or neglect

• Inform the individual suspected of child abuse or neglect of the allegations made against the individual in a 

manner consistent with laws protecting the rights of the person who made the report

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Fam. Law. § 5-706

To the extent possible, an investigation shall be completed within 10 days after receipt of the first notice of the 

suspected abuse or neglect by the local department or law enforcement agencies. An investigation that is not completed 

within 30 days shall be completed within 60 days of receipt of the first notice of the suspected abuse or neglect. 

Within 10 days after the local department or law enforcement agency receives the first notice of suspected abuse of a 

child, the local department or law enforcement agency shall report to the local State’s attorney the preliminary findings of 

the investigation. Within 5 business days after completion of the investigation, the local department and the appropriate 

law enforcement agency, if that agency participated in the investigation, shall make a complete written report of its 

findings to the local State’s attorney.

An alternative response assessment shall be completed within 60 days after the receipt of the report. Within 10 days 

after completing the alternative response assessment, the department shall provide a written report to the family 

members who are participating in the alternative response assessment as to whether and what services are necessary to 

address:

• The safety of the child or other children in the household

• The risk of subsequent abuse or neglect
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Fam. Law. § 5-701

Reports may be classified as follows:

• ‘Indicated’ means a finding that there is credible evidence, which has not been satisfactorily refuted, that abuse, 

neglect, or sexual abuse did occur. 

• ‘Unsubstantiated’ means a finding that there is an insufficient amount of evidence to support a finding of indicated 

or ruled out. 

• ‘Ruled out’ means a finding that abuse, neglect, or sexual abuse did not occur.

Massachusetts

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51A

A mandated reporter shall make an oral report immediately when, in his or her professional capacity, he or she has 

reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering physical or emotional injury resulting from:

• Abuse inflicted upon him or her that causes harm or substantial risk of harm to the child’s health or welfare, 

including sexual abuse

• Neglect, including malnutrition

• Being a sexually exploited child

• Being a human trafficking victim, as defined by chapter 233, § 20M

Within 48 hours of making the oral report, the mandated reporter shall file a written report detailing the suspected abuse 

or neglect. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51A

A report filed under this section shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other person responsible for the child’s care, if 

known

• The child’s age and sex

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, abuse, maltreatment, or neglect, including any evidence of prior 

injuries, abuse, maltreatment, or neglect

• The circumstances under which the person required to report first became aware of the child’s injuries, abuse, 

maltreatment, or neglect 

• Whatever action, if any, was taken to treat, shelter, or otherwise assist the child

• The name of the person or persons making the report

• Any other information that the person reporting believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injuries

• The identity of the person or persons responsible for the neglect or injuries

• Other information required by the department

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51A

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has died as a result of any of the conditions listed 

above shall report the death to the district attorney for the county in which the death occurred and the Office of the 

Chief Medical Examiner. 
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51A

A mandated reporter who, in his or her professional capacity, has reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering 

physical or emotional injury resulting from physical dependence upon an addictive drug at birth shall immediately 

communicate with the department orally and, within 48 hours, shall file a written report with the department detailing the 

suspected abuse or neglect. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51A

Both the oral and written reports shall be submitted to the Department of Children and Families. A mandated reporter 

may, in addition to filing a report under this section, contact local law enforcement authorities or the child advocate 

about the suspected abuse or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Code of Regs. Tit. 110, §§ 4.21; 4.25

Upon receipt of a report, the department immediately shall screen the report. The purpose of screening is to identify 

children at risk of abuse or neglect from a caregiver and to distinguish the need for an emergency or nonemergency 

response.

If the screener determines that the report constitutes an event or subject matter within the department’s mandate and 

that the reported condition poses a threat of immediate danger to the life, health, or physical safety of the child, then 

the screener shall designate the report an ‘emergency report’ and cause the matter to be assigned for an immediate 

investigation.

If the screener determines that the reported condition does not pose a threat of immediate danger to the life, health, or 

physical safety of the child, then the screener shall designate the report a ‘nonemergency report’ and cause the matter to 

be assigned for an investigation as provided in 110 CMR 4.27. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51B

Upon receipt of a report, the department shall investigate the suspected child abuse or neglect, provide a written 

evaluation of the household of the child, including the parents and home environment, and make a written determination 

relative to the safety of and risk posed to the child. The department shall coordinate with other agencies to make all 

reasonable efforts to minimize the number of interviews of any potential victim of child abuse or neglect.

The department shall immediately report to the district attorney and local law enforcement authorities a sexually 

exploited child or a child who is otherwise a human trafficking victim, regardless of whether the child is living with a 

parent, guardian, or other caregiver. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51B

The investigation shall include:

• A home visit at which the child is observed, if appropriate

• A determination of the nature, extent, and cause or causes of the injuries

• The identity of the person or persons responsible for the injuries

• The name, age, and condition of other children in the same household

• An evaluation of the parents and the home environment

• All other pertinent facts or matters

Upon completion of the investigation and evaluation, the department shall make a written determination relative to:

• The safety of the child and risk of physical or emotional injury to that child

• The safety of and risk to any other children in the household

• Whether the suspected child abuse or neglect is substantiated
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51B

The investigation of all emergency reports shall commence within 2 hours of initial contact and shall be completed within 

5 working days after the receipt of the report. 

The investigation of all nonemergency reports shall commence within 2 working days of initial contact and shall be 

completed within 15 working days following the receipt of the report.

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Laws Ch. 119, § 51B; Code of Regs. Tit. 110, § 4.32

Upon receipt of a report, the department shall investigate the suspected child abuse or neglect and make a written 

determination as to whether the suspected child abuse or neglect is substantiated.

If the department determines during the initial screening period of an investigation that a report is frivolous, or other 

absolute determination that abuse or neglect has not taken place, such report shall be declared as ‘allegation invalid.’ 

In regulation: After completion of its investigation, the department shall make a determination as to whether the 

allegations in the report are ‘supported’ or ‘unsupported.’ 

To support a report means that the department has reasonable cause to believe that an incident of abuse or neglect by 

a caregiver did occur. To support a report does not mean that the department has made any finding with regard to the 

perpetrator(s) of the reported incident of abuse or neglect. It simply means that there is reasonable cause to believe that 

some caregiver did inflict abuse or neglect upon the child in question. 

‘Reasonable cause to believe’ means a collection of facts, knowledge, or observations that tend to support or are 

consistent with the allegations, and when viewed in light of the surrounding circumstances and credibility of persons 

providing information, would lead one to conclude that a child has been abused or neglected. 

Michigan

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.623(1)

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect child abuse or neglect shall make immediately, by telephone 

or otherwise, an oral report, or cause an oral report to be made, of the suspected child abuse or neglect to the Family 

Independence Agency (department). Within 72 hours after making the oral report, the reporting person shall file a 

written report. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.623(2)

The written report shall contain:

• The name of the child and a description of the abuse or neglect

• If possible, the names and addresses of the child’s parents, guardian, or persons with whom the child resides, and 

the child’s age

• Other information available to the reporting person that might establish the cause of the abuse or neglect, and 

the manner in which the abuse or neglect occurred

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.628b

If a central registry case involves a child’s death, the department shall refer the case to the prosecuting attorney for the 

county in which the child is located. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.623a

A mandated reporter who knows, or from the child’s symptoms has reasonable cause to suspect, that a newborn infant 

has any amount of alcohol, a controlled substance, or a metabolite of a controlled substance in his or her body, shall 

report to the department in the same manner as other reports. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.623

The written report required in this section shall be mailed or otherwise transmitted to the county department of the 

county in which the child suspected of being abused or neglected is found.

Upon receipt of a written report of suspected child abuse or neglect, the department may provide copies to the 

prosecuting attorney and the probate court of the counties in which the child suspected of being abused or neglected 

resides and is found. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Pol. Man, §§ 712-1; 712-8

Intake begins when a complaint alleging child abuse and/or neglect is received by the department. The intake process 

is focused on initial fact gathering and evaluation of information to determine the validity of the complaint and to assess 

the level of risk to the child. Evaluation of the complaint information determines the nature and priority of the initial 

response.

In order for a report to be assigned for Child Protective Services (CPS) investigation, the complaint allegations must 

minimally meet the child protection law definitions of child abuse and/or neglect to be appropriate for assignment. The 

elements that must be present in order to assign a complaint for investigation include allegations of harm or threatened 

harm to a child’s health or welfare through nonaccidental or neglectful behavior by a person responsible for the child’s 

health and welfare. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.628

Within 24 hours after receiving a report, the department shall refer the report to the prosecuting attorney and the local 

law enforcement agency if the report indicates that the suspected abuse or neglect was a criminal act, was committed 

by an individual who is not a person responsible for the child’s health or welfare, or involves allowing a child to be 

exposed to methamphetamine production, or shall commence an investigation of the child suspected of being abused 

or neglected or exposed to or who has had contact with methamphetamine production.

In conducting its investigation, the department shall seek the assistance of and cooperate with law enforcement officials 

within 24 hours after becoming aware that one or more of the following conditions exist:

• Abuse or neglect is the suspected cause of a child’s death.

• The child is the victim of suspected sexual abuse or sexual exploitation.

• Abuse or neglect resulting in severe physical injury to the child requires medical treatment or hospitalization.

• Law enforcement intervention is necessary for the protection of the child, a department employee, or another 

person involved in the investigation.

• The alleged perpetrator of the child’s injury is not a person responsible for the child’s health or welfare.

• The child has been exposed to or had contact with methamphetamine production.

Involvement of law enforcement officials under this section does not relieve or prevent the department from proceeding 

with its investigation or treatment if there is reasonable cause to suspect that the child abuse or neglect was committed 

by a person responsible for the child’s health or welfare. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.628; Pol. Man. § 713-1

At the time that an investigator contacts an individual about whom a report has been made, the investigator shall advise 

that individual of the investigator’s name, whom the investigator represents, and the specific complaints or allegations 

made against the individual.

In the course of its investigation, the department shall determine if the child is abused or neglected.

In regulation: CPS must:

• Take prompt action on every complaint assigned for investigation

• Commence the investigation within 24 hours 

• Assess child safety and the services needs of the family

• Include contacts with the reporting person, the family, and other informational sources, as needed, for verification 

of the accuracy of the complaint and clarification of the situation

• Observe the scene (at the home or a location other than the home) where the alleged abuse/neglect occurred, as 

well as any objects alleged to have been involved

• Observe and document each caregiver and alleged perpetrator’s photo identification 

• Verify and document the dates of birth given by all adults living within the home, including, but not limited to, 

noncustodial and putative parents, as well as any adults associated with the case

• Conduct a thorough inquiry of family background, including a central registry clearance on parents and all persons 

listed on the complaint who are age 18 or older and a criminal history check

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Pol. Man. § 713-9

Investigation must be completed 30 days from the department’s receipt of the complaint. This includes completion of 

the safety assessment, risk assessment, and family and child assessments of needs and strengths. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Comp. Laws § 722.628d

Allegations of child abuse may be classified as follows: 

• Category V: Services not needed. There is no evidence of child abuse or neglect.

• Category IV: Community services recommended. There is not a preponderance of evidence of child abuse or 

neglect, but there is an indication of future risk of harm to the child.

• Category III: Community services needed. There is a preponderance of evidence of child abuse or neglect and an 

indication of low or moderate risk of future harm to the child.

• Category II: Child protective services required. There is evidence of child abuse or neglect and an indication of 

high or intensive risk of future harm to the child. The department shall open a protective services case, provide 

services, and list the perpetrator on the central registry.

• Category I: Court petition required. There is evidence of child abuse or neglect, the child is not safe, and a 

petition for removal is needed.

Minnesota

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 3, 7

A person who knows or has reason to believe a child is being neglected or physically or sexually abused, or a child has 

been neglected or physically or sexually abused within the preceding 3 years, immediately shall make a report. 

An oral report shall be made immediately by telephone or otherwise. An oral report made by a mandated reporter 

shall be followed within 72 hours, exclusive of weekends and holidays, by a report in writing to the appropriate police 

department, the county sheriff, the agency responsible for assessing or investigating the report, or the local welfare 

agency, unless the appropriate agency has informed the reporter that the oral information does not constitute a report.
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Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 7

Any report shall be of sufficient content to identify:

• The child

• Any person believed to be responsible for the abuse or neglect, if known

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect

• The name and address of the reporter

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 9

When a mandated reporter knows or has reason to believe that a child has died as a result of neglect, physical abuse, 

or sexual abuse, the reporter shall immediately report that information to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner 

instead of the local welfare agency, police department, or county sheriff. 

Medical examiners or coroners shall notify the local welfare agency, police department, or county sheriff in instances in 

which they believe that the child has died as a result of neglect, physical abuse, or sexual abuse. The medical examiner 

or coroner shall complete an investigation as soon as feasible and report the findings to the police department or county 

sheriff and the local welfare agency. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Stat. §§ 626.5561; 626.5562

A mandated reporter shall immediately report to the local welfare agency when there is reason to believe that a pregnant 

woman has used a controlled substance for a nonmedical purpose, including, but not limited to, tetrahydrocannabinol, 

or has consumed alcoholic beverages during the pregnancy in any way that is habitual or excessive. An oral report shall 

be made immediately by telephone or otherwise. An oral report made by a mandated reporter shall be followed within 

72 hours by a written report. Any report shall be of sufficient content to identify the pregnant woman, the nature and 

extent of the use, if known, and the name and address of the reporter.

A physician shall administer a toxicology test to a mother within 8 hours after delivery to determine whether there is 

evidence that she has ingested a controlled substance, if the woman has obstetrical complications that are an indication 

of possible use of a controlled substance for a nonmedical purpose. A physician shall administer to each newborn infant 

born under the physician’s care a toxicology test to determine whether there is evidence of prenatal exposure to a 

controlled substance, if the physician has reason to believe based on a medical assessment of the mother or the infant 

that the mother used a controlled substance for a nonmedical purpose during the pregnancy. If the results of either test 

are positive, the physician shall report the results as neglect under § 626.556.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 3

A report shall be made to the local welfare agency, the agency responsible for assessing or investigating the report, the 

police department, or the county sheriff. 
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Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 7, 10

The local welfare agency shall determine if the report is accepted for an assessment or investigation as soon as possible 

but in no event longer than 24 hours after the report is received. 

Upon receipt of a report, the local welfare agency shall determine whether to conduct a family assessment or an 

investigation, as appropriate, to prevent or provide a remedy for child maltreatment. The local welfare agency:

• Shall conduct an investigation on reports involving substantial child endangerment

• Shall begin an immediate investigation if, at any time when it is using a family assessment response, it determines 

that there is reason to believe that substantial child endangerment or a serious threat to the child’s safety exists

• May conduct a family assessment for reports that do not allege substantial child endangerment

• May conduct a family assessment on a report that was initially screened and assigned for an investigation

In determining that a family assessment is appropriate, the local welfare agency may consider issues of child safety, 

parental cooperation, and the need for an immediate response. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 3b, 3c, 3e, 3f

The Department of Education is the agency responsible for assessing or investigating allegations of child maltreatment in 

schools.

The county local welfare agency is the agency responsible for assessing or investigating allegations of maltreatment in 

child foster care, family child care, legally unlicensed child care, juvenile correctional facilities located in the local welfare 

agency’s county, and reports involving children served by an unlicensed personal care provider organization.

The Department of Human Services is the agency responsible for assessing or investigating allegations of maltreatment 

in facilities licensed under chapters 245A and 245B, except for child foster care and family child care. The Department 

of Health is the agency responsible for assessing or investigating allegations of child maltreatment in facilities licensed 

under §§ 144.50 to 144.58 and 144A.46.

The local welfare agency is the agency responsible for investigating allegations of sexual abuse if the alleged offender is 

the parent, guardian, sibling, an individual functioning within the family unit as a person responsible for the child’s care, 

or a person with a significant relationship to the child if that person resides in the child’s household.

The local law enforcement agency has responsibility for investigating any report of child maltreatment if a violation of a 

criminal statute is alleged. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 10

In conducting a family assessment or investigation, the local welfare agency shall gather information on the existence 

of substance abuse and domestic violence and offer services for purposes of preventing future child maltreatment, 

safeguarding and enhancing the welfare of the abused or neglected minor, and supporting and preserving family life 

whenever possible. If the family assessment or investigation indicates there is a potential for abuse of alcohol or other 

drugs by the parent, guardian, or person responsible for the child’s care, the local welfare agency shall conduct a 

chemical use assessment.

The local welfare agency conducting the family assessment or investigation shall collect available and relevant 

information to determine child safety, risk of subsequent child maltreatment, and family strengths and needs and shall 

share nonpublic information with an Indian’s Tribal social services agency without violating any law of the State that may 

otherwise impose duties of confidentiality on the local welfare agency in order to implement the Tribal-State agreement. 

The agency responsible for investigating the report shall collect available and relevant information to ascertain whether 

maltreatment occurred and whether protective services are needed. Information collected includes, when relevant, 

information with regard to:

• The person reporting the alleged maltreatment, including the nature of the reporter’s relationship to the child and 

to the alleged offender, and the basis of the reporter’s knowledge for the report

• The child allegedly being maltreated

• The alleged offender

• The child’s caregiver

• Other collateral sources having relevant information related to the alleged maltreatment

The agency investigating the report may make a determination of no maltreatment early in an investigation, and close 

the case and retain immunity, if the collected information shows no basis for a full investigation. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 10e

The local welfare agency shall conclude the family assessment or the investigation within 45 days of the receipt of a 

report. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 626.556, Subd. 10e

After conducting a family assessment, the local welfare agency shall determine whether services are needed to address 

the safety of the child and other family members and the risk of subsequent maltreatment.

After conducting an investigation, the local welfare agency shall make two determinations:

• Whether maltreatment has occurred

• Whether child protective services are needed

No determination of maltreatment shall be made when the alleged perpetrator is a child younger than age 10.

If the Commissioner of Education conducts an assessment or investigation, the commissioner shall determine whether 

maltreatment occurred and what corrective or protective action was taken by the school facility.

When maltreatment is determined in an investigation involving a facility, the investigating agency also shall determine 

whether the facility or individual was responsible or whether both the facility and the individual were responsible for the 

maltreatment. 

Mississippi

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 43-21-353

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused or neglected shall immediately make an 

oral report to the Department of Human Services, to be followed as soon as possible by a written report. 
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Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 43-21-353

Any report to the department shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child, the child’s parents, or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of injuries, including any evidence of prior injuries

• Any other information that might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injury and the identity of the 

perpetrator

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 43-21-353 

The Department of Human Services shall maintain a statewide incoming wide-area telephone service or similar service 

for the purpose of receiving reports of suspected cases of child abuse.

