page 1

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

✔

if it 

applies

Does your family history include? Then ask your doctor or nurse if you need 

the following screenings, tests, exams, or 

vaccines more often or at a younger age:

High blood pressure Blood pressure test1

High cholesterol Cholesterol test2

Heart disease, premature heart disease, or 

heart attack

Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, exercise 

stress test3,4

Diabetes Blood glucose test5

Breast cancer Mammogram, ovarian cancer tests6

Endometrial cancer Colon screening7,8

Ovarian cancer Pelvic exam, ovarian cancer tests, colon 

screening, clinical breast exam9

Osteoporosis, bone fracture in adulthood Bone mineral density test10

Thyroid disease or thyroid cancer Thyroid test and/or genetic counseling11,12

Gum (periodontal) disease Oral exam13

Hearing problems, deafness Hearing test14

Vision problems, eye disease, blindness Vision exam15

Infl ammatory bowel disease; colon polyps; 

colon, ovarian, or endometrial cancer

Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, DCBE, rectal 

exam, fecal occult blood test, pap test, pelvic 

exam, ovarian cancer tests16-21

Cancer, heart disease, or any illness at an 

unusually young age (50 or younger)

Genetic counseling, possible early screening 

tests22,23

Two relatives with the same kind of cancer Genetic counseling, possible early screening 

tests24

Birth defects or genetic disorder (you or 

your partner)

Genetic counseling, possible early screening 

tests. If you want to become pregnant, 

genetic counseling for you and your 

partner.25

This chart lists screenings, tests, or exams you might need more often or earlier because of having highrisk factors or things in your life that increase your chances of developing a condition or disease.
page 2

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

✔

if it 

applies

Are You? Then ask your doctor or nurse if you need the 

following screenings, tests, exams, or vaccines 

more often or at a younger age:

African American Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood glucose 

test, vision exam, colonoscopy, genetic counseling 

for sickle cell anemia26-32

Latina Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood glucose 

test, colonoscopy33-36

Alaska Native or Pacifi c Islander Blood glucose test, pneumococcal vaccine37-39

American Indian Blood glucose test, pneumococcal vaccine40-42

Ashkenazi Jewish descent Genetic counseling for Tay-Sachs disease, if you 

want to become pregnant43

Ashkenazi Jewish with family history 

of breast or ovarian cancer

Genetic counseling for possible BRCA1/2 

mutation44,45

Asian American Blood glucose test46

Age 65 or older Bone mineral density test, fl u vaccine, 

pneumococcal vaccine47-49

Between the ages of 60 and 64, weigh 

fewer than 154 lbs., and not taking 

estrogen

Bone mineral density test50

College age MMR vaccine, varicella vaccine, human 

papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, meningococcal 

vaccine51-53

Postmenopausal Bone mineral density test54

Pregnant Blood pressure test, blood glucose test, urine test, 

HIV test, STD tests, MMR vaccine, hepatitis B antigen 

test55-59

A non-pregnant woman of 

childbearing age

MMR vaccine, varicella vaccine60

A smoker Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, bone mineral 

density test, oral exam, vision exam61

Overweight Blood pressure test, blood glucose test, weight62

Living in prison Tuberculosis (TB) test; HIV test; STD tests; hepatitis 

A, B vaccines63-65

Living in long-term care TB test, infl uenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine66-

68

A health care worker TB test, infl uenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, 

MMR vaccine, varicella vaccine, HIV test, hepatitis 

test, hepatitis B vaccine if exposed to blood69-71

This chart lists screenings, tests, or exams you might need more often or earlier because of having highrisk factors or things in your life that increase your chances of developing a condition or disease.
page 3

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health .S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L AT I O N A L T I O N A L WO M E N O M E N ’ S H E A LT H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N N F O R M AT I O N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R E N T E R N T E R

✔

if it 

applies

Do you have or have you had? Then ask your doctor or nurse if you need the 

following screenings, tests, exams, or vaccines 

more often or at a younger age:

High blood pressure Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood 

glucose test72,73

High cholesterol Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood 

glocose test74,75

Heart disease Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood 

glucose test, infl uenza vaccine, pneumococcal 

vaccine76-80

Diabetes Blood pressure test, cholesterol test, blood 

glucose test, vision exam, urine test81-4

Gestational diabetes (diabetes during 

pregnancy)

Blood glucose test85

A baby weighing more than 9 lbs. Blood glucose test86

Breast cancer Mammogram, ovarian cancer tests87,88

Dense breast Digital mammogram, clinical breast exam89,90

Cervical, uterine, endometrial, vaginal 

cancer

Pap test, pelvic exam, ovarian cancer tests, colon 

screening91-97

Ovarian cancer Pelvic exam, ovarian cancer tests, mammogram, 

colon screening98-100

Previous abnormal Pap tests Pap test, pelvic exam, human papillomavirus 

(HPV) vaccine101,102

Early menopause (natural or surgically 

induced); absent or infrequent menstrual 

periods; advanced age; a personal history 

of bone fracture in adulthood; lifelong 

low calcium intake; lifelong inactive 

lifestyle or little physical activity; low 

body weight (fewer than 154 lbs.), or 

a history of an eating disorder such as 

anorexia nervosa

Bone mineral density test103-,108

An autoimmune disease (including 

lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, 

multiple sclerosis, psoriasis)

Thyroid test, TB test, infl uenza shot, MMR vaccine, 

pneumococcal vaccine, autoimmune screening 

test, bone mineral density test109-117

This chart lists screenings, tests, or exams you might need more often or earlier because of having highrisk factors or things in your life that increase your chances of developing a condition or disease.
page 4

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

✔

if it 

applies

Do you have or have you had? Then ask your doctor or nurse if you need 

the following screenings, tests, exams, or 

vaccines more often or at a younger age:

Chronic lung disease Infl uenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine118-121

Chronic liver disease Hepatitis A, B vaccines122,123

Thyroid disease Thyroid test, infl uenza vaccine, pneumococcal 

vaccine, bone mineral density test (if 

hyperthyroid)124-126

Gum (periodontal) disease Oral exam127

Colon polyps; infl ammatory bowel disease Colonoscopy128,129

Colon cancer Endometrial cancer screening, colon cancer 

screening tests130,131

A developmental delay Vision exam, hearing test132

Eye injury or disease Vision exam133-136

Ear injury or prolonged exposure to loud 

noise

Hearing test137,138

HIV/AIDS Oral exam; vision exam; Pap test; pelvic exam; 

TB test; thyroid test; STD tests; infl uenza vaccine; 

pneumococcal vaccine; hepatitis screening; 

hepatitis A, B vaccines139-142

A blood transfusion or solid organ 

transplant before 1992

Hepatitis C test143

Received clotting factor concentrates 

made before 1987

Hepatitis C test144

A blood transfusion before 1985 HIV test145

Multiple sex partners (or a partner who 

has or had multiple sex partners)

STD tests, HIV test, hepatitis B vaccine, Pap 

test, pelvic exam, human papillomavirus (HPV) 

vaccine146-150

Alcoholism Pneumococcal vaccine, TB test, psychological 

screening, liver tests151-155

Injection drug use (IDU) or addiction Hepatitis A, B vaccines; hepatitis C test; TB test; 

STD tests; HIV test; psychological screening156-159

A sexually transmitted disease (STD) STD tests, HIV test, Pap test, pelvic exam, 

hepatitis B vaccine, human papillomavirus 

(HPV) vaccine160-164

Lived or worked with someone exposed to 

tuberculosis (TB)

TB test165

A serious injury (cut or laceration) Tetanus-diphtheria booster vaccine166

A baby recently (within the last few weeks 

or months)

Postpartum depression screening167

This chart lists screenings, tests, or exams you might need more often or earlier because of having high-risk 

factors or things in your life that increase your chances of developing a condition or disease.
page 5

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

(Footnotes)

1

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U.S. 

National Institutes of Health. Your Guide to Lowering 

Blood Pressure. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

hbp/hbp/develop.htm. Accessed November 7, 2006. 2

 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U.S. 