When the department receives a report, it shall immediately make a referral to the Youth Court intake unit. The intake 

unit shall promptly comply with § 43-21-357. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Code of Rules, 11-006-102

When a report is received, the department will determine:

• If the family can be located

• If the alleged perpetrator is a parent, guardian, relative, someone in a caregiving role, out-of-home care or foster 

care provider, other legal caregiver, or a person the parent allows to have access to the child

• If the report alleges maltreatment of the child that meets statutory and department criteria of maltreatment

• If the child has been harmed or is in imminent risk of being harmed

After gathering as much information as possible, department staff will screen the report; this task must be completed 

immediately upon receipt of report. Staff will use the statutory criteria to make the screening decision:

• Level One: A report that does not meet the statutory criteria is screened out and may receive a referral for 

information or for services.

• Level Two: A report that meets the statutory criteria but is not considered felony child abuse, or the alleged victim 

is not a foster child, is screened in and assigned to a worker who must initiate the investigation within 72 hours of 

assignment.

• Level Three: A report that is considered a felony or involves a foster child is screened in and assigned for 

investigation. The assigned worker has 24 hours from assignment to initiate the investigation.
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 43-21-357; 43-21-353 

If the Youth Court intake unit receives a neglect or abuse report, the intake unit shall immediately forward the complaint 

to the Department of Human Services to promptly make an investigation or report concerning the child and any other 

children in the same environment and promptly present the findings to the Youth Court intake unit.

In any investigation of a report made under this chapter of the abuse or neglect of a child, the department may request 

the appropriate law enforcement officer with jurisdiction to accompany the department in its investigation. In such cases 

the law enforcement officer shall comply with such request.

Upon receiving a report that a child has been abused in such a manner as to cause serious bodily harm or abuse that 

would be a felony under State or Federal law, the department shall immediately notify the law enforcement agency in 

whose jurisdiction the abuse occurred and shall notify the appropriate prosecutor within 48 hours. The law enforcement 

agency and the department shall investigate the reported abuse immediately, file a preliminary report with the 

appropriate prosecutor’s office within 24 hours, and make additional reports as new or additional information or evidence 

becomes available. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Code of Rules, 11-006-102

If contact information is provided on the reporter, the worker assigned the investigation will contact the reporter as the 

first step in the investigation. The purposes of contacting the reporter are:

• To get additional information in regard to the abuse or neglect being reported

• To inform the reporter of the role and purpose of the department in its response to the report

The investigation will include interviews with the parent, guardian, caregiver, or alleged perpetrator and the alleged child 

victim. Medical examinations of children should occur when there are specific allegations indicating injury that can be 

corroborated and verified by an examination and the initial phases of the investigation reveal information indicating that 

a medical examination is necessary and warranted in order to determine whether or not there is evidence to substantiate 

any harm or maltreatment.

A safety assessment is completed in all situations in which the report has been assigned a Level Two or Level Three 

investigation. The safety assessment addresses the following areas:

• Physical harm or injury

• Neglect of basic needs

• Family strengths and needs

• Prior history of abuse, neglect, exploitation, or domestic violence

• Protective capacity of the parent or caregiver

A risk assessment assesses the well-being of the child and the risk factors for abuse and neglect, including:

• The nature of the abuse and/or neglect

• The caregiver’s ability to provide basic needs

• The parent or caregiver’s level of functioning and support system

• Family and caregiver-child relationships, including parenting style, parenting knowledge and skill, and discipline 

techniques

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Code of Rules, 11-006-102

The safety assessment is completed within 7 calendar days of the report being assigned. The risk assessment shall be 

addressed simultaneously with the safety assessment but must be completed within 25 calendar days of assignment and 

along with the completed investigation. The supervisor has 5 calendar days to approve the findings. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Code of Rules, 11-006-102

When the worker completes an investigation, a determination is made to support the disposition of the report. Report 

findings are either substantiated or unsubstantiated. This determination is made based upon:

• Substantiation criteria

• The Safety Checklist for Children 

• The results of the safety and risk assessments 

• The information gathered in interviews

• Direct observation

• Medical or psychological information

Missouri

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.115

When a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been or may be subjected to abuse or 

neglect, that person shall immediately cause an oral report to be made to the Children’s Division of the Department of 

Social Services. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.130

Reports shall contain the following information:

• The names and addresses of the child, the child’s parents, or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The child’s age, sex, and race

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, abuse, or neglect, including any evidence of previous injuries, abuse, 

or neglect to the child or the child’s siblings

• The name, age, and address of the person responsible for the child’s injuries, if known

• Family composition 

• The source of the report

• The name, address, occupation, and contact information of the reporter

• Actions taken by the reporter

• Any other information that might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.115

Any mandated reporter who has probable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report that fact to the medical examiner or coroner. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 191.737

Any physician or health-care provider may refer to the Department of Health and Senior Services families in which 

children may have been exposed to a controlled substance or alcohol, as evidenced by:

• Medical documentation of signs and symptoms consistent with controlled substances or alcohol exposure at birth

• Results of a confirmed toxicology test performed on the mother or the child at the child’s birth

• A written assessment made by a physician, health-care provider, or the Division of Family Services that documents 

the child as being at risk of abuse or neglect

Nothing in this section shall preclude a physician or other mandated reporter from reporting abuse or neglect of a child 

as required by the provisions of § 210.115. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.115

Reports shall be made to the Children’s Division of the Department of Social Services. 

Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.145; Code of Regs. Tit. 13, § 35-20.010

The division shall utilize structured decision-making protocols for classification purposes of all child abuse and neglect 

reports. The protocols developed by the division shall give priority to ensuring the well-being and safety of the child. All 

child abuse and neglect reports shall be initiated within 24 hours and shall be classified based upon the reported risk and 

injury to the child.

In regulation: All reports received by the hotline shall be screened within 24 hours of receipt and shall be classified based 

upon the reported safety risk and injury to the child. In all cases, the division must have face-to-face contact with all 

children in the alleged victim’s household within 72 hours.

If the call is screened in, it will be accepted as a child abuse/neglect report and sent to the county office. If the call is 

screened out, the call will be documented and entered into the database, but no further action will be taken unless the 

division decides to refer it for appropriate community service. After response assignment, the report is sent to the local 

division office for review. The local division office has the option to change the response assignment, given additional 

information or prior history with the family. Each investigation will be classified as a 3-hour, 24-hour, or 72-hour call, 

based upon information received by the hotline. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.145 

The local office shall contact the appropriate law enforcement agency immediately upon receipt of a report that division 

personnel determine merits an investigation and provide such agency with a detailed description of the report received. 

In such cases, the local division office shall request the assistance of the local law enforcement agency in all aspects of 

the investigation. 

The local office of the division shall cause an investigation or family assessment and services approach to be initiated in 

accordance with established protocols.

Multidisciplinary teams shall be used whenever conducting the investigation in conjunction with local law enforcement. 

Multidisciplinary teams shall be used in providing protective or preventive social services, including the services of law 

enforcement, a liaison of the local public school, the juvenile officer, the juvenile court, and other agencies, both public 

and private. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.145 

The investigation shall include, but not be limited to:

• The nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect

• The identity and age of the person responsible for the abuse or neglect

• The names and conditions of other children in the home, if any

• The home environment and the relationship of the subject child to the parents or other persons responsible for 

the child’s care

• Any indication of incidents of physical violence against any other household or family member

• Other pertinent data

When a report has been made by a mandated reporter, the division shall contact that person within 48 hours of the 

receipt of the report in order to ensure that full information has been received and to obtain any additional information 

or medical records, or both, that may be pertinent.

If the appropriate local division personnel determine after an investigation has begun that completing an investigation is 

not appropriate, the division shall conduct a family assessment. For the family assessment, the division shall:

• Assess any service needs of the family

• Provide services that are voluntary and time-limited unless it is determined by the division based on the 

assessment of risk that there will be a high risk of abuse or neglect if the family refuses to accept the services

• Commence an immediate investigation if at any time during the family assessment the division determines that an 

investigation is required

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.145 

If the report indicates that educational neglect is the only complaint and there is no suspicion of other neglect or abuse, 

the investigation shall be initiated within 72 hours of receipt of the report. If the report indicates the child is in danger 

of serious physical harm or threat to life, an investigation shall include direct observation of the subject child within 24 

hours. 

The division shall complete all investigations within 30 days unless good cause for the failure to complete the 

investigation is documented in the information system. If a child involved in a pending investigation dies, the 

investigation shall remain open until the division’s investigation surrounding the death is completed.

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 210.152

The results of the investigation shall be classified as either of the following:

• That the division has determined by a probable cause finding prior to August 28, 2004, or by a preponderance of 

the evidence after August 28, 2004, that abuse or neglect exists 

• That the division has not made a probable cause finding or determined by a preponderance of the evidence that 

abuse or neglect exists

Montana

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-201

When a mandated reporter knows or has reasonable cause to suspect, as a result of information they receive in their 

professional or official capacity, that a child is abused or neglected, he or she shall promptly make a report to the 

Department of Public Health and Human Services. 
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Content of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-201

The report must contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• To the extent known, the nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of prior injuries

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injuries or 

showing the willful neglect and the identity of the person or persons responsible for the injury or neglect

• The facts that led the reporter to believe that the child suffered injury or willful neglect

Reporting Suspicious Deaths 

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-206

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report that suspicion to the appropriate medical examiner or law enforcement officer. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants 

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-201(3)

A physician or other health-care professional involved in the delivery or care of an infant shall report to the department 

any infant known to the professional to be affected by a dangerous drug, as defined in § 50-32-101. 

Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Admin. Rules R. 37.47.302

All reports of child abuse or neglect must be made through the child abuse hotline. 

Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-202; Admin. Rules R. 37.47.303

Upon receipt of a report that a child is or has been abused or neglected, the department shall promptly assess the 

information contained in the report and make a determination regarding the level of response required and the 

timeframe within which action must be initiated. 

In regulation: When the child abuse hotline receives an incoming communication, the intake specialist will use 

standardized questions to screen the communication and determine:

• The type of child abuse or neglect alleged

• The level of response required 

• How the report will be classified

When the incoming communication received by the hotline contains an allegation of child abuse or neglect requiring 

investigation, the intake specialist shall transmit the report to a local office for a response pursuant to § 41-3-202.

When an incoming communication received by the hotline results in a report alleging child abuse or neglect that 

indicates a child may be in immediate danger of serious harm, thus requiring an immediate response, the intake 

specialist will promptly contact the appropriate social worker in the field designated to receive those reports and verbally 

inform the field social worker of:

• The nature of the concerns

• Where the child or children of concern can be located

• Any other information necessary to facilitate protection of the child or children

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-202

If the department determines that an investigation is required, a social worker, the county attorney, or a peace officer 

shall promptly conduct a thorough investigation into the circumstances surrounding the allegations of abuse or neglect 

of the child. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-202

An initial investigation of alleged abuse or neglect may be conducted when an anonymous report is received. However, 

the investigation must within 48 hours result in the development of independent, corroborative, and attributable 

information in order for the investigation to continue. Without the development of independent, corroborative, and 

attributable information, a child may not be removed from the home. 

The social worker is responsible for assessing the family and planning for the child. If the child is treated at a medical 

facility, the social worker, county attorney, or peace officer, consistent with reasonable medical practice, has the right of 

access to the child for interviews, photographs, and securing of physical evidence and has the right of access to relevant 

hospital and medical records pertaining to the child. If an interview of the child is considered necessary, the social worker, 

county attorney, or peace officer may conduct an interview of the child. The interview may be conducted in the presence 

of the parent or guardian or an employee of the school or daycare facility attended by the child. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-202

The investigating social worker shall furnish a written report to the department within 60 days of commencing an 

investigation. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 41-3-202

From the results of the investigation, the department shall determine whether the report is substantiated, unfounded, or 

unsubstantiated. 

Nebraska

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 28-711

When a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect, he or 

she shall report to the proper law enforcement agency or the Department of Health and Human Services on the toll-free 

number.

The report may be made orally by telephone with the caller giving his or her name and address, and shall be followed by 

a written report. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 28-711

The report shall contain:

• The address and age of the child

• The address of the person having custody of the child

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect or the conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in 

abuse or neglect

• Any evidence of previous abuse or neglect

• Any other information that in the opinion of the reporter may be helpful in establishing the cause of the child 

abuse or neglect and the identity of the perpetrator or perpetrators

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.
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Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 28-711

The department shall establish a statewide toll-free number to be used by any person any hour of the day or night, any 

day of the week, to make reports of child abuse or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Rules & Regs. Tit. 39, § 3-006.02 

Allegations that meet the definition of child abuse and neglect will be assigned for assessment. When a reporting party’s 

concerns do not meet the definition of child maltreatment, but other agencies or department programs exist to deal with 

the concern, the report will be referred to the appropriate agency or program. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 28-713; Rules & Regs. Tit. 390, § 4-008.01

It is the duty of the law enforcement agency to investigate the report, to take immediate steps to protect the child, and 

to institute legal proceedings, if appropriate. The law enforcement agency may request assistance from the department 

during the investigation and shall, by the next working day, notify either the hotline or the department of receipt of 

the report, including whether or not an investigation is being undertaken by the law enforcement agency. A copy of all 

reports, whether or not an investigation is being undertaken, shall be provided to the department. 

In regulation: All department assessments on suspected child abuse and neglect will be coordinated with the 

appropriate law enforcement agency. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Rules & Regs. Tit. 390, §§ 3-006.02; 4-004.02; 4-005 

When law enforcement has investigated a report and has reported its findings to the department, the department will 

enter the findings in the central registry. The department will not begin another assessment unless the law enforcement 

investigation indicates the child is at continued risk or the information on the family is incomplete.

When a child is an alleged victim of abuse or neglect by his or her parent, a worker has the authority to contact the child 

to conduct an interview necessary for an assessment.

The following tasks apply to any initial assessment conducted by Child Protective Services:

• Interview the child, parents, siblings, and other relevant family members or collateral contacts

• Gather information from any other sources who may have information about the presenting problem or alleged 

maltreatment or the risk and safety of the children

• Observe the child, siblings, and parents

• Observe the interaction among family members and the home and neighborhood

• Document and analyze the information gathered

Specific areas for observation are:

• The physical condition of the children, including any observable effects of maltreatment

• The emotional status of the children, including mannerisms, signs of fear, and development status

• The emotional and behavioral status of the parents during the interviewing process, levels of denial and 

resistance, and use of defense mechanisms 

• Interactions among the family members, including oral and facial expressions and body language

• The physical status of the home, including cleanliness, structure, hazards, or dangerous living conditions 

• Signs of excessive alcohol use and use of illicit drugs

• The climate of the neighborhood, including level of violence and support, and accessibility of transportation, 

telephones, or other means of communication

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

This issue is not address in the statutes and regulations reviewed. 
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Classification of Reports 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 28-720; Rules & Regs. Tit. 390, § 4-008.01

All cases entered into the central register shall be classified as one of the following:

• Court substantiated: If a court of competent jurisdiction has entered a judgment of guilty against the subject of 

the report of child abuse or neglect upon a criminal complaint, indictment, or information, or there has been an 

adjudication of jurisdiction of a juvenile court over the child that relates to the report of child abuse or neglect

• Court pending: If a criminal complaint, indictment, or information or a juvenile petition that relates to the subject 

of the report of abuse or neglect has been filed and is pending in a court of competent jurisdiction

• Agency substantiated: If the department’s determination of child abuse or neglect against the subject of 

the report of child abuse or neglect was supported by a preponderance of the evidence and based upon an 

investigation

In regulation: Based on the information gathered and analyzed during the initial assessment phase, the worker will arrive 

at a finding regarding the maltreatment report. The decision at this point is whether there is credible evidence to support 

the finding that child abuse or neglect as defined by state statute has occurred. Case status determinations include:

• Court substantiated: A court has entered a judgment of guilty in a related criminal case. 

• Petition to be filed: A criminal complaint related to the case will be filed with a court. 

• Inconclusive: Evidence indicates that more likely than not (preponderance) that child abuse or neglect occurred 

and court adjudication does not occur. 

• Unable to locate: The subjects of the maltreatment report have not been located.

• Unfounded: All reports not classified as any of the above will be classified as unfounded.

Nevada

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. §§ 432B.220(1)-(2); 432B.230

A mandated reporter who, in his or her professional or occupational capacity, knows or has reasonable cause to believe 

that a child has been abused or neglected shall make a report as soon as reasonably practicable but no later than 24 

hours after the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the child has been abused or neglected. 

A person may make a report by telephone or, in light of all the surrounding facts and circumstances that are known 

or that reasonably should be known to the person at the time, by any other means of oral, written, or electronic 

communication that a reasonable person would believe, under those facts and circumstances, is a reliable and swift 

means of communicating information to the person who receives the report. If the report is made orally, the person who 

receives the report must reduce it to writing as soon as reasonably practicable. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.230

The report must contain the following information, if obtainable: 

• The name, address, age, and sex of the child

• The name and address of the child’s parents or other person responsible for the child’s care

• The nature and extent of the abuse or neglect of the child, the effect of prenatal illegal substance abuse on the 

newborn infant, or the nature of the withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure

• Any evidence of previously known or suspected abuse or neglect of the child or the child’s siblings, effects of 

prenatal illegal substance abuse, or evidence of withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure of 

the newborn infant 

• The name, address, and relationship, if known, of the person who is alleged to have abused or neglected the child

• Any other information known to the person making the report that the agency that provides child welfare services 

considers necessary
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.220(6)

If a mandated reporter knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect, 

the person shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, report this belief to an agency that provides child welfare services 

or a law enforcement agency. If the report is made to a law enforcement agency, the law enforcement agency shall 

notify an agency that provides child welfare services and the appropriate medical examiner or coroner of the report. If 

such a report is made to an agency that provides child welfare services, the agency shall notify the appropriate medical 

examiner or coroner of the report.

The medical examiner or coroner shall investigate the report and submit his or her written findings to the appropriate 

child welfare agency, the appropriate district attorney, and a law enforcement agency. The written findings must include, 

if obtainable, the information required by § 432B.230(2). 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.220(3)

Any mandated reporter who delivers or provides medical services to a newborn infant and knows or has reasonable 

cause to believe that the newborn infant has been affected by prenatal substance abuse or has withdrawal symptoms 

resulting from prenatal drug exposure shall, as soon as reasonably practicable but no later than 24 hours after the person 

knows, notify an agency that provides child welfare services of the condition of the infant and refer each person who is 

responsible for the welfare of the infant for appropriate counseling, training, or other services. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.220

A mandated reporter shall make his or her report of abuse or neglect of the child to an agency that provides child 

welfare services or to a law enforcement agency.

If a mandated reporter knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse or neglect of the child involves an act 

or omission of a person directly responsible or serving as a volunteer for or an employee of a public or private home, 

institution, or facility where the child is receiving child care outside of his or her home for a portion of the day, the person 

shall make the report to a law enforcement agency.

If a mandated reporter knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the abuse or neglect of the child involves an act or 

omission of an agency that provides child welfare services or a law enforcement agency, the person shall make the report 

to an agency other than the one alleged to have committed the act or omission. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code § 432B.140 

When an agency that provides protective services receives a referral that a child is alleged to be abused, neglected, 

or threatened with harm, its first step must be to obtain sufficient information to decide if the allegations constitute a 

report of the abuse or neglect of a child that is appropriate for investigation. The worker shall explore the nature of the 

reporter’s concern, evaluate the report, and explain the agency’s responsibility and services and the available resources 

that could be used. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.260

Upon the receipt of a report concerning the possible abuse or neglect of a child, a child welfare agency or a law 

enforcement agency shall promptly notify the appropriate licensing authority, if any. A law enforcement agency shall 

promptly notify a child welfare agency of any report it receives. 

An agency that provides child welfare services and a law enforcement agency shall cooperate in the investigation, if any, 

of a report of abuse or neglect of a child. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Rev. Stat. §§ 432B.260; 432B.300

If the child welfare agency investigates a report of alleged child abuse or neglect, the agency shall inform the person 

responsible for the child’s welfare who is named in the report as allegedly causing the abuse or neglect of any allegation 

at the initial time of contact with the person. The agency shall not identify the person responsible for making the report.

If the agency determines that an investigation is not warranted, the agency may, as appropriate:

• Provide counseling, training, or other services relating to child abuse and neglect to the family of the child

• Conduct an assessment of the family to determine what services, if any, are needed

The agency that determines that an investigation is not warranted may, at any time, reverse that determination and 

initiate an investigation.

Except for reports that are assigned for assessment, the agency shall investigate each report of abuse or neglect received 

or referred to it to determine:

• The composition of the family, including any siblings or other children and any other adult living or working in the 

same household or facility

• Whether there is reasonable cause to believe any child is abused or neglected or threatened with abuse or 

neglect; the nature and extent of existing or previous injuries, abuse, or neglect; and the person apparently 

responsible

• Whether there is reasonable cause to believe that a child has suffered a fatality as a result of abuse or neglect

• If there is reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected and the immediate and long-term risk to 

the child if the child remains in the same environment

• The treatment and services that would help prevent further abuse or neglect and to improve the environment of 

the child and the ability of the person responsible for the child’s welfare to care adequately for the child

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 432B.260

Upon receipt of a report concerning the possible abuse or neglect of a child, a child welfare agency or a law enforcement 

agency shall immediately initiate an investigation if the report indicates that: 

• The child is age 5 or younger.

• There is a high risk of serious harm to the child.

• The child has suffered a fatality.

• The child is living in a household in which another child has died or the child is seriously injured or has visible signs 

of physical abuse.

In other cases, a child welfare agency shall conduct an evaluation no later than 3 days after the report or notification was 

received to determine whether an investigation is warranted. For the purposes of this subsection, an investigation is not 

warranted if:

• The child is not in imminent danger of harm.

• The child is not vulnerable as the result of any untreated injury, illness, or other physical, mental, or emotional 

condition that threatens his or her immediate health or safety.

• The alleged abuse or neglect could be eliminated if the child and his or her family receive or participate in social 

or health services offered in the community, or both.

• The agency determines that the alleged abuse or neglect was the result of the reasonable exercise of discipline by 

a parent or guardian.

If the agency determines that an investigation is warranted, the agency shall initiate the investigation no later than 3 days 

after the evaluation is completed. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code § 432B.170

After the investigation of a report of the abuse or neglect of a child, an agency that provides child welfare services shall 

determine its case findings based on whether there is reasonable cause to believe a child is abused or neglected or 

threatened with abuse or neglect and whether there is credible evidence of alleged abuse or neglect of the child. The 

agency shall make one of the following findings: 

• The allegation of abuse or neglect is substantiated.

• The allegation of abuse or neglect is unsubstantiated.

As used in this section:

• ‘Substantiated’ means that a report was investigated and that credible evidence of the abuse or neglect exists.

• ‘Unsubstantiated’ means that a report was investigated and that no credible evidence of the abuse or neglect 

exists.

New Hampshire

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:30

A mandated reporter shall immediately make an oral report to the Department of Health and Human Services by 

telephone or otherwise, followed within 48 hours by a written report, if so requested by the department. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:30

The report shall contain, if known:

• The name and address of the child and the person responsible for the child’s welfare

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of prior injury

• The identity of the person suspected of being responsible for the abuse or neglect

• Any other information that might be helpful in establishing the neglect or abuse or that may be required by the 

department

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:30

Reports are made to the Department of Health and Human Services. 

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Rev. Stat. §§ 169-C:38; 169-C:38-a

The department shall immediately by telephone or in person refer all cases to the local law enforcement agency in which 

there is reason to believe that any person under age of 18 has been:

• Sexually molested or exploited

• Intentionally physically injured so as to cause serious bodily injury

• Physically injured by other than accidental means so as to cause serious bodily injury

• A victim of a crime

A written report shall be made to the law enforcement agency within 48 hours, Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays 

excluded. A copy of this report shall be sent to the office of the county attorney. 

The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice shall jointly develop a standardized 

protocol for the interviewing of victims and the investigation and assessment of cases of child abuse and neglect. The 

protocol shall seek to minimize the impact on the victim. The protocol also shall be designed to protect the rights of all 

parties affected, and specifically address the need to establish safe and appropriate places for interviewing children. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:34

For each report it receives, the department shall promptly perform a child protective investigation to determine:

• The composition of the family or household, including:

» The name, address, age, sex, and race of each child named in the report

» Any siblings or other children in the same household or in the care of the same adults 

» The parents or other persons responsible for the welfare of the children

» Any other adults in the same household

• Whether there is probable cause to believe that any child in the family or household is abused or neglected, 

including a determination of: 

» Harm or threatened harm to each child

» The nature and extent of present or prior injuries, abuse, or neglect, and any evidence thereof

» The person or persons apparently responsible for the abuse or neglect

• The immediate and long-term risk to each child if the child remains in the existing home environment

• The protective treatment and ameliorative services that appear necessary to help prevent further child abuse or 

neglect and to improve the home environment and the parents’ ability to adequately care for the children 

At the first contact in person, any person investigating a report of abuse or neglect on behalf of the department shall 

verbally inform the parents of a child suspected of being a victim of abuse or neglect of the specific nature of the charges 

and that they are under no obligation to allow a social worker or State employee on their premises or surrender their 

children to interviews unless that social worker or State employee is in possession of a court order to that effect. Upon 

receiving such information, the parent shall sign a written acknowledgement indicating that the information required 

under this paragraph was provided by the person conducting the investigation. The parent and department shall each 

retain a copy of the acknowledgment. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:34

If it appears that the immediate safety or well-being of a child is endangered, the family may flee or the child disappear, 

or the facts otherwise so warrant, the department shall commence an investigation immediately after receipt of a report. 

In all other cases, a child protective investigation shall be commenced within 72 hours of receipt of the report. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 169-C:3

Reports may be classified as follows:

• A ‘founded report’ is a report for which the department finds probable cause to believe that the child who is the 

subject of such report is abused or neglected.

• An ‘unfounded report’ is a report for which the department finds that there is no probable cause to believe that 

the child is abused or neglected.

New Jersey

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Sat. § 9:6-8.10

Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect shall report the 

same to the Division of Child Protection and Permanency by telephone or otherwise. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 9:6-8.10

The report, where possible, shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parent, guardian, or other person having custody

• If known, the child’s age

• The nature and possible extent of injuries, including any evidence of prior injury

• Any other information that might be helpful with respect to the child abuse and the identity of the perpetrator

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 9:6-8.12 

The division shall maintain, at all times, an emergency telephone service for the receipt of calls involving a report, 

complaint, or allegation of child abuse or neglect. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 9:6-8.11; Admin. Code Tit. 10, §§ 129-2.1; 129-2.3

Upon receipt of a report, the division shall immediately take such action as shall be necessary to ensure the safety of the 

child and to that end may request and shall receive appropriate assistance from local and State law enforcement officials. 

The division shall initiate an investigation within 24 hours of receipt of the report, unless a delay is authorized based 

upon the request of a law enforcement official. The division also shall, within 72 hours, forward a report of such matter to 

the child abuse registry.

In regulation: The central registry shall deem a call to be a report if it contains at least one allegation that, if true, would 

constitute a child being an abused or neglected child, as defined by law.

Child Protective Services (CPS) shall start the investigation of a report no later than the end of the work day or within 24 

hours of the central registry determining the timeframe. Each report that meets one or more of the following criteria shall 

be investigated no later than the end of the work day of receipt:

• Law enforcement personnel request an immediate response.

• An immediate response will prevent the loss of evidence.

• A child has died due to abuse or neglect and a sibling remains under the care of a parent or guardian.

• A child is born drug-exposed.

• A child under age 6 is alone at the time of the report.

• A child requires medical attention at the time of the report.

• A child is being seriously physically abused at the time of the report.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 10, § 129-2.1

CPS shall investigate each new report, regardless of whether or not the alleged child victim and his or her family are 

known to the department. CPS shall investigate each report alleging abuse or neglect on a military installation, to the 

extent permitted by the base commander. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 10, § 129-3.1

The child protective investigator shall, in completing an investigation:

• Complete a safety assessment

• Interview, in person and individually, the caregiver and each adult in the home

• Read and review each available prior investigation relevant to the report

• Interview the reporter and each other person identified as having knowledge of the incident or as having made an 

assessment of physical harm

• Interview the alleged perpetrator, in person

• Complete a child abuse record check of each household member and each other individual regularly frequenting 

or living in the alleged child victim’s home

• Conduct a criminal history record check to identify a paramour’s record of criminal history, when the report 

involves a paramour

• Complete a risk assessment

• Observe the environment in which the alleged abuse or neglect occurred or that poses a threat to the child

• Obtain a medical assessment of the injury

The child protective investigator shall, in completing an investigation:

• Assess the strengths and needs of the caregiver

• Assess the strengths and needs of the alleged child victim

• Interview at least two collateral contacts who have knowledge of the incident or circumstances

• Confirm child care arrangements reported by the caregiver, when appropriate

• Interview school personnel, child care providers, witnesses, and community professionals who have first-hand 

knowledge of the alleged abuse or neglect
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 10, § 10:129-7.3 

The child protective investigator shall make the finding for each report within 60 days of the report being received at the 

central registry, except for good cause approved by the office manager. The officer manager may grant extensions in 

increments of 30 days if the child protective investigator is continuing efforts to confirm credible information. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 10, § 129-7.3

The child protective investigator shall evaluate the available information and, for each allegation, determine whether 

abuse or neglect has occurred, and shall make a finding of either substantiated or unfounded. The child protective 

investigator shall make every reasonable effort to identify the perpetrator for each allegation of abuse or neglect. 

New Mexico

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 32A-4-3

A mandated reporter who knows or has reasonable suspicion that a child is abused or neglected shall report the matter 

immediately. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 32A-4-3(B)

The written report shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents, guardian, or custodian

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of previous injuries

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injuries and the 

identity of the person responsible for the injuries

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 32A-4-3

Reports shall be made to:

• A local law enforcement agency 

• The Children, Youth and Families Department

• The Tribal law enforcement or social services agency for an Indian child residing in Indian country

A law enforcement agency receiving the report shall immediately transmit the facts of the report by telephone to the 

department and a written report within 48 hours. The department shall immediately transmit the facts of the report by 

telephone to a local law enforcement agency and a written report within 48 hours. 
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Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 8, §§ 10.2.8; 10.2.13 

The purpose of child protective services (CPS) intake is to:

• Receive reports of alleged child abuse or neglect

• Determine if the situation reported may constitute abuse or neglect as defined by law

• Determine if an investigation by CPS and a referral to another agency is warranted

The intake workers shall prioritize accepted reports as follows:

• Emergency report (E): A report alleging a serious and immediate safety threat involving a vulnerable child, 

including but not limited to, an abandoned infant; any physical injury to an infant; a potentially life-threatening 

situation; recent sexual abuse; a law enforcement request for immediate response; and recent serious trauma, 

such as a head injury, burns, or broken bones. A report prioritized as an emergency requires that an investigation 

be initiated within 3 hours.

• Priority 1 report (P1): A report alleging physical injury involving a vulnerable child who is in a safe environment 

at the time of the report, or a report alleging a serious impending safety threat involving a vulnerable child but 

where the alleged perpetrator will not have access to the child for the next 24 hours. A P1 report requires that an 

investigation be initiated within 24 hours.

• Priority 2 report (P2): A report alleging an impending safety threat involving a vulnerable child with no immediate 

concern for the child’s safety. This may include, but is not limited to, alleged physical abuse with no indication of 

injury or alleged abuse or neglect when the alleged perpetrator no longer has access to the child or a protective 

parent or guardian has already intervened. A P2 report requires that an investigation be initiated within 5 calendar 

days. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. §§ 32A-4-3; 32A-4-4

The recipient of a report shall take immediate steps to ensure prompt investigation of the report and take steps to 

protect the health or welfare of the alleged child victim, as well as any other child under the same care who may be in 

danger of abuse or neglect. A local law enforcement officer trained in the investigation of child abuse and neglect is 

responsible for investigating reports of alleged child abuse or neglect at schools, daycare facilities, or child care facilities. 

Reports alleging neglect or abuse shall be referred to the department, which shall conduct an investigation to determine 

the best interests of the child with regard to any action to be taken. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 8, §§ 10.3.10; 10.3.12 

The caseworker shall conduct the investigation in a manner that protects the privacy of the child and family. The 

caseworker shall:

• Make efforts to engage the family in the investigation and assessment process

• Gather the information required to identify the safety threats, child vulnerabilities, protective capacities, and 

ongoing risks of harm to the child

• Interview collateral contacts

• Visit the home

• Complete safety and risk assessments

• Make efforts to provide or arrange for services for the child and family during the investigation to enhance the 

family’s capacity to safely care for their child

At the time of initial contact with the parents, guardian, or alleged perpetrator, the caseworker shall inform him or her of 

the reported allegations in a manner consistent with laws protecting the rights of the reporter. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 8, § 10.3.17 

The caseworker shall complete the investigation within 45 days of accepting the report for investigation unless an 

extension is approved by the supervisor. Extensions are not to exceed an additional 30 days after the original 45 days 

have passed. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 8, § 10.3.17 

The caseworker shall complete the investigation and decide whether the report’s allegations of abuse or neglect are 

substantiated or unsubstantiated.

In a substantiated report, there is an allegation of child abuse or neglect in which a parent, guardian, foster parent, 

preadoptive parent, or treatment foster care parent has been identified as the perpetrator or as failing to protect the 

child, and credible evidence exists to support the investigation worker’s conclusion that the child has been abused or 

neglected, as defined in the Children’s Code. Credible evidence upon which to base a finding of substantiation may 

include, but is not limited to:

• A parent or guardian’s admission

• Physical evidence

• Collateral or witness statements and observations

• A child’s disclosure

• The investigation worker’s observation

In an unsubstantiated report, there is an allegation of child abuse or neglect in which the information collected during 

the investigation does not support a finding that the child was abused or neglected. 

New York

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law §§ 413(1); 415

Mandated reporters shall immediately make an oral or electronic report to the statewide central register when they have 

reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected by a person responsible for that child’s care. Oral 

reports shall be followed by written reports within 48 hours. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law § 415

Written reports shall be made in a manner prescribed and on forms supplied by the commissioner of the Office of 

Children and Family Services and shall include the following information:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other person responsible for the child’s care

• The child’s age, sex, and race

• The nature and extent of any injury, abuse, or maltreatment, including any evidence of prior injuries, abuse, or 

maltreatment to the child or the child’s siblings

• The name of the person or persons alleged to be responsible for causing the injury, abuse, or maltreatment, if 

known 

• Family composition

• The source of the report

• The name and contact information of the person making the report

• Actions taken by the reporting source

• Any other information that the reporter believes may be helpful or required by regulation
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law § 418

Any mandated reporter, including workers of the local child protective service agency or an official of the State agency 

responsible for investigation of a report of abuse or maltreatment of a child in residential care, who has reasonable cause 

to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or maltreatment shall report that fact to the appropriate medical 

examiner or coroner.

The medical examiner or coroner shall accept the report for investigation and shall issue a preliminary written report of 

his or her findings within 60 days of the date of death, absent extraordinary circumstances, and his or her final written 

report promptly to the police, the appropriate district attorney, the local child protective service, the Office of Children 

and Family Services, and, if the institution making the report is a hospital, the hospital. The Office of Children and Family 

Services shall promptly provide a copy of the preliminary and final reports to the statewide central register of child abuse 

and maltreatment. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Soc. Serv. § 415

Oral reports shall be made to the statewide central register of child abuse and maltreatment unless the appropriate local 

plan for the provision of child protective services provides that oral reports should be made to the local child protective 

service. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law § 427-a

Any social services district may, upon the authorization of the Office of Children and Family Services, establish a program 

that implements differential responses to reports of child abuse and maltreatment. 

The criteria for determining which cases may be placed in the assessment track shall be determined by the local 

department of social services, except that reports including any criminal allegations such as a sex offense, including 

prostitution, incest, or child pornography; assault of a child; murder or manslaughter; child abandonment; or severe, 

repeated abuse or neglect shall not be included in the assessment track of a differential response program.

For all cases included in the family assessment and services track:

• Reports taken at the statewide central register of child abuse and maltreatment shall be transmitted to the 

appropriate local child protective service.

• A social services district shall, consistent with the criteria for the program, identify those reports that are initially 

eligible to be included in the family assessment and services track.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law §§ 423; 427-a

Every local department of social services shall establish a child protective service within the department with the 

responsibility to conduct investigations of reports of child maltreatment. 

For those reports that are included in the family assessment and services track, the social services district shall conduct 

the family assessments. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law §§ 424; 427-a

Upon receipt of a report, each child protective service shall commence, within 24 hours, an appropriate investigation that 

shall include:

• An evaluation of the environment of the child named in the report and any other children in the same home

• A determination of the risk to such children if they continue to remain in the existing home environment

• A determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any condition enumerated in the report

• The names, ages, and conditions of other children in the home

• After seeing to the safety of the child or children, notify the subjects of the report and other persons named in the 

report in writing of the existence of the report and their respective rights

When the social services district determines that a case is appropriate to be included in the family assessment and 

services track, the district’s activities shall include, at a minimum, the following:

• The provision of written notice to each parent or caregiver explaining that it is the intent of the social services 

district to meet the needs of the family without engaging in a traditional child protective services investigation

• An examination, with the family, of the family’s strengths, concerns, and needs

• Where appropriate, an offer of assistance that shall include case management that is supportive of family 

stabilization

• The planning and provision of services responsive to the service needs of the family

• An ongoing joint evaluation and assessment of the family’s progress including periodic assessments of risk to the 

child

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law §§ 424; 427-a

Each child protective service shall:

• No later than 7 days after receipt of the initial report, send a preliminary written report of the initial investigation, 

including evaluation and actions taken or contemplated, to the central register 

• Determine, within 60 days, whether the report is ‘indicated’ or ‘unfounded’

For reports assigned to the family assessment and services track, the social services district shall be responsible for 

ensuring that the children are safe in their homes. A safety assessment shall be commenced within 24 hours of receipt of 

the report and completed within 7 days. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Soc. Serv. Law § 412

Reports of investigations shall be classified as follows:

• A report shall be ‘unfounded’ unless an investigation determines that some credible evidence of the alleged 

abuse or maltreatment exists.