National Institutes of Health. High Blood Cholesterol: 

What you Need to Know. June 2005. NIH Publication 

No. 05-3290.

3

 Mosca L et al. Evidence-Based Guidelines for 

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women. 

Circulation. 2004;109:672-693. 4

 Gibbins R. ACC/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing: 

Executive Summary, A Report of the American College 

of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force 

on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). 

Circulation. 1997;96:345-354. 5

 National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse of the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health. Am I at 

risk for Type 2 Diabetes? Taking Steps to Lower your 

Risk of Getting Diabetes. Available at: http://diabetes.

niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/riskfortype2/index.htm. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

6

 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer (PDQ 

®). Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/

genetics/breast-and-ovarian/healthprofessional. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

7

 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Genetics of Colorectal Cancer (PDQ ®). 

Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/

pdq/genetics/colorectal/healthprofessional. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

8

 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Endometrial Cancer (PDQ ®): Prevention. 

Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/

prevention/endometrial/patient. Accessed November 7, 

2006.

9

 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian Cancer (PDQ 

®). Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/

genetics/breast-and-ovarian/healthprofessional. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

10 The NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases – 

National Resource Center, the U.S. National Institutes of 

Health. Osteoporosis: The Diagnosis. Available at: http://

www.niams.nih.gov/bone/hi/osteoporosis_diagnosis.htm. 

Accessed November 8, 2006.

11 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Thyroid Cancer (PDQ ®): 

Treatment. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/

cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional. 

Accessed November 8, 2006.

12 Ladenson P et al. American Thyroid Association 

Guidelines for Detection of Thyroid Dysfunction. 

Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000;160:1573-1575. 13 Coventry J, Griffi ths G, Scully C, Tonetti M. ABC 

of Oral Health: Periodontal Disease. British Medical 

Journal. 2000;321:36-39. 14 National Institute on Deafness and Other 

Communication Disorders of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Hearing Loss and Older Adults. Available 

at: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/older.htm. 

Accessed November 8, 2006.

15 National Eye Institute of the U.S. National Institutes of 

Health. Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Available at: 

http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd_facts.

asp. Accessed November 8, 2006. 16 American Cancer Society. Chronological History of 

ACS Recommendations on Early Detection of Cancer. 

Available at: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/

content/PED_2_3X_Chronological_History_of_ACS_

Recommendations_on_Early_Detection_of_Cancer.

asp?sitearea=PED. Accessed November 9, 2006. 17 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Genetics Genetics of Colorectal 

Cancer (PDQ ®). Available at http://www.cancer.gov/

cancertopics/pdq/genetics/colorectal/healthprofessional. 

Accessed November 7, 2006.

18 American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society 

Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. Available 

at: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_

2_3X_ACS_Cancer_Detection_Guidelines. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

19 The American College of Gastroenterology. 

Infl ammatory Bowel Disease. Available at: http://www.

acg.gi.org/patients/gihealth/pdf/ibd.pdf. Accessed . Accessed 

November 15, 2007.

20 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Endometrial Cancer (PDQ ®): 

Prevention. Available at http://www.cancer.gov/

cancertopics/pdq/prevention/endometrial/patient. 

Accessed November 7, 2006.

21 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Genetics of Breast and Ovarian 

Cancer (PDQ ®). Available at http://www.cancer.

gov/cancertopics/pdq/genetics/breast-and-ovarian/

healthprofessional. Accessed November 7, 2006. 22 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Cancer Genetics Overview (PDQ 

®). Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/

pdq/genetics/overview/healthprofessional. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

23 Eyre H et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular 

Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the 

American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes 

Association, and the American Heart Association. 

Circulation. 2004;109:3244-3255. 24 National Cancer Institute of the U.S. National 

Institutes of Health. Cancer Genetics Overview (PDQ 
page 6

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

®). Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/

pdq/genetics/overview/healthprofessional. Accessed 

November 7, 2006.

25 March of Dimes. Birth Defects. Available at: http://

www.marchofdimes.com/printableArticles/4439_1206.

asp. Accessed November 9, 2006. 26 Eyre H et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular 

Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the 

American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes 

Association, and the American Heart Association. 