• A report shall be ‘indicated’ if an investigation determines that some credible evidence of the alleged abuse or 

maltreatment exists.

North Carolina

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-301

A mandated reporter who has cause to suspect that a child is abused, neglected, or dependent shall report the case to 

the Department of Social Services in the county where the child resides. The report may be made orally, by telephone, or 

in writing. 
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Content of Reports

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-301

The report shall contain information as is known to the reporter, including:

• The name and address of the child and the child’s parent(s), guardian, or caregiver

• The age of the child

• The names and ages of other children in the home

• The present whereabouts of the child, if not at the home address

• The nature and extent of any injury or condition resulting from abuse or neglect

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the need for protective services 

or court intervention

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Gen. Stat. §§ 7B-301; 7B-302

A mandated reporter who has cause to believe that a child has died as a result of maltreatment shall report the case to 

the department.

The department shall immediately ascertain if other children are in the home and in need of protective services or 

immediate removal from the home. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-301

Reports shall be made to the Department of Social Services in the county where the child resides.

Upon receipt of any report of sexual abuse of the child in a child care facility, the director shall notify the State Bureau of 

Investigation within 24 hours or on the next workday.

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-302 

When a report of abuse, neglect, or dependency is received, the director of the department of social services shall make 

a prompt and thorough assessment, using either a family assessment response or an investigative assessment response, 

in order to ascertain the facts of the case, the extent of the abuse or neglect, and the risk of harm to the juvenile, in order 

to determine whether protective services should be provided or the complaint filed as a petition. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-302 

When a report of abuse, neglect, or dependency is received, the director of the Department of Social Services shall 

conduct the assessment or investigation. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-302; Admin. Code Tit. 10A, § 70A.0106 

The assessment and evaluation shall include a visit to the place where the child resides, except when the report alleges 

abuse or neglect in a child care facility. When a report alleges abuse or neglect in a child care facility, a visit to the place 

where the child resides is not required. When the report alleges abandonment, the assessment shall include a request 

from the director to law enforcement officials to investigate through the North Carolina Center for Missing Persons and 

other national and State resources whether the child is a missing child. 

In regulation: When a report is received, the county director shall check the county agency’s records and the State central 

registry to ascertain if any previous reports have been made concerning the alleged child victim.

The county director shall make an investigation to assess: 

• Whether the specific environment in which the child is found meets the child’s need for care and protection

• The facts regarding the existence of abuse, neglect, or dependency

• The nature and extent of any injury or condition resulting from abuse, neglect, or dependency

• The risk of harm to and need for protection of the child

There shall be face-to-fact interviews with the alleged child victim, the parent or caregiver, the alleged perpetrator, and 

any person who has information about the condition of the child.

The county director shall implement a structured decision-making process that includes assessments of the immediate 

safety and future risk of harm to the child and the family’s strengths and needs. In addition, there shall be documentation 

of an assessment of all of the information obtained during the investigation, any safety response plan, and the case 

decision. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Gen. Stat. § 7B-302

When the report alleges abuse, the director shall immediately, but no later than 24 hours after receipt of the report, 

initiate the assessment. When the report alleges neglect or dependency, the director shall initiate the assessment within 

72 hours following receipt of the report. When the report alleges abandonment, the director shall immediately initiate an 

assessment, take appropriate steps to assume temporary custody of the child, and take appropriate steps to secure an 

order for nonsecure custody of the child. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 10A, §§ 70A.0107; 70A.0108

A report is considered ‘found’ when an investigation reveals the presence of abuse, neglect, or dependency. A report is 

considered ‘not found’ when a thorough investigation does not reveal abuse, neglect, or dependency. 

North Dakota

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-04

All mandated reporters shall immediately report cases of known or suspected abuse or neglect to the Department of 

Human Services. Oral reports must be followed by written reports within 48 hours if requested by the department. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-04

A requested written report must include information specifically sought by the department if the reporter possesses or 

has reasonable access to the information. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-04

Reports must be made to the Department of Human Services.

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes and regulations reviewed.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-05

The department, in accordance with rules adopted by the department, immediately shall initiate an assessment of any 

report of child abuse or neglect.

If the report alleges a violation of a criminal statute involving sexual or physical abuse, the department and an 

appropriate law enforcement agency shall coordinate the planning and execution of their investigation efforts to avoid a 

duplication of fact-finding efforts and multiple interviews. The department or the law enforcement agency may refer the 

case to a children’s advocacy center for a forensic interview, forensic medical examination, and other services. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-05; Admin. Code § 75-03-19-06

The department shall initiate an assessment of any report of child abuse or neglect including, when appropriate, the 

assessment of the home or the residence of the child, any school or child care facility attended by the child, and the 

circumstances surrounding the report of abuse or neglect. As part of the assessment, the department shall:

• Interview, without the consent of a person responsible for the child’s welfare, the alleged abused or neglected 

child and any other child who currently resides or who has resided with the person responsible for the child’s 

welfare or the alleged perpetrator

• Conduct the interview at a school, child care facility, or any other place where the alleged abused or neglected 

child or other child is found

The department shall adopt guidelines for case referrals to a children’s advocacy center. When cases are referred to a 

children’s advocacy center, all interviews of the alleged abused or neglected child conducted at the children’s advocacy 

center shall be audio-recorded or video-recorded.

In regulation: Assessments of reports of suspected child abuse or neglect must reflect:

• An assessment process designed to collect sufficient information to make a decision whether services are required 

to provide for the protection and treatment of an abused or neglected child

• Assessment techniques that include interviewing and observing the subject, the child victim, and other interested 

or affected persons and documenting those interviews and observations

• Conclusions and a summary based on information gathered by the assessment

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Admin. Code §§ 75-03-19-03; 75-03-19-04

All nonemergency child abuse or neglect assessments must be initiated no later than 72 hours after receipt of a report by 

the assessing agency unless the department prescribes a different time in a particular case. In cases involving a serious 

threat or danger to the life or health of a child, the assessment and any appropriate protective measures must commence 

immediately upon receipt of a report by the assessing agency. 

Assessments of reports of suspected child abuse or neglect must be completed, a decision made, and a written 

report completed and submitted to the regional child protection service supervisor or other person designated by the 

department within 62 days from the date of receipt of the report unless an extension of the time is requested of and 

granted by the department. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Cent. Code § 50-25.1-05.1

Upon completion of the assessment of the initial report of child abuse or neglect, a decision must be made whether 

services are required to provide for the protection and treatment of an abused or neglected child. 

Northern Mariana Islands

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5313(a)

Any mandated reporter who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect a child is or was abused or neglected shall report 

promptly to the Department of Public Safety. This notification shall be made within 24 hours. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5313(a)

The report shall contain a statement of the time, date, circumstances, and information that gave rise to the reporter’s 

belief that abuse or neglect occurred or will occur.

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5313(c)

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse shall report that fact 

to the medical examiner. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5313(d)

Reports may be made to the Department of Public Safety or the Division of Youth Services. 

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5313(c)

The Division of Youth Services shall investigate and make a recommendation to the attorney general’s office.

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, §§ 5313(c); 5322

The Department of Public Safety shall promptly, within 24 hours, notify the attorney general’s office and the Division of 

Youth Services of all reported cases.

If a child is taken into custody, the division shall immediately commence a child protective investigation to determine if it 

is necessary to make the child a ward of the court. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Commonwealth Code Tit. 6, § 5322

The division shall make a recommendation to the attorney general’s office within 24 hours of the initiation of protective 

custody regarding whether it is necessary to make the child a ward of the court. 

Classification of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Ohio

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421

A mandated reporter who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has suffered or faces a threat of 

suffering abuse or neglect shall immediately make a report to the county public children services agency (PCSA) or a 

peace officer in the county in which the child resides or the abuse or neglect occurred.

The report shall be made either by telephone or in person and shall be followed by a written report, if requested by the 

receiving agency or officer. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421

The written report shall contain:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or persons having custody

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of any injuries, abuse, or neglect, including any evidence of prior injuries, abuse, or neglect

• Any other information that might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injury, abuse, or neglect that is known 

or reasonably suspected or believed to have occurred or of the threat of injury, abuse, or neglect that is known or 

reasonably suspected or believed to exist

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421(H)(4)

If a report has been made, and if for any reason the child dies before reaching age 18, the PCSA or peace officer to 

which the report was made or referred shall, upon request of the Child Fatality Review Board, submit a summary of the 

report to the Child Fatality Review Board. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421

The person making the report shall make it to the PCSA or a municipal or county peace officer in the county in which the 

child resides or the county in which the abuse or neglect is occurring or has occurred. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.429 

The differential response approach shall include two response pathways: the traditional response pathway and the 

alternative response pathway. The agency shall use the traditional response for the following types of accepted reports:

• Physical abuse resulting in serious injury or that creates a serious and immediate risk to a child’s health and safety

• Sexual abuse

• Child fatality

• Reports requiring a specialized assessment

• Reports requiring a third party investigative procedure

For all other child abuse and neglect reports, an alternative response shall be the preferred response, whenever 

appropriate and in accordance with rules adopted by the department.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421

The PCSA shall investigate, within 24 hours, each report of child abuse or child neglect. The investigation shall be made 

in cooperation with the law enforcement agency. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 2151.421; Admin. Code §§ 5101:2-36-01; 2-36-20

The PCSA shall investigate, within 24 hours, each report of child abuse or child neglect to determine the circumstances 

surrounding the injuries, abuse, or neglect or the threat of injury, abuse, or neglect, the cause of the injuries, abuse, 

neglect, or threat, and the person or persons responsible. 

A representative of the agency shall, at the time of initial contact with the person subject to the investigation, inform the 

person of the specific complaints or allegations made against the person.

As used in this section, ‘investigation’ means the PCSA’s response to an accepted report of child abuse or neglect 

through either an alternative response or a traditional response.

In regulation: The agency shall assign the following types of reports of child abuse or neglect to the traditional response 

pathway:

• Reports containing allegations that could result in charges of felony child endangering or criminal sexual conduct

• Reports containing allegations of the sexual abuse of a child

• Reports containing allegations that could result in charges of homicide

• Reports requiring a specialized assessment

• Reports requiring a third party investigative procedure

• Reports containing allegations regarding a suspicious child fatality

Other cases may be assigned to the alternative response pathway. For those cases, the agency shall conduct an 

assessment. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Admin. Code § 5101:2-36-03

The agency shall initiate the screened in child abuse and/or neglect report in accordance with the following:

• For an emergency report, an attempt at a face-to-face contact with the alleged child victim shall be made within 1 

hour from the time the referral was screened in to assess child safety and interview the alleged child victim.

• For all other reports, an attempt at a face-to-face or telephone contact shall be made within 24 hours from the 

time the referral was screened in with a principal of the report or collateral source who has knowledge of the 

alleged child victim’s current condition and can provide current information about the child’s safety

• If face-to-face contact with the alleged child victim was not attempted within the 24 hour timeframe, an attempt 

of face-to-face contact with the alleged child victim shall be made within 72 hours from the time the report was 

screened in.

The agency shall complete the report and arrive at a final case disposition no later than 30 days from the date the report 

was screened in. The agency may extend the timeframe by a maximum of 15 days if information needed to determine 

the report disposition and final case decision cannot be obtained within 30 days and the reasons are documented in the 

case record. 

Classification of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes and regulations reviewed. 

Oklahoma

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, § 1-2-101 

Every person having reason to believe that a child younger than age 18 is a victim of abuse or neglect shall report the 

matter promptly to the Department of Human Services. 

Content of Reports

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, §§ 1-2-101; 1-2-102; 1-1-105 

Every health-care professional attending the birth of a child who tests positive for alcohol or a controlled dangerous 

substance shall report the matter promptly to the department.

Whenever the department determines there is a child that meets the definition of a drug-endangered child or a child has 

been diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome, the department shall conduct an investigation of the allegations and shall 

not limit the evaluation of the circumstances to an assessment. 

The term ‘drug-endangered child’ means a child who is at risk of suffering physical, psychological, or sexual harm as a 

result of the use, possession, distribution, manufacture, or cultivation of controlled substances, or the attempt of any 

of these acts, by a person responsible for the health, safety, or welfare of the child. This term includes circumstances 

wherein the substance abuse of the person responsible for the health, safety, or welfare of the child interferes with that 

person’s ability to parent and provide a safe and nurturing environment for the child. The term also includes newborns 

who test positive for a controlled dangerous substance, with the exception of those substances administered under the 

care of a physician. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, § 1-2-101

The Department of Human Services shall establish a statewide centralized hotline for the reporting of child abuse 

or neglect to the department. Any allegation of abuse or neglect reported in any manner to a county office shall 

immediately be referred to the hotline by the department. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 340, §§ 75-3-7; 75-3-7.3

All reports are screened to determine whether allegations meet the definition of child abuse or neglect and are within 

the scope of a Child Protective Services (CPS) assessment or investigation. If the allegations are not appropriate for CPS, 

the reporter may be given an explanation why an assessment or investigation will not be conducted and, if appropriate, 

where a referral may be made to assist the family.

Intervention is limited to current situations as the CPS focus is on identifying and protecting children who are presently 

at risk or will be at risk if safety measures are not put in place. When a report alleges abuse or neglect that is not recent, 

information is obtained to determine if there is reason to believe that the child or other children may be presently 

at risk or in present danger. When information does not indicate a child is presently at risk or in present danger, CPS 

intervention may not be warranted.

When a report is received that is not appropriate for CPS and services are needed, the worker may make a referral within 

the Department of Human Services, to outside resources, or both, for emergency food, shelter, medical services, or 

counseling. 

CPS will assign an accepted report for assessment or investigation as follows:

• An assessment is conducted when a report meets the abuse or neglect guidelines and does not constitute a 

serious and immediate safety threat to a child.

• An investigation is conducted when a report meets the abuse or neglect guidelines and constitutes a serious and 

immediate threat to the safety of a child.
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, §§ 1-2-102; 1-2-105

Upon receipt of a report that a child may be abused or neglected, the Department of Human Services shall conduct 

a safety analysis. If the department determines that a person responsible for the child’s health, safety, or welfare to 

provide protection for the child does not appear to be responsible for the alleged abuse or neglect, the department 

shall immediately make a referral, either verbally or in writing, to the appropriate local law enforcement agency for the 

purpose of conducting a possible criminal investigation.

The investigation of a report of sexual abuse or serious physical abuse or both sexual abuse and serious physical abuse 

shall be conducted, when appropriate and possible, using a multidisciplinary team approach. Law enforcement and the 

department shall exchange investigation information. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, §§ 1-1-105; 1-2-105; 1-2-106

An assessment is a comprehensive review of child safety and an evaluation of family functioning and protective capacities 

that is conducted in response to a child abuse or neglect referral that does not allege a serious and immediate safety 

threat to a child.

An investigation is a response to an allegation of abuse or neglect that involves a serious and immediate threat to the 

safety of the child, making it necessary to determine:

• The current safety of a child and the risk of subsequent abuse or neglect

• Whether child abuse or neglect occurred and whether the family needs prevention- and intervention-related 

services

Any county office of the department receiving a child abuse or neglect report shall promptly respond to the report by 

initiating an investigation of the report or an assessment of the family in accordance with priority guidelines established 

by the department. The primary purpose of the investigation or assessment shall be the protection of the child.

The investigation or assessment shall include a visit to the home of the child unless there is reason to believe that there is 

an extreme safety risk to the child or worker. The visit shall include an interview with and examination of the subject child 

and any other child in the home. The investigation or assessment may include an interview with the parents of the child 

or any other person responsible for the health, safety, or welfare of the child.

The investigation or assessment may include a medical, psychological, or psychiatric examination of any child in the 

home.

At the initial time of contact with a person responsible for the health, safety, or welfare of a child who is the subject of an 

investigation, the department shall advise the person of the specific complaint or allegation made against the person. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 340, § 75-3-7.1

Priority guidelines have been established to assist staff in determining how quickly an initial response must be made to a 

report. 

• Priority I: A Priority I report indicates that the child is in imminent danger of serious physical injury and must be 

responded to immediately, but no later than 24 hours after receipt of the report. 

• Priority II: Priority II reports indicate that there is no imminent danger of severe injury, but without intervention and 

safety measures it is likely that the child will not be safe. Priority II investigations or assessments are initiated from 

within 2 to 15 calendar days from the date that the report was accepted for investigation or assessment.
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 10A, § 1-1-105

The results of an investigation may be classified as follows:

• Substantiated -- Court intervention recommended: The investigation has produced some credible evidence of 

child abuse or neglect, which is of such a nature that the department finds that the health, safety, or welfare of the 

child is threatened.

• Substantiated -- Services recommended: The investigation has produced some credible evidence of child abuse 

or neglect, which is of such a nature that the department recommends prevention- and intervention-related 

services for the parents or persons responsible for the care of the child, but for which initial court intervention is 

not required.

• Unsubstantiated -- Services recommended: The investigation determines there is insufficient evidence to fully 

determine whether child abuse or neglect has occurred, but the department determines that the child and the 

family of the child could benefit from receiving child abuse and neglect prevention- and intervention-related 

services.

• Ruled out -- A child protective services worker, after an investigation, determines that no child abuse or neglect 

has occurred.

Oregon

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 419B.015

A person making a report shall make an oral report, by telephone or otherwise, to:

• The local office of the Department of Human Services or a designee of the department 

• A law enforcement agency in the county where the person is located

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 419B.015

The report shall contain, if known:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child

• The child’s age

• The nature and extent of the abuse, including any evidence of previous abuse

• The explanation given for the abuse

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the abuse and the 

identity of the perpetrator

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 419B.015 

Reports shall be made to the local office of the Department of Human Services, to the designee of the department, or to 

a law enforcement agency within the county where the person making the report is located at the time of the contact.
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Admin. Rules § 413-015-0210 

A Child Protective Services (CPS) assessment is required if the screener determines that information received constitutes 

a report of child abuse or neglect, as defined by law, and the information indicates:

• The alleged perpetrator is a legal parent of the alleged child victim. 

• The alleged perpetrator resides in the alleged child victim’s home.

• The alleged perpetrator may have access to the alleged child victim, and the parent or caregiver may not be able 

or willing to protect the child.

• The alleged child abuse occurred in a day care facility, the home of a department-certified foster parent or relative 

caregiver, or a private child caring agency that is not a Children’s Care Provider (CCP).

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Rev. Stat. § 419B.020; Admin. Rules § 413-015-0400

If the department or a law enforcement agency receives a report of child abuse, the department or the agency shall 

immediately cause an investigation to be made to determine the nature and cause of the abuse of the child. 

In regulation: A CPS assessment must be completed only by a department employee whose current position is a CPS 

worker, a CPS supervisor, or an employee who meets the definition of CPS worker and has recent experience completing 

CPS assessments. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Admin. Rules § 413-015-0400

Completing a CPS assessment involves the following:

• Making initial contact within the assigned response time lines, which includes:

» Face-to-face contact with the alleged victim, his or her siblings, his or her parent or caregiver, and other 

children and adults living in the home

» Access to the home environment

» Determining if there is a safety threat

» Determining if the child is unsafe

» Establishing a protective action when the child is unsafe

• Gathering safety-related information through interviews and observation

• Determining child vulnerability and explaining the basis for that determination

• Determining if the parent or caregiver can or cannot and will or will not protect the child and explaining the basis 

for that determination

• Determining if there is reasonable cause to believe that child abuse or neglect occurred and explaining the basis 

for that determination

• Completing a safety analysis

• Developing an ongoing safety plan when a child is unsafe

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Admin. Rules § 413-015-0210

If an assessment is required, the screener must determine the response timeframe:

• Within 24 hours if there is an immediate threat to safety

• Within 5 days if the threat to safety is not immediate 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Rules § 413-015-1000

Following the completion of the CPS assessment, the worker must determine whether there is reasonable cause to 

believe that child abuse occurred. The possible determinations are:

• Founded: There is reasonable cause to believe that abuse occurred.

• Unfounded: No evidence of child abuse was identified or disclosed.

• Unable to determine: There was insufficient data to conclude whether there was reasonable cause to believe that 

abuse occurred.

Pennsylvania

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, §§ 6311; 6313

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is an abused or neglected child shall make a 

report to the Department of Public Welfare.

An oral report shall be made immediately, to be followed by a written report within 48 hours. 

Written reports shall be made to the appropriate county agency in a manner and on forms the department prescribes by 

regulation. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6313

The written reports shall include the following information if available: 

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the care of the 

child, if known

• Where the suspected abuse occurred

• The age and sex of subjects of the report

• The nature and extent of the suspected abuse, including any evidence of prior abuse to the child or siblings of the 

child

• The name and relationship of the person responsible for causing the suspected abuse, if known, and any evidence 

of prior abuse by that person

• Family composition 

• The source of the report

• The name and contact information of the person making the report

• Any actions taken by the source

• Any other information that the department may require by regulation

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6317

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report that suspicion to the appropriate coroner. The coroner shall accept the report for investigation and shall report 

his finding to the police, the district attorney, the appropriate county agency and, if the report is made by a hospital, the 

hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6332

The department shall establish a single statewide toll-free telephone number that all persons, whether mandated by law 

or not, may use to report cases of suspected child abuse. A county agency shall use the toll-free telephone number for 

determining the existence of prior founded or indicated reports of child abuse in the Statewide central register or reports 

under investigation in the pending complaint file. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6334 

Upon receipt of a complaint of suspected child abuse, the department shall immediately transmit orally to the 

appropriate county agency notice that the complaint of suspected child abuse has been received and the substance 

of the complaint. If the central register or the pending complaint file contains information indicating a prior report or a 

current investigation concerning a subject of the report, the department shall immediately notify the appropriate county 

agency of this fact. The appropriate county agency shall mean the agency in the county where the suspected child abuse 

occurred.

If the complaint does not suggest suspected child abuse but does suggest a need for social services or other services or 

investigation, the department shall transmit the information to the county agency or other public agency for appropriate 

action. The information shall not be considered a child abuse report unless the agency to which the information was 

referred has reasonable cause to suspect after investigation that abuse occurred. If the agency has reasonable cause to 

suspect that abuse occurred, the agency shall notify the department, and the initial complaint shall be considered to 

have been a child abuse report. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6368 

Upon receipt of each report of suspected child abuse, the county agency shall immediately commence an appropriate 

investigation.

If the complaint of suspected abuse is determined to be one that cannot be investigated under this chapter because 

the person accused of the abuse is not a parent of a child, a person responsible for the welfare of a child, an individual 

residing in the same home as a child, or a paramour of a child’s parent, but does suggest the need for investigation, the 

county agency shall immediately transmit the information to the appropriate authorities, including the district attorney, 

the district attorney’s designee, or other law enforcement official for investigation. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6368 

The investigation shall include a determination of the risk of harm to the child or children if they continue to remain in 

the existing home environment, as well as a determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any condition enumerated 

in the report, any action necessary to provide for the safety of the child, and the taking of photographic identification of 

the child to be maintained with the file. During the investigation, the county agency shall provide or arrange for services 

necessary to protect the child while the agency is making a determination. If the investigation indicates serious physical 

injury, a medical examination shall be performed on the subject child by a certified medical practitioner. Where there 

is reasonable cause to suspect there is a history of prior or current abuse, the medical practitioner has the authority to 

arrange for further medical tests or the county agency has the authority to request further medical tests. 

Prior to interviewing a subject of the report, the county agency shall orally notify the subject who is about to be 

interviewed of the existence of the report, the subject’s right to counsel and other basic rights. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6368 

Upon receipt of each report of suspected child abuse, the county agency shall immediately commence an appropriate 

investigation and see the child immediately if emergency protective custody is required or has been or shall be taken 

or if it cannot be determined from the report whether emergency protective custody is needed. Otherwise, the county 

agency shall commence an appropriate investigation and see the child within 24 hours of receipt of the report. 

The investigation by the county agency to determine whether the report is founded, indicated, or unfounded and 

whether to accept the family for service shall be completed within 60 days in all cases. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Cons. Stat. Tit. 23, § 6303

Child abuse reports may be classified as follows:

• Founded report: If there has been any judicial adjudication based on a finding that a child who is a subject of the 

report has been abused, including the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or a finding of guilt to a criminal 

charge involving the same factual circumstances involved in the allegation of child abuse

• Indicated report: If an investigation by the county agency or the department determines that substantial evidence 

of the alleged abuse exists based on any of the following:

» Available medical evidence

» The child protective service investigation

» An admission of the acts of abuse by the perpetrator

• Unfounded report: Any report that is not a founded or indicated report

Puerto Rico

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 446

Any person who has knowledge of or suspects that a child may be a victim of abuse or neglect, or is at risk of becoming 

a victim, must report to the hotline of the Department of the Family, the police, or the local office of the department.

Every processor of film or photographs who has knowledge of or observes any motion picture, photograph, videotape, 

negatives, or slides that depict a minor involved in a sexual activity must make a report.

Mandated reporters must complete a form furnished by the department within 48 hours after the oral report. The written 

report shall be sent to the central register. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 446

Reports shall contain, but not be limited to, all information that confirms the abuse.

Every motion picture, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide that shows a minor involved in a sexual activity shall be 

delivered to the nearest police station. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 446

Mandated reporters who have knowledge of or suspect that a minor has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall report 

that fact to the police or the hotline of the department. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444d

The department shall operate a special toll-free communications system attached to the Commonwealth Center for the 

Protection of Minors to be known as the ‘Hotline For Situations of Abuse, Institutional Abuse, Neglect, and Institutional 

Neglect,’ whereby any person shall be able to report situations of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, and institutional 

neglect against minors, at any time of the day or night, any day of the week. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444

The term ‘diversion’ shall mean a program to reeducate or retrain first-time offenders convicted of the crime of abuse, 

institutional abuse, neglect, and/or institutional neglect.

The term ‘social protective services’ shall mean the specialized services for achieving the safety and well-being of minors, 

and for preventing the risk of suffering abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, or institutional neglect. It also shall mean the 

services provided to parents or to other persons responsible for minors to encourage modification of their child-rearing 

patterns. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444a

The department shall be responsible for investigating and attending to situations of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, 

and/or institutional neglect. Likewise, it shall be responsible for instituting programs for the prevention, identification, 

investigation, and provision of the necessary services, pursuant to the public policy established in this chapter and the 

needs of minors and their families in any situation of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, and/or institutional neglect. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444a

The department shall investigate, order, or refer for investigation referrals of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, and/or 

institutional neglect, making use, for this purpose, of all procedures, services, and means required to guarantee the most 

expeditious and effective attention to such investigations. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444d

All referrals of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect, and institutional neglect shall be investigated at any time of the day or 

night, any day of the week. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws Tit. 8, § 444d

Reports may be classified as follows:

• Protection cases: Refers to situations of abuse, institutional abuse, neglect and/or institutional neglect of minors, 

as these terms are defined in this section, and supported by an investigation

• Unsubstantiated report: Refers to information offered pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, which when 

investigated, is found to be lacking in grounds to support the allegations of abuse or neglect, or is determined to 

be false
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Rhode Island

Individual Responsibility to Report 

Citation: Gen. Laws §§ 40-11-3; 40-11-6

Any person who has reasonable cause to know or suspect that a child has been abused, neglected, or sexually abused 

by another child shall report the information within 24 hours.

A physician or registered nurse practitioner who has cause to suspect that a child is abused or determines that a child 

under age 12 is suffering from any sexually transmitted disease shall report his or her suspicions to the department. An 

immediate oral report shall be made by telephone or otherwise, to both the department and law enforcement agency, 

and shall be followed by a report, in writing, to the department and law enforcement agency explaining the extent and 

nature of the abuse or neglect the child is alleged to have suffered. 

Content of Reports 

Citation: Gen. Laws § 40-11-6

A written report shall follow the oral report. The written report will explain the extent and nature of the abuse or neglect 

the child is alleged to have suffered. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths 

Citation: Gen. Laws § 40-11-3.1

Any mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to know or suspect that a child has died as a result of child abuse 

or neglect shall immediately report that information to the department, which shall cause the report to be investigated 

immediately. Upon receipt of the report, the department shall immediately refer the information to the local law 

enforcement agency or the State police as well as to the office of the medical examiner. 

The office of the medical examiner shall investigate the report and communicate its preliminary findings, orally within 72 

hours, and in writing within 7 working days, to the appropriate law enforcement agency, to the department, and if the 

person who made the report is an employee or a member of the staff of a hospital, to the hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Gen. Laws §§ 40-11-3; 40-11-6; Admin. Rules 03-005-001, Policy 500.0000

Reports shall be made to the Department of Children, Youth and Families. Physicians and nurse practitioners shall make 

reports of suspected sexual abuse to both the department and a law enforcement agency.

In regulation: The department shall maintain a child protective services hotline, a statewide, toll-free phone number, to 

receive child abuse and neglect reports 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Admin. Rules 03-005-001, Policy 500.0010

The department will investigate when a report that meets investigation criteria is made to the hotline. The report must 

involve a child younger than age 18 or younger than age 21 if the youth is residing in foster or institutional care or if the 

youth is in department custody, regardless of placement.

Investigation Criteria 1--Child Abuse/Neglect Reports: The department investigates reports that allege child abuse and/

or neglect when reasonable cause to believe that abuse or neglect exists. Reports accepted for investigation contain the 

following elements:

• Harm or substantial risk of harm to the child is present.

• A specific incident or pattern of incidents suggests child abuse or neglect.

• A person responsible for the child’s welfare, including a parent, guardian, or other caregiver, has allegedly abused 

or neglected the child.

Investigation Criteria 2--Nonrelative Caregiver: An investigation is initiated when the department receives a report that 

a parent has assigned or otherwise transferred to a nonrelative his or her rights or duties with respect to the permanent 

care and custody of his or her child unless the arrangement was authorized by an order of the court. The investigation 

will determine if the home is suitable for the child.

Investigation Criteria 3--Sexual Abuse of a Child by Another Child: The department immediately will investigate sexual 

abuse of a child by another child.

Investigation Criteria 4--Duty to Warn: If the hotline receives a report that a perpetrator of sexual abuse or serious 

physical abuse has access to another child in a family dwelling, that report is assigned for investigation.

Investigation Criteria 5--Alert to Area Hospitals, Safety of Unborn Child: The department issues an alert to area hospitals 

when a parent has a history of substantiated child abuse/neglect or a child abuse/neglect conviction and there is concern 

about the safety of a child. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Gen. Laws § 40-11-7 

The department shall investigate reports of child abuse and neglect made under this chapter in accordance with the 

rules the of the department.

The department shall forward immediately any reports of institutional child abuse and neglect to the child advocate who 

shall investigate the report. In the event that after investigation the department has reasonable cause to know or suspect 

that a child has been subjected to criminal abuse or neglect, the department shall forward immediately any information 

related to that knowledge or suspicion to the law enforcement agency. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Gen. Laws § 40-11-7; Admin. Rules 03-005-001, Policy 500.0050; 500.0070

The investigation shall determine the circumstances surrounding the alleged abuse or neglect and the cause thereof. 

The investigation shall include personal contact with the child named in the report and any other children in the same 

household.

In regulation: The department has established standards for investigating child abuse and/or neglect reports. These 

standards contain general directives for the handling of all investigations and designate different activities that must be 

completed. The assessment of the safety of a child is a critical component of a child protective investigation.

The investigation must include personal contact with each child named in the report as well as any other children in 

the household or child care facility. The investigator must make every effort to locate and interview each child who was 

residing in the household or present in the child care facility at the time the abuse and/or neglect took place, whether or 

not the child is the alleged victim.

Assessment of risk is the process by which Child Protective Services (CPS) determines the current safety of a child and the 

prospects of future harm through abuse or neglect. This assessment process is the focal point of each investigation and is 

the basis of most investigative decisions. It is an ongoing process that should occur each time a new piece of evidence/

information is obtained. Failure to make a thorough and up-to-date assessment could later jeopardize the safety of the 

child. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Rules 03-005-001, Policy 500.0015

Intake workers initially set the response priority for each referral of child abuse or neglect. Response priorities delineate 

the time limit for the intake workers to process the CPS report and for the initiation of an investigation. Response 

priorities are categorized into three types:

• Emergency Response: The CPS report must be processed within 10 minutes after the call is completed. A child 

protection investigator (CPI) must respond to the report within 10 minutes of assignment.

• Immediate Response: The CPS report must be processed within 1 hour after the call is completed. A CPI must 

respond to the report within the shift in which the call was received. 

• Routine Response: The CPS report must be processed within 1 hour after the call is completed. A CPI must 

respond to the report within 24 hours of assignment. Routine Response criteria are used for all other reports in 

which there is minimal risk of harm to the child.

Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Rules 003-005-001, Policy 500.0080; 500.0085

The standard of proof to indicate a report of child abuse or neglect is a ‘preponderance of the evidence.’ This is defined 

as evidence of a greater weight or more convincing than the evidence in opposition to it; that is, evidence that, as a 

whole, shows that the fact sought to be proved is more probable than not.

A notification will be made to a person who is alleged to have perpetrated abuse and/or neglect upon a child, to inform 

that person whether the department’s CPS investigation will be ‘indicated’ or ‘unfounded,’ and to identify the allegations 

that have been ‘indicated’ or ‘unfounded.’ 

South Carolina

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-310

A mandated reporter shall report to the Department of Social Services or a law enforcement agency when the reporter 

has reason to believe that a child may have been abused or neglected.

The report is made to a law enforcement agency when abuse is committed by someone other than a person responsible 

for the child’s welfare.

Reports may be made orally by telephone or otherwise to the county Department of Social Services or to a law 

enforcement agency in the county where the child resides or is found. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-310

Reports must include the identity of the reporter, which is kept confidential. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-310

A mandated reporter who has reason to believe that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall report the 

information to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner. Any other person who has reason to believe that a child has 

died as a result of child abuse or neglect may report this information to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner.

The medical examiner or coroner shall accept the report for investigation and shall report his or her findings to the 

appropriate law enforcement agency, circuit solicitor’s office, the county Department of Social Services, and if the 

institution making a report is a hospital, to the hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-340

The department may maintain a toll-free number available to persons throughout the State for the reporting of known or 

suspected cases of child abuse or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63-7-340; 63-7-350

When a report is referred to the department for an investigation, the department must determine whether previous 

reports have been made regarding the same child or the same subject of the report.

If the department does not conduct an investigation, the department must make a record of the report and classify the 

record as a Category IV unfounded report. The department and law enforcement are authorized to use information from 

the report for purposes of assessing risk and safety if additional contacts are made concerning the child, the family, or 

the subject of the report. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-980

The department must cooperate with law enforcement agencies within the area it serves and establish procedures 

necessary to facilitate the referral of child protection cases to the department.

When the facts indicating abuse or neglect also appear to indicate a violation of criminal law, the department must notify 

the appropriate law enforcement agency of those facts within 24 hours of the department’s finding for the purposes of 

police investigation. 

When the intake report is of alleged sexual abuse, the department must notify the appropriate law enforcement agency 

within 24 hours of receipt of the report to determine if a joint investigation is necessary. The law enforcement agency 

must file a formal incident report at the time it is notified of the alleged sexual abuse.

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-920

The department or law enforcement, or both, may interview the child alleged to have been abused or neglected and any 

other child in the household during the investigation. The interviews may be conducted on school premises, at child care 

facilities, at the child’s home, or at other suitable locations and, in the discretion of the department or law enforcement, 

or both, may be conducted outside the presence of the parents. To the extent reasonably possible, the needs and 

interests of the child must be accommodated in making arrangements for interviews, including time, place, method of 

obtaining the child’s presence, and conduct of the interview. The department or law enforcement, or both, shall provide 

notification of the interview to the parents as soon as reasonably possible during the investigation if notice will not 

jeopardize the safety of the child or the course of the investigation.

In order to reduce potential emotional trauma to the child, all State, law enforcement, and community agencies 

providing child welfare intervention into a child’s life should coordinate their services to minimize the number of 

interviews of the child.

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-910

Within 24 hours of the receipt of a report of suspected child abuse or neglect, the department must begin an 

appropriate and thorough investigation to determine whether a report of suspected child abuse or neglect is ‘indicated’ 

or ‘unfounded.’ The finding must be made no later than 45 days from the receipt of the report. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 63-7-930

Reports of child abuse and neglect must be classified in the department’s data system and records in one of three 

categories: suspected, unfounded, or indicated. All initial reports must be considered suspected. Reports must be 

maintained in the category of suspected for no more than 60 days after the report was received. By the end of the 

60-day time period, suspected reports must be classified as either unfounded or indicated based on the investigation. 

Indicated findings must be based upon a finding of the facts available to the department that there is a preponderance 

of evidence that the child is an abused or neglected child. All reports that are not indicated at the conclusion of 

the investigation and all records of information for which an investigation was not conducted must be classified as 

unfounded. Unfounded reports must be further classified as Category I, Category II, Category III, or Category IV:

• Category I unfounded reports are those in which abuse and neglect were ruled out following the investigation. A 

report falls in this category if evidence of abuse or neglect as defined in this chapter was not found regardless of 

whether the family had other problems or was in need of services.