Circulation. 2004;109:3244-3255. 27 National Eye Institute of the U.S. National Institutes 

of Health. Glaucoma. Available at: http://www.nei.nih.

gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts.asp. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

28 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the 

U.S. National Institutes of Health. Empower Yourself! 

Lower Your Cholesterol Number. Available at: http://

www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/chdblack/

empower1.htm. Accessed November 9, 2006. 29 American Diabetes Association. African American and 

Diabetes Facts. Available at: http://www.diabetes.org/

communityprograms-and-localevents/africanamerican/

facts.jsp. Accessed November 9, 2006. 30 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pocket 

Guide to Good Health for Adults. Available at: http://

www.ahrq.gov/ppip/adguide/checkups.htm. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

31 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the 

U.S. National Institutes of Health. Sickle Cell Anemia. 

Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/

Diseases/Sca/SCA_All.html. Accessed November 9, 

2006.

32 American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and 

Figures for African Americans 2005 – 2006. 

Available at: http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/

CAFF2005AACorrPWSecured.pdf. Accessed November . Accessed November 

9, 2006.

33 National Alliance for Hispanic Health. Colorectal 

Cancer. Available at: http://www.hispanichealth.org/

colorectal_cancer.lasso. Accessed November 9, 2006. 34 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the 

U.S. National Institutes of Health. The Heart Truth 

for Latinas: An Action Plan. September 2003. NIH 

Publication No. 03-5065.

35 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U.S. 

National Institutes of Health. Lifestyle Modifi cation 

Program to Reduce Risk of Coronary Heart Disease 

in Latina Women with Diabetes (clinical trial 

NCT00233259). Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.

gov/ct/show/NCT00233259. Accessed November 9, 

2006.

36 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pocket 

Guide to Good Health for Adults. Available at: http://

www.ahrq.gov/ppip/adguide/checkups.htm. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

37 The Offi ce of Minority Health of the U.S. Department 

of Health and Human Services. Native Hawaiians/Other 

Pacifi c Islanders Profi le. Available at: http://www.omhrc.

gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2&1v1ID=34. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

38 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pocket 

Guide to Good Health for Adults. Available at: http://

www.ahrq.gov/ppip/adguide/checkups.htm. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

39 National Immunization Program of the Centers 

for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal 

Polysaccharide Vaccine: What you Need to Know 

(Vaccine Information Statement). July 29, 1997.

40 The Offi ce of Minority Health of the U.S. Department 

of Health and Human Services. American Indian/

Alaska Native Profi le Indian Health Service Area Map. 

Available at: http://www.omhrc.gov/templates/browse.

aspx?lvl=2&1v1ID=52. Accessed November 9, 2006. 41 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pocket 

Guide to Good Health for Adults. Available at: http://

www.ahrq.gov/ppip/adguide/checkups.htm. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

42 National Immunization Program of the Centers 

for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal 

Polysaccharide Vaccine: What you Need to Know 

(Vaccine Information Statement). July 29, 1997.

43 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and 

Stroke. NINDS Tay-Sachs Disease Information Page. 

Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/

taysachs/taysachs.htm?css=print. Accessed November 

15, 2006.

44 National Offi ce of Public Health Genomics of the 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available 

at: http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/training/perspectives/

factshts/breastcancer.htm. Accessed November 15, 2006. 45 National Human Genome Research Institute of the 

National Institutes of Health. Learning About Breast 

Cancer. Available at: http://www.genome.gov/pfv.

cfm?pageID=10000507. 46 The Offi ce of Minority Health of the U.S. Department 

of Health and Human Services. Diabetes and Asian and 

Pacifi c Islanders. Available at: http://www.omhrc.gov/

templates/content.aspx?ID=3057. Accessed November 

11, 2006.

47 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening 

for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: 

Recommendations and Rationale. September 2002. 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, 

MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/osteoporosis/
page 7

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

osteorr.htm. 48 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory 

Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention. Inactivated Infl uenza Vaccine 2006—2007: 

What you Need to Know (Vaccine Information 

Statement). June 30, 2006. 

49 National Immunization Program of the Centers 

for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal 

Polysaccharide Vaccine: What you Need to Know 

(Vaccine Information Statement). July 29, 1997.

50 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening 

for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: 

Recommendations and Rationale. September 2002. 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, 

MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/osteoporosis/

osteorr.htm. 51 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Prevention of Varicella: updated recommendations of the 

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 

MMWR 1999;48(No. RR-6):2.

52 National Immunization Program of the Centers 

for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal 

Vaccines: What you Need to Know (Vaccine Information 

Statement). October 7, 2005. 

53 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Measles, 

Mumps, and Rubella – Vaccine Use and Strategies for 

Elimination of Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella 

Syndrome and Control of Mumps: Recommendations 

of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 

(ACIP). MMWR 1998;47(No. RR-8):8.

National Immunization Program of the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended Adult 

Immunization Schedule, United States, October 2006—

September 2007. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/Nip/

recs/adult-schedule.pdf. Accessed November 12, 2006. . Accessed November 12, 2006. 54 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening 

for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: 

Recommendations and Rationale. September 2002. 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, 

MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/osteoporosis/

osteorr.htm. 55 National Institute of Child Health and Human 

Development, NIH, DHHS. (2000). Am I at Risk for 

Gestational Diabetes? (00-4818). Washington, DC: U.S. 

Government Printing Offi ce.

56 March of Dimes. Prenatal Care. Available at: http://

www.marchofdimes.com/printableArticles/159_513.asp. 

Accessed November 9, 2006.

57 National Center for HIV, STD & TB Prevention of the 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B 

Frequently Asked Questions. Available at: http://www.

cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/faqb.htm. Accessed 

November 9, 2006.

58 National Immunization Program of the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention. Measles, Mumps, and 

Rubella Vaccines: What you Need to Know (Vaccine 

Information Statement). January 15, 2003. 

59 National Immunization Program of the Centers 

for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal 

Polysaccharide Vaccine: What you Need to Know 

(Vaccine Information Statement). July 29, 1997.

60 National Immunization Program of the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended Adult 

Immunization Schedule, United States, October 2006—

September 2007. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/Nip/

recs/adult-schedule.pdf. Accessed November 12, 2006. . Accessed November 12, 2006. 61 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 

The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the 

Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Diseases 

Prevention and Health Promotion, Offi ce on Smoking 

and Health, 2004.

62 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the 

National Institutes of Health. Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identifi cation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults. September 1998. NIH Publication 

No. 98-4083. 

63 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Correctional 

and Detention Facilities: Recommendations from CDC. 

MMWR 2006:55(RR-9).

64 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis 

B Vaccination of Inmates in Correctional Facilities 

– Texas, 2000—2002. MMWR 2004:53(30);681-683.

65 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Prevention and Control of Infections with Hepatitis 

Viruses in Correctional Settings. MMWR 2003;52(No. 

RR-1):1-33.

66 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory 

Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention. Inactivated Infl uenza Vaccine 2006—2007: 

What you Need to Know (Vaccine Information 

Statement). June 30, 2006. 

67 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention 

and Control in Facilities Providing Long-Term Care 

to the Elderly; Recommendations of the Advisory 

Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR 

1990:39(RR-10);7-20.

68 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease. MMWR 

1997:46(RR-8).

69 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory 

Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention. Inactivated Infl uenza Vaccine 2006—2007: 

What you Need to Know (Vaccine Information 

Statement). June 30, 2006. 

70 Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. 

Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for 

the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, 
page 8

RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure 

Prophylaxis. MMWR 2001:50(RR-11).

71 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Immunization of Health-Care Workers. MMWR 

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RE C O M M E N D E D S C R E E N I N G S , TE S T S , 

A N D I M M U N I Z AT I O N S F O R WO M E N W I T H

H I G H - RI S K F A C T O R S

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NAT I O N A L WO M E N ’ S H E A LT H I N F O R M AT I O N C E N T E R

womenshealth.gov

1-800-994-9662

TDD: 1-888-220-5446

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