• Category II unfounded reports are those in which the investigation did not produce a preponderance of evidence 

that the child is an abused or neglected child.

• Category III unfounded reports are those in which an investigation could not be completed because the 

department was unable to locate the child or family or for some other compelling reason. 

• Category IV unfounded reports are records of information received pursuant to § 63-7-350 but were not 

investigated by the department. 

South Dakota

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-3 

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child younger than age 18 has been abused or 

neglected shall report that information as required by law. Any person who knows or has reason to suspect that a child 

has been abused or neglected may report that information. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-10

The report to the department shall include:

• The child’s name, address, date, and place of birth

• The name and address of the child’s parents, guardian, custodian, or responsible persons

• The date of the report

• Suspected or proven instances of abuse

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-4

Any person who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall report that 

information to the medical examiner or coroner. Upon receipt of the report, the medical examiner or coroner shall cause 

an investigation to be made and submit written findings to the State’s attorney and the Department of Social Services.

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-8

Reports required from mandated reporters shall be made immediately orally by telephone or otherwise to the State’s 

attorney, the Department of Social Services, or a law enforcement officer. 
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Admin. Code § 67:14:30:02 

Children eligible for child protective services are those children younger than age 18 who are alleged or determined to 

be unsafe because the individuals responsible for the children’s care are unable or unwilling to keep the children safe 

from harm or threats of harm and children who are abused or neglected as defined in statute. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-9

Upon receipt of a report, the department or law enforcement officers shall investigate. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-9; Admin. Code § 67:14:30:06

Investigating personnel may personally interview a child out of the presence of the child’s parents, guardian, or custodian 

without advance notice or consent. If the investigation and report indicate that child abuse or neglect has occurred, the 

State’s attorney shall take appropriate action immediately. 

In regulation: The department shall provide for 24-hour receipt of reports of child abuse or neglect through agreements 

with law enforcement agencies, hospitals, courts, or other community-based human service agencies. The department 

shall provide immediate or prompt investigation of situations in which a child is alleged to be in need of protective 

service by reason of a report to the department by a State’s attorney or by any person who shall or may make a report 

under the reporting laws. 

If a report received by the department implicates involvement of a foster parent or person employed by the department, 

the department shall request an investigation by the State’s attorney. The department shall offer protective service to 

the family and may make referral to the court of competent jurisdiction upon confirmation of need for child protection 

service. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

This issue is not addressed in the statutes and regulations reviewed. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Laws § 26-8A-11 

A person’s name may be placed on the central registry for child abuse and neglect based upon a substantiated 

investigation. If an investigation cannot substantiate the abuse, the report will be classified as unsubstantiated. The 

department may not maintain a record or other information of unsubstantiated child abuse and neglect for longer than 3 

years if there has been no further report within that 3-year period. 

Tennessee

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 37-1-403

Any person who has knowledge of or is called upon to render aid to any child who is suffering from or has sustained 

any wound, injury, disability, or physical or mental condition shall report such harm immediately if the harm is of such a 

nature as to reasonably indicate that it has been caused by brutality, abuse, or neglect, or that, on the basis of available 

information, reasonably appears to have been caused by brutality, abuse, or neglect.

Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been sexually abused shall report such 

knowledge or suspicion to the department. 
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Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 37-1-403

To the extent known by the reporter, the report shall include:

• The name, address, telephone number, and age of the child

• The name, address, and telephone number of the person responsible for the care of the child

• The facts requiring the report

• Any other pertinent information

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 37-1-403; 37-1-605

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of child abuse or neglect 

or sexual abuse shall report such suspicion to the medical examiner. The medical examiner shall accept the report 

for investigation and shall report the medical examiner’s findings, in writing, to the local law enforcement agency, the 

appropriate district attorney general, and the department. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 37-1-403

Any person with knowledge of the type of harm described above shall report it, by telephone or otherwise, to:

• The judge having juvenile jurisdiction over the child

• The Department of Children’s Services, either by contacting a local representative of the department or by utilizing 

the department’s centralized intake procedure

• The sheriff of the county where the child resides

• The chief law enforcement official of the municipality where the child resides

Every physician who makes a diagnosis of any sexually transmitted disease in a child who is age 13 or younger shall 

report the case immediately, in writing, to the Department of Health. If sexual abuse is suspected, the Department of 

Health will report the case to the Department of Children’s Services.

Each report of known or suspected child sexual abuse shall be made immediately to the local office of the department 

responsible for the investigation of reports, the judge having juvenile jurisdiction, or to the office of the sheriff or the 

chief law enforcement official of the municipality where the child resides.

Initial Screening Decisions

This issue is not addressed in the statutes and regulations reviewed. 
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Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 37-1-406; 37-1-607

The county office of the department shall investigate an oral or written report of harm. If the report of child abuse alleges 

physical abuse, it shall be in the best interests of the child that the child be referred to a child advocacy center or that the 

investigation be conducted by a child protective services investigator who is adequately trained in investigating physical 

abuse reports. Under no circumstances shall the investigation be performed by a probation officer previously assigned to 

the child.

In cases involving child sexual abuse, the investigation shall be conducted by a child protective investigation team. Each 

team shall be composed of one person from the department, one representative from the office of the district attorney 

general, one juvenile court officer or investigator from a court of competent jurisdiction, and one properly trained law 

enforcement officer with countywide jurisdiction from the county where the child resides or where the alleged offense 

occurred. The team also may include a representative from one of the mental health disciplines. It is in the best interests 

of the child that, whenever possible, an initial investigation shall not be commenced unless all four disciplines are 

represented. An initial investigation may, however, be commenced if at least two of the team members are present at the 

initial investigation. 

It is the intent of the general assembly that the child protective investigations be conducted by the team members in a 

manner that not only protects the child but that also preserves any evidence for future criminal prosecutions. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code § 37-1-406 

All representatives of the child protective services agency shall, at the initial time of contact with the individual who is 

subject to an investigation, advise the individual of the complaints or allegations made against the individual consistent 

with laws protecting the rights of the informant.

The investigation shall include:

• The nature, extent, and cause of the harm, including a determination of whether there exists a threat of harm, and 

the nature and extent of any present or prior injuries or abuse

• The identity of the person responsible for it

• The names and conditions of the other children in the home

• An evaluation of the parents or persons responsible for the care of the child, the home environment, and the 

relationship of each child to the parents or persons responsible for such child’s care

• The identity of any other persons in the same household

• The identity of any other children in the care of any adult residing in the household

• All other pertinent data

The investigation shall include a visit to the child’s home; an interview with and physical observation of the child; and 

interviews with the parents, other custodians of the child, and any other persons in the child’s home. If the investigator 

deems it necessary, the investigation also shall include medical, psychological, or psychiatric examinations of the child 

and any other children in the child’s home or under the care of any person alleged to have permitted or caused abuse, 

neglect, or sexual abuse to the child.

The investigator shall interview the child outside the presence of the parents or other persons allegedly responsible for 

the harm and, wherever possible, shall interview the child in a neutral setting other than the location where the alleged 

abuse occurred. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 37-1-406; 37-1-607

The department shall be capable of receiving and investigating reports of child abuse 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The 

county office shall make a thorough investigation promptly after receiving either an oral or written report of harm.

If it appears that the immediate safety or well-being of a child is endangered, that the family may flee or the child will be 

unavailable, or that the facts otherwise warrant, the department shall commence an investigation immediately, regardless 

of the time of day or night. 

For each child sexual abuse report it receives, the department shall immediately notify the child protection investigation 

team, which shall commence an on-site child protective investigation. 

No later than 60 days after receiving the initial report, the department or team in cases of child sexual abuse or the 

department in all other cases shall determine whether the reported abuse was indicated or unfounded and report its 

findings to the department’s abuse registry. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 37-1-406; Rules & Regs. §§ 0250-7-9-.01; 0250-7-9-.05

The investigation shall determine whether the reported abuse was indicated or unfounded. 

In regulation: ‘Indicated’ means the classification assigned to an individual found to be a perpetrator of abuse, severe 

child abuse, child sexual abuse, or neglect as the result of an investigation of a report of abuse. A report made against 

an alleged perpetrator shall be classified as ‘indicated’ if the preponderance of the evidence, in light of the entire record, 

proves that the individual committed abuse, severe child abuse, child sexual abuse, or neglect. 

Texas

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.101

Any person who has cause to believe that a child has been adversely affected by abuse or neglect shall immediately 

make a report.

A professional who has cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected or may be abused or neglected shall 

make a report no later than 48 hours after the professional first suspects that the child has been or may be abused or 

neglected. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.104

The person making a report shall identify, if known:

• The name and address of the child

• The name and address of the person responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child

• Any other pertinent information concerning the alleged abuse or neglect

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.105

The department or designated agency shall immediately notify the law enforcement agency of any report it receives that 

concerns the death of a child from abuse or neglect. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.103

The report shall be made to a law enforcement agency, the department, the agency that operates or licenses the facility 

where the abuse or neglect occurred, or to the agency designated by the court to be responsible for the protection of 

children.

The report must be made to the department if the alleged or suspected abuse or neglect involves a person responsible 

for the care, custody, or welfare of the child. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.3015; Admin. Code Tit. 40, § 700.505

The department shall establish a flexible response system to allow the department to make the most effective use of 

resources by investigating serious cases of abuse and neglect and by screening out less serious cases of abuse and 

neglect if the department determines that the child’s safety can be assured without further investigation. The department 

may administratively close the less serious cases without providing services or by making a referral to another entity for 

assistance.

A case is considered to be a less serious case of abuse or neglect if the circumstances of the case do not indicate an 

immediate risk of abuse or neglect that could result in the death of or serious harm to the child. 

In regulation: Child Protective Services (CPS) assigns priorities for reports of abuse and neglect based on the assessment 

of the immediacy of the risk and the severity of the possible harm to the child. Reports are assigned to one of two 

categories:

• Priority I reports concern children who appear to face an immediate risk of abuse or neglect that could result in 

death or serious harm.

• Priority II reports are all other reports of abuse or neglect that are not assigned a Priority I.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.301

With assistance from the appropriate State or local law enforcement agency, the department or designated agency 

shall make a prompt and thorough investigation of a report of child abuse or neglect allegedly committed by a person 

responsible for a child’s care, custody, or welfare.

A State agency shall investigate a report that alleges abuse or neglect occurred in a facility operated, licensed, certified, 

or registered by that agency. 

The department is not required to investigate a report that alleges child abuse or neglect by a person other than a 

person responsible for a child’s care, custody, or welfare. The appropriate State or local law enforcement agency shall 

investigate that report if the agency determines an investigation should be conducted.

An investigation of a report that alleges that a child has been or may be the victim of a criminal offense, that poses 

an immediate risk of physical or sexual abuse that could result in the death of or serious harm to the child, shall be 

conducted jointly by the department and a peace officer. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Fam. Code §§ 261.301; 361.302

As necessary to provide for the protection of the child, the department or designated agency shall determine:

• The nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect

• The identity of the person responsible for the abuse or neglect

• The names and conditions of the other children in the home

• An evaluation of the parents or persons responsible for the care of the child

• The adequacy of the home environment

• The relationship of the child to the persons responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the child

• All other pertinent data

The investigation may include:

• A visit to the child’s home unless the alleged abuse or neglect can be confirmed or clearly ruled out without a 

home visit

• An interview with and examination of the subject child, which may include a medical, psychological, or psychiatric 

examination

The interview with and examination of the child may:

• Be conducted at any reasonable time and place, including the child’s home or the child’s school

• Include the presence of persons the department or designated agency determines are necessary

• Include transporting the child for purposes relating to the interview or investigation

The investigation may include an interview with the child’s parents and an interview with and medical, psychological, or 

psychiatric examinations of any child in the home. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Fam. Code § 261.301; Admin. Code Tit. 40, § 700.505

The department shall assign by rule priorities and prescribe investigative procedures for investigations based on the 

severity and immediacy of the alleged harm to the child. The department is required to:

• Immediately respond to a report that involves circumstances in which the death of the child or substantial bodily 

harm to the child would result unless the department immediately intervenes

• Respond within 24 hours to a report that is assigned the highest priority

• Respond within 72 hours to a report that is assigned the second highest priority 

In regulation: CPS must:

• Respond immediately to a report of abuse or neglect that is assigned as a Priority I and involves circumstances in 

which the death of the child or substantial bodily harm to the child will imminently result unless the department 

immediately intervenes

• Respond within 24 hours to a report of abuse or neglect that is assigned a Priority I, other than a report described 

above

• Respond within 72 hours to a report of abuse or neglect that is assigned a Priority II by initiating an investigation 

or by forwarding the report to specialized screening staff
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 40, § 700.511

The finding made in the investigation about each individual allegation of abuse/neglect that was identified at intake or 

during the investigation is assigned one of the following allegation dispositions:

• Reason-to-believe: Based on a preponderance of evidence, staff conclude that abuse or neglect has occurred.

• Ruled-out: Staff determine, based on available information, that it is reasonable to conclude that the abuse or 

neglect has not occurred.

• Moved: Before staff could draw a conclusion, the persons involved in the allegation moved and could not be 

located.

• Unable-to-determine: Staff conclude that none of the dispositions specified above is appropriate. 

• Administrative closure: Information received after a case was assigned for investigation reveals that continued 

intervention is unwarranted.

Utah

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 62A-4a-403; 62A-4a-408

When a mandated reporter has reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect, or who observes 

a child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in abuse or neglect, he or she shall 

immediately notify a peace officer, a law enforcement agency, or the Division of Child and Family Services. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-403

The report shall include the reporter’s observations of the conditions or circumstances of the child that led to the 

suspicion that the child was being abused or neglected. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-405

Any person who has reason to believe that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall report that fact to:

• The local law enforcement agency, who shall report to the county attorney or district attorney

• The appropriate medical examiner

The medical examiner shall investigate and report his or her findings to the police, the appropriate county attorney or 

district attorney, the Attorney General’s Office, the division, and if the institution making the report is a hospital, to that 

hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-404

When an individual, including a licensee under the Medical Practice Act or the Nurse Practice Act, attends the birth of 

a child or cares for a child, and determines that the child, at the time of birth, has fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol 

spectrum disorder, or fetal drug dependency, he or she shall report that determination to the division as soon as 

possible.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Admin. Code R512-200-3

The division will maintain a system for receiving referrals or reports about child abuse, neglect, or dependency. The 

system shall supply workers with a complete previous division history for each child, including siblings, foster care 

episodes, all reports of abuse, neglect, or dependency, treatment plans, and casework deadlines.
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Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-409; Admin. Code R512-200-3

The division shall make a thorough preremoval investigation upon receiving either an oral or written report of alleged 

abuse, neglect, fetal alcohol syndrome, or fetal drug dependency, when there is reasonable cause to suspect that 

a situation of abuse, neglect, fetal alcohol syndrome, or fetal drug dependency exists. The primary purpose of the 

investigation shall be protection of the child. 

In regulation: Child and Family Services establishes Child Protective Services (CPS) priority timeframes as follows:

• A Priority 1 response shall be assigned when the child referred is in need of immediate protection. 

• A Priority 2 response shall be assigned when physical evidence is at risk of being lost or the child is at risk of 

further abuse, neglect, or dependency, but the child does not have immediate protection and safety needs, as 

determined by the intake checklist. 

• A Priority 3 response shall be assigned when potential for further harm to the child and the loss of physical 

evidence is low. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-409

The division shall use an interdisciplinary approach, when appropriate, in dealing with reports of abuse or neglect. For 

this purpose, the division shall convene appropriate interdisciplinary ‘child protection teams’ to assist it in its protective, 

diagnostic, assessment, treatment, and coordination services. A representative of the division shall serve as the team’s 

coordinator and chair. Whenever possible, the team shall include representatives of:

• Health, mental health, education, and law enforcement agencies

• The child

• The parent and family support groups unless the parent is alleged to be the perpetrator

• Other appropriate agencies or individuals

If a report of neglect is based upon or includes an allegation of educational neglect, the division shall immediately 

consult with school authorities to verify the child’s status.

With regard to cases in which law enforcement has or is conducting an investigation of alleged abuse or neglect of a 

child:

• The division shall coordinate with law enforcement to ensure that there is an adequate safety plan to protect the 

child from further abuse or neglect.

• The division is not required to duplicate an aspect of the investigation that, in the division’s determination, has 

been satisfactorily completed by law enforcement.

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ann. Code § 62A-4a-202.3

The division’s investigation shall conform to reasonable professional standards and shall include:

• A search for and review of any records of past reports of abuse or neglect involving the same child, any sibling or 

other child residing in the same household as the child, and the alleged perpetrator

• With regard to a child who is age 5 or older, a personal interview with the child outside of the presence of the 

alleged perpetrator

• If a parent or guardian can be located, an interview with at least one of the child’s parents or guardian

• An interview with the person who reported the abuse unless the report was made anonymously

• When possible and appropriate, interviews with other third parties who have had direct contact with the child, 

including school personnel and the child’s health-care provider

• An unscheduled visit to the child’s home unless:

» There is a reasonable basis to believe that the reported abuse was committed by a person who is not the 

child’s parent and does not live in the child’s home or otherwise have access to the child in the child’s home.

» An unscheduled visit is not necessary to obtain evidence for the investigation.

• If appropriate and indicated in any case alleging physical injury, sexual abuse, or failure to meet the child’s medical 

needs, a medical examination, obtained no later than 24 hours after the child is placed in protective custody
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Admin. Code R512-200-3

CPS shall respond to reports according to the priority timeframes as follows:

• For a Priority 1 report, intake will begin to collect information immediately after the completion of the initial 

contact from the reporter and, as soon as possible thereafter, obtain additional information and assign the case to 

the CPS worker. The CPS worker has, as a standard, 60 minutes from the time of assignment to initiate efforts to 

make face-to-face contact with an alleged victim. For a Priority 1R (rural) referral, the worker has, as a standard, 3 

hours to initiate efforts to make face-to-face contact if the alleged victim is more than 40 miles away.

• For a Priority 2 report, intake will begin to collect information as soon as possible after the completion of the initial 

contact and, as soon as possible, obtain additional information and assign the case to the CPS worker. The CPS 

worker has, as a standard, 24 hours from the time of assignment to initiate efforts to make face-to-face contact 

with the alleged victim. Notification of a Priority 2 referral received after normal working hours (8:00 a.m. through 

5:00 p.m.) shall occur as early as possible the following morning.

• For a Priority 3 report, the CPS worker will make the face-to-face contact with the alleged victim within a 

reasonable period of time.

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 62A-4a-101; 62A-4a-409; 62A-4a-202.3

The division shall make a written report of its investigation that shall include a determination regarding whether the 

alleged abuse or neglect is supported, unsupported, or without merit. Determinations may be: 

• ‘Supported’: a finding by the division based on the evidence available at the completion of an investigation that 

there is a reasonable basis to conclude that abuse, neglect, or dependency occurred 

• ‘Unsupported’: a finding at the completion of an investigation that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that 

abuse, neglect, or dependency occurred

• ‘Without merit’: a finding at the completion of an investigation by the division, or a judicial finding, that the 

alleged abuse, neglect, or dependency did not occur or that the alleged perpetrator was not responsible for the 

abuse, neglect, or dependency 

The division’s determination of whether a report is supported or unsupported may be based on the child’s statements 

alone. Decisions regarding whether a report is supported, unsupported, or without merit shall be based on the facts of 

the case at the time the report was made. 

Vermont

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, § 4913

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected shall report within 

24 hours. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, § 4914

The report shall contain:

• The name and address of the reporter

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child, if known

• The age of the child

• The nature and extent of the child’s injuries, including any evidence of previous abuse and neglect of the child or 

the child’s siblings

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful in establishing the cause of the injuries or the 

reasons for the neglect
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Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, § 4914

A report shall be made orally or in writing to the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, § 4915

Upon receipt of a report of abuse or neglect, the department shall promptly determine whether the report constitutes an 

allegation of child abuse or neglect. If the report is accepted as a valid allegation of abuse or neglect, the department 

shall determine whether to conduct an assessment or an investigation.

The decision to conduct an assessment shall include consideration of the following factors: 

• The nature of the conduct and the extent of the child’s injury, if any

• The accused person’s prior history of child abuse or neglect, or lack thereof

• The accused person’s willingness or lack thereof to accept responsibility for the conduct and cooperate in 

remediation 

The department shall conduct an investigation when an accepted report involves allegations indicating substantial child 

endangerment. For purposes of this section, ‘substantial child endangerment’ includes conduct by an adult involving or 

resulting in sexual abuse and conduct by a person responsible for a child’s welfare involving or resulting in abandonment, 

child fatality, malicious punishment, or abuse or neglect that causes serious physical injury. The department may conduct 

an investigation of any report. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, §§ 4915; 4915b

The department shall conduct either an assessment or an investigation. The department shall report to and request 

assistance from law enforcement in the following circumstances:

• Investigations of child sexual abuse by an alleged perpetrator age 10 or older

• Investigations of serious physical abuse or neglect likely to result in criminal charges or requiring emergency 

medical care

• Situations that are potentially dangerous to the child or department worker
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, §§ 4915a; 4915b

An assessment shall include:

• An interview with the child’s parent or any other adult residing in the child’s home who serves in a parental role

• An evaluation of the safety of the child and other children living in the home, which may include an interview with 

or observation of the children

• In collaboration with the family, identification of family strengths, resources, and service needs, and the 

development of a plan of services that reduces the risk of harm and improves family well-being

Families have the option of declining the services offered. If the family declines the services, the case shall be closed 

unless the department determines that sufficient cause exists to begin an investigation. In no instance shall a case be 

investigated solely because the family declines services.

When an assessment case is closed, there shall be no finding of abuse or neglect, however, the department shall 

document the outcome of the assessment.

An investigation shall include:

• A visit to the child’s residence and the location of the alleged abuse or neglect

• An interview with or observation of the abused or neglected child

• A determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any abuse or neglect

• A determination of the identity of the person alleged to be responsible for the abuse or neglect

• The identity of any other children living in the same home

• A determination of the immediate and long-term risk to each child if that child remains in the home 

• Consideration of the environment and the relationship of any children to the person alleged to be responsible for 

the suspected abuse or neglect

For cases substantiated by the department, the commissioner shall, to the extent that it is reasonable, provide assistance 

to the child and the child’s family. Services may be provided to the child’s immediate family whether or not the child 

remains in the home. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, §§ 4912; 4915a 

The department shall begin either an assessment or an investigation within 72 hours after the receipt of a report, 

provided that it has sufficient information to proceed.

The assessment shall be completed within 45 days. Upon written justification by the department, the assessment may be 

extended, not to exceed a total of 60 days. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. Tit. 33, § 4912; Code of Rules 13-172-200, § 2010

The term ‘substantiated report’ means that the commissioner has determined after investigation that a report is based 

upon accurate and reliable information that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the child has been abused or 

neglected. 

In regulation: The decision to substantiate a report of child maltreatment shall be based on pertinent, accurate, and 

reliable information gathered during an investigation. Hearsay information from a reliable source may be considered. All 

information shall be weighed with other supporting or conflicting data. A statement or disclosure from the child that he 

or she was abused or neglected is not required.

In order to substantiate an allegation of child abuse or neglect, the division must determine that a reasonable person 

would conclude that:

• The child is an abused or neglected child as defined in statute. 

• Unless the substantiated maltreatment is sexual abuse, a person responsible for the child’s welfare is the 

perpetrator.
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Virgin Islands

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2533

When a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been subjected to abuse, sexual abuse, or 

neglect, he or she shall immediately make a report.

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2534(b)

To the extent possible, the reports shall include the following information:

• The names and addresses of the child and the child’s parents or other persons responsible for the child’s care

• The child’s age and sex

• The nature and extent of the injuries, sexual abuse, or neglect to the child or to other children in the same home

• The name and address of the person responsible for the injuries, sexual abuse, or neglect

• Family composition

• The source of the report, including the name, occupation, and contact information of the person making the 

report 

• Any action taken by the reporter, including the taking of x-rays or color photographs

• Any other information that the reporter believes might be helpful

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann, Code Tit. 5, §§ 2534; 2536

Reports shall be made by telephone or otherwise to the U.S. Virgin Islands Police Department (VIPD) or the Department 

of Social Welfare (department). 

At the request of the department, an oral report shall be followed by a written report within 48 hours. 

The department shall receive or arrange for the receipt of all reports of alleged child abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2502

‘Intake’ includes the acceptance of complaints and then screening them to eliminate those that do not require action by 

the court, the disposition of the complaint without court action, when appropriate, the referral of the child to another 

public or private agency, when appropriate, and the instigation of court action when necessary.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2536

The department shall receive and investigate all reports of alleged child abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect 

The VIPD shall, on its own initiative, where appropriate, or at the request of the department, investigate reports of 

alleged child abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect, and shall convey the results of such investigation to the department and, 

where a petition or complaint has been filed, to the superior court. If the report of child abuse or neglect involves the 

acts or omissions of the department, the VIPD shall investigate such report and shall convey the results of such report to 

the Department of Law, which shall take appropriate action. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2536

The investigation by the department shall include:

• An evaluation of the child named in the report and any other children that may be in the same home

• A determination of the risk to those children if they continue to remain in the home

• A determination of the nature, extent, and cause of any condition enumerated in the initial report

• The name, age, and condition of any other children living in the same home

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2536

The department shall commence an investigation within 24 hours of notification of an alleged case of child abuse, sexual 

abuse, or neglect.

The department shall, within 90 days of receipt of the initial report, prepare a progress report, including a case 

determination, a plan for rehabilitative or ameliorative treatment, services offered and accepted or refused, and the 

present status of the case. Within 7 days of termination of a case, a report indicating the final disposition shall be 

prepared. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code Tit. 5, § 2536

The department shall include in the progress report a determination of whether the report of abuse or neglect is founded 

or unfounded. 

Virginia

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 63.2-1509

A mandated reporter who has reason to suspect that a child is an abused or neglected child shall report the matter 

immediately to the local department of the county or city wherein the child resides or wherein the abuse or neglect is 

believed to have occurred or to the toll-free child abuse and neglect hotline of the Department of Social Services. 

The initial report may be an oral report but such report shall be reduced to writing by the child abuse coordinator of the 

local department on a form prescribed by the State Board of Social Services. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 63.2-1509

A mandated reporter shall disclose all information that is the basis for his or her suspicion of abuse or neglect of the child 

and, upon request, shall make available to the child protective services coordinator and the local department that is the 

agency of jurisdiction any information, records, or reports that document the basis for the report. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code § 63.2-1503(D)-(E)

The local department shall upon receipt of a complaint, report immediately to the attorney for the Commonwealth 

and the local law enforcement agency and make available to them the records of the local department when abuse or 

neglect is suspected in any case involving the death of a child.

When abuse or neglect is suspected in any case involving the death of a child, the local department shall report the case 

immediately to the regional medical examiner and the local law enforcement agency. 
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Ann. Code § 63.2-1509(B)

For purposes of making a report, ‘reason to suspect that a child is abused or neglected’ shall include:

• A finding made by a health-care provider within 6 weeks of the birth of a child that the results of toxicology 

studies of the child indicate the presence of a controlled substance not prescribed for the mother by a physician

• A finding made by a health-care provider within 6 weeks of the birth of a child that the child was born dependent 

on a controlled substance that was not prescribed by a physician for the mother and has demonstrated withdrawal 

symptoms

• A diagnosis made by a health-care provider at any time following a child’s birth that the child has an illness, 

disease, or condition that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, is attributable to in utero exposure to a 

controlled substance that was not prescribed by a physician for the mother or the child

• A diagnosis made by a health-care provider at any time following a child’s birth that the child has a fetal alcohol 

spectrum disorder attributable to in utero exposure to alcohol

When ‘reason to suspect’ is based upon this subsection, such fact shall be included in the report along with the facts 

relied upon by the person making the report.

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63.2-1503; 63.2-1509 

The local department shall be the public agency responsible for receiving reports of suspected abuse or neglect. The 

local department shall ensure, through its own personnel or through cooperative arrangements with other local agencies, 

the capability of receiving reports or complaints and responding to them promptly on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-per-week 

basis.

The local department shall widely publicize a telephone number for receiving complaints and reports.

If an employee of the local department is suspected of abusing or neglecting a child, the report shall be made to the 

court of the county or city where the abuse or neglect was discovered. Upon receipt of such a report by the court, the 

judge shall assign the report to a local department that is not the employer of the suspected employee for investigation 

or family assessment. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63.2-1503; 63.2-1508

Upon receipt of a report of child abuse or neglect, the local department shall determine the validity of such report and 

make a determination to conduct an investigation or, if designated as a child protective services differential response 

agency by the department, a family assessment.

A valid report or complaint means the local department has evaluated the information and allegations of the report or 

complaint and determined that the local department shall conduct an investigation or family assessment because the 

following elements are present:

• The alleged victim child or children are under age 18 at the time of the complaint or report.

• The alleged abuser is the alleged victim child’s parent or other caregiver.

• The local department receiving the complaint or report has jurisdiction.

• The circumstances described allege suspected child abuse or neglect.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63.2-1503; 63.2-1504

The local department shall be the public agency responsible for responding to complaints and reports.

The local department may develop multidisciplinary teams to provide consultation to the local department during 

the investigation of selected cases involving child abuse or neglect and to make recommendations regarding the 

prosecution of such cases. These teams may include, but are not limited to, members of the medical, mental health, 

legal, and law enforcement professions, including the attorney for the Commonwealth or his or her designee, a local 

child protective services representative, and the guardian ad litem or other court-appointed advocate for the child. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63.2-1505; 63.2-1506; 63.2-1516.01

An investigation will determine:

• The immediate safety needs of the child

• The risk of future harm to the child

• Whether abuse or neglect has occurred

• If abuse or neglect has occurred, who abused or neglected the child

• A finding of either founded or unfounded based on the facts collected during the investigation

A family assessment will determine:

• The immediate safety needs of the child

• The protective and rehabilitative services needs of the child and family 

• The risk of future harm to the child

• Alternative plans for the child’s safety if protective and rehabilitative services are indicated and the family is unable 

or unwilling to participate

An immediate investigation will be commenced if, at any time during the completion of the family assessment, the local 

department determines that an investigation is required. The following valid reports of child abuse or neglect shall be 

investigated:

• Sexual abuse 

• A child fatality

• Abuse or neglect resulting in serious injury

• A child taken into the custody by the local department

• Cases involving a caregiver at a child care center, school, hospital, or any institution 

The local department shall, at the initial time of contact with the person subject to an investigation, advise such person 

of the complaints or allegations made against the person, in a manner that is consistent with laws protecting the rights of 

the person making the report or complaint. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Code §§ 63.2-1505; 63.2-1506

If the local department responds to the report or complaint by conducting an investigation, the local department shall:

• Make immediate investigation

• Determine within 45 days if a report of abuse or neglect is founded or unfounded and transmit a report of the 

findings to the department and to the person who is the subject of the investigation

Upon written justification by the local department, the determination may be extended up to a total of 60 days. If 

through the exercise of reasonable diligence the local department is unable to find the child who is the subject of 

the report, the time the child cannot be found shall not be computed as part of the 45-day or 60-day period, and 

documentation of such reasonable diligence shall be placed in the record.

If the local department responds to the report or complaint by conducting an assessment, the local department shall:

• Conduct an immediate family assessment 

• Complete the family assessment within 45 days and transmit a report of the findings to the department and to the 

person who is the subject of the family assessment

Upon written justification by the local department, the family assessment may be extended up to a total of 60 days. 
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Classification of Reports

Citation: Admin. Code Tit. 22, § 40-705-10

A report is ‘founded’ when a review of the facts shows by a preponderance of the evidence that child abuse and/or 

neglect has occurred. A determination that a case is founded shall be based primarily on first source evidence; in no 

instance shall a determination that a case is founded be based solely on indirect evidence or an anonymous complaint.

A report is ‘unfounded’ when a review of the facts does not show by a preponderance of the evidence that child abuse 

or neglect occurred. 

Washington

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.030

When any mandated reporter has reasonable cause to believe that a child has suffered abuse or neglect, he or she shall 

make a report to the law enforcement agency or to the Department of Social and Health Services.

An oral report shall be made at the first opportunity but no longer than 48 hours after there is reasonable cause. The oral 

report must be followed by a report in writing.

When any person, in his or her official supervisory capacity with a nonprofit or for-profit organization, has reasonable 

cause to believe that a child has suffered abuse or neglect caused by a person over whom he or she regularly exercises 

supervisory authority, he or she shall report such incident, or cause a report to be made, to the proper law enforcement 

agency, if the person alleged to have caused the abuse or neglect is employed by, contracted by, or volunteers with the 

organization and coaches, trains, educates, or counsels a child or children or regularly has unsupervised access to a child 

or children as part of the employment, contract, or voluntary service. No one shall be required to report when he or she 

obtains the information solely as a result of a privileged communication.

Content of Reports

Citation: Rev. Code §§ 26.44.030; 26.44.040

The reports must contain the following information, if known:

• The name, address, and age of the child

• The name and address of the child’s parents, stepparents, guardians, or other persons having custody of the child

• The nature and extent of alleged injuries, neglect, or sexual abuse

• Any evidence of previous injuries, including their nature and extent

• Any other information that might be helpful in establishing the cause of the child’s death, injury, or injuries, and 

the identity of the alleged perpetrator or perpetrators

The report must include the identity of the accused, if known. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.030(4), (5)

If the report involves a child who has died: 

• The department shall notify the proper law enforcement agency.

• The law enforcement agency shall report the incident in writing to the proper county prosecutor or city attorney 

and notify the department.
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Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: Rev. Code §§ 26.44.170; 26.44.200

When an investigation is made that includes an in-person contact with the person alleged to have committed abuse, 

there shall be a determination of whether it is probable that the use of alcohol or controlled substances is a contributing 

factor.

If, in the course of investigating an allegation relating to the manufacture of methamphetamine or possession of 

ephedrine or any of its salts or isomers or salts of isomers, pseudoephedrine or any of its salts or isomers or salts of 

isomers, pressurized ammonia gas, or pressurized ammonia gas solution with intent to manufacture methamphetamine, 

a law enforcement agency discovers that a child is present at the site, the agency shall contact the department 

immediately. 

Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.040

An immediate oral report must be made by telephone or otherwise to the proper law enforcement agency or the 

Department of Social and Health Services and, upon request, must be followed by a report in writing. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.030

Upon receiving a report of alleged abuse or neglect, the department shall use one of the following discrete responses 

to reports of child abuse or neglect that are screened in and accepted for departmental response: Investigation or family 

assessment.

In making the response the department shall:

• Use a method by which to assign cases to investigation or family assessment that are based on an array of factors 

that may include the presence of: Imminent danger, level of risk, number of previous child abuse or neglect 

reports, or other presenting case characteristics, such as the type of alleged maltreatment and the age of the 

alleged victim

• Allow for a change in response assignment based on new information that alters risk or safety level

• Allow families assigned to family assessment to choose to receive an investigation rather than a family assessment

• Provide a full investigation if a family refuses the initial family assessment 

• Provide voluntary services to families based on the results of the initial family assessment

• Conduct an investigation, and not a family assessment, in response to an allegation that, the department 

determines based on the intake assessment:

» Poses a risk of imminent harm, which includes, but is not limited to, sexual abuse and sexual exploitation

» Poses a serious threat of substantial harm to a child

» Constitutes conduct involving a criminal offense that has, or is about to occur, in which the child is the victim

» Involves an abandoned child

» Involves a child who is an adjudicated dependent child, or a child who is in a facility that is licensed, operated, 

or certified for care of children by the department or by the department of early learning

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.050

Except for reports that are assigned for family assessment, upon the receipt of a report concerning the possible 

occurrence of abuse or neglect, the law enforcement agency or the Department of Social and Health Services must 

investigate and provide the protective services section with a report and, where necessary, refer the report to the court. 
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Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.030

For reports that are responded to through a family assessment, the department shall:

• Provide the family with a written explanation of the procedure for assessment and its purposes

• Collaborate with the family to identify family strengths, resources, and service needs, and develop a service plan 

with the goal of reducing risk of harm to the child and improving or restoring family well-being

• Offer services to the family in a manner that makes it clear that acceptance of the services is voluntary

• Implement the family assessment in a consistent and cooperative manner

• Before services are initiated, have the parent sign an agreement that informs the parents of their rights under a 

family assessment response, all of their options, and the options the department has if the parents do not sign the 

consent form

In conducting an investigation or family assessment, the department or law enforcement agency may interview children. 

If the department determines that the response to the allegation will be a family assessment, the preferred practice is 

to request a parent’s, guardian’s, or custodian’s permission to interview the child before conducting the interview unless 

doing so would compromise the safety of the child or the integrity of the assessment.

Interviews may be conducted on school premises, at daycare facilities, at the child’s home, or at other suitable locations 

outside of the presence of parents.

If the allegation is investigated, parental notification of the interview must occur at the earliest possible point in the 

investigation that will not jeopardize the safety of the child or the course of the investigation. 

The department shall use a risk assessment process when investigating alleged child abuse and neglect referrals. 

The department shall present the risk factors at all hearings in which the placement of a dependent child is an issue. 

Substance abuse must be a risk factor. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Rev. Code § 26.44.030

For reports of alleged abuse or neglect that are accepted for investigation by the department, the investigation shall 

be conducted within timeframes established by the department in rule. In no case shall the investigation extend 

longer than 90 days from the date the report is received, unless the investigation is being conducted under a written 

protocol pursuant to § 26.44.180, and a law enforcement agency or prosecuting attorney has determined that a longer 

investigation period is necessary.

The department shall complete a family assessment within 45 days of receiving the report; however, upon parental 

agreement, the family assessment response period may be extended up to 90 days.

Classification of Reports

Citation: Rev. Code §§ 26.44.030; 26.44.020

At the completion of the investigation, the department shall make a finding that the report of child abuse or neglect is 

founded or unfounded.

• A report is ‘founded’ when the department determines that, based on available information, it is more likely than 

not that child abuse or neglect did occur.

• A report is ‘unfounded’ when the department determines that available information indicates that, more likely 

than not, child abuse or neglect did not occur, or that there is insufficient evidence for the department to 

determine whether the alleged child abuse did or did not occur.

In the family assessment response, the department shall not make a finding as to whether child abuse or neglect 

occurred. No one shall be named as a perpetrator and no investigative finding shall be entered in the department’s child 

abuse or neglect database. 
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West Virginia

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-2

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused or neglected or observes the child 

being subjected to conditions that are likely to result in abuse or neglect shall immediately, and no more than 48 hours 

after suspecting this abuse or neglect, report the circumstances or cause a report to be made to the Department of 

Health and Human Resources. In any case in which the reporter believes that the child suffered serious physical abuse, 

sexual abuse, or sexual assault, the reporter also shall report immediately to the State Police and any law enforcement 

agency having jurisdiction to investigate the complaint.

Any person over age 18 who receives a disclosure from a credible witness or observes any sexual abuse or sexual assault 

of a child shall immediately, and no more than 48 hours after receiving such a disclosure or observing the sexual abuse or 

sexual assault, make a report to the department or the State Police or other law enforcement agency having jurisdiction 

to investigate the report.

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-2

The report shall contain the reporter’s observations of the conditions or circumstances that led to the suspicion that a 

child was an abused or neglected child. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-3

Any mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of child abuse or neglect 

shall report that fact to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner.

Upon the receipt of such a report, the medical examiner or coroner shall cause an investigation to be made and report 

the findings to the police, the appropriate prosecuting attorney, the local child protective service agency, and, if the 

institution making a report is a hospital, to the hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

Citation: CPS Policy Ch. 70,000, §§ 3.19; 3.20

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) is a key piece of Federal legislation that guides child protective 

services. This legislation requires that child protective services and other community service providers address the 

needs of newborn infants who have been identified as being affected by illegal drug abuse or experiencing withdrawal 

symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure. Health-care providers who are involved in the delivery or care of such 

infants are required to make a report to child protective services.

For reports of drug-affected infants or infants suffering from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the intake assessment 

worker and supervisor will follow all intake assessment policies that are applicable to the report. In addition, the intake 

assessment worker will gather the following information: 

• The name and address of the medical facility where the child was delivered

• The infant’s drug results, if applicable, including the type of drug for which the infant tested positive 

• The birth mother’s drug test results, if applicable, including the type of drug for which she tested positive

• Information from medical personnel as to the condition of the infant upon birth, including specific data as to how 

the in utero drug or alcohol exposure has affected the infant (e.g., withdrawal, physical and/or neurological birth 

defects)

• The infant’s birth weight and gestational age

• The extent of prenatal care received by the birth mother

• The names and ages of any siblings the infant may have, including any abuse, neglect, or safety concerns 

regarding the siblings
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-5

Reports of child abuse and neglect shall be made immediately by telephone to the local State child protective 

service agency and shall be followed by a written report within 48 hours if so requested by the receiving agency. The 

department shall establish and maintain a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week telephone number to receive such calls reporting 

suspected or known child abuse or neglect.

A copy of any report of serious physical abuse, sexual abuse, or sexual assault shall be forwarded by the department to 

the appropriate law enforcement agency, the prosecuting attorney, or the coroner or medical examiner’s office. Reports 

of known or suspected institutional child abuse or neglect shall be made and received as all other reports made pursuant 

to this article 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: CPS Policy Ch. 70,000, § 3.3 

Whether or not to accept a referral for family functioning assessment is a critical decision in Child Protective Services 

(CPS). When making this decision, the supervisor must analyze all the information in the report to determine whether 

there is reasonable cause to suspect a child is abused or neglected or is subjected to conditions that will likely result in 

abuse or neglect. 

CPS must accept for assessment any report that suggests that, assuming the reporter’s perceptions are true, an individual 

between birth and age 18 may have been subject to treatment that meets the definition of abuse or neglect in statute 

and CPS policy. A reporter need not have witnessed a specific injury nor does there have to be an injury for there to be a 

reason to believe that parental conduct results in a threat of harm to a child, which is included in the statutory definitions 

of an abused and neglected child.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-9

The local CPS office shall investigate all reports of child abuse or neglect. Each local CPS office shall, upon notification of 

suspected child abuse or neglect, commence or cause to be commenced a thorough investigation of the report and the 

child’s environment. 

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: CPS Policy Ch. 70,000, §§ 4.1; 4.2; 4.3; 4.4; 4.6

The term ‘family functioning assessment’ refers to the function that is commonly referred to as investigation or initial 

assessment. The assessment determines who CPS will serve by assessing and reaching conclusions about caregivers who 

are unable or unwilling to protect their children from impending danger. The assessment provides a uniform, systematic, 

and structured approach to all family situations when a child is alleged to be abused or neglected.

Upon assignment of a report for assessment, the CPS worker will:

• Review the report and all previous reports, records, and documentation on the family

• Make face-to-face contact with the identified child within the response time assigned on the intake

• Inform the caregivers of the child abuse or neglect allegations, the reason for the contact, and the process for 

completing the assessment

• If at all possible, on the same day and in the following order, conduct interviews of the identified child, siblings, 

the nonmaltreating parent, the maltreating parent, and other adults in the home

• Assess for present dangers and implement a protection plan, if necessary

Detailed information must be collected through interviews, observations, and written materials provided by 

knowledgeable individuals. The CPS worker must conduct sufficient numbers of interviews of sufficient length and effort 

necessary to assure that due diligence is demonstrated and sufficient information is collected to assess threats of serious 

harm and determine if the children are abused or neglected. 
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Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ann. Code § 49-6A-9; CPS Policy Ch. 70,000, § 3.4

Each local CPS office shall respond immediately to all allegations of imminent danger to the physical well-being of the 

child or of serious physical abuse. As a part of this response, within 72 hours there shall be a face-to-face interview with 

the child or children and the development of a protection plan, which may involve law-enforcement officers or the court.

In regulation: Response time is measured from the date and time the report is received by the department until face-toface contact with the alleged victim child. The caregivers should be contacted the same day as the victim child unless 

contact will jeopardize child safety or extenuating circumstances exist (e.g., a caregiver is out of town). The response 

time is the maximum amount of time that the CPS worker has to make face-to-face contact in order to assess for present 

dangers and gather information to complete the family functioning assessment.

The selected response times are as follows:

• Immediate response: CPS must respond to the report as soon as possible unless there is a protective caregiver. 

If a protective caregiver clearly is documented in the record, and a same-day response will in no way jeopardize 

child safety, face-to-face contact must be made no later than the same day of the referral.

• 0--72 hour response: Face-to-face contact must be made with the child within 72 hours.

• 0--14 day response: Face-to-face contact must be made with the child within 14 days.

If the report indicates imminent danger to the child, the response time must be a maximum of 72 hours; however the 

supervisor may instruct social workers to make contact with the children and caregivers sooner based on the information 

collected. 

Classification of Reports 

Citation: CPS Policy Ch. 70,000, § 4.10 

During the family functioning assessment, the CPS worker will gather information in family functioning assessment areas 

related to child safety. The specific, detailed information in the assessment must be analyzed in order to determine if 

maltreatment did or did not occur. The maltreatment finding is based on whether a preponderance of the evidence (e.g., 

eyewitness accounts, worker observations, medical reports, professional evaluations) obtained during the assessment 

would lead the worker to conclude that maltreatment did or did not occur. 

Wisconsin

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981(3)

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected immediately shall 

make a report, either by telephone or personally.

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981(3)

The report must include the facts and circumstances contributing to a suspicion of child abuse or neglect or of unborn 

child abuse or to a belief that abuse or neglect will occur. 

Reporting Suspicious Deaths

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981(5)

A mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report that fact to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner. The medical examiner or coroner shall accept the report 

for investigation and shall report the findings to the appropriate district attorney, the department, and if the institution 

making the report initially is a hospital, to the hospital. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 
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Agency Receiving the Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

Reports shall be made to the county department or, in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, the Department 

of Children and Families; a licensed child welfare agency under contract with the department; the sheriff; or city, village, 

or town police department. 

Initial Screening Decisions

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

Immediately after receiving a report, the agency shall evaluate the report to determine whether there is reason to 

suspect that a caregiver has abused or neglected the child or has threatened the child with abuse or neglect.

The term ‘substantial abuse or neglect’ means abuse or neglect or threatened abuse or neglect that constitutes severe 

abuse or neglect or a threat of severe abuse or neglect and a significant threat to the safety of a child and his or her 

family.

The department shall establish a pilot program under which a selected agency or a county department may employ 

alternative responses to a report of abuse or neglect or of threatened abuse or neglect. Immediately after receiving 

a report, the agency or county department shall evaluate the report to determine the most appropriate alternative 

response to the report. Based on that evaluation, the agency or county department shall respond to the report as 

follows:

• If the agency or county department determines that there is reason to suspect that substantial abuse or neglect 

has occurred or is likely to occur or that an investigation is otherwise necessary to ensure the safety of the child 

and his or her family, the agency shall investigate the report.

• If, in conducting that investigation, the agency or county department determines that it is not necessary for 

the safety of the child to complete the investigation, the agency or county department may terminate the 

investigation and conduct an assessment.

• If the agency determines that there is reason to suspect that abuse or neglect, other than substantial abuse or 

neglect, has occurred or is likely to occur, but that under the guidelines developed by the department there is no 

immediate threat to the safety of the child and his or her family and court intervention is not necessary, the agency 

shall conduct a comprehensive assessment.

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

If the report is of suspected or threatened abuse, the sheriff or police department and the county department, 

department, or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the department shall coordinate the planning and 

execution of the investigation of the report.

If the agency or county department determines that there is reason to suspect that substantial abuse or neglect has 

occurred or is likely to occur or that an investigation is otherwise necessary to ensure the safety of the child and his or 

her family, the agency or county department shall investigate the report. If the agency or county department determines 

that there is reason to suspect that abuse or neglect, other than substantial abuse or neglect, has occurred or is likely to 

occur, but that there is no immediate threat to the safety of the child and his or her family and court intervention is not 

necessary, the agency or county department shall conduct a comprehensive assessment. 
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

132 This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information 

Gateway. Available online at https://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/repproc.cfm

Assessment/Investigation Procedures

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

The investigation shall include observation of or an interview with the child, and, if possible, an interview with the child’s 

parents. If the investigation is of a report of child abuse or neglect by a caregiver who continues to reside in the same 

dwelling as the child, the investigation also shall include, if possible, a visit to that dwelling. The agency may contact, 

observe, or interview the child at any location without permission from the child’s parent, if necessary, to determine if the 

child is in need of protection or services. 

If the agency determines that there is reason to suspect that abuse or neglect has occurred or is likely to occur, but 

that there is no immediate threat to the safety of the child and his or her family and court intervention is not necessary, 

the agency shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of the safety of the child and his or her family, including the risk 

of subsequent abuse or neglect and the strengths and needs of the child’s family, to determine whether services are 

needed to address the issues assessed and, based on the assessment, shall offer to provide appropriate services to the 

child’s family on a voluntary basis or refer the child’s family to a service provider in the community for the provision of 

those services. 

If the agency or county department employs the assessment response, the agency is not required to refer the report to 

the sheriff or police department or determine by a preponderance of the evidence that abuse or neglect has occurred or 

is likely to occur or that a specific person has abused or neglected the child. 

Timeframes for Completing Investigations

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

Within 24 hours after receiving the report the agency or the county department shall initiate a diligent investigation to 

determine if the child is in need of protection or services.

The determination of whether abuse has occurred shall be made within 60 days of receipt of the report. 

Classification of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 48.981

The county department, department, or a licensed child welfare agency shall determine whether abuse or neglect has 

occurred or is likely to occur. The determination shall be based on a preponderance of the evidence produced by the 

investigation. 

Wyoming

Individual Responsibility to Report

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-205

Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected shall immediately 

report it to the child protective agency or local law enforcement agency. 

Content of Reports

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-206

The report shall provide to law enforcement or the local child protective agency the following, to the extent available: 

• The name, age, and address of the child

• The name and address of any person responsible for the child’s care

• The nature and extent of the child’s condition

• The basis of the reporter’s knowledge

• The names and conditions of any other children relevant to the report

• Any evidence of previous injuries to the child

• Photographs, videos, and x-rays with the identification of the person who created the evidence and the date the 

evidence was created

• Any other relevant information
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

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Gateway. Available online at https://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/repproc.cfm

Reporting Suspicious Deaths 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-207

Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect shall 

report to the appropriate coroner. The coroner shall investigate the report and submit his or her findings in writing to the 

law enforcement agency, the appropriate district attorney, and the local child protective agency. 

Reporting Substance-Exposed Infants

This issue is not addressed in the statutes reviewed. 

Agency Receiving the Reports 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-206

The State agency may establish and maintain a statewide reporting center to receive reports of child abuse or neglect 

on 24-hour, 7-day-a-week, toll free telephone number. Upon establishment of the service, all reports of child abuse or 

neglect may be made to the center, which shall transfer the reports to the appropriate local child protective agency. 

Initial Screening Decisions 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-204; Wyo. Rules § 049-240-002

The child protective agency shall assign a report:

• For investigation when allegations contained in the report indicate that:

» Criminal charges could be filed, the child appears to be in imminent danger, and it is likely the child will need 

to be removed from the home.

» A child fatality, major injury, or sexual abuse has occurred.

• For assessment when the report does not meet the criteria above

In regulation: Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect shall be made to any field office of the Department of Family 

Services or to any law enforcement center at any time. All reports are screened to determine whether the allegations 

meet the statutory definitions of child abuse/neglect and are within the scope of Child Protective Services. The 

verification process will begin within 24 hours. The department shall check records, including the central registry, to 

obtain pertinent information, including past department involvement.

A safety assessment will be initiated within 24 hours and completed within 7 calendar days for all accepted reports to 

determine if the case is appropriate for investigation or assessment. Accepted reports where criminal charges appear 

unlikely, children do not appear to be in imminent danger, or removal from the home appears unlikely may be assigned 

for assessment. The case will be referred for investigation if the safety assessment indicates a child is in imminent danger. 

Agency Conducting the Assessment/Investigation 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-204; Wyo. Rules § 049-240-002 

The local child protective agency shall receive, assess, investigate or arrange for investigation, and coordinate 

investigation or assessment of all reports of known or suspected child abuse or neglect. 

In regulation: It is recommended that all investigations be teamed with law enforcement. In addition, the department will 

immediately contact the appropriate law enforcement agency for assistance and consideration of criminal investigation 

or other action in cases that include, but are not limited to, the following types:

• Reports regarding a child who may have died as a result of abuse or neglect

• Reports in which imminent danger, sexual abuse, or major injury to the child is suspected

• Situations necessitating the removal of the child from the home
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

134 This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information 

Gateway. Available online at https://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/repproc.cfm

Assessment/Investigation Procedures 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-204; Wyo. Rules 049-240-002

The representative of the child protective agency shall, at the initial time of contact with the individual subject to a child 

abuse and neglect investigation or assessment, advise the individual of the specific complaints or allegations made 

against the individual. A thorough investigation or assessment and report of child abuse or neglect shall be made in 

the manner and time prescribed by the State agency pursuant to rules and regulations adopted in accordance with the 

Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act. 

In regulation: The assessment process begins when the report of abuse or neglect is accepted. A safety assessment 

shall be completed for each child and a safety plan initiated when appropriate. The department will complete a family 

assessment and case plan when services are accepted.

The investigative process begins when the report is accepted. The department and/or law enforcement shall make 

in-person contact with the alleged victim, alleged perpetrator, and the child’s caregivers. The alleged perpetrator shall 

not be present during the initial interview of the alleged victim. During the initial interview of the alleged perpetrator, the 

department shall inform the alleged perpetrator, in writing, that:

• A complaint has been received against him or her and the department has the duty to investigate.

• The investigation may involve law enforcement or the court, if needed, to protect the child from any further abuse 

or neglect.

A safety assessment shall be completed for each child and a safety plan initiated, when appropriate. A risk assessment 

also shall be completed for each child.

Timeframes for Completing Investigations 

Citation: Ann. Stat. § 14-3-204; Wyo. Rules § 049-240-002

Within 24 hours after notification of a suspected case of child abuse or neglect, the local child protective agency shall 

initiate an investigation or assessment and verification of every report. 

In regulation: For an assessment, the department shall make in-person contact with the child and family within 7 calendar 

days. In-person contact may be extended if the caseworker is unable to make contact following good faith efforts.

For an investigation, in-person contact shall be immediately attempted with the alleged victim and/or family when the 

report alleges any of the following:

• All complaints involving major injury

• Complaints involving a child under age 6

• Complaints involving children who are suffering from acute, untreated medical conditions

• Complaints alleging children are in immediate need of food

• Complaints alleging that the parent or caregiver is psychotic, behaving in a bizarre manner, or acting under the 

influence of drugs or alcohol

• Complaints alleging bizarre punishment or torture

• Complaints alleging that in addition to abuse/neglect, the child is suicidal

• Complaints involving abandonment

• Complaints from doctors and hospital emergency rooms concerning children under their care

• Self-reports from parents who state they are unable to cope and feel they will hurt or kill their children

• When it is likely the family may flee the area 

• Cases in which the need for protective custody is indicated
Making and Screening Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov

Classification of Reports

Citation: Wyo. Rules § 049-240-002

Upon completion of an investigation of abuse or neglect, the department shall make a final determination in a written 

report as to whether a child was abused or neglected. This determination shall be based upon whether the information 

and evidence gathered during the investigation constitutes credible evidence of child abuse or neglect.

Allegations must be determined to be substantiated or unsubstantiated:

• When credible evidence of abuse or neglect has been determined, the allegation is substantiated.

• In the absence of credible evidence, the allegations and the investigation shall be unsubstantiated and the 

investigation closed. Services may be offered. 

The department shall substantiate all reports in which a court has accepted a criminal plea of guilty or nolo contendere, 

or a civil, juvenile, or criminal court has made a finding that the alleged perpetrator committed certain acts that 

constitute abuse or neglect under these rules. 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Administration for Children and Families

Administration on Children, Youth and Families

Children’s Bureau